Operation Vesta: Pluto's Devious Plan to Regain Status?
Pluto On the Horizon!
Planetary Robotic Roundup
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Vesta - Images from the Dawn Spacecraft","publishDate":1324412035,"status":"inherit","parent":28624,"modified":1324412035,"caption":"Asteroid Vesta - Images from the Dawn Spacecraft","credit":null,"description":"Asteroid Vesta - Images from the Dawn 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He has spent quite a few years on the care and feeding of numerous geeky and technological aspects of KQED.org, as well as the site's occasional demolition and reconstruction (typically not in that order).","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b3ef44200a53054c213d58cbe24d04fc?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Brian Underwood | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b3ef44200a53054c213d58cbe24d04fc?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b3ef44200a53054c213d58cbe24d04fc?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/brianu"},"ben-burress":{"type":"authors","id":"6180","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6180","found":true},"name":"Ben Burress","firstName":"Ben","lastName":"Burress","slug":"ben-burress","email":"bburress@chabotspace.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"\u003cstrong>Benjamin Burress\u003c/strong> has been a staff astronomer at Chabot Space & Science Center since July 1999. He graduated from Sonoma State University in 1985 with a bachelor’s degree in physics (and minor in astronomy), after which he signed on for a two-year stint in the Peace Corps, where he taught physics and mathematics in the African nation of Cameroon. From 1989-96 he served on the crew of NASA’s Kuiper Airborne Observatory at Ames Research Center in Mountain View, CA. From 1996-99, he was Head Observer at the Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer program at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, AZ.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/ben-burress/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ben Burress | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ben-burress"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_34022":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_34022","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"34022","score":null,"sort":[1333267230000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"jupiter-promoted-to-executive-planet","title":"ISAAC Promotes Jupiter to Executive Planet","publishDate":1333267230,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/jupiter-king.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/jupiter-king.jpg\" alt=\"Newly Appointed Executive Jupiter\" title=\"Newly Appointed Executive Jupiter\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-34027\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/jupiter-king.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/jupiter-king-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a> In a solar system shakeup, Jupiter has been promoted to Executive Planet. The International Solar Assembly Advisory Council has also endorsed Jupiter's choice of Saturn to be its Deputy Executive Planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their new roles, Jupiter will oversee intersolar relations and treaties, and Saturn will oversee domestic and budgetary affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The management change was foreseen by many observers as a natural outgrowth of the coup that removed Pluto from the Planetary Congress in Earth Year 2006. Prior to the ouster, Pluto frequently voted with the once formidable inner circle of rock planets, which has backed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/30/operation-vesta-plutos-devious-plan-to-regain-status/\">efforts to restore Pluto's planetary status\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planetary Congress' inner circle was initially shaken by Pluto's abrupt departure, briefly deadlocked between the four gas giants and four remaining rock planets, but Venus' swing vote has since tended more gaseous, giving the giants a clear majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the event of a 4-4 vote, the sun, which normally presides over the Planetary Congress in a nonvoting role, is allowed to cast a tie breaking vote. While technically plasma, the sun still leaned gaseous in 75% of prior cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Jupiter's most controversial campaign promises included demoting Mercury to a \"toy planet,\" a new category of not-quite-planet to be created specifically for objects of approximately Mercury's size and obstinate disposition. This move would leave room in the nine-seat Congress for gas-sympathizers Ganymede and Titan. The Advisory Council has been silent on whether or not such a move would be permissible. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jupiter has promised to lengthen the years of every planet, but particularly those of the gas giants. In Earth Year 1997, Mars, along with Mercury, Earth, and then-planet Pluto, famously questioned where the funding for these time increases will come from; Jupiter has maintained that the additional time provided per annum will leave ample opportunity for funding strategies to be developed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Earth's jobs as Minority Whip and Prime Minister of the Inner Circle High Council remain unthreatened, it could find its political influence eclipsed by the rising gas giants' power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Europa has, as expected, refrained from comment, consistent with its change in border status in Earth Year 2001.