Side Trips from Interstate 5: Great Valley Rivers and Grasslands
Waterways of the Largest Estuary on the West Coast
Side Trips from Interstate 5: The Deep San Joaquin Valley
The Unique Geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
San Francisco Bay Slowly Recovering From Gold Rush Miners' Devastating Legacy
Geologic Context and History of the San Joaquin River
Restoration of the San Joaquin River
Producer's Notes: Restoration of the San Joaquin River
Sponsored
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Lindsay graduated with honors from Northwestern’s Radio, TV, and Film department.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/58f84d90c37fac0580527a0cb97d2cc3?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lindsay Kelliher | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/58f84d90c37fac0580527a0cb97d2cc3?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/58f84d90c37fac0580527a0cb97d2cc3?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lindsay-kelliher"},"jon-fromer":{"type":"authors","id":"10214","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10214","found":true},"name":"Jon Fromer","firstName":"Jon","lastName":"Fromer","slug":"jon-fromer","email":"jfromer@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Jon Fromer has been producing compelling television since 1970. He started out at KRON-TV when it was the Bay Area NBC affiliate and worked there for 23 years. He’s been with KQED for the past 16 years. Jon’s work has a human touch that has earned him high ratings from viewers as well from his peers in the broadcast industry. He’s received honors for a wide range of work, from documentaries and news programs to youth series and cultural specials. A partial list of awards for Jon’s work includes a dozen Northern California EMMYs and one national EMMY as well as two Iris Awards from the National Assoc. of Television Program Executives and two Broadcast Industry Awards. His long running, hip hop based/issue oriented series for teenagers, “Home Turf,” was a 4-time winner at the American Children’s Television Festival. Jon is also an award-winning singer/songwriter and guitarist.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/756edca05c3130ee8572e7e73a31eacb?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jon Fromer | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/756edca05c3130ee8572e7e73a31eacb?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/756edca05c3130ee8572e7e73a31eacb?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jon-fromer"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_52178":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_52178","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"52178","score":null,"sort":[1365707162000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands","title":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: Great Valley Rivers and Grasslands","publishDate":1365707162,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Springtime is my favorite time to see the floor of the Great Valley. If the weather is fine, the temperatures are moderate and the mountains on both sides of the valley—the Coast Range and the Sierra Nevada—are visible wherever you can get a clear view of the horizon. Such were conditions when I took this side trip from I-5, which leaves the freeway at the Patterson exit, in Stanislaus County, and returns to it at the Mercey Springs Road exit, in Merced County. Along the way it crosses two of the Valley's major rivers and the heart of its wetlands. Both ends are at the dramatic uplifted front of the Coast Range, exposing the thick section of sedimentary rocks that lie beneath that flat valley floor and record its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the route along with the geology (made, as usual, with the help of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.quake.ca.gov/gmaps/GMC/stategeologicmap.html\">interactive state geologic map\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52179\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/grassrivermaps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52179\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-52179\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps.png\" alt=\"Route map and geologic map.\" width=\"640\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps-400x344.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Great Valley Sequence rocks are upturned along the east edge of the Coast Range, increasing in age to the west: QPc, Quaternary-Pliocene continental sediment; E, Eocene marine rocks; Ep, Paleocene marine rocks; Ku, Cretaceous marine rocks. Qoa, aprons of old alluvium. The main valley floor is young alluvial sediment. The area east of Irwin is Ice Age sand from the Merced River. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Drive through Patterson and get on Las Palmas Avenue. This may be the Valley's grandest allee of palm trees, although there's another one near Chowchilla you could see in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/\">another I-5 side trip\u003c/a>. (Note to geologists: Turlock has an excellent brewpub if your trip calls for one.) Once out of town, you enter some of California's hardest-working farmland, based on excellent soils and abundant water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South of Turlock, keep an eye on the roadside and notice as the soil turns sandy. Just below the \"165\" mark, you cross the Merced River, which is responsible for all that sand, marked on the geologic map by the lighter patch. Here Hagaman County Park offers a good view of the river, which still flows at a good clip all this way from Yosemite Valley. Notice, too, the levee north of the river, which keeps the annual floods from spilling wide over the countryside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/mercedriver/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52181\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52181\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver.jpg\" alt=\"mercedriver\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South of State Route 140 at the edge of the sand unit, the road crosses the San Joaquin River and enters the moist bottomland of the San Joaquin Valley. From here almost all the way to Los Banos is widespread tule marsh. Water is harvested from here and pumped to the San Luis Reservoir to regulate flow in the canals that serve the farms. That little squiggle of roadway west of 165 is actually the levee paths in Great Valley Grasslands State Park, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=25155\">six-mile walk\u003c/a> through a patch of the habitat that once covered vast stretches of the Valley. The path takes you along the San Joaquin River itself, much quieter than the Merced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/sjriver/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52183\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52183\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver.jpg\" alt=\"SJriver\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grasslands include some vernal pools: shallow basins that fill with water in the winter and dry out slowly over the course of the spring, offering habitat for a great variety of plants and animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/vernalpool/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52184\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52184\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool.jpg\" alt=\"vernalpool\" width=\"600\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool-400x233.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter was very dry, so the pools were not spectacular. As I walked I was reminded of William Brewer's \u003ca href=\"http://upanddowncalifornia.wordpress.com/2013/04/09/april-9-1863-kings-river/\">description of this country exactly 150 years earlier\u003c/a>: \"We rode upward of thirty miles without any tree or bush—except once a single small willow was visible for two hours, but we passed nearly two miles from it; it was a mere speck. Hour after hour we plodded on. The road was good but a dead level—no hill or ridge ten feet high relieved the even surface—no house, no tree—one hour was but like the next—it was like the ocean, but it depressed the spirits more.\" But then I spotted a nice patch of goldfields and gave my camera a treat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/goldfields/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52185\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52185\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields.jpg\" alt=\"goldfields\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Banos, the Los Banos County Park just a few blocks west on route 152 has a museum, as well as bathrooms and shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/hornito/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52186\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52186\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito.jpg\" alt=\"hornito\" width=\"500\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito-400x289.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Los Baños\" means \"the baths,\" and it got its name from the clear pools in Los Banos Creek where it leaves the Coast Range, so refreshing to Father Arroyo in the Mission days that he made a point of returning regularly. Today everyone has bathtubs and it's hard to imagine being excited by such a thing. Father Arroyo's baths were soon erased as the creek was dammed, an early step in the immense and still incomplete project of harnessing and managing California's water. Los Banos Creek Reservoir is just west of the lowest I-5 symbol on the map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The steep face of the Laguna Seca Hills, eastern rampart of the Coast Range, looms as route 165 approaches the freeway again. Along the road you may notice long piles of white rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/diatomitepile/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52187\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52187\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile.jpg\" alt=\"diatomitepile\" width=\"600\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile-400x246.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pull over and take a look at some. It's \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/rocks/ig/sedrockindex/diatomite.htm\">diatomite\u003c/a>, a styrofoam-light rock made exclusively of microscopic diatom shells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/diatomite/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52188\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52188\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite.jpg\" alt=\"diatomite\" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This material testifies to a long-lived, quiet brackish or alkaline lake that existed here millions of years ago. Different accidents of tectonics have turned the Valley, at various times in the geologic past, into a freshwater lake, an inland sea or a dry desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quarry that yields this material is up in the Laguna Seca Hills just behind this view; you can see it in Google Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/lagunasecahills/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52189\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52189\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills.jpg\" alt=\"lagunasecahills\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state geologic map shows that the Laguna Seca Hills expose an unusually complete and compact cross section of the Great Valley Sequence. If only we could access the rocks! But it's private land, and anyway here's the freeway again.