Geological Outings Around the Bay: Sunol Regional Wilderness
Geological Outings Around the Bay: Ring Mountain
Geological Outings Around the Bay: Shell Beach
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Photos by Andrew 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Follow him on \u003ca href=\"http://www.twitter.com/clasticdetritus\">Twitter\u003c/a>.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Brian Romans | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/brian-romans"},"jennifer-skene":{"type":"authors","id":"10200","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10200","found":true},"name":"Jennifer Skene","firstName":"Jennifer","lastName":"Skene","slug":"jennifer-skene","email":"jen@skene.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Jennifer Skene develops curriculum on climate change and ocean sciences at the Lawrence Hall of Science and teaches biology and science communication at Mills College and the University of California Berkeley. 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She has written for the Berkeley Science Review and the UC Museum of Paleontology’s Understanding Evolution and Understanding Science websites.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jennifer Skene | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jennifer-skene"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_41176":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_41176","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"41176","score":null,"sort":[1342730570000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness","title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Sunol Regional Wilderness","publishDate":1342730570,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41178\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunoltop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41178\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunoltop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunoltop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41178\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunoltop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunoltop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flag Hill, made up of fossiliferous sandstone of the Briones Formation, overlooks the Sunol Regional Wilderness. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/sunol/\">Sunol Regional Wilderness\u003c/a>, part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/\">East Bay Regional Park District\u003c/a>, is a great place for many different students of nature and lovers of the outdoors. Here's how it looks to geology aficionados.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park is near the village of Sunol, south of where state route 84 meets Interstate 680. As you approach the park on Calaveras Road, you are driving pretty much directly on the Calaveras fault, which stretches from the Hollister area north past Pleasanton. It's due east of Fremont, behind Mission and Monument Peaks. That set of mountains is a splinter of crustal rocks raised by the interaction of the Calaveras and Hayward faults on either side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park's bedrock geology is a mixture of relatively young marine sandstone and metamorphic rocks of the much older Franciscan Complex (map from \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-252/almap.pdf\">USGS OF96-252\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41181\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolmap2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41181\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap2.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolmap2\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41181\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap2.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap2-400x300.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunol Regional Wilderness is east of the Calaveras fault. LY, Little Yosemite; FH, Flag Hill; P, southern parking lot. Tan colors are young sandstones of the Briones Formation and related units; green is Great Valley Sequence sandstone of Cretaceous age; blues and purples are Franciscan rocks including melange, graywacke (sandstone) and serpentinite.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The area, like the rest of the Bay Area, has a complex and continuing history of uplift and erosion and sideways movement on our major strike-slip faults. There are occasional bedrock terraces like this one that mark previous levels of Alameda Creek, at times when it had the leisure to cut its streambed wide into the surrounding hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolterrace/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41185\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolterrace.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolterrace\" width=\"600\" height=\"424\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41185\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolterrace.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolterrace-400x283.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beneath a thin veneer of stream gravel lies solid bedrock: a stream-cut platform.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The eastern part of the park is archetypical Franciscan melange country, like that found up and down the Diablo Range. Melange is an intimate mixture of sandstone, basalt, chert and serpentinite, the four major Franciscan rock types. The land it underlies is an intricate set of slopes and peaks, laced with old and young landslide scars and dotted with \"knockers\" of resistant rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41180\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolknocker/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41180\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolknocker.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolknocker\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41180\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolknocker.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolknocker-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Melange country, with the Mission Hills beyond the Calaveras fault. Note the radio towers of Monument and Mission Peaks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the complexity underneath can be seen in this detailed geologic map prepared by Franciscan specialist John Wakabayashi of Cal State Fresno (\u003ca href=\"http://sanjoaquingeologicalsociety.org/presentation/2011SJGSMelanges_sm.ppt\">from a 2011 Powerpoint presentation\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41182\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 697px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolmap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41182\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolmap\" width=\"697\" height=\"715\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41182\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap.png 697w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap-400x410.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 697px) 100vw, 697px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click the map for the full-size version.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Serpentinite and related high-grade metamorphic rocks thread through the land like the dark in a marble cake. The photo doesn't do justice to the blue of the serpentinite in this exposure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41184\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolserp/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41184\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolserp.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolserp\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41184\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolserp.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolserp-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Upper reaches of the \"W\" Tree Rock Scramble.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you take yourself off the trail into these hills, watch for snakes and poison oak, but also be on the lookout for beauties like this garnet amphibolite among the knockers. It's just as blue as new jeans. (Admire it, but don't hammer it. Collecting is forbidden in all parks.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolamph/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41179\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolamph.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolamph\" width=\"600\" height=\"425\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-41179\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolamph.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolamph-400x283.