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Different kinds of fossil fuels -- coals, oils, and natural gases -- formed as dead plants and animals decayed. Scientists refer to such remains as “organic matter.” The element carbon is the foundation for organic matter on Earth. That means that countless carbon-based molecules remain buried far below Earth’s surface. Many of the carbon compounds are combustible -- they can be used to release heat energy to produce electricity; power cars, planes, or trains; or keep your house warm on a cold evening. But once we use them we can’t reuse them. We call them non-renewable natural resources. In this activity you will learn more about how one fossil fuel -- shale gas -- formed thousands of feet beneath certain parts of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This narrated slide show is part of our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/challenges-of-non-renewable-energy/\">\u003cstrong>Challenges of Non-Renewable Energy\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> series\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What do you already know about fossil fuels?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Which types of fossil energy do you think people rely on the most?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How many years do you think Earth’s fossil energy supplies will last: 100? 500? Forever? How could you gather information to answer a question like this?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Focus Questions for Viewing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How did shale form over time?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What caused natural gas (shale gas) to form?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why are scientists and engineers interested in the Marcellus Shale formation?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are some of the challenges involved in obtaining trapped shale gas?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Post-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Scientists say that nearly all of the energy on Earth comes from the sun. How do you think the sun contributed to the development of Earth’s fossil fuels?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why is there interest in finding new sources of energy within the United States?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What daily activities of yours connect you to the use of and need for fossil fuels?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extension Activity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Conduct research to find shale gas deposits that have been discovered near your state. Use various sources to determine an estimate of all the shale gas that lies within the current “shale plays.” Compare the formation and location of coal and petroleum to that of shale. Look for similarities and differences among the three fossil fuels and predict why this may be. Develop an explanation for how different types of fossil energy occur in different places.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Links to Learn More\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Portals/10/pdf/HandsOn/HandsOn08.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Make a Geologic Timeline\u003c/a> , Ohio Department of Natural Resources: Geologic time is very difficult to think about in terms of a human lifetime. This activity will help you to understand how long ago the resources we use today were formed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cetconnect.org/ohiorocks/resources/docs/GeologicHistoryofOhio.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ohio “Geofacts” – Millions of Years in the Making\u003c/a>, Ohio Department of Natural Resources: See how Earth's crust near Ohio formed over a span of hundreds of millions of years.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/portals/10/pdf/stratcol.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">See How Geologists Have Mapped the Earth’s Crust in Ohio\u003c/a>, Ohio Department of Natural Resources: In order to find fossil fuels, geologists create maps that show the different layers of deposition within Earth's crust. This map gives you a sense of the composition and depth of the Ohio bedrock.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scotese.com/earth.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">See How the Continents Formed and Moved Over Time\u003c/a> , C.R. Scotese, PALEOMAP Project: Earth's surface has changed dramatically in the past 4.5 billion years. These maps show you the changes over time up to the present day.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/d/dunkleosteus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Learn About Devonian Life\u003c/a> Prehistoric-Wildlife.com: How much organic plant and animal life existed 400 million years ago? Find out by exploring this history of the Devonian Period.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NGSS Correlations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Develop a model to describe the cycling of Earth's materials and the flow of energy that drives this process. \u003cstrong>MS-ESS2-1\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> All Earth processes are the result of energy flowing and matter cycling within and among the planet's systems. This energy is derived from the sun and Earth's hot interior. The energy that flows and matter that cycles produce chemical and physical changes in Earth's materials and living organisms. \u003cstrong>ESS2.A: Earth's Materials and Systems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crosscuting Concept:\u003c/strong> Stability and change\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In this activity you will learn more about how one fossil fuel -- shale gas -- formed thousands of feet beneath certain parts of the United States.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1500328552,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":702},"headData":{"title":"How Were Fossil Fuels Formed? | KQED","description":"In this activity you will learn more about how one fossil fuel -- shale gas -- formed thousands of feet beneath certain parts of the United States.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Were Fossil Fuels Formed?","datePublished":"2013-12-20T16:15:49.000Z","dateModified":"2017-07-17T21:55:52.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"64950 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=64950","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/12/20/how-were-fossil-fuels-formed-part-1-of-5/","disqusTitle":"How Were Fossil Fuels Formed?","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/hnzOEWVAVlk","source":"Geology","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/geology/","path":"/quest/64950/how-were-fossil-fuels-formed-part-1-of-5","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This slideshow was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/gviebranz/\">George Vibranz \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/anneglausser/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Anne Glausser\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shale gas is a fossil fuel that formed millions of years ago. Different kinds of fossil fuels -- coals, oils, and natural gases -- formed as dead plants and animals decayed. Scientists refer to such remains as “organic matter.” The element carbon is the foundation for organic matter on Earth. That means that countless carbon-based molecules remain buried far below Earth’s surface. Many of the carbon compounds are combustible -- they can be used to release heat energy to produce electricity; power cars, planes, or trains; or keep your house warm on a cold evening. But once we use them we can’t reuse them. We call them non-renewable natural resources. In this activity you will learn more about how one fossil fuel -- shale gas -- formed thousands of feet beneath certain parts of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This narrated slide show is part of our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/challenges-of-non-renewable-energy/\">\u003cstrong>Challenges of Non-Renewable Energy\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> series\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What do you already know about fossil fuels?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Which types of fossil energy do you think people rely on the most?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How many years do you think Earth’s fossil energy supplies will last: 100? 