Producer's Notes: QUEST Lab - Properties of Plastic
Coastal Cleanup Day
Producer's Notes: The Plastic Breakdown
Reporter's notes: Playing with Lead - Part 1
Reporter's Notes: Sea of Plastic
Sea of Plastic
Plastic not Fantastic
Sponsored
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When not chasing down a lead, Hannah plays guitar, explores the Cleveland Metroparks and restrains herself from petting woodland creatures.","userNicename":"hannah-weinberger","type":"guest-author"}],"slug":"biodegradable-plastics-too-good-to-be-true","title":"Biodegradable Plastics: Too Good to Be True?","publishDate":1402581602,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The next time you drop a bottle marketed as biodegradable into your reusable grocery bag, pause. \u003ca href=\"http://cfaes.osu.edu/news/articles/bio-plastics-not-so-good-biodegrading-ohio-state-study\" target=\"_blank\">New research\u003c/a> shows that not all of these plastics are made equal: some don’t actually biodegrade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic pollution is a global issue. Long-lasting plastics \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoec.org/campaign/recycling-landfills\" target=\"_blank\">cramp landfills\u003c/a>, pile up in city streets, and create toxic problems in rivers, oceans, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.ohio.gov/Portals/34/document/newspdfs/n_cdd_leachate_evaluation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">drinking water\u003c/a>. Americans generate over 30 million tons of plastic waste each year, and only 8 percent of that is recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Ohio, plastics are the largest component going into the waste stream, according to recycling expert \u003ca href=\"http://epa.ohio.gov/dmwm/home/recycle.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Terrie Termeer with the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. \u003c/a>Concerns about this influx throughout the U.S. have given rise to a new kind of “biodegradable” plastic, which Termeer says is gaining in popularity. Companies are actively designing products that degrade quickly and that are sometimes made from plant feedstocks, appealing to consumers who don’t want to leave behind piles of waste or use materials that are “bad” for the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers picked up on the trend, too, some of whom felt it was cause for concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was always curious about, you know, do they actually biodegrade?” said \u003ca href=\"http://fabe.osu.edu/our-people/frederick-michel-jr\" target=\"_blank\">Fred Michel\u003c/a>, a waste-management expert and professor at Ohio State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biodegradability, a measure of how well something breaks down in compost, soil, or landfills, is an ambiguous term at best. Everything biodegrades completely over time, but your car might take a few thousand years longer to fall apart than, say, a tissue. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has attempted to clarify the term to prevent misleading advertising, but the definition is complex. According to the FTC, a product is biodegradable if it breaks down in certain environments, like compost bins, within a \"reasonable\" amount of time. But each environment dictates different interpretations of “reasonable.” Ultimately, the FTC notes that no matter where something breaks down, it needs to be completely returned to nature within a one-year timeframe in order to be marketed as “degradable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70919\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 364px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/examples-of-exp.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-70919\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/examples-of-exp-431x360.jpg\" alt=\"Michel and his team tested materials like coconut hull, asphalt-covered plastic, and additive-boosted polypropylene.\" width=\"364\" height=\"304\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michel and his team tested materials like coconut hull, asphalt-covered plastic, and additive-boosted polypropylene. Photo courtesy of Fred Michel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To make a plastic biodegradable, manufacturers have started putting in additives that supposedly allow even the sturdiest plastics to degrade in a backyard compost pile. To Michel, this seemed like an example of \u003ca href=\"http://hbr.org/product/the-drivers-of-greenwashing/an/CMR494-PDF-ENG?N=4294958507&Ntt=+&Nao=1540\" target=\"_blank\">greenwashing\u003c/a>-- a term that refers to misleading marketing tactics that appeal to the Captain Planet in each of us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was skeptical about it from the beginning because those materials don’t usually biodegrade,” Michel said. “It’s difficult to imagine a material you could add to them that would magically make them biodegradable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, biodegradable additives work by \u003ca href=\"http://www.goecopure.com/technology/\" target=\"_blank\">attracting microbes that in turn attract more microbes\u003c/a>, increasing the rate of degradation. Some manufacturers also claim the additives are organic and nontoxic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michel reviewed the research but was unable to find evidence to support manufacturers’ claims, so he ran his own experiment. Michel and his team rounded up all sorts of plastics to test their biodegradability: a motley collection of natural fibers, petroleum-based materials with the biodegradability additives, and plastics that shouldn’t biodegrade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391013003066\" target=\"_blank\">results of the research\u003c/a>, published in December 2013, were disconcerting. Traditional plastics with the “biodegradable” additives didn’t break down any more quickly than those without.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wasn’t surprised,” Michel said, “but it’s just interesting that there are materials in the market like that, that have claims that don’t seem to be justified in our testing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FTC soon caught wind of the results and began investigating ECM BioFilms, an Ohio-based manufacturer that makes a plastic additive analyzed in Michel’s experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ECM investigation, which remains tied up in court, represents the first time the FTC has ever pursued plastic biodegradability claims. Meanwhile, the FTC has also begun a closed \u003ca href=\"http://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2014/05/ftc-approves-final-order-settling-charges-company-made-misleading\" target=\"_blank\">investigation into plastic bag manufacturer American Plastic Manufacturing, Inc.\u003c/a> for misleading claims, which might set precedent for future interactions with plastic manufacturers. Manufacturers of other materials have been charged \u003ca href=\"http://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2013/10/ftc-cracks-down-misleading-unsubstantiated-environmental\" target=\"_blank\">hundreds of thousands of dollars in civil penalties\u003c/a> for misleading marketing, but as a first-time offender, \u003ca href=\"http://www.science20.com/advertising_science/blog/plastic_companys_unscientific_biodegradability_claims_barred_by_ftc-135566\" target=\"_blank\">APM was not fined but simply ordered to stop making false claims. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, the marketplace is full of these misleading claims,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.msu.edu/user/narayan/\" target=\"_blank\">Ramani Narayan\u003c/a>, a biochemical engineering professor at Michigan State University and chairman of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.astm.org/\" target=\"_blank\">ASTM Subcommittee\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bpiworld.org/BPI-Public\" target=\"_blank\">Biodegradable Products Institute\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helped develop international biodegradability standards. He says it’s often difficult to come across strong research about plastics, but he is pleased with Michel’s paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has given very clear scientific data,” he said. “It’s shown that nothing happens [when these additives are used].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But greenwashing isn’t always deliberate. The language surrounding “bio-friendliness” is so complex that many are just plain confused, said Michel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In addition to there being confusion among consumers about how these materials may be recycled or composted -- or where they end up -- there's also a certain amount of confusion among industries that are trying to become more sustainable and develop more sustainable products, about the end of life of these materials and products, and how they can best address their sustainability goals with these materials,” Michel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies have their products tested and certified by the Biodegradability Products Institute. Those confused about particulars can look to the FTC’s \u003cstrong>Green Guides\u003c/strong>, documents that outline what the agency might perceive as deceptive practices. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2012/10/ftc-issues-revised-green-guides\" target=\"_blank\">The FTC revised the guides in 2012\u003c/a> based on input from consumers who wanted to buy “green” products more intelligently, and enhanced its investigations accordingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70923\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 414px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/plastic-graph.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-70923\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/plastic-graph-508x360.jpg\" alt=\"The results of the soil experiment. See how poorly the additive-amended materials did?