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The details and structures of Sunol's rocks are yielding new insights to students of the Franciscan. That is scientifically important because the Franciscan is a major part of the subduction zone in California, which in turn is the world's best example of subduction-related rocks. Sunol, therefore, is a star player at the frontier of plate tectonics itself.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Franciscan rocks of Sunol Regional Wilderness are star players at the frontier of plate tectonics.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1344279280,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":558},"headData":{"title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Sunol Regional Wilderness | KQED","description":"The Franciscan rocks of Sunol Regional Wilderness are star players at the frontier of plate tectonics.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Sunol Regional Wilderness","datePublished":"2012-07-19T20:42:50.000Z","dateModified":"2012-08-06T18:54:40.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"41176 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=41176","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/","disqusTitle":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Sunol Regional Wilderness","path":"/quest/41176/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41178\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunoltop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41178\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunoltop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunoltop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41178\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunoltop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunoltop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flag Hill, made up of fossiliferous sandstone of the Briones Formation, overlooks the Sunol Regional Wilderness. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/sunol/\">Sunol Regional Wilderness\u003c/a>, part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/\">East Bay Regional Park District\u003c/a>, is a great place for many different students of nature and lovers of the outdoors. Here's how it looks to geology aficionados.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park is near the village of Sunol, south of where state route 84 meets Interstate 680. As you approach the park on Calaveras Road, you are driving pretty much directly on the Calaveras fault, which stretches from the Hollister area north past Pleasanton. It's due east of Fremont, behind Mission and Monument Peaks. That set of mountains is a splinter of crustal rocks raised by the interaction of the Calaveras and Hayward faults on either side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park's bedrock geology is a mixture of relatively young marine sandstone and metamorphic rocks of the much older Franciscan Complex (map from \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-252/almap.pdf\">USGS OF96-252\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41181\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolmap2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41181\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap2.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolmap2\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41181\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap2.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap2-400x300.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunol Regional Wilderness is east of the Calaveras fault. LY, Little Yosemite; FH, Flag Hill; P, southern parking lot. Tan colors are young sandstones of the Briones Formation and related units; green is Great Valley Sequence sandstone of Cretaceous age; blues and purples are Franciscan rocks including melange, graywacke (sandstone) and serpentinite.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The area, like the rest of the Bay Area, has a complex and continuing history of uplift and erosion and sideways movement on our major strike-slip faults. There are occasional bedrock terraces like this one that mark previous levels of Alameda Creek, at times when it had the leisure to cut its streambed wide into the surrounding hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolterrace/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41185\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolterrace.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolterrace\" width=\"600\" height=\"424\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41185\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolterrace.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolterrace-400x283.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beneath a thin veneer of stream gravel lies solid bedrock: a stream-cut platform.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The eastern part of the park is archetypical Franciscan melange country, like that found up and down the Diablo Range. Melange is an intimate mixture of sandstone, basalt, chert and serpentinite, the four major Franciscan rock types. The land it underlies is an intricate set of slopes and peaks, laced with old and young landslide scars and dotted with \"knockers\" of resistant rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41180\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolknocker/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41180\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolknocker.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolknocker\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41180\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolknocker.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolknocker-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Melange country, with the Mission Hills beyond the Calaveras fault. Note the radio towers of Monument and Mission Peaks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the complexity underneath can be seen in this detailed geologic map prepared by Franciscan specialist John Wakabayashi of Cal State Fresno (\u003ca href=\"http://sanjoaquingeologicalsociety.org/presentation/2011SJGSMelanges_sm.ppt\">from a 2011 Powerpoint presentation\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41182\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 697px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolmap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41182\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolmap\" width=\"697\" height=\"715\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41182\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap.png 697w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap-400x410.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 697px) 100vw, 697px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click the map for the full-size version.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Serpentinite and related high-grade metamorphic rocks thread through the land like the dark in a marble cake. The photo doesn't do justice to the blue of the serpentinite in this exposure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41184\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolserp/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41184\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolserp.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolserp\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41184\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolserp.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolserp-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Upper reaches of the \"W\" Tree Rock Scramble.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you take yourself off the trail into these hills, watch for snakes and poison oak, but also be on the lookout for beauties like this garnet amphibolite among the knockers. It's just as blue as new jeans. (Admire it, but don't hammer it. Collecting is forbidden in all parks.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolamph/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41179\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolamph.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolamph\" width=\"600\" height=\"425\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-41179\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolamph.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolamph-400x283.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The details and structures of Sunol's rocks are yielding new insights to students of the Franciscan. That is scientifically important because the Franciscan is a major part of the subduction zone in California, which in turn is the world's best example of subduction-related rocks. Sunol, therefore, is a star player at the frontier of plate tectonics itself.