The Seattle Seawall Project: Transforming Salmon Habitat
Raise Your Glass to Groundwater
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In 2010 he spent five weeks exploring the Democratic Republic of the Congo for a documentary project and developed an appreciation for the taste of curried caterpillars.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc0abc1f27f40bdc9d4e0c17fcbe26b1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["coordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Michael James Werner | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc0abc1f27f40bdc9d4e0c17fcbe26b1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc0abc1f27f40bdc9d4e0c17fcbe26b1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/michaeljameswerner"},"sanbornsarahn":{"type":"authors","id":"10471","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10471","found":true},"name":"Sarah Sanborn","firstName":"Sarah","lastName":"Sanborn","slug":"sanbornsarahn","email":"SSanborn@kcts9.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Sarah Sanborn joins QUEST Northwest from the University of Washington’s Program on the Environment. 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Photo courtesy of Wickes Arborists and Fakopp Enterprise.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Are trees getting MRI scans? Not quite, but arborists and biologists are now determining tree health by using a new technology --\u003cstrong> tomography\u003c/strong> -- to “scan” the insides of trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, a comprehensive review of a tree’s health involved drilling holes into the tree’s core and examining the samples for decay; a process called \u003cstrong>resistographing\u003c/strong>. But drilling through the trunk is slow, damages the tree, and the results are not always accurate. .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tomography, on the other hand, involves sending sound vibrations through the tree without cutting into the wood; a process that is quick, non-invasive, and accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62113\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 309px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-62113 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Test-tomography.jpg\" alt=\"Test tomography\" width=\"309\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Test-tomography.jpg 644w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Test-tomography-400x621.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 309px) 100vw, 309px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Small pins and microphones surround the tree in order to send and detect sound waves traveling through the tree. This data is sent to a computer for analysis. Photo courtesy of Wickes Arborists and Fakopp Enterprise.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s like x-ray vision in a forest,” says Nicholas Whittaker Dankers, an arborist at \u003ca href=\"http://www.treesolutions.net/\">Tree Solutions\u003c/a> in Seattle, who has been using tomography for the past three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how the technology works: Dankers drives pins and microphones into the bark. Hitting a pin sends sound waves through the tree that are received by microphones on the other side. Sound travels slower through hollow wood, which is a sign of degraded tree health. By analyzing the time it takes the sound vibrations to travel through the tree, Dankers can determine the tree’s level of hollowness, or decomposition. Based on this data, a computer is then used to create a digital, color-coded image of the inside of the tree. Multiple scans up a trunk can create a 3-D model of a column of decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally, [after a tomography scan] we recommend to promote root development and - when needed - thin trees by focusing primarily on the outermost branches,\" says Dankers. Advocating a scientifically-informed approach to tree care allows for appropriate actions from the root tips to the leaf ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scans like these are becoming more common as more residents understand the importance and value of large, mature trees in their neighborhoods. Besides offering \u003ca href=\"http://nfs.unl.edu/CommunityForestry/urbanforestryintro.asp\">psychological benefits\u003c/a> to people and ecological functions such as purifying the air and preventing soil erosion, these trees also add value to property. A majestic oak or maple tree on your lawn can increase the real estate value by thousands of dollars. As Dankers notes, an old tree can be the equivalent in price of the cost of a new car. Unless old trees are properly maintained and examined, they could become sick, rot, and fall onto surrounding property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technologies like tomography help urban and suburban trees stay healthy as they grow in an ecosystem that is much more disturbed than the one in which their ancestors once grew. Preserving the health of large trees, wherever they stand, is an investment in the future - especially in cities, where trees can live for hundreds of years. With help, they can survive beyond the lives of their caretakers and the buildings surrounding them and be enjoyed by generations to come.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new technology helps determine the health of urban old growth trees.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443823146,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":537},"headData":{"title":"Check-ups for Old Trees | KQED","description":"A new technology helps determine the health of urban old growth trees.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Check-ups for Old Trees","datePublished":"2013-10-31T14:00:39.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T21:59:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"60390 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=60390","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/31/check-ups-for-old-trees/","disqusTitle":"Check-ups for Old Trees","path":"/quest/60390/check-ups-for-old-trees","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62420\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-62420\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Tree-Check-Up-Feature-Image-e1381777047994.jpg\" alt=\"Tree Check Up Feature Image\" width=\"640\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Tree-Check-Up-Feature-Image-e1381777047994.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Tree-Check-Up-Feature-Image-e1381777047994-400x231.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tomography creates a computer image of the inside of a tree that can help determine tree health. Photo courtesy of Wickes Arborists and Fakopp Enterprise.