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(Photo by futurestreet via Flickr, CC by 2.0)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" class=\"size-full wp-image-51099\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/cell-phone-baby.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/cell-phone-baby-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New research explores the cognitive effects of listening to another person's cell phone conversation. (Photo by \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/futurestreet/3334257292/\" target=\"_blank\">futurestreet\u003c/a> via Flickr, CC by 2.0)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a recent bus ride across the Bay Bridge, I was reading a journal article about environmental pollutants when a cell phone rang a few seats behind me, piercing the glorious silence. My muscles tensed, anticipating the inevitable banal chatter that I would have no choice but to endure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hello?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No, I’m not busy. I’m just on the bus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the person on the other end of the call must have launched into a seriously juicy tale, because the woman replied, “No!” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t believe he did that! Can you imagine?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, I can’t imagine. As I tried to contain my building frustration, after rereading a sentence five times with no hope of comprehension, I resolved to scan the scientific literature to find out why hearing someone talk on their cell phone is so maddening. But then more pressing matters got in the way and I forgot about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I was interested when I heard about a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0058579\" target=\"_blank\">new study published in PLOS ONE\u003c/a> last week in which psychologists from the University of California, San Diego investigated this very question. Well, nearly so. Being cognitive neuroscientists, they weren’t measuring something as subjective as annoyance per se but more tractable scientific questions like memory and attention. And, yes, they found that hearing a one-sided conversation is extremely annoying and distracting—far more so than hearing both sides of a conversation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why study what’s become one of the most common examples of thoughtless behavior? Americans spent something like 2.3 trillion minutes on wireless devices last year, the researchers note in the paper, with some people confessing a “personal connection” with their cell. The sheer ubiquity of these insidious little devices means they will affect pretty much everyone at some point in some way. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several studies show that chatting on cell phones while doing something else, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=McKnight%5Bauthor%5D+AND+The+effect+of+cellular+phone+use+upon+driver+attention\" target=\"_blank\">like driving\u003c/a>, interferes with your ability to perform that task—and you don’t improve with practice. The studies suggest that the effects aren’t related to motor skills, like dialing while steering, but to an inability to pay attention to what’s going on around you. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walking while chatting isn’t much better. Like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.cmu.edu/~behrmann/dlpapers/Simons_Chabris.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">famous gorilla-basketball study\u003c/a>—where participants who watched teams pass a basketball back and forth failed to notice a person in a gorilla suit amble through—a 2010 study found that most pedestrians talking on cell phones failed to notice a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acp.1638/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">clown ride past them on a unicycle\u003c/a>. Cognitive neuroscientists call this phenomenon “inattentional blindness.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If cell phones can compromise your ability to perform a task as ingrained as walking, it’s surprising that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/laws/cellphone_laws.html\" target=\"_blank\">only 10 states prohibit drivers \u003c/a>from talking on a handheld device. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s no secret that most people hate listening to others talking on their cell phone. Surveys support what we all assume, with more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2006/Americans-and-their-cell-phones/1-Data-Memo-Findings.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">80% of respondents\u003c/a> attesting to the irritation factor. But few investigators have devised experiments to understand the cognitive effects of listening to a one-sided conservation. So Victoria Galván, an associate professor of psychology at UC San Diego, set out to do just that. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To simulate what happens when we find ourselves hostage to someone jabbering on their phone on a bus or in a restaurant, Galván combined a well-controlled attention task experiment with a bit of deception. The study participants, 164 undergrads taking an Intro Psych class at the university, thought the study was about a link between anagrams and reading comprehension. (Fifteen of the students must have read the literature because they guessed the study’s aims, forcing the researchers to exclude their results.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the students worked on unscrambling anagrams, a researcher left the room. Then the conversations began: \"confederates\" sitting near the students started either one-sided or two-sided 7-minute conversations that covered details about a birthday party, shopping and a date. When the researcher returned, she said her team wanted to understand “how a conversation affected a person” and gave the students a test to measure their memory of the conversation and a questionnaire to assess how distracting it was. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As predicted, the students who heard the one-sided conversation were more distracted and had more trouble with their anagrams. They also found the volume and content of the conversation more annoying. Sound familiar?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers attribute our annoyance in part to a lack of control, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2841317/\" target=\"_blank\">other studies\u003c/a> show can lead to heightened stress responses such as headaches and anxiety. