Meditation May Enhance the Strength of Neural Networks
Meditation Training Improves Markers Of Cellular Health and Psychological Well-Being
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The Department of Veterans Affairs estimates that one in every four Iraq or Afghanistan vets is suffering from PTSD. It’s one reason suicide is now the leading cause of death among active-duty soldiers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This crisis has led the VA to explore treatments that would have been considered decidedly from-the-fringes a generation ago. Some of that work is taking place at the Menlo Park division of the VA Palo Alto Medical Center.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\"My little safe zone\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Montgomery is a Vietnam vet with a bushy gray mustache and a tattoo of a scorpion on each forearm. During his time here in the residential PTSD program, he’s been thinking a lot about his life before the war. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were dirt farmer kids,” he tells me. “It was the summer of 1957. We were irrigating 80 acres of cotton. My brother was yelling off in the distance and I was just laying back on a haystack…” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montgomery trails off for a moment, lost in the memory. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, that's my little safe zone,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when he talks about Vietnam and what he saw there, something in his voice changes, ramps up. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The image he can’t shake – even now, nearly four decades after his return – is of Vietnamese children trying to kill him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our society teaches us to go to school, live with our families and stuff, not to blow somebody else up,\" he says, as his voice grows louder. \"They were after you, you know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, after what he calls decades of failed relationships and self-abuse, Montgomery is finally getting help for PTSD, a diagnosis he hadn’t even heard of until a few years ago. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of his treatment is a twice-weekly guided meditation session. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent afternoon, five men settle into armchairs arranged in a circle. One younger vet in board shorts and flip flops lies down on the floor. Two of the vets served in Vietnam; three younger men served in Iraq. A couple of therapy dogs, golden retrievers named Eldridge and Elaine, settle at their owners’ feet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leah Weiss -- a meditation trainer from Stanford’s Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education -- begins to lead. “Let’s start with three deep cleansing breaths,” she tells the men. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An old approach, revisited\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s taking place in this room has been happening on a small scale for decades, says Stephen Xenakis. He’s a retired brigadier general who formerly oversaw the army’s medical system. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1970s, Xenakis worked as a psychiatrist with Vietnam vets at the former Letterman Army Medical Center, in San Francisco’s Presidio. He says meditation was one of several Eastern-inspired treatments he and others were experimenting with. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even back then, he says, it was clear that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22669968\">meditation could help calm\u003c/a> the nervous systems of not just veterans, but prisoners and people suffering from trauma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But getting the VA to integrate meditation into its standard treatment was tough, especially after the late 1980s, when drugs like Prozac came on the scene. The drugs were easy to study and prescribe, cheap to administer. For a lot of patients, they were very effective. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think in many ways,” he says,” these other options that we had learned were helpful back in the ‘70s kind of fell off to the wayside”. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, it’s become clear that drugs are no panacea. Side effects are common. And for about half of PTSD patients, the drugs don’t work at all. A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2012/Treatment-for-Posttraumatic-Stress-Disorder-in-Military-and-Veteran-Populations-Initial-Assessment.aspx\">report\u003c/a> from the Institute of Medicine concluded that \"the evidence is inadequate\" to demonstrate that SSRIs, like Prozac, are generally effective in treating PTSD. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those limitations have renewed interest in other approaches, such as meditation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What meditation may do to the brain\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the TV room at the Menlo Park VA, Weiss’s voice is calm, almost hypnotic. She tells the men to “bring to mind a stranger, maybe someone you pass by when you’re commuting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Consider,” she instructs them, “that just like me, this person has had ups and downs in his or her life. Just like me, this person has had goals and dreams. Just like me, this person knows what it’s like to be disappointed, or afraid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This particular meditation -– it’s called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21840289\">compassion meditation\u003c/a>” -- aims at a specific and widely held hypothesis about what is happening in the brain of someone like John Montgomery, the Vietnam vet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that in combat, a switch -- a fight-or-flight survival mode located in a part of the brain called the amygdala -- has been turned on, and become essentially stuck. Meanwhile, another part, the frontal cortex, takes the backseat. And that’s critical. Because this part of the brain helps us relate to other people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The frontal cortex,” says Stephen Xenakis, “is what allows us to have relationships and families, what gives us a sense that there are rules of society and morality. It's part of what is different about our brains from even other primates, and clearly other mammals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether or not this kind of meditation is effective in treating PTSD is, from a scientific standpoint, still unknown. Studies have shown that repeated sessions can increase \"positive affect\" and \"social connectedness,\" both of which are deficient in PTSD patients, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22669968\">2012 meta-analysis\u003c/a> on the efficacy of different kinds of meditation in treating PTSD. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meditation in general, wrote the authors, \"holds some promise\" as a treatment for PTSD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nAdvice from an older veteran\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After about 20 minutes, Weiss asks the men to open their eyes and to reflect on what the meditation made them feel. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these men have been taking part in these sessions for a couple months now. They’ve been listening to CDs with Weiss’s voice back in their rooms. They say they feel calmer, more compassionate to other people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one of them, Esteban Brojas, is newer to this. Brojas served during the Iraq invasion in 2003. In some ways, he says, it’s like he’s still there. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coming back to civilian life has been “a culture shock,” he says. “You’re still with that adrenaline; you’re still hyper-vigilant.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brojas’s wife gave birth to their daughter while he was in Iraq. When he came back, he didn’t know how to hold her. “After taking someone's life? It’s hard,” he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he speaks, Brojas’s voice starts to tremble and speed up. He rubs his hands together quickly as he rocks back and forth in his armchair. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the fact that you're going into a building and there's a grenade being popped and there's a woman and a child in there? It's hard. To come home and hold your daughter in your hands?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doreen, the therapist steps in. “I would say…” she begins, tentatively. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's John Montgomery, the Vietnam vet across the room, who knows what to do. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You're not there,” he tells Brojas, firmly. “You're right here. You're not there right now. You’re in it. It'll take time. It's like a wave coming. It’ll subside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montgomery’s doing something he thought he had forgotten how to do: feel compassion. In a few weeks, he’ll leave this program and go back to his family – a different man, he hopes, than he was when he came here. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The crisis of mental disorders such as PTSD has forced the military to rediscover therapies that would have considered from-the-fringes a generation ago. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370996308,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":1347},"headData":{"title":"Can Meditation Ease PTSD in Combat Vets? | KQED","description":"The crisis of mental disorders such as PTSD has forced the military to rediscover therapies that would have considered from-the-fringes a generation ago. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"46030 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=46030","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/12/can-meditation-ease-ptsd-in-combat-vets/","disqusTitle":"Can Meditation Ease PTSD in Combat Vets?","path":"/quest/46030/can-meditation-ease-ptsd-in-combat-vets","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/10/20121015scienceptsd.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/10/20121015scienceptsd.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/PTSD.Med-image-cropped.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/PTSD.Med-image-cropped-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"PTSD.Med image cropped\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-46057\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAmong veterans, mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder are epidemic. The Department of Veterans Affairs estimates that one in every four Iraq or Afghanistan vets is suffering from PTSD. It’s one reason suicide is now the leading cause of death among active-duty soldiers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This crisis has led the VA to explore treatments that would have been considered decidedly from-the-fringes a generation ago. Some of that work is taking place at the Menlo Park division of the VA Palo Alto Medical Center.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\"My little safe zone\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Montgomery is a Vietnam vet with a bushy gray mustache and a tattoo of a scorpion on each forearm. During his time here in the residential PTSD program, he’s been thinking a lot about his life before the war. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were dirt farmer kids,” he tells me. “It was the summer of 1957. We were irrigating 80 acres of cotton. My brother was yelling off in the distance and I was just laying back on a haystack…” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montgomery trails off for a moment, lost in the memory. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, that's my little safe zone,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when he talks about Vietnam and what he saw there, something in his voice changes, ramps up. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The image he can’t shake – even now, nearly four decades after his return – is of Vietnamese children trying to kill him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our society teaches us to go to school, live with our families and stuff, not to blow somebody else up,\" he says, as his voice grows louder. \"They were after you, you know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, after what he calls decades of failed relationships and self-abuse, Montgomery is finally getting help for PTSD, a diagnosis he hadn’t even heard of until a few years ago. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of his treatment is a twice-weekly guided meditation session. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent afternoon, five men settle into armchairs arranged in a circle. One younger vet in board shorts and flip flops lies down on the floor. Two of the vets served in Vietnam; three younger men served in Iraq. A couple of therapy dogs, golden retrievers named Eldridge and Elaine, settle at their owners’ feet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leah Weiss -- a meditation trainer from Stanford’s Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education -- begins to lead. “Let’s start with three deep cleansing breaths,” she tells the men. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An old approach, revisited\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s taking place in this room has been happening on a small scale for decades, says Stephen Xenakis. He’s a retired brigadier general who formerly oversaw the army’s medical system. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1970s, Xenakis worked as a psychiatrist with Vietnam vets at the former Letterman Army Medical Center, in San Francisco’s Presidio. He says meditation was one of several Eastern-inspired treatments he and others were experimenting with. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even back then, he says, it was clear that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22669968\">meditation could help calm\u003c/a> the nervous systems of not just veterans, but prisoners and people suffering from trauma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But getting the VA to integrate meditation into its standard treatment was tough, especially after the late 1980s, when drugs like Prozac came on the scene. The drugs were easy to study and prescribe, cheap to administer. For a lot of patients, they were very effective. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think in many ways,” he says,” these other options that we had learned were helpful back in the ‘70s kind of fell off to the wayside”. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, it’s become clear that drugs are no panacea. Side effects are common. And for about half of PTSD patients, the drugs don’t work at all. A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2012/Treatment-for-Posttraumatic-Stress-Disorder-in-Military-and-Veteran-Populations-Initial-Assessment.aspx\">report\u003c/a> from the Institute of Medicine concluded that \"the evidence is inadequate\" to demonstrate that SSRIs, like Prozac, are generally effective in treating PTSD. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those limitations have renewed interest in other approaches, such as meditation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What meditation may do to the brain\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the TV room at the Menlo Park VA, Weiss’s voice is calm, almost hypnotic. She tells the men to “bring to mind a stranger, maybe someone you pass by when you’re commuting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Consider,” she instructs them, “that just like me, this person has had ups and downs in his or her life. Just like me, this person has had goals and dreams. Just like me, this person knows what it’s like to be disappointed, or afraid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This particular meditation -– it’s called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21840289\">compassion meditation\u003c/a>” -- aims at a specific and widely held hypothesis about what is happening in the brain of someone like John Montgomery, the Vietnam vet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that in combat, a switch -- a fight-or-flight survival mode located in a part of the brain called the amygdala -- has been turned on, and become essentially stuck. Meanwhile, another part, the frontal cortex, takes the backseat. And that’s critical. Because this part of the brain helps us relate to other people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The frontal cortex,” says Stephen Xenakis, “is what allows us to have relationships and families, what gives us a sense that there are rules of society and morality. It's part of what is different about our brains from even other primates, and clearly other mammals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether or not this kind of meditation is effective in treating PTSD is, from a scientific standpoint, still unknown. Studies have shown that repeated sessions can increase \"positive affect\" and \"social connectedness,\" both of which are deficient in PTSD patients, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22669968\">2012 meta-analysis\u003c/a> on the efficacy of different kinds of meditation in treating PTSD. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meditation in general, wrote the authors, \"holds some promise\" as a treatment for PTSD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nAdvice from an older veteran\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After about 20 minutes, Weiss asks the men to open their eyes and to reflect on what the meditation made them feel. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these men have been taking part in these sessions for a couple months now. They’ve been listening to CDs with Weiss’s voice back in their rooms. They say they feel calmer, more compassionate to other people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one of them, Esteban Brojas, is newer to this. Brojas served during the Iraq invasion in 2003. In some ways, he says, it’s like he’s still there. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coming back to civilian life has been “a culture shock,” he says. “You’re still with that adrenaline; you’re still hyper-vigilant.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brojas’s wife gave birth to their daughter while he was in Iraq. When he came back, he didn’t know how to hold her. “After taking someone's life? It’s hard,” he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he speaks, Brojas’s voice starts to tremble and speed up. He rubs his hands together quickly as he rocks back and forth in his armchair. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the fact that you're going into a building and there's a grenade being popped and there's a woman and a child in there? It's hard. To come home and hold your daughter in your hands?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doreen, the therapist steps in. “I would say…” she begins, tentatively. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's John Montgomery, the Vietnam vet across the room, who knows what to do. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You're not there,” he tells Brojas, firmly. “You're right here. You're not there right now. You’re in it. It'll take time. It's like a wave coming. It’ll subside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montgomery’s doing something he thought he had forgotten how to do: feel compassion. In a few weeks, he’ll leave this program and go back to his family – a different man, he hopes, than he was when he came here. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/46030/can-meditation-ease-ptsd-in-combat-vets","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_11533","quest_11531","quest_11518","quest_11532","quest_1784","quest_13203","quest_2266","quest_2328","quest_11530","quest_10531","quest_11529","quest_11528"],"featImg":"quest_46057","label":"quest"},"quest_23408":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_23408","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"23408","score":null,"sort":[1314892827000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"medical-meditation","title":"Medical Meditation","publishDate":1314892827,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23409\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/01/medical-meditation/at-the-feet-of-an-ancient-master/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23409\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/At-the-Feet-of-an-Ancient-Master-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"At the Feet of an Ancient Master \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-23409\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the Feet of an Ancient Master by Premasagar\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I have the pleasure of attending \u003ca href=\"http://www.booksmith.com/nightcircus\">Bookswap\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"http://\">Booksmith\u003c/a> every other month. Its a meet and greet of the literary sort where we all introduce our favorite book, talk and then swap. At the end of each Bookswap, the Booksmith staff brings out advanced copies of books for guests to peruse. One cover caught my attention the last time I went – \u003cem>Transcendence\u003c/em> by \u003ca href=\"http://normanrosenthal.com/\">Norman E. Rosenthal. M.D.\u003c/a> – a book highlighting Transcendental Meditation from a medical viewpoint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Rosenthal is a reputable doctor with a twenty-year tenure at the National Institute of Mental Health; he also pioneered the study of seasonal affect disorder (SAD) and wrote about the study in his former book \u003cem>Winter Blues\u003c/em>. He now a clinical professor of psychiatry at Georgetown Medical School and also a seasoned meditator. In this book, he elucidates the practice of transcendental meditation -TM and highlights how it can greatly reduce symptoms of stress, depression, ADHD, impulsiveness, addiction, anxiety, and post traumatic syndrome. He draws from personal accounts spanning environments and conditions, as well as articles detailing clinical research from over 340 peer-reviewed trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Transcendental Meditation has been the most studied form of meditation. It’s a non-religious meditation consisting of sitting comfortably for twenty minutes with your eyes closed, twice a day while focusing the mind’s eye on a mantra or nonverbal sound to attain a deep state of attentive relaxation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have shown that brain waves achieve coherence during meditation; “which is an area of growing interest among neuroscientists. All the different parts of the brain generate waves in several frequencies. These brain waves are said to be coherent when waves of a given frequency from different parts of the brain are in step with one another…It correlates with high levels of intelligence and competence…To produce a train of thought or execute an action, all the cells have to function as a unit, just as soldiers in battle need to advance in a coordinated way” (Rosenthal, pgs. 21-22).