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It takes a million years to make a land this big and flat. Take a few hours to experience it.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366389096,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":957},"headData":{"title":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: Great Valley Rivers and Grasslands | KQED","description":"It takes a million years to make a land this big and flat. Take a few hours to experience it.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"52178 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=52178","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/","disqusTitle":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: Great Valley Rivers and Grasslands","path":"/quest/52178/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Springtime is my favorite time to see the floor of the Great Valley. If the weather is fine, the temperatures are moderate and the mountains on both sides of the valley—the Coast Range and the Sierra Nevada—are visible wherever you can get a clear view of the horizon. Such were conditions when I took this side trip from I-5, which leaves the freeway at the Patterson exit, in Stanislaus County, and returns to it at the Mercey Springs Road exit, in Merced County. Along the way it crosses two of the Valley's major rivers and the heart of its wetlands. Both ends are at the dramatic uplifted front of the Coast Range, exposing the thick section of sedimentary rocks that lie beneath that flat valley floor and record its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the route along with the geology (made, as usual, with the help of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.quake.ca.gov/gmaps/GMC/stategeologicmap.html\">interactive state geologic map\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52179\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/grassrivermaps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52179\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-52179\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps.png\" alt=\"Route map and geologic map.\" width=\"640\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps-400x344.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Great Valley Sequence rocks are upturned along the east edge of the Coast Range, increasing in age to the west: QPc, Quaternary-Pliocene continental sediment; E, Eocene marine rocks; Ep, Paleocene marine rocks; Ku, Cretaceous marine rocks. Qoa, aprons of old alluvium. The main valley floor is young alluvial sediment. The area east of Irwin is Ice Age sand from the Merced River. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Drive through Patterson and get on Las Palmas Avenue. This may be the Valley's grandest allee of palm trees, although there's another one near Chowchilla you could see in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/\">another I-5 side trip\u003c/a>. (Note to geologists: Turlock has an excellent brewpub if your trip calls for one.) Once out of town, you enter some of California's hardest-working farmland, based on excellent soils and abundant water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South of Turlock, keep an eye on the roadside and notice as the soil turns sandy. Just below the \"165\" mark, you cross the Merced River, which is responsible for all that sand, marked on the geologic map by the lighter patch. Here Hagaman County Park offers a good view of the river, which still flows at a good clip all this way from Yosemite Valley. Notice, too, the levee north of the river, which keeps the annual floods from spilling wide over the countryside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/mercedriver/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52181\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52181\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver.jpg\" alt=\"mercedriver\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South of State Route 140 at the edge of the sand unit, the road crosses the San Joaquin River and enters the moist bottomland of the San Joaquin Valley. From here almost all the way to Los Banos is widespread tule marsh. Water is harvested from here and pumped to the San Luis Reservoir to regulate flow in the canals that serve the farms. That little squiggle of roadway west of 165 is actually the levee paths in Great Valley Grasslands State Park, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=25155\">six-mile walk\u003c/a> through a patch of the habitat that once covered vast stretches of the Valley. The path takes you along the San Joaquin River itself, much quieter than the Merced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/sjriver/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52183\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52183\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver.jpg\" alt=\"SJriver\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grasslands include some vernal pools: shallow basins that fill with water in the winter and dry out slowly over the course of the spring, offering habitat for a great variety of plants and animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/vernalpool/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52184\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52184\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool.jpg\" alt=\"vernalpool\" width=\"600\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool-400x233.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter was very dry, so the pools were not spectacular. As I walked I was reminded of William Brewer's \u003ca href=\"http://upanddowncalifornia.wordpress.com/2013/04/09/april-9-1863-kings-river/\">description of this country exactly 150 years earlier\u003c/a>: \"We rode upward of thirty miles without any tree or bush—except once a single small willow was visible for two hours, but we passed nearly two miles from it; it was a mere speck. Hour after hour we plodded on. The road was good but a dead level—no hill or ridge ten feet high relieved the even surface—no house, no tree—one hour was but like the next—it was like the ocean, but it depressed the spirits more.\" But then I spotted a nice patch of goldfields and gave my camera a treat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/goldfields/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52185\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52185\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields.jpg\" alt=\"goldfields\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Banos, the Los Banos County Park just a few blocks west on route 152 has a museum, as well as bathrooms and shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/hornito/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52186\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52186\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito.jpg\" alt=\"hornito\" width=\"500\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito-400x289.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Los Baños\" means \"the baths,\" and it got its name from the clear pools in Los Banos Creek where it leaves the Coast Range, so refreshing to Father Arroyo in the Mission days that he made a point of returning regularly. Today everyone has bathtubs and it's hard to imagine being excited by such a thing. Father Arroyo's baths were soon erased as the creek was dammed, an early step in the immense and still incomplete project of harnessing and managing California's water. Los Banos Creek Reservoir is just west of the lowest I-5 symbol on the map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The steep face of the Laguna Seca Hills, eastern rampart of the Coast Range, looms as route 165 approaches the freeway again. Along the road you may notice long piles of white rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/diatomitepile/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52187\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52187\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile.jpg\" alt=\"diatomitepile\" width=\"600\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile-400x246.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pull over and take a look at some. It's \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/rocks/ig/sedrockindex/diatomite.htm\">diatomite\u003c/a>, a styrofoam-light rock made exclusively of microscopic diatom shells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/diatomite/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52188\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52188\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite.jpg\" alt=\"diatomite\" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This material testifies to a long-lived, quiet brackish or alkaline lake that existed here millions of years ago. Different accidents of tectonics have turned the Valley, at various times in the geologic past, into a freshwater lake, an inland sea or a dry desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quarry that yields this material is up in the Laguna Seca Hills just behind this view; you can see it in Google Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/lagunasecahills/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52189\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52189\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills.jpg\" alt=\"lagunasecahills\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state geologic map shows that the Laguna Seca Hills expose an unusually complete and compact cross section of the Great Valley Sequence. If only we could access the rocks! But it's private land, and anyway here's the freeway again.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/52178/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_21","quest_11897","quest_11896","quest_11518","quest_11899","quest_11898","quest_33","quest_10793","quest_3814"],"featImg":"quest_52203","label":"quest"},"quest_43059":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_43059","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"43059","score":null,"sort":[1346425222000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast","title":"Waterways of the Largest Estuary on the West Coast","publishDate":1346425222,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/bayareausgs-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43075\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-43075 \" title=\"Bay Area USGS\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/BayareaUSGS1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"359\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Area from Space photo by United States Geological Surveyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SF_Bay_area_USGS.jpg \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area residents and visitors don’t realize the extent of our estuary’s connection outside of the Bay Area. It's the largest estuary on the West Coast of North America fed by ocean tides and tendrils of fresh water stretching east to the Sierras and north nearly to the Oregon border. Envisioning the \u003ca title=\"Bay Conservation and Development Commission website\" href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/bay_estuary.