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Barry Starr","firstName":"Dr. Barry","lastName":"Starr","slug":"dr-barry-starr","email":"bstarr@thetech.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Dr. Barry Starr (\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/geneticsboy\">@geneticsboy\u003c/a>) is a Geneticist-in-Residence at The Tech Museum of Innovation in San Jose, CA and runs their Stanford at The Tech program. The program is part of an ongoing collaboration between the \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Department of Genetics\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/\">The Tech Museum of Innovation\u003c/a>. Together these two partners created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/exhibits/permanent/index.php?sGalKey=gtwt&galKey=lt\">Genetics: Technology with a Twist\u003c/a> exhibition.\r\n\r\nYou can also see \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/author/dr-barry-starr/\">additional posts by Barry at KQED Science\u003c/a>, and read his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/dr-barry-starr/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"geneticsboy","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Dr. Barry Starr | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/dr-barry-starr"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_25787":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_25787","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"25787","score":null,"sort":[1318262375000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sequencing-within-reach","title":"Sequencing Within Reach","publishDate":1318262375,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/10/sequencing-within-reach/costofgenome/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25788\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/CostofGenome.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"CostofGenome\" width=\"640\" height=\"432\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-25788\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/CostofGenome.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/CostofGenome-400x270.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>As you can see from the graph, the cost of figuring out what someone’s DNA looks like is dropping like a stone. You can get your DNA sequenced for somewhere between 10 and 20 thousand dollars. When I started \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/11/26/getting-to-know-your-dna/\">writing this blog\u003c/a> back in 2007, it would cost you around 350 thousand dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it is even cheaper than this if you want to focus on just your genes. 23andMe is offering that \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/exome/\">very service\u003c/a> for less than 1,000 dollars. Your DNA is finally within your grasp! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This drop in price is great news for scientists. They can now get more DNA sequenced for less money. This is driving genetics forward at breakneck speed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This will probably also be great news for patients. For example, in the near future cancer patients will get the DNA in their tumors sequenced so they get prescribed the right medicine. We aren’t there yet, but if costs keep dropping, we will be soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For casual consumers, though, affordable DNA sequencing is much less useful. In fact, it might even make a difficult situation worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now we can get the results of a million or so of our bits of DNA. Some of these \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer/snps.html\">SNPs\u003c/a> are within genes and some are outside of genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These SNPs have been looked at in lots of experiments. This means we have at least some idea about how each relates to various diseases. The same won’t be true of the new data that will be made available to you. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are going to be changes in your genes that scientists haven’t seen before. And in many cases they won’t be able to tell you whether a certain change matters or not. You will end up with a bunch of differences for which there is little or no information. If you’re a worrier, this is going to cause problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s take an easy example, cystic fibrosis (CF). Most of the time CF is caused by one or more of a defined set of DNA differences in the CFTR gene. Genetic testing now looks for changes known to cause CF. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, CFTR is a gene with a lot of changes, many of which have no effect. What this means is that many of us will have differences in our CFTR gene that haven’t been seen before. Will they cause cystic fibrosis? For many differences, we won’t know for sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This information may ultimately be helpful for scientists if they find enough people with particular differences. But it may not be that helpful to you. In fact, if you’re a worrier, you may be unnecessarily concerned about your kids ending up with CF because of your unique version of the CFTR gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this is the easy example. Other diseases happen when many different gene versions all work together in a certain way. Some combinations of these gene versions will lead to disease or increased risk of disease and some won’t. If you pile on enough genes, you suddenly have so many combinations that it becomes very difficult to make any really predictions with only a few people’s DNA. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now I think it is safe to say that with genetics, we have lots of data but little understanding. To increase our understanding of human genetics, everyone should probably throw their DNA into the ring for scientists to study. The question is when do you want to know the results of what scientists are finding. At an early stage when everything is muddled or at a more defined, later stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"420\" height=\"315\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/5raJePXu0OQ\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The cost of figuring out what someone’s DNA looks like is dropping like a stone. For casual consumers, though, affordable DNA sequencing can be less than useful. In fact, it might even make a difficult situation worse.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1318273880,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.youtube.com/embed/5raJePXu0OQ"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":616},"headData":{"title":"Sequencing Within Reach | KQED","description":"The cost of figuring out what someone’s DNA looks like is dropping like a stone. For casual consumers, though, affordable DNA sequencing can be less than useful. In fact, it might even make a difficult situation worse.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"25787 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=25787","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/10/sequencing-within-reach/","disqusTitle":"Sequencing Within Reach","path":"/quest/25787/sequencing-within-reach","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/10/sequencing-within-reach/costofgenome/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25788\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/CostofGenome.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"CostofGenome\" width=\"640\" height=\"432\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-25788\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/CostofGenome.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/CostofGenome-400x270.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>As you can see from the graph, the cost of figuring out what someone’s DNA looks like is dropping like a stone. You can get your DNA sequenced for somewhere between 10 and 20 thousand dollars. When I started \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/11/26/getting-to-know-your-dna/\">writing this blog\u003c/a> back in 2007, it would cost you around 350 thousand dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it is even cheaper than this if you want to focus on just your genes. 