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In a solar system shakeup, Jupiter has been promoted to Executive Planet. The International Solar Assembly Advisory Council has also endorsed Jupiter's choice of Saturn to be its Deputy Executive Planet.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1334274647,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":365},"headData":{"title":"ISAAC Promotes Jupiter to Executive Planet | KQED","description":"In a solar system shakeup, Jupiter has been promoted to Executive Planet. The International Solar Assembly Advisory Council has also endorsed Jupiter's choice of Saturn to be its Deputy Executive Planet.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"ISAAC Promotes Jupiter to Executive Planet","datePublished":"2012-04-01T08:00:30.000Z","dateModified":"2012-04-12T23:50:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"34022 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=34022","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/01/jupiter-promoted-to-executive-planet/","disqusTitle":"ISAAC Promotes Jupiter to Executive Planet","path":"/quest/34022/jupiter-promoted-to-executive-planet","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/jupiter-king.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/jupiter-king.jpg\" alt=\"Newly Appointed Executive Jupiter\" title=\"Newly Appointed Executive Jupiter\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-34027\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/jupiter-king.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/jupiter-king-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a> In a solar system shakeup, Jupiter has been promoted to Executive Planet. The International Solar Assembly Advisory Council has also endorsed Jupiter's choice of Saturn to be its Deputy Executive Planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their new roles, Jupiter will oversee intersolar relations and treaties, and Saturn will oversee domestic and budgetary affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The management change was foreseen by many observers as a natural outgrowth of the coup that removed Pluto from the Planetary Congress in Earth Year 2006. Prior to the ouster, Pluto frequently voted with the once formidable inner circle of rock planets, which has backed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/30/operation-vesta-plutos-devious-plan-to-regain-status/\">efforts to restore Pluto's planetary status\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planetary Congress' inner circle was initially shaken by Pluto's abrupt departure, briefly deadlocked between the four gas giants and four remaining rock planets, but Venus' swing vote has since tended more gaseous, giving the giants a clear majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the event of a 4-4 vote, the sun, which normally presides over the Planetary Congress in a nonvoting role, is allowed to cast a tie breaking vote. While technically plasma, the sun still leaned gaseous in 75% of prior cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Jupiter's most controversial campaign promises included demoting Mercury to a \"toy planet,\" a new category of not-quite-planet to be created specifically for objects of approximately Mercury's size and obstinate disposition. This move would leave room in the nine-seat Congress for gas-sympathizers Ganymede and Titan. The Advisory Council has been silent on whether or not such a move would be permissible. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jupiter has promised to lengthen the years of every planet, but particularly those of the gas giants. In Earth Year 1997, Mars, along with Mercury, Earth, and then-planet Pluto, famously questioned where the funding for these time increases will come from; Jupiter has maintained that the additional time provided per annum will leave ample opportunity for funding strategies to be developed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Earth's jobs as Minority Whip and Prime Minister of the Inner Circle High Council remain unthreatened, it could find its political influence eclipsed by the rising gas giants' power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Europa has, as expected, refrained from comment, consistent with its change in border status in Earth Year 2001.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/34022/jupiter-promoted-to-executive-planet","authors":["6"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_10918","quest_1551","quest_10919","quest_10917","quest_2237","quest_13202","quest_2513"],"featImg":"quest_34027","label":"quest"},"quest_28624":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_28624","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"28624","score":null,"sort":[1325266827000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"operation-vesta-plutos-devious-plan-to-regain-status","title":"Operation Vesta: Pluto's Devious Plan to Regain Status? ","publishDate":1325266827,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28626\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/30/operation-vesta-plutos-devious-plan-to-regain-status/vesta-dawn/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-28626\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/vesta-dawn.jpg\" alt=\"Asteroid Vesta - Images from the Dawn Spacecraft\" title=\"Asteroid Vesta - Images from the Dawn Spacecraft\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28626\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/vesta-dawn.