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, the students who heard the one-sided conversations performed better on the memory task, a result that may relate to the “unique, intrusive, ‘attention-grabbing’ aspects of a one-sided cell phone conversation,\" the researchers explain, since the students weren’t instructed to pay attention to the conversation. Or maybe they remembered more because they had half the information to absorb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m betting on the unique, intrusive, attention-grabbing hypothesis. A \u003ca href=\"http://pss.sagepub.com/content/21/10/1383.short\" target=\"_blank\">previous study\u003c/a> in a lab setting by a different research team suggested it’s the unpredictability of one-sided conversations that gets under your skin. When you hear two people talking, you don’t waste cognitive resources trying to guess what the other person is saying and it’s easier to block them out. (And I might have learned what that no-good guy did.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when you can hear just one side, you’re left waiting for the next snippet, imagining what comes next. I certainly had to use a lot of brain power to stay focused on that journal article, which I could finally read in earnest only after my fellow passenger ended her call after 15 very long minutes. Luckily, she did it before I gave her something else to talk about.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It's well known that talking on your cell phone compromises your ability to perform simple tasks like walking and driving. Now it turns out cell phones impact cognition in bystanders as well: listening to another person talk on their cell phone isn't just incredibly annoying, it also interferes with your memory and concentration.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366389248,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1028},"headData":{"title":"Yes, Your Cell Phone Conversation Does Drive People Mad | KQED","description":"It's well known that talking on your cell phone compromises your ability to perform simple tasks like walking and driving. Now it turns out cell phones impact cognition in bystanders as well: listening to another person talk on their cell phone isn't just incredibly annoying, it also interferes with your memory and concentration.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"51094 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=51094","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/20/yes-your-cell-phone-conversation-does-drive-people-mad/","disqusTitle":"Yes, Your Cell Phone Conversation Does Drive People Mad","path":"/quest/51094/yes-your-cell-phone-conversation-does-drive-people-mad","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51099\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/20/yes-your-cell-phone-conversation-does-drive-people-mad/cell-phone-baby/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51099\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/cell-phone-baby.jpg\" alt=\"New research explores the cognitive effects of listening to another person's cell phone conversation. (Photo by futurestreet via Flickr, CC by 2.0)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" class=\"size-full wp-image-51099\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/cell-phone-baby.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/cell-phone-baby-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New research explores the cognitive effects of listening to another person's cell phone conversation. (Photo by \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/futurestreet/3334257292/\" target=\"_blank\">futurestreet\u003c/a> via Flickr, CC by 2.0)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a recent bus ride across the Bay Bridge, I was reading a journal article about environmental pollutants when a cell phone rang a few seats behind me, piercing the glorious silence. My muscles tensed, anticipating the inevitable banal chatter that I would have no choice but to endure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hello?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No, I’m not busy. I’m just on the bus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the person on the other end of the call must have launched into a seriously juicy tale, because the woman replied, “No!” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t believe he did that! Can you imagine?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, I can’t imagine. As I tried to contain my building frustration, after rereading a sentence five times with no hope of comprehension, I resolved to scan the scientific literature to find out why hearing someone talk on their cell phone is so maddening. But then more pressing matters got in the way and I forgot about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I was interested when I heard about a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0058579\" target=\"_blank\">new study published in PLOS ONE\u003c/a> last week in which psychologists from the University of California, San Diego investigated this very question. Well, nearly so. Being cognitive neuroscientists, they weren’t measuring something as subjective as annoyance per se but more tractable scientific questions like memory and attention. And, yes, they found that hearing a one-sided conversation is extremely annoying and distracting—far more so than hearing both sides of a conversation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why study what’s become one of the most common examples of thoughtless behavior? Americans spent something like 2.3 trillion minutes on wireless devices last year, the researchers note in the paper, with some people confessing a “personal connection” with their cell. The sheer ubiquity of these insidious little devices means they will affect pretty much everyone at some point in some way. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several studies show that chatting on cell phones while doing something else, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=McKnight%5Bauthor%5D+AND+The+effect+of+cellular+phone+use+upon+driver+attention\" target=\"_blank\">like driving\u003c/a>, interferes with your ability to perform that task—and you don’t improve with practice. The studies suggest that the effects aren’t related to motor skills, like dialing while steering, but to an inability to pay attention to what’s going on around you. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walking while chatting isn’t much better. Like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.cmu.edu/~behrmann/dlpapers/Simons_Chabris.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">famous gorilla-basketball study\u003c/a>—where participants who watched teams pass a basketball back and forth failed to notice a person in a gorilla suit amble through—a 2010 study found that most pedestrians talking on cell phones failed to notice a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acp.1638/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">clown ride past them on a unicycle\u003c/a>. Cognitive neuroscientists call this phenomenon “inattentional blindness.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If cell phones can compromise your ability to perform a task as ingrained as walking, it’s surprising that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/laws/cellphone_laws.html\" target=\"_blank\">only 10 states prohibit drivers \u003c/a>from talking on a handheld device. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s no secret that most people hate listening to others talking on their cell phone. Surveys support what we all assume, with more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2006/Americans-and-their-cell-phones/1-Data-Memo-Findings.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">80% of respondents\u003c/a> attesting to the irritation factor. But few investigators have devised experiments to understand the cognitive effects of listening to a one-sided conservation. So Victoria Galván, an associate professor of psychology at UC San Diego, set out to do just that. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To simulate what happens when we find ourselves hostage to someone jabbering on their phone on a bus or in a restaurant, Galván combined a well-controlled attention task experiment with a bit of deception. The study participants, 164 undergrads taking an Intro Psych class at the university, thought the study was about a link between anagrams and reading comprehension. (Fifteen of the students must have read the literature because they guessed the study’s aims, forcing the researchers to exclude their results.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the students worked on unscrambling anagrams, a researcher left the room. Then the conversations began: \"confederates\" sitting near the students started either one-sided or two-sided 7-minute conversations that covered details about a birthday party, shopping and a date. When the researcher returned, she said her team wanted to understand “how a conversation affected a person” and gave the students a test to measure their memory of the conversation and a questionnaire to assess how distracting it was. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As predicted, the students who heard the one-sided conversation were more distracted and had more trouble with their anagrams. They also found the volume and content of the conversation more annoying. Sound familiar?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers attribute our annoyance in part to a lack of control, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2841317/\" target=\"_blank\">other studies\u003c/a> show can lead to heightened stress responses such as headaches and anxiety. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, the students who heard the one-sided conversations performed better on the memory task, a result that may relate to the “unique, intrusive, ‘attention-grabbing’ aspects of a one-sided cell phone conversation,\" the researchers explain, since the students weren’t instructed to pay attention to the conversation. Or maybe they remembered more because they had half the information to absorb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m betting on the unique, intrusive, attention-grabbing hypothesis. A \u003ca href=\"http://pss.sagepub.com/content/21/10/1383.short\" target=\"_blank\">previous study\u003c/a> in a lab setting by a different research team suggested it’s the unpredictability of one-sided conversations that gets under your skin. When you hear two people talking, you don’t waste cognitive resources trying to guess what the other person is saying and it’s easier to block them out. (And I might have learned what that no-good guy did.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when you can hear just one side, you’re left waiting for the next snippet, imagining what comes next. I certainly had to use a lot of brain power to stay focused on that journal article, which I could finally read in earnest only after my fellow passenger ended her call after 15 very long minutes. Luckily, she did it before I gave her something else to talk about.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/51094/yes-your-cell-phone-conversation-does-drive-people-mad","authors":["6322"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_3503","quest_11847","quest_2326","quest_13202","quest_3785"],"featImg":"quest_51099","label":"quest"},"quest_41592":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_41592","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"41592","score":null,"sort":[1343772591000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"avatars-and-the-mirrorbox-can-humans-hack-empathy","title":"Avatars and the Mirrorbox: Can Humans Hack Empathy?","publishDate":1343772591,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41639\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/31/avatars-and-the-mirrorbox-can-humans-hack-empathy/mirrorbox_faces/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41639\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/mirrorbox_faces.png\" alt=\"Mirrorbox faces\" title=\"mirrorbox_faces\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41639\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/mirrorbox_faces.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/mirrorbox_faces-400x225.