23andMe is offering that \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/exome/\">very service\u003c/a> for less than 1,000 dollars. Your DNA is finally within your grasp! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This drop in price is great news for scientists. They can now get more DNA sequenced for less money. This is driving genetics forward at breakneck speed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This will probably also be great news for patients. For example, in the near future cancer patients will get the DNA in their tumors sequenced so they get prescribed the right medicine. We aren’t there yet, but if costs keep dropping, we will be soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For casual consumers, though, affordable DNA sequencing is much less useful. In fact, it might even make a difficult situation worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now we can get the results of a million or so of our bits of DNA. Some of these \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer/snps.html\">SNPs\u003c/a> are within genes and some are outside of genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These SNPs have been looked at in lots of experiments. This means we have at least some idea about how each relates to various diseases. The same won’t be true of the new data that will be made available to you. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are going to be changes in your genes that scientists haven’t seen before. And in many cases they won’t be able to tell you whether a certain change matters or not. You will end up with a bunch of differences for which there is little or no information. If you’re a worrier, this is going to cause problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s take an easy example, cystic fibrosis (CF). Most of the time CF is caused by one or more of a defined set of DNA differences in the CFTR gene. Genetic testing now looks for changes known to cause CF. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, CFTR is a gene with a lot of changes, many of which have no effect. What this means is that many of us will have differences in our CFTR gene that haven’t been seen before. Will they cause cystic fibrosis? For many differences, we won’t know for sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This information may ultimately be helpful for scientists if they find enough people with particular differences. But it may not be that helpful to you. In fact, if you’re a worrier, you may be unnecessarily concerned about your kids ending up with CF because of your unique version of the CFTR gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this is the easy example. Other diseases happen when many different gene versions all work together in a certain way. Some combinations of these gene versions will lead to disease or increased risk of disease and some won’t. If you pile on enough genes, you suddenly have so many combinations that it becomes very difficult to make any really predictions with only a few people’s DNA. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now I think it is safe to say that with genetics, we have lots of data but little understanding. To increase our understanding of human genetics, everyone should probably throw their DNA into the ring for scientists to study. The question is when do you want to know the results of what scientists are finding. At an early stage when everything is muddled or at a more defined, later stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"420\" height=\"315\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/5raJePXu0OQ\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/25787/sequencing-within-reach","authors":["6177"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_753","quest_3961","quest_1197","quest_1198","quest_2161","quest_2162","quest_13202","quest_10036","quest_3319"],"featImg":"quest_25788","label":"quest"},"quest_14037":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_14037","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"14037","score":null,"sort":[1303749791000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"better-left-unknown","title":"Better Left Unknown?","publishDate":1303749791,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/Redact2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>I might be better off NOT knowing some things about my genes.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/11/dna-diving-for-alzheimer%E2%80%99s/\">blog \u003c/a>I talked about how I was able to wrest information about my APOE gene from my 23andMe data. I wanted to know because of this gene’s link to late onset Alzheimer’s disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>APOE comes in three versions: e2, e3, and e4. People with two e4 versions are around 15 times more likely to end up with Alzheimer’s than are people with two e3 versions. And if these e4 folks do get the disease, it tends to come at an earlier age. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I found out that I actually have two e2 versions which protects me somewhat from getting late onset Alzheimer’s. Good news? I guess…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all of this, I didn’t ask whether this information is worth knowing. Being e2/e2 doesn’t mean I won’t get Alzheimer’s…it just means I am at a lower risk. But at least I didn’t find out I was e4/e4. Then I’d know I was more likely to get Alzheimer’s but not be able to do anything medically useful with that information. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being e4/e4 would not have meant that I would for sure end up with Alzheimer’s. So it wouldn’t be like having two copies of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/posters/chromosome/cftr.shtml\">delta-508\u003c/a> marker of the CFTR gene. In that case, I would almost certainly have developed cystic fibrosis. No, two copies of e4 would just mean that I was at a higher risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And knowing this wouldn’t be able to help me medically at all. There aren’t any good preventative measures I could take to stave off Alzheimer’s. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now this isn’t always true with these kinds of increased risk genetic markers—some are definitely worth knowing. Women who have certain \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/BRCA\">BRCA1/BRCA2\u003c/a> markers are at an increased risk for getting breast or ovarian cancer. They can choose to screen early (and often) in the hope of catching the cancer early when it is more treatable. Or, more drastically, they can choose to have their breasts and/or ovaries removed. Neither is really an option for Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So knowing my APOE status isn’t really that useful medically (at least not yet). I can’t do anything useful with the information other than wait and see if I end up with Alzheimer’s. Which is pretty much what I would have done without the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m bringing all of this up because 23andMe is now offering people their APOE information (with an upgrade to their new chip, of course). People can now find out their particular combination of e2, e3, and e4 markers*. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, the question was whether or not direct to consumer (DTC) genetic testing companies should offer such a test. That ship has either sailed or is getting ready to leave the harbor. The test will be made available to people who really want the information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now the key question is whether knowing your APOE status is worth it. The answer to this question will be different for different people. Given this, the most important thing is for people to have the information they need to make the right choice about whether they want to know their APOE status or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to figure this out is with a genetic counselor but most DTC tests don’t mandate that you need to talk to one before you are tested. This means it is absolutely critical that the online information provided by DTC companies are presented in an easy to understand way that does not oversell the genetic test. The DTC companies need to be upfront in the fact that this test is not predictive and that there are no proven preventative measures that can keep Alzheimer’s at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ll let you all judge how well 23andMe has done at letting people know about what you can learn from the APOE test and what you can do with that knowledge. Click \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/health/alzheimers/\">here \u003c/a>to read what they have to say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>* \u003cem>You have always been able to get your APOE status with a more expensive genetic test from \u003ca href=\"http://www.decodeme.com/\">deCODEme\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=405\">Learn more about how genes and the environment work together to cause Alzheimer's.\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I put this video in the last blog but it probably should have gone in this one. It shows the unintended consequences of finding out you are e4/e4.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\n\u003ciframe width=\"425\" height=\"349\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/oGuvzlD7Yx8\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Just because we can find out about some of our genetic information, should we? Even though the results are often not very useful or even very informative, they can sometimes be a real burden.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1303749791,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.youtube.com/embed/oGuvzlD7Yx8"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":777},"headData":{"title":"Better Left Unknown? | KQED","description":"Just because we can find out about some of our genetic information, should we? Even though the results are often not very useful or even very informative, they can sometimes be a real burden.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"14037 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2011/04/25/better-left-unknown/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/25/better-left-unknown/","disqusTitle":"Better Left Unknown?","path":"/quest/14037/better-left-unknown","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/Redact2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>I might be better off NOT knowing some things about my genes.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/11/dna-diving-for-alzheimer%E2%80%99s/\">blog \u003c/a>I talked about how I was able to wrest information about my APOE gene from my 23andMe data. I wanted to know because of this gene’s link to late onset Alzheimer’s disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>APOE comes in three versions: e2, e3, and e4. People with two e4 versions are around 15 times more likely to end up with Alzheimer’s than are people with two e3 versions. And if these e4 folks do get the disease, it tends to come at an earlier age. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I found out that I actually have two e2 versions which protects me somewhat from getting late onset Alzheimer’s. Good news? I guess…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all of this, I didn’t ask whether this information is worth knowing. Being e2/e2 doesn’t mean I won’t get Alzheimer’s…it just means I am at a lower risk. But at least I didn’t find out I was e4/e4. Then I’d know I was more likely to get Alzheimer’s but not be able to do anything medically useful with that information. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being e4/e4 would not have meant that I would for sure end up with Alzheimer’s. So it wouldn’t be like having two copies of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/posters/chromosome/cftr.shtml\">delta-508\u003c/a> marker of the CFTR gene. In that case, I would almost certainly have developed cystic fibrosis. No, two copies of e4 would just mean that I was at a higher risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And knowing this wouldn’t be able to help me medically at all. There aren’t any good preventative measures I could take to stave off Alzheimer’s. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now this isn’t always true with these kinds of increased risk genetic markers—some are definitely worth knowing. Women who have certain \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/BRCA\">BRCA1/BRCA2\u003c/a> markers are at an increased risk for getting breast or ovarian cancer. They can choose to screen early (and often) in the hope of catching the cancer early when it is more treatable. Or, more drastically, they can choose to have their breasts and/or ovaries removed. Neither is really an option for Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So knowing my APOE status isn’t really that useful medically (at least not yet). I can’t do anything useful with the information other than wait and see if I end up with Alzheimer’s. Which is pretty much what I would have done without the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m bringing all of this up because 23andMe is now offering people their APOE information (with an upgrade to their new chip, of course). People can now find out their particular combination of e2, e3, and e4 markers*. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, the question was whether or not direct to consumer (DTC) genetic testing companies should offer such a test. That ship has either sailed or is getting ready to leave the harbor. The test will be made available to people who really want the information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now the key question is whether knowing your APOE status is worth it. The answer to this question will be different for different people. Given this, the most important thing is for people to have the information they need to make the right choice about whether they want to know their APOE status or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to figure this out is with a genetic counselor but most DTC tests don’t mandate that you need to talk to one before you are tested. This means it is absolutely critical that the online information provided by DTC companies are presented in an easy to understand way that does not oversell the genetic test. The DTC companies need to be upfront in the fact that this test is not predictive and that there are no proven preventative measures that can keep Alzheimer’s at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ll let you all judge how well 23andMe has done at letting people know about what you can learn from the APOE test and what you can do with that knowledge. Click \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/health/alzheimers/\">here \u003c/a>to read what they have to say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>* \u003cem>You have always been able to get your APOE status with a more expensive genetic test from \u003ca href=\"http://www.decodeme.com/\">deCODEme\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=405\">Learn more about how genes and the environment work together to cause Alzheimer's.\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I put this video in the last blog but it probably should have gone in this one. It shows the unintended consequences of finding out you are e4/e4.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\n\u003ciframe width=\"425\" height=\"349\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/oGuvzlD7Yx8\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/14037/better-left-unknown","authors":["6177"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_43","quest_134","quest_135","quest_3458","quest_377","quest_3530","quest_3553","quest_3554","quest_3555","quest_3587","quest_1195","quest_1197","quest_3652","quest_2161"],"featImg":"quest_13535","label":"quest"},"quest_13504":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_13504","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"13504","score":null,"sort":[1302537708000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dna-diving-for-alzheimer%e2%80%99s","title":"DNA Diving for Alzheimer’s","publishDate":1302537708,"format":"standard","headTitle":"DNA Diving for Alzheimer’s | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003ctable align=\"left\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/AlzPetScan22.