California Wildlife Mural Celebrates Its Third Birthday
Climate Change Favors Invasive Species in California Grasslands
Hiking Through Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
Exploring Bothe-Napa Valley State Park
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But there’s another kind of garden that you might want to consider, especially if you live in a rainy place with old and overburdened sewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what folks in Parma, Ohio, have done. The Cleveland suburb is a typical neighborhood with homes, lawns, and sidewalks, but there’s something missing: grass. Jen Greiser, a natural resource manager for the Cleveland Metroparks, explains that this is intentional. “For homeowners that signed on to the project, we installed what we call ‘right of way’ rain gardens, and so we worked with a contractor to take up the grass and dig some depressional planting beds and install some plants,” said Greiser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70839\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Storm_Drain-from-wikimedia.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70839\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Storm_Drain-from-wikimedia-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Heavy rains can overload the sewers in some cities and cause raw sewage to enter waterways. Photo credit: wikimedia\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heavy rains can overload the sewers in some cities and cause raw sewage to enter waterways. Photo credit: Wikimedia\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This project is one of many initiatives in this area and across the country that use plantings and greenery to help trap stormwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northeast Ohio is a rainy place, and all that water -- if not absorbed into the soil -- runs off, mixes with pollutants and sewage, overloads the wastewater treatment plants, and ends up spewing out untreated into Lake Erie. This isn’t a good thing for people or wildlife or the lake’s overall ecology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the key strategies for keeping stormwater out of the lake and \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmo0FRAVgkM&feature=youtu.be\">in the soil\u003c/a> is to create what’s called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwater.epa.gov%2Finfrastructure%2Fgreeninfrastructure%2Findex.cfm%23tabs-1\">green infrastructure\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stormwater runoff can be stemmed on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vlct.org%2Fassets%2FResource%2FMiscellaneous%2FGreen-Infrastructure-2012-07-11.PDF\">large scale \u003c/a>with stuff like urban trees, wetland protection, permeable pavement, and floodplain management. But it can also be done on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vlct.org%2Fassets%2FResource%2FMiscellaneous%2FGreen-Infrastructure-2012-07-11.PDF\">smaller scale\u003c/a> by individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70835\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/purple-cone-flower-via-flickr-Karen-Blaha.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70835\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/purple-cone-flower-via-flickr-Karen-Blaha-378x253.jpg\" alt=\"Purple Coneflowers, also known as Echinacea, are an attractive plant for a rain garden but watch out for deer, who love to munch them. Photo credit: Flickr / Karen Blaha\" width=\"378\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Purple Coneflowers, also known as Echinacea, are an attractive plant for a rain garden but watch out for deer, who love to munch them. Photo credit: Flickr / Karen Blaha\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the spirit of springtime, the Metroparks’ Jen Greiser shared some tips with me on how to plant a backyard rain garden that can reduce local runoff and provide some attractive landscaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get started she suggests a little observation during the next rainy day. “Just put on a raincoat, grab an umbrella, run outside, and stand out there for a little while,” said Greiser. Your neighbors might wonder what you’re doing, she warned, but don’t let that deter you. It’s important to find out where the water’s pooling up. This is the spot to plant your rain garden. And it doesn’t have to be huge: it can fit right into other landscaping schemes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, it’s time to get your hands dirty with some digging. “Instead of our traditional planting beds that are raised above the ground, we’re kind of flipping that over and we’re going to have a more bowl-shaped area for planting,” said Greiser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70840\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Switchgrass_roots-wikimedia-Lee-R.-DeHaan.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70840\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Switchgrass_roots-wikimedia-Lee-R.-DeHaan-450x108.jpg\" alt=\"Plants with deep root systems, like this switchgrass, are good choices for a backyard rain garden.\" width=\"450\" height=\"108\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plants with deep root systems, like this switchgrass, are good choices for a backyard rain garden. Photo credit: Wikimedia / Lee R. DeHaan\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You want to fill out your bowl with plants that have deep root systems. Native grasses and shrubs take their roots deep into the ground, so they loosen up the soil and allow for more water to seep in. A mowed lawn, in comparison, has a really shallow root system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also pick deep-rooted ornamental plants, but watch out for the tastier varietals like \u003ca href=\"http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/cs_loca2.pdf\">cardinal flower\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/cs_ecpu.pdf\">purple coneflower\u003c/a>, which Greiser says can just be deer candy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might also want to consider some soil amendments, especially if your soil contains a lot of clay. Mixing in some sand or compost helps water infiltrate through heavy clay. If your backyard soil is already pretty sandy, then a shallow rain garden should work just fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70841\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 190px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/rain-barrel-flickr-Digi_D.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70841\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/rain-barrel-flickr-Digi_D-190x253.jpg\" alt=\"Another option for controlling stormwater on your property is to place a rain barrel beneath the downspout of your gutter. The collected water can be used for watering plants or washing cars. Photo credit: Flickr / Digi_D\" width=\"190\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Another option for controlling stormwater on your property is to place a rain barrel beneath the downspout of your gutter. The collected water can be used for watering plants or washing cars. Photo credit: Flickr / Digi_D\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then wait for the rain. Your garden should soak up the water in just a day or two, so there’s no standing water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greiser says backyards are an important part of overall stormwater management plans for areas like northeast Ohio, where residential parcels abound. “While they seem small in and of themselves, the residential areas make up such a great percentage of our land use here, so they’re really critical, and to the extent that we can get whole neighborhoods involved, it’s a cumulative effect,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some communities even offer incentives to residents who plant rain gardens in their yards. The Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District will \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neorsd.org%2FI_Library.php%3Fa%3Ddownload_file%26LIBRARY_RECORD_ID%3D4725\">knock off 25 percent \u003c/a>from a homeowner’s stormwater fee (if and when\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleveland.com%2Fmetro%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F11%2Fsewer_district_officials_notif.html\"> those fees \u003c/a>resurface after ongoing \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neorsd.org%2Fstormwaterprogram.php\">court battles)\u003c/a>. Other metropolitan areas, like cities in \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.rutgers.edu/Projects/RGRebate/RGRebate.html\">New Jersey\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://rainwise.seattle.gov/city/seattle/overview\">Washington,\u003c/a> give a major rebate to cover the cost of a rain garden installation. One pilot program in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fsciencematters%2Fjanuary2011%2Frainbarrels.htm\">Cincinnati \u003c/a>actually paid\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70838\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 254px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/rainy-leaf-via-Pixabay-by-gama.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-70838\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/rainy-leaf-via-Pixabay-by-gama-254x169.jpg\" alt=\"When in doubt, think like a rain drop. Wherever water pools up in your yard is the best spot to plant a rain garden. Photo credit: Pixabay / gama\" width=\"254\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When in doubt, think like a rain drop. Wherever water pools up in your yard is the best spot to plant a rain garden. Photo credit: Pixabay / gama\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>people to plant them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jen Greiser says would-be rain gardeners should aim to get their plants in during the spring to soak up all the May showers, though a fall planting would also work well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your green thumb is a little rusty, just remember to think like a raindrop and you can’t go wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.phillywatersheds.org/doc/Homeowners_Guide_Stormwater_Management.pdf\">Rain Garden Manual for Homeowners\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.phillywatersheds.org/doc/Homeowners_Guide_Stormwater_Management.pdf\">A Homeowner’s Guide to Stormwater Management\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://extension.psu.edu/plants/gardening/maescapes/rain-gardens/plants-rain-gardens\">Rain Gardens - Plants\u003c/a>, from Penn State Extension\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.rainscaping.org/index.cfm/fuseaction/plants.main/typeID/37/index.htm\">Rain Garden Plants\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.neorsd.org/I_Library.php?SOURCE=library/2011NR05b_Native-Plants-for-Horticultural-Plantings.pdf&a=download_file&LIBRARY_RECORD_ID=5791\">Ohio Native Plant Suggestions for Horticultural Plantings\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://blog.nwf.org/2014/03/your-backyard-a-stormwater-sponge/\">Your Backyard: A Stormwater Sponge\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"This growing season, consider planting a different kind of garden, one that will sop up stormwater and take pressure off the sewage system.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450491390,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":982},"headData":{"title":"How to Plant a Backyard Rain Garden | KQED","description":"This growing season, consider planting a different kind of garden, one that will sop up stormwater and take pressure off the sewage system.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How to Plant a Backyard Rain Garden","datePublished":"2014-06-05T14:00:03.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T02:16:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"58323 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=58323","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/06/05/how-to-plant-a-backyard-rain-garden/","disqusTitle":"How to Plant a Backyard Rain Garden","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Rain+garden/Stream/raingardenswithfunders.mp3","path":"/quest/58323/how-to-plant-a-backyard-rain-garden","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s springtime, and many people are putting on their gardening gloves and planting some tomatoes or maybe tulips in their backyard. But there’s another kind of garden that you might want to consider, especially if you live in a rainy place with old and overburdened sewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what folks in Parma, Ohio, have done. The Cleveland suburb is a typical neighborhood with homes, lawns, and sidewalks, but there’s something missing: grass. Jen Greiser, a natural resource manager for the Cleveland Metroparks, explains that this is intentional. “For homeowners that signed on to the project, we installed what we call ‘right of way’ rain gardens, and so we worked with a contractor to take up the grass and dig some depressional planting beds and install some plants,” said Greiser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70839\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Storm_Drain-from-wikimedia.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70839\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Storm_Drain-from-wikimedia-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Heavy rains can overload the sewers in some cities and cause raw sewage to enter waterways. Photo credit: wikimedia\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heavy rains can overload the sewers in some cities and cause raw sewage to enter waterways. Photo credit: Wikimedia\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This project is one of many initiatives in this area and across the country that use plantings and greenery to help trap stormwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northeast Ohio is a rainy place, and all that water -- if not absorbed into the soil -- runs off, mixes with pollutants and sewage, overloads the wastewater treatment plants, and ends up spewing out untreated into Lake Erie. This isn’t a good thing for people or wildlife or the lake’s overall ecology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the key strategies for keeping stormwater out of the lake and \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmo0FRAVgkM&feature=youtu.be\">in the soil\u003c/a> is to create what’s called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwater.epa.gov%2Finfrastructure%2Fgreeninfrastructure%2Findex.cfm%23tabs-1\">green infrastructure\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stormwater runoff can be stemmed on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vlct.org%2Fassets%2FResource%2FMiscellaneous%2FGreen-Infrastructure-2012-07-11.PDF\">large scale \u003c/a>with stuff like urban trees, wetland protection, permeable pavement, and floodplain management. But it can also be done on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vlct.org%2Fassets%2FResource%2FMiscellaneous%2FGreen-Infrastructure-2012-07-11.PDF\">smaller scale\u003c/a> by individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70835\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/purple-cone-flower-via-flickr-Karen-Blaha.