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/41176/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_3492","quest_3580","quest_13200","quest_13202","quest_3747","quest_2589","quest_2590","quest_9979"],"featImg":"quest_41178","label":"quest"},"quest_14623":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_14623","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"14623","score":null,"sort":[1305833243000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"geological-outings-around-the-bay-ring-mountain","title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Ring Mountain","publishDate":1305833243,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ringmtnthumb2.jpg\" alt=\"ring mountain view\">\u003cem>\u003csup>Ring Mountain invites the eyes outward with superb views of the Bay, but looking down at its rocks is also a rewarding pleasure. All photos by Andrew Alden.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is known among geologists as a type locality for subduction. In everyday language this means a place that exposes textbook-quality examples of subduction-related rocks and tectonic features. The rarest and most scientifically precious of these is in Tiburon, and part of it is on pristine display at \u003ca href=\"http://www.maringov.org/en/Depts/PK/Divisions/Open%20Space/Ring%20Mountain.aspx\">Ring Mountain Open Space Preserve\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've shown you some subduction-related localities in previous posts: Deep seafloor in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/21/geological-outings-around-the-bay-marin-headlands/\">Marin Headlands\u003c/a>, pelagic limestone \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/14/calera-limestone-a-gift-from-the-ancient-pacific/\">in Pacifica\u003c/a>, and melange at \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach/\">Shell Beach\u003c/a> on the Sonoma coast all represent the upper parts of subduction complexes. Ring Mountain lets us peek downward into their hellish depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The body of rock underlying the central Tiburon Peninsula is part of the large and sprawling Franciscan Complex, an assemblage of materials that was once involved in subduction. The oceanic plate whose small remnant is the Juan de Fuca plate, off Cascadia, has been subducting under North America for many millions of years. Most Franciscan rock is ordinary sandstone and shale, laid down offshore, that has been crushed and crunched in the subduction zone. Volcanic rocks on and in the oceanic crust are mixed in with these. The Ring Mountain block actually went deep down the subduction zone and somehow came back out. Thus it's a high-grade block, one that underwent a high degree of metamorphism. A large portion of it is serpentinite, yielding the typical toxic soil of a serpentine barren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ringmtntamview2.jpg\" alt=\"ring mountain serpentine\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid that matrix is a large number of rocks bearing the signs of extremely deep burial recorded in their minerals. These have unfamiliar names like glaucophane, lawsonite, jadeite and actinolite. Together, they indicate very high pressure but relatively low temperature (specifically, pressures up to 2.5 GPa and temperatures of about 550°C). The ensemble is called blueschist, shown here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ringmtnblueschist2.jpg\" alt=\"blueschist\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pressure corresponds to depths around 100 kilometers, but this is not a straightforward matter and the depths could be less than half that. The tale the minerals tell is one in which cold volcanic rocks of the seafloor were carried down quickly to these depths, not fully heating up. There the rocks were metamorphosed into a new set of high-pressure, low-temperature minerals. Then somehow the rocks returned with comparable speed to the surface, so that these minerals could not change back to their original species. (This \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/blretrometamorph.htm\">retrograde metamorphism\u003c/a> is why these minerals so rarely occur in surface rocks.) The rocks emerge totally changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ringmtnboulder2.jpg\" alt=\"ring mountain serpentinite\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture this conjures up is that of a packet of rocks being spat out of the subduction zone like a watermelon seed in the fingers. But geologists don't accept stories because they seem sensible; they use them as scenarios to test over and over against the rocks. That's where the conversation among the specialists sits today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ring Mountain is many other things to its visitors. Rock climbers like the bouldering and may not notice the streamlined shapes that resulted from the kneading action in the subduction zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ringmtnrock2.jpg\" alt=\"bouldering\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Botanists love the flowers and plants endemic to the serpentine habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ringmtnflower2.jpg\" alt=\"ring mountain flower\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photographers love Ring Mountain because it offers everything from the large scale to the small, with an endless variety of light and subjects. If you go, take only pictures because every rock and plant is protected there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ringmtncloseup2.jpg\" alt=\"ring mountain stone\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find out more about Ring Mountain's geology on \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.marin.edu/~jim/ring/index.html\">To See A World from Ring Mountain\u003c/a>\" by Jim Locke of the College of Marin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.909 -122.491\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The body of rock underlying the central Tiburon Peninsula is the rarest and most scientifically precious part of the Franciscan Complex, an assemblage of materials that was once involved in subduction.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1311134915,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":600},"headData":{"title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Ring Mountain | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Ring Mountain","datePublished":"2011-05-19T19:27:23.000Z","dateModified":"2011-07-20T04:08:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"14623 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=14623","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-ring-mountain/","disqusTitle":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Ring Mountain","path":"/quest/14623/geological-outings-around-the-bay-ring-mountain","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ringmtnthumb2.jpg\" alt=\"ring mountain view\">\u003cem>\u003csup>Ring Mountain invites the eyes outward with superb views of the Bay, but looking down at its rocks is also a rewarding pleasure. All photos by Andrew Alden.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is known among geologists as a type locality for subduction. In everyday language this means a place that exposes textbook-quality examples of subduction-related rocks and tectonic features. The rarest and most scientifically precious of these is in Tiburon, and part of it is on pristine display at \u003ca href=\"http://www.maringov.org/en/Depts/PK/Divisions/Open%20Space/Ring%20Mountain.aspx\">Ring Mountain Open Space Preserve\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've shown you some subduction-related localities in previous posts: Deep seafloor in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/21/geological-outings-around-the-bay-marin-headlands/\">Marin Headlands\u003c/a>, pelagic limestone \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/14/calera-limestone-a-gift-from-the-ancient-pacific/\">in Pacifica\u003c/a>, and melange at \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach/\">Shell Beach\u003c/a> on the Sonoma coast all represent the upper parts of subduction complexes. Ring Mountain lets us peek downward into their hellish depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The body of rock underlying the central Tiburon Peninsula is part of the large and sprawling Franciscan Complex, an assemblage of materials that was once involved in subduction. The oceanic plate whose small remnant is the Juan de Fuca plate, off Cascadia, has been subducting under North America for many millions of years. Most Franciscan rock is ordinary sandstone and shale, laid down offshore, that has been crushed and crunched in the subduction zone. Volcanic rocks on and in the oceanic