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #999999\">My 23andMe test tells me I am less likely to end up\u003cbr>\nwith the brain on the left.\u003cbr>\nImage courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PiB_PET_Images_AD.jpg\">Klunkwe\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>I was having lunch with a colleague the other day and we got to talking about genetic testing (yes, we are that geeky). I told him about how my 23andMe test had missed my being prediabetic. This says a lot about what 23andMe’s test can tell me about my risk for diabetes. Not much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now as I have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/10/12/do-these-genes-make-me-look-diabetic/\">said before\u003c/a>, the fact that 23andMe can’t tell me that I’m likely to become diabetic from their DNA test isn’t their fault (other than, perhaps, some overselling on their part). Diabetes research just isn’t far enough along to be able to accurately predict whether someone will get diabetes or not. Or to make any really meaningful prediction about diabetes at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We then got to talking about Alzheimer’s. Turns out his family tree is littered with Alzheimer’s on both his mother’s and father’s side. He ran into a similar problem–23andMe doesn’t report anything for Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here the situation is a bit different than for diabetes. There are a couple of DNA markers that can tell us a lot about our future risk for late onset Alzheimer’s. It just so happens that 23andMe doesn’t report on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These markers deal with the APOE gene. This gene comes in three common versions: e2, e3, and e4. People with two copies of the e4 version are 15 times more likely to develop Alzheimer’s and if they do end up with the disease, it tends to come earlier. (One copy of e4 increases your risk about 3 times.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a little help from my colleague, I decided to dig a bit deeper into Alzheimer’s and see what I could figure out from what 23andMe did provide. Turns out I can figure out a whole lot about my APOE status. And that I can help other people figure out more from their results too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two markers (also called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer/snps.html\">SNP\u003c/a>s) that deal with APOE and Alzheimer’s are rs429358 and rs7412. Here, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.snpedia.com/index.php/ApoE\">SNPedia\u003c/a>, are the combinations of these markers that tell you your APOE status:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/APOEtable2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To my surprise, 23andMe gives information on one of them, rs7412. Even though this isn’t usually enough to tell whether you have the dreaded e4 version or not, in my case it was. I almost certainly do not have any versions of e4 (yay!).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See, my results at rs7412 are TT*. If I am interpreting these results correctly, this means I almost certainly have two copies of the e2 version of the APOE gene. In terms of my Alzheimer’s risk this is great news as being e2/e2 actually lowers your risk for getting the disease. (There is a chance I could be e1 but this doesn’t seem to be a very common version at all.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course this doesn’t mean I won’t get Alzheimer’s…I still might. After all, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_causes_risk_factors.asp#familyhistory\">risk \u003c/a>for someone over 85 getting Alzheimer’s is almost 50%. Even though this number lumps e4 and e2 folks together, e2 people do not have a 0% risk for Alzheimer’s nor do e4 people have a 100% chance. People with e4 are just more likely to have Alzheimer’s than e2 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might help to think about getting Alzheimer’s like drawing an inside straight in poker. Everyone might do it but people who are playing with wildcards are more likely to get it. These are the e4 folks. But it isn’t a for sure thing…you still may not draw the straight even with deuces wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Same thing with not having e4. Now I am less likely to draw that inside straight because there are no wild cards but it can still happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because I was TT at rs7412, my case was pretty easy to figure out. Next blog I’ll try to help people out who are TC or CC at rs7412.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>*\u003cem>Remember, we have two copies of each of our genes. So I have a T at rs7412 in one copy and a T at rs7412 in my other copy.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A video showing why knowing your APOE status isn’t necessarily a good thing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"425\" height=\"349\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/oGuvzlD7Yx8\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about current Bay Area genetic research from \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201104050900\">KQED’s Forum. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"I was able to figure out my APOE status and so one of my key risk factors for developing late onset Alzheimer's from my 23andMe test even though 23andMe doesn't officially report any results for Alzheimer's.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974330,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":777},"headData":{"title":"DNA Diving for Alzheimer’s | KQED","description":"I was able to figure out my APOE status and so one of my key risk factors for developing late onset Alzheimer's from my 23andMe test even though 23andMe doesn't officially report any results for Alzheimer's.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/13504/dna-diving-for-alzheimer%e2%80%99s","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ctable align=\"left\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/AlzPetScan22.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #999999\">My 23andMe test tells me I am less likely to end up\u003cbr>\nwith the brain on the left.\u003cbr>\nImage courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PiB_PET_Images_AD.jpg\">Klunkwe\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>I was having lunch with a colleague the other day and we got to talking about genetic testing (yes, we are that geeky). I told him about how my 23andMe test had missed my being prediabetic. This says a lot about what 23andMe’s test can tell me about my risk for diabetes. Not much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now as I have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/10/12/do-these-genes-make-me-look-diabetic/\">said before\u003c/a>, the fact that 23andMe can’t tell me that I’m likely to become diabetic from their DNA test isn’t their fault (other than, perhaps, some overselling on their part). Diabetes research just isn’t far enough along to be able to accurately predict whether someone will get diabetes or not. Or to make any really meaningful prediction about diabetes at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We then got to talking about Alzheimer’s. Turns out his family tree is littered with Alzheimer’s on both his mother’s and father’s side. He ran into a similar problem–23andMe doesn’t report anything for Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here the situation is a bit different than for diabetes. There are a couple of DNA markers that can tell us a lot about our future risk for late onset Alzheimer’s. It just so happens that 23andMe doesn’t report on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These markers deal with the APOE gene. This gene comes in three common versions: e2, e3, and e4. People with two copies of the e4 version are 15 times more likely to develop Alzheimer’s and if they do end up with the disease, it tends to come earlier. (One copy of e4 increases your risk about 3 times.