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Credit: NASA/Cassini","credit":null,"description":"Phoebe and Saturn","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/phoebe-and-saturn-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/phoebe-and-saturn-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/phoebe-and-saturn-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/phoebe-and-saturn-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/phoebe-and-saturn-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/phoebe-and-saturn-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/phoebe-and-saturn.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"quest_15541":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_15541","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"15541","found":true},"title":"The Little Prince","publishDate":1309457597,"status":"inherit","parent":0,"modified":1309457597,"caption":"The Little Prince","credit":null,"description":"\u003cp class=\"attachment\">\u003ca href='http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/The-Little-Prince.jpg' title='The Little Prince'>\u003cimg width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/The-Little-Prince.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium\" alt=\"The Little Prince\" title=\"The Little Prince\" />\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Little Prince\u003c/p>","imgSizes":{"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/The-Little-Prince-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/The-Little-Prince-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/The-Little-Prince-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/The-Little-Prince-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/The-Little-Prince-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/The-Little-Prince.jpg","width":300,"height":200}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"ben-burress":{"type":"authors","id":"6180","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6180","found":true},"name":"Ben Burress","firstName":"Ben","lastName":"Burress","slug":"ben-burress","email":"bburress@chabotspace.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"\u003cstrong>Benjamin Burress\u003c/strong> has been a staff astronomer at Chabot Space & Science Center since July 1999. He graduated from Sonoma State University in 1985 with a bachelor’s degree in physics (and minor in astronomy), after which he signed on for a two-year stint in the Peace Corps, where he taught physics and mathematics in the African nation of Cameroon. From 1989-96 he served on the crew of NASA’s Kuiper Airborne Observatory at Ames Research Center in Mountain View, CA. From 1996-99, he was Head Observer at the Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer program at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, AZ.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/ben-burress/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ben Burress | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ben-burress"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_36829":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_36829","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"36829","score":null,"sort":[1336143649000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"phoebe-quirky-mystical-magical-moon","title":"Phoebe: Quirky, Mystical, Magical Moon","publishDate":1336143649,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36831\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/phoebe-quirky-mystical-magical-moon/phoebe-and-saturn/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36831\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/phoebe-and-saturn.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Phoebe and Saturn\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-36831\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/phoebe-and-saturn.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/phoebe-and-saturn-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phoebe and Saturn. Credit: NASA/Cassini\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Who's Phoebe? That quirky blonde from Friends? The mysteriously magical nanny from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nannyandtheprofessor.com/\" title=\"Nanny and the Professor\" target=\"_blank\">that old sitcom\u003c/a>? A bird? A plant? All that--but the one I'm talking about is the moon of Saturn, once thought to be a captured comet, and now believed by some scientists to be something much rarer: a captured \u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/35974/planetesimals/\" title=\"Planetesimals\" target=\"_blank\">planetesimal\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phoebe: a bit more than 120 miles across—and more potato-shaped than spherical—with a surface gravity approximately 200 times weaker than Earth's (yes, I'd weigh about one pound standing on the surface), Phoebe is not of the stature of its larger, rounder fellow moons of greater fame: Luna, Ganymede, Titan, and the rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've known of Phoebe's existence since 1899, when it was discovered by astronomer W. H. Pickering, and from the start Phoebe was observed to be different from Saturn's \"mainline\" moons—ones organized into a common orbital plane in close alignment with Saturn's equator, with nice, nearly circular orbits. Phoebe is too much a nonconformist for that; orbiting at a steep, rakish angle from Saturn's equatorial plane, backwards with respect to the conformist crowd, and with great elliptical eccentricity, Phoebe is a fringe radical! And at 30 times the distance from Saturn as our Moon is from Earth, it takes Phoebe longer to orbit Saturn (1.5 years) than Earth does to round the Sun!