crust are mixed in with these. The Ring Mountain block actually went deep down the subduction zone and somehow came back out. Thus it's a high-grade block, one that underwent a high degree of metamorphism. A large portion of it is serpentinite, yielding the typical toxic soil of a serpentine barren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ringmtntamview2.jpg\" alt=\"ring mountain serpentine\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid that matrix is a large number of rocks bearing the signs of extremely deep burial recorded in their minerals. These have unfamiliar names like glaucophane, lawsonite, jadeite and actinolite. Together, they indicate very high pressure but relatively low temperature (specifically, pressures up to 2.5 GPa and temperatures of about 550°C). The ensemble is called blueschist, shown here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ringmtnblueschist2.jpg\" alt=\"blueschist\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pressure corresponds to depths around 100 kilometers, but this is not a straightforward matter and the depths could be less than half that. The tale the minerals tell is one in which cold volcanic rocks of the seafloor were carried down quickly to these depths, not fully heating up. There the rocks were metamorphosed into a new set of high-pressure, low-temperature minerals. Then somehow the rocks returned with comparable speed to the surface, so that these minerals could not change back to their original species. (This \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/blretrometamorph.htm\">retrograde metamorphism\u003c/a> is why these minerals so rarely occur in surface rocks.) The rocks emerge totally changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ringmtnboulder2.jpg\" alt=\"ring mountain serpentinite\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture this conjures up is that of a packet of rocks being spat out of the subduction zone like a watermelon seed in the fingers. But geologists don't accept stories because they seem sensible; they use them as scenarios to test over and over against the rocks. That's where the conversation among the specialists sits today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ring Mountain is many other things to its visitors. Rock climbers like the bouldering and may not notice the streamlined shapes that resulted from the kneading action in the subduction zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ringmtnrock2.jpg\" alt=\"bouldering\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Botanists love the flowers and plants endemic to the serpentine habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ringmtnflower2.jpg\" alt=\"ring mountain flower\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photographers love Ring Mountain because it offers everything from the large scale to the small, with an endless variety of light and subjects. If you go, take only pictures because every rock and plant is protected there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ringmtncloseup2.jpg\" alt=\"ring mountain stone\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find out more about Ring Mountain's geology on \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.marin.edu/~jim/ring/index.html\">To See A World from Ring Mountain\u003c/a>\" by Jim Locke of the College of Marin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.909 -122.491\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/14623/geological-outings-around-the-bay-ring-mountain","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_982","quest_1737","quest_3653","quest_3737","quest_2447","quest_2589","quest_2590","quest_3409"],"featImg":"quest_14626","label":"quest"},"quest_13133":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_13133","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"13133","score":null,"sort":[1300986008000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach","title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Shell Beach","publishDate":1300986008,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachintro2.jpg\" alt=\"shell beach\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>One of California's most distinctive and mysterious bodies of rock is well exposed at Shell Beach, north of Bodega Bay in Sonoma County. Photos by Andrew Alden.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big swatch of the Coast Range is a set of rocks that once baffled generations of California geologists. It's a dog's breakfast of different things, most of them familiar in the region, mixed together with no pattern that anyone could make sense of. The geologists who explored California were no slouches, but all they could do was to map these suites of rocks in a catch-all category called \u003ci>Franciscan melange\u003c/i>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 1970 the new theory of plate tectonics found just the place for Franciscan melange, and Shell Beach is just the place to ponder and admire it. I've made several visits there and don't recall any shells—maybe a better name for it is Melange Beach. And right nearby is another mystery from the ice ages. For anyone into geology, Shell Beach is a great workout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melange, we now know, is what happens to rocks in subduction zones, which is where one tectonic plate plunges beneath another. Before the San Andreas fault began carrying coastal California sideways to the north, the plate west of us was being subducted directly eastward against North America. (A remnant, called the Juan de Fuca plate, is still doing that off the Pacific Northwest.) Rocks and sediments caught between the plates were mixed and tumbled like snow in front of a snowplow. And that's what melange represents, and that's how the Franciscan got so scrambled. Shell Beach shows us the whole range of the Franciscan in one compact site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First let's get oriented on the geologic map (from \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/2402/\">U.S. Geological Survey map MF-2402\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachmap2.png\" alt=\"shell beach geologic map\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the top, the Russian River enters the sea at Jenner. Shell Beach is due south of the \"Qt\" symbol, part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=451\">Sonoma Coast State Beach\u003c/a>. You can also \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiacoastline.org/cgi-bin/image.cgi?image=12464&mode=sequential\">see it from offshore\u003c/a> on the California Coastal Records Project site. \"Qt\" stands for Quaternary terraces, which \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/03/geological-outings-around-the-bay-pebble-beach/\">I told you about down at Pebble Beach\u003c/a>. Up here there are only two terraces mapped, but subtle signs indicate more of them higher up. \"KJfs\" stands for Cretaceous-Jurassic Franciscan sandstone, but it includes a large share of melange. The tiny orange dot represents Mammoth Rock, which we'll talk about later. Here's the view from the terrace looking south. That's Bodega Head in the farthest distance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachterracesouth2.jpg\" alt=\"shell beach terrace\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cliffs are all melange. Most of it is a shale and sandstone matrix that has been thoroughly disrupted by tectonic mixing. The sea stacks out in the water are chunks of hard rock within the melange that have resisted erosion. Where these crop out of our rounded oak-dotted hillsides, the local geologists call them knockers. But resistant blocks occur in all sizes, both larger and smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachstair2.jpg\" alt=\"shell beach stair\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stairs down to Shell Beach pass by a big greenish body of serpentinite, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/05/learn-the-facts-about-serpentinite-before-its-removed-as-californias-state-rock/\">our state rock\u003c/a>, in the gully. It's worth a detour to inspect them. This soft rock type doesn't form knockers. (I should remind you that all collecting or defacing of rocks is prohibited in this state park.) The beach is small, with dark sand and not much of it, and the coast is cool and breezy—not a place for surfing, picnics or volleyball. What's special about it is the range of rock colors in one place. I'll give you a small sample.