500? Forever? How could you gather information to answer a question like this?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Focus Questions for Viewing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How did shale form over time?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What caused natural gas (shale gas) to form?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why are scientists and engineers interested in the Marcellus Shale formation?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are some of the challenges involved in obtaining trapped shale gas?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Post-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Scientists say that nearly all of the energy on Earth comes from the sun. How do you think the sun contributed to the development of Earth’s fossil fuels?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why is there interest in finding new sources of energy within the United States?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What daily activities of yours connect you to the use of and need for fossil fuels?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extension Activity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Conduct research to find shale gas deposits that have been discovered near your state. Use various sources to determine an estimate of all the shale gas that lies within the current “shale plays.” Compare the formation and location of coal and petroleum to that of shale. Look for similarities and differences among the three fossil fuels and predict why this may be. Develop an explanation for how different types of fossil energy occur in different places.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Links to Learn More\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Portals/10/pdf/HandsOn/HandsOn08.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Make a Geologic Timeline\u003c/a> , Ohio Department of Natural Resources: Geologic time is very difficult to think about in terms of a human lifetime. This activity will help you to understand how long ago the resources we use today were formed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cetconnect.org/ohiorocks/resources/docs/GeologicHistoryofOhio.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ohio “Geofacts” – Millions of Years in the Making\u003c/a>, Ohio Department of Natural Resources: See how Earth's crust near Ohio formed over a span of hundreds of millions of years.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/portals/10/pdf/stratcol.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">See How Geologists Have Mapped the Earth’s Crust in Ohio\u003c/a>, Ohio Department of Natural Resources: In order to find fossil fuels, geologists create maps that show the different layers of deposition within Earth's crust. This map gives you a sense of the composition and depth of the Ohio bedrock.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scotese.com/earth.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">See How the Continents Formed and Moved Over Time\u003c/a> , C.R. Scotese, PALEOMAP Project: Earth's surface has changed dramatically in the past 4.5 billion years. These maps show you the changes over time up to the present day.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/d/dunkleosteus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Learn About Devonian Life\u003c/a> Prehistoric-Wildlife.com: How much organic plant and animal life existed 400 million years ago? Find out by exploring this history of the Devonian Period.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NGSS Correlations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Develop a model to describe the cycling of Earth's materials and the flow of energy that drives this process. \u003cstrong>MS-ESS2-1\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> All Earth processes are the result of energy flowing and matter cycling within and among the planet's systems. This energy is derived from the sun and Earth's hot interior. The energy that flows and matter that cycles produce chemical and physical changes in Earth's materials and living organisms. \u003cstrong>ESS2.A: Earth's Materials and Systems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crosscuting Concept:\u003c/strong> Stability and change\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/64950/how-were-fossil-fuels-formed-part-1-of-5","authors":["10295"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_9","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_13196","quest_10978","quest_10327","quest_12527","quest_9804","quest_12528","quest_2349","quest_10429"],"collections":["quest_12601","quest_12599"],"featImg":"quest_66856","label":"source_quest_64950"},"quest_64985":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_64985","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"64985","score":null,"sort":[1387556055000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-does-hydraulic-fracturing-work-part-2-of-5","title":"How Does Hydraulic Fracturing Work?","publishDate":1387556055,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":12599,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>[covevideo id=\"http://video.pbs.org/partnerplayer/C19ee2MMs4kN_GgwY5IOMQ==/?autoplay=false&start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&topbar=true&endscreen=false\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003cem>This video was excerpted from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/fracking-wastewater/\">After the Frack\u003c/a> by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/maryfecteau/\">Mary Fecteau.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though it has been in use for more than 60 years, hydraulic fracturing is still considered a relatively new drilling technology. Engineering advances such as horizontal boring, perforation, and fracturing have made underground shale gas and oil reserves more accessible than ever before. But in nearly all instances of fracking, well shafts must be bored down through layers of groundwater and underground aquifers, parts of a natural system that allows water to cycle through the lithosphere and hydrosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is part of a five-part educational series called \u003cspan style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/challenges-of-non-renewable-energy/\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000;\">\u003cstrong>Challenges of Non-Renewable Energy\u003c/strong>.\u003c/span> \u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What is meant by the phrase “domestic energy supply”?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are some of the techniques currently used to obtain energy from coal, oil, or natural gas?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why can't the same sources of energy be used in all areas of the United States?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Focus Questions for Viewing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What precautions do fracking companies take to ensure that wells protect freshwater supplies and other natural resources?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What other natural resources are needed to fracture shale layers?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What additional materials come to the surface with the brine water and natural gas?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why might these materials be of concern to people or other organisms?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Post-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What are some of the issues that might need to be addressed after a shale bed is successfully fracked?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What current practice of waste disposal was demonstrated in the video segment?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>This story is incomplete. It tells about the practice of fracking, but not about what happens afterward. List and explain \u003cstrong>one benefit\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>one challenge\u003c/strong> that you think occur as a result of fracking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extension Activity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Using words, diagrams, or graphic organizers, explain how the story of hydraulic fracturing portrayed in the video demonstrates the disciplinary core idea, \"Humans depend on Earth's land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for many different resources. Minerals, freshwater, and biosphere resources are limited and may not be replaceable.