On the Elephant Seal Dating Scene, It’s All About Bravado
Producer's Notes: Skulls at Cal Academy
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Friendlaender NMFS Permit No. 14636)","credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantseal-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantseal-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantseal-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantseal-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantseal-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantseal-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantseal.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"laurensommer":{"type":"authors","id":"239","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"239","found":true},"name":"Lauren Sommer","firstName":"Lauren","lastName":"Sommer","slug":"laurensommer","email":"lsommer@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Lauren is a radio reporter formerly covering environment, water, and energy for KQED Science. 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Males make plenty of noise at \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1115\">Ano Nuevo State Reserve\u003c/a>, north of Santa Cruz, but it sounds more like a chorus of motorcycles than the melodious sounds of Barry White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, researchers at the University of California Santa Cruz are decoding this complex communication system and learning how males use it to boost their reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals spend most of the year alone in the Pacific Ocean, so there’s plenty of action packed into the two months they’re on land every winter. “That’s mating behavior,” says naturalist Lisa Wolfklain, pointing at two elephant seals in a sea of hundreds of males, females and pups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003ciframe style=\"border: 0px none;overflow: hidden;float: right;margin: 10px\" src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/elephant_seals/elephantseals.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"270\" height=\"700\">\u003c/iframe> The unique calls of three male elephants seals: X579, 1C and GL (top to bottom). (Photos and recordings: C. Reichmuth and University of California-Santa Cruz NMFS Permit No. 14636)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male elephant seals are the size of an SUV -- fifteen feet long and 4,000 pounds. They’re known for their proboscis, the huge, fleshy nose that hangs over their mouth. There are plenty of available females this time of year, but most males will strike out. The dating scene is controlled by alpha males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The alpha strategy is to be dominant over a group of females, the harem,\" says Wolfklain. \"And they want to have the first right to mate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can spot the alpha males right in the middle of their groups of 10 to 100 females. The other males, known as betas, are on the outskirts, just watching, waiting for their chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So this guy's coming in,” says Wolfklain, pointing at one beta male moving quickly toward a female. The alpha male perks up and snorts a warning with customary bravado. Sometimes the fight ends there, but not this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ooh, now they’re hitting with their heads,” the commentary continues, as the two lunge at each others' chests. A few strikes seem to be enough for the beta male and he retreats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fights can be bloody and all the while, other males are taking advantage and sneaking in. It adds up to a very stressful time for male elephant seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's All About Reputation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not advantageous for males to fight all the time,” says Caroline Casey, a researcher at the UC Santa Cruz. She says fights can be risky. “Sometimes they can result in death and we’ve seen that,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals also don’t eat while on land, so they need to conserve energy. Casey says, as with humans, one way to avoid fighting is communication. But until now, no one was really sure what the males were saying to each other. So, she and her colleagues have been studying a patch of beach with about 50 males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have come up with this ranking system where we assign each male a score,” she says. It’s similar to systems used in professional sports, where the males win or lose points with every fight. Casey and her team also recorded the males’ calls and found remarkable differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One beta male, X579, has a call that ends in a flourish. “His call, to me, is my favorite. He always has this really lovely note at the end of it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>X579 was a beta male with a lot of competition. “He tends to vocalize and challenge everybody right when he gets there,” Casey says. He challenged GL, an alpha male with a very short, staccato call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is what’s so incredible. All of the animals sound completely different from one another,” Casey says. What’s more, Casey's team found that each male seems to use the same call year after year, whether he has a harem or not. It’s their signature call – and they flaunt it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49521\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 308px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantsealfemale.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-49521\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantsealfemale.jpg\" alt=\"A female and pup at Ano Nuevo State Preserve. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"308\" height=\"207\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female and pup at Ano Nuevo State Preserve. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A larger, more dominant animal will come up to a smaller animal, maybe beat him up a little bit, call at him before and after, like, ‘Hey, this is me. I’m Bob. Don’t mess with me,'” says Casey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all about spreading your reputation around. “That’s called associative learning and that’s very unique among marine mammals, Casey explains. \"That means that every male has the potential to be learning every other male based on their acoustic signature at that site.