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faces from Megan Daalder's Mirrorbox project\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/31/avatars-and-the-mirrorbox-can-humans-hack-empathy/220px-avatar-teaser-poster/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41631\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/220px-Avatar-Teaser-Poster.jpg\" alt=\"Avatar Poster\" title=\"220px-Avatar-Teaser-Poster\" width=\"220\" height=\"326\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-41631\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human solider Jake Sully jacks his mind into an alien body in order to spy on the real aliens, but ends up developing so much sympathy for them that he defects. The fact that his Na'vi body is physical and not virtual is an invention of moviemaker James Cameron for the sci-fi film \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0499549/\" title=\"IMDB - Avatar\">\u003cem>Avatar\u003c/em>\u003c/a>--but everything else about Jake's experience lines right up with modern psychology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Stanford's \u003ca href=\"http://vhil.stanford.edu/\" title=\"Virtual Human Interaction Lab\">Virtual Human Interaction Lab\u003c/a> have found it's very easy for people to inhabit virtual bodies, even if those bodies bear little resemblance to their own. They readily cue their behavior off the appearance of their avatars; for example, those inhabiting taller avatars negotiate more aggressively. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nickyee.com/\" title=\"Nick Yee\">Nick Yee\u003c/a>, now a researcher at the Palo Alto Research Center, calls this influence \"The Proteus Effect.\" Most striking, \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/~bailenso/papers/Proteus%20Implications.pdf\" title=\"Proteus Implications\">these behaviors bleed over into ordinary life\u003c/a>. Even short people who inhabited a tall avatar will be more aggressive in face-to-face interactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtual avatars are one thing. But what about real bodies? Would identifying with another person's body make you behave more like that person? If the body belongs to a different gender, age, or ethnicity than yours, would you become more empathic to others in that group?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41634\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 251px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/31/avatars-and-the-mirrorbox-can-humans-hack-empathy/256px-wow_box_art1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41634\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/256px-WoW_Box_Art1-251x360.jpg\" alt=\"World of Warcraft Cover Art\" title=\"256px-WoW_Box_Art1\" width=\"251\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-41634\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World of Warcraft is an avatar-based online community that has been used for research into the Proteus Effect.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This idea may seem confined to realm of science fiction, but artist \u003ca href=\"http://proofsofconcept.com/\" title=\"Megan Daalder\">Megan Daalder\u003c/a> has found a way to try it out in the real world. Her \u003ca href=\"http://www.themirrorbox.info/\" title=\"Mirrorbox\">Mirrorbox\u003c/a>, a helmet-like contraption worn by two people as they stand facing each other, uses lights and mirrors to superimpose the images of their two faces as they smile, nod, and talk together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may sound creepy, but most participants report loving the experience. Some even use words like \"euphoria\" and \"bliss\" in post-Mirrorbox surveys. The feeling of sharing a face with another human is apparently right up humanity's alley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These reports have gotten scientists interested in using the Mirrorbox as a tool to study and perhaps enhance empathy. Humans, after all, are prone to exclusion: \u003cem>Me, not you. Our group, not those others.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But humans also have a powerful capacity for empathy. Great men and women throughout the ages and around the world have been able to identify with the suffering of others and work tirelessly to alleviate it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, those of us who aspire to such greatness often struggle to empathize even with that rush-hour commuter who \u003cem>totally\u003c/em> just cut us off. Could regular practice with a tool like the Mirrorbox train us to be more forgiving? More accepting?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daalder, who is also an instructor at UCLA's \u003ca href=\"http://www.summer.ucla.edu/institutes/Artscience/overview.htm\" title=\"Art|Sci NanoLab\">Sci|Art NanoLab\u003c/a>, made a fascinating video about the Mirrorbox's transition between the realms of art and science. It closes with these tantalizing words from \u003ca href=\"http://www-scf.usc.edu/~sliew/\" title=\"Sook-Lei Liew\">Sook-Lei Liew\u003c/a>, a PhD student in neuroscience at the University of Southern California: \"We can't say that much yet, but the results are \u003cem>very\u003c/em> promising.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>h/t to Scientific American's \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/video-of-the-week/2012/07/20/mirrorbox-the-story-of-how-art-became-science/\" title=\"SciAm - Mirrorbox\">video of the week\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://player.vimeo.com/video/38138351\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/38138351\">Mirrorbox: The Story of How Art Became Science\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/user766097\">megamayd\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com\">Vimeo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Virtual avatars are one thing. But what about real bodies? Would identifying with another person's body make you behave more like that person? If the body belongs to a different gender, age, or ethnicity than yours, would you become more empathic to others in that group?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1344279319,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://player.vimeo.com/video/38138351"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":533},"headData":{"title":"Avatars and the Mirrorbox: Can Humans Hack Empathy? | KQED","description":"Virtual avatars are one thing. But what about real bodies? Would identifying with another person's body make you behave more like that person? If the body belongs to a different gender, age, or ethnicity than yours, would you become more empathic to others in that group?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"41592 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=41592","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/31/avatars-and-the-mirrorbox-can-humans-hack-empathy/","disqusTitle":"Avatars and the Mirrorbox: Can Humans Hack Empathy?","path":"/quest/41592/avatars-and-the-mirrorbox-can-humans-hack-empathy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41639\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/31/avatars-and-the-mirrorbox-can-humans-hack-empathy/mirrorbox_faces/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41639\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/mirrorbox_faces.png\" alt=\"Mirrorbox faces\" title=\"mirrorbox_faces\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41639\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/mirrorbox_faces.