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Are trees getting MRI scans? Not quite, but arborists and biologists are now determining tree health by using a new technology --\u003cstrong> tomography\u003c/strong> -- to “scan” the insides of trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, a comprehensive review of a tree’s health involved drilling holes into the tree’s core and examining the samples for decay; a process called \u003cstrong>resistographing\u003c/strong>. But drilling through the trunk is slow, damages the tree, and the results are not always accurate. .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tomography, on the other hand, involves sending sound vibrations through the tree without cutting into the wood; a process that is quick, non-invasive, and accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62113\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 309px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-62113 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Test-tomography.jpg\" alt=\"Test tomography\" width=\"309\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Test-tomography.jpg 644w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Test-tomography-400x621.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 309px) 100vw, 309px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Small pins and microphones surround the tree in order to send and detect sound waves traveling through the tree. This data is sent to a computer for analysis. Photo courtesy of Wickes Arborists and Fakopp Enterprise.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s like x-ray vision in a forest,” says Nicholas Whittaker Dankers, an arborist at \u003ca href=\"http://www.treesolutions.net/\">Tree Solutions\u003c/a> in Seattle, who has been using tomography for the past three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how the technology works: Dankers drives pins and microphones into the bark. Hitting a pin sends sound waves through the tree that are received by microphones on the other side. Sound travels slower through hollow wood, which is a sign of degraded tree health. By analyzing the time it takes the sound vibrations to travel through the tree, Dankers can determine the tree’s level of hollowness, or decomposition. Based on this data, a computer is then used to create a digital, color-coded image of the inside of the tree. Multiple scans up a trunk can create a 3-D model of a column of decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally, [after a tomography scan] we recommend to promote root development and - when needed - thin trees by focusing primarily on the outermost branches,\" says Dankers. Advocating a scientifically-informed approach to tree care allows for appropriate actions from the root tips to the leaf ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scans like these are becoming more common as more residents understand the importance and value of large, mature trees in their neighborhoods. Besides offering \u003ca href=\"http://nfs.unl.edu/CommunityForestry/urbanforestryintro.asp\">psychological benefits\u003c/a> to people and ecological functions such as purifying the air and preventing soil erosion, these trees also add value to property. A majestic oak or maple tree on your lawn can increase the real estate value by thousands of dollars. As Dankers notes, an old tree can be the equivalent in price of the cost of a new car. Unless old trees are properly maintained and examined, they could become sick, rot, and fall onto surrounding property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technologies like tomography help urban and suburban trees stay healthy as they grow in an ecosystem that is much more disturbed than the one in which their ancestors once grew. Preserving the health of large trees, wherever they stand, is an investment in the future - especially in cities, where trees can live for hundreds of years. With help, they can survive beyond the lives of their caretakers and the buildings surrounding them and be enjoyed by generations to come.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/60390/check-ups-for-old-trees","authors":["10471"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_326","quest_12269","quest_12146","quest_3736","quest_12135","quest_2884","quest_2955","quest_12503","quest_12321","quest_12320","quest_12504","quest_10210"],"featImg":"quest_62420","label":"quest"},"quest_61358":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_61358","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"61358","score":null,"sort":[1382536859000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-river-returns","title":"A River Returns","publishDate":1382536859,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71013 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Quest_EMMYwin.jpg\" alt=\"Quest_EMMYwin\" width=\"173\" height=\"120\">Sunlight streaks through the leafy canopy, painting the Elwha River and surrounding forest in dappled light. Two men in chest waders splash through the swift-moving current, kicking up mushroom clouds of silt. Their eyes scan the shallows as they make their way downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John McMillan, a fish biologist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Jeff Duda, a research ecologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, are here looking for steelhead and salmon nests, or redds, where fish have laid eggs. The signs are subtle but unmistakable to their trained eyes — a depression in the river bottom and disturbed gravel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMillan and Duda are just two of the many scientists from federal and state agencies and the local Native American tribe, who are studying the dramatic changes taking place on this river. Two massive hydroelectric dams are in the process of being removed. And these scientists are trying to understand how the largest dam removal project in the nation’s history is impacting fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to see how fast these fish recolonize after the dams have been removed,” McMillan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Elwha River in western Washington State was once home to one of the biggest salmon runs in the continental United States. But in the early 1900s two dams were built on this pristine river, which today lies mostly within the protected confines of Olympic National Park. The dams provided power to the nearby town of Port Angeles and helped the frontier community grow and thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62677\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-62677 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg\" alt=\"Elwha_dam2\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The two dams on the Elwha River were built without fish ladders and prevented salmon from swimming upstream.