\" width=\"414\" height=\"293\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The results of the soil experiment. See how poorly the additive-amended materials did? Photo courtesy of Fred Michel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Being certified by the Institute isn’t mandated, and the \u003cstrong>Green Guides\u003c/strong> aren’t rules. You can market any product as biodegradable even if it’s not. There is, however, risk of civil lawsuits. If your product seems fishy, the FTC will investigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Michel isn’t content to simply police eco-friendly claims. He hopes his team’s work gets consumers to consider whether they know how to use plastics correctly, or what these “green” terms even mean. Words like “bioplastic” and “biodegradable” are often used interchangeably, when in fact each implies a very specific method of creation or disposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you know that something is a bioplastic, all you really know is that it is something made from plant feedstocks. On the other hand, if you know that something is biodegradable, you may not know what it’s made from, but you do have insight into what might happen to it in certain environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t have much information about the lifecycles of new biodegradable plastics, and what we do know isn’t widely understood by the public. For instance, not all bioplastics are biodegradable, and leaving one in your compost pile would be a bad move. Worse, if people think biodegradable products can biodegrade anywhere, they might send them to landfills. Biodegradable products usually release carbon dioxide, but if they land in an anaerobic landfill environment, they release methane as they very slowly break down -- a greenhouse gas 21 times more potent than carbon dioxide. The bottom line is that you can’t count on something breaking down in your compost bin just because it’s made of coconut fiber, for example. Plastics don’t break down quickly because of what they’re made of but because of how engineers structure the molecules within them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I were to draw the chemical structure of polyethylene (PET), derived from plants…or derived from petroleum fossils, [they’d be] identical,” said Narayan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to handle this might be to change package labeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A way to improve things would be to have some sort of lifecycle information on the container rather than just the word 'biodegradable,'” Michel said. “How much carbon went into making that material? What are the other impacts? And then, what should be done with it to have the least environmental impact?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean that's a lot for a label,” he added, “but those are the things you really need to think about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Deciphering Plastic Labels\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Plant-based\u003c/strong> or \u003cstrong>Bio-based\u003c/strong> or \u003cstrong>Bioplastic\u003c/strong>: Plastics that are made from one or more plant starches, including feedstocks like corn, coconut, sugarcane, and wood cellulose. Not to be confused with biodegradable. This term describes the content of the material, not how it operates. Many bioplastics biodegrade in a timely way, but not all.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Biodegradable\u003c/strong>: This term does not indicate source material. Rather, it implies that the plastic can be broken down and eaten by microbes in environments like compost piles. All things biodegrade, but some things biodegrade more quickly than others. Biodegradable materials are those that break down in certain environments like compost bins within a reasonable amount of time, as determined by the FTC.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Compostable\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"http://worldcentric.org/biocompostables/bioplastics\" target=\"_blank\">Compostable products\u003c/a> are biodegradable, but even more so. When compostable products biodegrade, they often do so at a quicker pace and leave behind only \u003ca href=\"http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/humus/?ar_a=1\" target=\"_blank\">humus -- the essential component of soil\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Recyclable\u003c/strong>: As with biodegradable and compostable products, recyclable products can come from any number of feedstocks, but the term refers to their end-of-life situation. Recyclable products are those whose materials can be reused, either in a similar form or as part of another product. Plastics are recycled \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationofchange.org/numbers-plastic-bottles-what-do-plastic-recycling-symbols-mean-1360168347\" target=\"_blank\">according to their recycling symbol\u003c/a> -- a number 1 through 7 surrounded by three arrows in the shape of a triangle. These symbols correspond with types and structures of plastic, like vinyl (3) or polypropylene (PP).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more information about green vocabulary, \u003ca href=\"http://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0226-shopping-green#recyclable\" target=\"_blank\">visit the FTC\u003cstrong> Green Guides\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Products advertised as “green” aren't always what they appear to be. New research from Ohio State University adds supposedly biodegradable plastics to that list.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442677558,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1680},"headData":{"title":"Biodegradable Plastics: Too Good to Be True? | KQED","description":"Products advertised as “green” aren't always what they appear to be. New research from Ohio State University adds supposedly biodegradable plastics to that list.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"67557 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=67557","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/06/12/biodegradable-plastics-too-good-to-be-true/","disqusTitle":"Biodegradable Plastics: Too Good to Be True?","source":"Chemistry","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/chemistry/","path":"/quest/67557/biodegradable-plastics-too-good-to-be-true","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The next time you drop a bottle marketed as biodegradable into your reusable grocery bag, pause. \u003ca href=\"http://cfaes.osu.edu/news/articles/bio-plastics-not-so-good-biodegrading-ohio-state-study\" target=\"_blank\">New research\u003c/a> shows that not all of these plastics are made equal: some don’t actually biodegrade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic pollution is a global issue. Long-lasting plastics \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoec.org/campaign/recycling-landfills\" target=\"_blank\">cramp landfills\u003c/a>, pile up in city streets, and create toxic problems in rivers, oceans, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.ohio.gov/Portals/34/document/newspdfs/n_cdd_leachate_evaluation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">drinking water\u003c/a>. Americans generate over 30 million tons of plastic waste each year, and only 8 percent of that is recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Ohio, plastics are the largest component going into the waste stream, according to recycling expert \u003ca href=\"http://epa.ohio.gov/dmwm/home/recycle.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Terrie Termeer with the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. \u003c/a>Concerns about this influx throughout the U.S. have given rise to a new kind of “biodegradable” plastic, which Termeer says is gaining in popularity. Companies are actively designing products that degrade quickly and that are sometimes made from plant feedstocks, appealing to consumers who don’t want to leave behind piles of waste or use materials that are “bad” for the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers picked up on the trend, too, some of whom felt it was cause for concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was always curious about, you know, do they actually biodegrade?” said \u003ca href=\"http://fabe.osu.edu/our-people/frederick-michel-jr\" target=\"_blank\">Fred Michel\u003c/a>, a waste-management expert and professor at Ohio State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biodegradability, a measure of how well something breaks down in compost, soil, or landfills, is an ambiguous term at best. Everything biodegrades completely over time, but your car might take a few thousand years longer to fall apart than, say, a tissue. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has attempted to clarify the term to prevent misleading advertising, but the definition is complex. According to the FTC, a product is biodegradable if it breaks down in certain environments, like compost bins, within a \"reasonable\" amount of time. But each environment dictates different interpretations of “reasonable.” Ultimately, the FTC notes that no matter where something breaks down, it needs to be completely returned to nature within a one-year timeframe in order to be marketed as “degradable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70919\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 364px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/examples-of-exp.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-70919\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/examples-of-exp-431x360.jpg\" alt=\"Michel and his team tested materials like coconut hull, asphalt-covered plastic, and additive-boosted polypropylene.\" width=\"364\" height=\"304\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michel and his team tested materials like coconut hull, asphalt-covered plastic, and additive-boosted polypropylene. Photo courtesy of Fred Michel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To make a plastic biodegradable, manufacturers have started putting in additives that supposedly allow even the sturdiest plastics to degrade in a backyard compost pile. To Michel, this seemed like an example of \u003ca href=\"http://hbr.org/product/the-drivers-of-greenwashing/an/CMR494-PDF-ENG?N=4294958507&Ntt=+&Nao=1540\" target=\"_blank\">greenwashing\u003c/a>-- a term that refers to misleading marketing tactics that appeal to the Captain Planet in each of us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was skeptical about it from the beginning because those materials don’t usually biodegrade,” Michel said. “It’s difficult to imagine a material you could add to them that would magically make them biodegradable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, biodegradable additives work by \u003ca href=\"http://www.goecopure.com/technology/\" target=\"_blank\">attracting microbes that in turn attract more microbes\u003c/a>, increasing the rate of degradation. Some manufacturers also claim the additives are organic and nontoxic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michel reviewed the research but was unable to find evidence to support manufacturers’ claims, so he ran his own experiment. Michel and his team rounded up all sorts of plastics to test their biodegradability: a motley collection of natural fibers, petroleum-based materials with the biodegradability additives, and plastics that shouldn’t biodegrade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391013003066\" target=\"_blank\">results of the research\u003c/a>, published in December 2013, were disconcerting. Traditional plastics with the “biodegradable” additives didn’t break down any more quickly than those without.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wasn’t surprised,” Michel said, “but it’s just interesting that there are materials in the market like that, that have claims that don’t seem to be justified in our testing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FTC soon caught wind of the results and began investigating ECM BioFilms, an Ohio-based manufacturer that makes a plastic additive analyzed in Michel’s experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ECM investigation, which remains tied up in court, represents the first time the FTC has ever pursued plastic biodegradability claims. Meanwhile, the FTC has also begun a closed \u003ca href=\"http://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2014/05/ftc-approves-final-order-settling-charges-company-made-misleading\" target=\"_blank\">investigation into plastic bag manufacturer American Plastic Manufacturing, Inc.