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/mirrorbox_faces-400x225.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faces from Megan Daalder's Mirrorbox project\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/31/avatars-and-the-mirrorbox-can-humans-hack-empathy/220px-avatar-teaser-poster/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41631\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/220px-Avatar-Teaser-Poster.jpg\" alt=\"Avatar Poster\" title=\"220px-Avatar-Teaser-Poster\" width=\"220\" height=\"326\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-41631\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human solider Jake Sully jacks his mind into an alien body in order to spy on the real aliens, but ends up developing so much sympathy for them that he defects. The fact that his Na'vi body is physical and not virtual is an invention of moviemaker James Cameron for the sci-fi film \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0499549/\" title=\"IMDB - Avatar\">\u003cem>Avatar\u003c/em>\u003c/a>--but everything else about Jake's experience lines right up with modern psychology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Stanford's \u003ca href=\"http://vhil.stanford.edu/\" title=\"Virtual Human Interaction Lab\">Virtual Human Interaction Lab\u003c/a> have found it's very easy for people to inhabit virtual bodies, even if those bodies bear little resemblance to their own. They readily cue their behavior off the appearance of their avatars; for example, those inhabiting taller avatars negotiate more aggressively. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nickyee.com/\" title=\"Nick Yee\">Nick Yee\u003c/a>, now a researcher at the Palo Alto Research Center, calls this influence \"The Proteus Effect.\" Most striking, \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/~bailenso/papers/Proteus%20Implications.pdf\" title=\"Proteus Implications\">these behaviors bleed over into ordinary life\u003c/a>. Even short people who inhabited a tall avatar will be more aggressive in face-to-face interactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtual avatars are one thing. But what about real bodies? Would identifying with another person's body make you behave more like that person? If the body belongs to a different gender, age, or ethnicity than yours, would you become more empathic to others in that group?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41634\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 251px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/31/avatars-and-the-mirrorbox-can-humans-hack-empathy/256px-wow_box_art1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41634\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/256px-WoW_Box_Art1-251x360.jpg\" alt=\"World of Warcraft Cover Art\" title=\"256px-WoW_Box_Art1\" width=\"251\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-41634\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World of Warcraft is an avatar-based online community that has been used for research into the Proteus Effect.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This idea may seem confined to realm of science fiction, but artist \u003ca href=\"http://proofsofconcept.com/\" title=\"Megan Daalder\">Megan Daalder\u003c/a> has found a way to try it out in the real world. Her \u003ca href=\"http://www.themirrorbox.info/\" title=\"Mirrorbox\">Mirrorbox\u003c/a>, a helmet-like contraption worn by two people as they stand facing each other, uses lights and mirrors to superimpose the images of their two faces as they smile, nod, and talk together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may sound creepy, but most participants report loving the experience. Some even use words like \"euphoria\" and \"bliss\" in post-Mirrorbox surveys. The feeling of sharing a face with another human is apparently right up humanity's alley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These reports have gotten scientists interested in using the Mirrorbox as a tool to study and perhaps enhance empathy. Humans, after all, are prone to exclusion: \u003cem>Me, not you. Our group, not those others.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But humans also have a powerful capacity for empathy. Great men and women throughout the ages and around the world have been able to identify with the suffering of others and work tirelessly to alleviate it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, those of us who aspire to such greatness often struggle to empathize even with that rush-hour commuter who \u003cem>totally\u003c/em> just cut us off. Could regular practice with a tool like the Mirrorbox train us to be more forgiving? More accepting?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daalder, who is also an instructor at UCLA's \u003ca href=\"http://www.summer.ucla.edu/institutes/Artscience/overview.htm\" title=\"Art|Sci NanoLab\">Sci|Art NanoLab\u003c/a>, made a fascinating video about the Mirrorbox's transition between the realms of art and science. It closes with these tantalizing words from \u003ca href=\"http://www-scf.usc.edu/~sliew/\" title=\"Sook-Lei Liew\">Sook-Lei Liew\u003c/a>, a PhD student in neuroscience at the University of Southern California: \"We can't say that much yet, but the results are \u003cem>very\u003c/em> promising.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>h/t to Scientific American's \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/video-of-the-week/2012/07/20/mirrorbox-the-story-of-how-art-became-science/\" title=\"SciAm - Mirrorbox\">video of the week\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://player.vimeo.com/video/38138351\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/38138351\">Mirrorbox: The Story of How Art Became Science\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/user766097\">megamayd\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com\">Vimeo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/41592/avatars-and-the-mirrorbox-can-humans-hack-empathy","authors":["6324"],"categories":["quest_8"],"tags":["quest_216","quest_10826","quest_11323","quest_3351","quest_11324","quest_11325","quest_2326","quest_2349","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_41639","label":"quest"},"quest_14838":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_14838","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"14838","score":null,"sort":[1306517515000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"cultural-pressure-encourages-poor-eating-habits-in-immigrants","title":"Cultural Pressure Encourages Poor Eating Habits In Immigrants","publishDate":1306517515,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/burger.