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachcolors2.jpg\" alt=\"shell beach rocks\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The palette does cluster around green and blue. Greenstone, shown below, is ancient seafloor lava that has been changed by time and pressure, but not enough to hide its original pillow shapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachgreenstone2.jpg\" alt=\"greenstone\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chert is a flinty rock that acquires subtle translucent colors, setting off its waxy luster, during subduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachchert2.jpg\" alt=\"chert\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What excites geologists, and may catch your eye, is that Shell Beach also exposes the soft matrix rocks that held and polished these boulders during subduction. Matrix is seldom seen elsewhere because it quickly turns to soil or washes away. In addition to all these is eye candy, things you just want to turn into background images or jigsaw puzzles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachgleam2.jpg\" alt=\"blue chert\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have time, take the trail north from the beach toward these two ancient sea stacks. The first, Mammoth Rock, is in the center and the second behind it to the right is Sunset Rocks. Some 125,000 years ago, these stood among the waves and endured until the land rose and the sea fell away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachstacks2.jpg\" alt=\"mammoth rocks\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stacks are a mixture of rock types that is largely blueschist, a tough stone formed by high-pressure metamorphism. At Shell Beach, chunks of it extend the palette all the way to indigo. The second stack has a real treat—polished spots that have been interpreted as marks left by ice age mammoths that used the rock as rubbing posts, just as cattle do today. KQED showed you these in its \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/11/12/ice-age-bay-area/\">Ice Age Bay Area\u003c/a> series in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachpolish2.jpg\" alt=\"mammoth polish\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have presented \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/geology_ca/ig/mammothrocks/\">more detail about the polish here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/geology_ca/ig/CAshellbeach/\">more about the rocks here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>38.4180 -123.1045\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"One of California's most distinctive and mysterious bodies of rock is well displayed at Shell Beach, north of Bodega Bay in Sonoma County.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1483733398,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":851},"headData":{"title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Shell Beach | KQED","description":"One of California's most distinctive and mysterious bodies of rock is well displayed at Shell Beach, north of Bodega Bay in Sonoma County.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Shell Beach","datePublished":"2011-03-24T17:00:08.000Z","dateModified":"2017-01-06T20:09:58.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"13133 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=13133","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach/","disqusTitle":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Shell Beach","path":"/quest/13133/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachintro2.jpg\" alt=\"shell beach\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>One of California's most distinctive and mysterious bodies of rock is well exposed at Shell Beach, north of Bodega Bay in Sonoma County. Photos by Andrew Alden.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big swatch of the Coast Range is a set of rocks that once baffled generations of California geologists. It's a dog's breakfast of different things, most of them familiar in the region, mixed together with no pattern that anyone could make sense of. The geologists who explored California were no slouches, but all they could do was to map these suites of rocks in a catch-all category called \u003ci>Franciscan melange\u003c/i>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 1970 the new theory of plate tectonics found just the place for Franciscan melange, and Shell Beach is just the place to ponder and admire it. I've made several visits there and don't recall any shells—maybe a better name for it is Melange Beach. And right nearby is another mystery from the ice ages. For anyone into geology, Shell Beach is a great workout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melange, we now know, is what happens to rocks in subduction zones, which is where one tectonic plate plunges beneath another. Before the San Andreas fault began carrying coastal California sideways to the north, the plate west of us was being subducted directly eastward against North America. (A remnant, called the Juan de Fuca plate, is still doing that off the Pacific Northwest.) Rocks and sediments caught between the plates were mixed and tumbled like snow in front of a snowplow. And that's what melange represents, and that's how the Franciscan got so scrambled. Shell Beach shows us the whole range of the Franciscan in one compact site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First let's get oriented on the geologic map (from \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/2402/\">U.S. Geological Survey map MF-2402\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachmap2.png\" alt=\"shell beach geologic map\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the top, the Russian River enters the sea at Jenner. Shell Beach is due south of the \"Qt\" symbol, part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=451\">Sonoma Coast State Beach\u003c/a>. You can also \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiacoastline.org/cgi-bin/image.cgi?image=12464&mode=sequential\">see it from offshore\u003c/a> on the California Coastal Records Project site. \"Qt\" stands for Quaternary terraces, which \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/03/geological-outings-around-the-bay-pebble-beach/\">I told you about down at Pebble Beach\u003c/a>. Up here there are only two terraces mapped, but subtle signs indicate more of them higher up. \"KJfs\" stands for Cretaceous-Jurassic Franciscan sandstone, but it includes a large share of melange. The tiny orange dot represents Mammoth Rock, which we'll talk about later. Here's the view from the terrace looking south. That's Bodega Head in the farthest distance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachterracesouth2.jpg\" alt=\"shell beach terrace\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cliffs are all melange. Most of it is a shale and sandstone matrix that has been thoroughly disrupted by tectonic mixing. The sea stacks out in the water are chunks of hard rock within the melange that have resisted erosion. Where these crop out of our rounded oak-dotted hillsides, the local geologists call them knockers. But resistant blocks occur in all sizes, both larger and smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachstair2.jpg\" alt=\"shell beach stair\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stairs down to Shell Beach pass by a big greenish body of serpentinite, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/05/learn-the-facts-about-serpentinite-before-its-removed-as-californias-state-rock/\">our state rock\u003c/a>, in the gully. It's worth a detour to inspect them. This soft rock type doesn't form knockers. (I should remind you that all collecting or defacing of rocks is prohibited in this state park.) The beach is small, with dark sand and not much of it, and the coast is cool and breezy—not a place for surfing, picnics or volleyball. What's special about it is the range of rock colors in one place. I'll give you a small sample.