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70835\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/purple-cone-flower-via-flickr-Karen-Blaha-378x253.jpg\" alt=\"Purple Coneflowers, also known as Echinacea, are an attractive plant for a rain garden but watch out for deer, who love to munch them. Photo credit: Flickr / Karen Blaha\" width=\"378\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Purple Coneflowers, also known as Echinacea, are an attractive plant for a rain garden but watch out for deer, who love to munch them. Photo credit: Flickr / Karen Blaha\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the spirit of springtime, the Metroparks’ Jen Greiser shared some tips with me on how to plant a backyard rain garden that can reduce local runoff and provide some attractive landscaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get started she suggests a little observation during the next rainy day. “Just put on a raincoat, grab an umbrella, run outside, and stand out there for a little while,” said Greiser. Your neighbors might wonder what you’re doing, she warned, but don’t let that deter you. It’s important to find out where the water’s pooling up. This is the spot to plant your rain garden. And it doesn’t have to be huge: it can fit right into other landscaping schemes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, it’s time to get your hands dirty with some digging. “Instead of our traditional planting beds that are raised above the ground, we’re kind of flipping that over and we’re going to have a more bowl-shaped area for planting,” said Greiser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70840\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Switchgrass_roots-wikimedia-Lee-R.-DeHaan.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70840\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Switchgrass_roots-wikimedia-Lee-R.-DeHaan-450x108.jpg\" alt=\"Plants with deep root systems, like this switchgrass, are good choices for a backyard rain garden.\" width=\"450\" height=\"108\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plants with deep root systems, like this switchgrass, are good choices for a backyard rain garden. Photo credit: Wikimedia / Lee R. DeHaan\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You want to fill out your bowl with plants that have deep root systems. Native grasses and shrubs take their roots deep into the ground, so they loosen up the soil and allow for more water to seep in. A mowed lawn, in comparison, has a really shallow root system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also pick deep-rooted ornamental plants, but watch out for the tastier varietals like \u003ca href=\"http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/cs_loca2.pdf\">cardinal flower\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/cs_ecpu.pdf\">purple coneflower\u003c/a>, which Greiser says can just be deer candy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might also want to consider some soil amendments, especially if your soil contains a lot of clay. Mixing in some sand or compost helps water infiltrate through heavy clay. If your backyard soil is already pretty sandy, then a shallow rain garden should work just fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70841\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 190px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/rain-barrel-flickr-Digi_D.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70841\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/rain-barrel-flickr-Digi_D-190x253.jpg\" alt=\"Another option for controlling stormwater on your property is to place a rain barrel beneath the downspout of your gutter. The collected water can be used for watering plants or washing cars. Photo credit: Flickr / Digi_D\" width=\"190\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Another option for controlling stormwater on your property is to place a rain barrel beneath the downspout of your gutter. The collected water can be used for watering plants or washing cars. Photo credit: Flickr / Digi_D\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then wait for the rain. Your garden should soak up the water in just a day or two, so there’s no standing water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greiser says backyards are an important part of overall stormwater management plans for areas like northeast Ohio, where residential parcels abound. “While they seem small in and of themselves, the residential areas make up such a great percentage of our land use here, so they’re really critical, and to the extent that we can get whole neighborhoods involved, it’s a cumulative effect,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some communities even offer incentives to residents who plant rain gardens in their yards. The Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District will \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neorsd.org%2FI_Library.php%3Fa%3Ddownload_file%26LIBRARY_RECORD_ID%3D4725\">knock off 25 percent \u003c/a>from a homeowner’s stormwater fee (if and when\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleveland.com%2Fmetro%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F11%2Fsewer_district_officials_notif.html\"> those fees \u003c/a>resurface after ongoing \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neorsd.org%2Fstormwaterprogram.php\">court battles)\u003c/a>. Other metropolitan areas, like cities in \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.rutgers.edu/Projects/RGRebate/RGRebate.html\">New Jersey\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://rainwise.seattle.gov/city/seattle/overview\">Washington,\u003c/a> give a major rebate to cover the cost of a rain garden installation. One pilot program in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fsciencematters%2Fjanuary2011%2Frainbarrels.htm\">Cincinnati \u003c/a>actually paid\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70838\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 254px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/rainy-leaf-via-Pixabay-by-gama.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-70838\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/rainy-leaf-via-Pixabay-by-gama-254x169.jpg\" alt=\"When in doubt, think like a rain drop. Wherever water pools up in your yard is the best spot to plant a rain garden. Photo credit: Pixabay / gama\" width=\"254\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When in doubt, think like a rain drop. Wherever water pools up in your yard is the best spot to plant a rain garden. Photo credit: Pixabay / gama\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>people to plant them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jen Greiser says would-be rain gardeners should aim to get their plants in during the spring to soak up all the May showers, though a fall planting would also work well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your green thumb is a little rusty, just remember to think like a raindrop and you can’t go wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.phillywatersheds.org/doc/Homeowners_Guide_Stormwater_Management.pdf\">Rain Garden Manual for Homeowners\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.phillywatersheds.org/doc/Homeowners_Guide_Stormwater_Management.pdf\">A Homeowner’s Guide to Stormwater Management\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://extension.psu.edu/plants/gardening/maescapes/rain-gardens/plants-rain-gardens\">Rain Gardens - Plants\u003c/a>, from Penn State Extension\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.rainscaping.org/index.cfm/fuseaction/plants.main/typeID/37/index.htm\">Rain Garden Plants\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.neorsd.org/I_Library.php?SOURCE=library/2011NR05b_Native-Plants-for-Horticultural-Plantings.pdf&a=download_file&LIBRARY_RECORD_ID=5791\">Ohio Native Plant Suggestions for Horticultural Plantings\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://blog.nwf.org/2014/03/your-backyard-a-stormwater-sponge/\">Your Backyard: A Stormwater Sponge\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/58323/how-to-plant-a-backyard-rain-garden","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_17","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_12879","quest_12269","quest_12698","quest_1939","quest_12878","quest_2349","quest_10429","quest_12693","quest_2598","quest_11130","quest_12880","quest_12697","quest_12097"],"featImg":"quest_70833","label":"source_quest_58323"},"quest_68137":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_68137","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"68137","score":null,"sort":[1398348007000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ho-chunk-nation-promotes-native-edible-plants","title":"Ho-Chunk Nation Promotes Native Edible Plants","publishDate":1398348007,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Wisconsin/Radio/Stream/Nativeagriculture.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69868\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-69868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/P1000023-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"While Bill Greendeer embraces the return of indigenous plants on his land, he also welcomes the native species. Photo credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">While Bill Greendeer embraces the return of indigenous plants on his land, he also welcomes the native species. Photo credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ancestors of the Ho-Chunk Nation survived off the land in western Wisconsin for thousands of years. With modern farming techniques and high-tech distractions, however, some tribal members are losing their connection to the native plants. Efforts are now underway to reintroduce indigenous plants to everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ho-Chunk member Bill Greendeer spoke to me as he made his way through a patch of cattails on his land. Soon the tops of the plants will be green and edible. And like many of the plants growing here, cattails have more than one use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dig down into here,” Greendeer said. “There's medicine that grows in the root of this one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greendeer is surrounded by food. A few feet away there is a cluster of watercress growing on top of a bubbling, cold-water stream. There's sumac in the distance, and milkweed and mint will soon be popping up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69867\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-69867\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/P1000016-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Greendeer peers into one of the freshwater springs on his land. Beds of hearty watercress grow on the water’s surface. Photo credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Greendeer peers into one of the freshwater springs on his land. Beds of hearty watercress grow on the water’s surface. Photo credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It's just amazing the foods that are out there and nobody has any idea about it,” Greendeer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greendeer's knowledge of native plants was part of his upbringing. He and his siblings would join their mother to collect ferns, flowers, and aronia berries in the forest. His father was a healer who taught him about the medicinal and spiritual qualities of plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Greendeer wants to pass on his knowledge of the indigenous plants to others. He wants to use his property as a teaching tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to try to teach people that you can actually survive out there without having to turn your fields over,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They talk about so many people starving on this side of the earth. If we actually got smart and learned what's out there, what we're walking in, we'd be able to provide a lot of food for people,” Greendeer continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69865\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69865\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/P1000030-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Greendeer and Juliee de la Terre are passionate about rewilding, or bringing back the native plants and animals, on not just Bill's land, but elsewhere throughout the area. Photo credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Greendeer and Juliee de la Terre are passionate about rewilding, or bringing back the native plants and animals, on not just Bill's land, but elsewhere throughout the area. Photo credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Juliee de la Terre is helping Greendeer develop a plan for his land. Near the top of the to-do list is getting people to reconsider what they deem to be weeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the seed of the wild carrot, this is what it looks like,” de la Terre said, sifting through seeds. “Some people call it Queen Anne's lace and they say it's a pretty nasty weed and they hate it, but you can eat it. It's a pretty strong tasting little white carrot, but it's edible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De la Terre, who is non-Native, and Greendeer are not alone in their efforts. Other members of the Ho-Chunk Nation are working to make sure the knowledge of indigenous plants and the act of gathering them are not lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Quackenbush is a tribal historic preservation officer for the Ho-Chunk Nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The gathering of plants is] still alive and well,” Quackenbush said, “but to a lesser degree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the knowledge of the native plants is not being passed down to youth as much as it was in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[They have] the convenience of going to the grocery store and working 40 hours a week and then buying canned goods,” he said. “This process here is what's being taught to our children nowadays, so the assimilation process takes place a little bit more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quackenbush says the historic loss of the Ho-Chunk land has also restricted tribal members from accessing indigenous plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69866\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 142px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/P1000024.