NASA's Roving Robotic Chemist Will Collect Clues For Life on Mars
Dumpster Diving on Mars
Opportunity's Endeavour
Martian Robot Roundup
Mars Rock Talks, Opportunity Listens
Reporter's Notes: Underwater Laboratory
Sponsored
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(Merriam Webster's.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, NASA held a press conference to announce another first in our robotic exploration of Mars. On February 8th, the rover \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/index.html\" title=\"NASA Mars Science Laboratory\" target=\"_blank\">Curiosity \u003c/a>(of the Mars Science Laboratory mission) used its drill to bore a hole (maybe more correctly, used its thwacker to thwack a hole) into a slab of flat bedrock. The boring tool uses vibrating impacts to speed up the rock penetration of the rotating drill bit, not unlike a handheld impact drill, or a tiny jackhammer with a spinning tip. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hole, 6.4 centimeters deep (about the length of my pinky finger), is aimed at delivering a sample of pulverized rock powder to Curiosity's onboard chemical analysis laboratories--more specifically, a sample from deeper into the rock than 5 centimeters, rock which has not been chemically altered by the weathering effects that the material at the outer surfaces endures. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patch of bedrock chosen for this micro-excursion is thought to be ancient, making a probing of mere inches an excursion of perhaps millions of years into Mars' past--maybe far back enough to probe a time when liquid water existed on its surface. Regardless of whether it finds the watery signature of ancient surface liquid in this sample, exciting though that would be, the rover's mission is to probe Mars' geology to assess the past habitability of the planet--so we'll get what we get. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though a 6.4 centimeter hole in bedrock barely sounds like scratching the surface, this hole bears the distinction of being the deepest we've dug into solid rock on Mars. And it's really no small feat. Perhaps to get an idea of what it takes to do this sort of prospecting, try it yourself: get an impact drill (one of those hand drills that vibrates up and down as it bores) with a one-inch masonry bit and try drilling/thwacking a 2.5 inch hold into an old piece of concrete (disclaimer: make sure it's your own concrete, not someone else's paving stone or patio--and be sure you're wearing proper eye protection gear). Now, if you've managed to do this, think about the fact that NASA has done this by remote control on Mars. Curiosity is doing some amazingly challenging work out there!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this moment the pulverized tablespoonful of pristine bedrock awaits being delivered to the instruments on Curiosity that will unlock all of its tantalizing chemical secrets--but maybe that can be the subject of a press release event in the near future. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"On February 8th, the rover Curiosity used its drill to bore a hole into a slab of flat bedrock, marking the first time we have probed deeply into the interior of a Martian rock in search of the secrets of Mars' past it may hold. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370998043,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":481},"headData":{"title":"The Mars Rover Curiosity Digs a Little Deeper | KQED","description":"On February 8th, the rover Curiosity used its drill to bore a hole into a slab of flat bedrock, marking the first time we have probed deeply into the interior of a Martian rock in search of the secrets of Mars' past it may hold. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Mars Rover Curiosity Digs a Little Deeper","datePublished":"2013-02-22T16:00:51.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T00:47:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"49829 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=49829","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/22/mars-rovercuriosity-digs-a-little-deeper/","disqusTitle":"The Mars Rover Curiosity Digs a Little Deeper","path":"/quest/49829/mars-rovercuriosity-digs-a-little-deeper","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49841\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/22/mars-rovercuriosity-digs-a-little-deeper/msl-thwackmarks/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49841\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/msl-thwackmarks.jpg\" alt=\"Before sending the Curiosity rover to Mars, its drilling technology was tested exhaustively by drilling many holes in samples of Earth rock.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49841\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/msl-thwackmarks.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/msl-thwackmarks-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Before sending the Curiosity rover to Mars, its drilling technology was tested exhaustively by drilling many holes in samples of Earth rock.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Add another word to your vocabulary of Martian geological exploration: thwacking...repeat, not fracking, but thwacking!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thwack: to strike with or as if with something flat or heavy. (Merriam Webster's.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, NASA held a press conference to announce another first in our robotic exploration of Mars. On February 8th, the rover \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/index.html\" title=\"NASA Mars Science Laboratory\" target=\"_blank\">Curiosity \u003c/a>(of the Mars Science Laboratory mission) used its drill to bore a hole (maybe more correctly, used its thwacker to thwack a hole) into a slab of flat bedrock. The boring tool uses vibrating impacts to speed up the rock penetration of the rotating drill bit, not unlike a handheld impact drill, or a tiny jackhammer with a spinning tip. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hole, 6.4 centimeters deep (about the length of my pinky finger), is aimed at delivering a sample of pulverized rock powder to Curiosity's onboard chemical analysis laboratories--more specifically, a sample from deeper into the rock than 5 centimeters, rock which has not been chemically altered by the weathering effects that the material at the outer surfaces endures. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patch of bedrock chosen for this micro-excursion is thought to be ancient, making a probing of mere inches an excursion of perhaps millions of years into Mars' past--maybe far back enough to probe a time when liquid water existed on its surface. Regardless of whether it finds the watery signature of ancient surface liquid in this sample, exciting though that would be, the rover's mission is to probe Mars' geology to assess the past habitability of the planet--so we'll get what we get. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though a 6.4 centimeter hole in bedrock barely sounds like scratching the surface, this hole bears the distinction of being the deepest we've dug into solid rock on Mars. And it's really no small feat. Perhaps to get an idea of what it takes to do this sort of prospecting, try it yourself: get an impact drill (one of those hand drills that vibrates up and down as it bores) with a one-inch masonry bit and try drilling/thwacking a 2.5 inch hold into an old piece of concrete (disclaimer: make sure it's your own concrete, not someone else's paving stone or patio--and be sure you're wearing proper eye protection gear). Now, if you've managed to do this, think about the fact that NASA has done this by remote control on Mars. Curiosity is doing some amazingly challenging work out there!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this moment the pulverized tablespoonful of pristine bedrock awaits being delivered to the instruments on Curiosity that will unlock all of its tantalizing chemical secrets--but maybe that can be the subject of a press release event in the near future. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/49829/mars-rovercuriosity-digs-a-little-deeper","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_742","quest_11741","quest_13200","quest_1751","quest_1918","quest_13202","quest_2457"],"featImg":"quest_49841","label":"quest"},"quest_48937":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_48937","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"48937","score":null,"sort":[1359129640000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"mars-mountainclimbing-mashup","title":"Mars Mountain Climbing Mashup!","publishDate":1359129640,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48939\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/25/mars-mountainclimbing-mashup/everest-sharp-comparison/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48939\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/everest-sharp-comparison.jpg\" alt=\"Comparison of heights of Mars' Mount Sharp and some of Earth's tallest mountains\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48939\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/everest-sharp-comparison.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/everest-sharp-comparison-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comparison of heights of Mars' Mount Sharp and some of Earth's tallest mountains\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ready for a real mash-up of explorer-history-science-mountaineering yack? A tale of two mountains on two planets? You have been forewarned...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The comparison between Earth-side mountain exploration and the planned expedition by the Mars rover Curiosity came to my mind as I read a book my family got me over the holidays: \u003cem>Last Climb\u003c/em>, the story of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/everest/lost/mystery/index.html\" title=\"George Mallory and Andrew Irvine\" target=\"_blank\">legendary Mount Everest expeditions\u003c/a> of George Leigh Mallory. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I knew that it is quite a physical feat to summit that 29,029 foot terrestrial rooftop, but the detailed narrative of the arduous climb by the earliest Everest-peak-seekers, with their 1920's technology and the fact that they were treading where in all likelihood no one had tread before, really put 1924 Everest onto another planet, in my mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now the \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/explore/curiosity/#286\" title=\"Explore Mars\" target=\"_blank\">first ever robot mountaineer\u003c/a> is poised to begin its uphill climb—if not summit bid—on Mount Sharp in Martian territory. NASA's Curiosity is still at the bottom of the mound of sediment that it is planned to explore, 16,000 feet below the summit. Since landing on Mars in August 2012, it has only \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/whereistherovernow/\" title=\"Curiosity's Trek\" target=\"_blank\">traveled about half a mile\u003c/a>, taking its time checking out its systems and instruments and exploring the geology at the foot of the mountain. It's already revealed some intriguing geological features, including a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/05/news-from-mars-a-river-ran-through-it/\" title=\"A River Ran Through It\" target=\"_blank\">layer of gravely material\u003c/a> that shows all the hallmarks of having been laid down by running water in Mars' past. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back to Everest in the early 1920s. At that time the Himalayan mountains -- and particularly Mount Everest -- were not unlike places on another planet, largely unexplored (by western explorers at least) and unknown territory. Satellite surveillance wouldn't exist for many decades yet, and armchair exploration with Google Earth was the better part of a century away. And, frankly, the first successful ascent to the summit was still two decades away through the icy mists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Step by painstaking step the expedition team members moved their way toward Everest, and then up its slopes, establishing supply lines and a string of support camps along the way. Not only was Everest then about as remote as Mars is today, it was also like another planet in terms of the environment: at Everest's lofty summit atmospheric pressure is about a third of that at sea level, temperatures dip far below freezing, solar radiation is harsh, and wind can cut like an icy knife. Another planet indeed, in some ways not unlike Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If only those explorers had been as well equipped as Curiosity: nuclear-powered, designed to withstand far more harsh conditions than even Everest and gripping the ground stably on six giant metal-treaded wheels. Makes me wonder if NASA, or anyone else, has ever considered an extended expedition of Everest using a robot like Curiosity, which would have far greater staying power to dwell at those heights, conduct geological experiments and maybe search for the frozen remains of dozens of unfortunate climbers who make up Everest's all-time fatality statistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apparently many of the bodies are still up there, it being too difficult a feat to bring them down, including George Mallory and his climbing partner Andrew Irvine. Mallory was found in 1999, and so far Irvine remains missing—along with the camera they took with them, which if ever found could shed some light onto these explorers' final hours on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you read all the way through this, thanks for indulging me. The other-worldness of that early Everest expedition just struck me as chilling and enthralling, just as the modern other-worldly investigation of distant Mount Sharp does, and the treasure trove of Martian geologic history that Curiosity will attempt to read as it climbs, wheel-turn by wheel-turn, up those mountain slopes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to make one final chilling comparison, Curiosity's ultimate fate, even after a successful mission, is similar to Mallory and Irvine's in one way: when it stops moving and communicating with Base Camp Earth, it will remain on that cold mountain forever.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The comparison between Earth-side mountain exploration and the planned expedition by the Mars rover Curiosity came to my mind as I read a book my family got me over the holidays: Last Climb, the story of the legendary Mount Everest expeditions of George Leigh Mallory. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370998111,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":696},"headData":{"title":"Mars Mountain Climbing Mashup! | KQED","description":"The comparison between Earth-side mountain exploration and the planned expedition by the Mars rover Curiosity came to my mind as I read a book my family got me over the holidays: Last Climb, the story of the legendary Mount Everest expeditions of George Leigh Mallory. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Mars Mountain Climbing Mashup!","datePublished":"2013-01-25T16:00:40.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T00:48:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"48937 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=48937","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/25/mars-mountainclimbing-mashup/","disqusTitle":"Mars Mountain Climbing Mashup!","path":"/quest/48937/mars-mountainclimbing-mashup","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48939\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/25/mars-mountainclimbing-mashup/everest-sharp-comparison/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48939\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/everest-sharp-comparison.jpg\" alt=\"Comparison of heights of Mars' Mount Sharp and some of Earth's tallest mountains\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48939\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/everest-sharp-comparison.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/everest-sharp-comparison-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comparison of heights of Mars' Mount Sharp and some of Earth's tallest mountains\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ready for a real mash-up of explorer-history-science-mountaineering yack? A tale of two mountains on two planets? You have been forewarned...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The comparison between Earth-side mountain exploration and the planned expedition by the Mars rover Curiosity came to my mind as I read a book my family got me over the holidays: \u003cem>Last Climb\u003c/em>, the story of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/everest/lost/mystery/index.html\" title=\"George Mallory and Andrew Irvine\" target=\"_blank\">legendary Mount Everest expeditions\u003c/a> of George Leigh Mallory. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I knew that it is quite a physical feat to summit that 29,029 foot terrestrial rooftop, but the detailed narrative of the arduous climb by the earliest Everest-peak-seekers, with their 1920's technology and the fact that they were treading where in all likelihood no one had tread before, really put 1924 Everest onto another planet, in my mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now the \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/explore/curiosity/#286\" title=\"Explore Mars\" target=\"_blank\">first ever robot mountaineer\u003c/a> is poised to begin its uphill climb—if not summit bid—on Mount Sharp in Martian territory. NASA's Curiosity is still at the bottom of the mound of sediment that it is planned to explore, 16,000 feet below the summit. Since landing on Mars in August 2012, it has only \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/whereistherovernow/\" title=\"Curiosity's Trek\" target=\"_blank\">traveled about half a mile\u003c/a>, taking its time checking out its systems and instruments and exploring the geology at the foot of the mountain. It's already revealed some intriguing geological features, including a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/05/news-from-mars-a-river-ran-through-it/\" title=\"A River Ran Through It\" target=\"_blank\">layer of gravely material\u003c/a> that shows all the hallmarks of having been laid down by running water in Mars' past. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back to Everest in the early 1920s. At that time the Himalayan mountains -- and particularly Mount Everest -- were not unlike places on another planet, largely unexplored (by western explorers at least) and unknown territory. Satellite surveillance wouldn't exist for many decades yet, and armchair exploration with Google Earth was the better part of a century away. And, frankly, the first successful ascent to the summit was still two decades away through the icy mists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Step by painstaking step the expedition team members moved their way toward Everest, and then up its slopes, establishing supply lines and a string of support camps along the way. Not only was Everest then about as remote as Mars is today, it was also like another planet in terms of the environment: at Everest's lofty summit atmospheric pressure is about a third of that at sea level, temperatures dip far below freezing, solar radiation is harsh, and wind can cut like an icy knife. Another planet indeed, in some ways not unlike Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If only those explorers had been as well equipped as Curiosity: nuclear-powered, designed to withstand far more harsh conditions than even Everest and gripping the ground stably on six giant metal-treaded wheels. Makes me wonder if NASA, or anyone else, has ever considered an extended expedition of Everest using a robot like Curiosity, which would have far greater staying power to dwell at those heights, conduct geological experiments and maybe search for the frozen remains of dozens of unfortunate climbers who make up Everest's all-time fatality statistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apparently many of the bodies are still up there, it being too difficult a feat to bring them down, including George Mallory and his climbing partner Andrew Irvine. Mallory was found in 1999, and so far Irvine remains missing—along with the camera they took with them, which if ever found could shed some light onto these explorers' final hours on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you read all the way through this, thanks for indulging me. The other-worldness of that early Everest expedition just struck me as chilling and enthralling, just as the modern other-worldly investigation of distant Mount Sharp does, and the treasure trove of Martian geologic history that Curiosity will attempt to read as it climbs, wheel-turn by wheel-turn, up those mountain slopes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to make one final chilling comparison, Curiosity's ultimate fate, even after a successful mission, is similar to Mallory and Irvine's in one way: when it stops moving and communicating with Base Camp Earth, it will remain on that cold mountain forever.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/48937/mars-mountainclimbing-mashup","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_544","quest_742","quest_11689","quest_11691","quest_11690","quest_1751","quest_1918","quest_13202","quest_2457","quest_11688"],"featImg":"quest_48939","label":"quest"},"quest_45570":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_45570","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"45570","score":null,"sort":[1349449226000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"news-from-mars-a-river-ran-through-it","title":"News From Mars: A River Ran Through It","publishDate":1349449226,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45577\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/05/news-from-mars-a-river-ran-through-it/marsgravel-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45577\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/marsgravel2.jpg\" alt=\"Mars streambed conglomerate compared to example on Earth. Credit: NASA/Mars Science Laboratory\" title=\"Mars streambed conglomerate compared to example on Earth. Credit: NASA/Mars Science Laboratory\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45577\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/marsgravel2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/marsgravel2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mars streambed conglomerate compared to example on Earth. Credit: NASA/Mars Science Laboratory\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The news from Mars just keeps getting better. NASA's Curiosity rover, now exploring the alluvium at the base of Mount Sharp in Gale Crater for over two months, \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1360\" title=\"NASA MSL News Release\" target=\"_blank\">has struck pay dirt\u003c/a>: the gravel and river stone conglomerate laid down by an ancient Martian stream!