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Links to Learn More\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Shale Gas Plays\u003c/a> , U.S. Energy Information Administration: Use the resources from the EIA to see how and where shale gas is used in the United States.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/EPAPaper\" target=\"_blank\">The Science Behind Hydraulic Fracturing\u003c/a>, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Learn what the EPA considers to be some of the critical issues around hydraulic fracturing.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://geology.com/articles/horizontal-drilling/\" target=\"_blank\">Advancements In Drilling Technology\u003c/a>, Hobart King, Geology.com: Learn more about the science of horizontal and directional drilling, and how these technologies support EPA recommendations and protect other natural resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NGSS Correlations\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation\u003c/strong>: Develop a model to describe the cycling of Earth’s materials and the flow of energy that drives this process. \u003cstrong>MS-ESS3-1\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea\u003c/strong>: Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for many different resources. Minerals, freshwater, and biosphere resources are limited, and many are not renewable or replaceable over human lifetimes. These resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes. \u003cstrong>ESS3.A Natural Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concepts\u003c/strong>: Cause and effect\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices\u003c/strong>: Constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Learn how engineers developed the techniques of hydraulic fracturing.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450481603,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":540},"headData":{"title":"How Does Hydraulic Fracturing Work? | KQED","description":"Learn how engineers developed the techniques of hydraulic fracturing.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Does Hydraulic Fracturing Work?","datePublished":"2013-12-20T16:14:15.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-18T23:33:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"64985 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=64985","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/12/20/how-does-hydraulic-fracturing-work-part-2-of-5/","disqusTitle":"How Does Hydraulic Fracturing Work?","videoEmbed":"http://video.pbs.org/partnerplayer/C19ee2MMs4kN_GgwY5IOMQ==/?autoplay=false&start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&topbar=true&endscreen=false","path":"/quest/64985/how-does-hydraulic-fracturing-work-part-2-of-5","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[covevideo id=\"http://video.pbs.org/partnerplayer/C19ee2MMs4kN_GgwY5IOMQ==/?autoplay=false&start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&topbar=true&endscreen=false\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003cem>This video was excerpted from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/fracking-wastewater/\">After the Frack\u003c/a> by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/maryfecteau/\">Mary Fecteau.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though it has been in use for more than 60 years, hydraulic fracturing is still considered a relatively new drilling technology. Engineering advances such as horizontal boring, perforation, and fracturing have made underground shale gas and oil reserves more accessible than ever before. But in nearly all instances of fracking, well shafts must be bored down through layers of groundwater and underground aquifers, parts of a natural system that allows water to cycle through the lithosphere and hydrosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is part of a five-part educational series called \u003cspan style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/challenges-of-non-renewable-energy/\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000;\">\u003cstrong>Challenges of Non-Renewable Energy\u003c/strong>.\u003c/span> \u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What is meant by the phrase “domestic energy supply”?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are some of the techniques currently used to obtain energy from coal, oil, or natural gas?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why can't the same sources of energy be used in all areas of the United States?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Focus Questions for Viewing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What precautions do fracking companies take to ensure that wells protect freshwater supplies and other natural resources?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What other natural resources are needed to fracture shale layers?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What additional materials come to the surface with the brine water and natural gas?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why might these materials be of concern to people or other organisms?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Post-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What are some of the issues that might need to be addressed after a shale bed is successfully fracked?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What current practice of waste disposal was demonstrated in the video segment?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>This story is incomplete. It tells about the practice of fracking, but not about what happens afterward. List and explain \u003cstrong>one benefit\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>one challenge\u003c/strong> that you think occur as a result of fracking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extension Activity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Using words, diagrams, or graphic organizers, explain how the story of hydraulic fracturing portrayed in the video demonstrates the disciplinary core idea, \"Humans depend on Earth's land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for many different resources. Minerals, freshwater, and biosphere resources are limited and may not be replaceable.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Links to Learn More\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Shale Gas Plays\u003c/a> , U.S. Energy Information Administration: Use the resources from the EIA to see how and where shale gas is used in the United States.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/EPAPaper\" target=\"_blank\">The Science Behind Hydraulic Fracturing\u003c/a>, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Learn what the EPA considers to be some of the critical issues around hydraulic fracturing.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://geology.com/articles/horizontal-drilling/\" target=\"_blank\">Advancements In Drilling Technology\u003c/a>, Hobart King, Geology.com: Learn more about the science of horizontal and directional drilling, and how these technologies support EPA recommendations and protect other natural resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NGSS Correlations\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation\u003c/strong>: Develop a model to describe the cycling of Earth’s materials and the flow of energy that drives this process. \u003cstrong>MS-ESS3-1\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea\u003c/strong>: Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for many different resources. Minerals, freshwater, and biosphere resources are limited, and many are not renewable or replaceable over human lifetimes. These resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes. \u003cstrong>ESS3.A Natural Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concepts\u003c/strong>: Cause and effect\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices\u003c/strong>: Constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/64985/how-does-hydraulic-fracturing-work-part-2-of-5","authors":["10295"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_13196","quest_10978","quest_10327","quest_12527","quest_9804","quest_12528","quest_2349","quest_10429"],"collections":["quest_12601","quest_12599"],"featImg":"quest_66860","label":"quest_12599"},"quest_64994":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_64994","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"64994","score":null,"sort":[1387556021000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"claims-of-advocates-the-benefits-of-hydraulic-fracturing-part-3-of-5","title":"Claims of Advocates: The Benefits of Hydraulic Fracturing","publishDate":1387556021,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":12599,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Advocates of hydraulic fracturing list the many benefits of the practice. The infographic above shows the four reasons cited most often. To think critically and scientifically, it is good practice to balance benefits against challenges, and people’s wants or needs against economic or environmental costs. In the science of sustainability we must always look at how today's practices might impact people and Earth’s systems in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Frack-Benefits-1.10.20141.