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In her spare time, Cathy is pursuing a Master in Communication in Digital Media (MCDM) degree from the University of Washington and enjoys practicing photography and traveling.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5ae7f1e677ff11199a8dd42a2677f129?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Cathy Britt | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5ae7f1e677ff11199a8dd42a2677f129?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5ae7f1e677ff11199a8dd42a2677f129?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/cathybritt"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_52036":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_52036","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"52036","score":null,"sort":[1365196590000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"navy-training-raises-new-concerns-for-whales-off-california-coast","title":"Navy Training Raises New Concerns for Whales off California Coast","publishDate":1365196590,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2013/04/20130408quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The US Navy is planning to increase training exercises off the Southern California coast, including sonar and explosives training. That’s raising concerns for whales and marine mammals on the entire coast including gray, humpback and blue whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonar is known to disturb whales and can harm their hearing, a danger in an environment where sound is dominant. Sound travels four times faster underwater than it does in air, making it a powerful communication tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52057\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-52057\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg\" alt=\"(Jason Isley/Scubazoo)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Jason Isley/Scubazoo)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The physical environment of the ocean really favors the use of sound and the animals have evolved accordingly,” said Brandon Southall, a marine scientist affiliated with the University of California-Santa Cruz. For the last few years, he’s been recording whales off California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue whales use deep rumblings, almost too low for humans to hear. “Some of these low-frequency sounds can be picked up hundreds of miles away from where the animals are,” said Southall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other dolphins and whales use sound to locate objects in the water through echolocation. It’s a key tool for deep-diving beaked whales, a family of rarely seen and little-understood whales found off the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a pattern of clicking that’s almost like a searchlight, where they’re flashing this strobe of sound,” Southall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navy sonar technology is based on the same idea, but the sounds can be four times louder than a whale call, loud enough to actually harm whales and in rare cases, kill them. That happened with a group of beaked whales in the Bahamas in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were training exercises, military sonar training exercises, and shortly thereafter, an atypical number of animals washed up dead on the beach,” said Southall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southall studies the effects of sonar, work that’s funded in part by the US Navy. Most commonly, sonar disrupts marine mammal behavior – sometimes behavior that’s crucial to survival. Southall and his team have seen blue whales and beaked whales stop feeding because of sonar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We absolutely share the concern about protecting marine mammals,” said Alex Stone, an environmental program manager with the Navy’s Pacific Fleet. The fleet has done sonar training off Southern California and Hawaii for years. Beginning next year, commanders are looking to increase it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A training scenario may involve two or three Navy destroyers out looking for a submarine,” said Stone. The threat of submarine warfare decreased after the end of the Cold War, “but that trend has absolutely reversed and there’s been a proliferation of these very quiet, inexpensive diesel-electric submarines that a lot of countries have now,” including North Korea, explained Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Navy’s analysis, the sonar-training program could affect the behavior of whales, dolphins and marine mammals millions of times over five years. Stone says there are lookouts on board Navy ships that stop training runs if whales are spotted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think that the mitigation measures are effective, but it’s true, you’re never going to see every marine mammal that’s there,” said Stone. “But in terms of impacts on species, we really haven’t seen any of those after years and years of doing these same types of training and testing activities in these same areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s always been a dubious argument but in light of new information it’s wearing especially thin,” said Michael Jasny of the Natural Resources Defense Council. “We now know that beaked whales off California are declining precipitously. We know that blue whales aren’t recovering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jasny says the Navy should avoid key areas, like gray whale migration routes and the summer feeding grounds of endangered blue and fin whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Southern California is a globally important feeding habitat for them,” said Jasny. “It should be elementary common sense to avoid the core feeding habitat of blue whales. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state of California came to the same conclusion in a review of the Navy’s plan. At a March meeting, the California Coastal Commission staff recommended the Navy stay out of sensitive areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We rely on this large area and when you start to segment it in little areas where - you can go here, can’t go there - it really affects the training realism,” Stone responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five years ago, California made the same request, but the Navy went ahead with the training anyway, citing national security concerns. The Coastal Commission sued and lost. This time, state officials didn’t mince words, like Commissioner Jana Zimmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got this stumbling block of the Navy being completely unwilling – completely unwilling to accept any of the mitigations,” Zimmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy is also seeking approval from federal wildlife officials with the National Marine Fisheries Service. The agency is expected to make a decision later this year.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As the whale migration season reaches its peak, new concerns arise over naval training exercises off the California coast.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1438122992,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":858},"headData":{"title":"Navy Training Raises New Concerns for Whales off California Coast | KQED","description":"As the whale migration season reaches its peak, new concerns arise over naval training exercises off the California coast.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Navy Training Raises New Concerns for Whales off California Coast","datePublished":"2013-04-05T21:16:30.000Z","dateModified":"2015-07-28T22:36:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"52036 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=52036","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/05/navy-training-raises-new-concerns-for-whales-off-california-coast/","disqusTitle":"Navy Training Raises New Concerns for Whales off California Coast","WpOldSlug":"west-coast-a-test-bed-for-ocean-acidification-2","path":"/quest/52036/navy-training-raises-new-concerns-for-whales-off-california-coast","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2013/04/20130408quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2013/04/20130408quest.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The US Navy is planning to increase training exercises off the Southern California coast, including sonar and explosives training. That’s raising concerns for whales and marine mammals on the entire coast including gray, humpback and blue whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonar is known to disturb whales and can harm their hearing, a danger in an environment where sound is dominant. Sound travels four times faster underwater than it does in air, making it a powerful communication tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52057\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-52057\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg\" alt=\"(Jason Isley/Scubazoo)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Jason Isley/Scubazoo)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The physical environment of the ocean really favors the use of sound and the animals have evolved accordingly,” said Brandon Southall, a marine scientist affiliated with the University of California-Santa Cruz. For the last few years, he’s been recording whales off California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue whales use deep rumblings, almost too low for humans to hear. “Some of these low-frequency sounds can be picked up hundreds of miles away from where the animals are,” said Southall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other dolphins and whales use sound to locate objects in the water through echolocation. It’s a key tool for deep-diving beaked whales, a family of rarely seen and little-understood whales found off the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a pattern of clicking that’s almost like a searchlight, where they’re flashing this strobe of sound,” Southall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navy sonar technology is based on the same idea, but the sounds can be four times louder than a whale call, loud enough to actually harm whales and in rare cases, kill them. That happened with a group of beaked whales in the Bahamas in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were training exercises, military sonar training exercises, and shortly thereafter, an atypical number of animals washed up dead on the beach,” said Southall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southall studies the effects of sonar, work that’s funded in part by the US Navy. Most commonly, sonar disrupts marine mammal behavior – sometimes behavior that’s crucial to survival. Southall and his team have seen blue whales and beaked whales stop feeding because of sonar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We absolutely share the concern about protecting marine mammals,” said Alex Stone, an environmental program manager with the Navy’s Pacific Fleet. The fleet has done sonar training off Southern California and Hawaii for years. Beginning next year, commanders are looking to increase it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A training scenario may involve two or three Navy destroyers out looking for a submarine,” said Stone. The threat of submarine warfare decreased after the end of the Cold War, “but that trend has absolutely reversed and there’s been a proliferation of these very quiet, inexpensive diesel-electric submarines that a lot of countries have now,” including North Korea, explained Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Navy’s analysis, the sonar-training program could affect the behavior of whales, dolphins and marine mammals millions of times over five years. Stone says there are lookouts on board Navy ships that stop training runs if whales are spotted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think that the mitigation measures are effective, but it’s true, you’re never going to see every marine mammal that’s there,” said Stone. “But in terms of impacts on species, we really haven’t seen any of those after years and years of doing these same types of training and testing activities in these same areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s always been a dubious argument but in light of new information it’s wearing especially thin,” said Michael Jasny of the Natural Resources Defense Council. “We now know that beaked whales off California are declining precipitously. We know that blue whales aren’t recovering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jasny says the Navy should avoid key areas, like gray whale migration routes and the summer feeding grounds of endangered blue and fin whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Southern California is a globally important feeding habitat for them,” said Jasny. “It should be elementary common sense to avoid the core feeding habitat of blue whales. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state of California came to the same conclusion in a review of the Navy’s plan. At a March meeting, the California Coastal Commission staff recommended the Navy stay out of sensitive areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We rely on this large area and when you start to segment it in little areas where - you can go here, can’t go there - it really affects the training realism,” Stone responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five years ago, California made the same request, but the Navy went ahead with the training anyway, citing national security concerns. The Coastal Commission sued and lost. This time, state officials didn’t mince words, like Commissioner Jana Zimmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got this stumbling block of the Navy being completely unwilling – completely unwilling to accept any of the mitigations,” Zimmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy is also seeking approval from federal wildlife officials with the National Marine Fisheries Service. The agency is expected to make a decision later this year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/52036/navy-training-raises-new-concerns-for-whales-off-california-coast","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_13178","quest_326","quest_11518","quest_1743","quest_1950","quest_13203","quest_2046","quest_2726","quest_2731","quest_3143"],"featImg":"quest_52057","label":"quest"},"quest_49466":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_49466","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"49466","score":null,"sort":[1360369661000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"on-the-elephant-seal-dating-scene-its-all-about-bravado","title":"On the Elephant Seal Dating Scene, It’s All About Bravado","publishDate":1360369661,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Love is in the air on California beaches this time of year, when northern elephant seals arrive by the thousands for breeding season. Males make plenty of noise at \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1115\">Ano Nuevo State Reserve\u003c/a>, north of Santa Cruz, but it sounds more like a chorus of motorcycles than the melodious sounds of Barry White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, researchers at the University of California Santa Cruz are decoding this complex communication system and learning how males use it to boost their reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals spend most of the year alone in the Pacific Ocean, so there’s plenty of action packed into the two months they’re on land every winter. “That’s mating behavior,” says naturalist Lisa Wolfklain, pointing at two elephant seals in a sea of hundreds of males, females and pups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003ciframe style=\"border: 0px none;overflow: hidden;float: right;margin: 10px\" src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/elephant_seals/elephantseals.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"270\" height=\"700\">\u003c/iframe> The unique calls of three male elephants seals: X579, 1C and GL (top to bottom). (Photos and recordings: C. Reichmuth and University of California-Santa Cruz NMFS Permit No. 14636)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male elephant seals are the size of an SUV -- fifteen feet long and 4,000 pounds. They’re known for their proboscis, the huge, fleshy nose that hangs over their mouth. There are plenty of available females this time of year, but most males will strike out. The dating scene is controlled by alpha males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The alpha strategy is to be dominant over a group of females, the harem,\" says Wolfklain. \"And they want to have the first right to mate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can spot the alpha males right in the middle of their groups of 10 to 100 females. The other males, known as betas, are on the outskirts, just watching, waiting for their chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So this guy's coming in,” says Wolfklain, pointing at one beta male moving quickly toward a female. The alpha male perks up and snorts a warning with customary bravado. Sometimes the fight ends there, but not this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ooh, now they’re hitting with their heads,” the commentary continues, as the two lunge at each others' chests. A few strikes seem to be enough for the beta male and he retreats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fights can be bloody and all the while, other males are taking advantage and sneaking in. It adds up to a very stressful time for male elephant seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's All About Reputation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not advantageous for males to fight all the time,” says Caroline Casey, a researcher at the UC Santa Cruz. She says fights can be risky. “Sometimes they can result in death and we’ve seen that,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals also don’t eat while on land, so they need to conserve energy. Casey says, as with humans, one way to avoid fighting is communication. But until now, no one was really sure what the males were saying to each other. So, she and her colleagues have been studying a patch of beach with about 50 males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have come up with this ranking system where we assign each male a score,” she says. It’s similar to systems used in professional sports, where the males win or lose points with every fight. Casey and her team also recorded the males’ calls and found remarkable differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One beta male, X579, has a call that ends in a flourish. “His call, to me, is my favorite. He always has this really lovely note at the end of it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>X579 was a beta male with a lot of competition. “He tends to vocalize and challenge everybody right when he gets there,” Casey says. He challenged GL, an alpha male with a very short, staccato call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is what’s so incredible. All of the animals sound completely different from one another,” Casey says. What’s more, Casey's team found that each male seems to use the same call year after year, whether he has a harem or not. It’s their signature call – and they flaunt it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49521\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 308px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantsealfemale.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-49521\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantsealfemale.jpg\" alt=\"A female and pup at Ano Nuevo State Preserve. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"308\" height=\"207\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female and pup at Ano Nuevo State Preserve. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A larger, more dominant animal will come up to a smaller animal, maybe beat him up a little bit, call at him before and after, like, ‘Hey, this is me. I’m Bob. Don’t mess with me,'” says Casey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all about spreading your reputation around. “That’s called associative learning and that’s very unique among marine mammals, Casey explains. \"That means that every male has the potential to be learning every other male based on their acoustic signature at that site.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These complex communication systems have been studied in songbirds and other animals, but Casey says less is known about marine species. “I think it’s just a piece of larger puzzle in understanding how these animals breed and how they’re going to survive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A century ago, elephant seals were hunted to near extinction for their blubber. Fewer than 100 lingered off the coast of Mexico. With protective laws in place, today there are 170,000 northern elephant seals and growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s good news for Casey’s loner elephant seal X579. This year, he’s an alpha male for the first time. As for the others, there’s always next year.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"They may sound like faulty plumbing, but male northern elephant seals have a unique communication system that's all about reputation.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450493545,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/elephant_seals/elephantseals.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":913},"headData":{"title":"On the Elephant Seal Dating Scene, It’s All About Bravado | KQED","description":"They may sound like faulty plumbing, but male northern elephant seals have a unique communication system that's all about reputation.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"On the Elephant Seal Dating Scene, It’s All About Bravado","datePublished":"2013-02-09T00:27:41.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T02:52:25.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"49466 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=49466","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/08/on-the-elephant-seal-dating-scene-its-all-about-bravado/","disqusTitle":"On the Elephant Seal Dating Scene, It’s All About Bravado","source":"Biology","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2013/02/20130211science.mp3","WpOldSlug":"west-coast-a-test-bed-for-ocean-acidification-2","path":"/quest/49466/on-the-elephant-seal-dating-scene-its-all-about-bravado","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Love is in the air on California beaches this time of year, when northern elephant seals arrive by the thousands for breeding season. Males make plenty of noise at \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1115\">Ano Nuevo State Reserve\u003c/a>, north of Santa Cruz, but it sounds more like a chorus of motorcycles than the melodious sounds of Barry White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, researchers at the University of California Santa Cruz are decoding this complex communication system and learning how males use it to boost their reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals spend most of the year alone in the Pacific Ocean, so there’s plenty of action packed into the two months they’re on land every winter. “That’s mating behavior,” says naturalist Lisa Wolfklain, pointing at two elephant seals in a sea of hundreds of males, females and pups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003ciframe style=\"border: 0px none;overflow: hidden;float: right;margin: 10px\" src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/elephant_seals/elephantseals.