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69866\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/P1000024-142x253.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Greendeer holds a dam support stick carved by the beavers while standing on one of the many beaver dams on his land in Vernon County. Photo credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\" width=\"142\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Greendeer holds a dam support stick carved by the beavers while standing on one of the many beaver dams on his land in Vernon County. Photo credit: Maureen McCollum/WPRenous plants.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Ho-Chunk Nation is taking steps to reintroduce the plants on the land it does own. For example, restoration work on its \u003cstrong>Šanak Ska, or White Otter, property\u003c/strong> brought back diverse native edibles. The land is used as an educational tool and also gives the tribal community a place to collect plants. Another similar project is in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De la Terre says non-Native people have a lot to learn from the Ho-Chunk, and she is seeing those efforts evolve in their own ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There [are] a lot of people trying to reconnect,” she said. “Bill's idea on his land is one of millions of people trying to do it. There's a bunch of people trying to grow gardens in their backyard -- that's their idea of reconnecting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greendeer says bringing back the native plants is just good for the environment, and the effort is going to take all cultures working together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it's up to everybody to take care of [the plants],” he said, “not just me or not just the Natives. We all have to learn to walk lightly and look around and see what we have.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Bill Greendeer has been letting indigenous plants return to his farm in southwest Wisconsin. The native plants are abundant and edible.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442692178,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":917},"headData":{"title":"Ho-Chunk Nation Promotes Native Edible Plants | KQED","description":"Bill Greendeer has been letting indigenous plants return to his farm in southwest Wisconsin. The native plants are abundant and edible.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Ho-Chunk Nation Promotes Native Edible Plants","datePublished":"2014-04-24T14:00:07.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T19:49:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"68137 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=68137","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/24/ho-chunk-nation-promotes-native-edible-plants/","disqusTitle":"Ho-Chunk Nation Promotes Native Edible Plants","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/68137/ho-chunk-nation-promotes-native-edible-plants","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Wisconsin/Radio/Stream/Nativeagriculture.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Wisconsin/Radio/Stream/Nativeagriculture.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69868\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-69868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/P1000023-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"While Bill Greendeer embraces the return of indigenous plants on his land, he also welcomes the native species. Photo credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">While Bill Greendeer embraces the return of indigenous plants on his land, he also welcomes the native species. Photo credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ancestors of the Ho-Chunk Nation survived off the land in western Wisconsin for thousands of years. With modern farming techniques and high-tech distractions, however, some tribal members are losing their connection to the native plants. Efforts are now underway to reintroduce indigenous plants to everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ho-Chunk member Bill Greendeer spoke to me as he made his way through a patch of cattails on his land. Soon the tops of the plants will be green and edible. And like many of the plants growing here, cattails have more than one use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dig down into here,” Greendeer said. “There's medicine that grows in the root of this one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greendeer is surrounded by food. A few feet away there is a cluster of watercress growing on top of a bubbling, cold-water stream. There's sumac in the distance, and milkweed and mint will soon be popping up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69867\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-69867\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/P1000016-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Greendeer peers into one of the freshwater springs on his land. Beds of hearty watercress grow on the water’s surface. Photo credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Greendeer peers into one of the freshwater springs on his land. Beds of hearty watercress grow on the water’s surface. Photo credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It's just amazing the foods that are out there and nobody has any idea about it,” Greendeer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greendeer's knowledge of native plants was part of his upbringing. He and his siblings would join their mother to collect ferns, flowers, and aronia berries in the forest. His father was a healer who taught him about the medicinal and spiritual qualities of plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Greendeer wants to pass on his knowledge of the indigenous plants to others. He wants to use his property as a teaching tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to try to teach people that you can actually survive out there without having to turn your fields over,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They talk about so many people starving on this side of the earth. If we actually got smart and learned what's out there, what we're walking in, we'd be able to provide a lot of food for people,” Greendeer continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69865\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69865\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/P1000030-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Greendeer and Juliee de la Terre are passionate about rewilding, or bringing back the native plants and animals, on not just Bill's land, but elsewhere throughout the area. Photo credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Greendeer and Juliee de la Terre are passionate about rewilding, or bringing back the native plants and animals, on not just Bill's land, but elsewhere throughout the area. Photo credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Juliee de la Terre is helping Greendeer develop a plan for his land. Near the top of the to-do list is getting people to reconsider what they deem to be weeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the seed of the wild carrot, this is what it looks like,” de la Terre said, sifting through seeds. “Some people call it Queen Anne's lace and they say it's a pretty nasty weed and they hate it, but you can eat it. It's a pretty strong tasting little white carrot, but it's edible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De la Terre, who is non-Native, and Greendeer are not alone in their efforts. Other members of the Ho-Chunk Nation are working to make sure the knowledge of indigenous plants and the act of gathering them are not lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Quackenbush is a tribal historic preservation officer for the Ho-Chunk Nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The gathering of plants is] still alive and well,” Quackenbush said, “but to a lesser degree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the knowledge of the native plants is not being passed down to youth as much as it was in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[They have] the convenience of going to the grocery store and working 40 hours a week and then buying canned goods,” he said. “This process here is what's being taught to our children nowadays, so the assimilation process takes place a little bit more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quackenbush says the historic loss of the Ho-Chunk land has also restricted tribal members from accessing indigenous plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69866\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 142px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/P1000024.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69866\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/P1000024-142x253.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Greendeer holds a dam support stick carved by the beavers while standing on one of the many beaver dams on his land in Vernon County. Photo credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\" width=\"142\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Greendeer holds a dam support stick carved by the beavers while standing on one of the many beaver dams on his land in Vernon County. Photo credit: Maureen McCollum/WPRenous plants.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Ho-Chunk Nation is taking steps to reintroduce the plants on the land it does own. For example, restoration work on its \u003cstrong>Šanak Ska, or White Otter, property\u003c/strong> brought back diverse native edibles. The land is used as an educational tool and also gives the tribal community a place to collect plants. Another similar project is in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De la Terre says non-Native people have a lot to learn from the Ho-Chunk, and she is seeing those efforts evolve in their own ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There [are] a lot of people trying to reconnect,” she said. “Bill's idea on his land is one of millions of people trying to do it. There's a bunch of people trying to grow gardens in their backyard -- that's their idea of reconnecting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greendeer says bringing back the native plants is just good for the environment, and the effort is going to take all cultures working together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it's up to everybody to take care of [the plants],” he said, “not just me or not just the Natives. We all have to learn to walk lightly and look around and see what we have.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/68137/ho-chunk-nation-promotes-native-edible-plants","authors":["10510"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3229"],"tags":["quest_85","quest_252","quest_12834","quest_1122","quest_12269","quest_12832","quest_3351","quest_12805","quest_1939","quest_2141","quest_12355","quest_13364","quest_12833"],"featImg":"quest_69963","label":"source_quest_68137"},"quest_44232":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_44232","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"44232","score":null,"sort":[1347980402000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-wildlife-mural-celebrates-its-third-birthday","title":"California Wildlife Mural Celebrates Its Third Birthday","publishDate":1347980402,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44268\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/18/california-wildlife-mural-celebrates-its-third-birthday/cougar/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44268\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/cougar.jpg\" alt=\"Zoom of mural by Debbie Bakker\" title=\"cougar\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44268\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/cougar.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/cougar-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"Coastal Range\" section of California wildlife mural by Debbie Bakker\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2009, after \u003ca href=\"http://westvalley.edu/\" title=\"West Valley College\">West Valley College\u003c/a> built its brand new biology building, a group of faculty stood in the natural history lab staring at a blank wall. \"It's too empty,\" they agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44280\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/18/california-wildlife-mural-celebrates-its-third-birthday/blank-wall/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44280\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/blank-wall-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Gallardo, Bakker, and Svensson discussing the mural with the blank wall in the background - photo by Molly Schrey\" title=\"blank wall\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gallardo, Bakker, and Svensson discussing the mural with the blank wall in the background - photo by Molly Schrey\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"How about a mural?