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">watershed of San Francisco Bay\u003c/a> is like constructing nesting dolls out of the landscape. Small watersheds are formed by creeks and drainages surrounding the bay, delivering surface runoff from the land and streets to the estuary. Larger creeks, like Coyote Creek, Alameda Creek, and the Napa River form larger watersheds that incorporate the small creeks. But our estuary also drains a much larger land mass. The delta brings water to the bay from nearly half of our state from the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers. Take the \u003ca title=\"US EPA website of the SF Bay-Delta\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/sfbaydelta/\" target=\"_blank\">virtual tour of the bay’s watershed\u003c/a> in this interactive website from the Environmental Protection Agency. You can \"fly\" along the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers to their headwaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43078\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/dscf1140/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43078\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-43078\" title=\"Sierra Waterflow\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/DSCF1140-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra waterflow\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week I made my annual summer pilgrimage to the granite backbone of our state and a campsite at Lake Tahoe. As I floated down the Truckee River (which doesn’t empty into San Francisco Bay, but impressively drains water that may have been impounded for over 700 years in Lake Tahoe), I pondered the journey of Sierra water through the watershed. You might picture a drop of water falling on the rugged western Sierra slopes and trace its path from the high mountains into a clear, cold creek. The creek flows downhill and joins others, eventually reaching larger streams and rivers. Complex ecosystems are formed along the way. Mayfly and caddisfly larvae in the creeks feed trout. The water permeates the banks creating riparian habitats with willows and alders supporting nesting habitat for migratory songbirds from the tropics to raise their young. The water picks up nutrients from the creekbed as it travels downhill. Along the way, some of the water is dammed to provide the thirsty communities of the Bay Area with drinking water. The Calaveras Dam brings Sierra water from the Mokelumne River to \u003ca title=\"East Bay Municipal Utilties District website\" href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/our-water/water-supply\" target=\"_blank\">East Bay MUD\u003c/a> water recipients while the Hetch Hetchy water is delivered to \u003ca title=\"SF Public Utilties Commission website\" href=\"http://www.sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=200\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco\u003c/a>. The mighty Sacramento River wends through the valley and past the State Capitol, watering farmlands along the way. Its headwaters are in the Cascade Mountains north of Redding, but many other tributaries, including the American and Yuba rivers add to its flow. Further south, the creeks feed into the San Joaquin River which meets the Sacramento River at the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43079\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/dscf1185/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43079\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-43079\" title=\"Floating\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/DSCF1185-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Floating through the watershed\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The health of our mountains and the ecosystems between here and there are vital to the health of our bay. Climate change, pollution and invasive species take a toll throughout the watershed. It’s important that we each do what we can to take care of our land. The land will reward us with a bounty of water to drink, food to eat and places to recreate and restore our weary urban souls. You can celebrate our amazing bay and learn more about it at the \u003ca title=\"Saving the Bay website\" href=\"http://www.savingthebay.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Saving the Bay\u003c/a> website with an award-winning, local film (portions of the video are available as well as lesson plans for teachers on the website). Don't forget \u003ca title=\"CA Coastal Cleanup Day website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd2.html\" target=\"_blank\">Coastal Cleanup Day\u003c/a> coming up the third Saturday of September, too, where you can make a difference in your neighborhood or along the bay shoreline picking up trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"San Francisco Bay's watershed extends to the Sierras. Ponder the waterways of the largest estuary in western North America.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366750286,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":627},"headData":{"title":"Waterways of the Largest Estuary on the West Coast | KQED","description":"San Francisco Bay's watershed extends to the Sierras. Ponder the waterways of the largest estuary in western North America.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"43059 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=43059","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/","disqusTitle":"Waterways of the Largest Estuary on the West Coast","path":"/quest/43059/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/bayareausgs-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43075\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-43075 \" title=\"Bay Area USGS\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/BayareaUSGS1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"359\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Area from Space photo by United States Geological Surveyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SF_Bay_area_USGS.jpg \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area residents and visitors don’t realize the extent of our estuary’s connection outside of the Bay Area. It's the largest estuary on the West Coast of North America fed by ocean tides and tendrils of fresh water stretching east to the Sierras and north nearly to the Oregon border. Envisioning the \u003ca title=\"Bay Conservation and Development Commission website\" href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/bay_estuary.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">watershed of San Francisco Bay\u003c/a> is like constructing nesting dolls out of the landscape. Small watersheds are formed by creeks and drainages surrounding the bay, delivering surface runoff from the land and streets to the estuary. Larger creeks, like Coyote Creek, Alameda Creek, and the Napa River form larger watersheds that incorporate the small creeks. But our estuary also drains a much larger land mass. The delta brings water to the bay from nearly half of our state from the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers. Take the \u003ca title=\"US EPA website of the SF Bay-Delta\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/sfbaydelta/\" target=\"_blank\">virtual tour of the bay’s watershed\u003c/a> in this interactive website from the Environmental Protection Agency. You can \"fly\" along the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers to their headwaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43078\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/dscf1140/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43078\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-43078\" title=\"Sierra Waterflow\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/DSCF1140-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra waterflow\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week I made my annual summer pilgrimage to the granite backbone of our state and a campsite at Lake Tahoe. As I floated down the Truckee River (which doesn’t empty into San Francisco Bay, but impressively drains water that may have been impounded for over 700 years in Lake Tahoe), I pondered the journey of Sierra water through the watershed. You might picture a drop of water falling on the rugged western Sierra slopes and trace its path from the high mountains into a clear, cold creek. The creek flows downhill and joins others, eventually reaching larger streams and rivers. Complex ecosystems are formed along the way. Mayfly and caddisfly larvae in the creeks feed trout. The water permeates the banks creating riparian habitats with willows and alders supporting nesting habitat for migratory songbirds from the tropics to raise their young. The water picks up nutrients from the creekbed as it travels downhill. Along the way, some of the water is dammed to provide the thirsty communities of the Bay Area with drinking water. The Calaveras Dam brings Sierra water from the Mokelumne River to \u003ca title=\"East Bay Municipal Utilties District website\" href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/our-water/water-supply\" target=\"_blank\">East Bay MUD\u003c/a> water recipients while the Hetch Hetchy water is delivered to \u003ca title=\"SF Public Utilties Commission website\" href=\"http://www.sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=200\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco\u003c/a>. The mighty Sacramento River wends through the valley and past the State Capitol, watering farmlands along the way. Its headwaters are in the Cascade Mountains north of Redding, but many other tributaries, including the American and Yuba rivers add to its flow. Further south, the creeks feed into the San Joaquin River which meets the Sacramento River at the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43079\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/dscf1185/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43079\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-43079\" title=\"Floating\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/DSCF1185-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Floating through the watershed\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The health of our mountains and the ecosystems between here and there are vital to the health of our bay. Climate change, pollution and invasive species take a toll throughout the watershed. It’s important that we each do what we can to take care of our land. The land will reward us with a bounty of water to drink, food to eat and places to recreate and restore our weary urban souls. You can celebrate our amazing bay and learn more about it at the \u003ca title=\"Saving the Bay website\" href=\"http://www.savingthebay.