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These complex communication systems have been studied in songbirds and other animals, but Casey says less is known about marine species. “I think it’s just a piece of larger puzzle in understanding how these animals breed and how they’re going to survive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A century ago, elephant seals were hunted to near extinction for their blubber. Fewer than 100 lingered off the coast of Mexico. With protective laws in place, today there are 170,000 northern elephant seals and growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s good news for Casey’s loner elephant seal X579. This year, he’s an alpha male for the first time. As for the others, there’s always next year.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"They may sound like faulty plumbing, but male northern elephant seals have a unique communication system that's all about reputation.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450493545,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/elephant_seals/elephantseals.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":913},"headData":{"title":"On the Elephant Seal Dating Scene, It’s All About Bravado | KQED","description":"They may sound like faulty plumbing, but male northern elephant seals have a unique communication system that's all about reputation.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"49466 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=49466","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/08/on-the-elephant-seal-dating-scene-its-all-about-bravado/","disqusTitle":"On the Elephant Seal Dating Scene, It’s All About Bravado","source":"Biology","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2013/02/20130211science.mp3","WpOldSlug":"west-coast-a-test-bed-for-ocean-acidification-2","path":"/quest/49466/on-the-elephant-seal-dating-scene-its-all-about-bravado","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Love is in the air on California beaches this time of year, when northern elephant seals arrive by the thousands for breeding season. Males make plenty of noise at \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1115\">Ano Nuevo State Reserve\u003c/a>, north of Santa Cruz, but it sounds more like a chorus of motorcycles than the melodious sounds of Barry White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, researchers at the University of California Santa Cruz are decoding this complex communication system and learning how males use it to boost their reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals spend most of the year alone in the Pacific Ocean, so there’s plenty of action packed into the two months they’re on land every winter. “That’s mating behavior,” says naturalist Lisa Wolfklain, pointing at two elephant seals in a sea of hundreds of males, females and pups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003ciframe style=\"border: 0px none;overflow: hidden;float: right;margin: 10px\" src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/elephant_seals/elephantseals.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"270\" height=\"700\">\u003c/iframe> The unique calls of three male elephants seals: X579, 1C and GL (top to bottom). (Photos and recordings: C. Reichmuth and University of California-Santa Cruz NMFS Permit No. 14636)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male elephant seals are the size of an SUV -- fifteen feet long and 4,000 pounds. They’re known for their proboscis, the huge, fleshy nose that hangs over their mouth. There are plenty of available females this time of year, but most males will strike out. The dating scene is controlled by alpha males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The alpha strategy is to be dominant over a group of females, the harem,\" says Wolfklain. \"And they want to have the first right to mate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can spot the alpha males right in the middle of their groups of 10 to 100 females. The other males, known as betas, are on the outskirts, just watching, waiting for their chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So this guy's coming in,” says Wolfklain, pointing at one beta male moving quickly toward a female. The alpha male perks up and snorts a warning with customary bravado. Sometimes the fight ends there, but not this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ooh, now they’re hitting with their heads,” the commentary continues, as the two lunge at each others' chests. A few strikes seem to be enough for the beta male and he retreats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fights can be bloody and all the while, other males are taking advantage and sneaking in. It adds up to a very stressful time for male elephant seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's All About Reputation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not advantageous for males to fight all the time,” says Caroline Casey, a researcher at the UC Santa Cruz. She says fights can be risky. “Sometimes they can result in death and we’ve seen that,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals also don’t eat while on land, so they need to conserve energy. Casey says, as with humans, one way to avoid fighting is communication. But until now, no one was really sure what the males were saying to each other. So, she and her colleagues have been studying a patch of beach with about 50 males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have come up with this ranking system where we assign each male a score,” she says. It’s similar to systems used in professional sports, where the males win or lose points with every fight. Casey and her team also recorded the males’ calls and found remarkable differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One beta male, X579, has a call that ends in a flourish. “His call, to me, is my favorite. He always has this really lovely note at the end of it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>X579 was a beta male with a lot of competition. “He tends to vocalize and challenge everybody right when he gets there,” Casey says. He challenged GL, an alpha male with a very short, staccato call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is what’s so incredible. All of the animals sound completely different from one another,” Casey says. What’s more, Casey's team found that each male seems to use the same call year after year, whether he has a harem or not. It’s their signature call – and they flaunt it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49521\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 308px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantsealfemale.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-49521\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantsealfemale.jpg\" alt=\"A female and pup at Ano Nuevo State Preserve. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"308\" height=\"207\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female and pup at Ano Nuevo State Preserve. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A larger, more dominant animal will come up to a smaller animal, maybe beat him up a little bit, call at him before and after, like, ‘Hey, this is me. I’m Bob. Don’t mess with me,'” says Casey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all about spreading your reputation around. “That’s called associative learning and that’s very unique among marine mammals, Casey explains. \"That means that every male has the potential to be learning every other male based on their acoustic signature at that site.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These complex communication systems have been studied in songbirds and other animals, but Casey says less is known about marine species. “I think it’s just a piece of larger puzzle in understanding how these animals breed and how they’re going to survive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A century ago, elephant seals were hunted to near extinction for their blubber. Fewer than 100 lingered off the coast of Mexico. With protective laws in place, today there are 170,000 northern elephant seals and growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s good news for Casey’s loner elephant seal X579. This year, he’s an alpha male for the first time. As for the others, there’s always next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/49466/on-the-elephant-seal-dating-scene-its-all-about-bravado","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_11725","quest_13193","quest_11488","quest_665","quest_962","quest_11194","quest_1743","quest_13203","quest_2034","quest_2209"],"featImg":"quest_49513","label":"source_quest_49466"},"quest_5953":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_5953","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"5953","score":null,"sort":[1274391171000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-skulls-at-cal-academy","title":"Producer's Notes: Skulls at Cal Academy","publishDate":1274391171,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Producer’s Notes: Skulls at Cal Academy | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-skulls-at-the-cal-academy\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/05/ws103_skulls300_blog_new.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Moe Flannery, Collections Manager for Ornithology & Mammalogy at Cal Academy shows us some jaws that didn’t move too well in life.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>If a dead marine mammal washes up on our beaches, from Bodega Bay to Año Nuevo, the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om\">California Academy of Sciences Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy\u003c/a> gets a call. They’ve been part of the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om/mmsn\">Marine Mammal Stranding Network\u003c/a> since 1982, a federal research program run by the National Marine Fisheries Service to investigate strandings, conduct biological monitoring, and coordinate the collection of specimens for study. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QUEST recently went across town to spend the afternoon with Moe Flannery, Collections Manager for Ornithology & Mammalogy at Cal Academy. She invited us over for a bit of sleuthing with some of her favorite skull & bone specimens from the sea. By comparing the skulls of healthy animals to those who met an untimely death, and factoring in evidence from the report and scene of the stranding, Moe can often formulate a story of what may have happened to the animal, as well as surmise larger patterns in it’s population and ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We started with California Sea Lions \u003cem>(Zalophus californianus)\u003c/em>, an abundant pinniped in our Northern California waters. The Cal Academy has over 28,500 mammal specimens in their vast collection, including 3000 California sea lion skulls. Some of the specimens– such as those with injuries (such as shark bites or broken bones) or congenital deformities, certainly pulled at my heartstrings, But, seeing animals that had been killed (or had their death hastened) due to “human interaction” definitely got my hackles up. In our video we take a look at 2 examples of human interaction, but sadly they are not the only two examples in the collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My favorite skull by far was the beastly and beautiful adult male Northern Elephant Seal \u003cem>(Mirounga angustirostris)\u003c/em>. Although they are no slouch with the flesh intact, without such they made the black bear skull on the table look positively puny. At up to 14 feet long and 5,000 pounds in size, they are in fact the largest mammal breeding in the San Francisco Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most fascinating skulls we saw in the Cal Academy collection actually did not make it into our video. At one point during our behind-the-scenes tour, Moe had us help her pull down a heavy, coffin-shaped wooden box. She opened the top to reveal a 5-plus-foot-long skull of an elderly female Killer Whale \u003cem>(Orcinus orca)\u003c/em>. Although associated more with the Northwest, orcas are found off of our shores as well, and every once in a while wash up on the beach. Moe was able to guess at the age in part by looking at the condition of the teeth. The teeth of the lower jaw were worn down to mere nubs, that would have likely been sitting at or below the gum line. Not much use for catching fish. It is surprising that she was able to live that long without a decent bite, but given the high level of social organization in orca pods, perhaps not. Some researchers have observed these whales sharing their catch with each other. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>In this Episode\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In our second episode of Science on the SPOT, join us on a behind-the-scenes trip deep into the massive collection of marine mammal skulls at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. You’d be surprised how much you can learn about an animal’s life– and death– by reading their bones. For your viewing pleasure, we’ve embedded a blog-sized version here. If you’d like to embed it on your blog (pretty please), go to the story page and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-skulls-at-the-cal-academy\">grab the embed code\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\nSo what should you do if you find a marine mammal stranded on the beach? If it is dead, call Moe Flannery & company at 415-379-5381 and they will try to salvage it for research. You can also report your finding via email at \u003ca href=\"mailto:marinemammals@calacademy.org\">marinemammals@calacademy.org\u003c/a>. If it is still alive, please call the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a> at 415-289-SEAL (415-289-7325) – they will come down and try to rescue it. Make sure to note where and when you found the stranded marine mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If a dead marine mammal washes up on our beaches, from Bodega Bay to Año Nuevo, the California Academy of Sciences Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy gets a call.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684975271,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":733},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Skulls at Cal Academy | KQED","description":"If a dead marine mammal washes up on our beaches, from Bodega Bay to Año Nuevo, the California Academy of Sciences Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy gets a call.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/5953/producers-notes-skulls-at-cal-academy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-skulls-at-the-cal-academy\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/05/ws103_skulls300_blog_new.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Moe Flannery, Collections Manager for Ornithology & Mammalogy at Cal Academy shows us some jaws that didn’t move too well in life.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>If a dead marine mammal washes up on our beaches, from Bodega Bay to Año Nuevo, the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om\">California Academy of Sciences Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy\u003c/a> gets a call. They’ve been part of the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om/mmsn\">Marine Mammal Stranding Network\u003c/a> since 1982, a federal research program run by the National Marine Fisheries Service to investigate strandings, conduct biological monitoring, and coordinate the collection of specimens for study. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QUEST recently went across town to spend the afternoon with Moe Flannery, Collections Manager for Ornithology & Mammalogy at Cal Academy. She invited us over for a bit of sleuthing with some of her favorite skull & bone specimens from the sea. By comparing the skulls of healthy animals to those who met an untimely death, and factoring in evidence from the report and scene of the stranding, Moe can often formulate a story of what may have happened to the animal, as well as surmise larger patterns in it’s population and ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We started with California Sea Lions \u003cem>(Zalophus californianus)\u003c/em>, an abundant pinniped in our Northern California waters. The Cal Academy has over 28,500 mammal specimens in their vast collection, including 3000 California sea lion skulls. Some of the specimens– such as those with injuries (such as shark bites or broken bones) or congenital deformities, certainly pulled at my heartstrings, But, seeing animals that had been killed (or had their death hastened) due to “human interaction” definitely got my hackles up. In our video we take a look at 2 examples of human interaction, but sadly they are not the only two examples in the collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My favorite skull by far was the beastly and beautiful adult male Northern Elephant Seal \u003cem>(Mirounga angustirostris)\u003c/em>. Although they are no slouch with the flesh intact, without such they made the black bear skull on the table look positively puny. At up to 14 feet long and 5,000 pounds in size, they are in fact the largest mammal breeding in the San Francisco Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most fascinating skulls we saw in the Cal Academy collection actually did not make it into our video. At one point during our behind-the-scenes tour, Moe had us help her pull down a heavy, coffin-shaped wooden box. She opened the top to reveal a 5-plus-foot-long skull of an elderly female Killer Whale \u003cem>(Orcinus orca)\u003c/em>. Although associated more with the Northwest, orcas are found off of our shores as well, and every once in a while wash up on the beach. Moe was able to guess at the age in part by looking at the condition of the teeth. The teeth of the lower jaw were worn down to mere nubs, that would have likely been sitting at or below the gum line. Not much use for catching fish. It is surprising that she was able to live that long without a decent bite, but given the high level of social organization in orca pods, perhaps not. Some researchers have observed these whales sharing their catch with each other. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>In this Episode\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In our second episode of Science on the SPOT, join us on a behind-the-scenes trip deep into the massive collection of marine mammal skulls at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. You’d be surprised how much you can learn about an animal’s life– and death– by reading their bones. For your viewing pleasure, we’ve embedded a blog-sized version here. If you’d like to embed it on your blog (pretty please), go to the story page and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-skulls-at-the-cal-academy\">grab the embed code\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\nSo what should you do if you find a marine mammal stranded on the beach? If it is dead, call Moe Flannery & company at 415-379-5381 and they will try to salvage it for research. You can also report your finding via email at \u003ca href=\"mailto:marinemammals@calacademy.org\">marinemammals@calacademy.org\u003c/a>. If it is still alive, please call the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a> at 415-289-SEAL (415-289-7325) – they will come down and try to rescue it. Make sure to note where and when you found the stranded marine mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/5953/producers-notes-skulls-at-cal-academy","authors":["6166"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_363","quest_431","quest_781","quest_1409","quest_3351","quest_1743","quest_2141","quest_2209","quest_2349","quest_2530","quest_2540","quest_2650","quest_9333"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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