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachcolors2.jpg\" alt=\"shell beach rocks\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The palette does cluster around green and blue. Greenstone, shown below, is ancient seafloor lava that has been changed by time and pressure, but not enough to hide its original pillow shapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachgreenstone2.jpg\" alt=\"greenstone\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chert is a flinty rock that acquires subtle translucent colors, setting off its waxy luster, during subduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachchert2.jpg\" alt=\"chert\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What excites geologists, and may catch your eye, is that Shell Beach also exposes the soft matrix rocks that held and polished these boulders during subduction. Matrix is seldom seen elsewhere because it quickly turns to soil or washes away. In addition to all these is eye candy, things you just want to turn into background images or jigsaw puzzles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachgleam2.jpg\" alt=\"blue chert\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have time, take the trail north from the beach toward these two ancient sea stacks. The first, Mammoth Rock, is in the center and the second behind it to the right is Sunset Rocks. Some 125,000 years ago, these stood among the waves and endured until the land rose and the sea fell away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachstacks2.jpg\" alt=\"mammoth rocks\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stacks are a mixture of rock types that is largely blueschist, a tough stone formed by high-pressure metamorphism. At Shell Beach, chunks of it extend the palette all the way to indigo. The second stack has a real treat—polished spots that have been interpreted as marks left by ice age mammoths that used the rock as rubbing posts, just as cattle do today. KQED showed you these in its \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/11/12/ice-age-bay-area/\">Ice Age Bay Area\u003c/a> series in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/shellbeachpolish2.jpg\" alt=\"mammoth polish\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have presented \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/geology_ca/ig/mammothrocks/\">more detail about the polish here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/geology_ca/ig/CAshellbeach/\">more about the rocks here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>38.4180 -123.1045\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/13133/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_3487","quest_3507","quest_13200","quest_3615","quest_1727","quest_3706","quest_2233","quest_2589","quest_2590","quest_2728","quest_2817"],"featImg":"quest_199486","label":"quest"},"quest_7234":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_7234","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"7234","score":null,"sort":[1281978021000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"home-sweet-serpentine","title":"Home Sweet Serpentine","publishDate":1281978021,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/flower.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Tamalpais Manzanita, Mount Tamalpais State Park. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/randomtruth/4484842885/in/set-72157623633650549/\">randomtruth\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serpentine, California’s state rock, is feeling some pressure—and not just because it’s a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphic_rock\">metamorphic\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>rock! The California Legislature is considering a bill that would strip serpentine of its state rock status; geology blogger Brian Romans explained the details in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/05/learn-the-facts-about-serpentinite-before-its-removed-as-californias-state-rock/\">this recent QUEST blog\u003c/a>. Basically, proponents of the bill say that because asbestos is made from serpentine rock, and asbestos causes cancer, serpentine should not be the state rock. Never mind that serpentine does not cause cancer. In fact, many organisms thrive on serpentine soils. And that is what today’s post is about—the unique plants and animals that call serpentine soil home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serpentine soil is a tough environment: the soil is coarse, so water runs right through it, making it very dry. It is often dark in color, so it heats up in the sun. And its chemical makeup is challenging to plant life, to say the least. The soil has high concentrations of heavy metals, like nickel, iron, and chromium, and low concentrations of nutrients, like nitrogen and phosphorus. It is also really high in magnesium, which makes it hard for plants’ roots to take up those already-scarce nutrients. And it is low in calcium, which causes ion balance problems for plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With nutrients scarce, serpentine inhabitants tend to be small in stature—it’s hard to grow big without much food. And, with low water availability, serpentine plants are drought-tolerant. They often have tough little leaves, which don’t lose much water. Some examples are the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=563\">Tamalpais manzanita\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Arctostaphylos montana\u003c/em>), and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=6992\">Leather Oak\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Quercus durata\u003c/em>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plants on serpentine soils also have to deal with those heavy metals, which can interfere with metabolic processes. Some plants, like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=7858\">Milkwort Jewelflower\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Strepthanus polygaloides\u003c/em>), have a really high tolerance for heavy metals. Milkwort Jelweflower is a nickel hyperaccumulator—it can take up lots of nickel from the soil, with no ill effects. In fact, some serpentine plants are used in bioremediation; people plant them in contaminated soil, where they pull the heavy metals out of the ground and sequester them in their tissues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serpentine soils are home to many endemic species—species that live in a particular habitat type, and nowhere else. Sometimes plants or animals are limited to one habitat because they can’t survive the physical conditions of other habitat types. But in the case of serpentine endemics, many can live in other habitats’ nutrient-rich soils, but are total weaklings when it comes to competition with other plants. They can’t live in other habitats simply because they are out-competed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serpentine soils are home to more than just plants—there are butterflies, too, like the beautiful \u003ca href=\"http://butterfly.ucdavis.edu/butterfly/Pontia/sisymbrii\">California White\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Pontia sisymbrii\u003c/em>). Some, like a rare variant of the Edith’s checkerspot butterfly, \u003ca href=\"http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/euphydryas_editha_luestherae.htm\">\u003cem>Euphydryas editha luestherae\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, are serpentine endemics, because they lay their eggs exclusively on plants living on serpentine soils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://geoblogs.stratigraphy.net/\">Geoblogosphere\u003c/a> is buzzing with commentary about California’s serpentine bill. If you feel passionate about keeping serpentine as the state rock, by all means write your state representative—but also visit some serpentine habitat! There are lots of places in the Bay Area where you can check out serpentine soils and their inhabitants. There are serpentine outcroppings on Mount Tamalpais, Mount Diablo (be sure to check out QUEST’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/exploration/mt-diablo-state-park-exploration\">Mount Diablo State Park Exploration\u003c/a>!), and in the Berkeley and \u003ca href=\"http://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/2008/08/20/the-crestmont-serpentine-patch/\">Oakland hills\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Serpentine soil is a tough environment, but some unique plants and animals call it home.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443832292,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":594},"headData":{"title":"Home Sweet Serpentine | KQED","description":"Serpentine soil is a tough environment, but some unique plants and animals call it home.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Home Sweet Serpentine","datePublished":"2010-08-16T17:00:21.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-03T00:31:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"7234 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=7234","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/16/home-sweet-serpentine/","disqusTitle":"Home Sweet Serpentine","path":"/quest/7234/home-sweet-serpentine","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/flower.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Tamalpais Manzanita, Mount Tamalpais State Park. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/randomtruth/4484842885/in/set-72157623633650549/\">randomtruth\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serpentine, California’s state rock, is feeling some pressure—and not just because it’s a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphic_rock\">metamorphic\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>rock! The California Legislature is considering a bill that would strip serpentine of its state rock status; geology blogger Brian Romans explained the details in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/05/learn-the-facts-about-serpentinite-before-its-removed-as-californias-state-rock/\">this recent QUEST blog\u003c/a>. Basically, proponents of the bill say that because asbestos is made from serpentine rock, and asbestos causes cancer, serpentine should not be the state rock. Never mind that serpentine does not cause cancer. In fact, many organisms thrive on serpentine soils. And that is what today’s post is about—the unique plants and animals that call serpentine soil home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serpentine soil is a tough environment: the soil is coarse, so water runs right through it, making it very dry. It is often dark in color, so it heats up in the sun. And its chemical makeup is challenging to plant life, to say the least. The soil has high concentrations of heavy metals, like nickel, iron, and chromium, and low concentrations of nutrients, like nitrogen and phosphorus. It is also really high in magnesium, which makes it hard for plants’ roots to take up those already-scarce nutrients. And it is low in calcium, which causes ion balance problems for plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With nutrients scarce, serpentine inhabitants tend to be small in stature—it’s hard to grow big without much food. And, with low water availability, serpentine plants are drought-tolerant. They often have tough little leaves, which don’t lose much water. Some examples are the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=563\">Tamalpais manzanita\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Arctostaphylos montana\u003c/em>), and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=6992\">Leather Oak\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Quercus durata\u003c/em>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plants on serpentine soils also have to deal with those heavy metals, which can interfere with metabolic processes. Some plants, like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=7858\">Milkwort Jewelflower\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Strepthanus polygaloides\u003c/em>), have a really high tolerance for heavy metals. Milkwort Jelweflower is a nickel hyperaccumulator—it can take up lots of nickel from the soil, with no ill effects. In fact, some serpentine plants are used in bioremediation; people plant them in contaminated soil, where they pull the heavy metals out of the ground and sequester them in their tissues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serpentine soils are home to many endemic species—species that live in a particular habitat type, and nowhere else. Sometimes plants or animals are limited to one habitat because they can’t survive the physical conditions of other habitat types. But in the case of serpentine endemics, many can live in other habitats’ nutrient-rich soils, but are total weaklings when it comes to competition with other plants. They can’t live in other habitats simply because they are out-competed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serpentine soils are home to more than just plants—there are butterflies, too, like the beautiful \u003ca href=\"http://butterfly.ucdavis.edu/butterfly/Pontia/sisymbrii\">California White\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Pontia sisymbrii\u003c/em>). Some, like a rare variant of the Edith’s checkerspot butterfly, \u003ca href=\"http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/euphydryas_editha_luestherae.htm\">\u003cem>Euphydryas editha luestherae\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, are serpentine endemics, because they lay their eggs exclusively on plants living on serpentine soils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://geoblogs.stratigraphy.net/\">Geoblogosphere\u003c/a> is buzzing with commentary about California’s serpentine bill. If you feel passionate about keeping serpentine as the state rock, by all means write your state representative—but also visit some serpentine habitat! There are lots of places in the Bay Area where you can check out serpentine soils and their inhabitants. There are serpentine outcroppings on Mount Tamalpais, Mount Diablo (be sure to check out QUEST’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/exploration/mt-diablo-state-park-exploration\">Mount Diablo State Park Exploration\u003c/a>!), and in the Berkeley and \u003ca href=\"http://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/2008/08/20/the-crestmont-serpentine-patch/\">Oakland hills\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/7234/home-sweet-serpentine","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_13193","quest_337","quest_417","quest_921","quest_982","quest_13198","quest_2220","quest_2447","quest_2589","quest_2590","quest_2692","quest_2782"],"label":"quest"},"quest_6714":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_6714","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"6714","score":null,"sort":[1281023720000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"learn-the-facts-about-serpentinite-before-its-removed-as-californias-state-rock","title":"Learn the Facts About Serpentinite Before It's Removed as California's State Rock","publishDate":1281023720,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/serpentinite300.jpg\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> Serpentinite from the Klamath Mountains, California (sample courtesy of Hannah Scherer; photo from Brian Romans)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/14/us/14rock.html\">bill introduced by California State Senator Gloria Romero\u003c/a> in February 2009, the language of which was completely gutted and then amended in April of this year, would “remove \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpentinite\">serpentine\u003c/a> as the state rock and lithologic emblem and would leave the state rock unspecified.” Why introduce a bill to the state assembly devoted to removing the state rock? The primary reason, as stated in the bill, is because “serpentine contains the deadly mineral chyrsotile asbestos, a known carcinogen, exposure to which increases the risk of cancer mesothelioma.” Supporters of the bill include cancer awareness groups and other groups representing those dealing with mesothelioma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While we are all entitled to our own opinions, we are not entitled to our own facts. In that spirit, I think some basic geologic facts are in order:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Firstly, “serpentine” refers to a group of minerals, not a rock. The term “serpentinite” is the proper term for the rock that is mostly made up of one or more of the serpentine group minerals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Serpentinite is a metamorphosed version of rocks that make up oceanic crust after they are incorporated into subduction zones (plate boundaries where oceanic plates are thrust under continental plates). The recognition and study of serpentinite in California contributed to the understanding of modern plate tectonic theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Serpentinite has a unique association with California for many reasons including: its association with gold deposits and the resulting California Gold Rush history, many plants unique to California grow on serpentinite-rich soils, the fact that serpentinite is thought to promote slow (and less hazardous) ‘creep’ along faults, and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• There is no such mineral as “chrysotile asbestos”; there is a mineral “chrysotile” that crystallizes into a fibrous material referred to as asbestos but not all varieties of serpentinite contain it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• The term “asbestos” does not have a unique mineralogical association; it is derived from the term that describes the fibrous nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Varieties of asbestos from a completely separate group of minerals, called the amphibole group, are considered to be the most dangerous form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• The health danger of asbestos is when people breathe the powdered form into their lungs — and not just once or twice, but chronically over many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Bottom line: walking on, being near, handling, or even eating a piece of serpentinite rock is NOT harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As one blogger put it, the only way a piece of serpentinite might be harmful is if someone hurled a piece at you. To reiterate, one must inhale the powdered version into their lungs for it to be harmful. The wording of the bill is such that it’s not surprising there is some confusion and misunderstanding. Some of the mainstream reporting about this bill has failed to communicate that exposure to the rock serpentinite is distinct from exposure to the powdered form of a component mineral that might be in the rock. This is an important distinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of this bill argue that having a rock with an