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the dams were built without fish ladders and had devastating consequences for fish; salmon returning from the ocean to spawn were cut off from their natal waters. Only the lower five miles of the 45-mile river were accessible to them. Over time the dams starved those five miles of the sediment salmon need for building their nests. The diminished and degraded habitat decimated fish populations in a river once known for producing 100-pound salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lower Elwha Klallam tribe, which has relied on the river for sustenance and its spiritual traditions for thousands of years, has been fighting for nearly 100 years to have the dams removed. In the early 1990s, Congress finally authorized dam removal as a way to help restore the river and its salmon runs. But it would take another two decades to secure funding for the $300 million project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam removal began in 2011 and will connect the headwaters of the Elwha with the mouth of the river. The project is expected to be completed by 2014. One of the major challenges in removing the dams was figuring out how to deal with all the sediment stored behind the dams – enough sediment to fill 11 NFL football stadiums. To deal with the sediment, construction crews are taking the dams down gradually, piece by piece, rather than dynamiting them. Even so, the river is swollen with sediment. And the physical shape of the river is changing as the river deposits sediment along its banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62681\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-62681 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg\" alt=\"Elwha_Boat_and_net2\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Beirne, a scientist with the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, nets juvenile fish to study how the dam removal is impacting them.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This place is changing every day,” Duda said. “Every time I come out there’s something new, something different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In five to 10 years, the sediment is expected to make its way downstream and the river will run clear once again. But for now, salmon returning to the river face some harsh conditions. Sediment can clog their gills and make it difficult to find food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost like you’re tearing off a Band-Aid,” Duda said. “You have to go through a little bit of pain in order to get to that final state of healing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this day, McMillan and Duda walked the main channel of the Elwha River between the lower dam and the upper dam. The swift-flowing river, suffused with fine sediment from dam removal, ran a milky gray. McMillan fixed a keen eye on the clearer water near shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They dug here! These are digs!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you think this [is a nest] right here?” Duda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a redd clearly,” McMillan replied. “It’s the first redd we’ve found by a steelhead in the mainstem Elwha River.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's still a long way to go, but McMillan and Duda are hopeful that salmon and steelhead will thrive here once again.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In Washington state, a river once known for its abundant salmon run is getting a second chance. The Elwha River dams, which decimated salmon populations and profoundly altered the ecosystem, are coming down and hopes are high that salmon will return. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457565342,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":777},"headData":{"title":"A River Returns | KQED","description":"In Washington state, a river once known for its abundant salmon run is getting a second chance. The Elwha River dams, which decimated salmon populations and profoundly altered the ecosystem, are coming down and hopes are high that salmon will return. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A River Returns","datePublished":"2013-10-23T14:00:59.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T23:15:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"61358 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=61358","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/23/a-river-returns/","disqusTitle":"A River Returns","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TfjRG9RxL8","path":"/quest/61358/a-river-returns","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71013 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Quest_EMMYwin.jpg\" alt=\"Quest_EMMYwin\" width=\"173\" height=\"120\">Sunlight streaks through the leafy canopy, painting the Elwha River and surrounding forest in dappled light. Two men in chest waders splash through the swift-moving current, kicking up mushroom clouds of silt. Their eyes scan the shallows as they make their way downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John McMillan, a fish biologist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Jeff Duda, a research ecologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, are here looking for steelhead and salmon nests, or redds, where fish have laid eggs. The signs are subtle but unmistakable to their trained eyes — a depression in the river bottom and disturbed gravel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMillan and Duda are just two of the many scientists from federal and state agencies and the local Native American tribe, who are studying the dramatic changes taking place on this river. Two massive hydroelectric dams are in the process of being removed. And these scientists are trying to understand how the largest dam removal project in the nation’s history is impacting fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to see how fast these fish recolonize after the dams have been removed,” McMillan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Elwha River in western Washington State was once home to one of the biggest salmon runs in the continental United States. But in the early 1900s two dams were built on this pristine river, which today lies mostly within the protected confines of Olympic National Park. The dams provided power to the nearby town of Port Angeles and helped the frontier community grow and thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62677\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-62677 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg\" alt=\"Elwha_dam2\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_dam2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The two dams on the Elwha River were built without fish ladders and prevented salmon from swimming upstream.