\u003c/a> for misleading claims, which might set precedent for future interactions with plastic manufacturers. Manufacturers of other materials have been charged \u003ca href=\"http://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2013/10/ftc-cracks-down-misleading-unsubstantiated-environmental\" target=\"_blank\">hundreds of thousands of dollars in civil penalties\u003c/a> for misleading marketing, but as a first-time offender, \u003ca href=\"http://www.science20.com/advertising_science/blog/plastic_companys_unscientific_biodegradability_claims_barred_by_ftc-135566\" target=\"_blank\">APM was not fined but simply ordered to stop making false claims. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, the marketplace is full of these misleading claims,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.msu.edu/user/narayan/\" target=\"_blank\">Ramani Narayan\u003c/a>, a biochemical engineering professor at Michigan State University and chairman of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.astm.org/\" target=\"_blank\">ASTM Subcommittee\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bpiworld.org/BPI-Public\" target=\"_blank\">Biodegradable Products Institute\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helped develop international biodegradability standards. He says it’s often difficult to come across strong research about plastics, but he is pleased with Michel’s paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has given very clear scientific data,” he said. “It’s shown that nothing happens [when these additives are used].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But greenwashing isn’t always deliberate. The language surrounding “bio-friendliness” is so complex that many are just plain confused, said Michel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In addition to there being confusion among consumers about how these materials may be recycled or composted -- or where they end up -- there's also a certain amount of confusion among industries that are trying to become more sustainable and develop more sustainable products, about the end of life of these materials and products, and how they can best address their sustainability goals with these materials,” Michel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies have their products tested and certified by the Biodegradability Products Institute. Those confused about particulars can look to the FTC’s \u003cstrong>Green Guides\u003c/strong>, documents that outline what the agency might perceive as deceptive practices. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2012/10/ftc-issues-revised-green-guides\" target=\"_blank\">The FTC revised the guides in 2012\u003c/a> based on input from consumers who wanted to buy “green” products more intelligently, and enhanced its investigations accordingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70923\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 414px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/plastic-graph.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-70923\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/plastic-graph-508x360.jpg\" alt=\"The results of the soil experiment. See how poorly the additive-amended materials did?\" width=\"414\" height=\"293\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The results of the soil experiment. See how poorly the additive-amended materials did? Photo courtesy of Fred Michel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Being certified by the Institute isn’t mandated, and the \u003cstrong>Green Guides\u003c/strong> aren’t rules. You can market any product as biodegradable even if it’s not. There is, however, risk of civil lawsuits. If your product seems fishy, the FTC will investigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Michel isn’t content to simply police eco-friendly claims. He hopes his team’s work gets consumers to consider whether they know how to use plastics correctly, or what these “green” terms even mean. Words like “bioplastic” and “biodegradable” are often used interchangeably, when in fact each implies a very specific method of creation or disposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you know that something is a bioplastic, all you really know is that it is something made from plant feedstocks. On the other hand, if you know that something is biodegradable, you may not know what it’s made from, but you do have insight into what might happen to it in certain environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t have much information about the lifecycles of new biodegradable plastics, and what we do know isn’t widely understood by the public. For instance, not all bioplastics are biodegradable, and leaving one in your compost pile would be a bad move. Worse, if people think biodegradable products can biodegrade anywhere, they might send them to landfills. Biodegradable products usually release carbon dioxide, but if they land in an anaerobic landfill environment, they release methane as they very slowly break down -- a greenhouse gas 21 times more potent than carbon dioxide. The bottom line is that you can’t count on something breaking down in your compost bin just because it’s made of coconut fiber, for example. Plastics don’t break down quickly because of what they’re made of but because of how engineers structure the molecules within them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I were to draw the chemical structure of polyethylene (PET), derived from plants…or derived from petroleum fossils, [they’d be] identical,” said Narayan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to handle this might be to change package labeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A way to improve things would be to have some sort of lifecycle information on the container rather than just the word 'biodegradable,'” Michel said. “How much carbon went into making that material? What are the other impacts? And then, what should be done with it to have the least environmental impact?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean that's a lot for a label,” he added, “but those are the things you really need to think about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Deciphering Plastic Labels\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Plant-based\u003c/strong> or \u003cstrong>Bio-based\u003c/strong> or \u003cstrong>Bioplastic\u003c/strong>: Plastics that are made from one or more plant starches, including feedstocks like corn, coconut, sugarcane, and wood cellulose. Not to be confused with biodegradable. This term describes the content of the material, not how it operates. Many bioplastics biodegrade in a timely way, but not all.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Biodegradable\u003c/strong>: This term does not indicate source material. Rather, it implies that the plastic can be broken down and eaten by microbes in environments like compost piles. All things biodegrade, but some things biodegrade more quickly than others. Biodegradable materials are those that break down in certain environments like compost bins within a reasonable amount of time, as determined by the FTC.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Compostable\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"http://worldcentric.org/biocompostables/bioplastics\" target=\"_blank\">Compostable products\u003c/a> are biodegradable, but even more so. When compostable products biodegrade, they often do so at a quicker pace and leave behind only \u003ca href=\"http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/humus/?ar_a=1\" target=\"_blank\">humus -- the essential component of soil\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Recyclable\u003c/strong>: As with biodegradable and compostable products, recyclable products can come from any number of feedstocks, but the term refers to their end-of-life situation. Recyclable products are those whose materials can be reused, either in a similar form or as part of another product. Plastics are recycled \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationofchange.org/numbers-plastic-bottles-what-do-plastic-recycling-symbols-mean-1360168347\" target=\"_blank\">according to their recycling symbol\u003c/a> -- a number 1 through 7 surrounded by three arrows in the shape of a triangle. These symbols correspond with types and structures of plastic, like vinyl (3) or polypropylene (PP).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more information about green vocabulary, \u003ca href=\"http://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0226-shopping-green#recyclable\" target=\"_blank\">visit the FTC\u003cstrong> Green Guides\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/67557/biodegradable-plastics-too-good-to-be-true","authors":["64479"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_5","quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_12622","quest_336","quest_12031","quest_12269","quest_12543","quest_2169","quest_2222","quest_10429"],"featImg":"quest_70921","label":"source_quest_67557"},"quest_17567":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17567","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17567","score":null,"sort":[1306373520000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"quest-lab-properties-of-plastic","title":"QUEST Lab: Properties of Plastic","publishDate":1306373520,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST Lab | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":13256,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Exploratorium Staff Scientist Julie Yu changes and manipulates the physical and chemical properties of plastic bottles by exposing them to heat. This is how plastic bags and bottles can be recycled and used over and over again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/24/producers-notes-quest-lab-properties-of-plastic/\" target=\"_blank\">plastic, physics and this video\u003c/a> with the Producer's Notes.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Exploratorium Staff Scientist Julie Yu changes and manipulates the physical and chemical properties of plastic bottles by exposing them to heat. This is how plastic bags and bottles can be recycled and used over and over again.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1479158238,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":52},"headData":{"title":"QUEST Lab: Properties of Plastic | KQED","description":"Exploratorium Staff Scientist Julie Yu changes and manipulates the physical and chemical properties of plastic bottles by exposing them to heat. This is how plastic bags and bottles can be recycled and used over and over again.