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Seattle Aquarium
Seattle Aquarium
http://www.seattleaquarium.org/
Pteropods: Very Small and Very Important
Feb 25, 2014
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Sea Otters v. Climate Change
Jan 14, 2014
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The Seattle Seawall Project: Transforming Salmon Habitat
Sep 20, 2013
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Cultural Differences in Northwest Orcas
Jul 19, 2011
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This slideshow is part of our \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/ocean-acidification-2/\">\u003cstrong>Ocean Acidification Education\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> series.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What is a food web?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is plankton?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Discussion Questions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What do you think might happen if pteropods disappeared from the ocean?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why do you think it is important for scientists to study pteropods?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ocean acidification is caused by excessive CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> in the atmosphere. Make a list of five things you can do to create less CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Extension Activity\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/cooking/eggs/activity-naked.html\">Making Naked Eggs\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Exploratorium\u003c/strong>. Dissolve an egg in vinegar to see the effect of an acidic solution on a calcium carbonate shell.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/oceans/acidification/files/labkit.pdf\">Ocean Acidification Lab\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Program\u003c/strong>. Hands-on classroom experiments for grades 5 through 12 with lesson plans, worksheets, and answer keys.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Research other marine organisms that are being negatively affected by ocean acidification. See if you can identify organisms that may thrive in a more acidic environment. Discuss how this might change the biodiversity of the ocean environment.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67116\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 302px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/AcidificationLayout.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-67116 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/AcidificationLayout.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"302\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/AcidificationLayout.png 1663w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/AcidificationLayout-400x541.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/AcidificationLayout-800x1082.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/AcidificationLayout-1440x1948.png 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/AcidificationLayout-1180x1597.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/AcidificationLayout-960x1299.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Food web image: ©2012 Jerry Russell, Studio 309. This image can not be reproduced without permission/license (\u003ca href=\"http://www.jerryrussell.com\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">www.jerryrussell.com\u003c/a>). Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Links to Learn More\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://funwithkrill.blogspot.com/\">Charismatic Microfauna\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Dr. Gareth Lawson, \u003c/strong>research blog from Woods Hole Oceanic Institution.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>You can learn about oceanography and follow the exploits of an oceangoing expedition. It includes interesting images and video of pteropods.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/feature/tiny-ubiquitous-vital-delicate-vulnerable\">Tiny, Ubiquitous, Vital, Delicate, Vulnerable\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Oceanus Magazine\u003c/strong>, Woods Hole Oceanic Institution. Amazing images of different pteropods -- a great jumping off point for an art project.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://footprint-calculator.islandwood.org/\">Ecological Footprint Calculator\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Islandwood\u003c/strong>. Calculate your ecological footprint and understand how the choices you make affect the size of your footprint on the earth. This is a simple survey that kids can complete themselves.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/ind-calculator.html\">Household Carbon Footprint Calculator\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/strong>. Calculate an estimate of your family’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/glossary.html#GreenhouseGas\">greenhouse gas\u003c/a> emissions and explore the impact of taking various actions to reduce your \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/glossary.html#Emissions\">emissions\u003c/a>. This survey might need help from adults at home.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3> Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Apply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing a human impact on the environment. \u003cstrong>MS-ESS3-3\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> Human activities have significantly altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging or destroying natural habitats and causing the extinction of other species. But changes to Earth’s environments can have different impacts (negative and positive) for different living things. \u003cstrong>ESS3.C Human Impacts on Earth’s Systems\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Cause and effect\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Pteropods are sometimes called “sea butterflies,” but they’re actually free-floating snails. They play a big part in the ocean food web. How does ocean acidification impact these small creatures? ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1592241227,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":458},"headData":{"title":"Pteropods: Very Small and Very Important - QUEST","description":"Pteropods are sometimes called “sea butterflies,” but they’re actually free-floating snails. They play a big part in the ocean food web. How does ocean acidification impact these small creatures? ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"67114 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=67114","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/02/25/pteropods-very-small-and-very-important/","disqusTitle":"Pteropods: Very Small and Very Important","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzpmUHdwLr0","source":"Biology","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/","path":"/quest/67114/pteropods-very-small-and-very-important","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Pteropods are very small free-floating marine snails that play a very big part in oceanic ecosystems. Although tiny, these creatures are extremely important because they make up an important part of the oceanic food web. Scientists have seen the negative effects of ocean acidification on pteropods and are studying these organisms to better understand the problem. This slideshow is part of our \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/ocean-acidification-2/\">\u003cstrong>Ocean Acidification Education\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> series.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What is a food web?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is plankton?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Discussion Questions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What do you think might happen if pteropods disappeared from the ocean?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why do you think it is important for scientists to study pteropods?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ocean acidification is caused by excessive CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> in the atmosphere. Make a list of five things you can do to create less CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Extension Activity\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/cooking/eggs/activity-naked.html\">Making Naked Eggs\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Exploratorium\u003c/strong>. Dissolve an egg in vinegar to see the effect of an acidic solution on a calcium carbonate shell.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/oceans/acidification/files/labkit.pdf\">Ocean Acidification Lab\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Program\u003c/strong>. Hands-on classroom experiments for grades 5 through 12 with lesson plans, worksheets, and answer keys.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Research other marine organisms that are being negatively affected by ocean acidification. See if you can identify organisms that may thrive in a more acidic environment. Discuss how this might change the biodiversity of the ocean environment.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67116\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 302px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/AcidificationLayout.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-67116 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/AcidificationLayout.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"302\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/AcidificationLayout.png 1663w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/AcidificationLayout-400x541.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/AcidificationLayout-800x1082.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/AcidificationLayout-1440x1948.png 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/AcidificationLayout-1180x1597.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/AcidificationLayout-960x1299.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Food web image: ©2012 Jerry Russell, Studio 309. This image can not be reproduced without permission/license (\u003ca href=\"http://www.jerryrussell.com\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">www.jerryrussell.com\u003c/a>). Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Links to Learn More\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://funwithkrill.blogspot.com/\">Charismatic Microfauna\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Dr. Gareth Lawson, \u003c/strong>research blog from Woods Hole Oceanic Institution.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>You can learn about oceanography and follow the exploits of an oceangoing expedition. It includes interesting images and video of pteropods.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/feature/tiny-ubiquitous-vital-delicate-vulnerable\">Tiny, Ubiquitous, Vital, Delicate, Vulnerable\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Oceanus Magazine\u003c/strong>, Woods Hole Oceanic Institution. Amazing images of different pteropods -- a great jumping off point for an art project.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://footprint-calculator.islandwood.org/\">Ecological Footprint Calculator\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Islandwood\u003c/strong>. Calculate your ecological footprint and understand how the choices you make affect the size of your footprint on the earth. This is a simple survey that kids can complete themselves.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/ind-calculator.html\">Household Carbon Footprint Calculator\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/strong>. Calculate an estimate of your family’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/glossary.html#GreenhouseGas\">greenhouse gas\u003c/a> emissions and explore the impact of taking various actions to reduce your \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/glossary.html#Emissions\">emissions\u003c/a>. This survey might need help from adults at home.