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the dams were built without fish ladders and had devastating consequences for fish; salmon returning from the ocean to spawn were cut off from their natal waters. Only the lower five miles of the 45-mile river were accessible to them. Over time the dams starved those five miles of the sediment salmon need for building their nests. The diminished and degraded habitat decimated fish populations in a river once known for producing 100-pound salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lower Elwha Klallam tribe, which has relied on the river for sustenance and its spiritual traditions for thousands of years, has been fighting for nearly 100 years to have the dams removed. In the early 1990s, Congress finally authorized dam removal as a way to help restore the river and its salmon runs. But it would take another two decades to secure funding for the $300 million project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam removal began in 2011 and will connect the headwaters of the Elwha with the mouth of the river. The project is expected to be completed by 2014. One of the major challenges in removing the dams was figuring out how to deal with all the sediment stored behind the dams – enough sediment to fill 11 NFL football stadiums. To deal with the sediment, construction crews are taking the dams down gradually, piece by piece, rather than dynamiting them. Even so, the river is swollen with sediment. And the physical shape of the river is changing as the river deposits sediment along its banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62681\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-62681 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg\" alt=\"Elwha_Boat_and_net2\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Elwha_Boat_and_net2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Beirne, a scientist with the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, nets juvenile fish to study how the dam removal is impacting them.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This place is changing every day,” Duda said. “Every time I come out there’s something new, something different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In five to 10 years, the sediment is expected to make its way downstream and the river will run clear once again. But for now, salmon returning to the river face some harsh conditions. Sediment can clog their gills and make it difficult to find food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost like you’re tearing off a Band-Aid,” Duda said. “You have to go through a little bit of pain in order to get to that final state of healing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this day, McMillan and Duda walked the main channel of the Elwha River between the lower dam and the upper dam. The swift-flowing river, suffused with fine sediment from dam removal, ran a milky gray. McMillan fixed a keen eye on the clearer water near shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They dug here! These are digs!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you think this [is a nest] right here?” Duda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a redd clearly,” McMillan replied. “It’s the first redd we’ve found by a steelhead in the mainstem Elwha River.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's still a long way to go, but McMillan and Duda are hopeful that salmon and steelhead will thrive here once again.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/61358/a-river-returns","authors":["10446","10425"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_326","quest_12007","quest_12125","quest_924","quest_11940","quest_11176","quest_1022","quest_12269","quest_12326","quest_12249","quest_2001","quest_12517","quest_12327","quest_12325","quest_12146","quest_3736","quest_2423","quest_2477","quest_2576","quest_12328","quest_2786","quest_2893","quest_3048","quest_3071","quest_10210"],"featImg":"quest_62677","label":"quest"},"quest_57639":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_57639","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"57639","score":null,"sort":[1379692842000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-seattle-seawall-project-transforming-salmon-habitat","title":"The Seattle Seawall Project: Transforming Salmon Habitat","publishDate":1379692842,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60196\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-60196 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733.jpg\" alt=\"salmon\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rockfish and salmon in the underwater dome at the Seattle Aquarium. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/62967061@N00/203572652/in/photolist-iZn4j-iZn4k-pjbZ5-pjbZ9-pmi4J-BrUgw-DvCRG-DvFos-Nd6Fo-Nd6JW-Nd6Nh-Nd6W1-Nd73d-Nd7bE-Nd7gm-Nd7hh-Nd7mb-Nd7Gb-Nda7K-NdabX-Ndaf6-Ndauc-NdaBv-NdaHB-NdaLF-Ndb2F-Ndb74-NdbdZ-258NyY-25J42r-25J42M-25J44B-25NmAC-25NmCo-2BTVxm-2Ws15T-2YQott-31kjTT-31pSWC-35Vduj-3buxmC-3dYszW-3eScNa-46WPBK-46WPE6-46WPGk-46WPJZ-471V59-471V7s-471Vaf-471Vmf/\">Merelymel13\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salmon are keystone species that deliver vital nutrients to the soil and support the local economy. These fish have been a cultural icon since the earliest days of human settlement in the Pacific Northwest. But the salmon’s preservation has not always been a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, \u003ca href=\"http://weber.s.uw.edu/research/publications/ms_phd/Goff_M_MS_Su10.pdf\">68 percent\u003c/a> of Seattle’s shoreline habitat was destroyed by the construction of the Elliott Bay Seawall. It was intended to prevent shore erosion and enable waterfront development, but the seawall also decimated salmon populations, reducing them by \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/staff/lackey/pubs/illusion.htm#Introduction\">90 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a major urban reconstruction project, including the replacement of the seawall, offers hope for the salmon by creating a more hospitable migratory corridor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60230\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 426px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-60230 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03.png\" alt=\"light penetration 03\" width=\"426\" height=\"296\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03.png 875w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03-400x278.