\" suggested biology and genetics instructor \u003ca href=\"http://instruct.westvalley.edu/schrey/\" title=\"Molly Schrey\">Molly Schrey\u003c/a>. She knew an artist from her church, and asked the woman--\u003ca href=\"http://www.debbiebakker.com/index.html\" title=\"Debbie Bakker Art\">Debbie Bakker\u003c/a>--if she could paint a teaching mural. \"Of course,\" said Bakker, who was still in art school and had never attempted such a feat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bakker has worked as a teacher in both her homeland of Canada and her current habitat of San Jose, and she carries a lifelong passion for education. But for a long time, she says, \"I didn't draw because it was never good enough.\" She changed her mind one day on a field trip with her daughter's school class to visit an illustrator who did pen and ink drawings of historical buildings. \"I could do that,\" she thought, and began to take art classes at De Anza and West Valley College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44281\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 168px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/18/california-wildlife-mural-celebrates-its-third-birthday/working/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44281\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/working-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"Bakker working on the wildlife mural at West Valley College - photo by Molly Schrey\" title=\"working\" width=\"168\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bakker working on the wildlife mural at West Valley College - photo by Molly Schrey\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2007 Bakker enrolled in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.academyart.edu/\" title=\"Academy of Art University\">Academy of Art University\u003c/a> in San Francisco to work part-time toward a BFA. Eager to avoid a required digital art class (\"Old dog, new tricks,\" she explains succinctly), Bakker signed up for a replacement course in wildlife illustration--and fell in love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when the invitation came to paint a wildlife mural, Bakker wasn't about to say no. She talked to Schrey and the other biology instructors and put together a proposal, complete with scale drawings, that convinced the college administrators to hire her. Schrey credits the fact that the project ever got off the ground to West Valley's identity as a teaching-driven community college, rather than a high-powered research university. \"The instructors here all focus on people,\" she says. \"They're very open to collaborations like this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bakker worked continuously with ecologists \u003ca href=\"http://instruct.westvalley.edu/gallardo/\" title=\"Leticia Gallardo\">Leticia Gallardo\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://instruct.westvalley.edu/svensson/\" title=\"Peter Svensson\">Peter Svensson\u003c/a> to get everything right--not just anatomy, but behavior too. In the \"Sierra Yellow Pine\" region, a ponderosa pine showcases the classic activities of two woodland birds: a brown creeper creeps its way up the tree, while a red-breasted nuthatch climbs down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44282\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 359px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/18/california-wildlife-mural-celebrates-its-third-birthday/flowers_slug/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44282\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/flowers_slug-359x253.jpg\" alt=\"Wild ginger flowers and Steller's jays in the Coastal Range - Debbie Bakker\" title=\"flowers_slug\" width=\"359\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44282\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wild ginger flowers and Steller's jays in the Coastal Range - Debbie Bakker\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Partway through the project, Gallardo suggested each ecological region include appropriate wildflowers. There was no time to add them before the building's grand opening on August 31st, but Bakker painted them in afterward, and now they're one of the most striking aspects of the mural. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schrey would like to create a self-guided mural tour, perhaps a booklet that visitors could use to \"walk through\" the ecosystems identifying plants and animals. At the moment, regular tours are not scheduled; interested groups can \u003ca href=\"http://instruct.westvalley.edu/schrey/\" title=\"Molly Schrey\">contact Schrey\u003c/a> for potential viewing dates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Bakker, she finished her BFA in 2011 and is now illustrating an iPad children's book app that combines fictional animal stories with accurate natural history and educational games. It will be released by Byrne Publishing in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44283\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/18/california-wildlife-mural-celebrates-its-third-birthday/5768660_orig/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44283\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/5768660_orig-640x320.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration from a children's book app about animals and their habitats - Debbie Bakker\" title=\"5768660_orig\" width=\"640\" height=\"320\" class=\"size-large wp-image-44283\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration from a children's book app about animals and their habitats - Debbie Bakker\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In 2009, after West Valley College built its brand new biology building, a group of faculty stood in the natural history lab staring at a blank wall. \"It's too empty,\" they agreed. \"How about a mural?\" suggested biology and genetics instructor Molly Schrey.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1349809150,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":566},"headData":{"title":"California Wildlife Mural Celebrates Its Third Birthday | KQED","description":"In 2009, after West Valley College built its brand new biology building, a group of faculty stood in the natural history lab staring at a blank wall. "It's too empty," they agreed. "How about a mural?" suggested biology and genetics instructor Molly Schrey.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Wildlife Mural Celebrates Its Third Birthday","datePublished":"2012-09-18T15:00:02.000Z","dateModified":"2012-10-09T18:59:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"44232 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=44232","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/18/california-wildlife-mural-celebrates-its-third-birthday/","disqusTitle":"California Wildlife Mural Celebrates Its Third Birthday","path":"/quest/44232/california-wildlife-mural-celebrates-its-third-birthday","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44268\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/18/california-wildlife-mural-celebrates-its-third-birthday/cougar/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44268\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/cougar.jpg\" alt=\"Zoom of mural by Debbie Bakker\" title=\"cougar\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44268\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/cougar.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/cougar-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"Coastal Range\" section of California wildlife mural by Debbie Bakker\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2009, after \u003ca href=\"http://westvalley.edu/\" title=\"West Valley College\">West Valley College\u003c/a> built its brand new biology building, a group of faculty stood in the natural history lab staring at a blank wall. \"It's too empty,\" they agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44280\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/18/california-wildlife-mural-celebrates-its-third-birthday/blank-wall/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44280\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/blank-wall-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Gallardo, Bakker, and Svensson discussing the mural with the blank wall in the background - photo by Molly Schrey\" title=\"blank wall\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gallardo, Bakker, and Svensson discussing the mural with the blank wall in the background - photo by Molly Schrey\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"How about a mural?\" suggested biology and genetics instructor \u003ca href=\"http://instruct.westvalley.edu/schrey/\" title=\"Molly Schrey\">Molly Schrey\u003c/a>. She knew an artist from her church, and asked the woman--\u003ca href=\"http://www.debbiebakker.com/index.html\" title=\"Debbie Bakker Art\">Debbie Bakker\u003c/a>--if she could paint a teaching mural. \"Of course,\" said Bakker, who was still in art school and had never attempted such a feat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bakker has worked as a teacher in both her homeland of Canada and her current habitat of San Jose, and she carries a lifelong passion for education. But for a long time, she says, \"I didn't draw because it was never good enough.\" She changed her mind one day on a field trip with her daughter's school class to visit an illustrator who did pen and ink drawings of historical buildings. \"I could do that,\" she thought, and began to take art classes at De Anza and West Valley College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44281\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 168px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/18/california-wildlife-mural-celebrates-its-third-birthday/working/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44281\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/working-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"Bakker working on the wildlife mural at West Valley College - photo by Molly Schrey\" title=\"working\" width=\"168\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bakker working on the wildlife mural at West Valley College - photo by Molly Schrey\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2007 Bakker enrolled in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.academyart.edu/\" title=\"Academy of Art University\">Academy of Art University\u003c/a> in San Francisco to work part-time toward a BFA. Eager to avoid a required digital art class (\"Old dog, new tricks,\" she explains succinctly), Bakker signed up for a replacement course in wildlife illustration--and fell in love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when the invitation came to paint a wildlife mural, Bakker wasn't about to say no. She talked to Schrey and the other biology instructors and put together a proposal, complete with scale drawings, that convinced the college administrators to hire her. Schrey credits the fact that the project ever got off the ground to West Valley's identity as a teaching-driven community college, rather than a high-powered research university. \"The instructors here all focus on people,\" she says. \"They're very open to collaborations like this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bakker worked continuously with ecologists \u003ca href=\"http://instruct.westvalley.edu/gallardo/\" title=\"Leticia Gallardo\">Leticia Gallardo\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://instruct.westvalley.edu/svensson/\" title=\"Peter Svensson\">Peter Svensson\u003c/a> to get everything right--not just anatomy, but behavior too. In the \"Sierra Yellow Pine\" region, a ponderosa pine showcases the classic activities of two woodland birds: a brown creeper creeps its way up the tree, while a red-breasted nuthatch climbs down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44282\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 359px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/18/california-wildlife-mural-celebrates-its-third-birthday/flowers_slug/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44282\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/flowers_slug-359x253.jpg\" alt=\"Wild ginger flowers and Steller's jays in the Coastal Range - Debbie Bakker\" title=\"flowers_slug\" width=\"359\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44282\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wild ginger flowers and Steller's jays in the Coastal Range - Debbie Bakker\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Partway through the project, Gallardo suggested each ecological region include appropriate wildflowers. There was no time to add them before the building's grand opening on August 31st, but Bakker painted them in afterward, and now they're one of the most striking aspects of the mural. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schrey would like to create a self-guided mural tour, perhaps a booklet that visitors could use to \"walk through\" the ecosystems identifying plants and animals. At the moment, regular tours are not scheduled; interested groups can \u003ca href=\"http://instruct.westvalley.edu/schrey/\" title=\"Molly Schrey\">contact Schrey\u003c/a> for potential viewing dates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Bakker, she finished her BFA in 2011 and is now illustrating an iPad children's book app that combines fictional animal stories with accurate natural history and educational games. It will be released by Byrne Publishing in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44283\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/18/california-wildlife-mural-celebrates-its-third-birthday/5768660_orig/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44283\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/5768660_orig-640x320.