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3> Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Apply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing a human impact on the environment. \u003cstrong>MS-ESS3-3\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> Human activities have significantly altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging or destroying natural habitats and causing the extinction of other species. But changes to Earth’s environments can have different impacts (negative and positive) for different living things. \u003cstrong>ESS3.C Human Impacts on Earth’s Systems\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Cause and effect\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/67114/pteropods-very-small-and-very-important","authors":["69132"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_485","quest_12553","quest_621","quest_12608","quest_10578","quest_2035","quest_12610","quest_12609","quest_12146","quest_9872","quest_3071"],"collections":["quest_12656"],"featImg":"quest_67115","label":"source_quest_67114"},"quest_65409":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_65409","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"65409","score":null,"sort":[1389711622000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sea-otters-urchins-kelp-climate-change","title":"Sea Otters v. Climate Change","publishDate":1389711622,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://sfgreenfilmfest.org/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-69837 alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/SFGFF2014-Laurels-G-WEBx120.png\" alt=\"SFGFF2014-Laurels-G-WEBx120\" width=\"173\" height=\"120\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71013 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Quest_EMMYwin.jpg\" alt=\"Quest_EMMYwin\" width=\"173\" height=\"120\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people talk about sea otters, the words “cute,” “cuddly,” and “curious” often come to mind. But now you can add another descriptor to that list -- climate change fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the West Coast these aquatic acrobats have become a surprising vanguard in the fight to strike at the root cause of climate change trends. And their heartwarming tale illustrates a much larger story about the ways wildlife conservation can also combat climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65867\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 251px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65867 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Kelp.jpg\" alt=\"Kelp\" width=\"251\" height=\"377\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Kelp.jpg 1023w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Kelp-400x602.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Kelp-800x1204.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Kelp-960x1444.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kelp is an efficient absorber of CO2. Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/usoceangov/4115872878/\">NOAA's National Ocean Service.\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here’s how otters do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change is the result of a buildup of heat-trapping gases in our atmosphere. One of the most significant contributors to this phenomenon is carbon dioxide (CO2), a gas emitted by coal-burning power plants and automobiles, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelp forests, where otters hang out, are some of the most efficient absorbers of carbon dioxide known. Like any land-based forest, kelp forests sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, transforming it into the energy they need to build their leafy structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these kelp forests are at risk from sea urchins: small, spiky marine animals that \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/videos/Video.aspx?enc=0ZZ+8rD1Fka3lFIWLOyL9w\">love munching on kelp\u003c/a>. With no predators around, sea urchin populations can multiply, forming herds that sweep across the ocean floor devouring entire stands of kelp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, sea otters have an appetite for urchins. The otters help keep urchin populations in check, allowing kelp to flourish and capture more CO2. \u003ca href=\"http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/110176\">According to a recent study\u003c/a>, otter-supported kelp forests can absorb up to 12 times more CO2 from the atmosphere than if they were just left to the urchins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65868\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 422px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-65868 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Urchins.jpg\" alt=\"Urchins\" width=\"422\" height=\"317\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Urchins.jpg 1448w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Urchins-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Urchins-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Urchins-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Urchins-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Urchins-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Urchins along the seafloor. Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/cowhntrx/3658691693/in/photostream/\">tinatinatinatinatina.\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For a time, otters were not around to eat urchins. Sea otters were nearly hunted to extinction during the fur trade in the 18th and 19th centuries. But through conservation efforts, sea otters have been restored to much of their historic range in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea otters play a small role in mitigating global climate change, but their impact points to a larger lesson: wildlife conservation can save vegetation needed to reduce CO2. Whether it is pumas, jaguars, and eagles in the forests of Venezuela that keep understory browsers in check, grey wolves keeping willow-munching elk on their toes in Yellowstone National Park, or otters guarding kelp along the coast, these non-human neighbors can foster plant growth that leads to more carbon capture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with sea otters, the effort to mitigate climate change through top predators has never been so adorable.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Discover the surprising connection between sea otters, kelp forests, and our quest to slow the progress of climate change.