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"270\" height=\"700\">\u003c/iframe> The unique calls of three male elephants seals: X579, 1C and GL (top to bottom). (Photos and recordings: C. Reichmuth and University of California-Santa Cruz NMFS Permit No. 14636)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male elephant seals are the size of an SUV -- fifteen feet long and 4,000 pounds. They’re known for their proboscis, the huge, fleshy nose that hangs over their mouth. There are plenty of available females this time of year, but most males will strike out. The dating scene is controlled by alpha males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The alpha strategy is to be dominant over a group of females, the harem,\" says Wolfklain. \"And they want to have the first right to mate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can spot the alpha males right in the middle of their groups of 10 to 100 females. The other males, known as betas, are on the outskirts, just watching, waiting for their chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So this guy's coming in,” says Wolfklain, pointing at one beta male moving quickly toward a female. The alpha male perks up and snorts a warning with customary bravado. Sometimes the fight ends there, but not this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ooh, now they’re hitting with their heads,” the commentary continues, as the two lunge at each others' chests. A few strikes seem to be enough for the beta male and he retreats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fights can be bloody and all the while, other males are taking advantage and sneaking in. It adds up to a very stressful time for male elephant seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's All About Reputation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not advantageous for males to fight all the time,” says Caroline Casey, a researcher at the UC Santa Cruz. She says fights can be risky. “Sometimes they can result in death and we’ve seen that,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elephant seals also don’t eat while on land, so they need to conserve energy. Casey says, as with humans, one way to avoid fighting is communication. But until now, no one was really sure what the males were saying to each other. So, she and her colleagues have been studying a patch of beach with about 50 males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have come up with this ranking system where we assign each male a score,” she says. It’s similar to systems used in professional sports, where the males win or lose points with every fight. Casey and her team also recorded the males’ calls and found remarkable differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One beta male, X579, has a call that ends in a flourish. “His call, to me, is my favorite. He always has this really lovely note at the end of it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>X579 was a beta male with a lot of competition. “He tends to vocalize and challenge everybody right when he gets there,” Casey says. He challenged GL, an alpha male with a very short, staccato call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is what’s so incredible. All of the animals sound completely different from one another,” Casey says. What’s more, Casey's team found that each male seems to use the same call year after year, whether he has a harem or not. It’s their signature call – and they flaunt it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49521\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 308px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantsealfemale.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-49521\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/elephantsealfemale.jpg\" alt=\"A female and pup at Ano Nuevo State Preserve. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"308\" height=\"207\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female and pup at Ano Nuevo State Preserve. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A larger, more dominant animal will come up to a smaller animal, maybe beat him up a little bit, call at him before and after, like, ‘Hey, this is me. I’m Bob. Don’t mess with me,'” says Casey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all about spreading your reputation around. “That’s called associative learning and that’s very unique among marine mammals, Casey explains. \"That means that every male has the potential to be learning every other male based on their acoustic signature at that site.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These complex communication systems have been studied in songbirds and other animals, but Casey says less is known about marine species. “I think it’s just a piece of larger puzzle in understanding how these animals breed and how they’re going to survive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A century ago, elephant seals were hunted to near extinction for their blubber. Fewer than 100 lingered off the coast of Mexico. With protective laws in place, today there are 170,000 northern elephant seals and growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s good news for Casey’s loner elephant seal X579. This year, he’s an alpha male for the first time. As for the others, there’s always next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/49466/on-the-elephant-seal-dating-scene-its-all-about-bravado","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_11725","quest_13193","quest_11488","quest_665","quest_962","quest_11194","quest_1743","quest_13203","quest_2034","quest_2209"],"featImg":"quest_49513","label":"source_quest_49466"},"quest_20794":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_20794","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"20794","score":null,"sort":[1311106933000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-killer-affecting-killer-whale-populations","title":"The Killer Affecting Killer Whale Populations","publishDate":1311106933,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Killer Affecting Killer Whale Populations | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/BrittCathy-KCTS-Killer_Whales_Toxins.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-20796\" title=\"BrittCathy-KCTS-Killer_Whales_Toxins\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/BrittCathy-KCTS-Killer_Whales_Toxins-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"killer whales\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEATTLE, Wash.—Nothing excites whale researchers and whale fanatics more than seeing a new calf born into the pod. However, researchers have learned that calf survival rates are incredibly low, especially for the orca’s first born. The mother’s young calf often dies because of something the mother passes on to her offspring—PCBs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are PCBs?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl\">Polychlorinated Biphenyls\u003c/a>, commonly known as PCBs, are manufactured organic chemicals that were primarily used as insulating liquids, such as coolants and lubricants in electrical equipment, but were also used in other common materials such as paints, cement, adhesives, and even the flame retardants used in some children’s clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PCBs enter the water through spills, leaks, damage to equipment and improperly disposed trash. Though production of PCBs was banned in the 1970s because of its harmful effects to the environment, the chemical still presents a significant environmental threat today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PCBs thrive in fish and marine mammals\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhat makes PCBs unique from other toxins is that its molecules are extremely fat-soluble, meaning they accumulate easily in fats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They thrive in fish and marine mammals and can reach levels thousands of times higher than the levels of PCBs in the surrounding water, essentially making fish and marine mammals a PCB Petri dish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the PCB concentration in Puget Sound orcas is the result of PCB build up in their primary food source—Chinook salmon. These tiny toxins lower orcas’ immunity to diseases, decrease sperm count and disrupt many hormonal, developmental and reproductive processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do the PCBs ever leave the orcas?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nUnfortunately, once they’re in the orca, the toxins don’t go away. PCBs are considered a Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) because once ingested, they persistently build up in the fatty blubber of the orcas. As PCB concentration increases, it severely decreases the orca’s lifespan, further threatening the existing members of an already endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What does that mean for the orcas?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOnly sexually mature females have a chance of getting rid of any PCBs. One of the hormonal processes the PCBs disrupt is calf development. The toxin actually imitates the hormone that is the main form of estrogen involved in reproduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, a small amount of the PCBs are transferred as the offspring develops. Even more toxins are excreted through the mother’s breast milk which is extremely rich in fat. In fact, studies show female blubber samples have one-third the levels of PCB toxins found in male orcas. Essentially, the offspring increase the mother’s chances of survival by taking some of her PCB concentration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trade off is that PCB levels in the developing calf, especially the firstborn, often lead to its premature death. It sometimes takes multiple attempts for female orcas to have a calf with low enough PCB levels to survive. Meanwhile, each time the mother gives birth, she has a better chance of surviving with fewer PCBs in her system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This tragic cycle, paired with toxic effects of lower sperm counts, higher susceptibility to disease, depletion of the salmon supply and other factors, have resulted in the southern resident orca reproduction rate to drop significantly in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orcas do not reproduce in litters or even on a consistent basis. Females begin breeding when they are around 15 years of age and give birth about every three to four years. Around age 40, most females stop breeding and their PCB levels rise at a greater rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without these environmental setbacks, females could produce four-to-six surviving offspring during their reproductive years. Instead, orca survival rates are greatly outnumbered by mortality rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What can be done?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nUnfortunately, there isn’t a quick fix. Although it’s been more than 40 years since PCBs were banned, their persistent properties cause them to stick around. In fact, researchers predict that PCB concentrations may not decrease to a safer level for at least another 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task for humans now is a simple one we’ve all heard before: be kind to the environment. As individuals, dispose of trash properly, purchase environmentally-friendly household supplies and help spread the word about the challenges orcas face and ways to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Nothing excites whale researchers and whale fanatics more than seeing a new calf born into the pod. However, researchers have learned that calf survival rates are incredibly low, especially for the orca’s first born. The mother’s young calf often dies because of something the mother passes on to her offspring—PCBs.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974021,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":713},"headData":{"title":"The Killer Affecting Killer Whale Populations | KQED","description":"Nothing excites whale researchers and whale fanatics more than seeing a new calf born into the pod. However, researchers have learned that calf survival rates are incredibly low, especially for the orca’s first born. The mother’s young calf often dies because of something the mother passes on to her offspring—PCBs.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Killer Affecting Killer Whale Populations","datePublished":"2011-07-19T20:22:13.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:20:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/20794/the-killer-affecting-killer-whale-populations","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/BrittCathy-KCTS-Killer_Whales_Toxins.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-20796\" title=\"BrittCathy-KCTS-Killer_Whales_Toxins\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/BrittCathy-KCTS-Killer_Whales_Toxins-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"killer whales\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEATTLE, Wash.