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"17567 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/quest-lab-properties-of-plastic/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/25/quest-lab-properties-of-plastic/","disqusTitle":"QUEST Lab: Properties of Plastic","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/eXge8pZ-mDU","path":"/quest/17567/quest-lab-properties-of-plastic","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Exploratorium Staff Scientist Julie Yu changes and manipulates the physical and chemical properties of plastic bottles by exposing them to heat. This is how plastic bags and bottles can be recycled and used over and over again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/24/producers-notes-quest-lab-properties-of-plastic/\" target=\"_blank\">plastic, physics and this video\u003c/a> with the Producer's Notes.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17567/quest-lab-properties-of-plastic","authors":["10169"],"series":["quest_13256"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_1041","quest_1334","quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_2222","quest_10526","quest_10982","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2893","quest_3311"],"label":"quest_13256"},"quest_14644":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_14644","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"14644","score":null,"sort":[1306251020000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-quest-lab-properties-of-plastic","title":"Producer's Notes: QUEST Lab - Properties of Plastic","publishDate":1306251020,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Producer’s Notes: QUEST Lab – Properties of Plastic | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-13954\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/plastic3002.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have a plastic bottle on my desk. It once contained the cola beverage I really should stop drinking. I go through at least one of these each day, a habit cut down from a former 6-pack-a-day deluge. I know the cola isn’t good for me, but now I’m thinking the plastic bottle is even worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have something else on my desk: a pamphlet compiled by Peter Bryant of UC Irvine titled, “What’s Wrong with Plastic Water Bottles?” Did you know that each year, “144 BILLION beverage containers end up in U.S. landfills, roads, streams and parks?” Laid end-to-end, according to Bryant, those containers would “encircle the Earth 720 times, or reach to the Moon and back 38 times.” In the United States, only 10 to 12% of plastic bottles are recycled. That waste is truly astronomical. And keep in mind that it takes at least 1000 years for those plastic bottles to break down in the landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most plastic bottles are made of polyethylene terephthalate, or PET. That’s a petroleum product. “4% of the world’s oil production is used as “feedstock” for plastic,” according to Bryant, “and another 4% provides the energy to transform it into plastic.” And of course then there’s the fuel needed to transport it to market. San Francisco has some of the cleanest, freshest water in the world coming out of the taps. Yet it wouldn’t take you long to find someone walking down the street with a bottle of water that came from France or Fiji at 1000 times the price of the water coming from the kitchen faucet. Why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No doubt \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/future-history-plastic-water-bottles\">anthropologists of the future\u003c/a> will be scratching their heads wondering why we paid for and wasted so much resources on something we already had pumped into our own homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now due to our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/06/23/the-breakdown-of-plastic/\">addiction to disposable plastic\u003c/a>, something even more sinister is happening in the ocean. In the middle of the Pacific is a circulating place known as the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">North Pacific Gyre. \u003c/a> This vast area, reportedly twice the size of Texas, contains 6 times more plastic than plankton and is now more commonly called the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/plastic-in-the-pacific\">Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. And this is a expanding environmental problem. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/paper-or-plastic\">Plastic bags\u003c/a>, bottles, buckets, rope, toys, trash and everything in between is making its way down rivers and streams, from storm drains and beaches, to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLgh9h2ePYw\">center of the ocean.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthresource.org/campaigns/capp/capp-overview.html\">many reasons\u003c/a> why we should kick the habit of disposable plastics. But that probably isn’t going to happen soon. So in the mean time we should get better at \u003ca href=\"http://www.howtoons.com/?page_id=1385\">reusing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/the-economics-of-household-recycling\">recycling\u003c/a>. As we showed in this QUEST Lab, plastic can be easily changed and modified to be used over and over again. It’s incumbent upon us to make sure this resource isn’t just wasted, thrown away or worse, becomes more of an environmental hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m looking at you, soda bottle on my desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/\">KQED\u003c/a> Public Media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8014 -122.448\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"I know cola isn’t good for me, but now I’m thinking the plastic bottle is even worse.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974189,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":552},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: QUEST Lab - Properties of Plastic | KQED","description":"I know cola isn’t good for me, but now I’m thinking the plastic bottle is even worse.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/14644/producers-notes-quest-lab-properties-of-plastic","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-13954\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/plastic3002.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have a plastic bottle on my desk. It once contained the cola beverage I really should stop drinking. I go through at least one of these each day, a habit cut down from a former 6-pack-a-day deluge. I know the cola isn’t good for me, but now I’m thinking the plastic bottle is even worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have something else on my desk: a pamphlet compiled by Peter Bryant of UC Irvine titled, “What’s Wrong with Plastic Water Bottles?” Did you know that each year, “144 BILLION beverage containers end up in U.S. landfills, roads, streams and parks?” Laid end-to-end, according to Bryant, those containers would “encircle the Earth 720 times, or reach to the Moon and back 38 times.” In the United States, only 10 to 12% of plastic bottles are recycled. That waste is truly astronomical. And keep in mind that it takes at least 1000 years for those plastic bottles to break down in the landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most plastic bottles are made of polyethylene terephthalate, or PET. That’s a petroleum product. “4% of the world’s oil production is used as “feedstock” for plastic,” according to Bryant, “and another 4% provides the energy to transform it into plastic.” And of course then there’s the fuel needed to transport it to market. San Francisco has some of the cleanest, freshest water in the world coming out of the taps. Yet it wouldn’t take you long to find someone walking down the street with a bottle of water that came from France or Fiji at 1000 times the price of the water coming from the kitchen faucet. Why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No doubt \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/future-history-plastic-water-bottles\">anthropologists of the future\u003c/a> will be scratching their heads wondering why we paid for and wasted so much resources on something we already had pumped into our own homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now due to our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/06/23/the-breakdown-of-plastic/\">addiction to disposable plastic\u003c/a>, something even more sinister is happening in the ocean. In the middle of the Pacific is a circulating place known as the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">North Pacific Gyre. \u003c/a> This vast area, reportedly twice the size of Texas, contains 6 times more plastic than plankton and is now more commonly called the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/plastic-in-the-pacific\">Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. And this is a expanding environmental problem. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/paper-or-plastic\">Plastic bags\u003c/a>, bottles, buckets, rope, toys, trash and everything in between is making its way down rivers and streams, from storm drains and beaches, to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLgh9h2ePYw\">center of the ocean.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthresource.org/campaigns/capp/capp-overview.html\">many reasons\u003c/a> why we should kick the habit of disposable plastics. But that probably isn’t going to happen soon. So in the mean time we should get better at \u003ca href=\"http://www.howtoons.com/?page_id=1385\">reusing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/the-economics-of-household-recycling\">recycling\u003c/a>. As we showed in this QUEST Lab, plastic can be easily changed and modified to be used over and over again. It’s incumbent upon us to make sure this resource isn’t just wasted, thrown away or worse, becomes more of an environmental hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m looking at you, soda bottle on my desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/\">KQED\u003c/a> Public Media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8014 -122.448\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/14644/producers-notes-quest-lab-properties-of-plastic","authors":["10169"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_1041","quest_3351","quest_2222","quest_2349","quest_2388"],"featImg":"quest_14646","label":"quest"},"quest_8450":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_8450","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"8450","score":null,"sort":[1285000387000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"coastal-cleanup-day","title":"Coastal Cleanup Day","publishDate":1285000387,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/RiverTrash2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Trash in the Los Angeles River, en route to the ocean. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic bottles, aluminum cans, plastic knives and forks, tangled fishing line, plastic bags, food wrappers, cigarette butts… all this and more will be collected from California’s beaches this coming Saturday, September 25, on \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd.html\">Coastal Cleanup Day\u003c/a>. On last year’s Coastal Cleanup Day, volunteers collected over 1.4 million pounds of trash from California’s beaches and waterways. That is a mind-blowing amount of trash!