After Earth Day, Celebrate the Other 71% with World Oceans Day
Producer's Notes: Your Videos on QUEST - Joshua Cassidy
Sand Waves and the Golden Gate
Reporter's Notes: Protecting Marine Reserves
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Current work includes a series on Sea Turtle Conservation in Mexico, a film with partners Team Fish Finders using local fishermen to promote catch and release and a documentary on local sustainable seafood and a Cordell Banks Expedition.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e4dbf6a1c294c9fe26d626d16fedae47?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"David McGuire | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e4dbf6a1c294c9fe26d626d16fedae47?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e4dbf6a1c294c9fe26d626d16fedae47?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/david-mcguire"},"michaelgoode":{"type":"authors","id":"10239","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10239","found":true},"name":"Michael Goode","firstName":"Michael","lastName":"Goode","slug":"michaelgoode","email":"mgoode@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Prior to joining the QUEST series, Michael began his professional career working on non-fiction programming for cable networks such as National Geographic Channel, Discovery Networks, and the Speed channel, while always pursuing independent projects that brought together his passion for travel, the environment, social issues, and the arts, some of which were aired on the independent news network Current TV. When Michael is not working in television, he enjoys traveling and volunteering in South America and Africa, in disaster response, computer literacy, or organic agriculture. As a member of the QUEST team, he relishes the opportunity to create engaging content that entertains, as well as educates.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f75d98ab1583916cf044c55fbdeb0ce7?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Michael Goode | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f75d98ab1583916cf044c55fbdeb0ce7?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f75d98ab1583916cf044c55fbdeb0ce7?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/michaelgoode"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_25644":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_25644","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"25644","score":null,"sort":[1317684912000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"red-tide-rising","title":"Red Tide Rising: Harmful Phytoplankton Blooms","publishDate":1317684912,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/abalone.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/abalone-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"abalone\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25647\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a month ago, thousands of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_abalone\">abalone\u003c/a> and other invertebrates \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/09/17/BA9J1L5B8P.DTL\">washed up along the Sonoma coast\u003c/a>, killed by what people thought was probably a red tide, a.k.a. a \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/website/redtide/home\">harmful algal bloom\u003c/a>. Phytoplankton—photosynthetic organisms like algae and bacteria—can multiply in number, turning the water red with their bright-colored cells and wreaking havoc on marine organisms. An interdisciplinary team of researchers banded together to find out what was going on along the Sonoma coast. Within a few weeks, they’d figured it out: sure enough, it was a red tide.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the first time a red tide had widespread impact on wildlife along the coast of California. From Bodega Bay to Salt Point, 50 miles north, invertebrates like abalone, urchins, and gumboot chitons were affected by the red tide. I talked with Laura Rogers-Bennett, Senior Biologist Specialist with the California Department of Fish and Game and the UC Davis Wildlife Health Center, who did surveys to quantify the extent of the damage. She and her colleagues surveyed several sites and found a lot of dead abalone. At \u003ca href=\"http://rrparks.mcn.org/fortross/\">Fort Ross\u003c/a>, 30% of the abalone had died. At \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/DEFAULT.ASP?page_id=453\">Salt Point\u003c/a>, abalone mortality was 12%, and at \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber_Cove,_California\">Timber Cove\u003c/a>, mortality was 25%. They took tissue samples from abalone and other invertebrates, and they conducted underwater surveys to look at the geographic distribution of affected organisms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Red tides can kill marine life in two ways. The first way is by depleting the oxygen in the water, during the algal bloom and during the subsequent die-off and decomposition of the phytoplankton. With low levels of oxygen in the water, marine life suffocates. Red tide events that kill through oxygen depletion have particular characteristics. They are usually small and localized—the size of a large living room, says Rogers-Bennett. They often occur in areas with very little water movement, like the back of coves, and they affect all the organisms in the area, including the fish, which either die or swim away. Recent underwater surveys indicated that this red tide was not killing via oxygen depletion. For one, the area affected was far larger than a living room. And the red tide affected organisms in multiple patches, some of which were in very exposed areas, not just the still backwaters of coves. Plus, the fish did not seem to be affected. Because of this evidence, scientists suspected the phytoplankton bloom was releasing a biotoxin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To identify the biotoxin, the researchers sent water and tissue samples to Rita Horner at the University of Washington and David Crane at Fish and Game’s Office of Spill Prevention and Response. They determined that the most abundant phytoplankton species was a dinoflagellate called Gonyaulax spinifera, which releases a toxin called a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yessotoxin\">Yessotoxin\u003c/a>. However, the dinoflagellate and the toxin are poorly understood, says Rogers-Bennett. Yessotoxin was present in very low amounts—about one part per billion—and we don’t know how much toxin must be present for an organism to suffer ill effects. So we don’t know for sure whether Gonyaulax spinifera and its Yessotoxin are responsible for the death of the invertebrates, or whether the true guilty party is some other, unidentified toxin. Rogers-Bennett and her colleagues are seeking funding to do additional tests of the Yessotoxin, its toxicity, and its effects on the invertebrates. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studying this red tide is a team effort, involving researchers from UC Davis, UC Santa Cruz, Sonoma State, the California Department of Public Health, and NOAA. Researchers have done bird surveys, which indicate that the toxin is not moving throughout the food web. And they’ve tested for \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/redtide/page.do?pid=14279\">toxins that affect humans\u003c/a>, but thankfully none present. Next, researchers plan to look at archived satellite images of the red tide to see how it moved throughout the area, and they want to do more extensive subtidal surveys, to learn more about the geographic pattern of its effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the recent mass mortality of abalone, the Fish and Game \u003ca href=\"http://cdfgnews.wordpress.com/2011/09/15/abalone-fishery-closure/\">closed the Sonoma abalone fishery\u003c/a> in September. Normally, recreational abalone collectors can take abalone from the coast through November, but because the population took a big hit, it needs some time to recover. Rogers-Bennett hopes that the fishery and its managers will keep this in mind as the next abalone season approaches in April. The abalone fishery is not a commercial fishery; it is illegal to buy and sell abalone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is now a new red tide off the Sonoma coast. This one, called \u003ca href=\"http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Ceratium\">Ceratium\u003c/a>, is not toxic, but it is lending the water a brownish red hue. Recent conditions have been perfect for a red tide: calm water and abundant sunshine, thanks to fog-free days. The conditions preceding last month’s deadly red tide were similar. Globally, red tides are on the rise, because of warmer sea surface temperatures and an increase nutrient in coastal waters because of human activity. However, neither of these red tides is tied to warm surface waters or higher-than-usual nutrient input. The causes of these recent red tides remain a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"About a month ago, thousands of abalone and other invertebrates washed up along the Sonoma coast, killed by what people thought was probably a red tide, a.k.a. a harmful algal bloom. An interdisciplinary team of researchers banded together to find out what was going on. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1325109164,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":858},"headData":{"title":"Red Tide Rising: Harmful Phytoplankton Blooms | KQED","description":"About a month ago, thousands of abalone and other invertebrates washed up along the Sonoma coast, killed by what people thought was probably a red tide, a.k.a. a harmful algal bloom. An interdisciplinary team of researchers banded together to find out what was going on. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"25644 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=25644","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/03/red-tide-rising/","disqusTitle":"Red Tide Rising: Harmful Phytoplankton Blooms","WpOldSlug":"red-tide-identified","path":"/quest/25644/red-tide-rising","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/abalone.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/abalone-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"abalone\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25647\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a month ago, thousands of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_abalone\">abalone\u003c/a> and other invertebrates \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/09/17/BA9J1L5B8P.DTL\">washed up along the Sonoma coast\u003c/a>, killed by what people thought was probably a red tide, a.k.a. a \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/website/redtide/home\">harmful algal bloom\u003c/a>. Phytoplankton—photosynthetic organisms like algae and bacteria—can multiply in number, turning the water red with their bright-colored cells and wreaking havoc on marine organisms. An interdisciplinary team of researchers banded together to find out what was going on along the Sonoma coast. Within a few weeks, they’d figured it out: sure enough, it was a red tide.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the first time a red tide had widespread impact on wildlife along the coast of California. From Bodega Bay to Salt Point, 50 miles north, invertebrates like abalone, urchins, and gumboot chitons were affected by the red tide. I talked with Laura Rogers-Bennett, Senior Biologist Specialist with the California Department of Fish and Game and the UC Davis Wildlife Health Center, who did surveys to quantify the extent of the damage. She and her colleagues surveyed several sites and found a lot of dead abalone. At \u003ca href=\"http://rrparks.mcn.org/fortross/\">Fort Ross\u003c/a>, 30% of the abalone had died. At \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/DEFAULT.ASP?page_id=453\">Salt Point\u003c/a>, abalone mortality was 12%, and at \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber_Cove,_California\">Timber Cove\u003c/a>, mortality was 25%. They took tissue samples from abalone and other invertebrates, and they conducted underwater surveys to look at the geographic distribution of affected organisms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Red tides can kill marine life in two ways. The first way is by depleting the oxygen in the water, during the algal bloom and during the subsequent die-off and decomposition of the phytoplankton. With low levels of oxygen in the water, marine life suffocates. Red tide events that kill through oxygen depletion have particular characteristics. They are usually small and localized—the size of a large living room, says Rogers-Bennett. They often occur in areas with very little water movement, like the back of coves, and they affect all the organisms in the area, including the fish, which either die or swim away. Recent underwater surveys indicated that this red tide was not killing via oxygen depletion. For one, the area affected was far larger than a living room. And the red tide affected organisms in multiple patches, some of which were in very exposed areas, not just the still backwaters of coves. Plus, the fish did not seem to be affected. Because of this evidence, scientists suspected the phytoplankton bloom was releasing a biotoxin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To identify the biotoxin, the researchers sent water and tissue samples to Rita Horner at the University of Washington and David Crane at Fish and Game’s Office of Spill Prevention and Response. They determined that the most abundant phytoplankton species was a dinoflagellate called Gonyaulax spinifera, which releases a toxin called a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yessotoxin\">Yessotoxin\u003c/a>. However, the dinoflagellate and the toxin are poorly understood, says Rogers-Bennett. Yessotoxin was present in very low amounts—about one part per billion—and we don’t know how much toxin must be present for an organism to suffer ill effects. So we don’t know for sure whether Gonyaulax spinifera and its Yessotoxin are responsible for the death of the invertebrates, or whether the true guilty party is some other, unidentified toxin. Rogers-Bennett and her colleagues are seeking funding to do additional tests of the Yessotoxin, its toxicity, and its effects on the invertebrates. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studying this red tide is a team effort, involving researchers from UC Davis, UC Santa Cruz, Sonoma State, the California Department of Public Health, and NOAA. Researchers have done bird surveys, which indicate that the toxin is not moving throughout the food web. And they’ve tested for \u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/redtide/page.do?pid=14279\">toxins that affect humans\u003c/a>, but thankfully none present. Next, researchers plan to look at archived satellite images of the red tide to see how it moved throughout the area, and they want to do more extensive subtidal surveys, to learn more about the geographic pattern of its effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the recent mass mortality of abalone, the Fish and Game \u003ca href=\"http://cdfgnews.wordpress.com/2011/09/15/abalone-fishery-closure/\">closed the Sonoma abalone fishery\u003c/a> in September. Normally, recreational abalone collectors can take abalone from the coast through November, but because the population took a big hit, it needs some time to recover. Rogers-Bennett hopes that the fishery and its managers will keep this in mind as the next abalone season approaches in April. The abalone fishery is not a commercial fishery; it is illegal to buy and sell abalone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is now a new red tide off the Sonoma coast. This one, called \u003ca href=\"http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Ceratium\">Ceratium\u003c/a>, is not toxic, but it is lending the water a brownish red hue. Recent conditions have been perfect for a red tide: calm water and abundant sunshine, thanks to fog-free days. The conditions preceding last month’s deadly red tide were similar. Globally, red tides are on the rise, because of warmer sea surface temperatures and an increase nutrient in coastal waters because of human activity. However, neither of these red tides is tied to warm surface waters or higher-than-usual nutrient input. The causes of these recent red tides remain a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/25644/red-tide-rising","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_10252","quest_116","quest_3449","quest_1490","quest_1739","quest_10103","quest_3705","quest_13202","quest_10253","quest_10251","quest_2727","quest_3803"],"featImg":"quest_25647","label":"quest"},"quest_23461":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_23461","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"23461","score":null,"sort":[1315332650000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"your-photos-on-quest-bryant-austin","title":"Your Photos on QUEST: Bryant Austin","publishDate":1315332650,"format":"video","headTitle":"Your Photos on QUEST | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3297,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>While the massive scale of Bryant Austin’s life-sized whale photographs has an instantaneous and undeniable awing effect, it is the sense of emotional connection to his subjects that makes the images stick in the viewer’s mind. These are photographs taken with the cooperation of the whales. Mr. Austin has dedicated his life to creating bonds with wild whales, and his photographs are the records of his interactions with them. Swimming alongside these giants is an experience less than one millionth of 1% of the human population will experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23480\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1440x928.jpg\" alt=\"A whale swims away from Bryant Austin\" width=\"640\" height=\"412\" class=\"size-large wp-image-23480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1440x928.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-400x258.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-800x515.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1180x760.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-960x618.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A whale swims away from Bryant Austin as he snorkels. \u003ccite>(Bryant Austin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before he takes the plunge, Mr. Austin spends months preparing to film in the wild by working with whale biologists who study specific populations of whales. Mr. Austin travels with these experts, to identify unique individual whales who posses the personality and sense of curiosity to be agreeable subjects. Austin returns to the whales day after day to build a sense of familiarity which will eventually allow them to feel comfortable enough to approach him on their own terms. Swimming with whales is intrinsically very dangerous if for no other reason than their enormous size. A single accidental flick from a pectoral fin or fluke could pummel a human swimmer. A threatened whale or a mother protecting her calf can be particularly dangerous. While whales have the potential to be destructive, it is much more likely that a whale disturbed by a human swimmer will simply swim away. For this reason Austin works hard to build the trust of his subjects. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whales, like humans, are intelligent mammals that live within social structures. As such, whales have a kind of etiquette based on behavioral cues. To get close enough to photograph the whales Mr. Austin has to abide by a different species code of conduct. For example, Austin does not use SCUBA while visiting the whales because the bubbles produced by the equipment can be construed as a threat display between whales. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although we can’t communicate with whales verbally, you can communicate intention. And I do this by being very slow and predictable when I move. And I remain motionless most of the time, and I want to communicate to them that I’m interested in them, but I’m also respectful, and I’m just going be very passive and patient. Most of the time, they ignore me or swim away, and there’s just that, those few exceptional moments in the season where they decide to come up to me and spend a few moments” \u003cbr>It's within these few rare moments that Bryant Austin is able to create his stunning photographs. In fact, his entire collection to date represents interactions with only 9 particularly curious individual whales. As top predators, whales generally tend to demonstrate curiosity in exploring their environment. Some species like humpback whales tend to be more curious than other species, but even within a species individual whales will show different personality traits. Through his non-profit organization \u003ca href=\"http://mmcta.org/\">Marine Mammal Conservation Through the Arts\u003c/a>, Mr. Austin works for months for the brief seconds and minutes when the whales come to inspect him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/1k-Bryant-Austin-Minke-Whale-Composite-One-at-the-Tamada-Museum-Tokyo-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"A visitor at Tokyo's Tamada Museum views Bryant Austin's life-sized print of a Minke Whale\" title=\"1k Bryant Austin Minke Whale Composite One at the Tamada Museum Tokyo\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-23481\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The camera I’m holding in a way is like the world’s eye, humanity’s eye, so we can make whales visible and hopefully change our perception and behavior towards them. So it’s ironic that this little 210-pound person really can be more powerful than this 40-ton whale.” \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Scotts Valley photographer Bryant Austin swims eye-to-eye with the world's largest animals in order to bring attention to the plight of these intelligent ocean denizens. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457631529,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":599},"headData":{"title":"Your Photos on QUEST: Bryant Austin | KQED","description":"Scotts Valley photographer Bryant Austin swims eye-to-eye with the world's largest animals in order to bring attention to the plight of these intelligent ocean denizens. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"23461 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=23461","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/06/your-photos-on-quest-bryant-austin/","disqusTitle":"Your Photos on QUEST: Bryant Austin","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jirErJNarA","path":"/quest/23461/your-photos-on-quest-bryant-austin","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>While the massive scale of Bryant Austin’s life-sized whale photographs has an instantaneous and undeniable awing effect, it is the sense of emotional connection to his subjects that makes the images stick in the viewer’s mind. These are photographs taken with the cooperation of the whales. Mr. Austin has dedicated his life to creating bonds with wild whales, and his photographs are the records of his interactions with them. Swimming alongside these giants is an experience less than one millionth of 1% of the human population will experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23480\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1440x928.jpg\" alt=\"A whale swims away from Bryant Austin\" width=\"640\" height=\"412\" class=\"size-large wp-image-23480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1440x928.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-400x258.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-800x515.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1180x760.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-960x618.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A whale swims away from Bryant Austin as he snorkels. \u003ccite>(Bryant Austin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before he takes the plunge, Mr. Austin spends months preparing to film in the wild by working with whale biologists who study specific populations of whales. Mr. Austin travels with these experts, to identify unique individual whales who posses the personality and sense of curiosity to be agreeable subjects. Austin returns to the whales day after day to build a sense of familiarity which will eventually allow them to feel comfortable enough to approach him on their own terms. Swimming with whales is intrinsically very dangerous if for no other reason than their enormous size. A single accidental flick from a pectoral fin or fluke could pummel a human swimmer. A threatened whale or a mother protecting her calf can be particularly dangerous. While whales have the potential to be destructive, it is much more likely that a whale disturbed by a human swimmer will simply swim away. For this reason Austin works hard to build the trust of his subjects. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whales, like humans, are intelligent mammals that live within social structures. As such, whales have a kind of etiquette based on behavioral cues. To get close enough to photograph the whales Mr. Austin has to abide by a different species code of conduct. For example, Austin does not use SCUBA while visiting the whales because the bubbles produced by the equipment can be construed as a threat display between whales. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although we can’t communicate with whales verbally, you can communicate intention. And I do this by being very slow and predictable when I move. And I remain motionless most of the time, and I want to communicate to them that I’m interested in them, but I’m also respectful, and I’m just going be very passive and patient. Most of the time, they ignore me or swim away, and there’s just that, those few exceptional moments in the season where they decide to come up to me and spend a few moments” \u003cbr>It's within these few rare moments that Bryant Austin is able to create his stunning photographs. In fact, his entire collection to date represents interactions with only 9 particularly curious individual whales. As top predators, whales generally tend to demonstrate curiosity in exploring their environment. Some species like humpback whales tend to be more curious than other species, but even within a species individual whales will show different personality traits. Through his non-profit organization \u003ca href=\"http://mmcta.org/\">Marine Mammal Conservation Through the Arts\u003c/a>, Mr. Austin works for months for the brief seconds and minutes when the whales come to inspect him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/1k-Bryant-Austin-Minke-Whale-Composite-One-at-the-Tamada-Museum-Tokyo-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"A visitor at Tokyo's Tamada Museum views Bryant Austin's life-sized print of a Minke Whale\" title=\"1k Bryant Austin Minke Whale Composite One at the Tamada Museum Tokyo\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-23481\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The camera I’m holding in a way is like the world’s eye, humanity’s eye, so we can make whales visible and hopefully change our perception and behavior towards them. So it’s ironic that this little 210-pound person really can be more powerful than this 40-ton whale.” \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/23461/your-photos-on-quest-bryant-austin","authors":["6219","10239"],"series":["quest_3297"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_10068","quest_684","quest_3351","quest_1725","quest_1739","quest_2141","quest_2187","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2893","quest_3142"],"featImg":"quest_23653","label":"quest_3297"},"quest_15599":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_15599","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"15599","score":null,"sort":[1310673622000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-state-of-the-ocean","title":"The State of the Ocean","publishDate":1310673622,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Humpback_tail_Fallarones.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20112\" title=\"Humpback_tail_Fallarones\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Humpback_tail_Fallarones-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>In June, a report was released by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.stateoftheocean.org/\">International Programmes on the State of the Ocean\u003c/a>, announcing the results of a high level summit. Conclusions? It’s worse than we thought. We are rapidly accelerating toward the next wide-scale extinction event in the oceans, and the rate of change is faster than anticipated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team of international scientists published a grave assessment of current threats and a stark conclusion about future risks to marine and human life. If the current trajectory of damage continues, the world's ocean is at high risk of entering an unprecedented phase of extinction of marine species.