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-66354\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Frack-Benefits-1.10.20141.jpg\" alt=\"Frack Benefits 1.10.2014\" width=\"1426\" height=\"1102\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Frack-Benefits-1.10.20141.jpg 1426w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Frack-Benefits-1.10.20141-400x309.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Frack-Benefits-1.10.20141-800x618.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Frack-Benefits-1.10.20141-1180x912.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Frack-Benefits-1.10.20141-960x742.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1426px) 100vw, 1426px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Click on the infographic above to see a larger version.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLearn more about claims that hydraulic fracturing helps people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This infographic is part of a five-part educational series called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/challenges-of-non-renewable-energy/\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Challenges of Non-Renewable Energy.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How can people be persuaded to change their views or beliefs?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How would you define a person who is an \"advocate\"? What do advocates do?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is a debate? Why might people debate the impacts of hydraulic fracturing?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Focus Questions for Viewing and Reading the Infographic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What claims do fracking advocates make with regard to the following?\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Environmental impact\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Economic impact\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sustainability of energy\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Post-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Which of the four points made in the infographic do you believe is most defensible? Why?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Are there any points that you find hard to defend? What are they? Why is defending them difficult?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do you see any places in the graphic where some additional information may have been intentionally omitted to sway you toward favoring the idea of fracking for energy?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extension Activity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Write an argument supporting the creation of an infrastructure that increases the use and distribution of natural gas within the United States. What do you think critics would point to as drawbacks to your plan? Where would you expect to find tension or competing priorities among people’s needs, economic factors, and environmental factors?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Links to Learn More\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.energyfromshale.org/hydraulic-fracturing/shale-natural-gas\" target=\"_blank\">Advocating for Domestic Supplies of Natural Shale Gas\u003c/a>, EnergyFromShale.org: See what domestic energy advocates have to say about well construction and the use of natural resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.energyfromshale.org/stories-from-shale/lorain-ohio\" target=\"_blank\"> Are The Jobs Real? \u003c/a>, EnergyFromShale.org: Read an advocate’s story about how fracking has provided new jobs in Lorain, Ohio, and other places where unemployment is high due to changing economies.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/novagreenhouse\" target=\"_blank\">Earth’s Natural Thermostat\u003c/a>, PBS LearningMedia/WGBH Educational Foundation: View this NOVA segment to see how carbon dioxide emissions, created by the combustion of carbon-based fuels, can upset the balance between the sun’s radiant heat entering our atmosphere and that which is emitted back into space.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NGSS Correlations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Apply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing a human impact on the environment. \u003cstrong>MS-ESS3-3\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> Human activities have significantly altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging or destroying natural habitats and causing the extinction of other species. But changes to Earth’s environments can have different impacts (negative and positive) for different living things. \u003cstrong>ESS3.C Human Impacts on Earth Systems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concepts:\u003c/strong> Cause and effect; stability and change\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Asking questions and defining problems\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Learn more about claims that hydraulic fracturing helps people.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450481422,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":501},"headData":{"title":"Claims of Advocates: The Benefits of Hydraulic Fracturing | KQED","description":"Learn more about claims that hydraulic fracturing helps people.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Claims of Advocates: The Benefits of Hydraulic Fracturing","datePublished":"2013-12-20T16:13:41.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-18T23:30:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"64994 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=64994","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/12/20/claims-of-advocates-the-benefits-of-hydraulic-fracturing-part-3-of-5/","disqusTitle":"Claims of Advocates: The Benefits of Hydraulic Fracturing","path":"/quest/64994/claims-of-advocates-the-benefits-of-hydraulic-fracturing-part-3-of-5","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Advocates of hydraulic fracturing list the many benefits of the practice. The infographic above shows the four reasons cited most often. To think critically and scientifically, it is good practice to balance benefits against challenges, and people’s wants or needs against economic or environmental costs. In the science of sustainability we must always look at how today's practices might impact people and Earth’s systems in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Frack-Benefits-1.10.20141.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-66354\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Frack-Benefits-1.10.20141.jpg\" alt=\"Frack Benefits 1.10.2014\" width=\"1426\" height=\"1102\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Frack-Benefits-1.10.20141.jpg 1426w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Frack-Benefits-1.10.20141-400x309.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Frack-Benefits-1.10.20141-800x618.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Frack-Benefits-1.10.20141-1180x912.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Frack-Benefits-1.10.20141-960x742.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1426px) 100vw, 1426px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Click on the infographic above to see a larger version.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLearn more about claims that hydraulic fracturing helps people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This infographic is part of a five-part educational series called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/challenges-of-non-renewable-energy/\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Challenges of Non-Renewable Energy.