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Saving the Bay\u003c/a> website with an award-winning, local film (portions of the video are available as well as lesson plans for teachers on the website). Don't forget \u003ca title=\"CA Coastal Cleanup Day website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd2.html\" target=\"_blank\">Coastal Cleanup Day\u003c/a> coming up the third Saturday of September, too, where you can make a difference in your neighborhood or along the bay shoreline picking up trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/43059/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast","authors":["6328"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_3310","quest_3307","quest_13202","quest_2473","quest_2487","quest_33","quest_3121"],"featImg":"quest_43078","label":"quest"},"quest_38695":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_38695","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"38695","score":null,"sort":[1337911689000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley","title":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: The Deep San Joaquin Valley","publishDate":1337911689,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38698\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/fairmeadfossil/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38698\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-38698\" title=\"fairmeadfossil\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadfossil.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadfossil.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadfossil-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pleistocene bones abound beneath the Fairmead landfill near Chowchilla. See them at the Fossil Discovery Center of Madera County. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My previous side trips from I-5 have involved rocks, but that's not all there is to geology. This suggested route, an alternative to taking I-5 straight south to Los Angeles, will expose you to the southern Great Valley's hydrology and many excellent, recently excavated fossils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Start by exiting at Santa Nella -- not to patronize the garish set of businesses there, but to take state route 152 east. You'll go all the way across the valley to Route 99, then south from there to the \"Grapevine\".\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first thing you'll notice, if you haven't already, is the profusion of canals in the Valley. They come in all sizes, ranging from the Edmund G. Brown Aqueduct (that's the first one you cross) down to uncountable numbers of field ditches. There are natural streams, but most of the water you'll see is in canals. This one runs parallel to the San Joaquin River about 6 miles west of Dos Palos Y.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/sjvcanal/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38696\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38696\" title=\"SJVcanal\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SJVcanal.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"455\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SJVcanal.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SJVcanal-400x303.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right next to it, the river that gave its name to the San Joaquin Valley was a sandy ditch in March during the rainy season. In good weather you'll be able to see mountains wherever you are, either the Coast Range on the west or the Sierra Nevada on the east (as seen here). I believe that there is no place in California where mountains are not visible if the air is clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/sanjoaquinriver/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38702\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38702\" title=\"sanjoaquinriver\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/sanjoaquinriver.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"461\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/sanjoaquinriver.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/sanjoaquinriver-400x307.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The far end of route 152 meets Route 99. I recommend the old-timey charm of Chowchilla just north of here for a road stop, but otherwise you'll turn south on 99 and take the very first exit to the \u003ca href=\"http://maderamammoths.org/\">Fossil Discovery Center of Madera County\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38701\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/fossilcenter/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38701\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-38701\" title=\"fossilcenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fossilcenter.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fossilcenter.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fossilcenter-400x253.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy Tsing Bardin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The center is across the road from a sanitary landfill, and for a good reason: in 1996, diggers at the new Fairmead landfill uncovered a complete mammoth tusk. Soon it was realized that the site contained a world-class Irvingtonian fossil fauna dating from the mid-Pleistocene about half a million years ago. (There's a Bay Area connection here: the Irvingtonian is named for the wonderful bone beds unearthed in the East Bay's Irvington district during freeway construction in the 1940s.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A paleontological foundation was set up and scientific ties established at nearby Cal State Fresno. Whenever the landfill operators open up a new pit, fossil scientists are on hand to harvest what they can. Bones of mammoths, wolves, sabertooth cats, horses, camels, ground sloths and many smaller creatures are stockpiled and studied at leisure between digs. The Fossil Discovery Center opened its doors in late 2010 and makes an excellent visit whatever your level of interest or expertise. Its outdoor \"Pleistocene Water Source\" exhibit makes it easy to imagine the lush scene in ancient times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/fairmeadwaterexhibit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38700\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38700\" title=\"fairmeadwaterexhibit\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadwaterexhibit.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadwaterexhibit.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadwaterexhibit-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can sit out back, next to the fossil washing station, and cast your eye over the surrounding land. I was told that the center has options on some of this acreage, where thousands more fossils surely lie in wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/fairmeadgrounds/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38699\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38699\" title=\"fairmeadgrounds\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadgrounds.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadgrounds.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadgrounds-400x257.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually you'll need to return to 99 and resume your journey. Another stop you should consider is in Bakersfield, where less than 5 miles east of the road on Stockdale Highway is the city's gracious new Riverwalk Park on the Kern River, which is still a vigorous stream here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/bakersfieldriverpark/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38697\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38697\" title=\"bakersfieldriverpark\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/bakersfieldriverpark.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"387\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/bakersfieldriverpark.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/bakersfieldriverpark-400x258.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bakersfield has a lot going on. Another spot to consider visiting is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sharktoothhill.org/\">Buena Vista Museum of Natural History\u003c/a>, home of superb fossils from nearby \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/fossilbasics/ss/Sharktooth-Hill.htm\">Sharktooth Hill\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Central Valley has rocks and oil, but its geology also includes water and fossils. See them in this side trip during your next drive south.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1340306912,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":613},"headData":{"title":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: The Deep San Joaquin Valley | KQED","description":"The Central Valley has rocks and oil, but its geology also includes water and fossils. See them in this side trip during your next drive south.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"38695 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=38695","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/","disqusTitle":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: The Deep San Joaquin Valley","path":"/quest/38695/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38698\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/fairmeadfossil/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38698\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-38698\" title=\"fairmeadfossil\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadfossil.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadfossil.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadfossil-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pleistocene bones abound beneath the Fairmead landfill near Chowchilla. See them at the Fossil Discovery Center of Madera County. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My previous side trips from I-5 have involved rocks, but that's not all there is to geology. This suggested route, an alternative to taking I-5 straight south to Los Angeles, will expose you to the southern Great Valley's hydrology and many excellent, recently excavated fossils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Start by exiting at Santa Nella -- not to patronize the garish set of businesses there, but to take state route 152 east. You'll go all the way across the valley to Route 99, then south from there to the \"Grapevine\".\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first thing you'll notice, if you haven't already, is the profusion of canals in the Valley. They come in all sizes, ranging from the Edmund G. Brown Aqueduct (that's the first one you cross) down to uncountable numbers of field ditches. There are natural streams, but most of the water you'll see is in canals. This one runs parallel to the San Joaquin River about 6 miles west of Dos Palos Y.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/sjvcanal/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38696\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38696\" title=\"SJVcanal\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SJVcanal.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"455\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SJVcanal.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SJVcanal-400x303.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right next to it, the river that gave its name to the San Joaquin Valley was a sandy ditch in March during the rainy season. In good weather you'll be able to see mountains wherever you are, either the Coast Range on the west or the Sierra Nevada on the east (as seen here). I believe that there is no place in California where mountains are not visible if the air is clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/sanjoaquinriver/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38702\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38702\" title=\"sanjoaquinriver\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/sanjoaquinriver.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"461\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/sanjoaquinriver.