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1455129918,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":433},"headData":{"title":"Sea Otters v. Climate Change | KQED","description":"Discover the surprising connection between sea otters, kelp forests, and our quest to slow the progress of climate change.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"65409 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=65409","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/01/14/sea-otters-urchins-kelp-climate-change/","disqusTitle":"Sea Otters v. Climate Change","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHOmbAMkCJs","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/65409/sea-otters-urchins-kelp-climate-change","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://sfgreenfilmfest.org/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-69837 alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/SFGFF2014-Laurels-G-WEBx120.png\" alt=\"SFGFF2014-Laurels-G-WEBx120\" width=\"173\" height=\"120\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71013 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Quest_EMMYwin.jpg\" alt=\"Quest_EMMYwin\" width=\"173\" height=\"120\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people talk about sea otters, the words “cute,” “cuddly,” and “curious” often come to mind. But now you can add another descriptor to that list -- climate change fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the West Coast these aquatic acrobats have become a surprising vanguard in the fight to strike at the root cause of climate change trends. And their heartwarming tale illustrates a much larger story about the ways wildlife conservation can also combat climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65867\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 251px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65867 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Kelp.jpg\" alt=\"Kelp\" width=\"251\" height=\"377\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Kelp.jpg 1023w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Kelp-400x602.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Kelp-800x1204.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Kelp-960x1444.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kelp is an efficient absorber of CO2. Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/usoceangov/4115872878/\">NOAA's National Ocean Service.\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here’s how otters do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change is the result of a buildup of heat-trapping gases in our atmosphere. One of the most significant contributors to this phenomenon is carbon dioxide (CO2), a gas emitted by coal-burning power plants and automobiles, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelp forests, where otters hang out, are some of the most efficient absorbers of carbon dioxide known. Like any land-based forest, kelp forests sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, transforming it into the energy they need to build their leafy structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these kelp forests are at risk from sea urchins: small, spiky marine animals that \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/videos/Video.aspx?enc=0ZZ+8rD1Fka3lFIWLOyL9w\">love munching on kelp\u003c/a>. With no predators around, sea urchin populations can multiply, forming herds that sweep across the ocean floor devouring entire stands of kelp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, sea otters have an appetite for urchins. The otters help keep urchin populations in check, allowing kelp to flourish and capture more CO2. \u003ca href=\"http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/110176\">According to a recent study\u003c/a>, otter-supported kelp forests can absorb up to 12 times more CO2 from the atmosphere than if they were just left to the urchins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65868\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 422px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-65868 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Urchins.jpg\" alt=\"Urchins\" width=\"422\" height=\"317\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Urchins.jpg 1448w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Urchins-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Urchins-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Urchins-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Urchins-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Urchins-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Urchins along the seafloor. Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/cowhntrx/3658691693/in/photostream/\">tinatinatinatinatina.\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For a time, otters were not around to eat urchins. Sea otters were nearly hunted to extinction during the fur trade in the 18th and 19th centuries. But through conservation efforts, sea otters have been restored to much of their historic range in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea otters play a small role in mitigating global climate change, but their impact points to a larger lesson: wildlife conservation can save vegetation needed to reduce CO2. Whether it is pumas, jaguars, and eagles in the forests of Venezuela that keep understory browsers in check, grey wolves keeping willow-munching elk on their toes in Yellowstone National Park, or otters guarding kelp along the coast, these non-human neighbors can foster plant growth that leads to more carbon capture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with sea otters, the effort to mitigate climate change through top predators has never been so adorable.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/65409/sea-otters-urchins-kelp-climate-change","authors":["10446"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_6","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_485","quest_10037","quest_12553","quest_621","quest_11940","quest_12608","quest_12269","quest_12554","quest_12239","quest_12687","quest_12551","quest_2275","quest_2291","quest_12146","quest_12686","quest_12552","quest_12550","quest_9872","quest_3813","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_65799","label":"source_quest_65409"},"quest_57639":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_57639","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"57639","score":null,"sort":[1379692842000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-seattle-seawall-project-transforming-salmon-habitat","title":"The Seattle Seawall Project: Transforming Salmon Habitat","publishDate":1379692842,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60196\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-60196 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733.jpg\" alt=\"salmon\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rockfish and salmon in the underwater dome at the Seattle Aquarium. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/62967061@N00/203572652/in/photolist-iZn4j-iZn4k-pjbZ5-pjbZ9-pmi4J-BrUgw-DvCRG-DvFos-Nd6Fo-Nd6JW-Nd6Nh-Nd6W1-Nd73d-Nd7bE-Nd7gm-Nd7hh-Nd7mb-Nd7Gb-Nda7K-NdabX-Ndaf6-Ndauc-NdaBv-NdaHB-NdaLF-Ndb2F-Ndb74-NdbdZ-258NyY-25J42r-25J42M-25J44B-25NmAC-25NmCo-2BTVxm-2Ws15T-2YQott-31kjTT-31pSWC-35Vduj-3buxmC-3dYszW-3eScNa-46WPBK-46WPE6-46WPGk-46WPJZ-471V59-471V7s-471Vaf-471Vmf/\">Merelymel13\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salmon are keystone species that deliver vital nutrients to the soil and support the local economy. These fish have been a cultural icon since the earliest days of human settlement in the Pacific Northwest. But the salmon’s preservation has not always been a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, \u003ca href=\"http://weber.s.uw.edu/research/publications/ms_phd/Goff_M_MS_Su10.pdf\">68 percent\u003c/a> of Seattle’s shoreline habitat was destroyed by the construction of the Elliott Bay Seawall. It was intended to prevent shore erosion and enable waterfront development, but the seawall also decimated salmon populations, reducing them by \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/staff/lackey/pubs/illusion.htm#Introduction\">90 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a major urban reconstruction project, including the replacement of the seawall, offers hope for the salmon by creating a more hospitable migratory corridor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60230\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 426px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-60230 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03.png\" alt=\"light penetration 03\" width=\"426\" height=\"296\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03.png 875w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03-400x278.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03-800x556.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Sun penetrates the sidewalk and connects human and marine realms.\u003cbr>Right: Some wavelengths (colors) of light penetrate water deeper than others.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>“We needed to replace the seawall. It’s the face of our waterfront,” says Jessica Murphy, project manager of \u003ca href=\"http://waterfrontseattle.org/\">Waterfront Seattle\u003c/a>. “This is a unique opportunity to replace habitat that was lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murphy coordinates a team of marine scientists and engineers in Seattle developing an innovative construction plan to address three main problems that the migrating salmon currently face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shaded Shoreline Habitat\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Juvenile salmon \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/docs/seawall/may11/Habitat%20Fact%20Sheet%20-%20Stakeholder%20Meeting%204.pdf\">can’t see well\u003c/a> in the dark, and piers, sidewalks, and other structures shroud about \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattleaquarium.org/donor-newsletter/may-2013\">60 percent\u003c/a> of the downtown shoreline in darkness. To avoid swimming blindly, juveniles swim around these structures into deeper waters where they face food competition from larger fish and predation from harbor seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glass blocks inserted into the sidewalks offer a solution. The glass blocks will allow light to penetrate from the sidewalk into the water and create a safe, well-lit path for the salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60206\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-60206 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Habitat-Bench-3.jpg\" alt=\"Habitat Bench (3)\" width=\"378\" height=\"442\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A salmon corridor along the seawall's edge affords juveniles a safe journey to the sea.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barren Shores\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Juvenile salmon eat the zooplankton and other invertebrates that congregate near marine and shoreline plants. But few plants can grow in the shadow of waterfront structures, and there is little shoreline vegetation amid the bustling business landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New light-penetrating sidewalks will help plants grow underwater. Plans to create \u003ca href=\"http://www.sera17.ext.vt.edu/Documents/BMP_Riparian_Zones.pdf\">riparian zones\u003c/a> include planting trees and shrubs along the banks and planters along the walkway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The greening of the waterfront will not only support salmon but also reduce shoreline erosion, improve water quality, and add to the beauty of Seattle’s shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deep Waters\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Much of Elliott Bay is very deep to allow ships to dock, but juvenile salmon prefer shallow water where they can find food and shelter. Engineers will manufacture a “bench” around the edge of the seawall, approximately two and one-half feet below the surface, creating a shallow migration corridor for returning salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These ambitious waterfront plans may take years to complete, but the design team is confident the changes will create a more prosperous future for the salmon that pass through Seattle’s Puget Sound. From the Duwamish River to the open ocean, salmon will have a safer and more suitable migration route, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/seawall.htm\">Elliot Bay Seawall Project\u003c/a> could become a model for urban waterfronts around the world.