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing that bit of news was tantalizing, and seeing the photographic evidence a true thrill for someone who loves scratching around in the rocks and sand of the desert, looking for signs and clues of the geologic history of the place. Death Valley is my favorite hunting ground for signs of water--and why, you might ask, would I go looking for water in a desert? To that I would answer, looking for signs of water in a lake or river is just too darned easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pictorial evidence in question is a bed of gravel and rounded stones bound together by finer material that has solidified over time. The conglomerate rock is similar to examples of sediment found on Earth: solid layers a lot like very coarse concrete. The materials were washed down by river or stream action, transported from the locations where they originally eroded, and in the process of tumbling along with the flow the larger stones becoming rounded and smoothed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Mars, at the site of Curiosity's find near the bottom of a large alluvial fan (the pile of material deposited by stream action at the bottom end of a downhill flow), the layer of conglomerate material has been broken and upturned for the rover to see and examine—possibly by a meteorite impact in the past. Were it not for whatever had broken and exposed the layer, Curiosity's wheels may have rolled right over it, inches from the great find but unaware of it laying there under topsoil. From the size and appearance of the rocks in the conglomerate—from sand grain to golf ball sized—scientists estimate that the water which deposited the material probably moved along at a speed of three feet per second, and was anywhere from a few inches to two or three feet deep. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I recall some interesting formations out in the deserts of Northern Arizona, where I lived for a few years, which the Curiosity report from NASA reminded me of. In one particular spot, somewhere east of Flagstaff and maybe west of Winslow, are what I call \"petrified rivers\". Snaking around the flat desert just off the north shoulder of Interstate 40 is a winding network of raised \"roadways\" of rock, rising a foot or two off the ground and meandering about in the pattern of flowing streams. I learned that these features are sedimentary conglomerate rock laid down by streams that flowed there in the past and solidified over time. Then, long after the water stopped flowing as the region dried out, erosion by wind and rainfall gradually wore away the softer surrounding soils, leaving the harder streambed conglomerates intact, exposed for anyone passing on the Interstate to see and wonder about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water-laid conglomerate stone on Mars that Curiosity happened upon is a first. There has previously been plenty of evidence letting us speculate about past liquid water on Mars, from drainage channels viewed from orbit to various minerals found on the ground to ice buried under Mars' surface, but this new find is the first concrete evidence (so to speak) for actual water-transported material. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As always, each new discovery like this makes me ask, \"what's next?\" Really, I may be leaping too far ahead of conservative speculation here, but personally I'm hoping to see fossils….\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"NASA's Curiosity rover, now exploring the alluvium at the base of Mount Sharp in Gale Crater for over two months, has struck pay dirt: the gravel and river stone conglomerate laid down by an ancient Martian stream!","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370998350,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":621},"headData":{"title":"News From Mars: A River Ran Through It | KQED","description":"NASA's Curiosity rover, now exploring the alluvium at the base of Mount Sharp in Gale Crater for over two months, has struck pay dirt: the gravel and river stone conglomerate laid down by an ancient Martian stream!","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"News From Mars: A River Ran Through It","datePublished":"2012-10-05T15:00:26.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T00:52:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"45570 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=45570","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/05/news-from-mars-a-river-ran-through-it/","disqusTitle":"News From Mars: A River Ran Through It","path":"/quest/45570/news-from-mars-a-river-ran-through-it","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45577\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/05/news-from-mars-a-river-ran-through-it/marsgravel-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45577\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/marsgravel2.jpg\" alt=\"Mars streambed conglomerate compared to example on Earth. Credit: NASA/Mars Science Laboratory\" title=\"Mars streambed conglomerate compared to example on Earth. Credit: NASA/Mars Science Laboratory\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45577\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/marsgravel2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/marsgravel2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mars streambed conglomerate compared to example on Earth. Credit: NASA/Mars Science Laboratory\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The news from Mars just keeps getting better. NASA's Curiosity rover, now exploring the alluvium at the base of Mount Sharp in Gale Crater for over two months, \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1360\" title=\"NASA MSL News Release\" target=\"_blank\">has struck pay dirt\u003c/a>: the gravel and river stone conglomerate laid down by an ancient Martian stream!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing that bit of news was tantalizing, and seeing the photographic evidence a true thrill for someone who loves scratching around in the rocks and sand of the desert, looking for signs and clues of the geologic history of the place. Death Valley is my favorite hunting ground for signs of water--and why, you might ask, would I go looking for water in a desert? To that I would answer, looking for signs of water in a lake or river is just too darned easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pictorial evidence in question is a bed of gravel and rounded stones bound together by finer material that has solidified over time. The conglomerate rock is similar to examples of sediment found on Earth: solid layers a lot like very coarse concrete. The materials were washed down by river or stream action, transported from the locations where they originally eroded, and in the process of tumbling along with the flow the larger stones becoming rounded and smoothed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Mars, at the site of Curiosity's find near the bottom of a large alluvial fan (the pile of material deposited by stream action at the bottom end of a downhill flow), the layer of conglomerate material has been broken and upturned for the rover to see and examine—possibly by a meteorite impact in the past. Were it not for whatever had broken and exposed the layer, Curiosity's wheels may have rolled right over it, inches from the great find but unaware of it laying there under topsoil. From the size and appearance of the rocks in the conglomerate—from sand grain to golf ball sized—scientists estimate that the water which deposited the material probably moved along at a speed of three feet per second, and was anywhere from a few inches to two or three feet deep. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I recall some interesting formations out in the deserts of Northern Arizona, where I lived for a few years, which the Curiosity report from NASA reminded me of. In one particular spot, somewhere east of Flagstaff and maybe west of Winslow, are what I call \"petrified rivers\". Snaking around the flat desert just off the north shoulder of Interstate 40 is a winding network of raised \"roadways\" of rock, rising a foot or two off the ground and meandering about in the pattern of flowing streams. I learned that these features are sedimentary conglomerate rock laid down by streams that flowed there in the past and solidified over time. Then, long after the water stopped flowing as the region dried out, erosion by wind and rainfall gradually wore away the softer surrounding soils, leaving the harder streambed conglomerates intact, exposed for anyone passing on the Interstate to see and wonder about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water-laid conglomerate stone on Mars that Curiosity happened upon is a first. There has previously been plenty of evidence letting us speculate about past liquid water on Mars, from drainage channels viewed from orbit to various minerals found on the ground to ice buried under Mars' surface, but this new find is the first concrete evidence (so to speak) for actual water-transported material. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As always, each new discovery like this makes me ask, \"what's next?\" Really, I may be leaping too far ahead of conservative speculation here, but personally I'm hoping to see fossils….\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/45570/news-from-mars-a-river-ran-through-it","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_544","quest_3528","quest_742","quest_10259","quest_1751","quest_11516","quest_13202","quest_10016","quest_2457","quest_3108"],"featImg":"quest_45572","label":"quest"},"quest_42610":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_42610","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"42610","score":null,"sort":[1345042849000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nasas-roving-robotic-chemist-will-collect-clues-for-life-on-mars","title":"NASA's Roving Robotic Chemist Will Collect Clues For Life on Mars","publishDate":1345042849,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42612\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/15/nasas-roving-robotic-chemist-will-collect-clues-for-life-on-mars/curiosity-resize/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42612\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-42612\" title=\"curiosity resize\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/curiosity-resize-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Curiosity rover\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist’s rendition of the Mars rover Curiosity, a robotic chemist and geologist. Credit: {link url=\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On August 5, the world was abuzz about a rover named Curiosity landing on Mars. Now that feat of \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/video/index.cfm?id=1090\">masterful engineering\u003c/a> is over, the rover wakes up, starts its instruments and begins its business of chemistry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More specifically, Curiosity is looking for elements and molecules that could be clues to past life on the planet. Elemental analysis is one of the most basic things chemists do, as it helps them figure out products formed in a reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In graduate school, I worked in a lab that built complicated molecules that could be potential medicines. I mixed powders and liquids in a flask, waited for a reaction and then set about identifying what I made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the time I started a reaction knowing what the products should be. Sometimes I retrieved those products. Other times the reaction took an unexpected turn and I collected products with too few or too many atoms. That's when the chemical detective work began. Knowing what products the reaction created, I used my knowledge of chemistry, the reaction conditions, and the materials in the flask to guess how those side products might have formed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity, the wandering robotic chemist, might find molecular products like methane or protein building blocks possibly formed by past life on Mars and now trapped in rocks and minerals. But scientists analyzing the significance of those clues have an extra challenge that I didn’t: They don’t know reaction conditions on the planet, like time, temperature and acidity, which could affect how those products formed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the minerals themselves, and the planet’s atmosphere, have information to help