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03-800x556.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Sun penetrates the sidewalk and connects human and marine realms.\u003cbr>Right: Some wavelengths (colors) of light penetrate water deeper than others.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>“We needed to replace the seawall. It’s the face of our waterfront,” says Jessica Murphy, project manager of \u003ca href=\"http://waterfrontseattle.org/\">Waterfront Seattle\u003c/a>. “This is a unique opportunity to replace habitat that was lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murphy coordinates a team of marine scientists and engineers in Seattle developing an innovative construction plan to address three main problems that the migrating salmon currently face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shaded Shoreline Habitat\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Juvenile salmon \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/docs/seawall/may11/Habitat%20Fact%20Sheet%20-%20Stakeholder%20Meeting%204.pdf\">can’t see well\u003c/a> in the dark, and piers, sidewalks, and other structures shroud about \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattleaquarium.org/donor-newsletter/may-2013\">60 percent\u003c/a> of the downtown shoreline in darkness. To avoid swimming blindly, juveniles swim around these structures into deeper waters where they face food competition from larger fish and predation from harbor seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glass blocks inserted into the sidewalks offer a solution. The glass blocks will allow light to penetrate from the sidewalk into the water and create a safe, well-lit path for the salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60206\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-60206 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Habitat-Bench-3.jpg\" alt=\"Habitat Bench (3)\" width=\"378\" height=\"442\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A salmon corridor along the seawall's edge affords juveniles a safe journey to the sea.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barren Shores\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Juvenile salmon eat the zooplankton and other invertebrates that congregate near marine and shoreline plants. But few plants can grow in the shadow of waterfront structures, and there is little shoreline vegetation amid the bustling business landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New light-penetrating sidewalks will help plants grow underwater. Plans to create \u003ca href=\"http://www.sera17.ext.vt.edu/Documents/BMP_Riparian_Zones.pdf\">riparian zones\u003c/a> include planting trees and shrubs along the banks and planters along the walkway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The greening of the waterfront will not only support salmon but also reduce shoreline erosion, improve water quality, and add to the beauty of Seattle’s shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deep Waters\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Much of Elliott Bay is very deep to allow ships to dock, but juvenile salmon prefer shallow water where they can find food and shelter. Engineers will manufacture a “bench” around the edge of the seawall, approximately two and one-half feet below the surface, creating a shallow migration corridor for returning salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These ambitious waterfront plans may take years to complete, but the design team is confident the changes will create a more prosperous future for the salmon that pass through Seattle’s Puget Sound. From the Duwamish River to the open ocean, salmon will have a safer and more suitable migration route, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/seawall.htm\">Elliot Bay Seawall Project\u003c/a> could become a model for urban waterfronts around the world.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Seattle’s urban waterfront -- a noisy highway viaduct and failing seawall -- is being transformed to create a welcoming environment for salmon and people.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443823647,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":541},"headData":{"title":"The Seattle Seawall Project: Transforming Salmon Habitat | KQED","description":"Seattle’s urban waterfront -- a noisy highway viaduct and failing seawall -- is being transformed to create a welcoming environment for salmon and people.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Seattle Seawall Project: Transforming Salmon Habitat","datePublished":"2013-09-20T16:00:42.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T22:07:27.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"57639 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=57639","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/09/20/the-seattle-seawall-project-transforming-salmon-habitat/","disqusTitle":"The Seattle Seawall Project: Transforming Salmon Habitat","path":"/quest/57639/the-seattle-seawall-project-transforming-salmon-habitat","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60196\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-60196 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733.jpg\" alt=\"salmon\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/salmon-e1378831754733-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rockfish and salmon in the underwater dome at the Seattle Aquarium. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/62967061@N00/203572652/in/photolist-iZn4j-iZn4k-pjbZ5-pjbZ9-pmi4J-BrUgw-DvCRG-DvFos-Nd6Fo-Nd6JW-Nd6Nh-Nd6W1-Nd73d-Nd7bE-Nd7gm-Nd7hh-Nd7mb-Nd7Gb-Nda7K-NdabX-Ndaf6-Ndauc-NdaBv-NdaHB-NdaLF-Ndb2F-Ndb74-NdbdZ-258NyY-25J42r-25J42M-25J44B-25NmAC-25NmCo-2BTVxm-2Ws15T-2YQott-31kjTT-31pSWC-35Vduj-3buxmC-3dYszW-3eScNa-46WPBK-46WPE6-46WPGk-46WPJZ-471V59-471V7s-471Vaf-471Vmf/\">Merelymel13\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salmon are keystone species that deliver vital nutrients to the soil and support the local economy. These fish have been a cultural icon since the earliest days of human settlement in the Pacific Northwest. But the salmon’s preservation has not always been a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, \u003ca href=\"http://weber.s.uw.edu/research/publications/ms_phd/Goff_M_MS_Su10.pdf\">68 percent\u003c/a> of Seattle’s shoreline habitat was destroyed by the construction of the Elliott Bay Seawall. It was intended to prevent shore erosion and enable waterfront development, but the seawall also decimated salmon populations, reducing them by \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/staff/lackey/pubs/illusion.htm#Introduction\">90 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a major urban reconstruction project, including the replacement of the seawall, offers hope for the salmon by creating a more hospitable migratory corridor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60230\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 426px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-60230 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03.png\" alt=\"light penetration 03\" width=\"426\" height=\"296\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03.png 875w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03-400x278.