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/vesta-dawn-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Asteroid Vesta - Images from the Dawn Spacecraft\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the \u003ca href=\"http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/mission/whereis_nh.php\" target=\"_blank\">New Horizons\u003c/a> spacecraft hurtling toward its 2014 encounter with Pluto, and with the Dawn spacecraft now at its most up-close and personal encounter with Vesta, we are in the process of learning scads of information about two objects that are among the poorest understood and least explored bodies in the Solar System. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before NASA's Dawn settled into orbit around the asteroid Vesta—the second largest object in the Main Asteroid Belt, after the Dwarf Planet Ceres—we knew very little about it. That it is mega-mountain of rock 330 miles across that rotates rather quickly in space and is slightly egg-shaped, these things we knew—but not much more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/vesta_dawn_gallery.asp\" target=\"_blank\">What Dawn has revealed to us\u003c/a>, however, is a tiny world with unexpected complexities, inside and out. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, Vesta's anatomy may not be unlike Earth and the other Terrestrial planets, which all developed cores heavy with iron and mantles and crusts made of lighter silicate rocks when they were young and molten. This \"differentiation\" occurs for the same reason that gold particles sink to the bottom of a gold-pan as a prospector shakes the water-sand slurry back and forth: the gold is denser, the sand lighter, so the materials separate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside, Vesta's surface offers amazing landscape vista opportunities for a future robot lander or astronaut: complex topography of valleys, cliffs, troughs, ridges, and a huge mountain, with elevation differences deviating above and below the global average elevation by as much as 15 miles—that's three Mount Everests, or two Marianas Trenches! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of the surface resemble some of the basaltic formations of cooled lava in Hawaii, suggesting that, long ago, there may have been active volcanoes on Vesta, spewing out lava to shape the young surface. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What a sight it must have been—and it makes me smile when I think about the children's book \"The Little Prince.\" My favorite part of that story was the description of how the Prince, on his little asteroid world (which was only twenty or thirty feet across, I'd guess), cooked his meals on a frying pan held over a miniature volcano, which he made sure to keep clean and functional with a periodic cleaning using a giant Q-tip….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these revelations—the core/mantle differentiation, complicated geography, possible tectonic features, and signs of past volcanism--have prompted some scientists to ask, should Vesta be reclassified as a Dwarf Planet, along with Ceres, Pluto, and the others thus dubbed? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have on my desk at work a letter from a 3rd Grader. It starts, \"I think Pluto should be a planet (not a Dwarf Planet)….\" The letter continues in richer detail and quite a bit of passionate defense of Pluto, but I was struck by the fact that this 3rd Grader was, at the time Pluto was originally \"demoted,\" three years old. (And some thought the Pluto controversy would end with the previous generation of kids….)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it did get me wondering. If Dawn has changed our view of Vesta from a mere large asteroid to something maybe worthy of promotion to Dwarf Planet, what might New Horizons do to our current view of Pluto? I'm not suggesting the International Astronomical Union will reinstate Pluto as a planet when we get our first up-close images of its surface—after all, no matter what Pluto's surface may hold in store for us, this Dwarf Planet can't meet one of the \u003ca href=\"http://space.about.com/od/glossaries/g/planet.htm\" target=\"_blank\">three conditions\u003c/a> for planethood: being massive enough to clear the region of space in which it revolves. Alas, Pluto shares its orbital space with other objects. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I fully expect that New Horizons will change \u003ca href=\"http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Pluto\" target=\"_blank\">our perspective on Pluto\u003c/a>, as Dawn is doing for Vesta. The more we learn of the rich details of mysterious places like these, the more, I think, we regard them as \"worlds\"—regardless of their classification as asteroid, dwarf planet, or planet.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"With the New Horizons spacecraft hurtling toward its 2014 encounter with Pluto, and with the Dawn spacecraft now at its most up-close and personal encounter with Vesta, we are in the process of learning scads of information about two objects that are among the least understood and most under-explored bodies in the Solar System. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370999319,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":680},"headData":{"title":"Operation Vesta: Pluto's Devious Plan to Regain Status? | KQED","description":"With the New Horizons spacecraft hurtling toward its 2014 encounter with Pluto, and with the Dawn spacecraft now at its most up-close and personal encounter with Vesta, we are in the process of learning scads of information about two objects that are among the least understood and most under-explored bodies in the Solar System. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Operation Vesta: Pluto's Devious Plan to Regain Status? ","datePublished":"2011-12-30T17:40:27.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T01:08:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"28624 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=28624","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/30/operation-vesta-plutos-devious-plan-to-regain-status/","disqusTitle":"Operation Vesta: Pluto's Devious Plan to Regain Status? ","path":"/quest/28624/operation-vesta-plutos-devious-plan-to-regain-status","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28626\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/30/operation-vesta-plutos-devious-plan-to-regain-status/vesta-dawn/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-28626\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/vesta-dawn.jpg\" alt=\"Asteroid Vesta - Images from the Dawn Spacecraft\" title=\"Asteroid Vesta - Images from the Dawn Spacecraft\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28626\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/vesta-dawn.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/vesta-dawn-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Asteroid Vesta - Images from the Dawn Spacecraft\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the \u003ca href=\"http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/mission/whereis_nh.php\" target=\"_blank\">New Horizons\u003c/a> spacecraft hurtling toward its 2014 encounter with Pluto, and with the Dawn spacecraft now at its most up-close and personal encounter with Vesta, we are in the process of learning scads of information about two objects that are among the poorest understood and least explored bodies in the Solar System. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before NASA's Dawn settled into orbit around the asteroid Vesta—the second largest object in the Main Asteroid Belt, after the Dwarf Planet Ceres—we knew very little about it. That it is mega-mountain of rock 330 miles across that rotates rather quickly in space and is slightly egg-shaped, these things we knew—but not much more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/vesta_dawn_gallery.asp\" target=\"_blank\">What Dawn has revealed to us\u003c/a>, however, is a tiny world with unexpected complexities, inside and out. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, Vesta's anatomy may not be unlike Earth and the other Terrestrial planets, which all developed cores heavy with iron and mantles and crusts made of lighter silicate rocks when they were young and molten. This \"differentiation\" occurs for the same reason that gold particles sink to the bottom of a gold-pan as a prospector shakes the water-sand slurry back and forth: the gold is denser, the sand lighter, so the materials separate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside, Vesta's surface offers amazing landscape vista opportunities for a future robot lander or astronaut: complex topography of valleys, cliffs, troughs, ridges, and a huge mountain, with elevation differences deviating above and below the global average elevation by as much as 15 miles—that's three Mount Everests, or two Marianas Trenches! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of the surface resemble some of the basaltic formations of cooled lava in Hawaii, suggesting that, long ago, there may have been active volcanoes on Vesta, spewing out lava to shape the young surface. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What a sight it must have been—and it makes me smile when I think about the children's book \"The Little Prince.\" My favorite part of that story was the description of how the Prince, on his little asteroid world (which was only twenty or thirty feet across, I'd guess), cooked his meals on a frying pan held over a miniature volcano, which he made sure to keep clean and functional with a periodic cleaning using a giant Q-tip….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these revelations—the core/mantle differentiation, complicated geography, possible tectonic features, and signs of past volcanism--have prompted some scientists to ask, should Vesta be reclassified as a Dwarf Planet, along with Ceres, Pluto, and the others thus dubbed? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have on my desk at work a letter from a 3rd Grader. It starts, \"I think Pluto should be a planet (not a Dwarf Planet)….\" The letter continues in richer detail and quite a bit of passionate defense of Pluto, but I was struck by the fact that this 3rd Grader was, at the time Pluto was originally \"demoted,\" three years old. (And some thought the Pluto controversy would end with the previous generation of kids….)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it did get me wondering. If Dawn has changed our view of Vesta from a mere large asteroid to something maybe worthy of promotion to Dwarf Planet, what might New Horizons do to our current view of Pluto? I'm not suggesting the International Astronomical Union will reinstate Pluto as a planet when we get our first up-close images of its surface—after all, no matter what Pluto's surface may hold in store for us, this Dwarf Planet can't meet one of the \u003ca href=\"http://space.about.com/od/glossaries/g/planet.htm\" target=\"_blank\">three conditions\u003c/a> for planethood: being massive enough to clear the region of space in which it revolves. Alas, Pluto shares its orbital space with other objects. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I fully expect that New Horizons will change \u003ca href=\"http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Pluto\" target=\"_blank\">our perspective on Pluto\u003c/a>, as Dawn is doing for Vesta. The more we learn of the rich details of mysterious places like these, the more, I think, we regard them as \"worlds\"—regardless of their classification as asteroid, dwarf planet, or planet.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/28624/operation-vesta-plutos-devious-plan-to-regain-status","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_233","quest_544","quest_3959","quest_897","quest_1918","quest_10582","quest_2237","quest_13202","quest_3983"],"featImg":"quest_28626","label":"quest"},"quest_5702":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_5702","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"5702","score":null,"sort":[1272047835000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"pluto-on-the-horizon","title":"Pluto On the Horizon!","publishDate":1272047835,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/04/pluto-art.jpg\">\u003cem>Artist's concept of a Pluto landscape, with moon Charon on \u003cbr>the horizon. NASA.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>I've been waiting for some new news from the outer reaches of our solar system. Sometimes it seems the very cold, very dark netherworld beyond Neptune is a very uneventful region. Things move more slowly, the Sun's dim light only tickles the frigid atoms and molecules out there, and being so far removed from our robotic and telescopic scrutiny, we don't see much to begin with. But, thanks to the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/\">Hubble Space Telescope\u003c/a>, my favorite dwarf planet, Pluto, is on the horizon again!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Observations of Pluto have been made by Hubble before, bringing us the most detailed images of that small world ever taken. Still, the images reveal little more than variations in shading, and in the \u003ca href=\"http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2010/14apr_molasses/\">most recent observations\u003c/a>, some color.\u003cbr>\nThe recent images show the dwarf planet from different angles, grabbed at different times as Pluto slowly rotates, once about every six days. The darker areas have been characterized as having a \"molasses\" color—I'm assuming that means very dark brown, as that's the color of molasses in the bottle in our kitchen. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, is Pluto's surface oozing with syrupy sugars? First of all, nothing should be oozing at all under the temperatures Pluto routinely experiences. Since Pluto reached its closest approach to the Sun back in the 1980s—something that happens only every 248 years—temperatures have risen to their highest in our lifetimes, and are now up to about -385 degrees Fahrenheit. Yeah, minus. Global warming on Pluto….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While scientists don't yet know what the deep brown regions are, some expect it has something to do with Pluto's methane, the existence of which we've known for some time from spectroscopic measurements. Methane is a hydrocarbon—an \"organic molecule\"--whose chemistry is part of the basis of life on Earth. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not to say there's life on Pluto—but one theory about the molasses-colored patches is that it may be some sort of tar-like substance that has developed over millions of years from the Sun's weak rays interacting with Pluto's methane. Over its seasonal and orbital gyrations, Pluto's methane cycles from being frozen solid on the ground to being a gas and forming a thin atmosphere; right now that atmosphere is as thick as it's ever been in our lifetimes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will astronauts in the distant future have to worry about getting stuck in something sticky when they walk around on Pluto? Too early to tell….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since childhood I've been fascinated by Pluto—probably more for our lack of knowing it than for anything we actually know (which isn't a whole lot: small, cold, dark, slow, patchy brown, methane, three moons; that's the lion's-share of our knowledge). It's a place of mystery, not unlike Mars and Venus, or Jupiter's Galilean moons, were long ago (like in my childhood), before we sent spacecraft to see them up close, and before we had the powerful eye of Hubble. Mars, at least, we're getting to know pretty well; it still holds plenty of mysteries, but somehow feels not so far removed, and familiar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, something else is on the horizon in the exploration of Pluto: in five years, NASA's \u003ca href=\"http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/\">New Horizons\u003c/a> spacecraft will whiz by and in a few short hours collect an amount of information that will absolutely dwarf all that we have learned since Pluto was discovered in 1930. It's like the treks of Pioneer and Voyager all over again, back in the 1970s and 1980s, when we first visited the Gas Giant planets, and moons like Io and Europa went from being fuzzy blobs with variations in surface shading and color to worlds with craters and volcanoes and ice fissures and…well, let's just say I can hardly wait to get that up-close glimpse of Pluto. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Since childhood I've been fascinated by Pluto—probably more for our lack of knowing it than for anything we actually know.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1309997051,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":676},"headData":{"title":"Pluto On the Horizon! | KQED","description":"Since childhood I've been fascinated by Pluto—probably more for our lack of knowing it than for anything we actually know.