fill that knowledge gap. The rover vaporizes some rocks with a laser and identifies the elements in the rocks \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/the-curious-wavefunction/2012/08/08/light-crystals-and-a-chemist-called-curiosity/\">based on emitted light\u003c/a>. If a rock contains salts like sodium and potassium, then perhaps it formed in a watery environment. Other elemental indicators tell the scientists if that water was too acidic to support life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://arstechnica.com/science/2012/05/carbon-in-rocks-frm-mars-comes-from-volcanoes-not-life/\">recent study \u003c/a>of Martian meteorites used a similar approach to conclude that carbon in the rocks came from volcanoes, not life. The scientists aimed a powerful laser at mineral grains in slices of the meteorite, identifying the elements in the minerals and structure of the carbon-containing compounds. The minerals likely formed in volcanoes; thus the graphite-like clusters inside the grains likely came from volcanoes too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That mystery about the origin of carbon in Martian meteorites took 15 years to solve, because other experiments couldn’t rule out the possibility that the carbon formed while the meteorite sat on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Curiosity finds molecules that might be evidence for the existence of life as we know it, scientists have to rule out similar contamination issues. Perhaps the molecules formed in the planet’s atmosphere and fell to the surface, or maybe compounds in the soil altered the measurements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elemental analysis of minerals will help scientists identify the environment on Mars about one to two billion years ago, during the middle of its known life. With those clues to the reaction conditions on the planet, scientists can then work backwards to figure out if the planet could have sustained life. I look forward to following how Curiosity helps scientists unravel \u003ca href=\"http://www.msl-chemcam.com/index.php?menu=inc&page_consult=textes&rubrique=63&sousrubrique=208&soussousrubrique=0&titre_url=Curiosity%20-%20Why%20Mars?\">complex questions\u003c/a> about past habitability on Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More reading:\u003cbr>\n1. \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/science/\">Science experiments\u003c/a> on Curiosity, from NASA\u003cbr>\n2. Details of some chemistry instruments on Curiosity:\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.springerlink.com/content/p26510688kg4q808/fulltext.pdf?MUD=MP\">Sample Analysis at Mars\u003c/a>, identifying carbon-containing compounds using instruments common to many labs here on Earth\u003cbr>\n3. \u003ca href=\"http://www.msl-chemcam.com/index.php?menu=inc&page_consult=textes&rubrique=64&sousrubrique=223&soussousrubrique=0&titre_url=ChemCam%20-%20What%20will%20ChemCam%20tell%20us?\">ChemCam\u003c/a>, studying the composition of rocks on a small scale and looking for interesting places to study with \u003ca href=\"http://msl-scicorner.jpl.nasa.gov/Instruments/CheMin/\">CheMin\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Scientists are looking for elements and molecules that signify life as we know it. But even if they don’t find those molecules, minerals contain important information about the Martian environment. That could help scientists determine if life could have survived on the planet. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1346782090,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":620},"headData":{"title":"NASA's Roving Robotic Chemist Will Collect Clues For Life on Mars | KQED","description":"Scientists are looking for elements and molecules that signify life as we know it. But even if they don’t find those molecules, minerals contain important information about the Martian environment. That could help scientists determine if life could have survived on the planet. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"NASA's Roving Robotic Chemist Will Collect Clues For Life on Mars","datePublished":"2012-08-15T15:00:49.000Z","dateModified":"2012-09-04T18:08:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"42610 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=42610","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/15/nasas-roving-robotic-chemist-will-collect-clues-for-life-on-mars/","disqusTitle":"NASA's Roving Robotic Chemist Will Collect Clues For Life on Mars","path":"/quest/42610/nasas-roving-robotic-chemist-will-collect-clues-for-life-on-mars","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42612\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/15/nasas-roving-robotic-chemist-will-collect-clues-for-life-on-mars/curiosity-resize/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42612\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-42612\" title=\"curiosity resize\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/curiosity-resize-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Curiosity rover\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist’s rendition of the Mars rover Curiosity, a robotic chemist and geologist. Credit: {link url=\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On August 5, the world was abuzz about a rover named Curiosity landing on Mars. Now that feat of \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/video/index.cfm?id=1090\">masterful engineering\u003c/a> is over, the rover wakes up, starts its instruments and begins its business of chemistry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More specifically, Curiosity is looking for elements and molecules that could be clues to past life on the planet. Elemental analysis is one of the most basic things chemists do, as it helps them figure out products formed in a reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In graduate school, I worked in a lab that built complicated molecules that could be potential medicines. I mixed powders and liquids in a flask, waited for a reaction and then set about identifying what I made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the time I started a reaction knowing what the products should be. Sometimes I retrieved those products. Other times the reaction took an unexpected turn and I collected products with too few or too many atoms. That's when the chemical detective work began. Knowing what products the reaction created, I used my knowledge of chemistry, the reaction conditions, and the materials in the flask to guess how those side products might have formed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity, the wandering robotic chemist, might find molecular products like methane or protein building blocks possibly formed by past life on Mars and now trapped in rocks and minerals. But scientists analyzing the significance of those clues have an extra challenge that I didn’t: They don’t know reaction conditions on the planet, like time, temperature and acidity, which could affect how those products formed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the minerals themselves, and the planet’s atmosphere, have information to help fill that knowledge gap. The rover vaporizes some rocks with a laser and identifies the elements in the rocks \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/the-curious-wavefunction/2012/08/08/light-crystals-and-a-chemist-called-curiosity/\">based on emitted light\u003c/a>. If a rock contains salts like sodium and potassium, then perhaps it formed in a watery environment. Other elemental indicators tell the scientists if that water was too acidic to support life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://arstechnica.com/science/2012/05/carbon-in-rocks-frm-mars-comes-from-volcanoes-not-life/\">recent study \u003c/a>of Martian meteorites used a similar approach to conclude that carbon in the rocks came from volcanoes, not life. The scientists aimed a powerful laser at mineral grains in slices of the meteorite, identifying the elements in the minerals and structure of the carbon-containing compounds. The minerals likely formed in volcanoes; thus the graphite-like clusters inside the grains likely came from volcanoes too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That mystery about the origin of carbon in Martian meteorites took 15 years to solve, because other experiments couldn’t rule out the possibility that the carbon formed while the meteorite sat on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Curiosity finds molecules that might be evidence for the existence of life as we know it, scientists have to rule out similar contamination issues. Perhaps the molecules formed in the planet’s atmosphere and fell to the surface, or maybe compounds in the soil altered the measurements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elemental analysis of minerals will help scientists identify the environment on Mars about one to two billion years ago, during the middle of its known life. With those clues to the reaction conditions on the planet, scientists can then work backwards to figure out if the planet could have sustained life. I look forward to following how Curiosity helps scientists unravel \u003ca href=\"http://www.msl-chemcam.com/index.php?menu=inc&page_consult=textes&rubrique=63&sousrubrique=208&soussousrubrique=0&titre_url=Curiosity%20-%20Why%20Mars?\">complex questions\u003c/a> about past habitability on Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More reading:\u003cbr>\n1. \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/science/\">Science experiments\u003c/a> on Curiosity, from NASA\u003cbr>\n2. Details of some chemistry instruments on Curiosity:\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.springerlink.com/content/p26510688kg4q808/fulltext.pdf?MUD=MP\">Sample Analysis at Mars\u003c/a>, identifying carbon-containing compounds using instruments common to many labs here on Earth\u003cbr>\n3. \u003ca href=\"http://www.msl-chemcam.com/index.php?menu=inc&page_consult=textes&rubrique=64&sousrubrique=223&soussousrubrique=0&titre_url=ChemCam%20-%20What%20will%20ChemCam%20tell%20us?\">ChemCam\u003c/a>, studying the composition of rocks on a small scale and looking for interesting places to study with \u003ca href=\"http://msl-scicorner.jpl.nasa.gov/Instruments/CheMin/\">CheMin\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/42610/nasas-roving-robotic-chemist-will-collect-clues-for-life-on-mars","authors":["10331"],"categories":["quest_3","quest_5","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_13194","quest_742","quest_13200","quest_3351","quest_1751","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_2457"],"featImg":"quest_42612","label":"quest"},"quest_25736":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_25736","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"25736","score":null,"sort":[1318002877000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dumpster-diving-on-mars","title":"Dumpster Diving on Mars","publishDate":1318002877,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25737\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/07/dumpster-diving-on-mars/galecrater7a/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25737\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/galecrater7a.jpg\" alt=\"Gale Crater on Mars\" title=\"Gale Crater on Mars\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25737\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/galecrater7a.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/galecrater7a-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gale Crater, the destination for NASA's new rover Curiosity. Credit: NASA, Google Earth\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ready for yet another great Martian adventure? Another prestigious interplanetary mission to that fabled world? The next technological ambassadorship of space-age robots and exotic landscapes? Or, how about an inglorious romp to go dumpster diving to sift through a pile of geological garbage…?