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these peculiarities added up to the hypothesis that Phoebe was not an \"indigenous\" satellite of Saturn—one that formed with Saturn early in the ages of the solar system—but a solar system object that was captured by Saturn at some point, and since has remained in orbit. And due to its low density (little more than one and a half times as dense as water ice), Phoebe was assumed to be a former comet. Comets passing close to gas giant planets like Saturn are sometimes flung in different directions, sometimes broken up, and sometimes even crash into the planet. But they can also be captured into orbit, as probably many of Jupiter's smaller satellites, and Mars' brood of two, were: former asteroids from the neighboring asteroid belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a comet is a bit of material—ice and rock—left over from the formation of the solar system, about 4.5 billion years ago, pristine and barely altered from its original state. Recently, NASA's Cassini mission has suggested a \u003ca href=\"http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/newsreleases/newsrelease20120426/\" title=\"Cassini on Phoebe\" target=\"_blank\">different origination story for Phoebe\u003c/a>, based on imagery and data obtained from our first up-close look at this object by the Cassini spacecraft, in 2004. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phoebe may be a \"planetesimal\"—an object that formed in the young solar system, coalescing from dust and ice into a larger and larger body. Evidence suggests that Phoebe was warmed enough during its formation, and perhaps afterward by decay of radioactive materials, to have achieved a spherical shape, a differentiated rocky core and outer shell of lighter material and ices, and possibly even to have harbored liquid water—all very planet-like qualities. As well, it may have remained in this state for quite some time before cooling down and freezing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Possibly originating in the Kuiper Belt, beyond Neptune's orbit, Phoebe would have migrated inward and eventually been captured when passing too close to Saturn -- at the same time avoiding the typical fate of planetesimals, which is to merge with a forming planet. Planetesimals, once the bread and butter of the young solar system, are the building blocks of planets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phoebe, then, may be a very remarkable object--a quirky, mysteriously magical moon; a vision of the early solar system that once swarmed with such objects, even before the planets themselves appeared. It's a messenger from the past, possibly carrying within it evidence that could tell us where we came from. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Phoebe, a quirky outlying moon of Saturn, was once thought to be a captured comet, but now is believed by some scientists to be something much rarer: a captured planetesimal. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370998774,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":651},"headData":{"title":"Phoebe: Quirky, Mystical, Magical Moon | KQED","description":"Phoebe, a quirky outlying moon of Saturn, was once thought to be a captured comet, but now is believed by some scientists to be something much rarer: a captured planetesimal. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"36829 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=36829","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/phoebe-quirky-mystical-magical-moon/","disqusTitle":"Phoebe: Quirky, Mystical, Magical Moon","path":"/quest/36829/phoebe-quirky-mystical-magical-moon","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36831\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/phoebe-quirky-mystical-magical-moon/phoebe-and-saturn/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36831\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/phoebe-and-saturn.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Phoebe and Saturn\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-36831\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/phoebe-and-saturn.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/phoebe-and-saturn-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phoebe and Saturn. Credit: NASA/Cassini\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Who's Phoebe? That quirky blonde from Friends? The mysteriously magical nanny from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nannyandtheprofessor.com/\" title=\"Nanny and the Professor\" target=\"_blank\">that old sitcom\u003c/a>? A bird? A plant? All that--but the one I'm talking about is the moon of Saturn, once thought to be a captured comet, and now believed by some scientists to be something much rarer: a captured \u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/35974/planetesimals/\" title=\"Planetesimals\" target=\"_blank\">planetesimal\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phoebe: a bit more than 120 miles across—and more potato-shaped than spherical—with a surface gravity approximately 200 times weaker than Earth's (yes, I'd weigh