Fending off Invasive Species with Science, Education, and a Beer Can
Wind Energy and Wildlife: Nebraska Strives for Coexistence
Tough and Tasty: Recasting a Resilient Weed as a Wild Edible
Songbirds as a Measure of Farm Sustainability
Mercury Rises on Coal Costs
Bioplastic Boom
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As the Project Coordinator, her goal is to minimize potential impacts of wind energy development on wildlife through stakeholder collaboration, site selection, operation, mitigation, and outreach and education.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/71b717427f8de8437bd735f060899d49?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Caroline Jezierski | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/71b717427f8de8437bd735f060899d49?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/71b717427f8de8437bd735f060899d49?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/cjezierski"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_62510":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_62510","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"62510","score":null,"sort":[1387810842000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reconstructing-a-river-for-wildlife","title":"Reconstructing a River for Wildlife\t","publishDate":1387810842,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Nebraska/Radio/Stream/PlatteRestoration2013Quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every spring, millions of birds migrate through the Platte River in central Nebraska on their way north. They’ve been doing it for thousands of years. But as manmade demands on the river increase, year-round work is required to maintain the quality of the habitat, which is especially vital to endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting down to the edge of the central Platte River can be hard work. Brice Krohn, habitat manager for the Crane Trust, leads the way through a dense thicket until we arrive at a huge mechanized hoe. The disks’ massive, rotating metal blades have ground to a halt. And no wonder. It’s uprooting thick stands of invasive weeds, shrubs and young trees on the river’s edge. Krohn said the plants’ deep roots cause problems because they block the natural ebb and flow of water and sand that keep this river wide and shallow. Those plants also suck a lot of water out of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64825\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 381px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DSC_0986.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64825\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DSC_0986-381x253.jpg\" alt=\"One of the agricultural disks the Crane Trust uses to remove invasive weeds, shrubs and young trees from the river channel and banks. (Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News)\" width=\"381\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the agricultural disks the Crane Trust uses to remove invasive weeds, shrubs and young trees from the river channel and banks. (Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to help Mother Nature by going in and disking, tearing up the roots on some of these plant species, which will let the vegetation to die and sand will be more able to move around. If they stay there and grow, it would channelize the river,” Krohn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deep channels aren’t good for birds, Krohn said. They prefer a shallow, braided river with bare sandbars. That matters because we’re in prime crane territory. Millions of birds spend a few weeks here every spring, resting and fattening up on the surrounding grasslands and fields before continuing their migration north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cranes like a wide river, wide field of view, unobstructed view. They feel safe from predators when they’re roosting overnight in wide, shallow channels,” Krohn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve been migrating through the central Platte for thousands of years. But more recent demands from irrigators and cities have substantially changed the river. Krohn said today’s flows are only about a quarter of what they were historically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The old premise was a mile wide and a foot deep. So if we look now we’re sitting at, in some spots, 100 yards wide and three and four foot deep,” Krohn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64826\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 381px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DSC_0968.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64826\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DSC_0968-381x253.jpg\" alt=\"Crane Trust Habitat Manager Brice Krohn. (Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News)\" width=\"381\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crane Trust Habitat Manager Brice Krohn. (Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That powerful, much bigger river used to scour vegetation from the banks and channel—even more than it did during the recent flood that swept down from Colorado. Other factors played a role, too. “Historically, we know fires came through the area, we know the river was a broader scheme, bison used to graze through here,” Krohn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Crane Trust is hoping to mimic those natural forces on about 10,000 acres of river habitat on the big bend of the Platte. They’re tearing out trees and weeds, setting controlled burns and applying pesticides to rid the area of dense foliage. In addition, nearby landowners are grazing cattle on the banks and the Trust is reintroducing its own small herd of bison to help thin the vegetation. Krohn said without these efforts, we’d be losing more habitat every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t do anything today for it, the way the river is today will not be here for future generations,” Krohn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Trust isn’t the only group working on the river. A little further downstream, Jerry Kenny watches two huge disks churn through a dry channel of the Platte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64827\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 542px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DSC_1036.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-64827\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DSC_1036-542x360.jpg\" alt=\"Two larger disks in the dry river channel. They tear out vegetation to create open, wide channels that migrating birds prefer. (Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News)\" width=\"542\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two larger disks in the dry river channel. They tear out vegetation to create open, wide channels that migrating birds prefer. (Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The more water there is in the river the more challenging it is to operate the equipment,” Kenny said. Kenny is the executive director of the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program, which formed as a way to avoid lengthy court battles between Colorado, Wyoming and Nebraska over water rights and endangered species. The program is a collaborative effort between those states, the federal government, water users and conservation groups. It works to protect land and water for the threatened and endangered species in the Platte Basin: the whooping crane, interior least tern, pallid sturgeon and piping plover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The river wasn’t able to take care of itself under the constraints that we imposed upon it. At least to create the habitat that we think the species need—we need to step in and help restore that,” Kenny said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The six year-old program manages about 10,000 acres of habitat along the central Platte. And they’re working with Nebraska, Colorado and Wyoming on getting more water back in the river. One tactic is using federal funds to lease Platte river water from willing irrigators. Then, the Program can divert that water into reservoirs and release it back to the river at critical times when certain species need it—like during whooping crane migration—through what Kenny calls retiming: “You store water in a surface water reservoir when it’s a time of excess, you release it when it’s a time of shortage,” he explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64828\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/jerrykenny.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64828\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/jerrykenny-346x253.jpg\" alt=\"Jerry Kenny, executive director of the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program. (Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News)\" width=\"346\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerry Kenny, executive director of the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program. (Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They’re developing a new reservoir to store water, but another way to get more water is by paying people to use less of it. Kenny said that’s harder to quantify, and admits the program has been criticized by the community for spending a lot of money “on just a few birds.” He disagreed, “It’s not just for benefit of species, benefit of people who live in basin as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenny said by managing the river for the endangered species, they’re helping the states and water users avoid legal conflicts and further regulation over water rights in the future. The Program is continuing to study studying the most effective ways to manage land and water for species. Kenny said their research helps them understand the natural and man-made forces that shape the Platte and the species that depend on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Pulling up vegetation, starting fires, and letting animals graze on riverbanks are just some of the steps being taken to improve habitat for migrating birds, including endangered species. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1387314752,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1104},"headData":{"title":"Reconstructing a River for Wildlife | KQED","description":"Pulling up vegetation, starting fires, and letting animals graze on riverbanks are just some of the steps being taken to improve habitat for migrating birds, including endangered species. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Reconstructing a River for Wildlife\t","datePublished":"2013-12-23T15:00:42.000Z","dateModified":"2013-12-17T21:12:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"62510 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=62510","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/12/23/reconstructing-a-river-for-wildlife/","disqusTitle":"Reconstructing a River for Wildlife\t","path":"/quest/62510/reconstructing-a-river-for-wildlife","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Nebraska/Radio/Stream/PlatteRestoration2013Quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Nebraska/Radio/Stream/PlatteRestoration2013Quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every spring, millions of birds migrate through the Platte River in central Nebraska on their way north. They’ve been doing it for thousands of years. But as manmade demands on the river increase, year-round work is required to maintain the quality of the habitat, which is especially vital to endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting down to the edge of the central Platte River can be hard work. Brice Krohn, habitat manager for the Crane Trust, leads the way through a dense thicket until we arrive at a huge mechanized hoe. The disks’ massive, rotating metal blades have ground to a halt. And no wonder. It’s uprooting thick stands of invasive weeds, shrubs and young trees on the river’s edge. Krohn said the plants’ deep roots cause problems because they block the natural ebb and flow of water and sand that keep this river wide and shallow. Those plants also suck a lot of water out of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64825\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 381px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DSC_0986.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64825\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DSC_0986-381x253.jpg\" alt=\"One of the agricultural disks the Crane Trust uses to remove invasive weeds, shrubs and young trees from the river channel and banks. (Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News)\" width=\"381\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the agricultural disks the Crane Trust uses to remove invasive weeds, shrubs and young trees from the river channel and banks. (Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to help Mother Nature by going in and disking, tearing up the roots on some of these plant species, which will let the vegetation to die and sand will be more able to move around. If they stay there and grow, it would channelize the river,” Krohn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deep channels aren’t good for birds, Krohn said. They prefer a shallow, braided river with bare sandbars. That matters because we’re in prime crane territory. Millions of birds spend a few weeks here every spring, resting and fattening up on the surrounding grasslands and fields before continuing their migration north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cranes like a wide river, wide field of view, unobstructed view. They feel safe from predators when they’re roosting overnight in wide, shallow channels,” Krohn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve been migrating through the central Platte for thousands of years. But more recent demands from irrigators and cities have substantially changed the river. Krohn said today’s flows are only about a quarter of what they were historically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The old premise was a mile wide and a foot deep. So if we look now we’re sitting at, in some spots, 100 yards wide and three and four foot deep,” Krohn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64826\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 381px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DSC_0968.