\u003cbr>\nThe greatest threat the group concluded was climate change leading to \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_acidification\">ocean acidification\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocean acidification is a direct result of the absorption of carbon dioxide by the ocean. This threatens all marine animals and plants that secrete calcium carbonate as part of their structure. Ocean acidification can prevent marine animals, from snails to plankton to corals, from building their protective shells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically and before the presence of humans, three factors have been present in every mass extinction event: low oxygen levels (hypoxia) and the absence of oxygen (anoxia) causing ocean dead zones; ocean warming; and acean acidification. Thanks to modern technology, we have accelerated and exacerbated the conditions leading to the historical marine extinctions. Already one quarter of the world’s coral reefs have vanished and another one third are endangered. Ninety percent of many some of the ocean’s great fish have vanished. Species like sharks contribute to the health of the ocean yet are being systematically and unsustainably fished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These climate and marine experts found strong evidence that the effects of the three factors, coupled with other human induced impacts such as overfishing and nutrient runoff from farming have already caused a dramatic decline in ocean health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last great extinction event occurred 55 million years ago, where over half of all deep sea species became extinct. It has been determined that the rate of carbon absorption in the ocean is already greater than the conditions leading to that event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was concluded that these impacts are synergistic and the rate of degeneration is far faster than previously predicted. The report urges strong and rapid action by governments to reduce carbon emissions such as those urged by the last \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipcc.ch/\">IPCC\u003c/a> report, better manage our fisheries - especially those of the high seas, and increase marine reserves to serve as pockets of resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conclusions are serious indeed yet it also offers solutions, many of which we can deal with in our daily lives. As citizens, we can work for ocean health by driving less, eating only sustainable seafoods, minimizing run off from detergents and fertilizers and supporting marine protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean and ocean life are too important to lose through negligence or ignorance.\u003cbr>\nAs one of the co-authors of the event Dr. Dan Laffoley stated, “The time to protect the blue heart of our planet is now, today and urgent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean is our planet’s heartbeat, and the future heartbeat for billions of humans. Lets keep it beating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The ocean is our planet’s heartbeat, and the future heartbeat for billions of humans.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366753427,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":526},"headData":{"title":"The State of the Ocean | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"15599 http://science.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/05/the-state-of-the-ocean/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/14/the-state-of-the-ocean/","disqusTitle":"The State of the Ocean","path":"/quest/15599/the-state-of-the-ocean","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Humpback_tail_Fallarones.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20112\" title=\"Humpback_tail_Fallarones\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/Humpback_tail_Fallarones-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>In June, a report was released by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.stateoftheocean.org/\">International Programmes on the State of the Ocean\u003c/a>, announcing the results of a high level summit. Conclusions? It’s worse than we thought. We are rapidly accelerating toward the next wide-scale extinction event in the oceans, and the rate of change is faster than anticipated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team of international scientists published a grave assessment of current threats and a stark conclusion about future risks to marine and human life. If the current trajectory of damage continues, the world's ocean is at high risk of entering an unprecedented phase of extinction of marine species.\u003cbr>\nThe greatest threat the group concluded was climate change leading to \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_acidification\">ocean acidification\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocean acidification is a direct result of the absorption of carbon dioxide by the ocean. This threatens all marine animals and plants that secrete calcium carbonate as part of their structure. Ocean acidification can prevent marine animals, from snails to plankton to corals, from building their protective shells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically and before the presence of humans, three factors have been present in every mass extinction event: low oxygen levels (hypoxia) and the absence of oxygen (anoxia) causing ocean dead zones; ocean warming; and acean acidification. Thanks to modern technology, we have accelerated and exacerbated the conditions leading to the historical marine extinctions. Already one quarter of the world’s coral reefs have vanished and another one third are endangered. Ninety percent of many some of the ocean’s great fish have vanished. Species like sharks contribute to the health of the ocean yet are being systematically and unsustainably fished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These climate and marine experts found strong evidence that the effects of the three factors, coupled with other human induced impacts such as overfishing and nutrient runoff from farming have already caused a dramatic decline in ocean health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last great extinction event occurred 55 million years ago, where over half of all deep sea species became extinct. It has been determined that the rate of carbon absorption in the ocean is already greater than the conditions leading to that event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was concluded that these impacts are synergistic and the rate of degeneration is far faster than previously predicted. The report urges strong and rapid action by governments to reduce carbon emissions such as those urged by the last \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipcc.ch/\">IPCC\u003c/a> report, better manage our fisheries - especially those of the high seas, and increase marine reserves to serve as pockets of resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conclusions are serious indeed yet it also offers solutions, many of which we can deal with in our daily lives. As citizens, we can work for ocean health by driving less, eating only sustainable seafoods, minimizing run off from detergents and fertilizers and supporting marine protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean and ocean life are too important to lose through negligence or ignorance.\u003cbr>\nAs one of the co-authors of the event Dr. Dan Laffoley stated, “The time to protect the blue heart of our planet is now, today and urgent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean is our planet’s heartbeat, and the future heartbeat for billions of humans. Lets keep it beating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/15599/the-state-of-the-ocean","authors":["10217"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_6"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_3309","quest_621","quest_7720","quest_1739","quest_3307","quest_2034","quest_2035"],"featImg":"quest_20112","label":"quest"},"quest_14099":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_14099","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"14099","score":null,"sort":[1307552405000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"after-earth-day-celebrate-the-other-71-with-world-oceans-day","title":"After Earth Day, Celebrate the Other 71% with World Oceans Day","publishDate":1307552405,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/world_oceans_day1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-2695\" title=\"world_oceans_day\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/world_oceans_day1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>In April, people across the USA and the world celebrated the beauty of nature, our rivers and mountains, and wildlife. The original Earth Day was inspired by founder \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson\">Gaylord Nelson\u003c/a>, former U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, after witnessing the devastation of the 1969 massive oil spill in Santa Barbara, California. In that era of protests against war and social Injustice, millions rallied across the US to the first \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Day\">Earth Day\u003c/a> to demand change. Rivers burning, mountains clear-cut and vanishing species enraged our citizens and they gathered en masse across the nation and demanded change. This public demonstration of love for nature led to the creation of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and the passage of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/air/caa/\">Clean Air\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/cwa.cfm?program_id=45\">Clean Water\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/esact.html\">Endangered Species Acts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty years later the rivers are cleaner, millions of acres have been established as national parks and wilderness areas and over all the air quality has improved. But what about the other 71%? Over half our oxygen comes from the ocean. Fish feed millions and the beauty and complexity of marine life leave us in awe. Yet today, a year after the ravages in the Gulf from the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill\">BP Oil spill\u003c/a>, 90% of large pelagic shark species are going extinct from overfishing and for their fins. Whales and seals have been hunted to a genetic bottle neck and are hunted still. The wolves of the sea, the bluefin tuna, are being fished to the vanishing point. While a thousand other insults are being inflicted on Mother Ocean, where is our outrage?