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, get set; on \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/news/msl20110928.html\">November 25th the launch window opens\u003c/a> for NASA’s next Mars rover, “Curiosity,” which will arrive over yonder next August. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inglorious dumpster diving? What’s NASA got planned this time, anyway?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answer: Gale Crater, a large impact blast about 1400 miles to the west of Gusev Crater, where the rover Spirit now sits motionless—and incommunicado—in its last rusting place. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I heard that Curiosity was bound for Gale Crater, my first impulse was to start up Google Earth, switch to Mars mode, and zoom in on Gale Crater for a landing to see, at least superficially, what might be of interest there to an explorer. (You can do this too; download Google Earth at \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/earth\">www.google.com/earth\u003c/a>, select Mars, and search for Gale Crater.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My first Google-vista of Gale, which included several overlaid strips of high-resolution imagery from the \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/news/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=968\">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u003c/a> (MRO), hinted that there may be a LOT of interest here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gale Crater, about 90 miles across, sports a really large mountain right in the middle—mostly filling the bowl, in fact. The mountain, whose peak rises around 2700 feet above average Martian surface level (can’t say sea level there…not in the present day, at least), towers 3 miles above the deepest part of the crater surrounding it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I zoomed in on an MRO overlay of a canyon high on the mountain, finding what looks like layered deposits exposed by whatever cutting action had carved the canyon in the past. The landscape I find there is stunning, the details rich. I almost feel as though I’ve stood where Curiosity is soon to tread. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rover will be set down by a sort of rocket-propelled winch, lowered gently to the base of the mountain where an alluvial fan promises potential riches. Not wind-worn pebbles of solid gold, not fist-sized chunks of diamond—well, probably not—but rather the riches of dirt that may have been deposited there by the action of water. A dumpster of chemical, geological, and potentially biological history. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons Gale Crater was chosen as Curiosity’s destination is that it is a deep, low-altitude impact crater, situated at a “downhill” destination where water, if indeed it did flow on Mars long ago, is very likely to have converged, dumping all sorts of soil, rock, and whatever else might have come along for the ride. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity carries ten instruments designed to conduct a range of measurements, including chemical analysis of soil and rock samples in search of organic compounds that may have been preserved. Where Curiosity’s predecessors, Spirit and Opportunity, have looked for the chemical signs of past water to help tell us whether Mars was ever hospital to life, Curiosity will look for the leftovers of life itself. And in the bottom-lands of Gale Crater, at the foot of a huge mountain from which the rubble of layer upon layer of history has been scoured, it will be in a really good place to do it.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Ready for another great adventure to that fabled world, Mars? How about an interplanetary dumpster dive? Curious? Come with us to Gale Crater.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371060113,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":590},"headData":{"title":"Dumpster Diving on Mars | KQED","description":"Ready for another great adventure to that fabled world, Mars? How about an interplanetary dumpster dive? Curious? Come with us to Gale Crater.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Dumpster Diving on Mars","datePublished":"2011-10-07T15:54:37.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T18:01:53.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"25736 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=25736","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/07/dumpster-diving-on-mars/","disqusTitle":"Dumpster Diving on Mars","path":"/quest/25736/dumpster-diving-on-mars","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25737\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/07/dumpster-diving-on-mars/galecrater7a/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25737\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/galecrater7a.jpg\" alt=\"Gale Crater on Mars\" title=\"Gale Crater on Mars\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25737\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/galecrater7a.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/galecrater7a-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gale Crater, the destination for NASA's new rover Curiosity. Credit: NASA, Google Earth\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ready for yet another great Martian adventure? Another prestigious interplanetary mission to that fabled world? The next technological ambassadorship of space-age robots and exotic landscapes? Or, how about an inglorious romp to go dumpster diving to sift through a pile of geological garbage…?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, get set; on \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/news/msl20110928.html\">November 25th the launch window opens\u003c/a> for NASA’s next Mars rover, “Curiosity,” which will arrive over yonder next August. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inglorious dumpster diving? What’s NASA got planned this time, anyway?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answer: Gale Crater, a large impact blast about 1400 miles to the west of Gusev Crater, where the rover Spirit now sits motionless—and incommunicado—in its last rusting place. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I heard that Curiosity was bound for Gale Crater, my first impulse was to start up Google Earth, switch to Mars mode, and zoom in on Gale Crater for a landing to see, at least superficially, what might be of interest there to an explorer. (You can do this too; download Google Earth at \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/earth\">www.google.com/earth\u003c/a>, select Mars, and search for Gale Crater.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My first Google-vista of Gale, which included several overlaid strips of high-resolution imagery from the \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/news/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=968\">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u003c/a> (MRO), hinted that there may be a LOT of interest here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gale Crater, about 90 miles across, sports a really large mountain right in the middle—mostly filling the bowl, in fact. The mountain, whose peak rises around 2700 feet above average Martian surface level (can’t say sea level there…not in the present day, at least), towers 3 miles above the deepest part of the crater surrounding it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I zoomed in on an MRO overlay of a canyon high on the mountain, finding what looks like layered deposits exposed by whatever cutting action had carved the canyon in the past. The landscape I find there is stunning, the details rich. I almost feel as though I’ve stood where Curiosity is soon to tread. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rover will be set down by a sort of rocket-propelled winch, lowered gently to the base of the mountain where an alluvial fan promises potential riches. Not wind-worn pebbles of solid gold, not fist-sized chunks of diamond—well, probably not—but rather the riches of dirt that may have been deposited there by the action of water. A dumpster of chemical, geological, and potentially biological history. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons Gale Crater was chosen as Curiosity’s destination is that it is a deep, low-altitude impact crater, situated at a “downhill” destination where water, if indeed it did flow on Mars long ago, is very likely to have converged, dumping all sorts of soil, rock, and whatever else might have come along for the ride. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity carries ten instruments designed to conduct a range of measurements, including chemical analysis of soil and rock samples in search of organic compounds that may have been preserved. Where Curiosity’s predecessors, Spirit and Opportunity, have looked for the chemical signs of past water to help tell us whether Mars was ever hospital to life, Curiosity will look for the leftovers of life itself. And in the bottom-lands of Gale Crater, at the foot of a huge mountain from which the rubble of layer upon layer of history has been scoured, it will be in a really good place to do it.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/25736/dumpster-diving-on-mars","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_544","quest_742","quest_10259","quest_1751","quest_3647","quest_1918","quest_2079","quest_13202","quest_2457","quest_2760"],"featImg":"quest_25737","label":"quest"},"quest_24873":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_24873","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"24873","score":null,"sort":[1316792400000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"opportunitys-endeavour","title":"Opportunity's Endeavour","publishDate":1316792400,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24874\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 623px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/23/opportunitys-endeavour/endeavour-crater/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-24874\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/endeavour-crater.jpg\" alt=\"Opportunity's Three Year Trek-Victoria to Endeavour Crater\" title=\"Opportunity's Three Year Trek-Victoria to Endeavour Crater\" width=\"623\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24874\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/endeavour-crater.jpg 623w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/endeavour-crater-400x231.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Endeavour Crater; Credit: NASA, Google Earth\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Who’d’ve thought back in 2004, when NASA’s twin Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity set wheels on Martia-firma, that one would still be roving nearly eight years later? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who would have imagined three years ago, when the already veteran Opportunity set forth from its two-year prospecting site at Victoria Crater on a long march to the much larger Endeavour Crater, that the Fates would actually NOT stop this Energizer-Bunny dead in its tracks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, enough jaw-dropping incredulity. Some things CAN be built to last….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About three weeks ago,\u003ca href=\"http://marsrover.nasa.gov/newsroom/pressreleases/20110901a.html\"> Opportunity reached the rim \u003c/a>of the 14-mile wide Endeavour Crater, after clocking nearly 21 miles since its landing seven and a half years ago. By Earth-rover standards, that’s about one round trip to work and home again for me, and about 25 minutes of my time—but Opportunity’s commute is a far greater feat, alone on another world, long minutes away even by radio waves, no service garages for maintenance, no fuel stations other than the daily dose of energy doled out by the Sun. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first things Opportunity did upon reaching the rim of the giant crater, after taking some pictures to give us the lay of the land, was to examine some rocks. After all, more than anything else, the Mars Exploration Rovers are geologists, or rock hounds, sent to tell us about the Martian environment, today and in the past, through the chemical makeup and stratigraphy of the rocks and soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data from orbital spacecraft have shown that the materials at the rim of Endeavour may date back to early in Martian history, making for fertile ground in Opportunity’s quest to uncover clues to the planet’s past. Evidence for the presence of clay minerals, possibly formed under wet conditions favorable to life, has been brought to light—which really adds some excitement to the rover’s rock hounding exploits to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Opportunity’s approach to the crater rim, it spotted in the distance unusual outcroppings, and a “shelf” of what looks like sedimentary rock with inclusions of material that may have been deposited by water action. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water water water, the watch-words of Martian exploration for many years. Where there is, or was, water, perhaps there is, or was, some form of life. And while the Mars Exploration Rovers weren’t designed to look for signs of life directly, their larger, better equipped descendant, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/index.html\">Curiosity\u003c/a>, to be launched in November, is. Curiosity, do tell…. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a child I liked to imagine what it would be like to land on and walk about the surface of Mars. Mind you, back then we had no images from Mars’ surface—not until 1976 when Viking landed. We had low-res images taken from space, and plenty of science fiction sound stage backdrops and sets from various TV shows and films (and a Mars stand-in, Death Valley, in Robinson Crusoe on Mars). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opportunity still appears to be in good shape, so the odyssey of its exploration seems to have a good chance of delivering yet another episode of the \u003cem>Life (?) and Times of Mars\u003c/em>….\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"NASA's Opportunity rover has reached the goal of its three-year slog across the landscape of Mars!","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371060164,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":554},"headData":{"title":"Opportunity's Endeavour | KQED","description":"NASA's Opportunity rover has reached the goal of its three-year slog across the landscape of Mars!","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Opportunity's Endeavour","datePublished":"2011-09-23T15:40:00.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T18:02:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"24873 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=24873","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/23/opportunitys-endeavour/","disqusTitle":"Opportunity's Endeavour","path":"/quest/24873/opportunitys-endeavour","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24874\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 623px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/23/opportunitys-endeavour/endeavour-crater/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-24874\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/endeavour-crater.jpg\" alt=\"Opportunity's Three Year Trek-Victoria to Endeavour Crater\" title=\"Opportunity's Three Year Trek-Victoria to Endeavour Crater\" width=\"623\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24874\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/endeavour-crater.jpg 623w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/endeavour-crater-400x231.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Endeavour Crater; Credit: NASA, Google Earth\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Who’d’ve thought back in 2004, when NASA’s twin Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity set wheels on Martia-firma, that one would still be roving nearly eight years later? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who would have imagined three years ago, when the already veteran Opportunity set forth from its two-year prospecting site at Victoria Crater on a long march to the much larger Endeavour Crater, that the Fates would actually NOT stop this Energizer-Bunny dead in its tracks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, enough jaw-dropping incredulity. Some things CAN be built to last….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About three weeks ago,\u003ca href=\"http://marsrover.nasa.gov/newsroom/pressreleases/20110901a.html\"> Opportunity reached the rim \u003c/a>of the 14-mile wide Endeavour Crater, after clocking nearly 21 miles since its landing seven and a half years ago. By Earth-rover standards, that’s about one round trip to work and home again for me, and about 25 minutes of my time—but Opportunity’s commute is a far greater feat, alone on another world, long minutes away even by radio waves, no service garages for maintenance, no fuel stations other than the daily dose of energy doled out by the Sun. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first things Opportunity did upon reaching the rim of the giant crater, after taking some pictures to give us the lay of the land, was to examine some rocks. After all, more than anything else, the Mars Exploration Rovers are geologists, or rock hounds, sent to tell us about the Martian environment, today and in the past, through the chemical makeup and stratigraphy of the rocks and soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data from orbital spacecraft have shown that the materials at the rim of Endeavour may date back to early in Martian history, making for fertile ground in Opportunity’s quest to uncover clues to the planet’s past. Evidence for the presence of clay minerals, possibly formed under wet conditions favorable to life, has been brought to light—which really adds some excitement to the rover’s rock hounding exploits to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Opportunity’s approach to the crater rim, it spotted in the distance unusual outcroppings, and a “shelf” of what looks like sedimentary rock with inclusions of material that may have been deposited by water action. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water water water, the watch-words of Martian exploration for many years. Where there is, or was, water, perhaps there is, or was, some form of life. And while the Mars Exploration Rovers weren’t designed to look for signs of life directly, their larger, better equipped descendant, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/index.html\">Curiosity\u003c/a>, to be launched in November, is. Curiosity, do tell…. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a child I liked to imagine what it would be like to land on and walk about the surface of Mars. Mind you, back then we had no images from Mars’ surface—not until 1976 when Viking landed. We had low-res images taken from space, and plenty of science fiction sound stage backdrops and sets from various TV shows and films (and a Mars stand-in, Death Valley, in Robinson Crusoe on Mars). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opportunity still appears to be in good shape, so the odyssey of its exploration seems to have a good chance of delivering yet another episode of the \u003cem>Life (?) and Times of Mars\u003c/em>….\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/24873/opportunitys-endeavour","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_544","quest_722","quest_742","quest_3561","quest_1751","quest_10192","quest_1918","quest_2079","quest_13202","quest_2457"],"featImg":"quest_24874","label":"quest"},"quest_4804":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_4804","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"4804","score":null,"sort":[1263574821000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"martian-robot-roundup","title":"Martian Robot Roundup","publishDate":1263574821,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/01/MRO-gullies.jpg\">\u003cem>Gullies in wall of Hale Crater. Credit: NASA/MRO\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Out of about \u003ca href=\"http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/log/\">40 robotic missions \u003c/a>launched toward Mars since the early 1960's, about 17 of them have been successful (I say \"about\" to hedge my bets, because the \"success\" of some of those missions is a bit gray), and of all of those, three orbiters, two rovers, and maybe—MAYbe—one lander are still active. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a quick status on the active ones: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/\">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u003c/a>: The most recent arrival at Mars (2006), MRO's 5-year mission (hmmm—sound vaguely familiar?) is to study the history of water and climate on Mars, as well as to serve as a telecommunications relay for other spacecraft. Armed with a suite of powerful instruments to study the atmosphere, surface, and subsurface of Mars—including a camera, \u003ca href=\"http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/katalogos.php\">HiRISE\u003c/a>, that can almost read the license plates on Martian automobiles—MRO has to date sent back more data than all other Mars missions combined. It's not been a glitchless flight, however: in 2009, MRO's computer reset itself four times for unknown reasons; the last reset, in August, was followed by a 4-month operational hiatus as Earth-side controllers performed some careful programming updates to help guard against effects of any future resets. MRO resumed operation in December. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey/\">Mars Odyssey 2001\u003c/a>: NASA's 2001 Odyssey is still going fine after nine years—although the computer glitchiness out around Mars seems to be catching: Odyssey's computer put itself into a safe mode last November 2009 in response to a memory error. This was corrected and Odyssey has resumed doing science. Among Odyssey's major discoveries was the detection of huge expanses of water ice just under the surface of polar lowlands, and the surveying of \u003ca href=\"http://uanews.org/node/22563\">deposits of water-related minerals \u003c/a>in various locations around the planet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/area/index.cfm?fareaid=9\">Mars Express\u003c/a>: Arriving at Mars in 2004, Mars Express became the European Space Agency's first mission to another planet, which was recently extended to 2012. Though the Beagle 2 lander component of the mission fell to Mars and was never heard from again, the Mars Express orbiter has sent back years of captivating images and important data, including the confirmation of methane in Mars' atmosphere (whose source is in all likelihood subsurface, and the origin of which—organic or inorganic processes—is being debated). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity: After six years of crawling around Meridiani Planum discovering chemical and geological evidence for past water on Mars, Opportunity is now on a long march to a large impact crater, which it will reach (if it can keep on running) in about two years. Currently, the rover has stopped to RAT out chemical and geological information from a rock called \u003ca href=\"http://marsrover.nasa.gov/gallery/press/opportunity/20091125a.html\">Marquette Island\u003c/a>—the RAT is its rock abrasion tool, or rock grinder. Still going….