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this trash has a devastating effect on ocean life. Sea turtles eat plastic bags, mistaking them for jellyfish. Marine mammals get tangled in abandoned fishing nets. Sea birds are found with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">bellies full of colorful plastic shards\u003c/a>.\u003c!--more--> And, plastics can leach chemicals into ocean water. Bisphenol A, the chemical in hard plastic water bottles, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/03/ocean-bpa/\">has been found in seawater\u003c/a>. Bisphenol A and other chemicals can mimic animals’ hormones and disturb their development. It can also bioaccumulate in fish and shellfish—and could potentially end up on our dinner plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trash that washes up on our beaches is only a tiny fraction of the debris in the ocean. Check out QUEST’s TV Story, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/plastic-in-the-pacific\">Plastic in the Pacific\u003c/a>, to get a sense of the \u003ca href=\"http://sio.ucsd.edu/Expeditions/Seaplex/\">Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. This collection of trash, caught in a gyre in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, is perhaps twice the size of Texas. It isn’t just floating plastic water bottles—it’s also a soup of tiny, confetti-like fragments of plastics that have started to break down, but will never completely disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coastal Cleanup Day is a great opportunity to clean up California’s coasts and prevent this trash from getting swept out to sea. It also sends a message: people care about minimizing the impact of trash on the environment. Last year, over 80,000 people volunteered on Coastal Cleanup Day. To find locations where you can volunteer this Saturday morning, look \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd2.html\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, we need to decrease the amount of trash we produce. In Germany, a policy was put in place in 1991 that made manufacturers and stores responsible for recycling all the packaging material for the products they make and sell. Customers unwrapped their purchases at the checkout stand and left all the wrappers at the store. (My dad tried this at home in Virginia—it didn’t go over so well.) This forced German manufacturers and retailers to create a recycling program to deal with all the trash, and provided a strong incentive to reduce the amount of packaging they used in the first place. A few California cities are off to a good start with localized \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/paper-or-plastic\">bans on plastic bags\u003c/a>. Let’s come up with other ways to ensure that in the coming years, volunteers on Coastal Cleanup Day will have less work to do!\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"zemanta-pixie\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;height: 15px\">\u003ca class=\"zemanta-pixie-a\" title=\"Enhanced by Zemanta\" href=\"http://www.zemanta.com/\">\u003cimg class=\"zemanta-pixie-img\" style=\"border: medium none;float: right\" src=\"http://img.zemanta.com/zemified_e.png?x-id=1ab868f0-26d4-4d0f-b290-3bf2ab55abe8\" alt=\"Enhanced by Zemanta\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Plastic bottles, aluminum cans, plastic knives and forks, tangled fishing line, plastic bags, food wrappers, cigarette butts… all this and more will be collected from California’s beaches this coming Saturday, September 25, on Coastal Cleanup Day.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1285000387,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":491},"headData":{"title":"Coastal Cleanup Day | KQED","description":"Plastic bottles, aluminum cans, plastic knives and forks, tangled fishing line, plastic bags, food wrappers, cigarette butts… all this and more will be collected from California’s beaches this coming Saturday, September 25, on Coastal Cleanup Day.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"8450 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=8450","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/09/20/coastal-cleanup-day/","disqusTitle":"Coastal Cleanup Day","path":"/quest/8450/coastal-cleanup-day","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/RiverTrash2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Trash in the Los Angeles River, en route to the ocean. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic bottles, aluminum cans, plastic knives and forks, tangled fishing line, plastic bags, food wrappers, cigarette butts… all this and more will be collected from California’s beaches this coming Saturday, September 25, on \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd.html\">Coastal Cleanup Day\u003c/a>. On last year’s Coastal Cleanup Day, volunteers collected over 1.4 million pounds of trash from California’s beaches and waterways. That is a mind-blowing amount of trash!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this trash has a devastating effect on ocean life. Sea turtles eat plastic bags, mistaking them for jellyfish. Marine mammals get tangled in abandoned fishing nets. Sea birds are found with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">bellies full of colorful plastic shards\u003c/a>.\u003c!--more--> And, plastics can leach chemicals into ocean water. Bisphenol A, the chemical in hard plastic water bottles, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/03/ocean-bpa/\">has been found in seawater\u003c/a>. Bisphenol A and other chemicals can mimic animals’ hormones and disturb their development. It can also bioaccumulate in fish and shellfish—and could potentially end up on our dinner plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trash that washes up on our beaches is only a tiny fraction of the debris in the ocean. Check out QUEST’s TV Story, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/plastic-in-the-pacific\">Plastic in the Pacific\u003c/a>, to get a sense of the \u003ca href=\"http://sio.ucsd.edu/Expeditions/Seaplex/\">Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. This collection of trash, caught in a gyre in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, is perhaps twice the size of Texas. It isn’t just floating plastic water bottles—it’s also a soup of tiny, confetti-like fragments of plastics that have started to break down, but will never completely disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coastal Cleanup Day is a great opportunity to clean up California’s coasts and prevent this trash from getting swept out to sea. It also sends a message: people care about minimizing the impact of trash on the environment. Last year, over 80,000 people volunteered on Coastal Cleanup Day. To find locations where you can volunteer this Saturday morning, look \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd2.html\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, we need to decrease the amount of trash we produce. In Germany, a policy was put in place in 1991 that made manufacturers and stores responsible for recycling all the packaging material for the products they make and sell. Customers unwrapped their purchases at the checkout stand and left all the wrappers at the store. (My dad tried this at home in Virginia—it didn’t go over so well.) This forced German manufacturers and retailers to create a recycling program to deal with all the trash, and provided a strong incentive to reduce the amount of packaging they used in the first place. A few California cities are off to a good start with localized \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/paper-or-plastic\">bans on plastic bags\u003c/a>. Let’s come up with other ways to ensure that in the coming years, volunteers on Coastal Cleanup Day will have less work to do!\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"zemanta-pixie\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;height: 15px\">\u003ca class=\"zemanta-pixie-a\" title=\"Enhanced by Zemanta\" href=\"http://www.zemanta.com/\">\u003cimg class=\"zemanta-pixie-img\" style=\"border: medium none;float: right\" src=\"http://img.zemanta.com/zemified_e.png?x-id=1ab868f0-26d4-4d0f-b290-3bf2ab55abe8\" alt=\"Enhanced by Zemanta\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/8450/coastal-cleanup-day","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_294","quest_618","quest_640","quest_684","quest_13199","quest_1258","quest_1741","quest_1743","quest_13203","quest_2042","quest_2100","quest_2222","quest_2223","quest_2224","quest_2225","quest_2257","quest_2557"],"label":"quest"},"quest_5669":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_5669","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"5669","score":null,"sort":[1271787412000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-the-plastic-breakdown","title":"Producer's Notes: The Plastic Breakdown","publishDate":1271787412,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Life was easier back before I produced this piece. Now everywhere I look and everything I touch seems to be made of plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t know why I didn’t think about plastic before I produced this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/plastic-in-the-pacific\">story\u003c/a> about plastic from around the world that’s gathering and collecting in the Pacific Ocean. But now, everywhere I look and everything I touch seems to be made of plastic: this keyboard, pen, desk, the monitor in front of me, my water bottle, the phone to the left of me, the stacks of video tapes in plastic containers to the right, even the plastic office chair holding me up. But I’m not just struck by the fact that everything’s made of petroleum products. I’m stunned by the fact that I knew all the time that I was surrounded by plastic, but I’d found ways to ignore it, accept it and live with it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life was easier back before I did this piece. I didn’t think of albatross stomachs when I saw cigarette lighters for sale. I didn’t have to worry what to do with the plastic lid on the recycled paper cup after I drank my fair trade organic coffee. I didn’t get strange looks from the corner sandwich shop lady until I recently removed a lunch from the plastic bag she provided. I had to explain to her why I didn’t want the plastic bag she so carefully and skillfully packed with my chicken salad sandwich, cheddar cheese chips and juice (in an actual glass bottle). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I told her how plastic doesn’t go away for centuries, how it breaks down into smaller and smaller pieces, even nano-sized particles. I went on about how it could get into the food chain. She didn’t have an answer when I asked her if she knew what we’re doing to the ocean and the planet and our children. Plastic was the enemy and it was everywhere! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I knew I was getting carried away. But then I started thinking maybe I should get carried away. Maybe we all should get carried away, you know, talk about it, get informed about it, get angry about it, write our senators and members of Congress. But being a TV producer who’s always faced with making difficult cuts in the edit room, I knew when less was more. So I chilled out, gave her what I owed for the food and time and left a hefty tip, and started to leave. Her smile made me pause. She thanked me for telling her all about plastic. She said she’d speak to the owner about replacing the plastic bags. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Life was easier back before I produced this piece. Now everywhere I look and everything I touch seems to be made of plastic.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457732579,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":470},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: The Plastic Breakdown | KQED","description":"Life was easier back before I produced this piece. Now everywhere I look and everything I touch seems to be made of plastic.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"5669 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2010/04/20/producers-notes-the-plastic-breakdown/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/04/20/producers-notes-the-plastic-breakdown/","disqusTitle":"Producer's Notes: The Plastic Breakdown","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9fEbqxyNl0","path":"/quest/5669/producers-notes-the-plastic-breakdown","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Life was easier back before I produced this piece. Now everywhere I look and everything I touch seems to be made of plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t know why I didn’t think about plastic before I produced this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/plastic-in-the-pacific\">story\u003c/a> about plastic from around the world that’s gathering and collecting in the Pacific Ocean. But now, everywhere I look and everything I touch seems to be made of plastic: this keyboard, pen, desk, the monitor in front of me, my water bottle, the phone to the left of me, the stacks of video tapes in plastic containers to the right, even the plastic office chair holding me up. But I’m not just struck by the fact that everything’s made of petroleum products. I’m stunned by the fact that I knew all the time that I was surrounded by plastic, but I’d found ways to ignore it, accept it and live with it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life was easier back before I did this piece. I didn’t think of albatross stomachs when I saw cigarette lighters for sale. I didn’t have to worry what to do with the plastic lid on the recycled paper cup after I drank my fair trade organic coffee. I didn’t get strange looks from the corner sandwich shop lady until I recently removed a lunch from the plastic bag she provided. I had to explain to her why I didn’t want the plastic bag she so carefully and skillfully packed with my chicken salad sandwich, cheddar cheese chips and juice (in an actual glass bottle). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I told her how plastic doesn’t go away for centuries, how it breaks down into smaller and smaller pieces, even nano-sized particles. I went on about how it could get into the food chain. She didn’t have an answer when I asked her if she knew what we’re doing to the ocean and the planet and our children. Plastic was the enemy and it was everywhere! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I knew I was getting carried away. But then I started thinking maybe I should get carried away. Maybe we all should get carried away, you know, talk about it, get informed about it, get angry about it, write our senators and members of Congress. But being a TV producer who’s always faced with making difficult cuts in the edit room, I knew when less was more. So I chilled out, gave her what I owed for the food and time and left a hefty tip, and started to leave. Her smile made me pause. She thanked me for telling her all about plastic. She said she’d speak to the owner about replacing the plastic bags. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/5669/producers-notes-the-plastic-breakdown","authors":["10214"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_117","quest_267","quest_336","quest_374","quest_420","quest_892","quest_1258","quest_2005","quest_2038","quest_2042","quest_2222","quest_2223","quest_2227","quest_2228","quest_2257","quest_2258","quest_2305","quest_2388"],"label":"quest"},"quest_3287":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_3287","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"3287","score":null,"sort":[1249693247000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-playing-with-lead-part-1","title":"Reporter's notes: Playing with Lead - Part 1","publishDate":1249693247,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Reporter’s notes: Playing with Lead – Part 1 | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/playing-with-lead--part-1\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/08/radio3-42_lead_part_1_3002.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The paint on this piggy bank tested for lead at 7253 parts per million (ppm); that is 11 times higher than the legal limit for lead paint. \u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>By Oanh Ha\u003c/strong>, Globalization Reporter for The California Report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Editor’s Note:\u003c/strong> This week we have the first of two special reports on lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a parent, there is a lot to worry about when it comes to the safety of my kids. Lead wasn’t high on my list. Lead poisoning in children has dropped significantly in recent decades since the ban on lead-based paint in homes and the phase-out of leaded gasoline. Then came the record toy recalls of 2007, where millions of imported items coated in lead paint and made by household names like Mattel and Fisher Price violated the 30-year-old lead law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suddenly, parents, including me, eyed the toys in our homes and on store shelves with suspicion. Extensive research links lead exposure in children to lower IQ scores, neurological and behavioral problems, even anemia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toy recalls prompted congress to pass the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpsc.gov/cpsia.Pdf\">Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Act not only lowers limits for lead and bans certain kinds of phthalates–it makes manufacturers and distributors accountable for products sold to American consumers by requiring items to be certified by third-party labs. But the testing, or certification piece of the Act, was postponed for a year. That raised a lot of questions for me as a reporter and as a parent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I contacted the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/\">Center for Environmental Health\u003c/a>, which researches lead, and other toxics, in consumer items and has sued manufacturers and distributors for violating standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEH and KQED were interested in looking at what’s sold at discount chains and 99 cent stores because of the history of previous recalls. CEH, through its regular spot testing, also thought that many of the larger retail outlets seem to have improved their process to weed out lead in children’s items after the 2007 recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I got some tips from CEH about potentially problematic products to look for. We purchased about 200 items and then CEH did the first round of testing using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) device. The XRF is a handy tool used by a lot of commercial lead inspectors. It shoots high-energy x-rays at the item and sends back a chemical analysis, including the lead content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most items that exceeded the lead limits (600 parts per million) set by the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act using the XRF device were then sent to a federally-accredited lab, \u003ca href=\"http://www.macslab.com/\">MACS in Hayward\u003c/a>, for detailed testing. At the lab, the parts or components that exceeded the lead limits were cut or scraped off and dissolved in an acid solution. Then tests were run to determine the lead content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how can parents keep leaded toys away from kids? In addition to avoiding vinyl products, stay away from metal jewelry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you can, choose natural wood toys instead of painted items, especially if they are in yellow. Check the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prerel.html\">recall list posted by the Consumer Product Safety Commission\u003c/a>. Many companies sell home lead test kits for consumer products. They’re not 100-percent reliable and can give false negatives-and false positives too. If you’re really concerned about your child’s lead level, the best thing to do is to get a blood lead test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/playing-with-lead--part-1\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/playing-with-lead--part-1\">Listen to the Playing with Lead – Part 1\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.811106 -122.267318\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Suddenly, parents, including me, eyed the toys in our homes and on store shelves with suspicion. Extensive research links lead exposure in children to lower IQ scores, neurological and behavioral problems, even anemia.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684975685,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":592},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's notes: Playing with Lead - Part 1 | KQED","description":"Suddenly, parents, including me, eyed the toys in our homes and on store shelves with suspicion. Extensive research links lead exposure in children to lower IQ scores, neurological and behavioral problems, even anemia.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/3287/reporters-notes-playing-with-lead-part-1","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/playing-with-lead--part-1\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/08/radio3-42_lead_part_1_3002.