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How can people be persuaded to change their views or beliefs?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How would you define a person who is an \"advocate\"? What do advocates do?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is a debate? Why might people debate the impacts of hydraulic fracturing?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Focus Questions for Viewing and Reading the Infographic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What claims do fracking advocates make with regard to the following?\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Environmental impact\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Economic impact\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sustainability of energy\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Post-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Which of the four points made in the infographic do you believe is most defensible? Why?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Are there any points that you find hard to defend? What are they? Why is defending them difficult?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do you see any places in the graphic where some additional information may have been intentionally omitted to sway you toward favoring the idea of fracking for energy?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extension Activity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Write an argument supporting the creation of an infrastructure that increases the use and distribution of natural gas within the United States. What do you think critics would point to as drawbacks to your plan? Where would you expect to find tension or competing priorities among people’s needs, economic factors, and environmental factors?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Links to Learn More\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.energyfromshale.org/hydraulic-fracturing/shale-natural-gas\" target=\"_blank\">Advocating for Domestic Supplies of Natural Shale Gas\u003c/a>, EnergyFromShale.org: See what domestic energy advocates have to say about well construction and the use of natural resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.energyfromshale.org/stories-from-shale/lorain-ohio\" target=\"_blank\"> Are The Jobs Real? \u003c/a>, EnergyFromShale.org: Read an advocate’s story about how fracking has provided new jobs in Lorain, Ohio, and other places where unemployment is high due to changing economies.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/novagreenhouse\" target=\"_blank\">Earth’s Natural Thermostat\u003c/a>, PBS LearningMedia/WGBH Educational Foundation: View this NOVA segment to see how carbon dioxide emissions, created by the combustion of carbon-based fuels, can upset the balance between the sun’s radiant heat entering our atmosphere and that which is emitted back into space.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NGSS Correlations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Apply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing a human impact on the environment. \u003cstrong>MS-ESS3-3\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> Human activities have significantly altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging or destroying natural habitats and causing the extinction of other species. But changes to Earth’s environments can have different impacts (negative and positive) for different living things. \u003cstrong>ESS3.C Human Impacts on Earth Systems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concepts:\u003c/strong> Cause and effect; stability and change\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Asking questions and defining problems\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/64994/claims-of-advocates-the-benefits-of-hydraulic-fracturing-part-3-of-5","authors":["10295"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_9","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_13196","quest_10978","quest_10327","quest_12527","quest_9804","quest_12528","quest_2349","quest_10429"],"collections":["quest_12601","quest_12599"],"featImg":"quest_66848","label":"quest_12599"},"quest_65003":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_65003","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"65003","score":null,"sort":[1387555976000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-are-the-challenges-of-fracking-natural-shale-gas-reserves-part-4-of-5","title":"What Are the Challenges of Fracking Natural Shale Gas Reserves?","publishDate":1387555976,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":12599,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>[covevideo id=\"http://video.pbs.org/partnerplayer/ihEPQxHXg6Avasbkb5geeQ==/?autoplay=false&start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&topbar=true&endscreen=false\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003cem>This video was excerpted from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/fracking-wastewater/\">After the Frack\u003c/a> by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/maryfecteau/\">Mary Fecteau.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To think critically and scientifically, it is good practice to look at how the wants or needs of people balance against economic or environmental costs. In the science of sustainability we must always look at how the practices of today might impact people and Earth’s systems in the future. There are tradeoffs and risks that must be considered whenever people use Earth’s natural resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is part of a five-part educational series called \u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/challenges-of-non-renewable-energy/\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cstrong>Challenges of Non-Renewable Energy\u003c/strong>.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What are the important roles of water on Earth?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When making decisions, what is a \"trade-off\"?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Give your own definition of ‘\"alternatives.\" What might be an example of a scientist talking about alternatives?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Focus Questions for Viewing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>According to Dr. Weatherington-Rice, which chemicals might return to the surface when shale gas is extracted during fracking?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What has traditionally been done with contaminated fracking fluids?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What concerns do people have about current methods of dealing with fracking waste?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>According to Mr. Kell, how many barrels of contaminated fracking wastewater have been buried in injection wells?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Post-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why are these chemicals, heavy metals, and radioactive isotopes present in shale beds?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The capacity of a barrel is around 55 gallons. How many gallons of water do you estimate are contained in the 300 million barrels that have already been buried in Ohio? How does this compare to the capacity of a lake or reservoir near you?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>From a natural resources perspective, why would people be concerned about the injection of millions of barrels of fracking wastewater into the ground?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extension Activity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Research the effects of salts, heavy metals, and radioactive elements on human organ systems. Why would people be concerned about leakage of injection wells onto the surface or into groundwater reserves?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Links to Learn More\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=shale-gas-and-hydraulic-fracturing\" target=\"_blank\">The Science of Wasted Resources\u003c/a>, David Biello, Scientific American: This article from Scientific American highlights the toxic gases, liquids, and solids that must be managed when hydraulic fracturing takes place.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/science/fracking-practices-blame-ohio-earthquakes-8C11073601\" target=\"_blank\">A New Challenge?