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Pluto On the Horizon!","datePublished":"2010-04-23T18:37:15.000Z","dateModified":"2011-07-07T00:04:11.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"5702 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=5702","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/04/23/pluto-on-the-horizon/","disqusTitle":"Pluto On the Horizon!","path":"/quest/5702/pluto-on-the-horizon","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/04/pluto-art.jpg\">\u003cem>Artist's concept of a Pluto landscape, with moon Charon on \u003cbr>the horizon. NASA.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>I've been waiting for some new news from the outer reaches of our solar system. Sometimes it seems the very cold, very dark netherworld beyond Neptune is a very uneventful region. Things move more slowly, the Sun's dim light only tickles the frigid atoms and molecules out there, and being so far removed from our robotic and telescopic scrutiny, we don't see much to begin with. But, thanks to the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/\">Hubble Space Telescope\u003c/a>, my favorite dwarf planet, Pluto, is on the horizon again!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Observations of Pluto have been made by Hubble before, bringing us the most detailed images of that small world ever taken. Still, the images reveal little more than variations in shading, and in the \u003ca href=\"http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2010/14apr_molasses/\">most recent observations\u003c/a>, some color.\u003cbr>\nThe recent images show the dwarf planet from different angles, grabbed at different times as Pluto slowly rotates, once about every six days. The darker areas have been characterized as having a \"molasses\" color—I'm assuming that means very dark brown, as that's the color of molasses in the bottle in our kitchen. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, is Pluto's surface oozing with syrupy sugars? First of all, nothing should be oozing at all under the temperatures Pluto routinely experiences. Since Pluto reached its closest approach to the Sun back in the 1980s—something that happens only every 248 years—temperatures have risen to their highest in our lifetimes, and are now up to about -385 degrees Fahrenheit. Yeah, minus. Global warming on Pluto….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While scientists don't yet know what the deep brown regions are, some expect it has something to do with Pluto's methane, the existence of which we've known for some time from spectroscopic measurements. Methane is a hydrocarbon—an \"organic molecule\"--whose chemistry is part of the basis of life on Earth. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not to say there's life on Pluto—but one theory about the molasses-colored patches is that it may be some sort of tar-like substance that has developed over millions of years from the Sun's weak rays interacting with Pluto's methane. Over its seasonal and orbital gyrations, Pluto's methane cycles from being frozen solid on the ground to being a gas and forming a thin atmosphere; right now that atmosphere is as thick as it's ever been in our lifetimes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will astronauts in the distant future have to worry about getting stuck in something sticky when they walk around on Pluto? Too early to tell….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since childhood I've been fascinated by Pluto—probably more for our lack of knowing it than for anything we actually know (which isn't a whole lot: small, cold, dark, slow, patchy brown, methane, three moons; that's the lion's-share of our knowledge). It's a place of mystery, not unlike Mars and Venus, or Jupiter's Galilean moons, were long ago (like in my childhood), before we sent spacecraft to see them up close, and before we had the powerful eye of Hubble. Mars, at least, we're getting to know pretty well; it still holds plenty of mysteries, but somehow feels not so far removed, and familiar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, something else is on the horizon in the exploration of Pluto: in five years, NASA's \u003ca href=\"http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/\">New Horizons\u003c/a> spacecraft will whiz by and in a few short hours collect an amount of information that will absolutely dwarf all that we have learned since Pluto was discovered in 1930. It's like the treks of Pioneer and Voyager all over again, back in the 1970s and 1980s, when we first visited the Gas Giant planets, and moons like Io and Europa went from being fuzzy blobs with variations in surface shading and color to worlds with craters and volcanoes and ice fissures and…well, let's just say I can hardly wait to get that up-close glimpse of Pluto. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/5702/pluto-on-the-horizon","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_545","quest_1918","quest_2237","quest_2739"],"label":"quest"},"quest_678":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_678","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"678","score":null,"sort":[1215188428000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"planetary-robotic-roundup","title":"Planetary Robotic Roundup","publishDate":1215188428,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/space11.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft at Mercury-artist concept.