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a little help from my colleague, I decided to dig a bit deeper into Alzheimer’s and see what I could figure out from what 23andMe did provide. Turns out I can figure out a whole lot about my APOE status. And that I can help other people figure out more from their results too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two markers (also called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer/snps.html\">SNP\u003c/a>s) that deal with APOE and Alzheimer’s are rs429358 and rs7412. Here, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.snpedia.com/index.php/ApoE\">SNPedia\u003c/a>, are the combinations of these markers that tell you your APOE status:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/APOEtable2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To my surprise, 23andMe gives information on one of them, rs7412. Even though this isn’t usually enough to tell whether you have the dreaded e4 version or not, in my case it was. I almost certainly do not have any versions of e4 (yay!).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See, my results at rs7412 are TT*. If I am interpreting these results correctly, this means I almost certainly have two copies of the e2 version of the APOE gene. In terms of my Alzheimer’s risk this is great news as being e2/e2 actually lowers your risk for getting the disease. (There is a chance I could be e1 but this doesn’t seem to be a very common version at all.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course this doesn’t mean I won’t get Alzheimer’s…I still might. After all, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_causes_risk_factors.asp#familyhistory\">risk \u003c/a>for someone over 85 getting Alzheimer’s is almost 50%. Even though this number lumps e4 and e2 folks together, e2 people do not have a 0% risk for Alzheimer’s nor do e4 people have a 100% chance. People with e4 are just more likely to have Alzheimer’s than e2 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might help to think about getting Alzheimer’s like drawing an inside straight in poker. Everyone might do it but people who are playing with wildcards are more likely to get it. These are the e4 folks. But it isn’t a for sure thing…you still may not draw the straight even with deuces wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Same thing with not having e4. Now I am less likely to draw that inside straight because there are no wild cards but it can still happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because I was TT at rs7412, my case was pretty easy to figure out. Next blog I’ll try to help people out who are TC or CC at rs7412.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>*\u003cem>Remember, we have two copies of each of our genes. So I have a T at rs7412 in one copy and a T at rs7412 in my other copy.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A video showing why knowing your APOE status isn’t necessarily a good thing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"425\" height=\"349\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/oGuvzlD7Yx8\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about current Bay Area genetic research from \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201104050900\">KQED’s Forum. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/13504/dna-diving-for-alzheimer%e2%80%99s","authors":["6177"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_43","quest_134","quest_135","quest_3457","quest_3458","quest_377","quest_3530","quest_3553","quest_3554","quest_3555","quest_1195","quest_1197","quest_3652","quest_2161"],"featImg":"quest_13535","label":"quest"},"quest_12130":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_12130","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"12130","score":null,"sort":[1297704642000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"all-u-s-children-left-behind","title":"All (U.S.) Children Left Behind","publishDate":1297704642,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/china2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>These Chinese students are kicking our butts in science.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New test results confirm what many of us have feared: U.S. students suck at science. These new numbers are not only bad for our reputation, they spell trouble for the future U.S. economy and possibly the world. Maybe President Obama is right and we are in the middle of another “Sputnik” moment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most \u003ca href=\"http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2011451\">recent test results\u003c/a> put us on par with France, the Czech Republic and Hungary and miles away from the likes of China, South Korea, Finland and Australia. The top countries will be producing the best scientists who will drive economies forward. Those of us in the middle of the pack will either fall behind economically or stay competitive either by attracting good scientists from elsewhere or by changing our education system to match the Finns or the Aussies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course this is only true if these results hold for top performing students, too. Since most scientists come from this group, if the top performing students in the U.S. hold their own against their counterparts in other countries, then we may be OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The testing folks provide this great tool,\u003ca href=\"http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/international/ide/\"> the International Data Explorer\u003c/a>, that lets you parse the data in lots of different ways. And no matter how I sliced the data, we are in the middle of the pack. If I look at wealthy folks, or students who have educated parents or students that have scientists as parents, each category is still behind lots of different countries. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we can’t blame the test results on immigrants, the poor or any of our usual convenient scapegoats. We are simply doing a poor job of teaching science. Such a poor job that our economy is going to be in real trouble in the not so distant future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it isn’t just our economy that is threatened. A general U.S. public that is not up to snuff scientifically might just put our world at risk too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A scientifically illiterate public will fear vaccines and GM foods, won’t understand and so won’t believe in global warming and so on. This could mean a spread of disease, starvation and environmental catastrophes just to name a few. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is important to remember that none of this is inevitable. We can ramp up our science education so that we train the best scientists in the world and maybe even create a scientifically informed and savvy public in the process. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Massachusetts has done just that in the last 15 or 20 years. If it were a country, Massachusetts would now be in the upper ranks of countries. We need to look to Massachusetts for how to improve other states' failing education systems. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massachusetts shows that with the will and money to do it, we can turn our educational system around. Sadly, though, I am not sure most of the country will. Sputnik came with the fear of nuclear holocaust. Our current crisis comes with the fear of future irrelevance and a decreased standard of living. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current risks are not life and death and so it will be much harder to mobilize the government, the public, and the unions to transform our education system. I guess our dominance economically and scientifically was good while it lasted. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2010/11/your-child-left-behind/66069/\">A fun interactive that lets you compare math, science and reading scores between states and different countries.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/12/your-child-left-behind/8310/\">State by state math scores compared to other countries.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/id/2281847/\">Why this crisis will be harder to overcome than the Sputnik crisis.