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration from a children's book app about animals and their habitats - Debbie Bakker\" title=\"5768660_orig\" width=\"640\" height=\"320\" class=\"size-large wp-image-44283\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration from a children's book app about animals and their habitats - Debbie Bakker\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/44232/california-wildlife-mural-celebrates-its-third-birthday","authors":["6324"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_11460","quest_921","quest_3351","quest_11459","quest_11462","quest_1939","quest_11461","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_11458","quest_3155"],"featImg":"quest_44268","label":"quest"},"quest_21058":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_21058","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"21058","score":null,"sort":[1311615980000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"climate-change-favors-invasive-species-in-california-grasslands","title":"Climate Change Favors Invasive Species in California Grasslands","publishDate":1311615980,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21062\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/25/climate-change-favors-invasive-species-in-california-grasslands/tomspoint/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21062\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-21062\" title=\"TomsPoint\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/TomsPoint-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grasses blow in the wind near Toms Point in Marin County, on the east side of Tomales Bay. Most of the grasses in the photo are exotic. Photo: Brody Sandel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s grasslands are some of the most heavily invaded habitats in the state. As the climate changes—temperatures increase and water becomes scarcer—the conditions will favor exotic grasses, which will become even more prevalent. These are the conclusions drawn by Brody Sandel, a post-doc at Aarhus University in Denmark, and Emily Dangremond, a grad student at UC Berkeley, in their recent paper, \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02480.x/full\">\"\u003cem>Climate change and the invasion of California by grasses\u003c/em>\"\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1354-1013\">Global Change Biology\u003c/a>. They studied the traits of native and exotic grasses. Many of the characteristics that make an exotic grass successful in a new habitat (tall stature, big leaves, big seeds) will also be beneficial traits in the world to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Full disclosure here: Brody, Emily and I were all grad students together in the same \u003ca href=\"http://ib.berkeley.edu/labs/sousa/\">lab at UC Berkeley\u003c/a>. So when Emily told me she had a new paper, I was curious to see what it was all about. It turns out their study is really cool. It looks at the interaction of two major world-changers: invasive species and climate change. Their paper talks about exotic species—species that are not native to a particular habitat but are not necessarily detrimental, and noxious weeds—species that are somehow disruptive, because they outcompete native species or alter the habitat. Noxious weeds are what we would also call invasive plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brody and Emily’s study draws on existing datasets on current plant distribution across the state, plant traits, and current and future climate. They mapped the distribution of all the different species in California grasslands, using data from the Jepson Manual (the bible of California plant life), and a few other sources, to fill out an 800-cell grid of the state. They looked at the traits of the species—including how tall the plants are, whether they are annual or perennial, how much of their leaf mass comes from nitrogen, and the size of their seeds—and examined how the traits relate to the climate where the plants live today. Especially important was the proportion of exotic species in each of the grid cells. Then they turned up the temperature. They predicted the proportion of exotic species in each grid under climate change scenarios: higher average temperatures and less available water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that as the temperature increases and water availability decreases, the proportion of exotic species increases. And, the proportion of noxious weeds increases. Higher temperatures favor traits that tend to be possessed by exotic species, such as tall plants with big leaves and annual lifestyles. These are the same traits that made the plants successful invaders in the first place. For example, a tall plant extends above a short plant, stealing its light. But burly exotic plants like Holcus lanatus outcompete native species for light. And generally, plants with big seeds grow to be hearty seedlings, which are better competitors than scrappy little seedlings grown from modest sized seeds. This study predicts that noxious weeds will become even more prevalent, because they have traits that will serve them well under the conditions of climate change. The changing climate acts as a filter, straining out the native species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21065\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Holcus.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-21065\" title=\"Holcus\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Holcus.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The noxious weed Holcus lanatus, a.k.a. “The Hulk,” so named because it towers above native grasses and outcompetes them for light. Photo courtesy of Brody Sandel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Years ago, I asked a grad student friend why she studied grasslands. I just couldn’t understand the appeal of a field of grass—it seemed boring. My friend Tasha explained that she just loved the way grasses look when they blow in the wind. A few weeks later, I went with her to her field site near Point Reyes, and I immediately understood the aesthetic appeal of grasslands. If you’re picturing a green manicured lawn with short little blades of grass, toss that idea right now. Instead, think of taller grasses, shin height or higher, in all shades of green, brown, gold and even purple. Think of the colors shifting as the wind blows. It is really a beautiful sight. California’s grasslands are expected to expand as the climate changes. But the inhabitants of these grasslands won’t be the grasses that were there 100 or 200 years ago. Instead, there will be a bunch of weeds blowing in the wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about the interplay between California’s native plants and exotic species, check out the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnps.org/\">California Native Plant Society\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cal-ipc.org/\">California Invasive Plant Council\u003c/a>, or take a \u003ca href=\"http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/workshops/\">workshop\u003c/a> with the \u003ca href=\"http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/jeps/\">Jepson Herbarium\u003c/a> at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California’s grasslands are some of the most heavily invaded habitats in the state. As the climate changes—temperatures increase and water becomes scarcer—the conditions will favor exotic grasses, which will become even more prevalent.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366755162,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":803},"headData":{"title":"Climate Change Favors Invasive Species in California Grasslands | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Climate Change Favors Invasive Species in California Grasslands","datePublished":"2011-07-25T17:46:20.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-23T22:12:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"21058 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=21058","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/25/climate-change-favors-invasive-species-in-california-grasslands/","disqusTitle":"Climate Change Favors Invasive Species in California Grasslands","path":"/quest/21058/climate-change-favors-invasive-species-in-california-grasslands","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21062\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/25/climate-change-favors-invasive-species-in-california-grasslands/tomspoint/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21062\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-21062\" title=\"TomsPoint\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/TomsPoint-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grasses blow in the wind near Toms Point in Marin County, on the east side of Tomales Bay. Most of the grasses in the photo are exotic. Photo: Brody Sandel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s grasslands are some of the most heavily invaded habitats in the state. As the climate changes—temperatures increase and water becomes scarcer—the conditions will favor exotic grasses, which will become even more prevalent. These are the conclusions drawn by Brody Sandel, a post-doc at Aarhus University in Denmark, and Emily Dangremond, a grad student at UC Berkeley, in their recent paper, \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02480.x/full\">\"\u003cem>Climate change and the invasion of California by grasses\u003c/em>\"\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1354-1013\">Global Change Biology\u003c/a>. They studied the traits of native and exotic grasses. Many of the characteristics that make an exotic grass successful in a new habitat (tall stature, big leaves, big seeds) will also be beneficial traits in the world to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Full disclosure here: Brody, Emily and I were all grad students together in the same \u003ca href=\"http://ib.berkeley.edu/labs/sousa/\">lab at UC Berkeley\u003c/a>. So when Emily told me she had a new paper, I was curious to see what it was all about. It turns out their study is really cool. It looks at the interaction of two major world-changers: invasive species and climate change. Their paper talks about exotic species—species that are not native to a particular habitat but are not necessarily detrimental, and noxious weeds—species that are somehow disruptive, because they outcompete native species or alter the habitat. Noxious weeds are what we would also call invasive plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brody and Emily’s study draws on existing datasets on current plant distribution across the state, plant traits, and current and future climate. They mapped the distribution of all the different species in California grasslands, using data from the Jepson Manual (the bible of California plant life), and a few other sources, to fill out an 800-cell grid of the state. They looked at the traits of the species—including how tall the plants are, whether they are annual or perennial, how much of their leaf mass comes from nitrogen, and the size of their seeds—and examined how the traits relate to the climate where the plants live today. Especially important was the proportion of exotic species in each of the grid cells. Then they turned up the temperature. They predicted the proportion of exotic species in each grid under climate change scenarios: higher average temperatures and less available water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that as the temperature increases and water availability decreases, the proportion of exotic species increases. And, the proportion of noxious weeds increases. Higher temperatures favor traits that tend to be possessed by exotic species, such as tall plants with big leaves and annual lifestyles. These are the same traits that made the plants successful invaders in the first place. For example, a tall plant extends above a short plant, stealing its light. But burly exotic plants like Holcus lanatus outcompete native species for light. And generally, plants with big seeds grow to be hearty seedlings, which are better competitors than scrappy little seedlings grown from modest sized seeds. This study predicts that noxious weeds will become even more prevalent, because they have traits that will serve them well under the conditions of climate change. The changing climate acts as a filter, straining out the native species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21065\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Holcus.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-21065\" title=\"Holcus\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Holcus.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The noxious weed Holcus lanatus, a.k.a. “The Hulk,” so named because it towers above native grasses and outcompetes them for light. Photo courtesy of Brody Sandel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Years ago, I asked a grad student friend why she studied grasslands. I just couldn’t understand the appeal of a field of grass—it seemed boring. My friend Tasha explained that she just loved the way grasses look when they blow in the wind. A few weeks later, I went with her to her field site near Point Reyes, and I immediately understood the aesthetic appeal of grasslands. If you’re picturing a green manicured lawn with short little blades of grass, toss that idea right now. Instead, think of taller grasses, shin height or higher, in all shades of green, brown, gold and even purple. Think of the colors shifting as the wind blows. It is really a beautiful sight. California’s grasslands are expected to expand as the climate changes. But the inhabitants of these grasslands won’t be the grasses that were there 100 or 200 years ago. Instead, there will be a bunch of weeds blowing in the wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about the interplay between California’s native plants and exotic species, check out the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnps.org/\">California Native Plant Society\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cal-ipc.org/\">California Invasive Plant Council\u003c/a>, or take a \u003ca href=\"http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/workshops/\">workshop\u003c/a> with the \u003ca href=\"http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/jeps/\">Jepson Herbarium\u003c/a> at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/21058/climate-change-favors-invasive-species-in-california-grasslands","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_13195","quest_621","quest_9904","quest_9906","quest_9907","quest_1489","quest_1938","quest_1939","quest_9905","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_21062","label":"quest"},"quest_715":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_715","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"715","score":null,"sort":[1217032489000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"hiking-through-jasper-ridge-biological-preserve","title":"Hiking Through Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve","publishDate":1217032489,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/sunshot11.