\u003c/a>, Charles Q. Chol, NBC NEWS Science: Read about new claims that fracking injections and gas extractions can be linked to seismic shifts in Earth’s crust.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/PSEConnections\" target=\"_blank\"> Can Fracking Cause Another Hurricane Sandy?\u003c/a>, Physicians, Scientists, and Engineers for Healthy Energy: See what the Physicians, Scientists, and Engineers for Healthy Energy have to say about current scientific evidence.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NGSS Correlations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation\u003c/strong>: Apply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing a human impact on the environment. \u003cstrong>MS-ESS3-3\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea\u003c/strong>: Human activities have significantly altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging or destroying natural habitats and causing the extinction of other species. But changes to Earth’s environments can have different impacts (negative and positive) for different living things. \u003cstrong>ESS3.C Human Impacts on Earth’s Systems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept\u003c/strong>s: Cause and effect; structure and function\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices\u003c/strong>: Asking questions and defining problems\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Learn about the concerns some people have about the practice of fracking.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450481674,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":522},"headData":{"title":"What Are the Challenges of Fracking Natural Shale Gas Reserves? | KQED","description":"Learn about the concerns some people have about the practice of fracking.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What Are the Challenges of Fracking Natural Shale Gas Reserves?","datePublished":"2013-12-20T16:12:56.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-18T23:34:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"65003 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=65003","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/12/20/what-are-the-challenges-of-fracking-natural-shale-gas-reserves-part-4-of-5/","disqusTitle":"What Are the Challenges of Fracking Natural Shale Gas Reserves?","videoEmbed":"http://video.pbs.org/partnerplayer/ihEPQxHXg6Avasbkb5geeQ==/?autoplay=false&start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&topbar=true&endscreen=false","path":"/quest/65003/what-are-the-challenges-of-fracking-natural-shale-gas-reserves-part-4-of-5","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[covevideo id=\"http://video.pbs.org/partnerplayer/ihEPQxHXg6Avasbkb5geeQ==/?autoplay=false&start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&topbar=true&endscreen=false\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003cem>This video was excerpted from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/fracking-wastewater/\">After the Frack\u003c/a> by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/maryfecteau/\">Mary Fecteau.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To think critically and scientifically, it is good practice to look at how the wants or needs of people balance against economic or environmental costs. In the science of sustainability we must always look at how the practices of today might impact people and Earth’s systems in the future. There are tradeoffs and risks that must be considered whenever people use Earth’s natural resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is part of a five-part educational series called \u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/challenges-of-non-renewable-energy/\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cstrong>Challenges of Non-Renewable Energy\u003c/strong>.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What are the important roles of water on Earth?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When making decisions, what is a \"trade-off\"?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Give your own definition of ‘\"alternatives.\" What might be an example of a scientist talking about alternatives?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Focus Questions for Viewing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>According to Dr. Weatherington-Rice, which chemicals might return to the surface when shale gas is extracted during fracking?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What has traditionally been done with contaminated fracking fluids?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What concerns do people have about current methods of dealing with fracking waste?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>According to Mr. Kell, how many barrels of contaminated fracking wastewater have been buried in injection wells?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Post-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why are these chemicals, heavy metals, and radioactive isotopes present in shale beds?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The capacity of a barrel is around 55 gallons. How many gallons of water do you estimate are contained in the 300 million barrels that have already been buried in Ohio? How does this compare to the capacity of a lake or reservoir near you?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>From a natural resources perspective, why would people be concerned about the injection of millions of barrels of fracking wastewater into the ground?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extension Activity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Research the effects of salts, heavy metals, and radioactive elements on human organ systems. Why would people be concerned about leakage of injection wells onto the surface or into groundwater reserves?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Links to Learn More\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=shale-gas-and-hydraulic-fracturing\" target=\"_blank\">The Science of Wasted Resources\u003c/a>, David Biello, Scientific American: This article from Scientific American highlights the toxic gases, liquids, and solids that must be managed when hydraulic fracturing takes place.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/science/fracking-practices-blame-ohio-earthquakes-8C11073601\" target=\"_blank\">A New Challenge?\u003c/a>, Charles Q. Chol, NBC NEWS Science: Read about new claims that fracking injections and gas extractions can be linked to seismic shifts in Earth’s crust.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/PSEConnections\" target=\"_blank\"> Can Fracking Cause Another Hurricane Sandy?\u003c/a>, Physicians, Scientists, and Engineers for Healthy Energy: See what the Physicians, Scientists, and Engineers for Healthy Energy have to say about current scientific evidence.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NGSS Correlations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation\u003c/strong>: Apply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing a human impact on the environment. \u003cstrong>MS-ESS3-3\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea\u003c/strong>: Human activities have significantly altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging or destroying natural habitats and causing the extinction of other species. But changes to Earth’s environments can have different impacts (negative and positive) for different living things. \u003cstrong>ESS3.C Human Impacts on Earth’s Systems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept\u003c/strong>s: Cause and effect; structure and function\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices\u003c/strong>: Asking questions and defining problems\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/65003/what-are-the-challenges-of-fracking-natural-shale-gas-reserves-part-4-of-5","authors":["10295"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_9","quest_11","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_13196","quest_10978","quest_10327","quest_12527","quest_9804","quest_12528","quest_2349","quest_10429"],"collections":["quest_12601","quest_12599"],"featImg":"quest_66855","label":"quest_12599"},"quest_65008":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_65008","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"65008","score":null,"sort":[1387555808000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"energy-and-a-sustainable-future-part-5-of-5","title":"Energy and a Sustainable Future","publishDate":1387555808,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":12599,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>[covevideo id=\"http://video.pbs.org/partnerplayer/4t_k2ukXZByGGj-NwmY4dw==/?autoplay=false&start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&topbar=true&endscreen=false\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003cem>This video was excerpted from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/fracking-wastewater/\">After the Frack\u003c/a> by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/maryfecteau/\">Mary Fecteau.