—Nothing excites whale researchers and whale fanatics more than seeing a new calf born into the pod. However, researchers have learned that calf survival rates are incredibly low, especially for the orca’s first born. The mother’s young calf often dies because of something the mother passes on to her offspring—PCBs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are PCBs?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl\">Polychlorinated Biphenyls\u003c/a>, commonly known as PCBs, are manufactured organic chemicals that were primarily used as insulating liquids, such as coolants and lubricants in electrical equipment, but were also used in other common materials such as paints, cement, adhesives, and even the flame retardants used in some children’s clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PCBs enter the water through spills, leaks, damage to equipment and improperly disposed trash. Though production of PCBs was banned in the 1970s because of its harmful effects to the environment, the chemical still presents a significant environmental threat today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PCBs thrive in fish and marine mammals\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhat makes PCBs unique from other toxins is that its molecules are extremely fat-soluble, meaning they accumulate easily in fats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They thrive in fish and marine mammals and can reach levels thousands of times higher than the levels of PCBs in the surrounding water, essentially making fish and marine mammals a PCB Petri dish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the PCB concentration in Puget Sound orcas is the result of PCB build up in their primary food source—Chinook salmon. These tiny toxins lower orcas’ immunity to diseases, decrease sperm count and disrupt many hormonal, developmental and reproductive processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do the PCBs ever leave the orcas?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nUnfortunately, once they’re in the orca, the toxins don’t go away. PCBs are considered a Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) because once ingested, they persistently build up in the fatty blubber of the orcas. As PCB concentration increases, it severely decreases the orca’s lifespan, further threatening the existing members of an already endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What does that mean for the orcas?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOnly sexually mature females have a chance of getting rid of any PCBs. One of the hormonal processes the PCBs disrupt is calf development. The toxin actually imitates the hormone that is the main form of estrogen involved in reproduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, a small amount of the PCBs are transferred as the offspring develops. Even more toxins are excreted through the mother’s breast milk which is extremely rich in fat. In fact, studies show female blubber samples have one-third the levels of PCB toxins found in male orcas. Essentially, the offspring increase the mother’s chances of survival by taking some of her PCB concentration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trade off is that PCB levels in the developing calf, especially the firstborn, often lead to its premature death. It sometimes takes multiple attempts for female orcas to have a calf with low enough PCB levels to survive. Meanwhile, each time the mother gives birth, she has a better chance of surviving with fewer PCBs in her system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This tragic cycle, paired with toxic effects of lower sperm counts, higher susceptibility to disease, depletion of the salmon supply and other factors, have resulted in the southern resident orca reproduction rate to drop significantly in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orcas do not reproduce in litters or even on a consistent basis. Females begin breeding when they are around 15 years of age and give birth about every three to four years. Around age 40, most females stop breeding and their PCB levels rise at a greater rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without these environmental setbacks, females could produce four-to-six surviving offspring during their reproductive years. Instead, orca survival rates are greatly outnumbered by mortality rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What can be done?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nUnfortunately, there isn’t a quick fix. Although it’s been more than 40 years since PCBs were banned, their persistent properties cause them to stick around. In fact, researchers predict that PCB concentrations may not decrease to a safer level for at least another 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task for humans now is a simple one we’ve all heard before: be kind to the environment. As individuals, dispose of trash properly, purchase environmentally-friendly household supplies and help spread the word about the challenges orcas face and ways to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/20794/the-killer-affecting-killer-whale-populations","authors":["10240"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_1099","quest_1569","quest_1743","quest_2086","quest_9868","quest_12146","quest_2477","quest_9869"],"featImg":"quest_20796","label":"quest"},"quest_19181":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19181","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19181","score":null,"sort":[1297704901000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"elephant-seals-through-eighth-grade-eyes","title":"Elephant Seals Through Eighth Grade Eyes","publishDate":1297704901,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Elephant-Seals-1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Oakland middle school students observe elephant seal behavior—and snap cell phone photos—at Año Neuvo State Reserve.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This weekend, I went to \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=523\">Año Nuevo State Reserve\u003c/a> to see the \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1115\">elephant seals\u003c/a>, along with 14 Oakland middle schoolers. Some friends at \u003ca href=\"http://www.lawrencehallofscience.org/\">The Lawrence Hall of Science\u003c/a>, where I work, needed an extra driver for a field trip. I’d never been to Año Nuevo before, so I volunteered. We had a great trip—warm weather, a terrific tour guide, and plenty of animals to observe. Those perceptive middle schoolers narrowed in on a few salient facts about elephant seal life.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We took a guided walk through the sand dunes with a docent named Bob. He started and ended the tour with poems by John Muir, peppered the kids with questions, and told us some amazing info about elephant seals. He had elephant seal whiskers in his pocket, and a piece of molted skin, which he passed around to the students. They were simultaneously repulsed and fascinated. After two hours in the warm sun, peering at elephant seals through binoculars and snapping photos with cell phones, we were headed back. During our long walk from the beach to the parking lot, I asked a few kids what they found most interesting about the elephant seals. And when we got back the parking lot, we asked the kids to share with a partner what they learned about the seals, and what they still wondered. Here are the top three things that middle schoolers noticed about elephant seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Elephant seals mate. Right in front of you. And… it’s sort of violent. Males move in on the females, and sometimes bite them so they won’t struggle. As our tour guide explained, pregnant female elephant seals come onshore to give birth in December. When they head out to sea a few months later, they’re pregnant again. They’ll return to Año Nuevo and repeat the process again next year. As one girl put it, “I wouldn’t like to have a baby every year. And I wouldn’t like it if I couldn’t pick who dad would be.” From the sounds of some of those female elephant seals, they may feel the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Elephant seal moms are mean. They nurse their babies for about a month, and then leave the babies to fend for themselves. Elephant seal milk is super fatty—the pups gain up to 250 pounds during their month of nursing. Once they’re fattened up, the moms take off. The pups are then called weaners, and they live off their fat while they learn to swim and fish for themselves. About 50% of the weaners will survive the year. However, some weaners don’t even make it off the beach. We saw a skinny-looking little elephant seal, all alone, making meager movements of its flippers to flick sand onto its body to keep cool. It was forlorn and wrinkly, not glossy, fat, and round like its neighbors. Bob said it probably wouldn’t survive. It likely got separated from its mother before it had gotten fat enough to get through the weeks without food. The students were really upset about the fact that we were standing on the sand dunes, basically watching this little elephant seal die. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/elephant-seals-2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>A dominant male elephant seal shows who’s boss.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. Elephant seals can be huge. The dominant males, called bulls, can be up to 16 feet long. This is three times the height of Justin Beiber, who, as I learned on the drive out, is only 5 foot 4. Big male elephant seals can move improbably quickly across the sand, to defend their harem from smaller males who try to mate with the females on the sly. In their rush to scare away the interlopers, the big bulls sometimes mow down little elephant seal pups. The small pups are basking in the sun, and can’t get out of the way in time. About 5% of the pups at Año Nuevo are crushed under adult seals. We might have seen a pup get mowed down. Maybe. Its rear flippers might have been squished; we weren’t really sure. The little guy moved a bit, but then stopped moving. Then it moved again. And then it was time to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/elephant-seals-3.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Look!\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kids will go on a series of field trips throughout the year, to tidepools and marine labs, as part of a Lawrence Hall of Science program funded by a \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/plate/plgrant.html\">California Coastal Commission Whale Tail Grant\u003c/a>. The Coastal Commission awards dozens of grants for youth programs and coastal cleanups. The funding comes from the sales of the Whale Tail license plate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about elephant seals in Sheraz Sadiq’s QUEST blog post, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/02/11944/\">Diving to New Scientific Depths with Elephant Seals\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.1130031 -122.3302506\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"This weekend, I went to Ano Nuevo State Park to see the elephant seals, along with 14 Oakland middle schoolers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1297704901,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":842},"headData":{"title":"Elephant Seals Through Eighth Grade Eyes | KQED","description":"This weekend, I went to Ano Nuevo State Park to see the elephant seals, along with 14 Oakland middle schoolers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Elephant Seals Through Eighth Grade Eyes","datePublished":"2011-02-14T17:35:01.000Z","dateModified":"2011-02-14T17:35:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19181 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=12248","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/14/elephant-seals-through-eighth-grade-eyes/","disqusTitle":"Elephant Seals Through Eighth Grade Eyes","path":"/quest/19181/elephant-seals-through-eighth-grade-eyes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Elephant-Seals-1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Oakland middle school students observe elephant seal behavior—and snap cell phone photos—at Año Neuvo State Reserve.