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://marsrover.nasa.gov/newsroom/pressreleases/20091231a.html\">Mars Exploration Rover Spirit\u003c/a>: Also still alive after six years—almost 25 times longer than it was planned to run—Spirit has been stuck in a sand bog for the last six months. With a couple of wheels on the fritz, Earth-side operators have been confounded in trying to free the robot—but Spirit has continued to make scientific measurements anyway…and in fact made a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/12/18/spirit-digs-a-little-deeper-into-martian-geology/\">significant discovery \u003c/a>in the course of trying to get unstuck. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/phoenix/main/index.html\">Phoenix lander\u003c/a>: Although it's been in the deep dark freeze of a Martian winter since November 2008, the Phoenix lander has an outside chance of survival. Now that light is returning to Phoenix's landing site, NASA is listening for the robot's radio signal, in case the return of solar power means that Phoenix will rise from the frost and live again! So far, no such signal….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next up: The \u003ca href=\"http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/\">Mars Science Laboratory \u003c/a>rover, \"Curiosity.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Out of about 17 successul Mars missions, three orbiters, two rovers, and maybe—MAYbe—one lander are still active.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371077606,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":642},"headData":{"title":"Martian Robot Roundup | KQED","description":"Out of about 17 successul Mars missions, three orbiters, two rovers, and maybe—MAYbe—one lander are still active.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Martian Robot Roundup","datePublished":"2010-01-15T17:00:21.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T22:53:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"4804 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=4804","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/01/15/martian-robot-roundup/","disqusTitle":"Martian Robot Roundup","path":"/quest/4804/martian-robot-roundup","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/01/MRO-gullies.jpg\">\u003cem>Gullies in wall of Hale Crater. Credit: NASA/MRO\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Out of about \u003ca href=\"http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/log/\">40 robotic missions \u003c/a>launched toward Mars since the early 1960's, about 17 of them have been successful (I say \"about\" to hedge my bets, because the \"success\" of some of those missions is a bit gray), and of all of those, three orbiters, two rovers, and maybe—MAYbe—one lander are still active. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a quick status on the active ones: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/\">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u003c/a>: The most recent arrival at Mars (2006), MRO's 5-year mission (hmmm—sound vaguely familiar?) is to study the history of water and climate on Mars, as well as to serve as a telecommunications relay for other spacecraft. Armed with a suite of powerful instruments to study the atmosphere, surface, and subsurface of Mars—including a camera, \u003ca href=\"http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/katalogos.php\">HiRISE\u003c/a>, that can almost read the license plates on Martian automobiles—MRO has to date sent back more data than all other Mars missions combined. It's not been a glitchless flight, however: in 2009, MRO's computer reset itself four times for unknown reasons; the last reset, in August, was followed by a 4-month operational hiatus as Earth-side controllers performed some careful programming updates to help guard against effects of any future resets. MRO resumed operation in December. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey/\">Mars Odyssey 2001\u003c/a>: NASA's 2001 Odyssey is still going fine after nine years—although the computer glitchiness out around Mars seems to be catching: Odyssey's computer put itself into a safe mode last November 2009 in response to a memory error. This was corrected and Odyssey has resumed doing science. Among Odyssey's major discoveries was the detection of huge expanses of water ice just under the surface of polar lowlands, and the surveying of \u003ca href=\"http://uanews.org/node/22563\">deposits of water-related minerals \u003c/a>in various locations around the planet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/area/index.cfm?fareaid=9\">Mars Express\u003c/a>: Arriving at Mars in 2004, Mars Express became the European Space Agency's first mission to another planet, which was recently extended to 2012. Though the Beagle 2 lander component of the mission fell to Mars and was never heard from again, the Mars Express orbiter has sent back years of captivating images and important data, including the confirmation of methane in Mars' atmosphere (whose source is in all likelihood subsurface, and the origin of which—organic or inorganic processes—is being debated). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity: After six years of crawling around Meridiani Planum discovering chemical and geological evidence for past water on Mars, Opportunity is now on a long march to a large impact crater, which it will reach (if it can keep on running) in about two years. Currently, the rover has stopped to RAT out chemical and geological information from a rock called \u003ca href=\"http://marsrover.nasa.gov/gallery/press/opportunity/20091125a.html\">Marquette Island\u003c/a>—the RAT is its rock abrasion tool, or rock grinder. Still going….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://marsrover.nasa.gov/newsroom/pressreleases/20091231a.html\">Mars Exploration Rover Spirit\u003c/a>: Also still alive after six years—almost 25 times longer than it was planned to run—Spirit has been stuck in a sand bog for the last six months. With a couple of wheels on the fritz, Earth-side operators have been confounded in trying to free the robot—but Spirit has continued to make scientific measurements anyway…and in fact made a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/12/18/spirit-digs-a-little-deeper-into-martian-geology/\">significant discovery \u003c/a>in the course of trying to get unstuck. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/phoenix/main/index.html\">Phoenix lander\u003c/a>: Although it's been in the deep dark freeze of a Martian winter since November 2008, the Phoenix lander has an outside chance of survival. Now that light is returning to Phoenix's landing site, NASA is listening for the robot's radio signal, in case the return of solar power means that Phoenix will rise from the frost and live again! So far, no such signal….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next up: The \u003ca href=\"http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/\">Mars Science Laboratory \u003c/a>rover, \"Curiosity.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/4804/martian-robot-roundup","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_1019","quest_1046","quest_1606","quest_1751","quest_1918","quest_2053","quest_2079","quest_2085","quest_2384","quest_2457","quest_2760"],"label":"quest"},"quest_3334":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_3334","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"3334","score":null,"sort":[1250366258000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"mars-rock-talks-opportunity-listens","title":"Mars Rock Talks, Opportunity Listens","publishDate":1250366258,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/08/090811-block-island-02.jpg\">\u003cem>Block Island—a half-ton meteorite found on Mars by NASA's \u003cbr>Opportunity rover.Image credit, NASA/MER Opportunity\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Ever been driving down a lonely desert highway when you suddenly glimpse something in the corner of your eye that makes you think, \"What was that?!\" You brake, tires screech, you spin the wheel and make a wild U-turn, cutting into the shoulder and leaving a rooster-tail of dust as you floor the gas to get back to what you thought you saw….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, dramatic desert car scene ended. That would be the Hollywood movie version of what NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity did recently, on the lonely desert highway that it's scouting on Mars. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On its determined long trek from \u003ca href=\"http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/TRA_000873_1780\">Victoria Crater\u003c/a> to the larger \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/23/science/space/23rover.html\">Endeavour Crater\u003c/a> (a 12-mile span that Opportunity has completed about one fifth of over the past year), the rover passed by an X-box-sized block of iron that presented the appearance of a meteorite. It snapped a picture in passing, which was eventually transmitted to Earth and examined. By this time, Opportunity had already traveled about 180 meters beyond the block (dubbed \"Block Island\"). This is when the rover was commanded to backtrack all the way to the find (though it's doubtful it worked up a rooster tail). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon returning to Block Island—quite obviously an iron-nickel meteorite by appearance alone, but whose composition was confirmed by the rover's alpha particle X-ray spectrometer instrument—Opportunity took more pictures, including extreme close-ups with its microscope camera, which revealed surface patterns similar to those found on Earth iron-nickel meteorites that have been exposed to long-term weathering by wind and sand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As interesting as stumbling upon a half-ton meteorite on the dusty plains of Mars' Meridiani Planum is, what this particular chunk of weathered iron is telling scientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/090811-mars-meteorite-opportunity.html\">sparks the imagination\u003c/a>. In a nutshell, given the thinness of Mars' current atmosphere, scientists wouldn't expect a meteorite of this size to survive impact intact, at the speed it would be going. One of the possible explanations for Block Island's rock-houndable state is that when it fell to Mars, Mars' atmosphere was substantially thicker than it is now. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further examination of the meteorite may reveal clues as to how long ago it fell through Martian skies. Evidence that Mars' atmosphere was warmer and thicker in the distant past, as well as the possibility that there was liquid water on the surface, has been mounting over the years. The age of this meteorite-fall could shed more light on the history of Mars' environment. If it fell billions of years ago, Block Island would weigh in as more evidence to support our current suspicions. If, however, we find that it fell more recently, then this could indicate that the atmosphere was more substantial later in Mars' history than we thought. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine, if you will, a Mars that looks even more Earthlike than it does now: seas of water with waves rolling into shorelines, great clouds sending downpours of rain and snow onto mountains and plains, streams and rivers snaking through the landscape. Maybe, maybe, even some form of life? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that from a rock? Yes, rocks talk, if we listen. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity finds a meteorite on Mars that may shed more light on the history of Mars' atmosphere.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371078089,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":555},"headData":{"title":"Mars Rock Talks, Opportunity Listens | KQED","description":"Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity finds a meteorite on Mars that may shed more light on the history of Mars' atmosphere.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Mars Rock Talks, Opportunity Listens","datePublished":"2009-08-15T19:57:38.