association with harmful derivative materials is inappropriate for a state symbol. One of the more interesting bits of history I’ve learned following this story is that the original 1965 proclamation of serpentinite as the state rock was motivated by a desire to highlight its economic and commercial importance as a source of mined asbestos. However, the connection between the mining process and harmful effects were discovered thereafter and asbestos mining was banned in California in the 1970s. So, why is the issue coming up now? It’s unclear to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final point I’ll make about this issue, which is something many other geologists have made as well, is that what’s most important here isn’t to maintain serpentinite as the state rock at all costs. What’s important is that the proposal deserves a fair and open debate. If the state assembly feels that spending the time and resources to do that isn’t in California’s best interests at this time, then simply table the bill and deal with it at a later date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/09-10/bill/sen/sb_0601-0650/sb_624_bill_20100519_amended_asm_v97.pdf\">PDF of Senate Bill No. 624\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the information presented in this post comes from the educating and advocacy about this issue by geoscience educator Garry Hayes at his blog \u003ca href=\"http://geotripper.blogspot.com/\">\u003cem>Geotripper\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Bay Area science writer Andrew Alden at geology.about.com, and environmental historian Jon Christensen from the \u003ca href=\"http://west.stanford.edu/\">Bill Lane Center for the American West\u003c/a> at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Why introduce a bill to the state assembly devoted to removing the state rock?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443831701,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":803},"headData":{"title":"Learn the Facts About Serpentinite Before It's Removed as California's State Rock | KQED","description":"Why introduce a bill to the state assembly devoted to removing the state rock?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Learn the Facts About Serpentinite Before It's Removed as California's State Rock","datePublished":"2010-08-05T15:55:20.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-03T00:21:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"6714 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=6714","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/05/learn-the-facts-about-serpentinite-before-its-removed-as-californias-state-rock/","disqusTitle":"Learn the Facts About Serpentinite Before It's Removed as California's State Rock","WpOldSlug":"learn-the-facts-about-serpentinite-before-it%e2%80%99s-removed-as-california%e2%80%99s-state-rock","path":"/quest/6714/learn-the-facts-about-serpentinite-before-its-removed-as-californias-state-rock","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/serpentinite300.jpg\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> Serpentinite from the Klamath Mountains, California (sample courtesy of Hannah Scherer; photo from Brian Romans)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/14/us/14rock.html\">bill introduced by California State Senator Gloria Romero\u003c/a> in February 2009, the language of which was completely gutted and then amended in April of this year, would “remove \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpentinite\">serpentine\u003c/a> as the state rock and lithologic emblem and would leave the state rock unspecified.” Why introduce a bill to the state assembly devoted to removing the state rock? The primary reason, as stated in the bill, is because “serpentine contains the deadly mineral chyrsotile asbestos, a known carcinogen, exposure to which increases the risk of cancer mesothelioma.” Supporters of the bill include cancer awareness groups and other groups representing those dealing with mesothelioma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While we are all entitled to our own opinions, we are not entitled to our own facts. In that spirit, I think some basic geologic facts are in order:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Firstly, “serpentine” refers to a group of minerals, not a rock. The term “serpentinite” is the proper term for the rock that is mostly made up of one or more of the serpentine group minerals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Serpentinite is a metamorphosed version of rocks that make up oceanic crust after they are incorporated into subduction zones (plate boundaries where oceanic plates are thrust under continental plates). The recognition and study of serpentinite in California contributed to the understanding of modern plate tectonic theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Serpentinite has a unique association with California for many reasons including: its association with gold deposits and the resulting California Gold Rush history, many plants unique to California grow on serpentinite-rich soils, the fact that serpentinite is thought to promote slow (and less hazardous) ‘creep’ along faults, and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• There is no such mineral as “chrysotile asbestos”; there is a mineral “chrysotile” that crystallizes into a fibrous material referred to as asbestos but not all varieties of serpentinite contain it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• The term “asbestos” does not have a unique mineralogical association; it is derived from the term that describes the fibrous nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Varieties of asbestos from a completely separate group of minerals, called the amphibole group, are considered to be the most dangerous form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• The health danger of asbestos is when people breathe the powdered form into their lungs — and not just once or twice, but chronically over many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Bottom line: walking on, being near, handling, or even eating a piece of serpentinite rock is NOT harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As one blogger put it, the only way a piece of serpentinite might be harmful is if someone hurled a piece at you. To reiterate, one must inhale the powdered version into their lungs for it to be harmful. The wording of the bill is such that it’s not surprising there is some confusion and misunderstanding. Some of the mainstream reporting about this bill has failed to communicate that exposure to the rock serpentinite is distinct from exposure to the powdered form of a component mineral that might be in the rock. This is an important distinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of this bill argue that having a rock with an association with harmful derivative materials is inappropriate for a state symbol. One of the more interesting bits of history I’ve learned following this story is that the original 1965 proclamation of serpentinite as the state rock was motivated by a desire to highlight its economic and commercial importance as a source of mined asbestos. However, the connection between the mining process and harmful effects were discovered thereafter and asbestos mining was banned in California in the 1970s. So, why is the issue coming up now? It’s unclear to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final point I’ll make about this issue, which is something many other geologists have made as well, is that what’s most important here isn’t to maintain serpentinite as the state rock at all costs. What’s important is that the proposal deserves a fair and open debate. If the state assembly feels that spending the time and resources to do that isn’t in California’s best interests at this time, then simply table the bill and deal with it at a later date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/09-10/bill/sen/sb_0601-0650/sb_624_bill_20100519_amended_asm_v97.pdf\">PDF of Senate Bill No. 624\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the information presented in this post comes from the educating and advocacy about this issue by geoscience educator Garry Hayes at his blog \u003ca href=\"http://geotripper.blogspot.com/\">\u003cem>Geotripper\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Bay Area science writer Andrew Alden at geology.about.com, and environmental historian Jon Christensen from the \u003ca href=\"http://west.stanford.edu/\">Bill Lane Center for the American West\u003c/a> at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/6714/learn-the-facts-about-serpentinite-before-its-removed-as-californias-state-rock","authors":["10171"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_600","quest_2589","quest_2590","quest_2782"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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