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Seattle’s urban waterfront -- a noisy highway viaduct and failing seawall -- is being transformed to create a welcoming environment for salmon and people.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443823647,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":541},"headData":{"title":"The Seattle Seawall Project: Transforming Salmon Habitat | KQED","description":"Seattle’s urban waterfront -- a noisy highway viaduct and failing seawall -- is being transformed to create a welcoming environment for salmon and people.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"57639 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=57639","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/09/20/the-seattle-seawall-project-transforming-salmon-habitat/","disqusTitle":"The Seattle Seawall Project: Transforming Salmon Habitat","path":"/quest/57639/the-seattle-seawall-project-transforming-salmon-habitat","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60196\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-60196 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733.jpg\" alt=\"salmon\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rockfish and salmon in the underwater dome at the Seattle Aquarium. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/62967061@N00/203572652/in/photolist-iZn4j-iZn4k-pjbZ5-pjbZ9-pmi4J-BrUgw-DvCRG-DvFos-Nd6Fo-Nd6JW-Nd6Nh-Nd6W1-Nd73d-Nd7bE-Nd7gm-Nd7hh-Nd7mb-Nd7Gb-Nda7K-NdabX-Ndaf6-Ndauc-NdaBv-NdaHB-NdaLF-Ndb2F-Ndb74-NdbdZ-258NyY-25J42r-25J42M-25J44B-25NmAC-25NmCo-2BTVxm-2Ws15T-2YQott-31kjTT-31pSWC-35Vduj-3buxmC-3dYszW-3eScNa-46WPBK-46WPE6-46WPGk-46WPJZ-471V59-471V7s-471Vaf-471Vmf/\">Merelymel13\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salmon are keystone species that deliver vital nutrients to the soil and support the local economy. These fish have been a cultural icon since the earliest days of human settlement in the Pacific Northwest. But the salmon’s preservation has not always been a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, \u003ca href=\"http://weber.s.uw.edu/research/publications/ms_phd/Goff_M_MS_Su10.pdf\">68 percent\u003c/a> of Seattle’s shoreline habitat was destroyed by the construction of the Elliott Bay Seawall. It was intended to prevent shore erosion and enable waterfront development, but the seawall also decimated salmon populations, reducing them by \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/staff/lackey/pubs/illusion.htm#Introduction\">90 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a major urban reconstruction project, including the replacement of the seawall, offers hope for the salmon by creating a more hospitable migratory corridor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60230\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 426px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-60230 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03.png\" alt=\"light penetration 03\" width=\"426\" height=\"296\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03.png 875w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03-400x278.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03-800x556.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Sun penetrates the sidewalk and connects human and marine realms.\u003cbr>Right: Some wavelengths (colors) of light penetrate water deeper than others.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>“We needed to replace the seawall. It’s the face of our waterfront,” says Jessica Murphy, project manager of \u003ca href=\"http://waterfrontseattle.org/\">Waterfront Seattle\u003c/a>. “This is a unique opportunity to replace habitat that was lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murphy coordinates a team of marine scientists and engineers in Seattle developing an innovative construction plan to address three main problems that the migrating salmon currently face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shaded Shoreline Habitat\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Juvenile salmon \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/docs/seawall/may11/Habitat%20Fact%20Sheet%20-%20Stakeholder%20Meeting%204.pdf\">can’t see well\u003c/a> in the dark, and piers, sidewalks, and other structures shroud about \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattleaquarium.org/donor-newsletter/may-2013\">60 percent\u003c/a> of the downtown shoreline in darkness. To avoid swimming blindly, juveniles swim around these structures into deeper waters where they face food competition from larger fish and predation from harbor seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glass blocks inserted into the sidewalks offer a solution. The glass blocks will allow light to penetrate from the sidewalk into the water and create a safe, well-lit path for the salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60206\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-60206 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Habitat-Bench-3.jpg\" alt=\"Habitat Bench (3)\" width=\"378\" height=\"442\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A salmon corridor along the seawall's edge affords juveniles a safe journey to the sea.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barren Shores\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Juvenile salmon eat the zooplankton and other invertebrates that congregate near marine and shoreline plants. But few plants can grow in the shadow of waterfront structures, and there is little shoreline vegetation amid the bustling business landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New light-penetrating sidewalks will help plants grow underwater. Plans to create \u003ca href=\"http://www.sera17.ext.vt.edu/Documents/BMP_Riparian_Zones.pdf\">riparian zones\u003c/a> include planting trees and shrubs along the banks and planters along the walkway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The greening of the waterfront will not only support salmon but also reduce shoreline erosion, improve water quality, and add to the beauty of Seattle’s shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deep Waters\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Much of Elliott Bay is very deep to allow ships to dock, but juvenile salmon prefer shallow water where they can find food and shelter. Engineers will manufacture a “bench” around the edge of the seawall, approximately two and one-half feet below the surface, creating a shallow migration corridor for returning salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These ambitious waterfront plans may take years to complete, but the design team is confident the changes will create a more prosperous future for the salmon that pass through Seattle’s Puget Sound. From the Duwamish River to the open ocean, salmon will have a safer and more suitable migration route, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/seawall.htm\">Elliot Bay Seawall Project\u003c/a> could become a model for urban waterfronts around the world.