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photo by: NASA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've been waiting for the \"whole story\" on Martian ice at the Phoenix lander site to unfold more completely, but the chemical analyses have not yet run their full courses-so I've decided to widen the focus on this blog to give a status report on current active robotic exploration of planets going on around the Solar System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limiting my scope to only planetary spacecraft, the list is still respectable. In no particular order, here's the round-up:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,324800,00.html\" target=\"_blank\">Spirit\u003c/a>: Mars Exploration Rover Spirit's activities on the Martian surface have been reduced to save on power, but the robot remains alive. With the arrival of Martian winter, Spirit spends more power running heaters to keep key electronic and power equipment healthy. Spirit remains in the giant Gusev Crater, where it will spend its entire life on Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.marstoday.com/news/viewsr.rss.html?pid=2831\" target=\"_blank\">Opportunity\u003c/a>: Exploring a much smaller crater of its own, Victoria Crater-Spirit's twin, Opportunity, continues its investigation of the rock layers of Mars' geological history. As of June 10, Opportunity has clocked in at 7.26 miles of total \"roving\" on Mars, since its landing back in 2004.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/080628-phoenix-update.html\" target=\"_blank\">Phoenix\u003c/a>: The brand-spankin'-new Mars Phoenix lander has been digging into one of Mars' greatest scientific mysteries: water. Detailed chemical analysis of samples taken at Phoenix's site near the northern polar ice cap is underway, but the big question-- is Phoenix standing on frozen Martian water-- has been answered: yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/05/080526155742.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u003c/a>: The newest orbiter in the Martian fleet continues to send back its extreme-high-resolution imagery and its revealing chemical measurements, as well as to serve as a high-speed data and communication relay for other Mars-exploring robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://themis.asu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Mars 2001 Odyssey\u003c/a>: Credited with detecting the massive amounts of frozen water in Mars' northern hemisphere-the same ice that the Phoenix lander is now scraping at, Mars 2001 Odyssey continues its surveillance of Mars' chemistry and atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Mars_Express/SEMAWQ1YUFF_0.html\" target=\"_blank\">Mars Express\u003c/a>: The European orbiter that launched the ill-fated Beagle II lander has continued on a respectable career of exploration in its own right. Mars Express also helped support the landing of the Phoenix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/main/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Cassini\u003c/a>: Saturn's first robot-in-residence, Cassini, has concluded its initial 4-year mission and is now continuing on an extended mission. Cassini has given us unprecedented close-up images and measurements of many of Saturn's stunning moons, its complicated ring system, and the swirling, aurora-touched cloud formations of Saturn itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/science/space/multimedia/2008/01/gallery_messenger_photos\" target=\"_blank\">MESSENGER\u003c/a>: The first spacecraft to visit the little-understood Mercury since 1975 made its first flyby of that planet last January, and will settle into a permanent orbit in March 2011. Even the few pics it snapped as it hurled by gave us far more detailed images of Mercury than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/news_center/news/060808.htm\" target=\"_blank\">New Horizons\u003c/a>: Launched a couple years ago on its outward bound, meteoric flight to Pluto, New Horizons has already performed some exploration duty, capturing images and data of Jupiter, Jupiter's volcanic moon Io, and Jupiter's long magnetic \"tail.\" Now in \"cruise mode,\" this little robot will fly past Pluto (dwarf planet; king of the Plutoids) in July 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Voyagers 1 and 2\u003c/a>: Do you remember the remarkable voyages of discovery made by the Voyager spacecraft, both launched in 1977? Since completing their primary missions of flying by the Gas Giant planets (Voyager 1 at Jupiter and Saturn, Voyager 2 at all four), these two veterans have continued to operate and send information back to Earth, and are now about 3 times more distant from the Sun than Pluto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the wrap. If I missed anyone, my apologies!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7631 -122.409\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371080189,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":619},"headData":{"title":"Planetary Robotic Roundup | KQED","description":"NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft at Mercury-artist concept. Photo by: NASA I've been waiting for the "whole story" on Martian ice at the Phoenix lander site to unfold more completely, but the chemical analyses have not yet run their full courses-so I've decided to widen the focus on this blog to give a status report on current","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Planetary Robotic Roundup","datePublished":"2008-07-04T16:20:28.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T23:36:29.