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, TM emanates a deep sense of relaxation that given practice permeates the rest of the day. In our stressful and packed world, it is a vacation from stress twice a day when noise and stress can drift away. Rosenthal explains in \u003cem>Transcendence\u003c/em> that in today’s world we are living more often in the “sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which governs (among other things) an alarm function, the ‘fight-or-flight response’ … the parasympathetic system…relaxes you” (Rosenthal pg 57). This means that anxiety, depression, cardiovascular disease and other maladies have their touchstone in an overrun SNS that create hormones, while in the short term get the body out of harm’s way, in the long run damage the body. Meditation, gets people out of this stressful situation by deep relaxation as both systems cannot be triggered at the same time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While reading this book, I decided to do my own experiment and start this form of mediation. For the past couple of weeks, I have been meditating twice a day for 10 to 15 minutes, once in the morning and once in the afternoon. I was diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder and often struggle with anxiety and distraction. I have weaned off medication for ADD but I still rely heavily on both exercise and Yerba Mate tea to help me focus at work. I have been so much more focused, relaxed and happy these last two weeks. I noticed that instead of responding to a situation with anxiety, I could just make a choice and follow through with little disruption. Even in two weeks, I have noticed a significant improvement in the quality of my life and a reduced stress load. I plan on continuing the practice as I see very little to no side effects and a much better quality of life which was also the clear message I got from reading \u003ca href=\"http://\">\u003cem>Transcendence\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"One book that caught my attention recently is, \"Transcendence\" by Norman E. Rosenthal. M.D., which highlights Transcendental Meditation from a medical viewpoint.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1314995098,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":678},"headData":{"title":"Medical Meditation | KQED","description":"One book that caught my attention recently is, "Transcendence" by Norman E. Rosenthal. M.D., which highlights Transcendental Meditation from a medical viewpoint.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"23408 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=23408","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/01/medical-meditation/","disqusTitle":"Medical Meditation","path":"/quest/23408/medical-meditation","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23409\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/01/medical-meditation/at-the-feet-of-an-ancient-master/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23409\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/At-the-Feet-of-an-Ancient-Master-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"At the Feet of an Ancient Master \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-23409\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the Feet of an Ancient Master by Premasagar\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I have the pleasure of attending \u003ca href=\"http://www.booksmith.com/nightcircus\">Bookswap\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"http://\">Booksmith\u003c/a> every other month. Its a meet and greet of the literary sort where we all introduce our favorite book, talk and then swap. At the end of each Bookswap, the Booksmith staff brings out advanced copies of books for guests to peruse. One cover caught my attention the last time I went – \u003cem>Transcendence\u003c/em> by \u003ca href=\"http://normanrosenthal.com/\">Norman E. Rosenthal. M.D.\u003c/a> – a book highlighting Transcendental Meditation from a medical viewpoint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Rosenthal is a reputable doctor with a twenty-year tenure at the National Institute of Mental Health; he also pioneered the study of seasonal affect disorder (SAD) and wrote about the study in his former book \u003cem>Winter Blues\u003c/em>. He now a clinical professor of psychiatry at Georgetown Medical School and also a seasoned meditator. In this book, he elucidates the practice of transcendental meditation -TM and highlights how it can greatly reduce symptoms of stress, depression, ADHD, impulsiveness, addiction, anxiety, and post traumatic syndrome. He draws from personal accounts spanning environments and conditions, as well as articles detailing clinical research from over 340 peer-reviewed trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Transcendental Meditation has been the most studied form of meditation. It’s a non-religious meditation consisting of sitting comfortably for twenty minutes with your eyes closed, twice a day while focusing the mind’s eye on a mantra or nonverbal sound to attain a deep state of attentive relaxation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have shown that brain waves achieve coherence during meditation; “which is an area of growing interest among neuroscientists. All the different parts of the brain generate waves in several frequencies. These brain waves are said to be coherent when waves of a given frequency from different parts of the brain are in step with one another…It correlates with high levels of intelligence and competence…To produce a train of thought or execute an action, all the cells have to function as a unit, just as soldiers in battle need to advance in a coordinated way” (Rosenthal, pgs. 21-22).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, TM emanates a deep sense of relaxation that given practice permeates the rest of the day. In our stressful and packed world, it is a vacation from stress twice a day when noise and stress can drift away. Rosenthal explains in \u003cem>Transcendence\u003c/em> that in today’s world we are living more often in the “sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which governs (among other things) an alarm function, the ‘fight-or-flight response’ … the parasympathetic system…relaxes you” (Rosenthal pg 57). This means that anxiety, depression, cardiovascular disease and other maladies have their touchstone in an overrun SNS that create hormones, while in the short term get the body out of harm’s way, in the long run damage the body. Meditation, gets people out of this stressful situation by deep relaxation as both systems cannot be triggered at the same time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While reading this book, I decided to do my own experiment and start this form of mediation. For the past couple of weeks, I have been meditating twice a day for 10 