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64826\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DSC_0968-381x253.jpg\" alt=\"Crane Trust Habitat Manager Brice Krohn. (Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News)\" width=\"381\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crane Trust Habitat Manager Brice Krohn. (Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That powerful, much bigger river used to scour vegetation from the banks and channel—even more than it did during the recent flood that swept down from Colorado. Other factors played a role, too. “Historically, we know fires came through the area, we know the river was a broader scheme, bison used to graze through here,” Krohn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Crane Trust is hoping to mimic those natural forces on about 10,000 acres of river habitat on the big bend of the Platte. They’re tearing out trees and weeds, setting controlled burns and applying pesticides to rid the area of dense foliage. In addition, nearby landowners are grazing cattle on the banks and the Trust is reintroducing its own small herd of bison to help thin the vegetation. Krohn said without these efforts, we’d be losing more habitat every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t do anything today for it, the way the river is today will not be here for future generations,” Krohn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Trust isn’t the only group working on the river. A little further downstream, Jerry Kenny watches two huge disks churn through a dry channel of the Platte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64827\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 542px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DSC_1036.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-64827\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/DSC_1036-542x360.jpg\" alt=\"Two larger disks in the dry river channel. They tear out vegetation to create open, wide channels that migrating birds prefer. (Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News)\" width=\"542\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two larger disks in the dry river channel. They tear out vegetation to create open, wide channels that migrating birds prefer. (Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The more water there is in the river the more challenging it is to operate the equipment,” Kenny said. Kenny is the executive director of the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program, which formed as a way to avoid lengthy court battles between Colorado, Wyoming and Nebraska over water rights and endangered species. The program is a collaborative effort between those states, the federal government, water users and conservation groups. It works to protect land and water for the threatened and endangered species in the Platte Basin: the whooping crane, interior least tern, pallid sturgeon and piping plover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The river wasn’t able to take care of itself under the constraints that we imposed upon it. At least to create the habitat that we think the species need—we need to step in and help restore that,” Kenny said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The six year-old program manages about 10,000 acres of habitat along the central Platte. And they’re working with Nebraska, Colorado and Wyoming on getting more water back in the river. One tactic is using federal funds to lease Platte river water from willing irrigators. Then, the Program can divert that water into reservoirs and release it back to the river at critical times when certain species need it—like during whooping crane migration—through what Kenny calls retiming: “You store water in a surface water reservoir when it’s a time of excess, you release it when it’s a time of shortage,” he explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64828\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/jerrykenny.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64828\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/jerrykenny-346x253.jpg\" alt=\"Jerry Kenny, executive director of the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program. (Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News)\" width=\"346\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerry Kenny, executive director of the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program. (Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They’re developing a new reservoir to store water, but another way to get more water is by paying people to use less of it. Kenny said that’s harder to quantify, and admits the program has been criticized by the community for spending a lot of money “on just a few birds.” He disagreed, “It’s not just for benefit of species, benefit of people who live in basin as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenny said by managing the river for the endangered species, they’re helping the states and water users avoid legal conflicts and further regulation over water rights in the future. The Program is continuing to study studying the most effective ways to manage land and water for species. Kenny said their research helps them understand the natural and man-made forces that shape the Platte and the species that depend on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/62510/reconstructing-a-river-for-wildlife","authors":["10465"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_684","quest_12492","quest_980","quest_12269","quest_1291","quest_3930","quest_12490","quest_12491","quest_2349","quest_3289","quest_3108"],"featImg":"quest_64824","label":"quest"},"quest_55622":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_55622","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"55622","score":null,"sort":[1379340019000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fending-off-invasive-species-with-science-education-and-a-beer-can","title":"Fending off Invasive Species with Science, Education, and a Beer Can","publishDate":1379340019,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59531\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/081913buschlitecloseup.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59531\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/081913buschlitecloseup-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"081913buschlitecloseup\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The zebra mussel that was found on a beer can in an Omaha lake in 2010.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It probably isn’t the only empty beer can to have found its way to the floor of Zorinsky Lake in Omaha, Nebraska, and it probably won’t be the last. But in the story of a domestic battle that has had wide-ranging ecological and economic consequences, it is certainly the most significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addison Krebs, the Omaha Boy Scout who found the beer can on November 9, 2010, quickly became a hero to local biologists, ecologists, and water recreation enthusiasts -- not just because of his efforts to clean the lake of litter but also because of \u003ca href=\"http://www.omaha.com/article/20101125/NEWS01/711249794\">what he discovered in the process\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attached to the top rim of the beer can was the first zebra mussel ever found in a publicly accessible Nebraska lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relentlessly efficient breeders, zebra mussels have been spreading from the Great Lakes to waterways in eastern states and throughout the Rust Belt since 1986. Over the last decade they have steadily encroached upon the Great Plains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/taxgroup/mollusks/zebramussel/maps/zebraquaggamapanimation.gif\">\u003cimg class=\" \" style=\"border: 10px;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 15px\" src=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/taxgroup/mollusks/zebramussel/maps/zebraquaggamapanimation.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"355\" height=\"242\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This \u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/taxgroup/mollusks/zebramussel/\">US Geological Survey\u003c/a> map shows annual distribution of confirmed zebra and quagga mussel occurences in United States waters between 1986 and 2011. Click on the image to view an enlarged version.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Officials quickly reacted to Krebs’s discovery, draining the lake and freezing out any remaining threat. In the three years since (and despite exploding populations in the neighboring states of Kansas, Missouri, and Iowa), no established zebra mussel populations have been found within Nebraska’s borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fabled, mussel-sporting beer can from Omaha is now a trophy of sorts at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/pages/Nebraska-Invasive-Species-Project/356557141125\">Nebraska Invasive Species Project\u003c/a> headquarters at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The project works to increase public awareness of invasive species, which fosters the possibility of early detection and rapid eradication like that accomplished at \u003ca href=\"https://maps.google.com/maps?q=zorinsky+lake+omaha+ne&ll=41.22005,-96.161785&spn=0.056103,0.131922&client=safari&oe=UTF-8&hnear=Zorinsky+Lake&gl=us&t=h&z=14\">Zorinsky Lake\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodney Verhoeff coordinated the project during Nebraska’s spring and summer boating season of 2013. He says that when future generations reflect on the health and stability of native ecosystems, current efforts to control invasive species like zebra mussels will be a part of our generation’s legacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because we’re in this age of information, we know better. So, given the fact that we’ve done the research and have the knowledge, I’d say we have the responsibility, even the obligation, to do something about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s at stake if we don’t? Lots of money, for one thing. Unchecked populations of mussels can quickly colonize the insides of pipes and attach to the hard surfaces of water-based infrastructures, problems that potentially cost millions of dollars to fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the real victims are the native species that normally support functional, productive ecosystems. Verhoeff warns that an invasive species like the zebra mussel can throw off an entire ecosystem’s balance, or “biological homeostasis.” One of his biggest concerns is that even the professionals who pay close attention to the intricacies of ecosystems don’t know all the consequences of an invasive species running wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60251\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/shoe.gif\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-60251 \" style=\"border: 1px solid orange;margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 5px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/shoe-640x360.gif\" alt=\"shoe\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A shoe encrusted by quagga mussels--a relative to the zebra mussel--at the Nebraska Invasive Species Project headquarters. Quagga mussels behave similarly to zebra mussels and are another a major concern in the United States. See \u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/taxgroup/mollusks/zebramussel/maps/current_zm_quag_map.jpg\">this USGS map\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When you take something so complex, like a web, and you pluck one little part out, you think it has no impact, but it could have huge, huge impacts elsewhere,” Verhoeff explains. “So, it’s much better to take a proactive approach rather than a reactive approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides public education, the Nebraska Invasive Species Project takes a proactive approach by regularly gathering water samples from Nebraska lakes and searching for microscopic zebra mussel veligers (the zebra mussel’s larval stage). Evidence of veligers would trigger a rapid and thorough response at the lake from which it was pulled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None have been found yet, but with so many nearby lakes impacted and the relatively low levels of state-funded resources available to fight these invasives, it’s hard to imagine that Nebraska’s streak of luck will last forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verhoeff wants to see an expanded state policy, such as mandatory boat inspections like \u003ca href=\"http://wildlife.state.co.us/Fishing/Management/MandatoryBoatInspections/Pages/MandatoryBoatInspections.aspx\">those implemented in Colorado\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says there is great support for that because, “people on the water understand that this is a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some are economically driven and some are recreationally driven because they know what this could do to our fisheries,” he says. “And then there’s another group that just understands that it’s our job to be good stewards of the environment, that it’s our obligation to take care of these natural communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"slideshow\" link=\"file\" ids=\"60213,60211,60214,60212,60216,60217\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"How an alert Boy Scout, hard working biologists, and continued vigilance have helped one Great Plains state remain free of invasive zebra mussels -- for now. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1379541208,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":true,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":825},"headData":{"title":"Fending off Invasive Species with Science, Education, and a Beer Can | KQED","description":"How an alert Boy Scout, hard working biologists, and continued vigilance have helped one Great Plains state remain free of invasive zebra mussels -- for now. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Fending off Invasive Species with Science, Education, and a Beer Can","datePublished":"2013-09-16T14:00:19.000Z","dateModified":"2013-09-18T21:53:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"55622 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=55622","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/09/16/fending-off-invasive-species-with-science-education-and-a-beer-can/","disqusTitle":"Fending off Invasive Species with Science, Education, and a Beer Can","path":"/quest/55622/fending-off-invasive-species-with-science-education-and-a-beer-can","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59531\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/081913buschlitecloseup.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59531\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/081913buschlitecloseup-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"081913buschlitecloseup\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The zebra mussel that was found on a beer can in an Omaha lake in 2010.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It probably isn’t the only empty beer can to have found its way to the floor of Zorinsky Lake in Omaha, Nebraska, and it probably won’t be the last. But in the story of a domestic battle that has had wide-ranging ecological and economic consequences, it is certainly the most significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addison Krebs, the Omaha Boy Scout who found the beer can on November 9, 2010, quickly became a hero to local biologists, ecologists, and water recreation enthusiasts -- not just because of his efforts to clean the lake of litter but also because of \u003ca href=\"http://www.omaha.com/article/20101125/NEWS01/711249794\">what he discovered in the process\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attached to the top rim of the beer can was the first zebra mussel ever found in a publicly accessible Nebraska lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relentlessly efficient breeders, zebra mussels have been spreading from the Great Lakes to waterways in eastern states and throughout the Rust Belt since 1986. Over the last decade they have steadily encroached upon the Great Plains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/taxgroup/mollusks/zebramussel/maps/zebraquaggamapanimation.gif\">\u003cimg class=\" \" style=\"border: 10px;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 15px\" src=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/taxgroup/mollusks/zebramussel/maps/zebraquaggamapanimation.