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>How do we make healthy eating cool? Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/f_mafra/3340471512/in/photostream/\">f_mafra\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who immigrate to the United States from traditionally healthy cultures usually develop Western disease patterns within one or two generations. Since genetic changes cannot occur this rapidly, environmental factors, particularly diet, are considered to be primary the reason for the shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it has been proposed that dietary changes are the result of having access to less healthy foods, new research suggests that poor food choices are often made not from preference but from pressure to fit in as an American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a new study to be published in the upcoming issue of \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/news/releases/fatting-in-immigrant-groups-eat-high-calorie-american-meals-to-fit-in.html\">Psychological Science\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, researchers from Stanford and UC Berkeley explored the eating choices made by Asian-American and white college students when put in situations that threaten their American identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first part of the experiment asked students to write down their favorite foods, but first prefaced some of the students with the question, \"Do you speak English?\" All the students could speak fluent English, but of the Asian-American students that were asked the question 75% included a stereotypical American food in their food preferences, compared to 25% who had not been asked the question. There was no difference in preferences of white students with or without the question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test if cultural pressure affects eating habits directly, researchers performed a similar experiment but offered students dishes from typical American and Asian restaurants. Before the experiment, however, some students were told, \"Actually, you have to be American to be in this experiment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asian-American students who were asked the question were more likely to choose the American food options than the students who were not asked the question. Subsequently their choices were less healthy and they ate an extra 182 calories in the meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attitudes about food and social pressure can greatly impact eating habits, and this study is consistent previous findings that overweight people tend to have overweight friends. Bad eating habits aren't just individual choices, but reflect societal pressures and group psychology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the question remains, how do we make healthy eating cool?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8754404 -122.2455364\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"But the question remains, how do we make healthy eating cool?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1306517515,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":359},"headData":{"title":"Cultural Pressure Encourages Poor Eating Habits In Immigrants | KQED","description":"But the question remains, how do we make healthy eating cool?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"14838 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=14838","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/27/cultural-pressure-encourages-poor-eating-habits-in-immigrants/","disqusTitle":"Cultural Pressure Encourages Poor Eating Habits In Immigrants","path":"/quest/14838/cultural-pressure-encourages-poor-eating-habits-in-immigrants","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/burger.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>How do we make healthy eating cool? Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/f_mafra/3340471512/in/photostream/\">f_mafra\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who immigrate to the United States from traditionally healthy cultures usually develop Western disease patterns within one or two generations. Since genetic changes cannot occur this rapidly, environmental factors, particularly diet, are considered to be primary the reason for the shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it has been proposed that dietary changes are the result of having access to less healthy foods, new research suggests that poor food choices are often made not from preference but from pressure to fit in as an American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a new study to be published in the upcoming issue of \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/news/releases/fatting-in-immigrant-groups-eat-high-calorie-american-meals-to-fit-in.html\">Psychological Science\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, researchers from Stanford and UC Berkeley explored the eating choices made by Asian-American and white college students when put in situations that threaten their American identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first part of the experiment asked students to write down their favorite foods, but first prefaced some of the students with the question, \"Do you speak English?\" All the students could speak fluent English, but of the Asian-American students that were asked the question 75% included a stereotypical American food in their food preferences, compared to 25% who had not been asked the question. There was no difference in preferences of white students with or without the question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test if cultural pressure affects eating habits directly, researchers performed a similar experiment but offered students dishes from typical American and Asian restaurants. Before the experiment, however, some students were told, \"Actually, you have to be American to be in this experiment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asian-American students who were asked the question were more likely to choose the American food options than the students who were not asked the question. Subsequently their choices were less healthy and they ate an extra 182 calories in the meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attitudes about food and social pressure can greatly impact eating habits, and this study is consistent previous findings that overweight people tend to have overweight friends. Bad eating habits aren't just individual choices, but reflect societal pressures and group psychology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the question remains, how do we make healthy eating cool?