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"New test results confirm what many of us have feared: U.S. students suck at science.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1297704642,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":602},"headData":{"title":"All (U.S.) Children Left Behind | KQED","description":"New test results confirm what many of us have feared: U.S. students suck at science.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"12130 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2011/02/14/all-u-s-children-left-behind/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/14/all-u-s-children-left-behind/","disqusTitle":"All (U.S.) Children Left Behind","path":"/quest/12130/all-u-s-children-left-behind","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/china2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>These Chinese students are kicking our butts in science.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New test results confirm what many of us have feared: U.S. students suck at science. These new numbers are not only bad for our reputation, they spell trouble for the future U.S. economy and possibly the world. Maybe President Obama is right and we are in the middle of another “Sputnik” moment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most \u003ca href=\"http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2011451\">recent test results\u003c/a> put us on par with France, the Czech Republic and Hungary and miles away from the likes of China, South Korea, Finland and Australia. The top countries will be producing the best scientists who will drive economies forward. Those of us in the middle of the pack will either fall behind economically or stay competitive either by attracting good scientists from elsewhere or by changing our education system to match the Finns or the Aussies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course this is only true if these results hold for top performing students, too. Since most scientists come from this group, if the top performing students in the U.S. hold their own against their counterparts in other countries, then we may be OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The testing folks provide this great tool,\u003ca href=\"http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/international/ide/\"> the International Data Explorer\u003c/a>, that lets you parse the data in lots of different ways. And no matter how I sliced the data, we are in the middle of the pack. If I look at wealthy folks, or students who have educated parents or students that have scientists as parents, each category is still behind lots of different countries. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we can’t blame the test results on immigrants, the poor or any of our usual convenient scapegoats. We are simply doing a poor job of teaching science. Such a poor job that our economy is going to be in real trouble in the not so distant future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it isn’t just our economy that is threatened. A general U.S. public that is not up to snuff scientifically might just put our world at risk too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A scientifically illiterate public will fear vaccines and GM foods, won’t understand and so won’t believe in global warming and so on. This could mean a spread of disease, starvation and environmental catastrophes just to name a few. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is important to remember that none of this is inevitable. We can ramp up our science education so that we train the best scientists in the world and maybe even create a scientifically informed and savvy public in the process. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Massachusetts has done just that in the last 15 or 20 years. If it were a country, Massachusetts would now be in the upper ranks of countries. We need to look to Massachusetts for how to improve other states' failing education systems. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massachusetts shows that with the will and money to do it, we can turn our educational system around. Sadly, though, I am not sure most of the country will. Sputnik came with the fear of nuclear holocaust. Our current crisis comes with the fear of future irrelevance and a decreased standard of living. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current risks are not life and death and so it will be much harder to mobilize the government, the public, and the unions to transform our education system. I guess our dominance economically and scientifically was good while it lasted. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2010/11/your-child-left-behind/66069/\">A fun interactive that lets you compare math, science and reading scores between states and different countries.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/12/your-child-left-behind/8310/\">State by state math scores compared to other countries.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/id/2281847/\">Why this crisis will be harder to overcome than the Sputnik crisis.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/12130/all-u-s-children-left-behind","authors":["6177"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_848","quest_1197","quest_1198","quest_2161","quest_2530","quest_2532","quest_3130"],"featImg":"quest_12223","label":"quest"},"quest_11995":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_11995","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"11995","score":null,"sort":[1296756084000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reliable-science-web-resource-scitable","title":"Reliable Science Web Resource: Scitable","publishDate":1296756084,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/scitable.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Finally a reliable scientific resource on the web.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A really interesting project called \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/scitable\">Scitable\u003c/a> recently came to my attention. This site is sponsored by the same folks who publish \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/\">Scientific American\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/\">Nature\u003c/a>, and many other scientific journals and magazines. It is intended to provide students, teachers, professors and the public with easy to read, understandable materials about science. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From a quick look, it looks like a great website for advanced high school students, undergraduate and graduate students, scientists, and the well educated. If this is you, take a look \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/scitable\">here\u003c/a> and let me know what you think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is an email interview I did with the guy who runs the site, Vikram Savkar. It focuses on what Scitable offers and some ways to heal our ailing science education system. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/VAsmall.jpg\" align=\"right\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Many of our readers will not have heard of Scitable before. Can you please give a brief history of the group and what you hope to accomplish.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Scitable is an open, high quality science teaching and learning site from Nature Publishing Group, publishers of Nature, Scientific American, and a number of other science journals and magazines. We launched Scitable because we feel strongly that inspiring and enabling today’s students to immerse themselves in science is crucial for the future of the planet. Without dedicated scientific researchers, or at least a science-literate population, we won’t be able to make the progress we need as a global community on sustainability, food security, diseases, and so on. Our goal is to make access to very high quality science education information and compelling scientific experiences a common denominator for students regardless of their socioeconomic or geographic background.