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/sanjoaquinriver-400x307.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The far end of route 152 meets Route 99. I recommend the old-timey charm of Chowchilla just north of here for a road stop, but otherwise you'll turn south on 99 and take the very first exit to the \u003ca href=\"http://maderamammoths.org/\">Fossil Discovery Center of Madera County\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38701\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/fossilcenter/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38701\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-38701\" title=\"fossilcenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fossilcenter.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fossilcenter.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fossilcenter-400x253.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy Tsing Bardin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The center is across the road from a sanitary landfill, and for a good reason: in 1996, diggers at the new Fairmead landfill uncovered a complete mammoth tusk. Soon it was realized that the site contained a world-class Irvingtonian fossil fauna dating from the mid-Pleistocene about half a million years ago. (There's a Bay Area connection here: the Irvingtonian is named for the wonderful bone beds unearthed in the East Bay's Irvington district during freeway construction in the 1940s.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A paleontological foundation was set up and scientific ties established at nearby Cal State Fresno. Whenever the landfill operators open up a new pit, fossil scientists are on hand to harvest what they can. Bones of mammoths, wolves, sabertooth cats, horses, camels, ground sloths and many smaller creatures are stockpiled and studied at leisure between digs. The Fossil Discovery Center opened its doors in late 2010 and makes an excellent visit whatever your level of interest or expertise. Its outdoor \"Pleistocene Water Source\" exhibit makes it easy to imagine the lush scene in ancient times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/fairmeadwaterexhibit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38700\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38700\" title=\"fairmeadwaterexhibit\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadwaterexhibit.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadwaterexhibit.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadwaterexhibit-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can sit out back, next to the fossil washing station, and cast your eye over the surrounding land. I was told that the center has options on some of this acreage, where thousands more fossils surely lie in wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/fairmeadgrounds/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38699\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38699\" title=\"fairmeadgrounds\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadgrounds.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadgrounds.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fairmeadgrounds-400x257.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually you'll need to return to 99 and resume your journey. Another stop you should consider is in Bakersfield, where less than 5 miles east of the road on Stockdale Highway is the city's gracious new Riverwalk Park on the Kern River, which is still a vigorous stream here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/bakersfieldriverpark/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38697\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38697\" title=\"bakersfieldriverpark\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/bakersfieldriverpark.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"387\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/bakersfieldriverpark.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/bakersfieldriverpark-400x258.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bakersfield has a lot going on. Another spot to consider visiting is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sharktoothhill.org/\">Buena Vista Museum of Natural History\u003c/a>, home of superb fossils from nearby \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/fossilbasics/ss/Sharktooth-Hill.htm\">Sharktooth Hill\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/38695/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_11152","quest_3405","quest_1607","quest_1897","quest_2233","quest_13202","quest_33","quest_10793"],"featImg":"quest_38698","label":"quest"},"quest_11167":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_11167","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"11167","score":null,"sort":[1292520230000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-unique-geometry-of-the-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta","title":"The Unique Geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","publishDate":1292520230,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers meet in the area between the city of Lodi and the Carquinez Strait to form what we simply refer to as ‘The Delta’ in central and northern California. The term ‘delta’ is derived from the triangle-shaped Greek letter of the same name and was originally applied to where the Nile River meets the Mediterranean Sea. The triangular shape forms as the single Nile River channel splits into numerous smaller river channels, which then split again, and so on, spreading out over a vast low-lying area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/delta3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest411.jpg\">here\u003c/a> for a larger version of the Nile Delta.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has this classic, triangular shape but with a major caveat — it’s inverted. That is, instead of the delta splitting into numerous channels in a downstream direction, it is characterized by numerous channels coming together in a downstream direction. The geologic history of the greater Bay Area helps explain this rather unique delta geometry. Unlike the Nile, Amazon, Mississippi, and other major river systems, the location where the Sacramento-San Joaquin rivers meet sea level is: (1) well inland of the coast and (2) strongly controlled by the topography of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11170\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg 962w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-400x271.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-960x650.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is known as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.answers.com/topic/bay-head-delta\">bay-head delta\u003c/a>, which is when a delta forms at the head of a large estuary like the San Francisco Bay. When \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/09/02/the-importance-of-studying-the-history-of-sea-level-change-in-san-francisco-bay/\">sea level was much lower during the last ice age\u003c/a> the river met the sea at the position of the Farallon Islands. As sea level rose and the valleys that are now the Bay flooded, the river mouth moved inland to its current position. The complex topography of the Bay Area — a result of active faulting associated with the San Andreas, Hayward, and other faults — has forced the channels in the delta to come together at Carquinez Strait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Future \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacinst.org/reports/sea_level_rise/gmap.html\">sea-level rise will affect the delta region\u003c/a>, especially Suisun and Grizzly Bays, significantly. Even a relatively small rise will change the character of these wetland areas. Further east, near Antioch and Lodi, the \u003ca href=\"http://geology.com/usgs/california-delta-subsidence/\">delta is actively subsiding (sinking)\u003c/a>, which could exacerbate the negative effects of a rising sea level even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cem>Images: (1) Nile River Delta; credit: \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nile_delta_landsat_false_color.jpg\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>, (2) Basemap from \u003ca href=\"http://www.flashearth.com/\">FlashEarth\u003c/a>, annotation by me.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.09771315431724 -121.56623837538064\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The geologic history of the greater Bay Area helps explain the unique geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1292520230,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":390},"headData":{"title":"The Unique Geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta | KQED","description":"The geologic history of the greater Bay Area helps explain the unique geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11167 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=11167","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/12/16/the-unique-geometry-of-the-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta/","disqusTitle":"The Unique Geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","path":"/quest/11167/the-unique-geometry-of-the-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers meet in the area between the city of Lodi and the Carquinez Strait to form what we simply refer to as ‘The Delta’ in central and northern California. The term ‘delta’ is derived from the triangle-shaped Greek letter of the same name and was originally applied to where the Nile River meets the Mediterranean Sea. The triangular shape forms as the single Nile River channel splits into numerous smaller river channels, which then split again, and so on, spreading out over a vast low-lying area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/delta3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest411.jpg\">here\u003c/a> for a larger version of the Nile Delta.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has this classic, triangular shape but with a major caveat — it’s inverted. That is, instead of the delta splitting into numerous channels in a downstream direction, it is characterized by numerous channels coming together in a downstream direction. The geologic history of the greater Bay Area helps explain this rather unique delta geometry. Unlike the Nile, Amazon, Mississippi, and other major river systems, the location where the Sacramento-San Joaquin rivers meet sea level is: (1) well inland of the coast and (2) strongly controlled by the topography of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11170\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg 962w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-400x271.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-960x650.