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"355\" height=\"242\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This \u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/taxgroup/mollusks/zebramussel/\">US Geological Survey\u003c/a> map shows annual distribution of confirmed zebra and quagga mussel occurences in United States waters between 1986 and 2011. Click on the image to view an enlarged version.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Officials quickly reacted to Krebs’s discovery, draining the lake and freezing out any remaining threat. In the three years since (and despite exploding populations in the neighboring states of Kansas, Missouri, and Iowa), no established zebra mussel populations have been found within Nebraska’s borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fabled, mussel-sporting beer can from Omaha is now a trophy of sorts at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/pages/Nebraska-Invasive-Species-Project/356557141125\">Nebraska Invasive Species Project\u003c/a> headquarters at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The project works to increase public awareness of invasive species, which fosters the possibility of early detection and rapid eradication like that accomplished at \u003ca href=\"https://maps.google.com/maps?q=zorinsky+lake+omaha+ne&ll=41.22005,-96.161785&spn=0.056103,0.131922&client=safari&oe=UTF-8&hnear=Zorinsky+Lake&gl=us&t=h&z=14\">Zorinsky Lake\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodney Verhoeff coordinated the project during Nebraska’s spring and summer boating season of 2013. He says that when future generations reflect on the health and stability of native ecosystems, current efforts to control invasive species like zebra mussels will be a part of our generation’s legacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because we’re in this age of information, we know better. So, given the fact that we’ve done the research and have the knowledge, I’d say we have the responsibility, even the obligation, to do something about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s at stake if we don’t? Lots of money, for one thing. Unchecked populations of mussels can quickly colonize the insides of pipes and attach to the hard surfaces of water-based infrastructures, problems that potentially cost millions of dollars to fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the real victims are the native species that normally support functional, productive ecosystems. Verhoeff warns that an invasive species like the zebra mussel can throw off an entire ecosystem’s balance, or “biological homeostasis.” One of his biggest concerns is that even the professionals who pay close attention to the intricacies of ecosystems don’t know all the consequences of an invasive species running wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60251\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/shoe.gif\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-60251 \" style=\"border: 1px solid orange;margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 5px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/shoe-640x360.gif\" alt=\"shoe\" width=\"403\" height=\"227\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A shoe encrusted by quagga mussels--a relative to the zebra mussel--at the Nebraska Invasive Species Project headquarters. Quagga mussels behave similarly to zebra mussels and are another a major concern in the United States. See \u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/taxgroup/mollusks/zebramussel/maps/current_zm_quag_map.jpg\">this USGS map\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When you take something so complex, like a web, and you pluck one little part out, you think it has no impact, but it could have huge, huge impacts elsewhere,” Verhoeff explains. “So, it’s much better to take a proactive approach rather than a reactive approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides public education, the Nebraska Invasive Species Project takes a proactive approach by regularly gathering water samples from Nebraska lakes and searching for microscopic zebra mussel veligers (the zebra mussel’s larval stage). Evidence of veligers would trigger a rapid and thorough response at the lake from which it was pulled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None have been found yet, but with so many nearby lakes impacted and the relatively low levels of state-funded resources available to fight these invasives, it’s hard to imagine that Nebraska’s streak of luck will last forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verhoeff wants to see an expanded state policy, such as mandatory boat inspections like \u003ca href=\"http://wildlife.state.co.us/Fishing/Management/MandatoryBoatInspections/Pages/MandatoryBoatInspections.aspx\">those implemented in Colorado\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says there is great support for that because, “people on the water understand that this is a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some are economically driven and some are recreationally driven because they know what this could do to our fisheries,” he says. “And then there’s another group that just understands that it’s our job to be good stewards of the environment, that it’s our obligation to take care of these natural communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"gallery","attributes":{"named":{"type":"slideshow","link":"file","ids":"60213,60211,60214,60212,60216,60217","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/55622/fending-off-invasive-species-with-science-education-and-a-beer-can","authors":["10447"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_12242","quest_326","quest_12248","quest_12243","quest_684","quest_13196","quest_1103","quest_12269","quest_12246","quest_1489","quest_3930","quest_9933","quest_12245","quest_3289","quest_12244","quest_2530","quest_12060","quest_10511","quest_12247","quest_12241"],"featImg":"quest_60368","label":"quest"},"quest_55003":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_55003","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"55003","score":null,"sort":[1377093654000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"wind-energy-and-wildlife-nebraska-strives-for-coexistence","title":"Wind Energy and Wildlife: Nebraska Strives for Coexistence","publishDate":1377093654,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3357,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/brokenbow1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59170 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/brokenbow1-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"brokenbow1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A wind turbine towers above a typical Nebraska landscape near the small, centrally-located city of Broken Bow. Photo by Caroline Jezierski\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">Community Contributor |\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> Caroline Jezierski, Project Coordinator - Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind energy development has increased substantially in the United States in recent years, from 2,742 megawatts (MW) of installed capacity in 1999 to more than 60,000 MW in 2012. You might expect that the windiest states would be the ones making the greatest strides in harnessing this renewable energy resource, but that isn’t always the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nebraska, in the center of the country and the heart of the Great Plains, ranks fourth nationally in terms of wind resources, but development has been noticeably slower than in neighboring states with fewer wind resources, such as Iowa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that if Nebraska had 1,000 MW of wind energy (more than 500 large-scale wind turbines), the carbon dioxide (CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>) reduction would be 4.1 million tons per year. \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.html\">That 4.1 million tons of CO\u003csub>2 \u003c/sub>is equivalent\u003c/a> to the annual greenhouse gas emissions from 854,167 passenger vehicles, or the amount of carbon sequestered annually by 3,360,656 acres of U.S. forests. Numbers like these make it easy to understand why concerned citizens of the world are advocating for more renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But developing wind energy resources is a complicated process no matter where they are. A series of steps must be taken in order for a project to succeed, including identifying suitable wind resource and transmission capacity, contracting with landowners, signing power purchase agreements, securing financial backing, conducting environmental and historical preservation surveys, investigating zoning regulations, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Nebraska, developing a \u003ca href=\"http://snr.unl.edu/renewableenergy/wind/index.asp\">wind energy project\u003c/a> also depends on some unique variables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59058\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/sidebyside.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59058 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/sidebyside-640x239.png\" alt=\"sidebyside\" width=\"640\" height=\"239\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On the left is a map of developed wind-generated megawatts of power per state (as of 2012), on the right is a map of average wind speeds 80 meters above ground-level. How much wind is your state harnessing for energy? Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, the ideal location for wind power facilities is in remote areas, and the energy produced needs to reach population centers that can be hundreds of miles away. Available transmission in these remote areas can be challenging to locate. Since Nebraska is the only state with 100 percent publicly owned power, the transmission lines are mostly constructed, owned, and operated by public entities. This makes for a very efficient grid with little excess capacity on the lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nebraska also hosts hundreds of resident and migratory wildlife species, some of which could be adversely impacted by wind energy development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59115\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 323px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/WhoopingCrane_WikimediaCommons_USDA.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59115 \" style=\"margin: 5px 3px;border: 1px solid black\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/WhoopingCrane_WikimediaCommons_USDA-539x360.jpg\" alt=\"WhoopingCrane_WikimediaCommons_USDA\" width=\"323\" height=\"216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This photograph from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/41284017@N08/6885949371\">US Department of Agriculture\u003c/a> shows the endangered whooping crane in flight. The population of this majestic bird has seen a resurgence since a brush with extinction in the 1940s, but wind farms on their migration routes through the Unites States' midsection could pose serious risks to their safety.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59035\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 323px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/windwildlife-impact-map.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59035 \" style=\"margin: 20px 3px;border: 1px solid black\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/windwildlife-impact-map.png\" alt=\"wind:wildlife impact map\" width=\"323\" height=\"216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map from the \u003ca href=\"http://outdoornebraska.ne.gov/wildlife/pdfs/wildlifewind.pdf\">Nebraska Game and Parks Commission\u003c/a> shows biologically sensitive areas in the state. It was designed to assist developers as they determine environmentally prudent locations for potential wind energy facilities. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wind and Wildlife\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential impacts of wind energy development and operation on wildlife and habitats are not fully understood. They vary greatly depending on the location of the facility. Some of the direct impacts include deaths that result when birds and bats collide with wind turbines, and habitat loss from the construction of roads, turbine pads, and other structures. According to a recent study, it’s estimated that more than 570,000 birds and 880,000 bats were killed in one year with 51,630 MW of installed wind energy capacity in the U.S. Indirect impacts can include the displacement of wildlife as a result of habitat fragmentation, or animals being forced to alter migration and/or movement patterns to avoid the turbines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind energy development within the Central Flyway is a particular concern in Nebraska. The Flyway is a major international migratory corridor that passes through the center of the state. In the Rainwater Basin and on the Platte River to the north, millions of migrating waterfowl, cranes, and shorebirds rest and feed in the wetlands, croplands, and river channels during their biannual journeys. The sheer number of birds during the spring migration, including the endangered whooping crane (\u003cem>Grus americana\u003c/em>), makes developing wind energy in the area a great concern for conservation groups and fish and wildlife management agencies. Because whooping cranes are protected by the Endangered Species Act, killing them carries the threat of serious fines and/or imprisonment. This worries wind energy developers as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To minimize, and ideally avoid, collisions, developers are urged to meet with state and federal fish and wildlife agencies and not place turbines in areas heavily used by birds and bats. Researchers are also finding ways to help reduce the incidence of collisions in areas where bat fatalities occur. These include feathering the turbine blades when they aren’t producing energy and increasing the wind speed at which the turbines start to turn. This minimizes the amount of time the blades are turning at lower wind speeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Proceeding Carefully\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A transition from fossil fuel-based energy sources to renewable energy sources is being championed as a way to help minimize the impacts of climate change and save plant and wildlife species. However, development of these energy sources should proceed carefully. Research to evaluate the impacts of wind energy on wildlife has been conducted throughout the country. It can help inform wind energy development decisions in Nebraska and beyond. Through careful evaluation of the location and operation of each wind energy facility, this renewable resource can be developed while also protecting wildlife and habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59418\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/THORST10341.