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T23:01:29.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"3334 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=3334","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/08/15/mars-rock-talks-opportunity-listens/","disqusTitle":"Mars Rock Talks, Opportunity Listens","path":"/quest/3334/mars-rock-talks-opportunity-listens","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/08/090811-block-island-02.jpg\">\u003cem>Block Island—a half-ton meteorite found on Mars by NASA's \u003cbr>Opportunity rover.Image credit, NASA/MER Opportunity\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Ever been driving down a lonely desert highway when you suddenly glimpse something in the corner of your eye that makes you think, \"What was that?!\" You brake, tires screech, you spin the wheel and make a wild U-turn, cutting into the shoulder and leaving a rooster-tail of dust as you floor the gas to get back to what you thought you saw….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, dramatic desert car scene ended. That would be the Hollywood movie version of what NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity did recently, on the lonely desert highway that it's scouting on Mars. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On its determined long trek from \u003ca href=\"http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/TRA_000873_1780\">Victoria Crater\u003c/a> to the larger \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/23/science/space/23rover.html\">Endeavour Crater\u003c/a> (a 12-mile span that Opportunity has completed about one fifth of over the past year), the rover passed by an X-box-sized block of iron that presented the appearance of a meteorite. It snapped a picture in passing, which was eventually transmitted to Earth and examined. By this time, Opportunity had already traveled about 180 meters beyond the block (dubbed \"Block Island\"). This is when the rover was commanded to backtrack all the way to the find (though it's doubtful it worked up a rooster tail). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon returning to Block Island—quite obviously an iron-nickel meteorite by appearance alone, but whose composition was confirmed by the rover's alpha particle X-ray spectrometer instrument—Opportunity took more pictures, including extreme close-ups with its microscope camera, which revealed surface patterns similar to those found on Earth iron-nickel meteorites that have been exposed to long-term weathering by wind and sand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As interesting as stumbling upon a half-ton meteorite on the dusty plains of Mars' Meridiani Planum is, what this particular chunk of weathered iron is telling scientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/090811-mars-meteorite-opportunity.html\">sparks the imagination\u003c/a>. In a nutshell, given the thinness of Mars' current atmosphere, scientists wouldn't expect a meteorite of this size to survive impact intact, at the speed it would be going. One of the possible explanations for Block Island's rock-houndable state is that when it fell to Mars, Mars' atmosphere was substantially thicker than it is now. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further examination of the meteorite may reveal clues as to how long ago it fell through Martian skies. Evidence that Mars' atmosphere was warmer and thicker in the distant past, as well as the possibility that there was liquid water on the surface, has been mounting over the years. The age of this meteorite-fall could shed more light on the history of Mars' environment. If it fell billions of years ago, Block Island would weigh in as more evidence to support our current suspicions. If, however, we find that it fell more recently, then this could indicate that the atmosphere was more substantial later in Mars' history than we thought. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine, if you will, a Mars that looks even more Earthlike than it does now: seas of water with waves rolling into shorelines, great clouds sending downpours of rain and snow onto mountains and plains, streams and rivers snaking through the landscape. Maybe, maybe, even some form of life? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that from a rock? Yes, rocks talk, if we listen. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/3334/mars-rock-talks-opportunity-listens","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_246","quest_1751","quest_1800","quest_1918","quest_2457"],"label":"quest"},"quest_955":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_955","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"955","score":null,"sort":[1227319634000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-underwater-laboratory","title":"Reporter's Notes: Underwater Laboratory","publishDate":1227319634,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/underwater-laboratory-\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/11/mbari_blog.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The Eye in the Sea. Credit: MBARI.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Eye in the Sea is one of the coolest, gee-whiz scientific projects you'll see. It's part of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute's so-called MARS project (that stands for \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/mars/\" target=\"_blank\">Monterey Accelerated Research System\u003c/a>). MARS is an undersea laboratory, set up deep on the sea floor about 30 miles offshore from Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/mars/general/eits.html\" target=\"_blank\">Eye in the Sea\u003c/a> is one of the first research projects to be hooked up to MARS. It uses a small amount of red light to view what’s happening on the ocean floor, about 3,000 feet below the surface. The images travel through 32 miles of cable and go back to the control center on land, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/earth/EITS/eits_video.htm\" target=\"_blank\">researchers view real-time video of life\u003c/a> at the \"benthic\" level – that is, a voyage to the bottom of the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you're going to be able to take that voyage, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schoolchildren, teachers and eventually the general public will be able to see the spindly-legged crabs calle spiny kings, or the eel-like hagfish, or the giant, dark, blob-like Pacific sleeper shark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Eye in the Sea becomes operational in January, and researchers expect to have their school program up and running by late January or early February, depending on the success they have hooking up Eye in the Sea to the metal hub out in the middle of Monterey Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of that means that the public will be able to go to \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org\">www.mbari.org\u003c/a> beginning sometime in February and view video-cam images from half a mile deep on the sea floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How cool is that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/underwater-laboratory-\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Watch video from the Eye of the Sea in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/underwater-laboratory-\">Underwater Laboratory\u003c/a> audio slide show online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 36.8015 -121.788\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Eye in the Sea is one of the coolest, gee-whiz scientific projects you'll see. It's part of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute's so-called MARS project (that stands for Monterey Accelerated Research System). MARS is an undersea laboratory, set up deep on the sea floor about 30 miles offshore from Monterey.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1309998174,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":301},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: Underwater Laboratory | KQED","description":"The Eye in the Sea is one of the coolest, gee-whiz scientific projects you'll see. It's part of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute's so-called MARS project (that stands for Monterey Accelerated Research System). MARS is an undersea laboratory, set up deep on the sea floor about 30 miles offshore from Monterey.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Reporter's Notes: Underwater Laboratory","datePublished":"2008-11-22T02:07:14.000Z","dateModified":"2011-07-07T00:22:54.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"955 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=955","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/11/21/reporters-notes-underwater-laboratory/","disqusTitle":"Reporter's Notes: Underwater Laboratory","path":"/quest/955/reporters-notes-underwater-laboratory","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/underwater-laboratory-\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/11/mbari_blog.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The Eye in the Sea. Credit: MBARI.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Eye in the Sea is one of the coolest, gee-whiz scientific projects you'll see. It's part of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute's so-called MARS project (that stands for \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/mars/\" target=\"_blank\">Monterey Accelerated Research System\u003c/a>). MARS is an undersea laboratory, set up deep on the sea floor about 30 miles offshore from Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/mars/general/eits.html\" target=\"_blank\">Eye in the Sea\u003c/a> is one of the first research projects to be hooked up to MARS. It uses a small amount of red light to view what’s happening on the ocean floor, about 3,000 feet below the surface. The images travel through 32 miles of cable and go back to the control center on land, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/earth/EITS/eits_video.htm\" target=\"_blank\">researchers view real-time video of life\u003c/a> at the \"benthic\" level – that is, a voyage to the bottom of the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you're going to be able to take that voyage, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schoolchildren, teachers and eventually the general public will be able to see the spindly-legged crabs calle spiny kings, or the eel-like hagfish, or the giant, dark, blob-like Pacific sleeper shark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Eye in the Sea becomes operational in January, and researchers expect to have their school program up and running by late January or early February, depending on the success they have hooking up Eye in the Sea to the metal hub out in the middle of Monterey Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of that means that the public will be able to go to \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org\">www.mbari.org\u003c/a> beginning sometime in February and view video-cam images from half a mile deep on the sea floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How cool is that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/underwater-laboratory-\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Watch video from the Eye of the Sea in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/underwater-laboratory-\">Underwater Laboratory\u003c/a> audio slide show online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 36.8015 -121.788\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/955/reporters-notes-underwater-laboratory","authors":["8656"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_13193","quest_791","quest_13198","quest_1586","quest_1740","quest_1773","quest_2034","quest_13206","quest_2457"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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