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/light-penetration-03-800x556.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Sun penetrates the sidewalk and connects human and marine realms.\u003cbr>Right: Some wavelengths (colors) of light penetrate water deeper than others.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>“We needed to replace the seawall. It’s the face of our waterfront,” says Jessica Murphy, project manager of \u003ca href=\"http://waterfrontseattle.org/\">Waterfront Seattle\u003c/a>. “This is a unique opportunity to replace habitat that was lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murphy coordinates a team of marine scientists and engineers in Seattle developing an innovative construction plan to address three main problems that the migrating salmon currently face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shaded Shoreline Habitat\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Juvenile salmon \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/docs/seawall/may11/Habitat%20Fact%20Sheet%20-%20Stakeholder%20Meeting%204.pdf\">can’t see well\u003c/a> in the dark, and piers, sidewalks, and other structures shroud about \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattleaquarium.org/donor-newsletter/may-2013\">60 percent\u003c/a> of the downtown shoreline in darkness. To avoid swimming blindly, juveniles swim around these structures into deeper waters where they face food competition from larger fish and predation from harbor seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glass blocks inserted into the sidewalks offer a solution. The glass blocks will allow light to penetrate from the sidewalk into the water and create a safe, well-lit path for the salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60206\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-60206 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Habitat-Bench-3.jpg\" alt=\"Habitat Bench (3)\" width=\"378\" height=\"442\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A salmon corridor along the seawall's edge affords juveniles a safe journey to the sea.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barren Shores\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Juvenile salmon eat the zooplankton and other invertebrates that congregate near marine and shoreline plants. But few plants can grow in the shadow of waterfront structures, and there is little shoreline vegetation amid the bustling business landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New light-penetrating sidewalks will help plants grow underwater. Plans to create \u003ca href=\"http://www.sera17.ext.vt.edu/Documents/BMP_Riparian_Zones.pdf\">riparian zones\u003c/a> include planting trees and shrubs along the banks and planters along the walkway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The greening of the waterfront will not only support salmon but also reduce shoreline erosion, improve water quality, and add to the beauty of Seattle’s shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deep Waters\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Much of Elliott Bay is very deep to allow ships to dock, but juvenile salmon prefer shallow water where they can find food and shelter. Engineers will manufacture a “bench” around the edge of the seawall, approximately two and one-half feet below the surface, creating a shallow migration corridor for returning salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These ambitious waterfront plans may take years to complete, but the design team is confident the changes will create a more prosperous future for the salmon that pass through Seattle’s Puget Sound. From the Duwamish River to the open ocean, salmon will have a safer and more suitable migration route, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/seawall.htm\">Elliot Bay Seawall Project\u003c/a> could become a model for urban waterfronts around the world.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/57639/the-seattle-seawall-project-transforming-salmon-habitat","authors":["10471"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_12505","quest_12147","quest_13197","quest_12269","quest_1293","quest_12506","quest_12238","quest_12239","quest_2349","quest_12146","quest_3736","quest_2477","quest_12148","quest_9872","quest_12240"],"featImg":"quest_60196","label":"quest"},"quest_12804":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_12804","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"12804","score":null,"sort":[1299784048000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"raise-your-glass-to-groundwater","title":"Raise Your Glass to Groundwater","publishDate":1299784048,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-12806\" title=\"water filters\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/chabotfilters2.jpg\" alt=\"groundwater\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003cem>\u003csup>Reservoirs of surface water are rarely as clean as groundwater. To reproduce the natural cleansing of aquifers, reservoir operators must use treatment devices like these antique sand filters at Chabot Reservoir.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wherever settlers arrived in America, their first concern was water. The ideal source of good water was not a babbling brook, although that was good enough for irrigating crops and brewing beer. Surface water varies with the seasons, is readily muddied, and we all know what fish do in it. Best was a steady, cool flow from a protected spring—that is, groundwater. Before wellsprings were a metaphor, they were the very basis of America's first settlements. (March 6–12, 2011 is \u003ca href=\"http://www.ngwa.org/public/awarenessweek/\">National Groundwater Awareness Week\u003c/a> to help remind us of these historic truths.