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59418\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/THORST10341-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"THORST1034\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov\">US Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/a> photograph shows migrating snow geese in central Nebraska. Together, Nebraskans and renewable energy developers are working to ensure that scenes like these are not disrupted by wind turbines.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nebraska Wind Energy and Wildlife Project: \u003ca href=\"http://snr.unl.edu/renewableenergy/wind/index.asp\">http://snr.unl.edu/renewableenergy/wind/index.asp\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The unique dynamics of developing wind energy in Nebraska may benefit wildlife, habitats, and developers throughout the country. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1377098370,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":1029},"headData":{"title":"Wind Energy and Wildlife: Nebraska Strives for Coexistence | KQED","description":"The unique dynamics of developing wind energy in Nebraska may benefit wildlife, habitats, and developers throughout the country. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Wind Energy and Wildlife: Nebraska Strives for Coexistence","datePublished":"2013-08-21T14:00:54.000Z","dateModified":"2013-08-21T15:19:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"55003 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=55003","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/08/21/wind-energy-and-wildlife-nebraska-strives-for-coexistence/","disqusTitle":"Wind Energy and Wildlife: Nebraska Strives for Coexistence","path":"/quest/55003/wind-energy-and-wildlife-nebraska-strives-for-coexistence","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/brokenbow1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59170 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/brokenbow1-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"brokenbow1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A wind turbine towers above a typical Nebraska landscape near the small, centrally-located city of Broken Bow. Photo by Caroline Jezierski\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">Community Contributor |\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> Caroline Jezierski, Project Coordinator - Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind energy development has increased substantially in the United States in recent years, from 2,742 megawatts (MW) of installed capacity in 1999 to more than 60,000 MW in 2012. You might expect that the windiest states would be the ones making the greatest strides in harnessing this renewable energy resource, but that isn’t always the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nebraska, in the center of the country and the heart of the Great Plains, ranks fourth nationally in terms of wind resources, but development has been noticeably slower than in neighboring states with fewer wind resources, such as Iowa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that if Nebraska had 1,000 MW of wind energy (more than 500 large-scale wind turbines), the carbon dioxide (CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>) reduction would be 4.1 million tons per year. \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.html\">That 4.1 million tons of CO\u003csub>2 \u003c/sub>is equivalent\u003c/a> to the annual greenhouse gas emissions from 854,167 passenger vehicles, or the amount of carbon sequestered annually by 3,360,656 acres of U.S. forests. Numbers like these make it easy to understand why concerned citizens of the world are advocating for more renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But developing wind energy resources is a complicated process no matter where they are. A series of steps must be taken in order for a project to succeed, including identifying suitable wind resource and transmission capacity, contracting with landowners, signing power purchase agreements, securing financial backing, conducting environmental and historical preservation surveys, investigating zoning regulations, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Nebraska, developing a \u003ca href=\"http://snr.unl.edu/renewableenergy/wind/index.asp\">wind energy project\u003c/a> also depends on some unique variables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59058\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/sidebyside.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59058 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/sidebyside-640x239.png\" alt=\"sidebyside\" width=\"640\" height=\"239\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On the left is a map of developed wind-generated megawatts of power per state (as of 2012), on the right is a map of average wind speeds 80 meters above ground-level. How much wind is your state harnessing for energy? Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, the ideal location for wind power facilities is in remote areas, and the energy produced needs to reach population centers that can be hundreds of miles away. Available transmission in these remote areas can be challenging to locate. Since Nebraska is the only state with 100 percent publicly owned power, the transmission lines are mostly constructed, owned, and operated by public entities. This makes for a very efficient grid with little excess capacity on the lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nebraska also hosts hundreds of resident and migratory wildlife species, some of which could be adversely impacted by wind energy development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59115\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 323px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/WhoopingCrane_WikimediaCommons_USDA.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59115 \" style=\"margin: 5px 3px;border: 1px solid black\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/WhoopingCrane_WikimediaCommons_USDA-539x360.jpg\" alt=\"WhoopingCrane_WikimediaCommons_USDA\" width=\"323\" height=\"216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This photograph from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/41284017@N08/6885949371\">US Department of Agriculture\u003c/a> shows the endangered whooping crane in flight. The population of this majestic bird has seen a resurgence since a brush with extinction in the 1940s, but wind farms on their migration routes through the Unites States' midsection could pose serious risks to their safety.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59035\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 323px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/windwildlife-impact-map.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59035 \" style=\"margin: 20px 3px;border: 1px solid black\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/windwildlife-impact-map.png\" alt=\"wind:wildlife impact map\" width=\"323\" height=\"216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map from the \u003ca href=\"http://outdoornebraska.ne.gov/wildlife/pdfs/wildlifewind.pdf\">Nebraska Game and Parks Commission\u003c/a> shows biologically sensitive areas in the state. It was designed to assist developers as they determine environmentally prudent locations for potential wind energy facilities. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wind and Wildlife\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential impacts of wind energy development and operation on wildlife and habitats are not fully understood. They vary greatly depending on the location of the facility. Some of the direct impacts include deaths that result when birds and bats collide with wind turbines, and habitat loss from the construction of roads, turbine pads, and other structures. According to a recent study, it’s estimated that more than 570,000 birds and 880,000 bats were killed in one year with 51,630 MW of installed wind energy capacity in the U.S. Indirect impacts can include the displacement of wildlife as a result of habitat fragmentation, or animals being forced to alter migration and/or movement patterns to avoid the turbines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind energy development within the Central Flyway is a particular concern in Nebraska. The Flyway is a major international migratory corridor that passes through the center of the state. In the Rainwater Basin and on the Platte River to the north, millions of migrating waterfowl, cranes, and shorebirds rest and feed in the wetlands, croplands, and river channels during their biannual journeys. The sheer number of birds during the spring migration, including the endangered whooping crane (\u003cem>Grus americana\u003c/em>), makes developing wind energy in the area a great concern for conservation groups and fish and wildlife management agencies. Because whooping cranes are protected by the Endangered Species Act, killing them carries the threat of serious fines and/or imprisonment. This worries wind energy developers as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To minimize, and ideally avoid, collisions, developers are urged to meet with state and federal fish and wildlife agencies and not place turbines in areas heavily used by birds and bats. Researchers are also finding ways to help reduce the incidence of collisions in areas where bat fatalities occur. These include feathering the turbine blades when they aren’t producing energy and increasing the wind speed at which the turbines start to turn. This minimizes the amount of time the blades are turning at lower wind speeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Proceeding Carefully\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A transition from fossil fuel-based energy sources to renewable energy sources is being championed as a way to help minimize the impacts of climate change and save plant and wildlife species. However, development of these energy sources should proceed carefully. Research to evaluate the impacts of wind energy on wildlife has been conducted throughout the country. It can help inform wind energy development decisions in Nebraska and beyond. Through careful evaluation of the location and operation of each wind energy facility, this renewable resource can be developed while also protecting wildlife and habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59418\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/THORST10341.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59418\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/THORST10341-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"THORST1034\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov\">US Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/a> photograph shows migrating snow geese in central Nebraska. Together, Nebraskans and renewable energy developers are working to ensure that scenes like these are not disrupted by wind turbines.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nebraska Wind Energy and Wildlife Project: \u003ca href=\"http://snr.unl.edu/renewableenergy/wind/index.asp\">http://snr.unl.edu/renewableenergy/wind/index.asp\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/55003/wind-energy-and-wildlife-nebraska-strives-for-coexistence","authors":["10483"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_11765","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_3322","quest_3930","quest_3929","quest_2349","quest_3289","quest_2409","quest_2499","quest_3165"],"collections":["quest_3357"],"featImg":"quest_59170","label":"quest_3357"},"quest_53521":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_53521","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"53521","score":null,"sort":[1375192807000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"purslane-resilient-weed-wild-edible","title":"Tough and Tasty: Recasting a Resilient Weed as a Wild Edible ","publishDate":1375192807,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58462\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/ross1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-58462 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/ross1-640x358.png\" alt=\"ross\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>(Photo by Jon Augustine/QUEST)\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If a farmer told you \u003cstrong>not \u003c/strong>to pull a weed, would you be worried about him? Maybe you’d insist he get out of the heat and drink some water, or take a vacation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, that farmer may have good reason to protect his weeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the middle of July 2012, the costliest drought in recorded history had Nebraska in its grip. Not a sprinkle of rain had fallen on Ross Brockley’s farm since June 4, and wouldn’t again until July 31. His half-dozen acres of vegetable gardens were green thanks only to constant watering by hand and diligent weeding performed by Brockley, his wife, Barb, and me, his lone farmhand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in the southeast corner of the state, residents had spent their summer watching scorched soil crack and fields of crops turn brown. On this particular day I noticed a very healthy plant in an empty garden bed. It didn’t resemble anything I recognized as food so I pulled it up.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Even amid the dead stalks of drought-stricken corn, purslane was defiantly rearing its little red branches.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Don’t do that!” Brockley yelped from across the garden. “I’m saving it,” he said sternly. “We’ll eat that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Really?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plant looked like a bundle of long red worms, each with several green oval-shaped cartoon ears. It looked more like something suited for a compost pile than a cultivated garden. This drought had clearly taken a toll on Brockley’s mental state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He picked up the plant I had just discarded, broke off two stems, and put one in his mouth. He held the other in front of my face, indicating that I was to follow his lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s purslane,” he said as he chewed, “and it’s primo!