to 15 minutes, once in the morning and once in the afternoon. I was diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder and often struggle with anxiety and distraction. I have weaned off medication for ADD but I still rely heavily on both exercise and Yerba Mate tea to help me focus at work. I have been so much more focused, relaxed and happy these last two weeks. I noticed that instead of responding to a situation with anxiety, I could just make a choice and follow through with little disruption. Even in two weeks, I have noticed a significant improvement in the quality of my life and a reduced stress load. I plan on continuing the practice as I see very little to no side effects and a much better quality of life which was also the clear message I got from reading \u003ca href=\"http://\">\u003cem>Transcendence\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/23408/medical-meditation","authors":["10173"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_5","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_10063","quest_1784","quest_13202","quest_10061","quest_10062"],"featImg":"quest_23409","label":"quest"},"quest_20243":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_20243","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"20243","score":null,"sort":[1310749233000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"meditation-may-enhance-the-strength-of-neural-networks","title":"Meditation May Enhance the Strength of Neural Networks","publishDate":1310749233,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20257\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/r_x/4327382898/in/photostream/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/meditation1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"meditation\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-20257\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meditation is associated with stronger connections between brain regions. Photo courtesy of R_x - renee barron.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meditation is the practice of focusing your mind on a single thought or idea for an extended period of time in order to achieve some benefit. The goals of meditation can vary and include increased focus, increased awareness or “presence,” better memory, decreased stress and achieving a state of enlightenment. Physiological advantages have also been reported, such as decreased blood pressure and pain reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though meditation has been practiced all over the world for thousands of years, the mechanism by which it works is still largely unknown. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/25936\">recent study\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>NeuroImage\u003c/em> suggests that mediation may work by strengthening the connections between brain regions, thereby building more robust neural networks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study compared age and gender matched meditators with non-meditators. Researchers used a method called diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) that detects the size and direction of white matter tracts in the brain. White matter is made up of long neuronal processes called axons that transmit information from one area of the brain to another. DTI is used to measure the integrity of white matter tracts and is thought to indicate the strength of neural connections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meditators had stronger DTI measures than non-meditators, particularly in the corticospinal tract (axons from the brain to the rest of the body), the superior longitudinal fasciculus (connections between executive brain areas and sensory regions) and the uncinate fasciculus (connects executive brain areas to emotion and memory regions). Meditators also seemed to have less age-related degeneration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though this was not a randomized controlled trial and cannot determine if mediation was the cause of the structural changes, this study opens a new area of research for exploring the role of meditation and brain training in strengthening and preserving the neural connections necessary for memory and other important cognitive tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Meditation is associated with stronger connections between brain regions.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1311276870,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":317},"headData":{"title":"Meditation May Enhance the Strength of Neural Networks","description":"Meditation is associated with stronger connections between brain regions.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"20243 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=20243","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/15/meditation-may-enhance-the-strength-of-neural-networks/","disqusTitle":"Meditation May Enhance the Strength of Neural Networks","path":"/quest/20243/meditation-may-enhance-the-strength-of-neural-networks","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20257\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/r_x/4327382898/in/photostream/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/meditation1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"meditation\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-20257\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meditation is associated with stronger connections between brain regions. Photo courtesy of R_x - renee barron.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meditation is the practice of focusing your mind on a single thought or idea for an extended period of time in order to achieve some benefit. The goals of meditation can vary and include increased focus, increased awareness or “presence,” better memory, decreased stress and achieving a state of enlightenment. Physiological advantages have also been reported, such as decreased blood pressure and pain reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though meditation has been practiced all over the world for thousands of years, the mechanism by which it works is still largely unknown. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/25936\">recent study\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>NeuroImage\u003c/em> suggests that mediation may work by strengthening the connections between brain regions, thereby building more robust neural networks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study compared age and gender matched meditators with non-meditators. Researchers used a method called diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) that detects the size and direction of white matter tracts in the brain. White matter is made up of long neuronal processes called axons that transmit information from one area of the brain to another. DTI is used to measure the integrity of white matter tracts and is thought to indicate the strength of neural connections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meditators had stronger DTI measures than non-meditators, particularly in the corticospinal tract (axons from the brain to the rest of the body), the superior longitudinal fasciculus (connections between executive brain areas and sensory regions) and the uncinate fasciculus (connects executive brain areas to emotion and memory regions). Meditators also seemed to have less age-related degeneration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though this was not a randomized controlled trial and cannot determine if mediation was the cause of the structural changes, this study opens a new area of research for exploring the role of meditation and brain training in strengthening and preserving the neural connections necessary for memory and other important cognitive tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/20243/meditation-may-enhance-the-strength-of-neural-networks","authors":["10218"],"categories":["quest_12"],"tags":["quest_83","quest_377","quest_9817","quest_1784","quest_1788","quest_9816","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_20257","label":"quest"},"quest_10162":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_10162","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"10162","score":null,"sort":[1288973216000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"meditation-training-improves-markers-of-cellular-health-and-psychological-well-being","title":"Meditation Training Improves Markers Of Cellular Health and Psychological Well-Being","publishDate":1288973216,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/mediation.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Intensive meditation training increases psychological well-being and telomerase activity in immune cells. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Tevaprapas/\">Tevaprapas\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well-being and psychological health are known to be closely associated with physical health, but the mechanistic links between the two are still relatively unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New research from scientists at UC Davis and UC San Francisco shows that intensive meditation training improves several measures of psychological health, which in turn leads to an increase in the activity of an enzyme called \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomerase\">telomerase\u003c/a>, a known marker of cellular health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Telomeres are DNA sequences at the end of chromosomes that shorten every time a cell divides or is exposed to oxidative stress. When telomeres become too short, the ability of a cell to replicate is diminished along with the health of the cell. Telomerase is an enzyme that increases the length of telomeres by adding additional DNA to the end of chromosomes and stabilizing genetic structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stress and pychological distress are known to negatively impact telomerase activity, and are also associated with deteriorating health. But previous research has not shown that improving psychological health could reverse the effect and increase the action of telomerase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current study investigated the effect of intense meditation on measures of both pscyhcological well-being and telomerase activity in immune cells. Thirty participants underwent meditation training at a three month intensive meditation retreat called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.shambhalamountain.org/shamatha/\">Shamatha Project\u003c/a>. The participants were evaluated for Perceived control (over one's life), Neuroticism, Mindfulness and Purpose in life both before and after the retreat. Telomerase activity was also measured before and after. The particpants were compared to 30 matched control subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retreat participants had statistically significant increases in measures of Perceived control, Purpose, Mindfulness, and decreases in Neuroticism. They also showed a 30% increase in telomerase activity after the retreat. Age and BMI were factored into the analysis as potential covariates. According to regression analysis, the psychological changes of Perceived control and Neuroticism mediate group differences observed in telomerase activity. Further, Mindfulness and Purpose of life significantly mediated changes in Perceived control and Neuroticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current study does not imply that meditation directly affects telomerase activity, but that it can increase one's ability to cope with and counteract stress that may interfere with physical health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the sample size is small and more studies are needed to confirm the ability of meditation to improve telomerase activity, this is one of the first well-designed studies to directly associate psychological training with measures of cellular health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work done by researchers at UC Davis and UC San Francisco and is currently in press at \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.news.ucdavis.edu/search/news_detail.lasso?id=9669\">Psychoneuroendocrinology\u003c/a>\u003c/em>. Contributing author and professor of biology and physiology at UCSF, Elizabeth Blackburn, won the 2009 Nobel Prize in medicine for her discovery of telomeres and telomerase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Shamatha Project is a meditation study and collaboration between UC Davis, The Santa Barbara Institute For Consciousness and the Shambhala Mountain Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 40.742626 -105.543262\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Intensive meditation training increases psychological well-being and telomerase activity in immune cells.