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/57639/the-seattle-seawall-project-transforming-salmon-habitat","authors":["10471"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_12505","quest_12147","quest_13197","quest_12269","quest_1293","quest_12506","quest_12238","quest_12239","quest_2349","quest_12146","quest_3736","quest_2477","quest_12148","quest_9872","quest_12240"],"featImg":"quest_60196","label":"quest"},"quest_20828":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_20828","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"20828","score":null,"sort":[1311114377000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"cultural-differences-in-northwest-orcas","title":"Cultural Differences in Northwest Orcas","publishDate":1311114377,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Cultural Differences in Northwest Orcas | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22319\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/LarsonDarcie-CulturalDifferences-REPLACEMENT-IMAGE_whale.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22319\" title=\"LarsonDarcie-CulturalDifferences-REPLACEMENT IMAGE_whale\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/LarsonDarcie-CulturalDifferences-REPLACEMENT-IMAGE_whale-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Department of Commerce. Photograph by Captain Budd Christman, NOAA Corps\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SEATTLE, Wash.—A few years ago, I worked as a naturalist on boats in the San Juan Islands, in northwest Washington State. I was lucky enough to watch the resident orca pods, named J, K and L in the wild with all of their unique natural behaviors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orcas are a particularly fascinating animal to study because of their social complexities. They live with their mother and her family their whole lives and each family has their own “dialect” of calls. Scientists have made the case in peer-reviewed journals for the existence of culture in some cetaceans including orcas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups of orcas can share the same habitat but not interact with each other at all; the salmon-eating resident pods don’t intermingle with the so-called “transient” orcas that prey on marine mammals, yet they are regularly found traversing the same waters within days or even hours of each other. As far as scientists can tell, they are the same species, yet they avoid each other completely and stick with their own cultural diet preferences religiously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether on a boat or from the shore at \u003ca href=\"http://www.thesanjuans.com/san-juan-island-places/sanjuan-parks-forest/lime-kiln-state-park.shtml\">Lime Kiln State Park\u003c/a> on the west side of San Juan Island, I was able to observe the orca’s behaviors. Breaching is one of the orca’s more dramatic behaviors, where it propels its full body up and out of the water, then lands with a great splash. Another unique behavior is called spy-hopping, where the orca sticks its head up and looks around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also many subtle behaviors to observe. Sometimes I’d see a whale just floating motionless at the surface, or “logging.” It’s not often that you can hear an orca’s calls above the water, but on that day, I was lucky enough to hear a nearby logging whale vocalizing from the surface. Was she aware that humans could hear her? Was she perhaps trying to engage with us in some way? I couldn’t help but speculate about what might be going on in her mind even though I realize that her vocalizations probably had nothing to do with humans despite my “wishful thinking” that she was trying to communicate with me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One summer, a few Southern Resident orcas started a fad of carrying a salmon around on their heads. One whale started it and soon, all of the “cool kids” were doing it. It didn’t seem to be hunting practice or serve any practical purpose. Was it a game to see how long you could carry the salmon without dropping it? We don’t have definitive answers at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another example of unique orca behavior involves a “rubbing beach” used by Northern Resident orcas. The beach is located at Robson Bight in the Johnstone Strait region of northern Vancouver Island, Canada. Pods of orcas visit the area and spend time rubbing their bodies across the smooth pebbles just below the surface of the water. Why do they do this? We can’t say for sure, but it could feel good to the orcas, much like a day at the spa. There are health benefits to massage for humans, so perhaps the orcas have introduced a similar concept here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People have long speculated that there may be a rubbing beach used by Southern Residents somewhere, but if there is, no one has proof of it yet. In fact, I don’t know of any other orcas that have a rubbing beach like the Northern Residents. Perhaps it is a unique component of their culture, kind of like here in Seattle where we wear our polar fleece jackets to everything from a hike in the mountains to a fancy dinner downtown.\u003cbr>\nThough humans and orcas are very different species, what affects us also affects the orcas and their natural environment, and unfortunately their environment has become significantly altered over time. The environmental problems affecting Puget Sound and the waters throughout the world can seem overwhelming, but luckily I am a part of a culture at \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattleaquarium.org/\">the Seattle Aquarium\u003c/a> that values conservation and marine life. Culture is an important part of what it means to be human, and I think it’s pretty cool that we share that with orcas.