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://jrbp.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve\u003c/a> can easily be missed: just off Highway 280 in the city of Woodside, the entrance is blocked by a rusted metal gate with a small sign that reads 'No Tresspassing, Area Patrolled.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some of the folks at QUEST - including yours truly - got a special tour of the preserve. I joined reporter David Gorn and biologist Scott Loarie on a three hour hike around Jasper Ridge's Searsville Lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I learned that plant-life on the preserve, and most endemic California plant-life, are in trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least, that's what Loarie and his team at Stanford predict. \"If plants can't adapt to the climate changes,\" says Loarie, \"Then by the end of the century two-thirds of California plants face an 80 percent reduction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So which plants are most likely to go as the global climate changes, well, the plants that have a hard time with seed dispersion. Plants like Bay Laurel, the California Buckeye, Madrone and the Western Burning Bush have seeds that aren't easily dispersed. This gives them a very concentrated zone for growth. If the climate shifts slightly in that particular region, then the these California natives could all die out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/laurel1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Bay Laurel\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plants that do have an easier time are those with a wide seed dispersion - like the beautiful but dangerous Poison Oak, the Coyote Bush, Clarkia, Virgin's Bower and Box Elder Maple. These plants all have small seeds that are easily dispersed by the wind, or by birds. By dispersing their seeds to various climates, these plants will have a better chance of surviving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/virgin11.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Virgin's Bower\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So which California plants will survive a century from now? It's hard to say. But what is definite is that preserves like Jasper Ridge are crucial for monitoring and protecting California's unique plant life.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/disappearing-plants\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/tv_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>View a slideshow of the\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/disappearing-plants\">\"Disappearing Plants\" Radio Report\u003c/a> online, as well as find additional links and resources.\u003cbr>\n37.404946 -122.244593\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California's plant life is reducing as the climate changes. A hike through Jasper Ridge Biological Reserve in Woodside, California, reveals that some plants have a better chance at surviving than others.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366755153,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":335},"headData":{"title":"Hiking Through Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve | KQED","description":"California's plant life is reducing as the climate changes. A hike through Jasper Ridge Biological Reserve in Woodside, California, reveals that some plants have a better chance at surviving than others.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Hiking Through Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve","datePublished":"2008-07-26T00:34:49.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-23T22:12:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"715 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=715","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/07/25/hiking-through-jasper-ridge-biological-preserve/","disqusTitle":"Hiking Through Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve","path":"/quest/715/hiking-through-jasper-ridge-biological-preserve","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/sunshot11.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://jrbp.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve\u003c/a> can easily be missed: just off Highway 280 in the city of Woodside, the entrance is blocked by a rusted metal gate with a small sign that reads 'No Tresspassing, Area Patrolled.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some of the folks at QUEST - including yours truly - got a special tour of the preserve. I joined reporter David Gorn and biologist Scott Loarie on a three hour hike around Jasper Ridge's Searsville Lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I learned that plant-life on the preserve, and most endemic California plant-life, are in trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least, that's what Loarie and his team at Stanford predict. \"If plants can't adapt to the climate changes,\" says Loarie, \"Then by the end of the century two-thirds of California plants face an 80 percent reduction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So which plants are most likely to go as the global climate changes, well, the plants that have a hard time with seed dispersion. Plants like Bay Laurel, the California Buckeye, Madrone and the Western Burning Bush have seeds that aren't easily dispersed. This gives them a very concentrated zone for growth. If the climate shifts slightly in that particular region, then the these California natives could all die out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/laurel1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Bay Laurel\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plants that do have an easier time are those with a wide seed dispersion - like the beautiful but dangerous Poison Oak, the Coyote Bush, Clarkia, Virgin's Bower and Box Elder Maple. These plants all have small seeds that are easily dispersed by the wind, or by birds. By dispersing their seeds to various climates, these plants will have a better chance of surviving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/virgin11.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Virgin's Bower\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So which California plants will survive a century from now? It's hard to say. But what is definite is that preserves like Jasper Ridge are crucial for monitoring and protecting California's unique plant life.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/disappearing-plants\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/tv_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>View a slideshow of the\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/disappearing-plants\">\"Disappearing Plants\" Radio Report\u003c/a> online, as well as find additional links and resources.\u003cbr>\n37.404946 -122.244593\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/715/hiking-through-jasper-ridge-biological-preserve","authors":["162"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_291","quest_326","quest_13193","quest_438","quest_441","quest_611","quest_13195","quest_621","quest_926","quest_13198","quest_1224","quest_1519","quest_3351","quest_1710","quest_1939","quest_2141","quest_2219","quest_2249","quest_2349","quest_3080","quest_3182"],"label":"quest"},"quest_15181":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_15181","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"15181","score":null,"sort":[1185913241000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bothenapa-valley-state-park-exploration","title":"Exploring Bothe-Napa Valley State Park","publishDate":1185913241,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/bothe-napa-valley-state-park-exploration/map?%20embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp align=\"center\">\u003cem>This Exploration created in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/explo_logo_black3.gif\" border=\"0\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A visit to \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=477\">Bothe-Napa Valley State Park\u003c/a> allows hikers to make a trip back in time. The park is a still-forested hill nestled among several of the famous valley's wineries. It stands as a reminder of the natural flora and fauna of the area before much of it was cleared to create vineyards. Though the trees and other plants have been largely removed from the land used as vineyards, the soils and microclimates that have drawn grape growers for over 100 years remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park is also teeming with plants used by Native Americans in the region, who were likely the first people to use the Valley's bounties to make intoxicating concoctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003ch2>Visiting the Park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=477\" target=\"_blank\">Bothe-Napa Valley State Park\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n3801 St. Helena Highway North\u003cbr>\nCalistoga, CA 94515\u003cbr>\n707-942-4575 \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Directions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>5 miles north of St. Helena and 4 miles south of Calistoga on Highway 29/128.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>South - Near the Coast\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTake Highway 101 north to Highway 37 at Novato, east on Highway 37 to Highway 121, north on Highway 121 to Highway 29 near Napa, north on Highway 29 to the park entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>South - Inland\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTake I5 north to I580, west on I580 to I680, north to I780, north to I80, east to Highway 37, west to Highway 29, north on Highway 29 to the park entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>North - Near the Coast\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTake Highway 101 south to Calistoga exit, go east on Mark West Rd., continuing on Porter Creek Rd. to Petrified Forest Rd., turn left, go to Highway 128, turn right and follow Highway 128 past Calistoga to the park entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>North-Inland\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTake I5 south to Highway 20, west to Highway 53, south to Highway 29 at Lower Lake, then south on Highway 29 to the park entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>East\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTake I80 west to Highway 12, west to Highway 29, then north to the park entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Activities\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hiking\u003c/strong>: there are well over 10 miles of trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Swimming\u003c/strong>: Memorial Day weekend through mid-June, then daily through Labor Day, from 12- 6 p.m. There is an additional fee for the use of the swimming pool, to be paid at the park entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Horseback riding\u003c/strong>: horseback ride during the spring, summer, or fall. Reservations for horseback rides can be made through \u003ca href=\"http://triplecreekhorseoutfit.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Triple Creek Horse Outfit\u003c/a> by calling (707) 933-1600.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Picnics\u003c/strong>: The large picnic grounds are located in the day use area, and are even available for group events and getaways. A covered area for group use contains picnic tables, a sink and an electrical outlet with a horseshoe pit and wheelchair-accessible restroom nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Interpretive programs\u003c/strong>: offered throughout the year. Special programs can sometimes be arranged for groups by calling the park in advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Seasons/Climate Recommended Clothing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The park exhibits more seasonal changes than most Californians experience. Hot, dry summers change to mild, wet winters; in between, in spring and fall, the park and its surrounding area are probably at their finest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer temperatures may reach 105 degrees Fahrenheit, but nights are usually cool. In the fall, when daytime temperatures are more pleasant, the leaves begin to turn, creating a dramatic and colorful display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Temperatures don't often go below freezing and snow is infrequent, but nearly 45 inches of rain are apt to fall during a single winter - between December and March.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More about the park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most of the park is rugged, with elevations ranging from 300 to 2,000 feet. You will notice a pattern in the vegetation: the forests are on the north-facing slopes and in canyons, while south-facing slopes tend to be brushy; redwoods grow only near creeks or springs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plant life hides much of the park's geology, which is principally volcanic, but you can see a reminder of the area's violent geologic past in the volcanic ash cliffs of upper Ritchey Canyon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park is home to raccoons, gray squirrels, deer, foxes, bobcats, and coyotes to name a few, but they are sometimes difficult to spot because of their nocturnal habits and the heavy forest cover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several species of birds can be easily detected though, including the six kinds of woodpecker that inhabit the park. The spectacular crow-sized pileated woodpecker is one of them. On a more rare occasion a spotted owl can be found, perched high in a redwood tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Located by the entrance to the park is the Visitor Center. The Visitor Center and entrance station are open intermittently when staffing is available. Brochures (hiking maps) are also available by mail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next to the park's visitor center is the Native American Garden which displays some of the plants important to the first people of this area. Today, many of the same plants are used by the Wappo people. A guide for the garden is available by mail or in the visitor center to broaden one's understanding of the first people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near the day use/picnic area is the Pioneer Cemetery, resting-place of some of the original settlers of the Napa Valley. The cemetery is an interesting place to visit while on a day hike, and is currently under restoration to return it to its original, mid-1800's appearance.