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This weekend, I went to \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=523\">Año Nuevo State Reserve\u003c/a> to see the \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1115\">elephant seals\u003c/a>, along with 14 Oakland middle schoolers. Some friends at \u003ca href=\"http://www.lawrencehallofscience.org/\">The Lawrence Hall of Science\u003c/a>, where I work, needed an extra driver for a field trip. I’d never been to Año Nuevo before, so I volunteered. We had a great trip—warm weather, a terrific tour guide, and plenty of animals to observe. Those perceptive middle schoolers narrowed in on a few salient facts about elephant seal life.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We took a guided walk through the sand dunes with a docent named Bob. He started and ended the tour with poems by John Muir, peppered the kids with questions, and told us some amazing info about elephant seals. He had elephant seal whiskers in his pocket, and a piece of molted skin, which he passed around to the students. They were simultaneously repulsed and fascinated. After two hours in the warm sun, peering at elephant seals through binoculars and snapping photos with cell phones, we were headed back. During our long walk from the beach to the parking lot, I asked a few kids what they found most interesting about the elephant seals. And when we got back the parking lot, we asked the kids to share with a partner what they learned about the seals, and what they still wondered. Here are the top three things that middle schoolers noticed about elephant seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Elephant seals mate. Right in front of you. And… it’s sort of violent. Males move in on the females, and sometimes bite them so they won’t struggle. As our tour guide explained, pregnant female elephant seals come onshore to give birth in December. When they head out to sea a few months later, they’re pregnant again. They’ll return to Año Nuevo and repeat the process again next year. As one girl put it, “I wouldn’t like to have a baby every year. And I wouldn’t like it if I couldn’t pick who dad would be.” From the sounds of some of those female elephant seals, they may feel the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Elephant seal moms are mean. They nurse their babies for about a month, and then leave the babies to fend for themselves. Elephant seal milk is super fatty—the pups gain up to 250 pounds during their month of nursing. Once they’re fattened up, the moms take off. The pups are then called weaners, and they live off their fat while they learn to swim and fish for themselves. About 50% of the weaners will survive the year. However, some weaners don’t even make it off the beach. We saw a skinny-looking little elephant seal, all alone, making meager movements of its flippers to flick sand onto its body to keep cool. It was forlorn and wrinkly, not glossy, fat, and round like its neighbors. Bob said it probably wouldn’t survive. It likely got separated from its mother before it had gotten fat enough to get through the weeks without food. The students were really upset about the fact that we were standing on the sand dunes, basically watching this little elephant seal die. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/elephant-seals-2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>A dominant male elephant seal shows who’s boss.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. Elephant seals can be huge. The dominant males, called bulls, can be up to 16 feet long. This is three times the height of Justin Beiber, who, as I learned on the drive out, is only 5 foot 4. Big male elephant seals can move improbably quickly across the sand, to defend their harem from smaller males who try to mate with the females on the sly. In their rush to scare away the interlopers, the big bulls sometimes mow down little elephant seal pups. The small pups are basking in the sun, and can’t get out of the way in time. About 5% of the pups at Año Nuevo are crushed under adult seals. We might have seen a pup get mowed down. Maybe. Its rear flippers might have been squished; we weren’t really sure. The little guy moved a bit, but then stopped moving. Then it moved again. And then it was time to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/elephant-seals-3.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Look!\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kids will go on a series of field trips throughout the year, to tidepools and marine labs, as part of a Lawrence Hall of Science program funded by a \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/plate/plgrant.html\">California Coastal Commission Whale Tail Grant\u003c/a>. The Coastal Commission awards dozens of grants for youth programs and coastal cleanups. The funding comes from the sales of the Whale Tail license plate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about elephant seals in Sheraz Sadiq’s QUEST blog post, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/02/11944/\">Diving to New Scientific Depths with Elephant Seals\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.1130031 -122.3302506\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19181/elephant-seals-through-eighth-grade-eyes","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_961","quest_962","quest_1090","quest_1467","quest_1743","quest_2532"],"featImg":"quest_12250","label":"quest"},"quest_11795":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_11795","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"11795","score":null,"sort":[1295891607000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"gray-whale-season","title":"It's Gray Whale Season!","publishDate":1295891607,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\"><img src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/big-whale1.jpg\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Gray whale near Pacific Grove. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/tclifton/\">Tom Clifton\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.acsonline.org/factpack/graywhl.htm\">gray whale\u003c/a> season. As you gaze out across the Pacific, you may see one. These whales are gray in color (hence their name), and are dotted with white markings—scars from parasitic barnacles that attached themselves to the whales’ skin, and then fell off. As they dive, you won’t see a dorsal fin—gray whales don’t have them—but you might see a series of bumps that extend from the middle of the back towards the tail. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gray whales we see this time of year are traveling from the Bering and \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chukchi_Sea\">Chukghi\u003c/a> seas, their summer feeding grounds, to Baja, where they mate and give birth to their calves. \u003c!--more-->These are some big babies—they’re about 4.5 meters (15 feet) long and weigh up to 1,500 pounds! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, gray whales had a wide distribution. There were four populations: the Eastern North Pacific population that we see migrating along our coast, a Western North Pacific population along the coast of Asia, and two populations in the North Atlantic. The Eastern North Atlantic population, along the coast of Europe, went extinct in the 5th century. The Western North Atlantic population, along the east coast of North America, went extinct in the 18th century because of whaling. Today, the North Pacific population close to Asia is critically endangered, with fewer than 200 individuals. The North Pacific population along our coast is doing well, with over 20,000 individuals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past summer, a gray whale was \u003ca href=\"http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18883-stray-grey-whale-navigates-the-northwest-passage.html\">spotted in the Mediterranean\u003c/a>—first near Israel, and then near Spain. The Mediterranean may have been a breeding ground for grey whales, before whales in this region died out. It is thought that this lone whale crossed from the Pacific to the Atlantic via the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Passage\">Northwest Passage\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For centuries, the Northwest Passage has been, well, impassable, clogged with sea ice and impossible to navigate. But because of global warming, the sea ice is melting. In the summertime, it is possible for ships to move through the Northwest Passage, opening a \u003ca href=\"http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/09/16/arctic-shipping-gets-boring/\">new trade route through the Arctic\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The opening of the Northwest Passage to trade is controversial; countries debate over who controls this new waterway, and the presence of container ships, with their loud noises and polluting fuels, could adversely affect Arctic wildlife. Ships can do major physical damage to whales, as QUEST blogger David McGuire pointed out in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/20/when-a-sanctuary-is-no-longer-a-sanctuary/\">this blog post\u003c/a>. And engine noise travels far underwater, which can interfere with whale communication. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/wildlife/marine/sonar.asp\">Sonar’s effects on marine mammals\u003c/a> can be even worse. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on gray whales, check out this Jean-Michel Cousteau Ocean Adventures \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMFznXz-Uh4\">video\u003c/a>. And find out where you can see gray whales yourself, with this list of \u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/web-only-articles/whale-resources/\">gray whale resources\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/\">Bay Nature\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It’s gray whale season. As you gaze out across the Pacific, you may see one.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1295891607,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":499},"headData":{"title":"It's Gray Whale Season! | KQED","description":"It’s gray whale season. As you gaze out across the Pacific, you may see one.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"It's Gray Whale Season!","datePublished":"2011-01-24T17:53:27.000Z","dateModified":"2011-01-24T17:53:27.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"11795 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=11795","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/01/24/gray-whale-season/","disqusTitle":"It's Gray Whale Season!","path":"/quest/11795/gray-whale-season","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\"><img src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/big-whale1.jpg\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Gray whale near Pacific Grove. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/tclifton/\">Tom Clifton\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.acsonline.org/factpack/graywhl.htm\">gray whale\u003c/a> season. As you gaze out across the Pacific, you may see one. These whales are gray in color (hence their name), and are dotted with white markings—scars from parasitic barnacles that attached themselves to the whales’ skin, and then fell off. As they dive, you won’t see a dorsal fin—gray whales don’t have them—but you might see a series of bumps that extend from the middle of the back towards the tail. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gray whales we see this time of year are traveling from the Bering and \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chukchi_Sea\">Chukghi\u003c/a> seas, their summer feeding grounds, to Baja, where they mate and give birth to their calves. \u003c!--more-->These are some big babies—they’re about 4.5 meters (15 feet) long and weigh up to 1,500 pounds! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, gray whales had a wide distribution. There were four populations: the Eastern North Pacific population that we see migrating along our coast, a Western North Pacific population along the coast of Asia, and two populations in the North Atlantic. The Eastern North Atlantic population, along the coast of Europe, went extinct in the 5th century. The Western North Atlantic population, along the east coast of North America, went extinct in the 18th century because of whaling. Today, the North Pacific population close to Asia is critically endangered, with fewer than 200 individuals. The North Pacific population along our coast is doing well, with over 20,000 individuals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past summer, a gray whale was \u003ca href=\"http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18883-stray-grey-whale-navigates-the-northwest-passage.html\">spotted in the Mediterranean\u003c/a>—first near Israel, and then near Spain. The Mediterranean may have been a breeding ground for grey whales, before whales in this region died out. It is thought that this lone whale crossed from the Pacific to the Atlantic via the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Passage\">Northwest Passage\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For centuries, the Northwest Passage has been, well, impassable, clogged with sea ice and impossible to navigate. But because of global warming, the sea ice is melting. In the summertime, it is possible for ships to move through the Northwest Passage, opening a \u003ca href=\"http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/09/16/arctic-shipping-gets-boring/\">new trade route through the Arctic\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The opening of the Northwest Passage to trade is controversial; countries debate over who controls this new waterway, and the presence of container ships, with their loud noises and polluting fuels, could adversely affect Arctic wildlife. Ships can do major physical damage to whales, as QUEST blogger David McGuire pointed out in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/20/when-a-sanctuary-is-no-longer-a-sanctuary/\">this blog post\u003c/a>. And engine noise travels far underwater, which can interfere with whale communication. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/wildlife/marine/sonar.asp\">Sonar’s effects on marine mammals\u003c/a> can be even worse. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on gray whales, check out this Jean-Michel Cousteau Ocean Adventures \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMFznXz-Uh4\">video\u003c/a>. And find out where you can see gray whales yourself, with this list of \u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/web-only-articles/whale-resources/\">gray whale resources\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/\">Bay Nature\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/11795/gray-whale-season","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_1255","quest_1743","quest_1818","quest_1819","quest_1820","quest_2007","quest_2726","quest_3142"],"featImg":"quest_11799","label":"quest"},"quest_8450":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_8450","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"8450","score":null,"sort":[1285000387000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"coastal-cleanup-day","title":"Coastal Cleanup Day","publishDate":1285000387,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/RiverTrash2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Trash in the Los Angeles River, en route to the ocean. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic bottles, aluminum cans, plastic knives and forks, tangled fishing line, plastic bags, food wrappers, cigarette butts… all this and more will be collected from California’s beaches this coming Saturday, September 25, on \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd.html\">Coastal Cleanup Day\u003c/a>. On last year’s Coastal Cleanup Day, volunteers collected over 1.4 million pounds of trash from California’s beaches and waterways. That is a mind-blowing amount of trash!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this trash has a devastating effect on ocean life. Sea turtles eat plastic bags, mistaking them for jellyfish. Marine mammals get tangled in abandoned fishing nets. Sea birds are found with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">bellies full of colorful plastic shards\u003c/a>.\u003c!--more--> And, plastics can leach chemicals into ocean water. Bisphenol A, the chemical in hard plastic water bottles, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/03/ocean-bpa/\">has been found in seawater\u003c/a>. Bisphenol A and other chemicals can mimic animals’ hormones and disturb their development. It can also bioaccumulate in fish and shellfish—and could potentially end up on our dinner plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trash that washes up on our beaches is only a tiny fraction of the debris in the ocean. Check out QUEST’s TV Story, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/plastic-in-the-pacific\">Plastic in the Pacific\u003c/a>, to get a sense of the \u003ca href=\"http://sio.ucsd.edu/Expeditions/Seaplex/\">Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. This collection of trash, caught in a gyre in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, is perhaps twice the size of Texas. It isn’t just floating plastic water bottles—it’s also a soup of tiny, confetti-like fragments of plastics that have started to break down, but will never completely disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coastal Cleanup Day is a great opportunity to clean up California’s coasts and prevent this trash from getting swept out to sea. It also sends a message: people care about minimizing the impact of trash on the environment. Last year, over 80,000 people volunteered on Coastal Cleanup Day. To find locations where you can volunteer this Saturday morning, look \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd2.html\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, we need to decrease the amount of trash we produce. In Germany, a policy was put in place in 1991 that made manufacturers and stores responsible for recycling all the packaging material for the products they make and sell. Customers unwrapped their purchases at the checkout stand and left all the wrappers at the store. (My dad tried this at home in Virginia—it didn’t go over so well.) This forced German manufacturers and retailers to create a recycling program to deal with all the trash, and provided a strong incentive to reduce the amount of packaging they used in the first place. A few California cities are off to a good start with localized \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/paper-or-plastic\">bans on plastic bags\u003c/a>. Let’s come up with other ways to ensure that in the coming years, volunteers on Coastal Cleanup Day will have less work to do!\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"zemanta-pixie\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;height: 15px\">\u003ca class=\"zemanta-pixie-a\" title=\"Enhanced by Zemanta\" href=\"http://www.zemanta.com/\">\u003cimg class=\"zemanta-pixie-img\" style=\"border: medium none;float: right\" src=\"http://img.zemanta.com/zemified_e.png?x-id=1ab868f0-26d4-4d0f-b290-3bf2ab55abe8\" alt=\"Enhanced by Zemanta\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Plastic bottles, aluminum cans, plastic knives and forks, tangled fishing line, plastic bags, food wrappers, cigarette butts… all this and more will be collected from California’s beaches this coming Saturday, September 25, on Coastal Cleanup Day.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1285000387,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":491},"headData":{"title":"Coastal Cleanup Day | KQED","description":"Plastic bottles, aluminum cans, plastic knives and forks, tangled fishing line, plastic bags, food wrappers, cigarette butts… all this and more will be collected from California’s beaches this coming Saturday, September 25, on Coastal Cleanup Day.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Coastal Cleanup Day","datePublished":"2010-09-20T16:33:07.000Z","dateModified":"2010-09-20T16:33:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"8450 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=8450","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/09/20/coastal-cleanup-day/","disqusTitle":"Coastal Cleanup Day","path":"/quest/8450/coastal-cleanup-day","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/RiverTrash2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Trash in the Los Angeles River, en route to the ocean. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic bottles, aluminum cans, plastic knives and forks, tangled fishing line, plastic bags, food wrappers, cigarette butts… all this and more will be collected from California’s beaches this coming Saturday, September 25, on \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd.html\">Coastal Cleanup Day\u003c/a>. On last year’s Coastal Cleanup Day, volunteers collected over 1.4 million pounds of trash from California’s beaches and waterways. That is a mind-blowing amount of trash!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this trash has a devastating effect on ocean life. Sea turtles eat plastic bags, mistaking them for jellyfish. Marine mammals get tangled in abandoned fishing nets. Sea birds are found with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">bellies full of colorful plastic shards\u003c/a>.\u003c!--more--> And, plastics can leach chemicals into ocean water. Bisphenol A, the chemical in hard plastic water bottles, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/03/ocean-bpa/\">has been found in seawater\u003c/a>. Bisphenol A and other chemicals can mimic animals’ hormones and disturb their development. It can also bioaccumulate in fish and shellfish—and could potentially end up on our dinner plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trash that washes up on our beaches is only a tiny fraction of the debris in the ocean. Check out QUEST’s TV Story, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/plastic-in-the-pacific\">Plastic in the Pacific\u003c/a>, to get a sense of the \u003ca href=\"http://sio.ucsd.edu/Expeditions/Seaplex/\">Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. This collection of trash, caught in a gyre in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, is perhaps twice the size of Texas. It isn’t just floating plastic water bottles—it’s also a soup of tiny, confetti-like fragments of plastics that have started to break down, but will never completely disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coastal Cleanup Day is a great opportunity to clean up California’s coasts and prevent this trash from getting swept out to sea. It also sends a message: people care about minimizing the impact of trash on the environment. Last year, over 80,000 people volunteered on Coastal Cleanup Day. To find locations where you can volunteer this Saturday morning, look \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd2.html\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, we need to decrease the amount of trash we produce. In Germany, a policy was put in place in 1991 that made manufacturers and stores responsible for recycling all the packaging material for the products they make and sell. Customers unwrapped their purchases at the checkout stand and left all the wrappers at the store. (My dad tried this at home in Virginia—it didn’t go over so well.) This forced German manufacturers and retailers to create a recycling program to deal with all the trash, and provided a strong incentive to reduce the amount of packaging they used in the first place. A few California cities are off to a good start with localized \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/paper-or-plastic\">bans on plastic bags\u003c/a>. Let’s come up with other ways to ensure that in the coming years, volunteers on Coastal Cleanup Day will have less work to do!