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I hesitantly took a bite and chewed it slowly. “Peppery,” I thought. The crunch felt like a snap pea with the skin of an apple. Then came a blast of citrus flavor. I would have told Brockley that I enjoyed it, but I couldn’t bring myself to interrupt his obvious state of food bliss. I simply looked on as he finished eating the entire plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cobject width=\"560\" height=\"315\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"//www.youtube.com/v/HubIGpwJFkE?version=3&hl=en_US\">\u003cparam name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cembed width=\"560\" height=\"315\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/HubIGpwJFkE?version=3&hl=en_US\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After this introduction to purslane, I started seeing it everywhere -- from my yard to cracks in sidewalks to the shoulders of gravel roads. Even amid the dead stalks of drought-stricken corn, purslane was defiantly rearing its little red branches. The stuff seemed to be laughing in the face of the unrelenting dry spell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wondered if my conditioned aversion to weeds had been keeping me from trying other wild edibles, so I sought out an expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/purslaneoxtailsoup-1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/purslaneoxtailsoup-1.png\" alt=\"purslaneoxtailsoup-1\" width=\"242\" height=\"747\">\u003c/a>Kay Young is a local legend among plant people. In 1993, she authored \u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/lhy55p6\">\u003cstrong>Wild Seasons: Gathering and Cooking Wild Plants of the Great Plains\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, and has been active in Lincoln’s gardening community for decades. The 82-year-old has dedicated her life to local folklore, horticulture, and ethnobotany. A quick tour of her backyard revealed a variety of nurtured plants that one would expect to see in a yard-waste bin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She walked me around her property, showing off several edible plants that occur naturally in our prairie ecosystems. We nipped at milkweed, lambsquarter, various flower blossoms, dandelions, and more. Young’s current favorite is Virginia mountain mint, which is native to Nebraska. It makes a refreshing, sugar-free drink when refrigerated in a pitcher of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At her driveway we snacked on purslane that she’d planted in flowerpots. She recommended including the leaves in tacos and burritos and praised its ability to replace less reliable greens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you make a sandwich with mayonnaise or salad dressing, it doesn’t get wimpy the way lettuce does,” she said of purslane’s hardy leaves. “And in the summer, when the lettuce is getting bitter, purslane is still just wonderful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, so with minimal to no help, purslane and other wild plants are thriving during the country’s worst drought in decades. On top of that, they taste good. But the label “edible” is just a nice way of saying it’s something to chew on that won’t kill you, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wrong. For instance, purslane might be one of the healthiest greens out there. \u003ca href=\"http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0716-97602004000200013&script=sci_arttext\">A study by the Center for Genetics, Nutrition and Health,\u003c/a> a nonprofit research organization in Washington, D.C., states that purslane is the “richest source of omega-3 fatty acids of any green leafy vegetable yet examined.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omega-3 fatty acids contribute to proper metabolism, and according to the same report, their presence is waning in a Western diet that strays from nutrient sources that humans evolved to need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In developing new sources of food, the study of dietary composition of wild plants is essential,” the report concludes. “Their cultivation should lead to increased production of plants rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants, both of which reduce the risk of chronic diseases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Reading this made me wonder why we weren’t cultivating nutritious, drought-tolerant weeds like purslane. Could some of these wild edibles become dinner-table staples in the near future?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/purslane_breakoutphoto.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-58260\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/purslane_breakoutphoto-640x325.png\" alt=\"purslane_breakoutphoto\" width=\"640\" height=\"325\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To answer that question I visited Bob Henrickson, an assistant director of the \u003ca href=\"http://arboretum.unl.edu\">Nebraska State Arboretum\u003c/a> at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henrickson agreed that people are failing themselves by not indulging in the prairie’s naturally occurring food sources. He acknowledged that cultivating these so-called weeds would require less water and potentially reduce the need for pesticides and chemical fertilizers, but he was not optimistic that vast fields of purslane, milkweed, or gooseberries would soon replace the established, lucrative crops of the Great Plains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re never gonna outcompete corn and beans,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He suggested that the best chance to get wild edibles onto dinner plates on a larger scale is to introduce them to urban gardeners who grow food to support their own dietary values and not their pocketbooks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Use them with the attitude that ‘it’s going to enhance my food,’ not that ‘I’m going to save me and the planet,’ and you’ll find yourself using them more and more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at the farm, Brockley agrees with that sentiment. He just wants to see his customers using common sense in their relationship with purslane instead of worrying about his mental health when he eats it in front of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People say, ‘That stuff grows in the cracks of my sidewalk. I don’t want to eat that.’ But when you think about it, it’s growing in the cracks of sidewalks during the worst drought of most of our lives. Isn’t that exactly what you want to eat?” asks Brockley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever is in that plant, keeping it alive and healthy,” he adds, “I want in my blood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Find out why some residents of a drought-plagued state are welcoming a weed to their gardens—and their dinner plates.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1375399144,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1205},"headData":{"title":"Tough and Tasty: Recasting a Resilient Weed as a Wild Edible | KQED","description":"Find out why some residents of a drought-plagued state are welcoming a weed to their gardens—and their dinner plates.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Tough and Tasty: Recasting a Resilient Weed as a Wild Edible ","datePublished":"2013-07-30T14:00:07.000Z","dateModified":"2013-08-01T23:19:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"53521 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=53521","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/07/30/purslane-resilient-weed-wild-edible/","disqusTitle":"Tough and Tasty: Recasting a Resilient Weed as a Wild Edible ","path":"/quest/53521/purslane-resilient-weed-wild-edible","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58462\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/ross1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-58462 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/ross1-640x358.png\" alt=\"ross\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>(Photo by Jon Augustine/QUEST)\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If a farmer told you \u003cstrong>not \u003c/strong>to pull a weed, would you be worried about him? Maybe you’d insist he get out of the heat and drink some water, or take a vacation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, that farmer may have good reason to protect his weeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the middle of July 2012, the costliest drought in recorded history had Nebraska in its grip. Not a sprinkle of rain had fallen on Ross Brockley’s farm since June 4, and wouldn’t again until July 31. His half-dozen acres of vegetable gardens were green thanks only to constant watering by hand and diligent weeding performed by Brockley, his wife, Barb, and me, his lone farmhand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in the southeast corner of the state, residents had spent their summer watching scorched soil crack and fields of crops turn brown. On this particular day I noticed a very healthy plant in an empty garden bed. It didn’t resemble anything I recognized as food so I pulled it up.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Even amid the dead stalks of drought-stricken corn, purslane was defiantly rearing its little red branches.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Don’t do that!” Brockley yelped from across the garden. “I’m saving it,” he said sternly. “We’ll eat that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Really?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plant looked like a bundle of long red worms, each with several green oval-shaped cartoon ears. It looked more like something suited for a compost pile than a cultivated garden. This drought had clearly taken a toll on Brockley’s mental state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He picked up the plant I had just discarded, broke off two stems, and put one in his mouth. He held the other in front of my face, indicating that I was to follow his lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s purslane,” he said as he chewed, “and it’s primo!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I hesitantly took a bite and chewed it slowly. “Peppery,” I thought. The crunch felt like a snap pea with the skin of an apple. Then came a blast of citrus flavor. I would have told Brockley that I enjoyed it, but I couldn’t bring myself to interrupt his obvious state of food bliss. I simply looked on as he finished eating the entire plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cobject width=\"560\" height=\"315\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"//www.youtube.com/v/HubIGpwJFkE?version=3&hl=en_US\">\u003cparam name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cembed width=\"560\" height=\"315\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/HubIGpwJFkE?version=3&hl=en_US\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After this introduction to purslane, I started seeing it everywhere -- from my yard to cracks in sidewalks to the shoulders of gravel roads. Even amid the dead stalks of drought-stricken corn, purslane was defiantly rearing its little red branches. The stuff seemed to be laughing in the face of the unrelenting dry spell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wondered if my conditioned aversion to weeds had been keeping me from trying other wild edibles, so I sought out an expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/purslaneoxtailsoup-1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/purslaneoxtailsoup-1.png\" alt=\"purslaneoxtailsoup-1\" width=\"242\" height=\"747\">\u003c/a>Kay Young is a local legend among plant people. In 1993, she authored \u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/lhy55p6\">\u003cstrong>Wild Seasons: Gathering and Cooking Wild Plants of the Great Plains\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, and has been active in Lincoln’s gardening community for decades. The 82-year-old has dedicated her life to local folklore, horticulture, and ethnobotany. A quick tour of her backyard revealed a variety of nurtured plants that one would expect to see in a yard-waste bin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She walked me around her property, showing off several edible plants that occur naturally in our prairie ecosystems. We nipped at milkweed, lambsquarter, various flower blossoms, dandelions, and more. Young’s current favorite is Virginia mountain mint, which is native to Nebraska. It makes a refreshing, sugar-free drink when refrigerated in a pitcher of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At her driveway we snacked on purslane that she’d planted in flowerpots. She recommended including the leaves in tacos and burritos and praised its ability to replace less reliable greens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you make a sandwich with mayonnaise or salad dressing, it doesn’t get wimpy the way lettuce does,” she said of purslane’s hardy leaves. “And in the summer, when the lettuce is getting bitter, purslane is still just wonderful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, so with minimal to no help, purslane and other wild plants are thriving during the country’s worst drought in decades. On top of that, they taste good. But the label “edible” is just a nice way of saying it’s something to chew on that won’t kill you, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wrong. For instance, purslane might be one of the healthiest greens out there. \u003ca href=\"http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0716-97602004000200013&script=sci_arttext\">A study by the Center for Genetics, Nutrition and Health,\u003c/a> a nonprofit research organization in Washington, D.C., states that purslane is the “richest source of omega-3 fatty acids of any green leafy vegetable yet examined.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omega-3 fatty acids contribute to proper metabolism, and according to the same report, their presence is waning in a Western diet that strays from nutrient sources that humans evolved to need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In developing new sources of food, the study of dietary composition of wild plants is essential,” the report concludes. “Their cultivation should lead to increased production of plants rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants, both of which reduce the risk of chronic diseases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Reading this made me wonder why we weren’t cultivating nutritious, drought-tolerant weeds like purslane. Could some of these wild edibles become dinner-table staples in the near future?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/purslane_breakoutphoto.