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Wine Science\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"Bright, accessible fruit.\" \"Complex minerality.\" \"Rounded corners.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/ex-pinot.jpg\">\u003c/span> Wait a minute... wine has corners? Well, in a manner of speaking. What wine definitely has is complex chemistry that changes over time, and lends each vintage its own distinctive taste-- one that reflects the environment the grapes are grown in and the scientific decisions of the winemaker. The resulting tastes and aromas are so intricate that wine lovers have their own rich vocabulary to describe them. (We'll get to those \"corners\" in a minute.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Acid Test\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The acids in wine are important in lending a crisp, fresh taste that balances the natural sweetness of the grapes and helps give the wine liveliness. Too much acid, though, makes a wine taste sharp, and too little leaves it lifeless. There's a bit of personal preference involved here, too: just as some people favor grapefruit over apple juice, some wine drinkers prefer a more acidic wine. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/ex-vineyard.jpg\">\u003c/span>Acidity can also reflect the climate in which the grapes were grown. As they grow, grapes produce two acids, tartaric and malic, and compounds derived from these acids are found in finished wine. Grapes grown in cooler temperatures will typically be more acidic than those grown in warmer climes because in warmer temperatures, the grapes can \"sweat out\" some of their acids through respiration. What does this mean for you as a wine drinker? You can expect a Chardonnay from the somewhat toasty Napa Valley to be less acidic than one from the cooler Burgundy region of France. This is one clue an experienced wine taster can use in determining the region where a wine's grapes were grown.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tannins and Tinted Teeth\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tannins are an altogether different family of chemicals and flavors (though some wine tasters confuse the two). To sense the difference, swish a sip of wine between your teeth. The acid will make your mouth water. The tannins will leave behind a dry, astringent feeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Found mostly in red wines, tannins are a group of chemicals that lend body and structure to a wine (those mysterious \"rounded corners\"). Tannins readily bind with proteins in your saliva and can stick to your teeth when you swish-- leaving serious tasters somewhat burgundy-toothed. Wines with lots of tannin are sometimes considered \"big,\" because they have a dense texture, though a wine that's \"too big\" can taste harsh. Highly tannic wines can be tempered by fatty foods, like bleu cheese, which coat your mouth and keep the tannins from reacting with your saliva.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/ex-grapes.jpg\">\u003c/span>Wine acquires tannins from grape stems, skins, and seeds, and from wood if it's aged in oak barrels. Winemakers can control tannin level in a wine by altering factors like how long the juice remains in contact with the skin after the grapes are crushed and how long the wine is aged. They consider not only the flavor of the wine, but whether or not they intend for it to be consumed soon after bottling or to be aged.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Uncorking a Great Debate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A wine's tannins soften as it ages, so highly tannic wines are good candidates for the cellar. Wine researchers don't have a clear understanding of exactly what happens chemically as a wine ages, but they do know that the changes are fueled by oxygen. The wine itself contains some of the gas when it's bottled, and tiny amounts of oxygen seep in around the cork. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The importance of the \"leaky cork\" in the aging process is central to a debate raging in the wine community. While corks have a romantic aesthetic and may contribute to the maturing of a fine wine, they are also responsible for most of the spoilage that occurs. \"Cork taint\" results when a cork contains one of a number of compounds that impart a musty or medicinal smell to a finished wine. Cork taint affects between 5 and 8 percent of wine bottles, a significant enough percentage to send winemakers looking for other options. One of them, the screw cap, has been both lauded as a savior and dismissed with indifference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winemakers from Down Under-- Australia and New Zealand-- have taken the lead in pushing this alternative to corks. Advocates note there's no worry of contamination from a screw cap and it provides an airtight seal that can prevent oxidation. But screw caps don't quite carry the allure of a cork. And from a scientific perspective, can a wine still age finely without the tiny bit of oxygen afforded entry by a cork? It's hard for wine researchers to answer this question, since there's no clear picture of exactly what's going on inside the jug. The jury may be out for years, until connoisseurs open their decade-old screw-capped bottles and confer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\"Manipulation\" vs. \"Cheating\"\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/ex-tools.jpg\">\u003c/span>Have a look at a wine label and you'll see items like alcohol content, the producer, and the vintage year. What you won't see is a list of ingredients. While it's true that wine is pretty much just grapes and the yeasts used to ferment them, winemakers will often tweak flavors or coax a developing process along. Winemaking regulations differ throughout the world; in sweltering California, it's common practice to dilute wine with water to control the high alcohol content that results from sugary-ripe grapes, or to add acid lost through respiration. Such embellishments are forbidden in more temperate Burgundy, where winemakers often add sugar (a process banned in California) to make up for its lower content in their fruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These types of manipulations occur before adding yeast, and are viewed by most wine enthusiasts as corrections to the deficiencies of nature. Other tweaks, however, are made after yeast is added, and might be viewed differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the most visible example is the sulfites that are often added to wine. These compounds keep harmful bacteria and other microbes at bay, but some consumers say they'd prefer wines without them. In response, a number of organic wineries have adopted a \"no sulfites\" practice. Many wine aficionados argue that it's difficult to make a good quality wine without sulfites, and that, since sulfites already occur naturally in small amounts during fermentation, people don't actually avoid them just by drinking organic wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/ex-barrels.jpg\">\u003c/span>More subtle questions also arise around manipulations that can alter the taste or aging process of a wine in ways that might seem artificial. A winemaker can choose to age his latest batch in newer barrels to impart an oakier flavor. Or he could speed up the aging process by injecting small amounts of oxygen into the barrel (a process known as microoxygenation). Both actions intentionally alter the wine. While the first method is one that's been practiced for centuries, the second is relatively new. Does that make the newer one \"cheating\"? Some wine drinkers would say that whatever improves the quality of the wine counts the most, while others would argue that using more traditional methods preserves the integrity of the winemaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You won't read about these behind-the-scenes manipulations on a wine label, but there's still a lot to be learned from the packaging. Knowing where a wine is produced, for example, can give you clues to how it might taste (remember the \"lower acidity in warmer climates\" hint?). If you know what you're looking for, the label can help you discern whether all the grapes are from the same region or, if it's a blend, how much of each kind of grape is used. There are many types of grapes, called varietals, each having its own unique qualities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes labels include a description of the wine's flavors; try tasting the wine and see if the description matches your experience. For more of a challenge, spend some time contemplating a wine's aroma. \u003ca href=\"http://www.aromadictionary.com/winearomas.html\">Download these lists\u003c/a> with common terms used to characterize scents found in a wine's bouquet. With a little practice, you just might find yourself talking about \"grapefruit,\" \"pepper,\" and those no-longer-elusive \"rounded corners.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to David W. Graves of \u003ca href=\"http://www.saintsbury.com/\">Saintsbury Vineyard\u003c/a> for his kind assistance providing insights for this Exploration.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/477027@N22\">Bothe-Napa Valley State Park photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/california/napaCA1978/napaCA1978.pdf\">Soil Survey of Napa County, California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca>The Sparkling Science of Champagne\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/food/\">Check Please! Bay Area - KQED\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Bothe-Napa Valley State Park stands as a reminder of the natural flora and fauna of the area before much of it was cleared to create vineyards. However, the soils and microclimates that have drawn grape growers for over 100 years remain. The park is also teeming with plants used by Native Americans in the region, who were likely the first people to use the Valley's bounties to make intoxicating concoctions.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450469741,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.everytrail.com/guide/bothe-napa-valley-state-park-exploration/map"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":46,"wordCount":2278},"headData":{"title":"Exploring Bothe-Napa Valley State Park | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Exploring Bothe-Napa Valley State Park","datePublished":"2007-07-31T20:20:41.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-18T20:15:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"15181 http://science.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/bothenapa-valley-state-park-exploration/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/07/31/bothenapa-valley-state-park-exploration/","disqusTitle":"Exploring Bothe-Napa Valley State Park","source":"Science Hike","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/tag/science-hike/","WpOldSlug":"duplicate-of-exploring-mt-diablo-state-park","path":"/quest/15181/bothenapa-valley-state-park-exploration","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/bothe-napa-valley-state-park-exploration/map?%20embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp align=\"center\">\u003cem>This Exploration created in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/explo_logo_black3.gif\" border=\"0\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A visit to \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=477\">Bothe-Napa Valley State Park\u003c/a> allows hikers to make a trip back in time. The park is a still-forested hill nestled among several of the famous valley's wineries. It stands as a reminder of the natural flora and fauna of the area before much of it was cleared to create vineyards. Though the trees and other plants have been largely removed from the land used as vineyards, the soils and microclimates that have drawn grape growers for over 100 years remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park is also teeming with plants used by Native Americans in the region, who were likely the first people to use the Valley's bounties to make intoxicating concoctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003ch2>Visiting the Park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=477\" target=\"_blank\">Bothe-Napa Valley State Park\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n3801 St. Helena Highway North\u003cbr>\nCalistoga, CA 94515\u003cbr>\n707-942-4575 \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Directions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>5 miles north of St. Helena and 4 miles south of Calistoga on Highway 29/128.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>South - Near the Coast\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTake Highway 101 north to Highway 37 at Novato, east on Highway 37 to Highway 121, north on Highway 121 to Highway 29 near Napa, north on Highway 29 to the park entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>South - Inland\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTake I5 north to I580, west on I580 to I680, north to I780, north to I80, east to Highway 37, west to Highway 29, north on Highway 29 to the park entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>North - Near the Coast\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTake Highway 101 south to Calistoga exit, go east on Mark West Rd., continuing on Porter Creek Rd. to Petrified Forest Rd., turn left, go to Highway 128, turn right and follow Highway 128 past Calistoga to the park entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>North-Inland\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTake I5 south to Highway 20, west to Highway 53, south to Highway 29 at Lower Lake, then south on Highway 29 to the park entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>East\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTake I80 west to Highway 12, west to Highway 29, then north to the park entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Activities\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hiking\u003c/strong>: there are well over 10 miles of trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Swimming\u003c/strong>: Memorial Day weekend through mid-June, then daily through Labor Day, from 12- 6 p.m. There is an additional fee for the use of the swimming pool, to be paid at the park entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Horseback riding\u003c/strong>: horseback ride during the spring, summer, or fall. Reservations for horseback rides can be made through \u003ca href=\"http://triplecreekhorseoutfit.