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is known as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.answers.com/topic/bay-head-delta\">bay-head delta\u003c/a>, which is when a delta forms at the head of a large estuary like the San Francisco Bay. When \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/09/02/the-importance-of-studying-the-history-of-sea-level-change-in-san-francisco-bay/\">sea level was much lower during the last ice age\u003c/a> the river met the sea at the position of the Farallon Islands. As sea level rose and the valleys that are now the Bay flooded, the river mouth moved inland to its current position. The complex topography of the Bay Area — a result of active faulting associated with the San Andreas, Hayward, and other faults — has forced the channels in the delta to come together at Carquinez Strait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Future \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacinst.org/reports/sea_level_rise/gmap.html\">sea-level rise will affect the delta region\u003c/a>, especially Suisun and Grizzly Bays, significantly. Even a relatively small rise will change the character of these wetland areas. Further east, near Antioch and Lodi, the \u003ca href=\"http://geology.com/usgs/california-delta-subsidence/\">delta is actively subsiding (sinking)\u003c/a>, which could exacerbate the negative effects of a rising sea level even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cem>Images: (1) Nile River Delta; credit: \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nile_delta_landsat_false_color.jpg\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>, (2) Basemap from \u003ca href=\"http://www.flashearth.com/\">FlashEarth\u003c/a>, annotation by me.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.09771315431724 -121.56623837538064\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/11167/the-unique-geometry-of-the-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta","authors":["10171"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_13200","quest_2472","quest_2473","quest_33","quest_2559","quest_3108"],"featImg":"quest_11170","label":"quest"},"quest_10428":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_10428","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"10428","score":null,"sort":[1290110233000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"gold-rush-sediment-in-the-san-francisco-bay","title":"San Francisco Bay Slowly Recovering From Gold Rush Miners' Devastating Legacy","publishDate":1290110233,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/ruhl1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Suspended Sediment Concentration in the San Francisco Bay, USGS. Click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/ruhl1.jpg\">here\u003c/a> for a larger version of the image.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the gold extracted from the Sierra foothills during the Gold Rush was in placer deposits. That is, it was mixed with the rest of the sediment naturally eroding from the mountainside. Flecks of gold have a greater density than almost all the other particles and, thus, can be concentrated through natural water movement. A similar process is seen when you go to the beach. When the mixture of minerals and waves are just right you might notice darker grains of sand creating streaks or patches in the wet sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miners had to devise ways to extract the gold because it was still a minor component even in rich placer deposits. Methods like panning and simple equipment like sluice boxes were used with moving water to enhance the natural mineral separation process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When all this relatively easy-to-get gold was extracted from the streams and rivers prospectors turned to \u003ca href=\"http://museumca.org/goldrush/fever19-hy.html\">hydraulic mining\u003c/a> to obtain the riches. Hydraulic mining was the process of using high-powered water canons to artificially erode gold-bearing hills made of sedimentary deposits. These sedimentary deposits were ancient stream beds that contained gold in placer deposits much like the modern streams did. Essentially, hydraulic mining eroded ancient river sediment from the hillside and diverted the material into the modern river where miners then extracted the gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1-400x264.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unsurprisingly, the activity of hydraulic mining devastated the local environment. The landscape was scarred and the mountain streams choked with gravel and sediment. And the effects weren't just local. These rivers and streams flowed into the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/12/geologic-context-and-history-of-the-san-joaquin-river/\">San Joaquin River\u003c/a> and Sacramento River and deposited some of this sediment in the Central Valley causing flooding and navigation problems. Some of the finer sediment was transported even further, to the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of hydraulic mining practices are still measurable in the Bay today. Geologists from the USGS are studying the amount of sediment the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta delivers to the Bay and are finding that the Gold Rush-induced sediment levels \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128113664\">might be diminishing\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #800000\">\u003cem>\"[USGS geologist David Schoellhamer] says all the extra sediment has finally worked its way past the Golden Gate. The bay's water is about 30 percent clearer than it was 10 years ago.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is taken many decades for this complex sediment delivery system to reach a new equilibrium. However, the readjustment of the estuary to these 'new' conditions might create new problems:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #800000\">\u003cem>\"Less sediment in the bay could spell trouble if scientists' predictions about rising sea levels come to pass. These delicate tidal marshes could be inundated over the next century.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I find fascinating, yet also extremely challenging, is how the choices we've made as a civilization over the decades and centuries combine and sum to create the issues we face right now. There are no simple answers. Regardless of how well-intentioned some environmental programs may be there will always be some uncertainty about how natural systems respond. Continuing scientific research of these systems will reduce that uncertainty and inform policy decisions of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #333333\">\u003cem>Images: (1) \u003ca href=\"http://ca.water.usgs.gov/sfbay/sedtrans/\">California Water Science Center\u003c/a>; (2) \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor.jpg\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"USGS geologists are finding that Gold Rush-induced sediment levels in the San Francisco bay might be diminishing.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1316650215,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":539},"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Bay Slowly Recovering From Gold Rush Miners' Devastating Legacy | KQED","description":"USGS geologists are finding that Gold Rush-induced sediment levels in the San Francisco bay might be diminishing.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"10428 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=10428","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/18/gold-rush-sediment-in-the-san-francisco-bay/","disqusTitle":"San Francisco Bay Slowly Recovering From Gold Rush Miners' Devastating Legacy","path":"/quest/10428/gold-rush-sediment-in-the-san-francisco-bay","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/ruhl1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Suspended Sediment Concentration in the San Francisco Bay, USGS. Click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/ruhl1.jpg\">here\u003c/a> for a larger version of the image.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the gold extracted from the Sierra foothills during the Gold Rush was in placer deposits. That is, it was mixed with the rest of the sediment naturally eroding from the mountainside. Flecks of gold have a greater density than almost all the other particles and, thus, can be concentrated through natural water movement. A similar process is seen when you go to the beach. When the mixture of minerals and waves are just right you might notice darker grains of sand creating streaks or patches in the wet sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miners had to devise ways to extract the gold because it was still a minor component even in rich placer deposits. Methods like panning and simple equipment like sluice boxes were used with moving water to enhance the natural mineral separation process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When all this relatively easy-to-get gold was extracted from the streams and rivers prospectors turned to \u003ca href=\"http://museumca.org/goldrush/fever19-hy.html\">hydraulic mining\u003c/a> to obtain the riches. Hydraulic mining was the process of using high-powered water canons to artificially erode gold-bearing hills made of sedimentary deposits. These sedimentary deposits were ancient stream beds that contained gold in placer deposits much like the modern streams did. Essentially, hydraulic mining eroded ancient river sediment from the hillside and diverted the material into the modern river where miners then extracted the gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1-400x264.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unsurprisingly, the activity of hydraulic mining devastated the local environment. The landscape was scarred and the mountain streams choked with gravel and sediment. And the effects weren't just local. These rivers and streams flowed into the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/12/geologic-context-and-history-of-the-san-joaquin-river/\">San Joaquin River\u003c/a> and Sacramento River and deposited some of this sediment in the Central Valley causing flooding and navigation problems. Some of the finer sediment was transported even further, to the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of hydraulic mining practices are still measurable in the Bay today. Geologists from the USGS are studying the amount of sediment the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta delivers to the Bay and are finding that the Gold Rush-induced sediment levels \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128113664\">might be diminishing\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #800000\">\u003cem>\"[USGS geologist David Schoellhamer] says all the extra sediment has finally worked its way past the Golden Gate. The bay's water is about 30 percent clearer than it was 10 years ago.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is taken many decades for this complex sediment delivery system to reach a new equilibrium. However, the readjustment of the estuary to these 'new' conditions might create new problems:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #800000\">\u003cem>\"Less sediment in the bay could spell trouble if scientists' predictions about rising sea levels come to pass. These delicate tidal marshes could be inundated over the next century.