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As settlements grew into towns that in turn became cities, larger water sources could be engineered. Ancient Rome owed its prominence to its abundant water supply, brought by aqueduct from Apennine Mountain springs. Mighty New York captured the clean Catskill rains in a network of reservoirs that fed their water by gravity to Manhattan. San Francisco raided a national park in the Sierra Nevada, a hundred miles away, for its water supply. Now every Bay Area river has been harnessed for civic purposes. But groundwater is still a major player here, if a largely invisible one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater wells were part of every household in the early days, but the typical shallow aquifer, or water-bearing zone, is not suited for hard use. It's too closely connected to the surface; indeed every permanent stream can be thought of as living groundwater, where erosion cuts into the top of the aquifer. Once too many wells tap the surface aquifer, the level of water underground—the water table—is depressed. Eventually the streams are affected, and the costs of digging ever deeper bring an end to the household well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing city has to be more organized about its water. Most Bay Area cities rely on agencies that deliver surface water from a reservoir. The big advantages of a reservoir are energy and size: it's easy to deliver water downhill from the dam, and centralized treatment plants can do an efficient job filtering and disinfecting the water. The big advantages of groundwater are its quality, its closeness and its resistance to drought. Both types of water source must be carefully managed for the long term by well-trained technicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the South Bay still relies on groundwater. San Jose pumps about 40 percent of its water from aquifers beneath it. Nearby Sunnyvale, Campbell and Santa Clara also produce significant amounts. Farther south, Morgan Hill and Gilroy rely exclusively on groundwater. And Fremont has a big stake in it too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose used to pump more aggressively than today, but problems arose when the land began to sink. Parts of Alviso, on the city's northern edge, recorded \u003ca href=\"http://museumca.org/creeks/z-subsidence.html\">as much as 13 feet of subsidence\u003c/a>. Seawater began to intrude into the aquifers as well. Today water managers have arrested the subsidence by ensuring that the aquifer is properly recharged using streamflow and special infiltration basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of Fremont's water comes from its bountiful aquifer in the Niles Cone, a large fan of gravel spreading out from the mouth of Alameda Canyon. Today the city \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwd.org/sources_of_supply.php5#ncgb\">sends Alameda Creek's water into the Cone\u003c/a> through the Quarry Lakes, while pumping groundwater out of it in a strategy that helps push back invading Bay water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco, of course, gets pristine Sierra water from O'Shaunnessy Dam in the Hetch Hetchy Valley. Only one-third of Hetch Hetchy's water gets to the city, though, as more than a dozen other Bay Area cities use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/hetchymarker2.jpg\" alt=\"Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct marker\">\u003cbr>\n\u003csub>\u003cem>Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct crosses the Great Valley near route 132, marked by monuments like this.\u003c/em>\u003c/sub>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city still uses its own groundwater to irrigate Golden Gate Park and the zoo. Recently San Francisco has moved to \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/msc_main.cfm/MC_ID/13/MSC_ID/424\">reopen the aquifers as an emergency supply\u003c/a>. It's also making plans to \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/msc_main.cfm/MC_ID/13/MSC_ID/427\">store Hetch Hetchy water in Peninsula aquifers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although large-scale water projects serve the masses, there is still a place for the custom well. Outlying residents, farms and landscape-intensive businesses can often save money using water from their own property. Today these uses of groundwater provide our region with much-needed resilience in the face of drought and earthquake. Wherever we live, the role of groundwater continues—just below the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major water districts of the Bay Area:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.acwd.org/\">Alameda County Water District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ccwater.com/\">Contra Costa Water District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/\">East Bay Municipal Utilities District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.marinwater.org/\">Marin Municipal Water District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/\">San Francisco Public Utilities Commission\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.sjwater.com/\">San Jose Water\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.scvwd.dst.ca.us/\">Santa Clara Valley Water District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.scwa2.com/\">Solano County Water Agency\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.scwa.ca.gov/\">Sonoma County Water Agency\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And don't forget \u003ca href=\"http://www.water-ed.org/\">water-ed.org\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.728 -122.128\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Groundwater is still a major player in Bay Area water supplies, if a largely invisible one.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366917845,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":802},"headData":{"title":"Raise Your Glass to Groundwater | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Raise Your Glass to Groundwater","datePublished":"2011-03-10T19:07:28.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-25T19:24:05.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"12804 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=12804","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/10/raise-your-glass-to-groundwater/","disqusTitle":"Raise Your Glass to Groundwater","path":"/quest/12804/raise-your-glass-to-groundwater","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-12806\" title=\"water filters\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/chabotfilters2.jpg\" alt=\"groundwater\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003cem>\u003csup>Reservoirs of surface water are rarely as clean as groundwater. To reproduce the natural cleansing of aquifers, reservoir operators must use treatment devices like these antique sand filters at Chabot Reservoir.