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"678 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=678","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/07/04/planetary-robotic-roundup/","disqusTitle":"Planetary Robotic Roundup","path":"/quest/678/planetary-robotic-roundup","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/space11.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft at Mercury-artist concept.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photo by: NASA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've been waiting for the \"whole story\" on Martian ice at the Phoenix lander site to unfold more completely, but the chemical analyses have not yet run their full courses-so I've decided to widen the focus on this blog to give a status report on current active robotic exploration of planets going on around the Solar System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limiting my scope to only planetary spacecraft, the list is still respectable. In no particular order, here's the round-up:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,324800,00.html\" target=\"_blank\">Spirit\u003c/a>: Mars Exploration Rover Spirit's activities on the Martian surface have been reduced to save on power, but the robot remains alive. With the arrival of Martian winter, Spirit spends more power running heaters to keep key electronic and power equipment healthy. Spirit remains in the giant Gusev Crater, where it will spend its entire life on Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.marstoday.com/news/viewsr.rss.html?pid=2831\" target=\"_blank\">Opportunity\u003c/a>: Exploring a much smaller crater of its own, Victoria Crater-Spirit's twin, Opportunity, continues its investigation of the rock layers of Mars' geological history. As of June 10, Opportunity has clocked in at 7.26 miles of total \"roving\" on Mars, since its landing back in 2004.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/080628-phoenix-update.html\" target=\"_blank\">Phoenix\u003c/a>: The brand-spankin'-new Mars Phoenix lander has been digging into one of Mars' greatest scientific mysteries: water. Detailed chemical analysis of samples taken at Phoenix's site near the northern polar ice cap is underway, but the big question-- is Phoenix standing on frozen Martian water-- has been answered: yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/05/080526155742.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u003c/a>: The newest orbiter in the Martian fleet continues to send back its extreme-high-resolution imagery and its revealing chemical measurements, as well as to serve as a high-speed data and communication relay for other Mars-exploring robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://themis.asu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Mars 2001 Odyssey\u003c/a>: Credited with detecting the massive amounts of frozen water in Mars' northern hemisphere-the same ice that the Phoenix lander is now scraping at, Mars 2001 Odyssey continues its surveillance of Mars' chemistry and atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Mars_Express/SEMAWQ1YUFF_0.html\" target=\"_blank\">Mars Express\u003c/a>: The European orbiter that launched the ill-fated Beagle II lander has continued on a respectable career of exploration in its own right. Mars Express also helped support the landing of the Phoenix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/main/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Cassini\u003c/a>: Saturn's first robot-in-residence, Cassini, has concluded its initial 4-year mission and is now continuing on an extended mission. Cassini has given us unprecedented close-up images and measurements of many of Saturn's stunning moons, its complicated ring system, and the swirling, aurora-touched cloud formations of Saturn itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/science/space/multimedia/2008/01/gallery_messenger_photos\" target=\"_blank\">MESSENGER\u003c/a>: The first spacecraft to visit the little-understood Mercury since 1975 made its first flyby of that planet last January, and will settle into a permanent orbit in March 2011. Even the few pics it snapped as it hurled by gave us far more detailed images of Mercury than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/news_center/news/060808.htm\" target=\"_blank\">New Horizons\u003c/a>: Launched a couple years ago on its outward bound, meteoric flight to Pluto, New Horizons has already performed some exploration duty, capturing images and data of Jupiter, Jupiter's volcanic moon Io, and Jupiter's long magnetic \"tail.\" Now in \"cruise mode,\" this little robot will fly past Pluto (dwarf planet; king of the Plutoids) in July 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Voyagers 1 and 2\u003c/a>: Do you remember the remarkable voyages of discovery made by the Voyager spacecraft, both launched in 1977? Since completing their primary missions of flying by the Gas Giant planets (Voyager 1 at Jupiter and Saturn, Voyager 2 at all four), these two veterans have continued to operate and send information back to Earth, and are now about 3 times more distant from the Sun than Pluto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the wrap. If I missed anyone, my apologies!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7631 -122.409\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/678/planetary-robotic-roundup","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_254","quest_505","quest_897","quest_1287","quest_3351","quest_1751","quest_1752","quest_1754","quest_1756","quest_1760","quest_1791","quest_1918","quest_2141","quest_2182","quest_2216","quest_2237","quest_2349","quest_2441","quest_2461","quest_2513","quest_2712","quest_2742"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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