about one pound standing on the surface), Phoebe is not of the stature of its larger, rounder fellow moons of greater fame: Luna, Ganymede, Titan, and the rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've known of Phoebe's existence since 1899, when it was discovered by astronomer W. H. Pickering, and from the start Phoebe was observed to be different from Saturn's \"mainline\" moons—ones organized into a common orbital plane in close alignment with Saturn's equator, with nice, nearly circular orbits. Phoebe is too much a nonconformist for that; orbiting at a steep, rakish angle from Saturn's equatorial plane, backwards with respect to the conformist crowd, and with great elliptical eccentricity, Phoebe is a fringe radical! And at 30 times the distance from Saturn as our Moon is from Earth, it takes Phoebe longer to orbit Saturn (1.5 years) than Earth does to round the Sun!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these peculiarities added up to the hypothesis that Phoebe was not an \"indigenous\" satellite of Saturn—one that formed with Saturn early in the ages of the solar system—but a solar system object that was captured by Saturn at some point, and since has remained in orbit. And due to its low density (little more than one and a half times as dense as water ice), Phoebe was assumed to be a former comet. Comets passing close to gas giant planets like Saturn are sometimes flung in different directions, sometimes broken up, and sometimes even crash into the planet. But they can also be captured into orbit, as probably many of Jupiter's smaller satellites, and Mars' brood of two, were: former asteroids from the neighboring asteroid belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a comet is a bit of material—ice and rock—left over from the formation of the solar system, about 4.5 billion years ago, pristine and barely altered from its original state. Recently, NASA's Cassini mission has suggested a \u003ca href=\"http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/newsreleases/newsrelease20120426/\" title=\"Cassini on Phoebe\" target=\"_blank\">different origination story for Phoebe\u003c/a>, based on imagery and data obtained from our first up-close look at this object by the Cassini spacecraft, in 2004. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phoebe may be a \"planetesimal\"—an object that formed in the young solar system, coalescing from dust and ice into a larger and larger body. Evidence suggests that Phoebe was warmed enough during its formation, and perhaps afterward by decay of radioactive materials, to have achieved a spherical shape, a differentiated rocky core and outer shell of lighter material and ices, and possibly even to have harbored liquid water—all very planet-like qualities. As well, it may have remained in this state for quite some time before cooling down and freezing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Possibly originating in the Kuiper Belt, beyond Neptune's orbit, Phoebe would have migrated inward and eventually been captured when passing too close to Saturn -- at the same time avoiding the typical fate of planetesimals, which is to merge with a forming planet. Planetesimals, once the bread and butter of the young solar system, are the building blocks of planets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phoebe, then, may be a very remarkable object--a quirky, mysteriously magical moon; a vision of the early solar system that once swarmed with such objects, even before the planets themselves appeared. It's a messenger from the past, possibly carrying within it evidence that could tell us where we came from. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/36829/phoebe-quirky-mystical-magical-moon","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_505","quest_544","quest_658","quest_1870","quest_1918","quest_11057","quest_3975","quest_13202","quest_2511","quest_2513","quest_2712"],"featImg":"quest_36831","label":"quest"},"quest_15537":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_15537","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"15537","score":null,"sort":[1309458213000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dawn-mission-to-explore-strange-new-worlds","title":"Dawn: Mission to Explore Strange New Worlds","publishDate":1309458213,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/The-Little-Prince.jpg\">\u003cem>Illustration from The Little Prince\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are soon to explore a new world, one that we haven't seen up close before: the asteroid Vesta. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/dawn/main/index.html\">NASA's Dawn\u003c/a> spacecraft, which has been conducting maneuvers for the past four years to get into position to orbit Vesta, will arrive at the asteroid in early August—a la Star Wars, \"Almost there….\" What will we find, and why are we even interested in what amounts to a mega-mountain of rock hurtling through space?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've been intrigued by asteroids since I read The Little Prince in childhood. I loved the whole idea of the Solar System filled with uncounted miniature \"personal planets,\" each with one occupant and all the solitude and spare time one might wish. Never mind that the asteroids in that story (not much bigger than houses, if even that) are too small for hydrodynamic equilibrium to shape them into spheres or to hold onto any sort of atmosphere….