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I find fascinating, yet also extremely challenging, is how the choices we've made as a civilization over the decades and centuries combine and sum to create the issues we face right now. There are no simple answers. Regardless of how well-intentioned some environmental programs may be there will always be some uncertainty about how natural systems respond. Continuing scientific research of these systems will reduce that uncertainty and inform policy decisions of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #333333\">\u003cem>Images: (1) \u003ca href=\"http://ca.water.usgs.gov/sfbay/sedtrans/\">California Water Science Center\u003c/a>; (2) \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor.jpg\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/10428/gold-rush-sediment-in-the-san-francisco-bay","authors":["10171"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_13200","quest_1232","quest_1233","quest_2472","quest_2473","quest_2487","quest_33","quest_2576"],"featImg":"quest_10454","label":"quest"},"quest_6759":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_6759","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"6759","score":null,"sort":[1281630620000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"geologic-context-and-history-of-the-san-joaquin-river","title":"Geologic Context and History of the San Joaquin River","publishDate":1281630620,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>The San Joaquin River and its tributaries drain a significant portion of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the southern half of California’s Central valley. The San Joaquin River, along with its northern sibling, the Sacramento River, terminate at the delta of the same name. Significant human influence on the course and flow of the river started in the late 1800s to help divert water to developing agricultural regions in the Central Valley and continues to this day. The biggest river restoration project in California’s history, however, is now underway for the San Joaquin River (watch \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river\">this segment\u003c/a> from a recent episode of QUEST to learn more).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_6760\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"width: 604px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/CA-geol-map-central.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-6760\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/CA-geol-map-central.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"594\" height=\"530\">\u003c/a>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Geologic map of central part of California (credit: California Geological Survey)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This brief post is meant to introduce some of the basic and fundamental geologic context for the river. The geologic map above, which shows a simplified distribution of the types and ages of rock at the surface, nicely illustrates the juxtaposition of the river with California’s geology. The full version of the map and an explanation of the colors can be found on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.consrv.ca.gov/cgs/information/Pages/EdResCenter.aspx\">Educational Resources Center page of the California Geological Survey website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin River traverses two geologic provinces in California that could not be more different — the high mountains and exposed granitic rock of the southern Sierra Nevada (the red and blue areas on the map above) and the topographically flat and sediment-filled Central Valley (the light yellow area in the map above). The headwaters for the San Joaquin River and it’s tributaries to the north are lined up along the 9,000-14,000 ft high spine of the Sierra cutting canyons and gorges from east to west across the mountains (including the Merced River in Yosemite Valley).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result of the combination of high elevations, eroding granite, and rivers is a lot of sediment. Over hundreds of thousands to millions of years, the erosion and transport of sediment from the high country is balanced by deposition of that sediment in the adjacent low and flat Central Valley. In fact, the Central Valley is flat because of these processes. When the rivers naturally flood they overspill their banks and fine, muddy sediment is deposited across broad areas. Over geologic time, the rivers move around incrementally building up sediment and covering the entire valley. The result of these processes is a vast and soil-rich valley that is now one of the world’s most productive agricultural regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coast Ranges on the western side of the Central Valley essentially force the San Joaquin and its tributaries to take a right-angle turn to the north towards the next available outlet to the sea — the San Francisco Bay. A somewhat similar pattern occurs in the north for the Sacramento River. The two rivers meet at sea level to form the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, one of the world’s largest inland deltas. Some of the water and sediment carried by the San Joaquin River ultimately makes it way into the Pacific Ocean through the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming months my blogging here at QUEST will explore more of the geologic background and history of the greater Bay Area. I will also be writing about some of the local “geo-attractions” where you can go see the rocks for yourself and learn more about the fascinating geologic stories of this region firsthand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.0939 -118.738723\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The biggest river restoration project in California's history, however, is now underway for the San Joaquin River.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1281630620,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":585},"headData":{"title":"Geologic Context and History of the San Joaquin River | KQED","description":"The biggest river restoration project in California's history, however, is now underway for the San Joaquin River.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"6759 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=6759","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/12/geologic-context-and-history-of-the-san-joaquin-river/","disqusTitle":"Geologic Context and History of the San Joaquin River","path":"/quest/6759/geologic-context-and-history-of-the-san-joaquin-river","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The San Joaquin River and its tributaries drain a significant portion of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the southern half of California’s Central valley. The San Joaquin River, along with its northern sibling, the Sacramento River, terminate at the delta of the same name. Significant human influence on the course and flow of the river started in the late 1800s to help divert water to developing agricultural regions in the Central Valley and continues to this day. The biggest river restoration project in California’s history, however, is now underway for the San Joaquin River (watch \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river\">this segment\u003c/a> from a recent episode of QUEST to learn more).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_6760\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"width: 604px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/CA-geol-map-central.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-6760\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/CA-geol-map-central.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"594\" height=\"530\">\u003c/a>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Geologic map of central part of California (credit: California Geological Survey)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This brief post is meant to introduce some of the basic and fundamental geologic context for the river. The geologic map above, which shows a simplified distribution of the types and ages of rock at the surface, nicely illustrates the juxtaposition of the river with California’s geology. The full version of the map and an explanation of the colors can be found on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.consrv.ca.gov/cgs/information/Pages/EdResCenter.aspx\">Educational Resources Center page of the California Geological Survey website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin River traverses two geologic provinces in California that could not be more different — the high mountains and exposed granitic rock of the southern Sierra Nevada (the red and blue areas on the map above) and the topographically flat and sediment-filled Central Valley (the light yellow area in the map above). The headwaters for the San Joaquin River and it’s tributaries to the north are lined up along the 9,000-14,000 ft high spine of the Sierra cutting canyons and gorges from east to west across the mountains (including the Merced River in Yosemite Valley).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result of the combination of high elevations, eroding granite, and rivers is a lot of sediment. Over hundreds of thousands to millions of years, the erosion and transport of sediment from the high country is balanced by deposition of that sediment in the adjacent low and flat Central Valley. In fact, the Central Valley is flat because of these processes. When the rivers naturally flood they overspill their banks and fine, muddy sediment is deposited across broad areas. Over geologic time, the rivers move around incrementally building up sediment and covering the entire valley. The result of these processes is a vast and soil-rich valley that is now one of the world’s most productive agricultural regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coast Ranges on the western side of the Central Valley essentially force the San Joaquin and its tributaries to take a right-angle turn to the north towards the next available outlet to the sea — the San Francisco Bay. A somewhat similar pattern occurs in the north for the Sacramento River. The two rivers meet at sea level to form the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, one of the world’s largest inland deltas. Some of the water and sediment carried by the San Joaquin River ultimately makes it way into the Pacific Ocean through the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming months my blogging here at QUEST will explore more of the geologic background and history of the greater Bay Area. I will also be writing about some of the local “geo-attractions” where you can go see the rocks for yourself and learn more about the fascinating geologic stories of this region firsthand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.0939 -118.738723\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/6759/geologic-context-and-history-of-the-san-joaquin-river","authors":["10171"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_533","quest_2472","quest_2473","quest_2487","quest_33","quest_2630"],"label":"quest"},"quest_17533":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17533","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17533","score":null,"sort":[1279679400000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river","title":"Restoration of the San Joaquin River","publishDate":1279679400,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3358,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Flowing 330 miles from the Sierras to the delta, the San Joaquin River is California's second longest river. It once boasted one of the state's great salmon runs. But since the construction of Friant Dam near Fresno in the 1940s, most of the San Joaquin's water has been siphoned off to farmland in the Central Valley. Now, after years of lawsuits, a new effort to restore the river is offering hope that fish and farmers can co-exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Learn more about the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/07/20/producers-notes-restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river/\" target=\"_blank\">San Joaquin River and this video\u003c/a> with the Producer's Notes. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Flowing 330 miles from the Sierras to the delta, the San Joaquin River is California's second longest river. But since the construction of Friant Dam near Fresno in the 1940s, most of the San Joaquin's water has been siphoned off to farmland in the Central Valley. Now, after years of lawsuits, a new effort to restore the river is offering hope that fish and farmers can co-exist.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457717723,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":98},"headData":{"title":"Restoration of the San Joaquin River | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"17533 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/07/20/restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river/","disqusTitle":"Restoration of the San Joaquin River","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oeClPX2qUw","path":"/quest/17533/restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Flowing 330 miles from the Sierras to the delta, the San Joaquin River is California's second longest river. It once boasted one of the state's great salmon runs. But since the construction of Friant Dam near Fresno in the 1940s, most of the San Joaquin's water has been siphoned off to farmland in the Central Valley. Now, after years of lawsuits, a new effort to restore the river is offering hope that fish and farmers can co-exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Learn more about the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/07/20/producers-notes-restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river/\" target=\"_blank\">San Joaquin River and this video\u003c/a> with the Producer's Notes. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17533/restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river","authors":["10214","6176","10206"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2477","quest_33","quest_2893"],"collections":["quest_3358"],"featImg":"quest_29436","label":"quest_3358"},"quest_6166":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_6166","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"6166","score":null,"sort":[1279649752000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river","title":"Producer's Notes: Restoration of the San Joaquin River","publishDate":1279649752,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Why are we spending millions of dollars to bring back a river that stopped running a long time ago? Why are we trying to return salmon to parts of the river where they haven’t been seen for half a century? And why are we taking precious water from farmers who depend on it to irrigate their crops? In short, why does this dammed-up, siphoned-off, dried-out river matter? Why do we bother? Why do I care?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I watched the colors change as the sun set on a lazy bend of the \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"San Joaquin River\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Joaquin_River\">San Joaquin River\u003c/a>. And I was calmed by silky water reflections of trees along the riverbank as I watched the morning sun rise behind them. (I know, it’s the earth turning and not the sun going up and down.) Long before the friendly wake-up call at the small town motel, I woke to the music of the river and a chorus of birds greeting the first light. The river was elegant in the early morning sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From swimming, canoeing, skipping stones and catching crawfish to following trails along the water’s edge, I’ve loved rivers as far back as I can remember. My mother wove baskets from reeds that grew along the riverbed, as Native tribes have done for more than a thousand years. There’s peace of mind in the sounds and beauty of the water rushing over the rocks. And as I sat on a porch chair in Firebaugh gazing at the San Joaquin River flowing peacefully by, I thought about the history and meaning that rivers have for people everywhere. Rivers are the veins of the planet, a source of life and connection to the world. Rivers have been pathways to freedom and an eternal source of splendor and song.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I remembered as a child seeing \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Paul Robeson\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Robeson\">Paul Robeson\u003c/a> sing “Old Man River”, and hearing my father recite \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Langston Hughes\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langston_Hughes\">Langston Hughes\u003c/a>’ poem, “I’ve Seen Rivers” by heart. I thought about Huck Finn and relived playing my guitar on the banks of the Mississippi in Missouri (Hannibal) when I was 18, hitchhiking around the country with my best friend. I played and sang “Lazy River,” “Moon River,” and “Deep River” while my high school buddy played harmonica. The unstoppable river rolled past as we paid tribute with “Down by the riverside, I’m gonna lay my burden down,” “Wade in the water,” and “Jordan River is chilly and cold. Chills the body, but not the soul.” (“Proud Mary” hadn’t yet been written or it would’ve been part of our river repertoire back in 1964… And I’m sure we would have let wailed a soulful “Many Rivers to Cross”, but \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Sam Cooke\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Cooke\">Sam Cooke\u003c/a>’s “Change is Gonna Come” wasn’t released until ’65.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sorry to digress. Unlike the proud rivers in stories and songs, the San Joaquin is a mighty river that’s been brought to its knees, and drained of its life blood. But what gives this story the stuff legends and ballads are made of is that, after a long battle for its survival, this once great river has a chance to regain much of the power of its past, and to bring back a bounty of wildlife that once thrived in its cool currents and along hundreds of miles of riverbank. Because of this historic restoration project, the San Joaquin is becoming a living river again. It’s a big job and a big deal. It’s not every day we can say we brought something back to life! Looks like I’m going to have to write a song about it---maybe a kind of bluesy, country \u003cem>corrido\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Why are we spending millions of dollars to bring back a river that stopped running a long time ago?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457717784,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":654},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Restoration of the San Joaquin River | KQED","description":"Why are we spending millions of dollars to bring back a river that stopped running a long time ago?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"6166 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2010/07/20/producers-notes-restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/07/20/producers-notes-restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river/","disqusTitle":"Producer's Notes: Restoration of the San Joaquin River","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oeClPX2qUw","path":"/quest/6166/producers-notes-restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Why are we spending millions of dollars to bring back a river that stopped running a long time ago? Why are we trying to return salmon to parts of the river where they haven’t been seen for half a century? And why are we taking precious water from farmers who depend on it to irrigate their crops? In short, why does this dammed-up, siphoned-off, dried-out river matter? Why do we bother? Why do I care?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I watched the colors change as the sun set on a lazy bend of the \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"San Joaquin River\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Joaquin_River\">San Joaquin River\u003c/a>. And I was calmed by silky water reflections of trees along the riverbank as I watched the morning sun rise behind them. (I know, it’s the earth turning and not the sun going up and down.) Long before the friendly wake-up call at the small town motel, I woke to the music of the river and a chorus of birds greeting the first light. The river was elegant in the early morning sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From swimming, canoeing, skipping stones and catching crawfish to following trails along the water’s edge, I’ve loved rivers as far back as I can remember. My mother wove baskets from reeds that grew along the riverbed, as Native tribes have done for more than a thousand years. There’s peace of mind in the sounds and beauty of the water rushing over the rocks. And as I sat on a porch chair in Firebaugh gazing at the San Joaquin River flowing peacefully by, I thought about the history and meaning that rivers have for people everywhere. Rivers are the veins of the planet, a source of life and connection to the world. Rivers have been pathways to freedom and an eternal source of splendor and song.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I remembered as a child seeing \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Paul Robeson\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Robeson\">Paul Robeson\u003c/a> sing “Old Man River”, and hearing my father recite \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Langston Hughes\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langston_Hughes\">Langston Hughes\u003c/a>’ poem, “I’ve Seen Rivers” by heart. I thought about Huck Finn and relived playing my guitar on the banks of the Mississippi in Missouri (Hannibal) when I was 18, hitchhiking around the country with my best friend. I played and sang “Lazy River,” “Moon River,” and “Deep River” while my high school buddy played harmonica. The unstoppable river rolled past as we paid tribute with “Down by the riverside, I’m gonna lay my burden down,” “Wade in the water,” and “Jordan River is chilly and cold. Chills the body, but not the soul.” (“Proud Mary” hadn’t yet been written or it would’ve been part of our river repertoire back in 1964… And I’m sure we would have let wailed a soulful “Many Rivers to Cross”, but \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Sam Cooke\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Cooke\">Sam Cooke\u003c/a>’s “Change is Gonna Come” wasn’t released until ’65.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sorry to digress. Unlike the proud rivers in stories and songs, the San Joaquin is a mighty river that’s been brought to its knees, and drained of its life blood. But what gives this story the stuff legends and ballads are made of is that, after a long battle for its survival, this once great river has a chance to regain much of the power of its past, and to bring back a bounty of wildlife that once thrived in its cool currents and along hundreds of miles of riverbank. Because of this historic restoration project, the San Joaquin is becoming a living river again. It’s a big job and a big deal. It’s not every day we can say we brought something back to life! Looks like I’m going to have to write a song about it---maybe a kind of bluesy, country \u003cem>corrido\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/6166/producers-notes-restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river","authors":["10214"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_20","quest_21","quest_25","quest_33","quest_2893"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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