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Triple Creek Horse Outfit\u003c/a> by calling (707) 933-1600.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Picnics\u003c/strong>: The large picnic grounds are located in the day use area, and are even available for group events and getaways. A covered area for group use contains picnic tables, a sink and an electrical outlet with a horseshoe pit and wheelchair-accessible restroom nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Interpretive programs\u003c/strong>: offered throughout the year. Special programs can sometimes be arranged for groups by calling the park in advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Seasons/Climate Recommended Clothing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The park exhibits more seasonal changes than most Californians experience. Hot, dry summers change to mild, wet winters; in between, in spring and fall, the park and its surrounding area are probably at their finest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer temperatures may reach 105 degrees Fahrenheit, but nights are usually cool. In the fall, when daytime temperatures are more pleasant, the leaves begin to turn, creating a dramatic and colorful display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Temperatures don't often go below freezing and snow is infrequent, but nearly 45 inches of rain are apt to fall during a single winter - between December and March.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More about the park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most of the park is rugged, with elevations ranging from 300 to 2,000 feet. You will notice a pattern in the vegetation: the forests are on the north-facing slopes and in canyons, while south-facing slopes tend to be brushy; redwoods grow only near creeks or springs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plant life hides much of the park's geology, which is principally volcanic, but you can see a reminder of the area's violent geologic past in the volcanic ash cliffs of upper Ritchey Canyon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park is home to raccoons, gray squirrels, deer, foxes, bobcats, and coyotes to name a few, but they are sometimes difficult to spot because of their nocturnal habits and the heavy forest cover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several species of birds can be easily detected though, including the six kinds of woodpecker that inhabit the park. The spectacular crow-sized pileated woodpecker is one of them. On a more rare occasion a spotted owl can be found, perched high in a redwood tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Located by the entrance to the park is the Visitor Center. The Visitor Center and entrance station are open intermittently when staffing is available. Brochures (hiking maps) are also available by mail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next to the park's visitor center is the Native American Garden which displays some of the plants important to the first people of this area. Today, many of the same plants are used by the Wappo people. A guide for the garden is available by mail or in the visitor center to broaden one's understanding of the first people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near the day use/picnic area is the Pioneer Cemetery, resting-place of some of the original settlers of the Napa Valley. The cemetery is an interesting place to visit while on a day hike, and is currently under restoration to return it to its original, mid-1800's appearance.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Wine Science\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"Bright, accessible fruit.\" \"Complex minerality.\" \"Rounded corners.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/ex-pinot.jpg\">\u003c/span> Wait a minute... wine has corners? Well, in a manner of speaking. What wine definitely has is complex chemistry that changes over time, and lends each vintage its own distinctive taste-- one that reflects the environment the grapes are grown in and the scientific decisions of the winemaker. The resulting tastes and aromas are so intricate that wine lovers have their own rich vocabulary to describe them. (We'll get to those \"corners\" in a minute.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Acid Test\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The acids in wine are important in lending a crisp, fresh taste that balances the natural sweetness of the grapes and helps give the wine liveliness. Too much acid, though, makes a wine taste sharp, and too little leaves it lifeless. There's a bit of personal preference involved here, too: just as some people favor grapefruit over apple juice, some wine drinkers prefer a more acidic wine. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/ex-vineyard.jpg\">\u003c/span>Acidity can also reflect the climate in which the grapes were grown. As they grow, grapes produce two acids, tartaric and malic, and compounds derived from these acids are found in finished wine. Grapes grown in cooler temperatures will typically be more acidic than those grown in warmer climes because in warmer temperatures, the grapes can \"sweat out\" some of their acids through respiration. What does this mean for you as a wine drinker? You can expect a Chardonnay from the somewhat toasty Napa Valley to be less acidic than one from the cooler Burgundy region of France. This is one clue an experienced wine taster can use in determining the region where a wine's grapes were grown.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tannins and Tinted Teeth\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tannins are an altogether different family of chemicals and flavors (though some wine tasters confuse the two). To sense the difference, swish a sip of wine between your teeth. The acid will make your mouth water. The tannins will leave behind a dry, astringent feeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Found mostly in red wines, tannins are a group of chemicals that lend body and structure to a wine (those mysterious \"rounded corners\"). Tannins readily bind with proteins in your saliva and can stick to your teeth when you swish-- leaving serious tasters somewhat burgundy-toothed. Wines with lots of tannin are sometimes considered \"big,\" because they have a dense texture, though a wine that's \"too big\" can taste harsh. Highly tannic wines can be tempered by fatty foods, like bleu cheese, which coat your mouth and keep the tannins from reacting with your saliva.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/ex-grapes.jpg\">\u003c/span>Wine acquires tannins from grape stems, skins, and seeds, and from wood if it's aged in oak barrels. Winemakers can control tannin level in a wine by altering factors like how long the juice remains in contact with the skin after the grapes are crushed and how long the wine is aged. They consider not only the flavor of the wine, but whether or not they intend for it to be consumed soon after bottling or to be aged.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Uncorking a Great Debate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A wine's tannins soften as it ages, so highly tannic wines are good candidates for the cellar. Wine researchers don't have a clear understanding of exactly what happens chemically as a wine ages, but they do know that the changes are fueled by oxygen. The wine itself contains some of the gas when it's bottled, and tiny amounts of oxygen seep in around the cork. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The importance of the \"leaky cork\" in the aging process is central to a debate raging in the wine community. While corks have a romantic aesthetic and may contribute to the maturing of a fine wine, they are also responsible for most of the spoilage that occurs. \"Cork taint\" results when a cork contains one of a number of compounds that impart a musty or medicinal smell to a finished wine. Cork taint affects between 5 and 8 percent of wine bottles, a significant enough percentage to send winemakers looking for other options. One of them, the screw cap, has been both lauded as a savior and dismissed with indifference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winemakers from Down Under-- Australia and New Zealand-- have taken the lead in pushing this alternative to corks. Advocates note there's no worry of contamination from a screw cap and it provides an airtight seal that can prevent oxidation. But screw caps don't quite carry the allure of a cork. And from a scientific perspective, can a wine still age finely without the tiny bit of oxygen afforded entry by a cork? It's hard for wine researchers to answer this question, since there's no clear picture of exactly what's going on inside the jug. The jury may be out for years, until connoisseurs open their decade-old screw-capped bottles and confer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\"Manipulation\" vs. \"Cheating\"\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/ex-tools.jpg\">\u003c/span>Have a look at a wine label and you'll see items like alcohol content, the producer, and the vintage year. What you won't see is a list of ingredients. While it's true that wine is pretty much just grapes and the yeasts used to ferment them, winemakers will often tweak flavors or coax a developing process along. Winemaking regulations differ throughout the world; in sweltering California, it's common practice to dilute wine with water to control the high alcohol content that results from sugary-ripe grapes, or to add acid lost through respiration. Such embellishments are forbidden in more temperate Burgundy, where winemakers often add sugar (a process banned in California) to make up for its lower content in their fruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These types of manipulations occur before adding yeast, and are viewed by most wine enthusiasts as corrections to the deficiencies of nature. Other tweaks, however, are made after yeast is added, and might be viewed differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the most visible example is the sulfites that are often added to wine. These compounds keep harmful bacteria and other microbes at bay, but some consumers say they'd prefer wines without them. In response, a number of organic wineries have adopted a \"no sulfites\" practice. Many wine aficionados argue that it's difficult to make a good quality wine without sulfites, and that, since sulfites already occur naturally in small amounts during fermentation, people don't actually avoid them just by drinking organic wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/ex-barrels.jpg\">\u003c/span>More subtle questions also arise around manipulations that can alter the taste or aging process of a wine in ways that might seem artificial. A winemaker can choose to age his latest batch in newer barrels to impart an oakier flavor. Or he could speed up the aging process by injecting small amounts of oxygen into the barrel (a process known as microoxygenation). Both actions intentionally alter the wine. While the first method is one that's been practiced for centuries, the second is relatively new. Does that make the newer one \"cheating\"? Some wine drinkers would say that whatever improves the quality of the wine counts the most, while others would argue that using more traditional methods preserves the integrity of the winemaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You won't read about these behind-the-scenes manipulations on a wine label, but there's still a lot to be learned from the packaging. Knowing where a wine is produced, for example, can give you clues to how it might taste (remember the \"lower acidity in warmer climates\" hint?). If you know what you're looking for, the label can help you discern whether all the grapes are from the same region or, if it's a blend, how much of each kind of grape is used. There are many types of grapes, called varietals, each having its own unique qualities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes labels include a description of the wine's flavors; try tasting the wine and see if the description matches your experience. For more of a challenge, spend some time contemplating a wine's aroma. \u003ca href=\"http://www.aromadictionary.com/winearomas.html\">Download these lists\u003c/a> with common terms used to characterize scents found in a wine's bouquet. With a little practice, you just might find yourself talking about \"grapefruit,\" \"pepper,\" and those no-longer-elusive \"rounded corners.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to David W. Graves of \u003ca href=\"http://www.saintsbury.com/\">Saintsbury Vineyard\u003c/a> for his kind assistance providing insights for this Exploration.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/477027@N22\">Bothe-Napa Valley State Park photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/california/napaCA1978/napaCA1978.pdf\">Soil Survey of Napa County, California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca>The Sparkling Science of Champagne\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/food/\">Check Please! Bay Area - KQED\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/15181/bothenapa-valley-state-park-exploration","authors":["6166"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_13200","quest_1370","quest_3351","quest_1939","quest_2093","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2486","quest_2530","quest_13434","quest_2692","quest_3171"],"collections":["quest_3354"],"featImg":"quest_15189","label":"source_quest_15181"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. 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No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. 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Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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