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-58260\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/purslane_breakoutphoto-640x325.png\" alt=\"purslane_breakoutphoto\" width=\"640\" height=\"325\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To answer that question I visited Bob Henrickson, an assistant director of the \u003ca href=\"http://arboretum.unl.edu\">Nebraska State Arboretum\u003c/a> at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henrickson agreed that people are failing themselves by not indulging in the prairie’s naturally occurring food sources. He acknowledged that cultivating these so-called weeds would require less water and potentially reduce the need for pesticides and chemical fertilizers, but he was not optimistic that vast fields of purslane, milkweed, or gooseberries would soon replace the established, lucrative crops of the Great Plains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re never gonna outcompete corn and beans,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He suggested that the best chance to get wild edibles onto dinner plates on a larger scale is to introduce them to urban gardeners who grow food to support their own dietary values and not their pocketbooks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Use them with the attitude that ‘it’s going to enhance my food,’ not that ‘I’m going to save me and the planet,’ and you’ll find yourself using them more and more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at the farm, Brockley agrees with that sentiment. He just wants to see his customers using common sense in their relationship with purslane instead of worrying about his mental health when he eats it in front of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People say, ‘That stuff grows in the cracks of my sidewalk. I don’t want to eat that.’ But when you think about it, it’s growing in the cracks of sidewalks during the worst drought of most of our lives. Isn’t that exactly what you want to eat?” asks Brockley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever is in that plant, keeping it alive and healthy,” he adds, “I want in my blood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/53521/purslane-resilient-weed-wild-edible","authors":["10447"],"categories":["quest_3229"],"tags":["quest_85","quest_12173","quest_12171","quest_830","quest_886","quest_12174","quest_12175","quest_12168","quest_1073","quest_1122","quest_12169","quest_9934","quest_3930","quest_12172","quest_2022","quest_12167","quest_3289","quest_12170","quest_12176","quest_13364","quest_12060","quest_10511","quest_9885"],"featImg":"quest_58461","label":"quest"},"quest_27960":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_27960","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"27960","score":null,"sort":[1323190813000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"songbirds-as-a-measure-of-farm-sustainability","title":"Songbirds as a Measure of Farm Sustainability","publishDate":1323190813,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27964\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/dickcissel.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-27964\" title=\"dickcissel\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/dickcissel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Dickcissel - a grassland bird. Photo Credit: Amy Larson \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dickcissel - a grassland bird. Photo Credit: Amy Larson\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In an effort to improve the sustainability and health of their land, farmers are increasingly interested in taking a systems approach to farmland management. A systems approach acknowledges the key connections between ecological, economic, and social components. Given the ensuing complexity, measuring the health of a farm system requires good diagnostic tools. In addition, these tools need to be clear and straightforward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our current effort at the University of Nebraska Lincoln to develop a set of such indicators for farmers, the \u003ca href=\"http://hfi.unl.edu/hfi.shtml\">Healthy Farm Index\u003c/a>, focuses on biodiversity and ecosystem services at the farm scale. One indicator in the index is the presences of a given set of birds on the farm. Birds are a popular indicator because they are sensitive to change in farm practices, found broadly in the environment, and are easy to detect by sight and sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ability to detect birds by sound has spurred our research group to develop resources to aid farmers and other people interested in the songs and calls of farmland birds. As researchers, we use auditory detections of birds as one of our primary monitoring tools. With acoustic recorders, we have recorded the songs and calls of our local bird communities. Back in the lab, we use software to identify and isolate the best songs and calls. These vocalizations have been posted to our website, \u003ca href=\"http://mediahub.unl.edu/channels/186\">Farmland Birds of Nebraska\u003c/a>, and distributed back to farmers and others interested on CDs. With the acoustic recordings, farmers can select a group of indicator species suitable for their area, learn its call, and listen for the bird while working in the field. This information can be used by the farmer in assessing their own farm or can be shared more broadly with researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recordings also allow farmers to share with consumers (many of whom are birders) an added environmental benefit of their farm. This spring we were able to take these recorded vocalizations back to one of our participating farms. In partnership with \u003ca href=\"http://www.commongoodfarm.com/\">Common Good Farm\u003c/a>, we hosted a “Birding on the Farm” tour. Local residents and other farmers spent the morning listening for and identifying the community of birds at the farm. New and experienced birders alike were surprised at the diversity found on the single farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming months, we are expanding our network of recorders. This winter we will be monitoring winter bird communities on participating farms and testing the influences that road noise may have on bird vocalization and communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"John Quinn, a researcher at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, explains how he collects and uses bird calls to establish an indicator for farm healthiness known as the Healthy Farm Index. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366754361,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":422},"headData":{"title":"Songbirds as a Measure of Farm Sustainability | KQED","description":"John Quinn, a researcher at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, explains how he collects and uses bird calls to establish an indicator for farm healthiness known as the Healthy Farm Index. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Songbirds as a Measure of Farm Sustainability","datePublished":"2011-12-06T17:00:13.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-23T21:59:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"27960 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=27960","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/06/songbirds-as-a-measure-of-farm-sustainability/","disqusTitle":"Songbirds as a Measure of Farm Sustainability","path":"/quest/27960/songbirds-as-a-measure-of-farm-sustainability","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27964\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/dickcissel.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-27964\" title=\"dickcissel\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/dickcissel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Dickcissel - a grassland bird. Photo Credit: Amy Larson \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dickcissel - a grassland bird. Photo Credit: Amy Larson\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In an effort to improve the sustainability and health of their land, farmers are increasingly interested in taking a systems approach to farmland management. A systems approach acknowledges the key connections between ecological, economic, and social components. Given the ensuing complexity, measuring the health of a farm system requires good diagnostic tools. In addition, these tools need to be clear and straightforward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our current effort at the University of Nebraska Lincoln to develop a set of such indicators for farmers, the \u003ca href=\"http://hfi.unl.edu/hfi.shtml\">Healthy Farm Index\u003c/a>, focuses on biodiversity and ecosystem services at the farm scale. One indicator in the index is the presences of a given set of birds on the farm. Birds are a popular indicator because they are sensitive to change in farm practices, found broadly in the environment, and are easy to detect by sight and sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ability to detect birds by sound has spurred our research group to develop resources to aid farmers and other people interested in the songs and calls of farmland birds. As researchers, we use auditory detections of birds as one of our primary monitoring tools. With acoustic recorders, we have recorded the songs and calls of our local bird communities. Back in the lab, we use software to identify and isolate the best songs and calls. These vocalizations have been posted to our website, \u003ca href=\"http://mediahub.unl.edu/channels/186\">Farmland Birds of Nebraska\u003c/a>, and distributed back to farmers and others interested on CDs. With the acoustic recordings, farmers can select a group of indicator species suitable for their area, learn its call, and listen for the bird while working in the field. This information can be used by the farmer in assessing their own farm or can be shared more broadly with researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recordings also allow farmers to share with consumers (many of whom are birders) an added environmental benefit of their farm. This spring we were able to take these recorded vocalizations back to one of our participating farms. In partnership with \u003ca href=\"http://www.commongoodfarm.com/\">Common Good Farm\u003c/a>, we hosted a “Birding on the Farm” tour. Local residents and other farmers spent the morning listening for and identifying the community of birds at the farm. New and experienced birders alike were surprised at the diversity found on the single farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming months, we are expanding our network of recorders. This winter we will be monitoring winter bird communities on participating farms and testing the influences that road noise may have on bird vocalization and communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/27960/songbirds-as-a-measure-of-farm-sustainability","authors":["10309"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3229"],"tags":["quest_10512","quest_10513","quest_85","quest_252","quest_326","quest_10514","quest_921","quest_1073","quest_10510","quest_3351","quest_3930","quest_3929","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3289","quest_2731","quest_2844","quest_13364","quest_10511"],"featImg":"quest_27963","label":"quest"},"quest_25030":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_25030","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"25030","score":null,"sort":[1316814893000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"mercury-rises-on-coal-costs","title":"Mercury Rises on Coal Costs","publishDate":1316814893,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Coal at the Crossroads | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":10214,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/09/2011-9-23-quest-nebraska-coal.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Half of the airborne mercury pollution in the US comes from coal-fired power plants. After years of study and debate, the Environmental Protection Agency is planning to announce new limits on mercury from coal plants in November. Meanwhile, utilities are scrambling to meet other new federal regulations and industry groups are asking the government to slow down. Grant Gerlock of NET Nebaska reports for our special radio series, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/coal-at-the-crossroads/\">Coal at the Crossroads\u003c/a>.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25034\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/coal-nebraksa-inline640-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"Bluestem Lake near Lincoln, Nebraska\" title=\"Bluestem Lake near Lincoln, Nebraska\" width=\"253\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25034\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bluestem Lake near Lincoln, Nebraska.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bluestem Lake near Lincoln, Nebraska is five miles north of a coal-fired power plant. It is also one of 85 bodies of water in the state under a consumption advisory because of fish found to have elevated levels of mercury in their tissues. Half of the airborne mercury pollution in the US comes from coal-fired power plants. After years of study and debate, the EPA is planning to announce new limits on mercury from coal plants in November. Ken Winston of the Nebraska Sierra Club believes the agency is doing the right thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you burn coal, mercury goes up into the atmosphere,” Winston said. “It comes down in the form of rain. Fish eat it. People eat the fish. It can be very damaging and have long term negative impact on the development of children. So it’s something we need to get out of the environment as much as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA says its proposed new mercury rules could reduce emissions across the country by 91%. Meanwhile, utilities are scrambling to meet other new federal regulations and industry groups are asking the government to slow down. The Nebraska Public Power District operates two coal plants. Under the proposed mercury rule Environmental Manager, Joe Citta, says the utility will need to install equipment that uses activated carbon in order to remove even more mercury than control systems already in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25033\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/coal-nebraksa640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/coal-nebraksa640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"coal plant\" title=\"coal-nebraksa640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25033\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sheldon Station coal fired power plant produces 140 pounds of mercury per year. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The system is several million dollars,” Citta said. “But what really makes it expensive is the operating cost because activated carbon is rather pricey.