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wherever settlers arrived in America, their first concern was water. The ideal source of good water was not a babbling brook, although that was good enough for irrigating crops and brewing beer. Surface water varies with the seasons, is readily muddied, and we all know what fish do in it. Best was a steady, cool flow from a protected spring—that is, groundwater. Before wellsprings were a metaphor, they were the very basis of America's first settlements. (March 6–12, 2011 is \u003ca href=\"http://www.ngwa.org/public/awarenessweek/\">National Groundwater Awareness Week\u003c/a> to help remind us of these historic truths.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As settlements grew into towns that in turn became cities, larger water sources could be engineered. Ancient Rome owed its prominence to its abundant water supply, brought by aqueduct from Apennine Mountain springs. Mighty New York captured the clean Catskill rains in a network of reservoirs that fed their water by gravity to Manhattan. San Francisco raided a national park in the Sierra Nevada, a hundred miles away, for its water supply. Now every Bay Area river has been harnessed for civic purposes. But groundwater is still a major player here, if a largely invisible one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater wells were part of every household in the early days, but the typical shallow aquifer, or water-bearing zone, is not suited for hard use. It's too closely connected to the surface; indeed every permanent stream can be thought of as living groundwater, where erosion cuts into the top of the aquifer. Once too many wells tap the surface aquifer, the level of water underground—the water table—is depressed. Eventually the streams are affected, and the costs of digging ever deeper bring an end to the household well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing city has to be more organized about its water. Most Bay Area cities rely on agencies that deliver surface water from a reservoir. The big advantages of a reservoir are energy and size: it's easy to deliver water downhill from the dam, and centralized treatment plants can do an efficient job filtering and disinfecting the water. The big advantages of groundwater are its quality, its closeness and its resistance to drought. Both types of water source must be carefully managed for the long term by well-trained technicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the South Bay still relies on groundwater. San Jose pumps about 40 percent of its water from aquifers beneath it. Nearby Sunnyvale, Campbell and Santa Clara also produce significant amounts. Farther south, Morgan Hill and Gilroy rely exclusively on groundwater. And Fremont has a big stake in it too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose used to pump more aggressively than today, but problems arose when the land began to sink. Parts of Alviso, on the city's northern edge, recorded \u003ca href=\"http://museumca.org/creeks/z-subsidence.html\">as much as 13 feet of subsidence\u003c/a>. Seawater began to intrude into the aquifers as well. Today water managers have arrested the subsidence by ensuring that the aquifer is properly recharged using streamflow and special infiltration basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of Fremont's water comes from its bountiful aquifer in the Niles Cone, a large fan of gravel spreading out from the mouth of Alameda Canyon. Today the city \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwd.org/sources_of_supply.php5#ncgb\">sends Alameda Creek's water into the Cone\u003c/a> through the Quarry Lakes, while pumping groundwater out of it in a strategy that helps push back invading Bay water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco, of course, gets pristine Sierra water from O'Shaunnessy Dam in the Hetch Hetchy Valley. Only one-third of Hetch Hetchy's water gets to the city, though, as more than a dozen other Bay Area cities use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/hetchymarker2.jpg\" alt=\"Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct marker\">\u003cbr>\n\u003csub>\u003cem>Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct crosses the Great Valley near route 132, marked by monuments like this.\u003c/em>\u003c/sub>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city still uses its own groundwater to irrigate Golden Gate Park and the zoo. Recently San Francisco has moved to \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/msc_main.cfm/MC_ID/13/MSC_ID/424\">reopen the aquifers as an emergency supply\u003c/a>. It's also making plans to \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/msc_main.cfm/MC_ID/13/MSC_ID/427\">store Hetch Hetchy water in Peninsula aquifers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although large-scale water projects serve the masses, there is still a place for the custom well. Outlying residents, farms and landscape-intensive businesses can often save money using water from their own property. Today these uses of groundwater provide our region with much-needed resilience in the face of drought and earthquake. Wherever we live, the role of groundwater continues—just below the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major water districts of the Bay Area:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.acwd.org/\">Alameda County Water District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ccwater.com/\">Contra Costa Water District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/\">East Bay Municipal Utilities District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.marinwater.org/\">Marin Municipal Water District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/\">San Francisco Public Utilities Commission\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.sjwater.com/\">San Jose Water\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.scvwd.dst.ca.us/\">Santa Clara Valley Water District\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.scwa2.com/\">Solano County Water Agency\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.scwa.ca.gov/\">Sonoma County Water Agency\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And don't forget \u003ca href=\"http://www.water-ed.org/\">water-ed.org\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.728 -122.128\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/12804/raise-your-glass-to-groundwater","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9","quest_11","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_883","quest_914","quest_1278","quest_3608","quest_3736","quest_2766","quest_3340"],"featImg":"quest_12806","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. 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Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. 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