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"You can't win; you are sure to lose; and you can't get out of the game.\"\u003cem>---Garrett Hardin, Filters Against Folly: How to Survive Despite Economists, Ecologists, and the Merely Eloquent\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While we look for renewable and cleaner supplies of energy, we must acknowledge that humans have created a world that relies on vast amounts of non-renewable energy every day. If humans want to continue living on Earth, issues of energy production and consumption must be addressed today and into the future. In less than 200 years humans have extracted an incredible amount of coal, oil, and gas from the ground to feed our energy hunger. Earth’s non-renewable resources are finite and dwindling. The burning of fossil fuels produces more carbon dioxide emissions than the planet’s natural systems are capable of recycling. Of the fossil fuels, natural gas is the cleanest to burn, and fracking may provide a bridge to the future until cleaner energies are more efficient and affordable. That bridge, however, may be very fragile and risky to travel unless critical decisions are made about our use of energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is part of a five-part educational series called\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/challenges-of-non-renewable-energy/\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\"> \u003cstrong>Challenges of Non-Renewable Energy. \u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\"Reduce, reuse, recycle.\" Give examples of how one or more of these ideas can be applied to the issues and practices of hydraulic fracturing for the acquisition of shale gas.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If the United States is going to rely on shale gas reserves for energy in the future, what strategies would you like to see put in place to diminish the negative impact on Earth’s ecosystems?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\"Not in my backyard\" is a saying used to describe practices that are good as long as people are not negatively impacted locally. But what if you consider the entire Earth to be your “backyard”? Do you think you would support the continued extraction of fossil fuels from Earth’s crust? What tradeoffs do you think are most important in order to increase the country’s domestic supplies of energy?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Focus Questions for Viewing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>If every by-product of fracking could be repurposed for other applications, what current major dilemmas could be resolved?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If injection wells could be eliminated completely without disrupting the flow of natural gas energy, what could that mean for the future of people and living things on Earth?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sometimes scientists say that parts of systems are “coupled.” If a toxic-water spill or injection-well failure occurred, what other parts of living systems could be disrupted or damaged?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Post-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What do you believe is the most dangerous problem associated with obtaining energy reserves that have been untapped for millions of years?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What personal daily activities would you be willing to reduce or eliminate if it meant that our energy supplies would last longer and our atmosphere would become cleaner? Explain to someone else how your activities are part of a “coupled system” of energy resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extension Activity\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Forced Choice Debate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Divide the class into three or four learning groups. Each group will be given one of the following positions in the fracking debate, which they must try to defend with evidence from this Explainer and their own research.\u003cbr>\nTeam A: Stop fracking immediately because the long-term contamination risks are not worth the current reward.\u003cbr>\nTeam B: Continue fracking and strengthen regulations to protect against possible consequences.\u003cbr>\nTeam C: Require companies that frack to give part of their profits to research groups exploring how to recycle all waste byproducts and return clean water to the watersheds.\u003cbr>\nTeam D: Require companies that frack to financially support research of cleaner and renewable alternative energy sources.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Each team must summarize its recommendations in a Prezi, PowerPoint, Pearltrees, or similar digital presentation tool.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Links to Learn More\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=can-fracking-be-done-without-impacting-water\" target=\"_blank\"> Preserving Our Natural Resources\u003c/a>, David Biello, Scientific American: Read this article from Scientific American to learn more about the issue of hydraulic fracturing waste disposal and the future of our natural resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/brinewater\" target=\"_blank\">Brine Water Alternatives\u003c/a>, Kendall Gurule, Frackwire.com: Learn more about the emerging science of recycling brine water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/AAASTradeOffs\" target=\"_blank\">Tradeoffs… Gambling on Our Future?\u003c/a>, AAAS ScienceNetLinks: Learn more about energy tradeoffs for fossil fuels and other natural resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/Project2061SystemsInteraction\" target=\"_blank\">Sustainability – Seeing “The Big Picture”\u003c/a>, Project2061.org: Learn about the interactions among human society, economics, politics, and ecosystems, and the fragile ties that try to hold these systems in balance.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://telstar.ote.cmu.edu/environ/m3/s3/09fossil.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">Take Your Investigation Even Deeper \u003c/a>, Carnegie Mellon University: Carnegie Mellon University has an outstanding environmental science site dedicated to the promise and challenges of meeting our world’s energy demands.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NGSS Correlations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Ask questions to clarify evidence of the factors that have caused the rise in global temperatures over the past century. \u003cstrong>MS-ESS3-5\u003c/strong> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> Human activities, such as the release of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, are major factors in the current rise in Earth’s mean surface temperature (global warming). Reducing the level of climate change and reducing human vulnerability to whatever climate changes do occur depend on the understanding of climate science, engineering capabilities, and other kinds of knowledge, such as human behavior, and applying that knowledge wisely in decisions and activities. \u003cstrong>ESS3.D Global Climate Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concepts:\u003c/strong> Cause and effect\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Learn about the sustainability efforts being developed.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450481627,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":933},"headData":{"title":"Energy and a Sustainable Future | KQED","description":"Learn about the sustainability efforts being developed.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Energy and a Sustainable Future","datePublished":"2013-12-20T16:10:08.