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPPD will spend 35 million dollars to meet another new regulation reducing smog-forming pollutants that cross state lines. That rule, the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR), was announced in July and takes effect in January. Citta says it requires more cuts than many in the industry expected for pollutants like nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This caught our state, many other states also,” Citta said. When the final rule came out they had reduced those by an additional 40%. Then with only 6 months to comply…We felt the proposed rule was manageable. We would have had to do some things. But they were certainly more achievable than this additional 40% reduction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nebraska utilities feeling rushed by regulation are hoping to get some extra time. The Nebraska Attorney General’s office is working on a lawsuit against the interstate smog rule that a spokesperson says would protect utilities and consumers from costly federal overreach. A bill in the House of Representatives could slow things down by commissioning a study on the economic impact of the EPA’s emissions agenda. Steve Gates of the American Coalition for Clean Coal Energy says it is a reaction to a lot of regulation in a short period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a state like Nebraska where 65% of our electricity comes from coal, something is going to happen and the guess is electricity prices go up immediately,” Gates said. “You know, there’s just a lot of economic implications that really should be looked at before we jump into something that no one knows the outcome economically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nebraska rails are a major thoroughfare from Wyoming to power plants in the Midwest and southern Plains. Gates says the state’s economic ties to coal show the advantage of having easy access to inexpensive energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re fortunate enough to be in the top ten lowest states for electricity in the country,” Gates said. “What we need to do is find a balance between reducing emissions the best we can while also keeping an eye on what we’re going to do to local economies if we enact something too quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA claims that the mercury rule will have a positive economic impact in the end by providing health savings of up to $140 billion from reduced asthma, heart disease and other serious ailments. Gates says the EPA underestimates the cumulative impact of multiple rules all coming down at once, particularly in a bad economy. The Sierra Club’s Ken Winston believes power companies are capable of covering costs that they have not paid in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can absorb the cost of making these changes much more easily than a person can,” Winston said. “An individual whose child doesn’t develop appropriately because they’ve had mercury poisoning, that’s a life that’s destroyed and we can’t tolerate that.” \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Additional Links\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nppd.com/\">Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/airquality/powerplanttoxics/\">EPA mercury rule\u003c/a> \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sierranebraska.org/\">Nebraska Sierra Club\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraclub.org/coal/map/\">Sierra Club - Beyond Coal\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.deq.state.ne.us/SurfaceW.nsf/Pages/FCA\">Fish consumption advisories page\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/crossstaterule/\">Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR)\u003c/a> \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.chron.com/business/energy/article/Texas-sues-EPA-to-block-new-pollution-rule-2182573.php\">Houtson Chronicle - Texas sues EPA to block new pollution rule\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://journalstar.com/news/local/article_f3cf3df3-af06-5791-9e50-07b5b597e476.html\">Nebraska AG lawsuit story\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/white-house-threatens-veto-of-house-bill-to-delay-epa-pollution-rules/2011/09/21/gIQAk2pNlK_story.html\">Washington Post - White House threatens veto of House bill to delay EPA pollution rules\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cleancoalusa.org/\">The American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity (ACCCE)\u003c/a> \u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Half of the airborne mercury pollution in the US comes from coal-fired power plants. After years of study and debate, the Environmental Protection Agency is planning to announce new limits on mercury from coal plants in November. Meanwhile, utilities are scrambling to meet other new federal regulations and industry groups are asking the government to slow down.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1316816350,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":948},"headData":{"title":"Mercury Rises on Coal Costs | KQED","description":"Half of the airborne mercury pollution in the US comes from coal-fired power plants. After years of study and debate, the Environmental Protection Agency is planning to announce new limits on mercury from coal plants in November. Meanwhile, utilities are scrambling to meet other new federal regulations and industry groups are asking the government to slow down.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Mercury Rises on Coal Costs","datePublished":"2011-09-23T21:54:53.000Z","dateModified":"2011-09-23T22:19:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"25030 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=25030","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/23/mercury-rises-on-coal-costs/","disqusTitle":"Mercury Rises on Coal Costs","path":"/quest/25030/mercury-rises-on-coal-costs","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/09/2011-9-23-quest-nebraska-coal.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/09/2011-9-23-quest-nebraska-coal.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Half of the airborne mercury pollution in the US comes from coal-fired power plants. After years of study and debate, the Environmental Protection Agency is planning to announce new limits on mercury from coal plants in November. Meanwhile, utilities are scrambling to meet other new federal regulations and industry groups are asking the government to slow down. Grant Gerlock of NET Nebaska reports for our special radio series, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/coal-at-the-crossroads/\">Coal at the Crossroads\u003c/a>.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25034\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/coal-nebraksa-inline640-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"Bluestem Lake near Lincoln, Nebraska\" title=\"Bluestem Lake near Lincoln, Nebraska\" width=\"253\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25034\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bluestem Lake near Lincoln, Nebraska.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bluestem Lake near Lincoln, Nebraska is five miles north of a coal-fired power plant. It is also one of 85 bodies of water in the state under a consumption advisory because of fish found to have elevated levels of mercury in their tissues. Half of the airborne mercury pollution in the US comes from coal-fired power plants. After years of study and debate, the EPA is planning to announce new limits on mercury from coal plants in November. Ken Winston of the Nebraska Sierra Club believes the agency is doing the right thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you burn coal, mercury goes up into the atmosphere,” Winston said. “It comes down in the form of rain. Fish eat it. People eat the fish. It can be very damaging and have long term negative impact on the development of children. So it’s something we need to get out of the environment as much as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA says its proposed new mercury rules could reduce emissions across the country by 91%. Meanwhile, utilities are scrambling to meet other new federal regulations and industry groups are asking the government to slow down. The Nebraska Public Power District operates two coal plants. Under the proposed mercury rule Environmental Manager, Joe Citta, says the utility will need to install equipment that uses activated carbon in order to remove even more mercury than control systems already in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25033\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/coal-nebraksa640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/coal-nebraksa640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"coal plant\" title=\"coal-nebraksa640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25033\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sheldon Station coal fired power plant produces 140 pounds of mercury per year. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The system is several million dollars,” Citta said. “But what really makes it expensive is the operating cost because activated carbon is rather pricey.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPPD will spend 35 million dollars to meet another new regulation reducing smog-forming pollutants that cross state lines. That rule, the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR), was announced in July and takes effect in January. Citta says it requires more cuts than many in the industry expected for pollutants like nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This caught our state, many other states also,” Citta said. When the final rule came out they had reduced those by an additional 40%. Then with only 6 months to comply…We felt the proposed rule was manageable. We would have had to do some things. But they were certainly more achievable than this additional 40% reduction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nebraska utilities feeling rushed by regulation are hoping to get some extra time. The Nebraska Attorney General’s office is working on a lawsuit against the interstate smog rule that a spokesperson says would protect utilities and consumers from costly federal overreach. A bill in the House of Representatives could slow things down by commissioning a study on the economic impact of the EPA’s emissions agenda. Steve Gates of the American Coalition for Clean Coal Energy says it is a reaction to a lot of regulation in a short period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a state like Nebraska where 65% of our electricity comes from coal, something is going to happen and the guess is electricity prices go up immediately,” Gates said. “You know, there’s just a lot of economic implications that really should be looked at before we jump into something that no one knows the outcome economically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nebraska rails are a major thoroughfare from Wyoming to power plants in the Midwest and southern Plains. Gates says the state’s economic ties to coal show the advantage of having easy access to inexpensive energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re fortunate enough to be in the top ten lowest states for electricity in the country,” Gates said. “What we need to do is find a balance between reducing emissions the best we can while also keeping an eye on what we’re going to do to local economies if we enact something too quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA claims that the mercury rule will have a positive economic impact in the end by providing health savings of up to $140 billion from reduced asthma, heart disease and other serious ailments. Gates says the EPA underestimates the cumulative impact of multiple rules all coming down at once, particularly in a bad economy. The Sierra Club’s Ken Winston believes power companies are capable of covering costs that they have not paid in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can absorb the cost of making these changes much more easily than a person can,” Winston said. “An individual whose child doesn’t develop appropriately because they’ve had mercury poisoning, that’s a life that’s destroyed and we can’t tolerate that.” \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Additional Links\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nppd.com/\">Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/airquality/powerplanttoxics/\">EPA mercury rule\u003c/a> \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sierranebraska.org/\">Nebraska Sierra Club\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraclub.org/coal/map/\">Sierra Club - Beyond Coal\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.deq.state.ne.us/SurfaceW.nsf/Pages/FCA\">Fish consumption advisories page\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/crossstaterule/\">Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR)\u003c/a> \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.chron.com/business/energy/article/Texas-sues-EPA-to-block-new-pollution-rule-2182573.php\">Houtson Chronicle - Texas sues EPA to block new pollution rule\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://journalstar.com/news/local/article_f3cf3df3-af06-5791-9e50-07b5b597e476.html\">Nebraska AG lawsuit story\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/white-house-threatens-veto-of-house-bill-to-delay-epa-pollution-rules/2011/09/21/gIQAk2pNlK_story.html\">Washington Post - White House threatens veto of House bill to delay EPA pollution rules\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cleancoalusa.org/\">The American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity (ACCCE)\u003c/a> \u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/25030/mercury-rises-on-coal-costs","authors":["10231"],"series":["quest_10214"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_482","quest_10217","quest_638","quest_3923","quest_923","quest_954","quest_10215","quest_1009","quest_3351","quest_9934","quest_1791","quest_3930","quest_3929","quest_10216","quest_2257","quest_2349","quest_3289","quest_3734"],"featImg":"quest_25033","label":"quest_10214"},"quest_20063":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_20063","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"20063","score":null,"sort":[1310595626000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bioplastic-boom","title":"Bioplastic Boom","publishDate":1310595626,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Recycling in America | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":9815,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-7-15-quest-nebraska-bioplastic.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\n\u003cstrong>Companies like Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Heinz ketchup have determined that plastic made from plants -- not oil -- makes sense both for the environment and for business. The growing demand has meant a boom in the bioplastic industry. Could this mean the end of the plastic bottle as we know it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Corn_Field640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Corn_Field640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Corn_Field640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20086\">\u003c/a>In a cornfield west of Lincoln, Nebraska dark green stalks rise chest-high from the soil and wind around the hill in perfect rows. Sunlight flashes on the leaves as they brush against each other in a gust of wind. The field will produce thousands of bushels of corn to be used in products ranging from cattle feed and corn syrup to ethanol and even plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 75 miles away, at a facility near Blair, Nebraska a constant rushing sound comes from long tubes that lead to gleaming steel silos. It sounds like kernels of corn, but it is actually millions of small plastic pellets. The pellets are plastic resin – the raw material for everything from food containers to carpet. For the last 10 years, a company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.natureworksllc.com/\">Nature Works\u003c/a> has used corn, instead of oil or natural gas, to make “bioplastic” near Blair. Nature Works is partially owned by the giant ag corporation, Cargill, and makes more bioplastic than any company in the world. Steve Bray is Director of Manufacturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The capacity of the plant is 300 million pounds of polymer per year,” Bray said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bioplastic plant has not yet reached that capacity, but it is getting close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the first three years of operation we saw triple-digit growth,” he said. “Almost every year it’s been double-digit growth. When the worldwide economy fell in 2008-2009 that slowed us down, but even then we had growth. Now that the economy is coming back we’re seeing very strong growth again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature Works production grew in the range of 20-30% in the last year. That kind of growth is happening across the bioplastic industry. Kent Furst is an analyst with the market research firm, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.freedoniagroup.com/\">Freedonia Group\u003c/a>, based in Cleveland. He says even traditional plastic makers are investing bioplastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether you look at it in pounds or dollars, it’s really growing very fast,” Furst said. “We expect the industry to double in size in the next 3 or 4 years.