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much attention has been given to the planets as good places to explore, but the smaller bodies orbiting the Sun have a lot to tell us. They are composed of materials that may have been altered very little, if at all, since the earliest times in the formation of the Solar System. They also bear the marks—features of the processes of their formation, scars of collisions—of the eons of their existence. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dawn's \u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/86474/dawn-closing-in-on-asteroid-vesta-as-views-exceed-hubble/\">mission to Vesta\u003c/a>--and ultimately on to the larger Ceres—might be characterized as a Solar-System-scale geological expedition. Much as geologists may probe a deep layer of rock on Earth to learn about our planet's geological past and evolution, Dawn will be probing Vesta and Ceres to \u003ca href=\"http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20621-asteroid-protoplanet-may-hold-clues-to-earth-formation.html\">learn about the Solar System's formation and development\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vesta and Ceres—classified as asteroid and dwarf planet, respectively—are the two largest protoplanets, each quite different from the other in potentially informative ways. Vesta is a dry airless body, while Ceres may contain water (ice) and maybe even a thin atmosphere. Being protoplanets, both objects went through a process of differentiation early in their history, forming a core and a crust not unlike planets do. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we understand the formation of the Solar System today, both from exploration of our own and observation of other planetary and pre-planetary systems at different stages of development, it all started with the Protosolar Nebula: the cloud of gas and dust that began the long gravitational collapse that ultimately gave birth to the Sun, planets, asteroids, and comets. Little by little, dust particles in the nebula stuck together, forming larger and larger clumps. Eventually, gravity began to play a stronger role in the clumping process, with the larger clumps pulling in more and more dust and neighboring clumps, snowballing ever larger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clumps that reached sizes of a mile or so across earned the title \"planetesimal,\" and when planetesimals grew into objects hundreds of miles across, they graduated to the rank of protoplanet. This career ladder climbing went on until most of the raw material had been swept up. At this point, if the snowballing process had produced a Sun-orbiting object that was large enough to pull itself into a spherical shape and also \"dominate\" the region of space it was in (according to International Astronomical Union requirements), then it could be called a planet. If not, other classifications, like dwarf planet or small Solar System body, might apply…if you have a complaint, register it with the IAU….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Vesta and Ceres, which are on the order of 300 and 600 miles across, roughly and respectively, their career aspirations in planetary stature building are thought to have been crushed by the formation of Jupiter—perhaps as how a type-A personality with powerful career ambitions might derail a coworker by grabbing all the promotions….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What world might have been if Vesta and Ceres had finished their work and not ended up in the Mail Room of the Solar System? Well, if you took all of the material present in the Main Asteroid Belt today and brought it together into one object, orbiting the Sun between Mars and Jupiter, you would have a sphere probably no bigger than 900 miles across—less than half the diameter of Earth's Moon—so at best it might rate as a dwarf planet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, it is believed that most of the original mass of the Main Belt has been lost, scattered to other places in the Solar System by that ambitious Jupiter…so who knows what this world that never was might have been if circumstances had been different?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"We are soon to explore a new world, one that we haven't seen up close before: the asteroid Vesta. What will we find, and why are we even interested in what amounts to a mega-mountain of rock hurtling through space?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443830582,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":793},"headData":{"title":"Dawn: Mission to Explore Strange New Worlds | KQED","description":"We are soon to explore a new world, one that we haven't seen up close before: the asteroid Vesta. What will we find, and why are we even interested in what amounts to a mega-mountain of rock hurtling through space?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"15537 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=15537","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/06/30/dawn-mission-to-explore-strange-new-worlds/","disqusTitle":"Dawn: Mission to Explore Strange New Worlds","path":"/quest/15537/dawn-mission-to-explore-strange-new-worlds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/The-Little-Prince.jpg\">\u003cem>Illustration from The Little Prince\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are soon to explore a new world, one that we haven't seen up close before: the asteroid Vesta. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/dawn/main/index.html\">NASA's Dawn\u003c/a> spacecraft, which has been conducting maneuvers for the past four years to get into position to orbit Vesta, will arrive at the asteroid in early August—a la Star Wars, \"Almost there….\" What will we find, and why are we even interested in what amounts to a mega-mountain of rock hurtling through space?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've been intrigued by asteroids since I read The Little Prince in childhood. I loved the whole idea of the Solar System filled with uncounted miniature \"personal planets,\" each with one occupant and all the solitude and spare time one might wish. Never mind that the asteroids in that story (not much bigger than houses, if even that) are too small for hydrodynamic equilibrium to shape them into spheres or to hold onto any sort of atmosphere….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much attention has been given to the planets as good places to explore, but the smaller bodies orbiting the Sun have a lot to tell us. They are composed of materials that may have been altered very little, if at all, since the earliest times in the formation of the Solar System. They also bear the marks—features of the processes of their formation, scars of collisions—of the eons of their existence. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dawn's \u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/86474/dawn-closing-in-on-asteroid-vesta-as-views-exceed-hubble/\">mission to Vesta\u003c/a>--and ultimately on to the larger Ceres—might be characterized as a Solar-System-scale geological expedition. Much as geologists may probe a deep layer of rock on Earth to learn about our planet's geological past and evolution, Dawn will be probing Vesta and Ceres to \u003ca href=\"http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20621-asteroid-protoplanet-may-hold-clues-to-earth-formation.html\">learn about the Solar System's formation and development\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vesta and Ceres—classified as asteroid and dwarf planet, respectively—are the two largest protoplanets, each quite different from the other in potentially informative ways. Vesta is a dry airless body, while Ceres may contain water (ice) and maybe even a thin atmosphere. Being protoplanets, both objects went through a process of differentiation early in their history, forming a core and a crust not unlike planets do. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we understand the formation of the Solar System today, both from exploration of our own and observation of other planetary and pre-planetary systems at different stages of development, it all started with the Protosolar Nebula: the cloud of gas and dust that began the long gravitational collapse that ultimately gave birth to the Sun, planets, asteroids, and comets. Little by little, dust particles in the nebula stuck together, forming larger and larger clumps. Eventually, gravity began to play a stronger role in the clumping process, with the larger clumps pulling in more and more dust and neighboring clumps, snowballing ever larger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clumps that reached sizes of a mile or so across earned the title \"planetesimal,\" and when planetesimals grew into objects hundreds of miles across, they graduated to the rank of protoplanet. This career ladder climbing went on until most of the raw material had been swept up. At this point, if the snowballing process had produced a Sun-orbiting object that was large enough to pull itself into a spherical shape and also \"dominate\" the region of space it was in (according to International Astronomical Union requirements), then it could be called a planet. If not, other classifications, like dwarf planet or small Solar System body, might apply…if you have a complaint, register it with the IAU….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Vesta and Ceres, which are on the order of 300 and 600 miles across, roughly and respectively, their career aspirations in planetary stature building are thought to have been crushed by the formation of Jupiter—perhaps as how a type-A personality with powerful career ambitions might derail a coworker by grabbing all the promotions….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What world might have been if Vesta and Ceres had finished their work and not ended up in the Mail Room of the Solar System? Well, if you took all of the material present in the Main Asteroid Belt today and brought it together into one object, orbiting the Sun between Mars and Jupiter, you would have a sphere probably no bigger than 900 miles across—less than half the diameter of Earth's Moon—so at best it might rate as a dwarf planet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, it is believed that most of the original mass of the Main Belt has been lost, scattered to other places in the Solar System by that ambitious Jupiter…so who knows what this world that never was might have been if circumstances had been different?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/15537/dawn-mission-to-explore-strange-new-worlds","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_233","quest_3955","quest_3957","quest_3959","quest_897","quest_3351","quest_1918","quest_2141","quest_3975","quest_3976","quest_3983"],"featImg":"quest_15541","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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