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can you please tell our readers who the sources are for the information on your site and how often information is updated? Do you see it as a more reliable source for people compared to what else is out there on the web (e.g. Wikipedia)?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We actively commission the pieces you see on the site from leading scientists, faculty, or science journalists, depending on the subject matter, and every piece is put through a formal review by other experts in the field. The result is that the information is high quality: current, carefully thought through, scientifically accurate, and designed explicitly for use by teachers and students. We update our pieces on average once a month . . . often when a member of the community points out a topic they think we should have covered but didn’t; we’ll route the opinion to our reviewers and if everyone agrees, we will update the article. Yes, our intention is very much for Scitable to be a marriage of the reliability and quality of information that we’re all familiar with from journals and formal publications with the ease of discovery of use that’s characteristic of sites like Wikipedia.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is your favorite feature of Scitable? Why?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I sometimes use the search box in the People area of Scitable to figure out whether we have any student or faculty users from far-flung parts of the world . . . and usually find that we do. (Mauritius: yes. Swaziland: no. We’ll have to work on that.) We’re really trying to create a kind of global classroom – a place where students from any part of the world can collaborate with researchers, teachers, and fellow students who are interested in the same subject but potentially thousands of miles away.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Can you tell us a little bit about the resources that are available for the public, students, and/or teachers at your site? How easy is it for these people to access and use these resources?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The heart of Scitable is the extensive (and growing) content library. We have more than 600 readings in genetics, cell biology, and ecology right now, and we’re adding more across the life and physical sciences this year. We have mini-textbooks in the life sciences as well as on special topics like scientific communication and career planning. And our learning paths allow students to progress through “hot” issues like biotechnology at their own pace. We also have a strong set of classroom tools, which teachers can use to run private online research spaces for their students. In just five or ten minutes, a teacher can create a customized reading list (using content from Scitable or from anywhere on the web) and enroll students in discussions, news feeds, and so on. All of this is free. The bulk of the content doesn’t require registration; people do have to register to build or join a classroom or take a learning path. Overall, it’s really easy for people to learn through the site . . . our users are growing rapidly every month, and they come from all walks of life: students, teachers, researchers, parents, veterinarians (yes, I’ve noticed a lot of these!), genetic counselors, and more.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you see as the primary problem with science education today? If you had a magic wand and could fix science education, what would you do? Would it differ between K-12 and undergraduate education?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I don’t think there is a primary problem, I think that the overall quality of science education is driven by the convergence of a lot of factors: Do parents encourage kids to tinker with nature and science? Are there enough well trained science teachers, and are they incentivized to stay at tough schools? How widely available are good lab equipment and other learning materials? How successful are college instructors at reminding students of the “magic” behind the memorization? If I had a magic wand, I would wave it at all of these. If I had to pick one . . . that’s tough . . . I would probably work on ensuring that there are highly qualified teachers (which means not only understanding science but having a solid background in teaching methods) in all schools, including and particularly under resourced ones. But, really, the key point for me is that there isn’t just one thing to focus on, we must take a holistic approach.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who is the primary audience for Scitable? K-12 students, K-12 educators, undergraduates, the general public, graduate students, etc.?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The audience in formal education ranges from advanced high school classes to junior/senior level undergraduate classes . . . we have a broad set of content in the site, so there is much there for everyone within that range. The audience among the general public seems to be encouragingly varied, there are so many different kinds of people whom I have seen find their way to the site. People really do instinctively get excited by science; when we provide a way for them to easily find good answers to their questions, they will take advantage of it.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you see Scitable as a resource for that day in the not too distant future when everyone knows their own DNA sequence? Are there any resources available and accessible for the average person at your site? Or is it mostly focused right now on aspiring or actual scientists?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>There are many resources for the average person, and we plan to publish more. A good example is our growing collection of Spotlights, which are essentially “home pages” for topics like Alternative Energy and Acoustic Pollution, intended specifically to help general learners go beyond the newspaper headlines and learn the actual science behind hot-button issues. I don’t see us ever helping people to make medical judgments of any kind, but I do see us helping a broad set of citizens to understand something substantial about the fields of research that can lead to a vastly improved quality of life for all of us. And to vote in ways that help make this future a reality.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/01/18/the-wild-wild-web/\">A previous blog on the difficulties of finding good scientific information on the web.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An interview with Vikram Savkar, the man who runs a reliable web resource for science called Scitable.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1296756084,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":1333},"headData":{"title":"Reliable Science Web Resource: Scitable | KQED","description":"An interview with Vikram Savkar, the man who runs a reliable web resource for science called Scitable.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11995 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2011/02/03/reliable-science-web-resource-scitable/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/03/reliable-science-web-resource-scitable/","disqusTitle":"Reliable Science Web Resource: Scitable","path":"/quest/11995/reliable-science-web-resource-scitable","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/scitable.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Finally a reliable scientific resource on the web.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A really interesting project called \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/scitable\">Scitable\u003c/a> recently came to my attention. This site is sponsored by the same folks who publish \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/\">Scientific American\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/\">Nature\u003c/a>, and many other scientific journals and magazines. It is intended to provide students, teachers, professors and the public with easy to read, understandable materials about science. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From a quick look, it looks like a great website for advanced high school students, undergraduate and graduate students, scientists, and the well educated. If this is you, take a look \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/scitable\">here\u003c/a> and let me know what you think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is an email interview I did with the guy who runs the site, Vikram Savkar. It focuses on what Scitable offers and some ways to heal our ailing science education system. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/VAsmall.jpg\" align=\"right\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Many of our readers will not have heard of Scitable before. Can you please give a brief history of the group and what you hope to accomplish.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Scitable is an open, high quality science teaching and learning site from Nature Publishing Group, publishers of Nature, Scientific American, and a number of other science journals and magazines. We launched Scitable because we feel strongly that inspiring and enabling today’s students to immerse themselves in science is crucial for the future of the planet. Without dedicated scientific researchers, or at least a science-literate population, we won’t be able to make the progress we need as a global community on sustainability, food security, diseases, and so on. Our goal is to make access to very high quality science education information and compelling scientific experiences a common denominator for students regardless of their socioeconomic or geographic background.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can you please tell our readers who the sources are for the information on your site and how often information is updated? Do you see it as a more reliable source for people compared to what else is out there on the web (e.g. Wikipedia)?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We actively commission the pieces you see on the site from leading scientists, faculty, or science journalists, depending on the subject matter, and every piece is put through a formal review by other experts in the field. The result is that the information is high quality: current, carefully thought through, scientifically accurate, and designed explicitly for use by teachers and students. We update our pieces on average once a month . . . often when a member of the community points out a topic they think we should have covered but didn’t; we’ll route the opinion to our reviewers and if everyone agrees, we will update the article. Yes, our intention is very much for Scitable to be a marriage of the reliability and quality of information that we’re all familiar with from journals and formal publications with the ease of discovery of use that’s characteristic of sites like Wikipedia.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is your favorite feature of Scitable? Why?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I sometimes use the search box in the People area of Scitable to figure out whether we have any student or faculty users from far-flung parts of the world . . . and usually find that we do. (Mauritius: yes. Swaziland: no. We’ll have to work on that.) We’re really trying to create a kind of global classroom – a place where students from any part of the world can collaborate with researchers, teachers, and fellow students who are interested in the same subject but potentially thousands of miles away.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Can you tell us a little bit about the resources that are available for the public, students, and/or teachers at your site? How easy is it for these people to access and use these resources?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The heart of Scitable is the extensive (and growing) content library. We have more than 600 readings in genetics, cell biology, and ecology right now, and we’re adding more across the life and physical sciences this year. We have mini-textbooks in the life sciences as well as on special topics like scientific communication and career planning. And our learning paths allow students to progress through “hot” issues like biotechnology at their own pace. We also have a strong set of classroom tools, which teachers can use to run private online research spaces for their students. In just five or ten minutes, a teacher can create a customized reading list (using content from Scitable or from anywhere on the web) and enroll students in discussions, news feeds, and so on. All of this is free. The bulk of the content doesn’t require registration; people do have to register to build or join a classroom or take a learning path. Overall, it’s really easy for people to learn through the site . . . our users are growing rapidly every month, and they come from all walks of life: students, teachers, researchers, parents, veterinarians (yes, I’ve noticed a lot of these!), genetic counselors, and more.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you see as the primary problem with science education today? If you had a magic wand and could fix science education, what would you do? Would it differ between K-12 and undergraduate education?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I don’t think there is a primary problem, I think that the overall quality of science education is driven by the convergence of a lot of factors: Do parents encourage kids to tinker with nature and science? Are there enough well trained science teachers, and are they incentivized to stay at tough schools? How widely available are good lab equipment and other learning materials? How successful are college instructors at reminding students of the “magic” behind the memorization? If I had a magic wand, I would wave it at all of these. If I had to pick one . . . that’s tough . . . I would probably work on ensuring that there are highly qualified teachers (which means not only understanding science but having a solid background in teaching methods) in all schools, including and particularly under resourced ones. But, really, the key point for me is that there isn’t just one thing to focus on, we must take a holistic approach.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who is the primary audience for Scitable? K-12 students, K-12 educators, undergraduates, the general public, graduate students, etc.?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The audience in formal education ranges from advanced high school classes to junior/senior level undergraduate classes . . . we have a broad set of content in the site, so there is much there for everyone within that range. The audience among the general public seems to be encouragingly varied, there are so many different kinds of people whom I have seen find their way to the site. People really do instinctively get excited by science; when we provide a way for them to easily find good answers to their questions, they will take advantage of it.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you see Scitable as a resource for that day in the not too distant future when everyone knows their own DNA sequence? Are there any resources available and accessible for the average person at your site? Or is it mostly focused right now on aspiring or actual scientists?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>There are many resources for the average person, and we plan to publish more. A good example is our growing collection of Spotlights, which are essentially “home pages” for topics like Alternative Energy and Acoustic Pollution, intended specifically to help general learners go beyond the newspaper headlines and learn the actual science behind hot-button issues. I don’t see us ever helping people to make medical judgments of any kind, but I do see us helping a broad set of citizens to understand something substantial about the fields of research that can lead to a vastly improved quality of life for all of us. And to vote in ways that help make this future a reality.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/01/18/the-wild-wild-web/\">A previous blog on the difficulties of finding good scientific information on the web.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/11995/reliable-science-web-resource-scitable","authors":["6177"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_848","quest_1197","quest_1198","quest_2161","quest_2530","quest_2532","quest_3130"],"featImg":"quest_11997","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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