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Even though different groups of orcas in the Pacific Northwest often share the same waters, they don’t interact outside of their group, follow a distinct diet and demonstrate unique behaviors. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684973991,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":749},"headData":{"title":"Cultural Differences in Northwest Orcas | KQED","description":"Even though different groups of orcas in the Pacific Northwest often share the same waters, they don’t interact outside of their group, follow a distinct diet and demonstrate unique behaviors. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/20828/cultural-differences-in-northwest-orcas","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22319\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/LarsonDarcie-CulturalDifferences-REPLACEMENT-IMAGE_whale.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22319\" title=\"LarsonDarcie-CulturalDifferences-REPLACEMENT IMAGE_whale\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/LarsonDarcie-CulturalDifferences-REPLACEMENT-IMAGE_whale-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Department of Commerce. Photograph by Captain Budd Christman, NOAA Corps\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SEATTLE, Wash.—A few years ago, I worked as a naturalist on boats in the San Juan Islands, in northwest Washington State. I was lucky enough to watch the resident orca pods, named J, K and L in the wild with all of their unique natural behaviors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orcas are a particularly fascinating animal to study because of their social complexities. They live with their mother and her family their whole lives and each family has their own “dialect” of calls. Scientists have made the case in peer-reviewed journals for the existence of culture in some cetaceans including orcas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups of orcas can share the same habitat but not interact with each other at all; the salmon-eating resident pods don’t intermingle with the so-called “transient” orcas that prey on marine mammals, yet they are regularly found traversing the same waters within days or even hours of each other. As far as scientists can tell, they are the same species, yet they avoid each other completely and stick with their own cultural diet preferences religiously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether on a boat or from the shore at \u003ca href=\"http://www.thesanjuans.com/san-juan-island-places/sanjuan-parks-forest/lime-kiln-state-park.shtml\">Lime Kiln State Park\u003c/a> on the west side of San Juan Island, I was able to observe the orca’s behaviors. Breaching is one of the orca’s more dramatic behaviors, where it propels its full body up and out of the water, then lands with a great splash. Another unique behavior is called spy-hopping, where the orca sticks its head up and looks around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also many subtle behaviors to observe. Sometimes I’d see a whale just floating motionless at the surface, or “logging.” It’s not often that you can hear an orca’s calls above the water, but on that day, I was lucky enough to hear a nearby logging whale vocalizing from the surface. Was she aware that humans could hear her? Was she perhaps trying to engage with us in some way? I couldn’t help but speculate about what might be going on in her mind even though I realize that her vocalizations probably had nothing to do with humans despite my “wishful thinking” that she was trying to communicate with me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One summer, a few Southern Resident orcas started a fad of carrying a salmon around on their heads. One whale started it and soon, all of the “cool kids” were doing it. It didn’t seem to be hunting practice or serve any practical purpose. Was it a game to see how long you could carry the salmon without dropping it? We don’t have definitive answers at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another example of unique orca behavior involves a “rubbing beach” used by Northern Resident orcas. The beach is located at Robson Bight in the Johnstone Strait region of northern Vancouver Island, Canada. Pods of orcas visit the area and spend time rubbing their bodies across the smooth pebbles just below the surface of the water. Why do they do this? We can’t say for sure, but it could feel good to the orcas, much like a day at the spa. There are health benefits to massage for humans, so perhaps the orcas have introduced a similar concept here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People have long speculated that there may be a rubbing beach used by Southern Residents somewhere, but if there is, no one has proof of it yet. In fact, I don’t know of any other orcas that have a rubbing beach like the Northern Residents. Perhaps it is a unique component of their culture, kind of like here in Seattle where we wear our polar fleece jackets to everything from a hike in the mountains to a fancy dinner downtown.\u003cbr>\nThough humans and orcas are very different species, what affects us also affects the orcas and their natural environment, and unfortunately their environment has become significantly altered over time. The environmental problems affecting Puget Sound and the waters throughout the world can seem overwhelming, but luckily I am a part of a culture at \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattleaquarium.org/\">the Seattle Aquarium\u003c/a> that values conservation and marine life. Culture is an important part of what it means to be human, and I think it’s pretty cool that we share that with orcas.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/20828/cultural-differences-in-northwest-orcas","authors":["10241"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_9874","quest_326","quest_9875","quest_9876","quest_3933","quest_1569","quest_3351","quest_2086","quest_9855","quest_2349","quest_12146","quest_3288","quest_9878","quest_9872","quest_9877"],"featImg":"quest_22319","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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