\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"zemanta-pixie\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;height: 15px\">\u003ca class=\"zemanta-pixie-a\" title=\"Enhanced by Zemanta\" href=\"http://www.zemanta.com/\">\u003cimg class=\"zemanta-pixie-img\" style=\"border: medium none;float: right\" src=\"http://img.zemanta.com/zemified_e.png?x-id=1ab868f0-26d4-4d0f-b290-3bf2ab55abe8\" alt=\"Enhanced by Zemanta\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/8450/coastal-cleanup-day","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_294","quest_618","quest_640","quest_684","quest_13199","quest_1258","quest_1741","quest_1743","quest_13203","quest_2042","quest_2100","quest_2222","quest_2223","quest_2224","quest_2225","quest_2257","quest_2557"],"label":"quest"},"quest_5953":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_5953","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"5953","score":null,"sort":[1274391171000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-skulls-at-cal-academy","title":"Producer's Notes: Skulls at Cal Academy","publishDate":1274391171,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Producer’s Notes: Skulls at Cal Academy | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-skulls-at-the-cal-academy\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/05/ws103_skulls300_blog_new.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Moe Flannery, Collections Manager for Ornithology & Mammalogy at Cal Academy shows us some jaws that didn’t move too well in life.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>If a dead marine mammal washes up on our beaches, from Bodega Bay to Año Nuevo, the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om\">California Academy of Sciences Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy\u003c/a> gets a call. They’ve been part of the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om/mmsn\">Marine Mammal Stranding Network\u003c/a> since 1982, a federal research program run by the National Marine Fisheries Service to investigate strandings, conduct biological monitoring, and coordinate the collection of specimens for study. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QUEST recently went across town to spend the afternoon with Moe Flannery, Collections Manager for Ornithology & Mammalogy at Cal Academy. She invited us over for a bit of sleuthing with some of her favorite skull & bone specimens from the sea. By comparing the skulls of healthy animals to those who met an untimely death, and factoring in evidence from the report and scene of the stranding, Moe can often formulate a story of what may have happened to the animal, as well as surmise larger patterns in it’s population and ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We started with California Sea Lions \u003cem>(Zalophus californianus)\u003c/em>, an abundant pinniped in our Northern California waters. The Cal Academy has over 28,500 mammal specimens in their vast collection, including 3000 California sea lion skulls. Some of the specimens– such as those with injuries (such as shark bites or broken bones) or congenital deformities, certainly pulled at my heartstrings, But, seeing animals that had been killed (or had their death hastened) due to “human interaction” definitely got my hackles up. In our video we take a look at 2 examples of human interaction, but sadly they are not the only two examples in the collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My favorite skull by far was the beastly and beautiful adult male Northern Elephant Seal \u003cem>(Mirounga angustirostris)\u003c/em>. Although they are no slouch with the flesh intact, without such they made the black bear skull on the table look positively puny. At up to 14 feet long and 5,000 pounds in size, they are in fact the largest mammal breeding in the San Francisco Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most fascinating skulls we saw in the Cal Academy collection actually did not make it into our video. At one point during our behind-the-scenes tour, Moe had us help her pull down a heavy, coffin-shaped wooden box. She opened the top to reveal a 5-plus-foot-long skull of an elderly female Killer Whale \u003cem>(Orcinus orca)\u003c/em>. Although associated more with the Northwest, orcas are found off of our shores as well, and every once in a while wash up on the beach. Moe was able to guess at the age in part by looking at the condition of the teeth. The teeth of the lower jaw were worn down to mere nubs, that would have likely been sitting at or below the gum line. Not much use for catching fish. It is surprising that she was able to live that long without a decent bite, but given the high level of social organization in orca pods, perhaps not. Some researchers have observed these whales sharing their catch with each other. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>In this Episode\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In our second episode of Science on the SPOT, join us on a behind-the-scenes trip deep into the massive collection of marine mammal skulls at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. You’d be surprised how much you can learn about an animal’s life– and death– by reading their bones. For your viewing pleasure, we’ve embedded a blog-sized version here. If you’d like to embed it on your blog (pretty please), go to the story page and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-skulls-at-the-cal-academy\">grab the embed code\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\nSo what should you do if you find a marine mammal stranded on the beach? If it is dead, call Moe Flannery & company at 415-379-5381 and they will try to salvage it for research. You can also report your finding via email at \u003ca href=\"mailto:marinemammals@calacademy.org\">marinemammals@calacademy.org\u003c/a>. If it is still alive, please call the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a> at 415-289-SEAL (415-289-7325) – they will come down and try to rescue it. Make sure to note where and when you found the stranded marine mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If a dead marine mammal washes up on our beaches, from Bodega Bay to Año Nuevo, the California Academy of Sciences Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy gets a call.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684975271,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":733},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Skulls at Cal Academy | KQED","description":"If a dead marine mammal washes up on our beaches, from Bodega Bay to Año Nuevo, the California Academy of Sciences Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy gets a call.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes: Skulls at Cal Academy","datePublished":"2010-05-20T21:32:51.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:41:11.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/5953/producers-notes-skulls-at-cal-academy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-skulls-at-the-cal-academy\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/05/ws103_skulls300_blog_new.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Moe Flannery, Collections Manager for Ornithology & Mammalogy at Cal Academy shows us some jaws that didn’t move too well in life.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>If a dead marine mammal washes up on our beaches, from Bodega Bay to Año Nuevo, the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om\">California Academy of Sciences Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy\u003c/a> gets a call. They’ve been part of the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om/mmsn\">Marine Mammal Stranding Network\u003c/a> since 1982, a federal research program run by the National Marine Fisheries Service to investigate strandings, conduct biological monitoring, and coordinate the collection of specimens for study. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QUEST recently went across town to spend the afternoon with Moe Flannery, Collections Manager for Ornithology & Mammalogy at Cal Academy. She invited us over for a bit of sleuthing with some of her favorite skull & bone specimens from the sea. By comparing the skulls of healthy animals to those who met an untimely death, and factoring in evidence from the report and scene of the stranding, Moe can often formulate a story of what may have happened to the animal, as well as surmise larger patterns in it’s population and ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We started with California Sea Lions \u003cem>(Zalophus californianus)\u003c/em>, an abundant pinniped in our Northern California waters. The Cal Academy has over 28,500 mammal specimens in their vast collection, including 3000 California sea lion skulls. Some of the specimens– such as those with injuries (such as shark bites or broken bones) or congenital deformities, certainly pulled at my heartstrings, But, seeing animals that had been killed (or had their death hastened) due to “human interaction” definitely got my hackles up. In our video we take a look at 2 examples of human interaction, but sadly they are not the only two examples in the collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My favorite skull by far was the beastly and beautiful adult male Northern Elephant Seal \u003cem>(Mirounga angustirostris)\u003c/em>. Although they are no slouch with the flesh intact, without such they made the black bear skull on the table look positively puny. At up to 14 feet long and 5,000 pounds in size, they are in fact the largest mammal breeding in the San Francisco Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most fascinating skulls we saw in the Cal Academy collection actually did not make it into our video. At one point during our behind-the-scenes tour, Moe had us help her pull down a heavy, coffin-shaped wooden box. She opened the top to reveal a 5-plus-foot-long skull of an elderly female Killer Whale \u003cem>(Orcinus orca)\u003c/em>. Although associated more with the Northwest, orcas are found off of our shores as well, and every once in a while wash up on the beach. Moe was able to guess at the age in part by looking at the condition of the teeth. The teeth of the lower jaw were worn down to mere nubs, that would have likely been sitting at or below the gum line. Not much use for catching fish. It is surprising that she was able to live that long without a decent bite, but given the high level of social organization in orca pods, perhaps not. Some researchers have observed these whales sharing their catch with each other. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>In this Episode\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In our second episode of Science on the SPOT, join us on a behind-the-scenes trip deep into the massive collection of marine mammal skulls at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. You’d be surprised how much you can learn about an animal’s life– and death– by reading their bones. For your viewing pleasure, we’ve embedded a blog-sized version here. If you’d like to embed it on your blog (pretty please), go to the story page and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-skulls-at-the-cal-academy\">grab the embed code\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\nSo what should you do if you find a marine mammal stranded on the beach? If it is dead, call Moe Flannery & company at 415-379-5381 and they will try to salvage it for research. You can also report your finding via email at \u003ca href=\"mailto:marinemammals@calacademy.org\">marinemammals@calacademy.org\u003c/a>. If it is still alive, please call the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a> at 415-289-SEAL (415-289-7325) – they will come down and try to rescue it. Make sure to note where and when you found the stranded marine mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/5953/producers-notes-skulls-at-cal-academy","authors":["6166"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_363","quest_431","quest_781","quest_1409","quest_3351","quest_1743","quest_2141","quest_2209","quest_2349","quest_2530","quest_2540","quest_2650","quest_9333"],"label":"quest"},"quest_3858":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_3858","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"3858","score":null,"sort":[1255459841000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-the-farallon-islands-californias-galapagos","title":"Producer's Notes: The Farallon Islands—"California's Galapagos"","publishDate":1255459841,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":13211,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Every so often the fog retreats from my neighborhood in San Francisco, moves out to sea and we are blessed with a world-class sunset. Adding to the oranges and reds, yellows and spiraling indigos of the evening sky, it also gives us a special chance to see the silhouette