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1288973216,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":486},"headData":{"title":"Meditation Training Improves Markers Of Cellular Health and Psychological Well-Being | KQED","description":"Intensive meditation training increases psychological well-being and telomerase activity in immune cells.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"10162 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=10162","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/05/meditation-training-improves-markers-of-cellular-health-and-psychological-well-being/","disqusTitle":"Meditation Training Improves Markers Of Cellular Health and Psychological Well-Being","path":"/quest/10162/meditation-training-improves-markers-of-cellular-health-and-psychological-well-being","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/mediation.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Intensive meditation training increases psychological well-being and telomerase activity in immune cells. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Tevaprapas/\">Tevaprapas\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well-being and psychological health are known to be closely associated with physical health, but the mechanistic links between the two are still relatively unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New research from scientists at UC Davis and UC San Francisco shows that intensive meditation training improves several measures of psychological health, which in turn leads to an increase in the activity of an enzyme called \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomerase\">telomerase\u003c/a>, a known marker of cellular health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Telomeres are DNA sequences at the end of chromosomes that shorten every time a cell divides or is exposed to oxidative stress. When telomeres become too short, the ability of a cell to replicate is diminished along with the health of the cell. Telomerase is an enzyme that increases the length of telomeres by adding additional DNA to the end of chromosomes and stabilizing genetic structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stress and pychological distress are known to negatively impact telomerase activity, and are also associated with deteriorating health. But previous research has not shown that improving psychological health could reverse the effect and increase the action of telomerase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current study investigated the effect of intense meditation on measures of both pscyhcological well-being and telomerase activity in immune cells. Thirty participants underwent meditation training at a three month intensive meditation retreat called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.shambhalamountain.org/shamatha/\">Shamatha Project\u003c/a>. The participants were evaluated for Perceived control (over one's life), Neuroticism, Mindfulness and Purpose in life both before and after the retreat. Telomerase activity was also measured before and after. The particpants were compared to 30 matched control subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retreat participants had statistically significant increases in measures of Perceived control, Purpose, Mindfulness, and decreases in Neuroticism. They also showed a 30% increase in telomerase activity after the retreat. Age and BMI were factored into the analysis as potential covariates. According to regression analysis, the psychological changes of Perceived control and Neuroticism mediate group differences observed in telomerase activity. Further, Mindfulness and Purpose of life significantly mediated changes in Perceived control and Neuroticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current study does not imply that meditation directly affects telomerase activity, but that it can increase one's ability to cope with and counteract stress that may interfere with physical health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the sample size is small and more studies are needed to confirm the ability of meditation to improve telomerase activity, this is one of the first well-designed studies to directly associate psychological training with measures of cellular health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work done by researchers at UC Davis and UC San Francisco and is currently in press at \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.news.ucdavis.edu/search/news_detail.lasso?id=9669\">Psychoneuroendocrinology\u003c/a>\u003c/em>. Contributing author and professor of biology and physiology at UCSF, Elizabeth Blackburn, won the 2009 Nobel Prize in medicine for her discovery of telomeres and telomerase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Shamatha Project is a meditation study and collaboration between UC Davis, The Santa Barbara Institute For Consciousness and the Shambhala Mountain Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 40.742626 -105.543262\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/10162/meditation-training-improves-markers-of-cellular-health-and-psychological-well-being","authors":["10218"],"categories":["quest_12"],"tags":["quest_848","quest_966","quest_1784","quest_2607","quest_2896","quest_2898"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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