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The paint on this piggy bank tested for lead at 7253 parts per million (ppm); that is 11 times higher than the legal limit for lead paint. \u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>By Oanh Ha\u003c/strong>, Globalization Reporter for The California Report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Editor’s Note:\u003c/strong> This week we have the first of two special reports on lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a parent, there is a lot to worry about when it comes to the safety of my kids. Lead wasn’t high on my list. Lead poisoning in children has dropped significantly in recent decades since the ban on lead-based paint in homes and the phase-out of leaded gasoline. Then came the record toy recalls of 2007, where millions of imported items coated in lead paint and made by household names like Mattel and Fisher Price violated the 30-year-old lead law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suddenly, parents, including me, eyed the toys in our homes and on store shelves with suspicion. Extensive research links lead exposure in children to lower IQ scores, neurological and behavioral problems, even anemia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toy recalls prompted congress to pass the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpsc.gov/cpsia.Pdf\">Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Act not only lowers limits for lead and bans certain kinds of phthalates–it makes manufacturers and distributors accountable for products sold to American consumers by requiring items to be certified by third-party labs. But the testing, or certification piece of the Act, was postponed for a year. That raised a lot of questions for me as a reporter and as a parent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I contacted the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/\">Center for Environmental Health\u003c/a>, which researches lead, and other toxics, in consumer items and has sued manufacturers and distributors for violating standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEH and KQED were interested in looking at what’s sold at discount chains and 99 cent stores because of the history of previous recalls. CEH, through its regular spot testing, also thought that many of the larger retail outlets seem to have improved their process to weed out lead in children’s items after the 2007 recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I got some tips from CEH about potentially problematic products to look for. We purchased about 200 items and then CEH did the first round of testing using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) device. The XRF is a handy tool used by a lot of commercial lead inspectors. It shoots high-energy x-rays at the item and sends back a chemical analysis, including the lead content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most items that exceeded the lead limits (600 parts per million) set by the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act using the XRF device were then sent to a federally-accredited lab, \u003ca href=\"http://www.macslab.com/\">MACS in Hayward\u003c/a>, for detailed testing. At the lab, the parts or components that exceeded the lead limits were cut or scraped off and dissolved in an acid solution. Then tests were run to determine the lead content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how can parents keep leaded toys away from kids? In addition to avoiding vinyl products, stay away from metal jewelry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you can, choose natural wood toys instead of painted items, especially if they are in yellow. Check the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prerel.html\">recall list posted by the Consumer Product Safety Commission\u003c/a>. Many companies sell home lead test kits for consumer products. They’re not 100-percent reliable and can give false negatives-and false positives too. If you’re really concerned about your child’s lead level, the best thing to do is to get a blood lead test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/playing-with-lead--part-1\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/playing-with-lead--part-1\">Listen to the Playing with Lead – Part 1\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.811106 -122.267318\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/3287/reporters-notes-playing-with-lead-part-1","authors":["212"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_524","quest_575","quest_3351","quest_1633","quest_2222","quest_2907","quest_2965","quest_2969","quest_3189","quest_3190","quest_3194"],"label":"quest"},"quest_794":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_794","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"794","score":null,"sort":[1219450435000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-sea-of-plastic","title":"Reporter's Notes: Sea of Plastic","publishDate":1219450435,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/08/radio2-45_marine_trash3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard to imagine the scope and breadth of the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pacific_Garbage_Patch\" target=\"_blank\">Great Garbage Patch\u003c/a> that lies in the North Pacific Gyre in the Pacific Ocean between the West Coast and Hawaii. It's estimated to be about double the size of Texas. Most people think of it as an island of trash, but that's not accurate. \u003ca href=\"http://discovermagazine.com/2008/jul/10-the-worlds-largest-dump\" target=\"_blank\">It's floating debris\u003c/a> - about 80 percent of it plastic, according to Charles Moore of Algalita Marine Research Foundation - that is caught between ocean currents. And that debris is getting thicker and thicker in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current flows eastward at the bottom (southern end) of the Gyre, and westward along the top (northern edge) of the Gyre. And another current runs northward right along the West Coast. In the center of all of those currents is the Gyre, and that's where all the debris drifts. It's like the center of a hot tub where bubbles tend to form. Because of all of the garbage in the Gyre, Moore says it’s \"like a toilet bowl that never flushes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it's not a matter of this giant area getting any bigger. The concern is that the area will become much denser with plastic, given the increasing amount of plastic and other detritus going into our ocean. Plastic doesn't biodegrade, but it does degrade into smaller pieces, and those pieces are making the water in the Gyre a lot thicker and soupier. Right now, Moore says, there are places in the Gyre where plastic bits outnumber plankton 6 to 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are five Gyres in oceans around the world, and data is just starting to be collected on how much trash and plastic are in all of them. Moore pegs the estimated amount of plastic in the North Pacific Gyre at 3 million tons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What can be done about it? Biologists and environmentalists all have similar suggestions. Make less trash. Bring your own cup to the coffee shop. Use paper to-go containers at restaurants. Bring your own reusable bags to the grocery store. Recycle plastic containers. Try not to use single-use plastic water bottles. And volunteer for a beach cleanup, since the trash washing up on the beaches is pretty constant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Listen to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">Sea of Plastic\u003c/a> radio report online, and find additional resources and links.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 36.7948 -121.785\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It's hard to imagine the scope and breadth of the Great Garbage Patch that lies in the North Pacific Gyre in the Pacific Ocean between the West Coast and Hawaii. It's estimated to be about double the size of Texas.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1309998968,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":395},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: Sea of Plastic | KQED","description":"It's hard to imagine the scope and breadth of the Great Garbage Patch that lies in the North Pacific Gyre in the Pacific Ocean between the West Coast and Hawaii. It's estimated to be about double the size of Texas.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"794 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=794","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/08/22/reporters-notes-sea-of-plastic/","disqusTitle":"Reporter's Notes: Sea of Plastic","path":"/quest/794/reporters-notes-sea-of-plastic","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/08/radio2-45_marine_trash3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard to imagine the scope and breadth of the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pacific_Garbage_Patch\" target=\"_blank\">Great Garbage Patch\u003c/a> that lies in the North Pacific Gyre in the Pacific Ocean between the West Coast and Hawaii. It's estimated to be about double the size of Texas. Most people think of it as an island of trash, but that's not accurate. \u003ca href=\"http://discovermagazine.com/2008/jul/10-the-worlds-largest-dump\" target=\"_blank\">It's floating debris\u003c/a> - about 80 percent of it plastic, according to Charles Moore of Algalita Marine Research Foundation - that is caught between ocean currents. And that debris is getting thicker and thicker in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current flows eastward at the bottom (southern end) of the Gyre, and westward along the top (northern edge) of the Gyre. And another current runs northward right along the West Coast. In the center of all of those currents is the Gyre, and that's where all the debris drifts. It's like the center of a hot tub where bubbles tend to form. Because of all of the garbage in the Gyre, Moore says it’s \"like a toilet bowl that never flushes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it's not a matter of this giant area getting any bigger. The concern is that the area will become much denser with plastic, given the increasing amount of plastic and other detritus going into our ocean. Plastic doesn't biodegrade, but it does degrade into smaller pieces, and those pieces are making the water in the Gyre a lot thicker and soupier. Right now, Moore says, there are places in the Gyre where plastic bits outnumber plankton 6 to 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are five Gyres in oceans around the world, and data is just starting to be collected on how much trash and plastic are in all of them. Moore pegs the estimated amount of plastic in the North Pacific Gyre at 3 million tons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What can be done about it? Biologists and environmentalists all have similar suggestions. Make less trash. Bring your own cup to the coffee shop. Use paper to-go containers at restaurants. Bring your own reusable bags to the grocery store. Recycle plastic containers. Try not to use single-use plastic water bottles. And volunteer for a beach cleanup, since the trash washing up on the beaches is pretty constant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Listen to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">Sea of Plastic\u003c/a> radio report online, and find additional resources and links.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 36.7948 -121.785\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/794/reporters-notes-sea-of-plastic","authors":["8656"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_340","quest_13198","quest_1586","quest_2005","quest_2034","quest_2222","quest_2257","quest_13206"],"label":"quest"},"quest_16961":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_16961","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"16961","score":null,"sort":[1219432380000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sea-of-plastic","title":"Sea of Plastic","publishDate":1219432380,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2008/08/2008-08-25-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you order your double latte to-go at the corner coffee shop, the empty cup and lid may end up in a giant pit of plastic ocean litter off the coast of California. Some cities and counties are so concerned about the garbage in the so-called North Pacific Gyre that they've passed ordinances to try to limit the amount of plastic in our lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"When you order your double latte to-go at the corner coffee shop, the empty cup and lid may end up in a giant pit of plastic ocean litter off the coast of California. Some cities and counties are so concerned about the garbage in the so-called North Pacific Gyre that they've passed ordinances to try to limit the amount of plastic in our lives.