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/NatureWorks_Ingeo_Pellets640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/NatureWorks_Ingeo_Pellets640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"NatureWorks_Ingeo_Pellets640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-20084\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThat kind of growth is impressive, but bioplastics are actually less than 1 percent of the overall plastics market. Still, Furst says bioplastics are beating even the most optimistic forecasts. So why are companies using more bioplastic now? Furst says consumer interest is part of it. More people are shopping for sustainability. But it is the price of oil that is making it affordable for manufacturers to make the switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the price of oil and natural gas in the early part of the last decade being so low, you didn’t see as much actual market interest in bioplastics,” Furst said. “But as the price of oil and natural gas rose in the later part of the decade I think that’s when you saw how fast bioplastics could be competitive with conventional plastics on price.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Searching the shelves of a supermarket in Lincoln, Nebraska it is still difficult to find bioplastic, but a couple examples show how some major corporations are beginning to buy in. A bag of Sun Chips is made by Frito-Lay, which is owned by \u003ca href=\"http://www.plasticsnews.com/headlines2.html?id=21416&q=coca+cola+heinz\">Pepsi Co\u003c/a>. The bag is made from Nature Works bioplastic, so both the container and the food inside are made of corn. Pepsi also announced that it is developing a 100% plant-based soda bottle. An Odwalla juice bottle made by Pepsi’s rival, \u003ca href=\"http://www.plasticsnews.com/headlines2.html?id=21787&q=COCA+COLA\">Coca-Cola\u003c/a>, is made with bioplastic from the Brazilian company, Braskem. They make plastic from sugar cane. Coke also announced it is coming out with a soda bottle that is 30% bioplastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not all biplastics are made equal and that could start to cause some problems as they become more common. Paul Fowler, Executive Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uwsp.edu/WIST/index.aspx\">Wisconsin Institute for Sustainable Technology\u003c/a>, describes a growing bioplastics divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bioplastic could mean that the material is biodegradable, or it could mean that it’s bio-based, or it could mean that it’s both,” Fowler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The differences in chemistry among bioplastics mean that some plant-based containers are biodegradable but hard to recycle. Others are easy to recycle but do not biodegrade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take, for instance, the Sun Chips bag made from Nature Works bioplastic, called PLA for polylactic acid. What sets PLA apart is that it is completely biodegradable, in the right conditions. But not many recyclers handle PLA because it can contaminate the traditional recycling stream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Bioplastic_packaging640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20053\" title=\"Bioplastic_packaging640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Bioplastic_packaging640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Odwalla bottle on the other hand is made from Braskem bioplastic. It is made from sugar, but after it has been used it is no different from a bottle made from oil. It can be recycled almost anywhere in the country, but it does not biodegrade. So to compost or recycle? Fowler says there is room for both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you consider the landscape for all the various products that are made from plastics, then there is a space for everyone within that landscape,” Fowler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Fowler says it does leave consumers with a lot to learn. As more bioplastic shows up on grocery store shelves, sustainable minded consumers will need to be prepared to choose from new shades of green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Links: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.plasticsnews.com/headlines2.html?id=21732&q=ingeo\">Nature Works picks Asia for second bioplastic\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.europeanplasticsnews.com/subscriber/newscat2.html?cat=1&channel=620&id=1298281829\">Nestle looks at bioplastic\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.biopolymersummit.com/biopolymers-symposium-agenda.aspx\">2011 Biopolymers Symposium\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Companies like Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Heinz ketchup have determined that plastic made from plants -- not oil -- makes sense both for the environment and for business. The growing demand has meant a boom in the bioplastic industry. Could this mean the end of the plastic bottle as we know it?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1321646195,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":965},"headData":{"title":"Bioplastic Boom | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Bioplastic Boom","datePublished":"2011-07-13T22:20:26.000Z","dateModified":"2011-11-18T19:56:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"20063 http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/bioplastic-boom/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/13/bioplastic-boom/","disqusTitle":"Bioplastic Boom","path":"/quest/20063/bioplastic-boom","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-7-15-quest-nebraska-bioplastic.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-7-15-quest-nebraska-bioplastic.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\n\u003cstrong>Companies like Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Heinz ketchup have determined that plastic made from plants -- not oil -- makes sense both for the environment and for business. The growing demand has meant a boom in the bioplastic industry. Could this mean the end of the plastic bottle as we know it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Corn_Field640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Corn_Field640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Corn_Field640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20086\">\u003c/a>In a cornfield west of Lincoln, Nebraska dark green stalks rise chest-high from the soil and wind around the hill in perfect rows. Sunlight flashes on the leaves as they brush against each other in a gust of wind. The field will produce thousands of bushels of corn to be used in products ranging from cattle feed and corn syrup to ethanol and even plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 75 miles away, at a facility near Blair, Nebraska a constant rushing sound comes from long tubes that lead to gleaming steel silos. It sounds like kernels of corn, but it is actually millions of small plastic pellets. The pellets are plastic resin – the raw material for everything from food containers to carpet. For the last 10 years, a company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.natureworksllc.com/\">Nature Works\u003c/a> has used corn, instead of oil or natural gas, to make “bioplastic” near Blair. Nature Works is partially owned by the giant ag corporation, Cargill, and makes more bioplastic than any company in the world. Steve Bray is Director of Manufacturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The capacity of the plant is 300 million pounds of polymer per year,” Bray said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bioplastic plant has not yet reached that capacity, but it is getting close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the first three years of operation we saw triple-digit growth,” he said. “Almost every year it’s been double-digit growth. When the worldwide economy fell in 2008-2009 that slowed us down, but even then we had growth. Now that the economy is coming back we’re seeing very strong growth again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature Works production grew in the range of 20-30% in the last year. That kind of growth is happening across the bioplastic industry. Kent Furst is an analyst with the market research firm, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.freedoniagroup.com/\">Freedonia Group\u003c/a>, based in Cleveland. He says even traditional plastic makers are investing bioplastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether you look at it in pounds or dollars, it’s really growing very fast,” Furst said. “We expect the industry to double in size in the next 3 or 4 years.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/NatureWorks_Ingeo_Pellets640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/NatureWorks_Ingeo_Pellets640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"NatureWorks_Ingeo_Pellets640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-20084\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThat kind of growth is impressive, but bioplastics are actually less than 1 percent of the overall plastics market. Still, Furst says bioplastics are beating even the most optimistic forecasts. So why are companies using more bioplastic now? Furst says consumer interest is part of it. More people are shopping for sustainability. But it is the price of oil that is making it affordable for manufacturers to make the switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the price of oil and natural gas in the early part of the last decade being so low, you didn’t see as much actual market interest in bioplastics,” Furst said. “But as the price of oil and natural gas rose in the later part of the decade I think that’s when you saw how fast bioplastics could be competitive with conventional plastics on price.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Searching the shelves of a supermarket in Lincoln, Nebraska it is still difficult to find bioplastic, but a couple examples show how some major corporations are beginning to buy in. A bag of Sun Chips is made by Frito-Lay, which is owned by \u003ca href=\"http://www.plasticsnews.com/headlines2.html?id=21416&q=coca+cola+heinz\">Pepsi Co\u003c/a>. The bag is made from Nature Works bioplastic, so both the container and the food inside are made of corn. Pepsi also announced that it is developing a 100% plant-based soda bottle. An Odwalla juice bottle made by Pepsi’s rival, \u003ca href=\"http://www.plasticsnews.com/headlines2.html?id=21787&q=COCA+COLA\">Coca-Cola\u003c/a>, is made with bioplastic from the Brazilian company, Braskem. They make plastic from sugar cane. Coke also announced it is coming out with a soda bottle that is 30% bioplastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not all biplastics are made equal and that could start to cause some problems as they become more common. Paul Fowler, Executive Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uwsp.edu/WIST/index.aspx\">Wisconsin Institute for Sustainable Technology\u003c/a>, describes a growing bioplastics divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bioplastic could mean that the material is biodegradable, or it could mean that it’s bio-based, or it could mean that it’s both,” Fowler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The differences in chemistry among bioplastics mean that some plant-based containers are biodegradable but hard to recycle. Others are easy to recycle but do not biodegrade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take, for instance, the Sun Chips bag made from Nature Works bioplastic, called PLA for polylactic acid. What sets PLA apart is that it is completely biodegradable, in the right conditions. But not many recyclers handle PLA because it can contaminate the traditional recycling stream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Bioplastic_packaging640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20053\" title=\"Bioplastic_packaging640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Bioplastic_packaging640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Odwalla bottle on the other hand is made from Braskem bioplastic. It is made from sugar, but after it has been used it is no different from a bottle made from oil. It can be recycled almost anywhere in the country, but it does not biodegrade. So to compost or recycle? Fowler says there is room for both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you consider the landscape for all the various products that are made from plastics, then there is a space for everyone within that landscape,” Fowler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Fowler says it does leave consumers with a lot to learn. As more bioplastic shows up on grocery store shelves, sustainable minded consumers will need to be prepared to choose from new shades of green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Links: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.plasticsnews.com/headlines2.html?id=21732&q=ingeo\">Nature Works picks Asia for second bioplastic\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.europeanplasticsnews.com/subscriber/newscat2.html?cat=1&channel=620&id=1298281829\">Nestle looks at bioplastic\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.biopolymersummit.com/biopolymers-symposium-agenda.aspx\">2011 Biopolymers Symposium\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/20063/bioplastic-boom","authors":["10231"],"series":["quest_9815"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_9788","quest_9789","quest_9790","quest_9791","quest_9792","quest_9793","quest_9794","quest_702","quest_9795","quest_9796","quest_9797","quest_3930","quest_9798","quest_9799","quest_9800","quest_3289","quest_9801","quest_9802"],"featImg":"quest_20053","label":"quest_9815"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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