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New oil wells are being considered along our coast while nuclear power plants hum along our shorelines vulnerable to Tsunami and earthquakes. Recent \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/24/toxic-algae-on-the-loose/\">die-offs of sardines\u003c/a> in southern California; emaciated and \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2009-06-19/news/17210751_1_sea-lions-marine-mammal-center-young-sea\">sickly sea lions\u003c/a> along the coast, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/05/12/producers-notes-californias-lost-salmon/\">vanishing salmon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/san-mateo-county/ci_17913460?nclick_check=1\">stranded leopard sharks\u003c/a> in the San Francisco Bay are bellwethers reminding us that the ocean is sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean needs our help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a week of celebrating the Earth, it's time to celebrate our ocean with \u003ca href=\"http://worldoceansday.org/\">World Oceans Day\u003c/a>. This day had been unofficially celebrated every June 8 since its original proposal in 1992 by Canada at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was officially recognized by the United Nations in 2008. Since then, WOD has been coordinated internationally by \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoceanproject.org/\">The Ocean Project \u003c/a>and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldoceannetwork.org/EN/page-AGIR_ENSEMBLE-Journ__e_Mondiale_de_l_Oc__an-5-20.htm\">World Ocean Network\u003c/a> with greater success and global participation each year. World Oceans Day is an opportunity every year to honor the world's ocean, to celebrate the all marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's time to motivate change and let our leaders know that marine life and ecosystem are worth protecting, and they need our protection now. This summer, celebrate World Oceans Day and tell our representatives we need a sea change. With our partners from The Ocean Project, \u003ca href=\"http://seastewards.org/news/event\">Sea Stewards\u003c/a> will be coordinating a World Ocean Day Celebration at Crissy Field in San Francisco on June 11. We will be celebrating all marine life, especially sharks, and motivate people to protect the ocean and ocean life we love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It's time to celebrate our ocean with World Oceans Day.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1310679115,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":509},"headData":{"title":"After Earth Day, Celebrate the Other 71% with World Oceans Day | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"14099 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2011/06/08/after-earth-day-celebrate-the-other-71-with-world-oceans-day/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/06/08/after-earth-day-celebrate-the-other-71-with-world-oceans-day/","disqusTitle":"After Earth Day, Celebrate the Other 71% with World Oceans Day","WpOldSlug":"when-the-sun-don%e2%80%99t-shine-and-the-wind-don%e2%80%99t-blow","path":"/quest/14099/after-earth-day-celebrate-the-other-71-with-world-oceans-day","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/world_oceans_day1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-2695\" title=\"world_oceans_day\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/world_oceans_day1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>In April, people across the USA and the world celebrated the beauty of nature, our rivers and mountains, and wildlife. The original Earth Day was inspired by founder \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson\">Gaylord Nelson\u003c/a>, former U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, after witnessing the devastation of the 1969 massive oil spill in Santa Barbara, California. In that era of protests against war and social Injustice, millions rallied across the US to the first \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Day\">Earth Day\u003c/a> to demand change. Rivers burning, mountains clear-cut and vanishing species enraged our citizens and they gathered en masse across the nation and demanded change. This public demonstration of love for nature led to the creation of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and the passage of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/air/caa/\">Clean Air\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/cwa.cfm?program_id=45\">Clean Water\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/esact.html\">Endangered Species Acts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty years later the rivers are cleaner, millions of acres have been established as national parks and wilderness areas and over all the air quality has improved. But what about the other 71%? Over half our oxygen comes from the ocean. Fish feed millions and the beauty and complexity of marine life leave us in awe. Yet today, a year after the ravages in the Gulf from the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill\">BP Oil spill\u003c/a>, 90% of large pelagic shark species are going extinct from overfishing and for their fins. Whales and seals have been hunted to a genetic bottle neck and are hunted still. The wolves of the sea, the bluefin tuna, are being fished to the vanishing point. While a thousand other insults are being inflicted on Mother Ocean, where is our outrage?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New oil wells are being considered along our coast while nuclear power plants hum along our shorelines vulnerable to Tsunami and earthquakes. Recent \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/24/toxic-algae-on-the-loose/\">die-offs of sardines\u003c/a> in southern California; emaciated and \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2009-06-19/news/17210751_1_sea-lions-marine-mammal-center-young-sea\">sickly sea lions\u003c/a> along the coast, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/05/12/producers-notes-californias-lost-salmon/\">vanishing salmon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/san-mateo-county/ci_17913460?nclick_check=1\">stranded leopard sharks\u003c/a> in the San Francisco Bay are bellwethers reminding us that the ocean is sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean needs our help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a week of celebrating the Earth, it's time to celebrate our ocean with \u003ca href=\"http://worldoceansday.org/\">World Oceans Day\u003c/a>. This day had been unofficially celebrated every June 8 since its original proposal in 1992 by Canada at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was officially recognized by the United Nations in 2008. Since then, WOD has been coordinated internationally by \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoceanproject.org/\">The Ocean Project \u003c/a>and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldoceannetwork.org/EN/page-AGIR_ENSEMBLE-Journ__e_Mondiale_de_l_Oc__an-5-20.htm\">World Ocean Network\u003c/a> with greater success and global participation each year. World Oceans Day is an opportunity every year to honor the world's ocean, to celebrate the all marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's time to motivate change and let our leaders know that marine life and ecosystem are worth protecting, and they need our protection now. This summer, celebrate World Oceans Day and tell our representatives we need a sea change. With our partners from The Ocean Project, \u003ca href=\"http://seastewards.org/news/event\">Sea Stewards\u003c/a> will be coordinating a World Ocean Day Celebration at Crissy Field in San Francisco on June 11. We will be celebrating all marine life, especially sharks, and motivate people to protect the ocean and ocean life we love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/14099/after-earth-day-celebrate-the-other-71-with-world-oceans-day","authors":["10217"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_3309","quest_903","quest_1739","quest_3307","quest_2034","quest_2477","quest_2497","quest_3757","quest_2612","quest_3185"],"featImg":"quest_2695","label":"quest"},"quest_14222":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_14222","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"14222","score":null,"sort":[1304449238000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy","title":"Producer's Notes: Your Videos on QUEST - Joshua Cassidy","publishDate":1304449238,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Drive about thirty minutes south from San Francisco along Highway 1 and you will come to the town of Moss Beach. When you get there, look for a small sign on the right that says \"Marine Life Refuge\". At the end of the road you will find \u003ca href=\"http://fitzgeraldreserve.org/\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a>, a place where you can leave city life behind and experience an ephemeral world that is only available to humans when the gravitational pull of the moon and sun create a low tide. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first ventured out onto the rocky algae covered reef of the FMR in 2004. At the time, I had made a life changing decision to give up a career in biology and venture into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.joshuacassidy.com/JoshuaCassidy.com/Home.html\">field of natural history filmmaking\u003c/a>. Excluding the countless hours I had spent watching nature shows on TV, I had no formal film production training. What I did have was a new video camera, a wool cap, and a child-like fascination with exploring nature. Over the next year, I spent every available daylight low tide at the reserve figuring out how to capture the feeling of coming face-to-face with a hermit crab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filming in a marine environment presents a host of special challenges. Electronics and saltwater are not friends, but I had decided to make a film entirely within one foot above and below the water line. To do so I would have to get creative. For the majority of the underwater shots, I used a homemade aquascope made out of a black plastic tube that I cut to fit on the end of my camera’s lens. I glued a piece of clear \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly(methyl_methacrylate)\">Plexiglas \u003c/a>on the other end, which allowed me to film in inches of water without the glare produced by the sun reflecting off the surface. Later I stepped up to a \"splash bag\", which is basically a glorified Ziploc bag with a clear lens on one end. The splash bag seals the camera inside and has the added advantage of protecting the camera when you slip on a spot of slick algae and slide down some jagged rocks into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second most useful piece of equipment I acquired for the film was a close-up filter, which is basically a magnifying glass that screws onto the lens. This allowed me to get the detailed shots of the tide pool inhabitants. I like the idea of filming animals from their own perspective, which in this case meant sitting or lying on the rocks to get the camera at the same level as the subject. This sounds easy enough, but when sitting on cold wet rocks, it doesn’t take long before the shivers start to make your hands (and thus your camera) shake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the concerns with filming very small creatures on the rocky shore is the potential to forget where you are and have the tide sneak back in, trapping you far out on a rock. More dangerous is the potential of a rogue wave coming without warning and sweeping an unaware visitor out to sea. This leads to the adage \"Don’t turn your back to the sea.\" Keep that in mind when you make your own trip to Fitzgerald Marine Reserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The animals that live in the intertidal zone have adapted well to the demanding lifestyle of competing for space and resources in a rugged and fluctuating environment that is relentlessly pounded by the Pacific surf and surge. What they have not adapted to is having people step on them. When I am out on the rocks filming or introducing a friend to the reserve I always abide by the rules for tide pool etiquette: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tNo collecting! The reserve was formed to protect the intertidal inhabitants and even a short time in your pail will be detrimental to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tWatch where you step and be careful with the intertidal creatures. Don’t love the tide pools to death by inadvertently stepping on their residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tKeep your distance from the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbor_seal\">Harbor seals\u003c/a> that haul out on the rocks to rest or sun themselves. It is illegal to harass the seals no matter how cute they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tDress the part. Wear layers, a hat, and some old tennis shoes. The rocks and barnacles are too sharp to comfortably walk barefoot. I find surfing booties to be ideal on the slick rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tKeep an eye on the waves so you don’t have to take an unplanned swim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tHave fun. Bring the family, friends, and anyone else who might be suffering from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/nature-deficit-disorder\">Nature Deficit Disorder\u003c/a>. We have the power to protect what we love, and we only love that which we know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, if you venture out to the pools but you don’t immediately see any wildlife don’t just move on. Many of the creatures are shy and skittish, and will hide at first sign of your footsteps and shadows. Just relax and wait for a couple minutes. You will soon see that the pools are teaming with a dazzling quantity of colorful snails, sculpins, anemones, and hermit crabs. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Fitzgerald Marine Reserve is a place where you can leave city life behind and experience an ephemeral world that is only available to humans when the gravitational pull of the moon and sun create a low tide.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457656132,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":863},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Your Videos on QUEST - Joshua Cassidy | KQED","description":"Fitzgerald Marine Reserve is a place where you can leave city life behind and experience an ephemeral world that is only available to humans when the gravitational pull of the moon and sun create a low tide.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"14222 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2011/05/03/producers-notes-your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/03/producers-notes-your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy/","disqusTitle":"Producer's Notes: Your Videos on QUEST - Joshua Cassidy","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUT8XUjXtmY","path":"/quest/14222/producers-notes-your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Drive about thirty minutes south from San Francisco along Highway 1 and you will come to the town of Moss Beach. When you get there, look for a small sign on the right that says \"Marine Life Refuge\". At the end of the road you will find \u003ca href=\"http://fitzgeraldreserve.org/\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a>, a place where you can leave city life behind and experience an ephemeral world that is only available to humans when the gravitational pull of the moon and sun create a low tide. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first ventured out onto the rocky algae covered reef of the FMR in 2004. At the time, I had made a life changing decision to give up a career in biology and venture into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.joshuacassidy.com/JoshuaCassidy.com/Home.html\">field of natural history filmmaking\u003c/a>. Excluding the countless hours I had spent watching nature shows on TV, I had no formal film production training. What I did have was a new video camera, a wool cap, and a child-like fascination with exploring nature. Over the next year, I spent every available daylight low tide at the reserve figuring out how to capture the feeling of coming face-to-face with a hermit crab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filming in a marine environment presents a host of special challenges. Electronics and saltwater are not friends, but I had decided to make a film entirely within one foot above and below the water line. To do so I would have to get creative. For the majority of the underwater shots, I used a homemade aquascope made out of a black plastic tube that I cut to fit on the end of my camera’s lens. I glued a piece of clear \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly(methyl_methacrylate)\">Plexiglas \u003c/a>on the other end, which allowed me to film in inches of water without the glare produced by the sun reflecting off the surface. Later I stepped up to a \"splash bag\", which is basically a glorified Ziploc bag with a clear lens on one end. The splash bag seals the camera inside and has the added advantage of protecting the camera when you slip on a spot of slick algae and slide down some jagged rocks into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second most useful piece of equipment I acquired for the film was a close-up filter, which is basically a magnifying glass that screws onto the lens. This allowed me to get the detailed shots of the tide pool inhabitants. I like the idea of filming animals from their own perspective, which in this case meant sitting or lying on the rocks to get the camera at the same level as the subject. This sounds easy enough, but when sitting on cold wet rocks, it doesn’t take long before the shivers start to make your hands (and thus your camera) shake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the concerns with filming very small creatures on the rocky shore is the potential to forget where you are and have the tide sneak back in, trapping you far out on a rock. More dangerous is the potential of a rogue wave coming without warning and sweeping an unaware visitor out to sea. This leads to the adage \"Don’t turn your back to the sea.\" Keep that in mind when you make your own trip to Fitzgerald Marine Reserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The animals that live in the intertidal zone have adapted well to the demanding lifestyle of competing for space and resources in a rugged and fluctuating environment that is relentlessly pounded by the Pacific surf and surge. What they have not adapted to is having people step on them. When I am out on the rocks filming or introducing a friend to the reserve I always abide by the rules for tide pool etiquette: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tNo collecting! The reserve was formed to protect the intertidal inhabitants and even a short time in your pail will be detrimental to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tWatch where you step and be careful with the intertidal creatures. Don’t love the tide pools to death by inadvertently stepping on their residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tKeep your distance from the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbor_seal\">Harbor seals\u003c/a> that haul out on the rocks to rest or sun themselves. It is illegal to harass the seals no matter how cute they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tDress the part. Wear layers, a hat, and some old tennis shoes. The rocks and barnacles are too sharp to comfortably walk barefoot. I find surfing booties to be ideal on the slick rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tKeep an eye on the waves so you don’t have to take an unplanned swim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tHave fun. Bring the family, friends, and anyone else who might be suffering from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/nature-deficit-disorder\">Nature Deficit Disorder\u003c/a>. We have the power to protect what we love, and we only love that which we know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, if you venture out to the pools but you don’t immediately see any wildlife don’t just move on. Many of the creatures are shy and skittish, and will hide at first sign of your footsteps and shadows. Just relax and wait for a couple minutes. You will soon see that the pools are teaming with a dazzling quantity of colorful snails, sculpins, anemones, and hermit crabs. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/14222/producers-notes-your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy","authors":["6219"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_294","quest_718","quest_3576","quest_1656","quest_1739","quest_3666","quest_3387","quest_3767","quest_2893","quest_2937","quest_3813"],"featImg":"quest_14224","label":"quest"},"quest_9253":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_9253","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"9253","score":null,"sort":[1287073806000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sand-waves-and-the-golden-gate","title":"Sand Waves and the Golden Gate","publishDate":1287073806,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/bridge.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Seafloor under the Golden Gate Bridge, USGS\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seafloor mapping of the San Francisco Bay and surrounding areas by marine scientists at the \u003ca href=\"http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/\">U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://seafloor.csumb.edu/index.html\">Cal State University at Monterey Bay's Sea Floor Mapping Lab (SFML)\u003c/a> is important for keeping shipping lanes safe, understanding pollution dispersal, mapping habitats, and much more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://seafloor.csumb.edu/\">Mapping of the underwater topography\u003c/a> (called bathymetry) reveals landscapes fundamental to understanding the Bay Area's unique geology. The Golden Gate strait connects the San Francisco Bay to the open Pacific Ocean and is only one mile across.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the tidal range in the Bay Area is not incredibly large, the narrowness of the Golden Gate creates a \u003ca href=\"http://funnel.sfsu.edu/courses/geol102/ex6.html\">funneling effect\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #800000\">\u003cem>\"Large volumes of water move into and out of San Francisco Bay as the tidal level of the Pacific Ocean just outside the Golden Gate changes each day. When the tide is changing from low to high levels, a flooding current moves water inland from (and through) the Golden Gate. When the tide is changing from high to low levels, an ebbing current moves water from inside the Bay toward (and through) the Golden Gate.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/sea_floor_mapping.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-9256 aligncenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/sea_floor_mapping.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"604\" height=\"357\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The image above (from Cal State Monterey Bay) is a perspective image looking towards the east. The colors represent water depth with the reds and yellows as shallower water and the blue and purple deeper water. The prominent patterns in the foreground might look like ripple marks on the beach, but these sand waves are similar in scale to some sand dunes seen in deserts -- up to 30 feet tall and more than 700 feet from crest to crest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vigorous currents funneled through the Golden Gate continuously move sediment from underneath the bridge where it accumulates as these sand waves. But remember, this is a static snapshot of very dynamic systems. I'd love to see multiple repeat surveys that show how the field of sand waves change over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about the processes that move this sediment from \u003ca href=\"http://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2006/09/research.html\">this USGS article\u003c/a> and in \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/07/20/MNGU1K2AV91.DTL\">this SF Chronicle piece\u003c/a> from 2006, along with this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/sea-3d-charting-the-ocean-floor\">QUEST story on 3-D seafloor mapping. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/sea-3d-charting-the-ocean-floor\">~\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/sea-3d-charting-the-ocean-floor\">\u003cem>Images: (1) From USGS Scientific Investigations Map 2917, \u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2917/\">Under the Golden Gate Bridge -- Views of the Seafloor Near the Entrance to San Francisco Bay\u003c/a>; (2) \u003ca href=\"http://www.calstate.edu/coast/coast_data_and_products/seafloor.shtml\">Cal State Monterey Bay Sea Foor Mapping Lab\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.80121220680936 -122.53662873990834\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Mapping of the underwater topography (called bathymetry) reveals landscapes fundamental to understanding the Bay Area's unique geology. The Golden Gate strait connects the San Francisco Bay to the open Pacific Ocean and is only one mile across.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1287073806,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":396},"headData":{"title":"Sand Waves and the Golden Gate | KQED","description":"Mapping of the underwater topography (called bathymetry) reveals landscapes fundamental to understanding the Bay Area's unique geology. The Golden Gate strait connects the San Francisco Bay to the open Pacific Ocean and is only one mile across.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"9253 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=9253","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/14/sand-waves-and-the-golden-gate/","disqusTitle":"Sand Waves and the Golden Gate","path":"/quest/9253/sand-waves-and-the-golden-gate","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/bridge.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Seafloor under the Golden Gate Bridge, USGS\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seafloor mapping of the San Francisco Bay and surrounding areas by marine scientists at the \u003ca href=\"http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/\">U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://seafloor.csumb.edu/index.html\">Cal State University at Monterey Bay's Sea Floor Mapping Lab (SFML)\u003c/a> is important for keeping shipping lanes safe, understanding pollution dispersal, mapping habitats, and much more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://seafloor.csumb.edu/\">Mapping of the underwater topography\u003c/a> (called bathymetry) reveals landscapes fundamental to understanding the Bay Area's unique geology. The Golden Gate strait connects the San Francisco Bay to the open Pacific Ocean and is only one mile across.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the tidal range in the Bay Area is not incredibly large, the narrowness of the Golden Gate creates a \u003ca href=\"http://funnel.sfsu.edu/courses/geol102/ex6.html\">funneling effect\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #800000\">\u003cem>\"Large volumes of water move into and out of San Francisco Bay as the tidal level of the Pacific Ocean just outside the Golden Gate changes each day. When the tide is changing from low to high levels, a flooding current moves water inland from (and through) the Golden Gate. When the tide is changing from high to low levels, an ebbing current moves water from inside the Bay toward (and through) the Golden Gate.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/sea_floor_mapping.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-9256 aligncenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/sea_floor_mapping.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"604\" height=\"357\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The image above (from Cal State Monterey Bay) is a perspective image looking towards the east. The colors represent water depth with the reds and yellows as shallower water and the blue and purple deeper water. The prominent patterns in the foreground might look like ripple marks on the beach, but these sand waves are similar in scale to some sand dunes seen in deserts -- up to 30 feet tall and more than 700 feet from crest to crest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vigorous currents funneled through the Golden Gate continuously move sediment from underneath the bridge where it accumulates as these sand waves. But remember, this is a static snapshot of very dynamic systems. I'd love to see multiple repeat surveys that show how the field of sand waves change over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about the processes that move this sediment from \u003ca href=\"http://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2006/09/research.html\">this USGS article\u003c/a> and in \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/07/20/MNGU1K2AV91.DTL\">this SF Chronicle piece\u003c/a> from 2006, along with this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/sea-3d-charting-the-ocean-floor\">QUEST story on 3-D seafloor mapping. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/sea-3d-charting-the-ocean-floor\">~\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/sea-3d-charting-the-ocean-floor\">\u003cem>Images: (1) From USGS Scientific Investigations Map 2917, \u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2917/\">Under the Golden Gate Bridge -- Views of the Seafloor Near the Entrance to San Francisco Bay\u003c/a>; (2) \u003ca href=\"http://www.calstate.edu/coast/coast_data_and_products/seafloor.shtml\">Cal State Monterey Bay Sea Foor Mapping Lab\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.80121220680936 -122.53662873990834\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/9253/sand-waves-and-the-golden-gate","authors":["10171"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_13200","quest_1739","quest_2034","quest_2038","quest_2486","quest_2487","quest_2564","quest_2576"],"label":"quest"},"quest_6455":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_6455","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"6455","score":null,"sort":[1278705609000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-protecting-marine-reserves","title":"Reporter's Notes: Protecting Marine Reserves","publishDate":1278705609,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/protecting-marine-reserves\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/4-37_MPA300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/\" target=\"_blank\">Marine Life Protection Act\u003c/a> planning process is mammoth. When it's all said and done, it will have spanned more than a decade, involving dozens of public meetings and hundreds of stakeholders. The result will be one of the most robust conservation networks in the world, stretching across 1,100 miles of coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, two regions of the California coast have marine protected areas (MPAs) in place - the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/images/ccmpas041907.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Central Coast\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/pdfs/ipa_map.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">North Central Coast\u003c/a>, which spans from Mendocino to the top of Santa Barbara County. \"Marine protected area\" is catch-all phrase for the different kinds of reserves that are set up in this process. Some are strictly \"no-take\" zones where fishing isn't allowed. Others are recreational areas where fishing is limited. In all, about 350 square miles have been protected, or about 18% of the state waters in these study areas. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/underwater-wilderness-creating-marine-protected-areas\" target=\"_blank\">Here's a QUEST TV story\u003c/a> we did just after the first MPAs were created). The two remaining sections of the coast are at the very northern and southern ends of the state. Each has its own challenges (\u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201006220850/b\" target=\"_blank\">check out this California Report story\u003c/a> about the north coast region for more on that.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first group of MPAs went into effect three years ago, but in May, 21 new MPAs went into effect off the coast of San Francisco. As part of this story, I spoke with the game wardens at the California Department of Fish and Game. They're on the frontlines of patrolling and enforcing these new reserves. The California budget crisis has certainly had a impact on the department. California has the lowest number of wardens per capita in the nation. The ones patrolling the MPAs are responsible for both other coastal regulations and several counties inland. However, public-private partnerships are playing a big role. Foundations and non-profits stepping in to help out and fund some of the monitoring activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the big questions yet to be answered is whether the MPAs are having in impact on the marine life they're designed to protect. \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/faculty/carr.html\" target=\"_blank\">Mark Carr\u003c/a>, a UC Santa Cruz professor, said it will be a few more years before their surveys show results. Unlike some tropical marine ecosystems, the ones off the California coast are slow-growing. If they are successful, Carr says the results could be seen both in and outside the MPAs. The goal is to see bigger fish and more fish all over the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/07/09/reporters-notes-protecting-marine-reserves/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/protecting-marine-reserves\">Listen to the Protecting Marine Reserves\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>36.96554 -122.00112\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Argentine ants have had amazing success as an invasive species in the US. Their West Coast super colony numbers in the billions and spans from Mexico to Oregon. But aside from invading homes, they've had a dramatic effect on native ants and local ecosystems.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443829309,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":432},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: Protecting Marine Reserves | KQED","description":"Argentine ants have had amazing success as an invasive species in the US. Their West Coast super colony numbers in the billions and spans from Mexico to Oregon. But aside from invading homes, they've had a dramatic effect on native ants and local ecosystems.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"6455 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2010/07/09/reporters-notes-protecting-marine-reserves/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/07/09/reporters-notes-protecting-marine-reserves/","disqusTitle":"Reporter's Notes: Protecting Marine Reserves","path":"/quest/6455/reporters-notes-protecting-marine-reserves","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/protecting-marine-reserves\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/4-37_MPA300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/\" target=\"_blank\">Marine Life Protection Act\u003c/a> planning process is mammoth. When it's all said and done, it will have spanned more than a decade, involving dozens of public meetings and hundreds of stakeholders. The result will be one of the most robust conservation networks in the world, stretching across 1,100 miles of coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, two regions of the California coast have marine protected areas (MPAs) in place - the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/images/ccmpas041907.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Central Coast\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/pdfs/ipa_map.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">North Central Coast\u003c/a>, which spans from Mendocino to the top of Santa Barbara County. \"Marine protected area\" is catch-all phrase for the different kinds of reserves that are set up in this process. Some are strictly \"no-take\" zones where fishing isn't allowed. Others are recreational areas where fishing is limited. In all, about 350 square miles have been protected, or about 18% of the state waters in these study areas. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/underwater-wilderness-creating-marine-protected-areas\" target=\"_blank\">Here's a QUEST TV story\u003c/a> we did just after the first MPAs were created). The two remaining sections of the coast are at the very northern and southern ends of the state. Each has its own challenges (\u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201006220850/b\" target=\"_blank\">check out this California Report story\u003c/a> about the north coast region for more on that.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first group of MPAs went into effect three years ago, but in May, 21 new MPAs went into effect off the coast of San Francisco. As part of this story, I spoke with the game wardens at the California Department of Fish and Game. They're on the frontlines of patrolling and enforcing these new reserves. The California budget crisis has certainly had a impact on the department. California has the lowest number of wardens per capita in the nation. The ones patrolling the MPAs are responsible for both other coastal regulations and several counties inland. However, public-private partnerships are playing a big role. Foundations and non-profits stepping in to help out and fund some of the monitoring activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the big questions yet to be answered is whether the MPAs are having in impact on the marine life they're designed to protect. \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/faculty/carr.html\" target=\"_blank\">Mark Carr\u003c/a>, a UC Santa Cruz professor, said it will be a few more years before their surveys show results. Unlike some tropical marine ecosystems, the ones off the California coast are slow-growing. If they are successful, Carr says the results could be seen both in and outside the MPAs. The goal is to see bigger fish and more fish all over the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/07/09/reporters-notes-protecting-marine-reserves/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/protecting-marine-reserves\">Listen to the Protecting Marine Reserves\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>36.96554 -122.00112\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/6455/reporters-notes-protecting-marine-reserves","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_326","quest_684","quest_1099","quest_1100","quest_1739","quest_1745","quest_1884","quest_2034","quest_2100"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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