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1337722807,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":84},"headData":{"title":"Sea of Plastic | KQED","description":"When you order your double latte to-go at the corner coffee shop, the empty cup and lid may end up in a giant pit of plastic ocean litter off the coast of California. Some cities and counties are so concerned about the garbage in the so-called North Pacific Gyre that they've passed ordinances to try to limit the amount of plastic in our lives.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"16961 http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/08/22/sea-of-plastic/","disqusTitle":"Sea of Plastic","path":"/quest/16961/sea-of-plastic","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2008/08/2008-08-25-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2008/08/2008-08-25-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you order your double latte to-go at the corner coffee shop, the empty cup and lid may end up in a giant pit of plastic ocean litter off the coast of California. Some cities and counties are so concerned about the garbage in the so-called North Pacific Gyre that they've passed ordinances to try to limit the amount of plastic in our lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/16961/sea-of-plastic","authors":["8656"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_11139","quest_3351","quest_2005","quest_2100","quest_2222","quest_2257","quest_2349","quest_13202"],"label":"quest"},"quest_650":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_650","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"650","score":null,"sort":[1214251585000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-breakdown-of-plastic","title":"Plastic not Fantastic","publishDate":1214251585,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/06/plasticbag11.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Humans produce 500 billion plastic bags annually.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In China, they recently \u003ca title=\"CNN - China Plastic Bags\" href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7178287.stm\" target=\"_blank\">banned it\u003c/a>. Australia, Bangladesh, Ireland, Italy, South Africa,Taiwan, Mumbai and India have either banned it or discouraged its use by raising taxes. And on March 27, 2007, \u003ca title=\"SF Plastic Ban\" href=\"http://www.sfenvironment.org/our_programs/interests.html?ssi=2&ti=6&ii=142\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco\u003c/a> became the first city in the USA to ban it from large grocery stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">More people are ditching plastic bags on a local and national level with good reason: we produce about 500 billion plastic bags world-wide, and less than one percent of that is recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003ca title=\"QUEST Future History: Plastic Bottles\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/874\" target=\"_blank\">A recent QUEST report\u003c/a> shows that plastic bottles are straining our environment, too: each year the USA alone produces 50 billion plastic bottles. Some would say to switch from plastic to paper bags - but \u003ca title=\"paper or plastic?\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/paper-or-plastic\" target=\"_blank\">reports\u003c/a> show that paper bags aren't the most sustainable solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic can have a longer shelf-live than humans do: it can persist in the environment for anywhere between 20 to 1,000 years. But a 16-year-old from Waterloo, Canada figured out to decompose it in only six weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Burd, a student at Waterloo Collegiate Institute, discovered the key to decomposing plastic bags for a school science fair. Needless to say, he won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door, I have this avalanche of plastic bags falling on top of me,\" said Burd to \u003ca title=\"The Record - Daniel Burd\" href=\"http://news.therecord.com/article/354044\" target=\"_blank\">The Record\u003c/a>, a Waterloo newspaper. \"One day, I got tired of it and wanted to know what other people are doing with these plastic bags.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, Burd decided to isolate the microbes that break down plastic in polyethelene plastic bags. Burd ground plastic bags into powder and created a solution to break it down using tap water and yeast. Six weeks later, he found that the plastic weighed 17 percent less than the control group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burd then isolated the effective strains that caused the degradation - \u003ca title=\"sphingomonas\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingomonas\" target=\"_blank\">Sphingomonas \u003c/a>and \u003ca title=\"pseudomonas\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas\" target=\"_blank\">Pseudomonas\u003c/a> - and tried the experiment again, adding sodium acecate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six weeks later - as opposed to 1,000 years - the plastic decomposed by 43 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his final report, \u003cem>Plastic Not Fantastic\u003c/em>, Burd wrote that his process of polyethylene degradation can be used for large-scale plastic bag biodegradation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a result, this would save the lives of millions of wildlife species and save space in landfills,\" wrote Burd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.762611 -122.409719\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366841303,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":390},"headData":{"title":"Plastic not Fantastic | KQED","description":"Humans produce 500 billion plastic bags annually. In China, they recently banned it. Australia, Bangladesh, Ireland, Italy, South Africa,Taiwan, Mumbai and India have either banned it or discouraged its use by raising taxes. And on March 27, 2007, San Francisco became the first city in the USA to ban it from large grocery stores. More","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"650 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=650","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/06/23/the-breakdown-of-plastic/","disqusTitle":"Plastic not Fantastic","path":"/quest/650/the-breakdown-of-plastic","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/06/plasticbag11.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Humans produce 500 billion plastic bags annually.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In China, they recently \u003ca title=\"CNN - China Plastic Bags\" href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7178287.stm\" target=\"_blank\">banned it\u003c/a>. Australia, Bangladesh, Ireland, Italy, South Africa,Taiwan, Mumbai and India have either banned it or discouraged its use by raising taxes. And on March 27, 2007, \u003ca title=\"SF Plastic Ban\" href=\"http://www.sfenvironment.org/our_programs/interests.html?ssi=2&ti=6&ii=142\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco\u003c/a> became the first city in the USA to ban it from large grocery stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">More people are ditching plastic bags on a local and national level with good reason: we produce about 500 billion plastic bags world-wide, and less than one percent of that is recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003ca title=\"QUEST Future History: Plastic Bottles\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/874\" target=\"_blank\">A recent QUEST report\u003c/a> shows that plastic bottles are straining our environment, too: each year the USA alone produces 50 billion plastic bottles. Some would say to switch from plastic to paper bags - but \u003ca title=\"paper or plastic?\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/paper-or-plastic\" target=\"_blank\">reports\u003c/a> show that paper bags aren't the most sustainable solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic can have a longer shelf-live than humans do: it can persist in the environment for anywhere between 20 to 1,000 years. But a 16-year-old from Waterloo, Canada figured out to decompose it in only six weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Burd, a student at Waterloo Collegiate Institute, discovered the key to decomposing plastic bags for a school science fair. Needless to say, he won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door, I have this avalanche of plastic bags falling on top of me,\" said Burd to \u003ca title=\"The Record - Daniel Burd\" href=\"http://news.therecord.com/article/354044\" target=\"_blank\">The Record\u003c/a>, a Waterloo newspaper. \"One day, I got tired of it and wanted to know what other people are doing with these plastic bags.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, Burd decided to isolate the microbes that break down plastic in polyethelene plastic bags. Burd ground plastic bags into powder and created a solution to break it down using tap water and yeast. Six weeks later, he found that the plastic weighed 17 percent less than the control group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burd then isolated the effective strains that caused the degradation - \u003ca title=\"sphingomonas\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingomonas\" target=\"_blank\">Sphingomonas \u003c/a>and \u003ca title=\"pseudomonas\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas\" target=\"_blank\">Pseudomonas\u003c/a> - and tried the experiment again, adding sodium acecate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six weeks later - as opposed to 1,000 years - the plastic decomposed by 43 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his final report, \u003cem>Plastic Not Fantastic\u003c/em>, Burd wrote that his process of polyethylene degradation can be used for large-scale plastic bag biodegradation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a result, this would save the lives of millions of wildlife species and save space in landfills,\" wrote Burd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.762611 -122.409719\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/650/the-breakdown-of-plastic","authors":["162"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_6","quest_9","quest_12","quest_16"],"tags":["quest_272","quest_325","quest_473","quest_763","quest_787","quest_795","quest_1158","quest_3351","quest_1607","quest_2011","quest_2119","quest_2222","quest_2224","quest_2225","quest_2226","quest_2324","quest_2349","quest_2486","quest_2687","quest_2754","quest_13365","quest_2919","quest_3119","quest_3120"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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