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8754404 -122.2455364\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/14838/cultural-pressure-encourages-poor-eating-habits-in-immigrants","authors":["10218"],"categories":["quest_12"],"tags":["quest_830","quest_1122","quest_13201","quest_2022","quest_2326"],"featImg":"quest_14874","label":"quest"},"quest_1178":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_1178","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"1178","score":null,"sort":[1233009395000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"meditating-on-change-january-20th-and-the-herd-effect","title":"Meditating on Change: January 20th and The Herd Effect","publishDate":1233009395,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/01/herd.jpg\">\u003cem>Photo Credit: Jessica Lavin\u003c/em>\u003c/span>On January 20th, over two million people congregated in one place. There were no arrests, people talked to strangers with no heed of creed or religion, and there was an overwhelming sense of joy complete with outbursts of singing and dancing. When President Obama got up and spoke, all two million people went silent and his voice rang loud and clear down the course of the National Mall. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have never experienced anything like it and as I look back I know that being on the mall will be one of the truest moments in my life. Is this what happens when over two million people focus on the present moment and meditate on positive transformation and change?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The psychology of the inauguration fascinated me; more so because my experience of mob dynamics came from working at San Quentin State Prison where I have seen the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herd_behavior\">Herd Effect\u003c/a> in human populations. I brought walkie-talkies and set an emergency plan with the three other people coming with me just in case of violence. I expected if there were problems that the psychology of the Herd Effect would come into play. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Herd effect describes how individuals in a group can act together without planned direction. Evolutionary biologists have noted in animals fleeing a predator, individual animals will band and run in a tightly packed group to insure their own self-seeking protection. By doing so the group becomes a unified front and collective action becomes paramount over individual need. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are numerous case studies in sociology and psychology about the Herd Effect in humans. The Los Angeles riots of 1992 exemplified how the Herd Effect often results in mob violence. The security precautions at the inauguration, complete with snipers on the top of the museums, made me all too aware that the threat of violence had not been overlooked in the massive size of the crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the event as packed and uncomfortable as it was, remained peaceful. Without the catalyst of fear, people looked out for each other and strangers burst out in the same songs. I left feeling empowered and intuitively in tune with my surroundings and fellow Americans. Although I had prepared for the possibility violence, I left with a bigger question: is there a positive counterpart to the Herd Effect? What happens when you have a collective body in a small area experiencing something positive and uplifting? Nothing came up in my research about this type of phenomena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would be curious to note if there exists any case studies about the effects of joy felt by millions in one area and what the side effects were in comparison. Perhaps this day and the actions of the crowd will be fodder for further study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7697 -122.466\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The psychology of the inauguration fascinated me; more so because my experience of mob dynamics came from working at San Quentin State Prison where I have seen the Herd Effect in human populations.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1233009395,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":467},"headData":{"title":"Meditating on Change: January 20th and The Herd Effect | KQED","description":"The psychology of the inauguration fascinated me; more so because my experience of mob dynamics came from working at San Quentin State Prison where I have seen the Herd Effect in human populations.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"1178 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=1178","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/01/26/meditating-on-change-january-20th-and-the-herd-effect/","disqusTitle":"Meditating on Change: January 20th and The Herd Effect","path":"/quest/1178/meditating-on-change-january-20th-and-the-herd-effect","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/01/herd.jpg\">\u003cem>Photo Credit: Jessica Lavin\u003c/em>\u003c/span>On January 20th, over two million people congregated in one place. There were no arrests, people talked to strangers with no heed of creed or religion, and there was an overwhelming sense of joy complete with outbursts of singing and dancing. When President Obama got up and spoke, all two million people went silent and his voice rang loud and clear down the course of the National Mall. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have never experienced anything like it and as I look back I know that being on the mall will be one of the truest moments in my life. Is this what happens when over two million people focus on the present moment and meditate on positive transformation and change?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The psychology of the inauguration fascinated me; more so because my experience of mob dynamics came from working at San Quentin State Prison where I have seen the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herd_behavior\">Herd Effect\u003c/a> in human populations. I brought walkie-talkies and set an emergency plan with the three other people coming with me just in case of violence. I expected if there were problems that the psychology of the Herd Effect would come into play. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Herd effect describes how individuals in a group can act together without planned direction. Evolutionary biologists have noted in animals fleeing a predator, individual animals will band and run in a tightly packed group to insure their own self-seeking protection. By doing so the group becomes a unified front and collective action becomes paramount over individual need. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are numerous case studies in sociology and psychology about the Herd Effect in humans. The Los Angeles riots of 1992 exemplified how the Herd Effect often results in mob violence. The security precautions at the inauguration, complete with snipers on the top of the museums, made me all too aware that the threat of violence had not been overlooked in the massive size of the crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the event as packed and uncomfortable as it was, remained peaceful. Without the catalyst of fear, people looked out for each other and strangers burst out in the same songs. I left feeling empowered and intuitively in tune with my surroundings and fellow Americans. Although I had prepared for the possibility violence, I left with a bigger question: is there a positive counterpart to the Herd Effect? What happens when you have a collective body in a small area experiencing something positive and uplifting? Nothing came up in my research about this type of phenomena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would be curious to note if there exists any case studies about the effects of joy felt by millions in one area and what the side effects were in comparison. Perhaps this day and the actions of the crowd will be fodder for further study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7697 -122.466\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/1178/meditating-on-change-january-20th-and-the-herd-effect","authors":["10173"],"categories":["quest_12"],"tags":["quest_34","quest_276","quest_1355","quest_1847","quest_2285","quest_2326"],"label":"quest"},"quest_558":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_558","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"558","score":null,"sort":[1209500321000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-emotions-revealed","title":"Producer's Notes: Emotions Revealed","publishDate":1209500321,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Is your face giving you away? This week, QUEST met renowned psychologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.paulekman.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Paul Ekman\u003c/a>, who has spent his life studying how our facial muscles involuntarily reveal emotions like sadness and anger. In 1976, Dr. Ekman and his colleague Dr. Wallace Friesen published the Facial Action Coding System, or FACS, a system that comprehensively inventoried the muscles movements that create smiles, frowns and grimaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each movement is categorized in Action Unit (AUs). When you puff your cheeks, it's known as AU13. The Frontalis muscle, located on the forehead, is responsible for AU1 or the \"Inner Brow Raiser\". Over the course of their extensive research, Ekman and Friesen determined that there are at least 19 different versions of smiles! For more information and additional resources on FACS, \u003ca href=\"http://www.face-and-emotion.com/dataface/facs/description.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">visit the Data Face website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in the Bay Area, you can \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/mind/index.html#events\" target=\"_blank\">see a special exhibit\u003c/a> at San Francisco's Exploratorium with more of Dr. Ekman's photos. It's open through May 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Is your face giving you away? QUEST met renowned psychologist Paul Ekman who has spent his life studying how our facial muscles involuntarily reveal emotions like sadness and anger.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457889673,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":164},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Emotions Revealed | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"558 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2008/04/29/producers-notes-emotions-revealed/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/04/29/producers-notes-emotions-revealed/","disqusTitle":"Producer's Notes: Emotions Revealed","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PFqzYoKkCc","path":"/quest/558/producers-notes-emotions-revealed","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Is your face giving you away? This week, QUEST met renowned psychologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.paulekman.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Paul Ekman\u003c/a>, who has spent his life studying how our facial muscles involuntarily reveal emotions like sadness and anger. In 1976, Dr. Ekman and his colleague Dr. Wallace Friesen published the Facial Action Coding System, or FACS, a system that comprehensively inventoried the muscles movements that create smiles, frowns and grimaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each movement is categorized in Action Unit (AUs). When you puff your cheeks, it's known as AU13. The Frontalis muscle, located on the forehead, is responsible for AU1 or the \"Inner Brow Raiser\". Over the course of their extensive research, Ekman and Friesen determined that there are at least 19 different versions of smiles! For more information and additional resources on FACS, \u003ca href=\"http://www.face-and-emotion.com/dataface/facs/description.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">visit the Data Face website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in the Bay Area, you can \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/mind/index.html#events\" target=\"_blank\">see a special exhibit\u003c/a> at San Francisco's Exploratorium with more of Dr. Ekman's photos. It's open through May 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/558/producers-notes-emotions-revealed","authors":["2100"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_12","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_973","quest_1057","quest_3351","quest_2326","quest_2893"],"featImg":"quest_559","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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