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-18T23:33:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"65008 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=65008","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/12/20/energy-and-a-sustainable-future-part-5-of-5/","disqusTitle":"Energy and a Sustainable Future","videoEmbed":"http://video.pbs.org/partnerplayer/4t_k2ukXZByGGj-NwmY4dw==/?autoplay=false&start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&topbar=true&endscreen=false","path":"/quest/65008/energy-and-a-sustainable-future-part-5-of-5","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[covevideo id=\"http://video.pbs.org/partnerplayer/4t_k2ukXZByGGj-NwmY4dw==/?autoplay=false&start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&topbar=true&endscreen=false\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003cem>This video was excerpted from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/fracking-wastewater/\">After the Frack\u003c/a> by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/maryfecteau/\">Mary Fecteau.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"You can't win; you are sure to lose; and you can't get out of the game.\"\u003cem>---Garrett Hardin, Filters Against Folly: How to Survive Despite Economists, Ecologists, and the Merely Eloquent\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While we look for renewable and cleaner supplies of energy, we must acknowledge that humans have created a world that relies on vast amounts of non-renewable energy every day. If humans want to continue living on Earth, issues of energy production and consumption must be addressed today and into the future. In less than 200 years humans have extracted an incredible amount of coal, oil, and gas from the ground to feed our energy hunger. Earth’s non-renewable resources are finite and dwindling. The burning of fossil fuels produces more carbon dioxide emissions than the planet’s natural systems are capable of recycling. Of the fossil fuels, natural gas is the cleanest to burn, and fracking may provide a bridge to the future until cleaner energies are more efficient and affordable. That bridge, however, may be very fragile and risky to travel unless critical decisions are made about our use of energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is part of a five-part educational series called\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/challenges-of-non-renewable-energy/\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\"> \u003cstrong>Challenges of Non-Renewable Energy. \u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\"Reduce, reuse, recycle.\" Give examples of how one or more of these ideas can be applied to the issues and practices of hydraulic fracturing for the acquisition of shale gas.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If the United States is going to rely on shale gas reserves for energy in the future, what strategies would you like to see put in place to diminish the negative impact on Earth’s ecosystems?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\"Not in my backyard\" is a saying used to describe practices that are good as long as people are not negatively impacted locally. But what if you consider the entire Earth to be your “backyard”? Do you think you would support the continued extraction of fossil fuels from Earth’s crust? What tradeoffs do you think are most important in order to increase the country’s domestic supplies of energy?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Focus Questions for Viewing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>If every by-product of fracking could be repurposed for other applications, what current major dilemmas could be resolved?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If injection wells could be eliminated completely without disrupting the flow of natural gas energy, what could that mean for the future of people and living things on Earth?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sometimes scientists say that parts of systems are “coupled.” If a toxic-water spill or injection-well failure occurred, what other parts of living systems could be disrupted or damaged?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Post-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What do you believe is the most dangerous problem associated with obtaining energy reserves that have been untapped for millions of years?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What personal daily activities would you be willing to reduce or eliminate if it meant that our energy supplies would last longer and our atmosphere would become cleaner? Explain to someone else how your activities are part of a “coupled system” of energy resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extension Activity\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Forced Choice Debate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Divide the class into three or four learning groups. Each group will be given one of the following positions in the fracking debate, which they must try to defend with evidence from this Explainer and their own research.\u003cbr>\nTeam A: Stop fracking immediately because the long-term contamination risks are not worth the current reward.\u003cbr>\nTeam B: Continue fracking and strengthen regulations to protect against possible consequences.\u003cbr>\nTeam C: Require companies that frack to give part of their profits to research groups exploring how to recycle all waste byproducts and return clean water to the watersheds.\u003cbr>\nTeam D: Require companies that frack to financially support research of cleaner and renewable alternative energy sources.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Each team must summarize its recommendations in a Prezi, PowerPoint, Pearltrees, or similar digital presentation tool.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Links to Learn More\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=can-fracking-be-done-without-impacting-water\" target=\"_blank\"> Preserving Our Natural Resources\u003c/a>, David Biello, Scientific American: Read this article from Scientific American to learn more about the issue of hydraulic fracturing waste disposal and the future of our natural resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/brinewater\" target=\"_blank\">Brine Water Alternatives\u003c/a>, Kendall Gurule, Frackwire.com: Learn more about the emerging science of recycling brine water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/AAASTradeOffs\" target=\"_blank\">Tradeoffs… Gambling on Our Future?\u003c/a>, AAAS ScienceNetLinks: Learn more about energy tradeoffs for fossil fuels and other natural resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/Project2061SystemsInteraction\" target=\"_blank\">Sustainability – Seeing “The Big Picture”\u003c/a>, Project2061.org: Learn about the interactions among human society, economics, politics, and ecosystems, and the fragile ties that try to hold these systems in balance.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://telstar.ote.cmu.edu/environ/m3/s3/09fossil.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">Take Your Investigation Even Deeper \u003c/a>, Carnegie Mellon University: Carnegie Mellon University has an outstanding environmental science site dedicated to the promise and challenges of meeting our world’s energy demands.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NGSS Correlations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Ask questions to clarify evidence of the factors that have caused the rise in global temperatures over the past century. \u003cstrong>MS-ESS3-5\u003c/strong> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> Human activities, such as the release of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, are major factors in the current rise in Earth’s mean surface temperature (global warming). Reducing the level of climate change and reducing human vulnerability to whatever climate changes do occur depend on the understanding of climate science, engineering capabilities, and other kinds of knowledge, such as human behavior, and applying that knowledge wisely in decisions and activities. \u003cstrong>ESS3.D Global Climate Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concepts:\u003c/strong> Cause and effect\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/65008/energy-and-a-sustainable-future-part-5-of-5","authors":["10295"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_11765","quest_9","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_13196","quest_10978","quest_10327","quest_12527","quest_9804","quest_12528","quest_2349","quest_10429"],"collections":["quest_12601","quest_12599"],"featImg":"quest_66854","label":"quest_12599"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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