of the strange jagged fist of rock breaking up the crisp line of the horizon. I have gazed out upon the Farallon Islands for years. The archipelago is clearly the wildest part of The City-seemingly always just out of reach. (Many people don’t realize that these little islands are actually part of the City of San Francisco.) Since they are a federally protected wildlife refuge, they’re completely closed to the public. So to get a chance to actually set foot on South Farallon Island was an absolute honor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> We’ve tried to share the experience in as many ways as we can. I encourage everyone to really explore the islands through Quest. In addition to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/the-farallon-islands--californias-galapagos\">television story\u003c/a>, we have a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/journey-to-the-farallones\">radio presentation\u003c/a> with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/07/24/reporters-notes-journey-to-the-farallones/\">reporter’s notes\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/exploration/farallon-islands-interactive-map\">a web exploration with video and stills\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/visit-to-the-farallon-islands--audio-slideshow\">a unique audio slideshow\u003c/a>, an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/web-extra-farallon-islands-history-timeline\">interactive history timeline\u003c/a> (also embedded below) and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/sets/72157621813513811/\">Flickr set\u003c/a>. We’ll also be adding another web-only video story and education guide. The only things we couldn’t bring you are the smell and chill of the wind. But we’ll get on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Farallon Islands History: Interactive Timeline\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"dipity_embed\" style=\"width:600px\">\u003ciframe width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"http://www.dipity.com/kqedquest/Farallon-Islands-History/embed_tl?bgcolor=%23B2D9DD\" style=\"border:1px solid #CCC\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans;font-size:13px;text-align:center\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.dipity.com/kqedquest/Farallon-Islands-History\">Farallon Islands History\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.dipity.com/\">\u003c/a>Dipity. Produced by Dan Gillick. \u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Lying 28 miles off the coast of San Francisco, the jagged silhouette of the Farallon Islands disrupts the clean line of the horizon. This foreboding knot of rocks sits amid one of the most\r\nproductive marine food webs on the planet and hosts the largest seabird breeding colony in the continental United States. QUEST ventures out for a rare visit to learn what life is like on the islands and meet the scientists who call this incredibly wild place home.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457741193,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.dipity.com/kqedquest/Farallon-Islands-History/embed_tl"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":260},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: The Farallon Islands—"California's Galapagos" | KQED","description":"Lying 28 miles off the coast of San Francisco, the jagged silhouette of the Farallon Islands disrupts the clean line of the horizon. This foreboding knot of rocks sits amid one of the most\r\nproductive marine food webs on the planet and hosts the largest seabird breeding colony in the continental United States. QUEST ventures out for a rare visit to learn what life is like on the islands and meet the scientists who call this incredibly wild place home.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes: The Farallon Islands—"California's Galapagos"","datePublished":"2009-10-13T18:50:41.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-12T00:06:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"3858 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=3858","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/10/13/producers-notes-the-farallon-islands-californias-galapagos/","disqusTitle":"Producer's Notes: The Farallon Islands—"California's Galapagos"","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVL_2exHQrg","path":"/quest/3858/producers-notes-the-farallon-islands-californias-galapagos","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every so often the fog retreats from my neighborhood in San Francisco, moves out to sea and we are blessed with a world-class sunset. Adding to the oranges and reds, yellows and spiraling indigos of the evening sky, it also gives us a special chance to see the silhouette of the strange jagged fist of rock breaking up the crisp line of the horizon. I have gazed out upon the Farallon Islands for years. The archipelago is clearly the wildest part of The City-seemingly always just out of reach. (Many people don’t realize that these little islands are actually part of the City of San Francisco.) Since they are a federally protected wildlife refuge, they’re completely closed to the public. So to get a chance to actually set foot on South Farallon Island was an absolute honor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> We’ve tried to share the experience in as many ways as we can. I encourage everyone to really explore the islands through Quest. In addition to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/the-farallon-islands--californias-galapagos\">television story\u003c/a>, we have a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/journey-to-the-farallones\">radio presentation\u003c/a> with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/07/24/reporters-notes-journey-to-the-farallones/\">reporter’s notes\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/exploration/farallon-islands-interactive-map\">a web exploration with video and stills\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/visit-to-the-farallon-islands--audio-slideshow\">a unique audio slideshow\u003c/a>, an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/web-extra-farallon-islands-history-timeline\">interactive history timeline\u003c/a> (also embedded below) and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/sets/72157621813513811/\">Flickr set\u003c/a>. We’ll also be adding another web-only video story and education guide. The only things we couldn’t bring you are the smell and chill of the wind. But we’ll get on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Farallon Islands History: Interactive Timeline\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"dipity_embed\" style=\"width:600px\">\u003ciframe width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"http://www.dipity.com/kqedquest/Farallon-Islands-History/embed_tl?bgcolor=%23B2D9DD\" style=\"border:1px solid #CCC\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans;font-size:13px;text-align:center\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.dipity.com/kqedquest/Farallon-Islands-History\">Farallon Islands History\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.dipity.com/\">\u003c/a>Dipity. Produced by Dan Gillick. \u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/3858/producers-notes-the-farallon-islands-californias-galapagos","authors":["10169"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_224","quest_340","quest_381","quest_439","quest_448","quest_504","quest_663","quest_858","quest_940","quest_961","quest_1069","quest_1070","quest_1161","quest_1260","quest_1662","quest_1743","quest_1746","quest_1936","quest_1974","quest_2019","quest_2104","quest_2147","quest_2202","quest_2262","quest_13","quest_2425","quest_2444","quest_2560","quest_2569","quest_2788","quest_3142"],"collections":["quest_13211"],"label":"quest_13211"},"quest_845":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_845","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"845","score":null,"sort":[1222478561000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-sea-lion-rescue","title":"Reporter's Notes: Sea Lion Rescue","publishDate":1222478561,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-lion-rescue\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/09/necropsy_wide1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For these notes, I thought I'd focus on something that didn't make it into the sea lions radio broadcast: the necropsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tmmc.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a> treats somewhere between 600-1000 animals, including California sea lions, Pacific harbor seals, Northern elephant seals, and steller sea lions. About half of them are treated successfully at the center and released into the Pacific. The other half either die naturally or have to be euthanized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of them end up at the center's hospital after passersby spot the animals on the beach and sense something's wrong. (The Marine Mammal center responds to calls anywhere between Mendocino and San Louis Obispo Counties -- some 600 miles of coastline.) Some problems are human-caused, like boat-propeller injuries or ingested fishing nets and hooks. Other times, it's cancer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/080609103232.htm\" target=\"_blank\">domoic acid poisoning\u003c/a>, or increasingly these days, \u003ca href=\"http://www.tmmc.org/what_we_do/rehab/clin_med/bacterial.asp\" target=\"_blank\">leptospirosis\u003c/a>. Sometimes, it's hard to tell exactly what happened -- hence the need for necropsies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day that Quest intern Jennifer Skene and I visited the center, veterinarian Nicola Pussini performed two necropsies, both on sea lions. One animal seemed to have died from a tumor underneath his fin; the other was a suspected domoic acid intoxication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-lion-rescue\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/09/first-slice1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each necropsy takes about an hour and a half. First Pussini measures the animal, then he slices it open and inspects every part, from tongue to tail. He inspects the teeth, pulls out all the organs, checks to see how much fat the animal has. The data, along with tissue samples, are archived and shared with other research institutions. This is the kind of basic research that Marine Mammal Center staff cite when people ask why they devote so many resources (most of it from private donations) to animals whose populations are neither threatened nor endangered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I should mention that I didn't exactly see this entire process firsthand. Let's just say that after my first strong whiff of sea lion intestine, I felt a compelling need to go check on things outside the necropsy room. Luckily for me, Jennifer has the stomach of a true scientist and managed to both hold the microphone and take photos. Luckily for you, we’re sparing you her gorier shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-lion-rescue\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Watch the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-lion-rescue\">Sea Lion Rescue\u003c/a> audio slide show online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8345 -122.532\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For these notes, I thought I'd focus on something that didn't make it into the sea lions radio broadcast: the necropsy.\r\n\r\nEach year the Marine Mammal Center treats somewhere between 600-1000 animals, including California sea lions, Pacific harbor seals, Northern elephant seals, and steller sea lions. About half of them are treated successfully at the center and released into the Pacific. The other half either die naturally or have to be euthanized.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371079650,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":387},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: Sea Lion Rescue | KQED","description":"For these notes, I thought I'd focus on something that didn't make it into the sea lions radio broadcast: the necropsy.\r\n\r\nEach year the Marine Mammal Center treats somewhere between 600-1000 animals, including California sea lions, Pacific harbor seals, Northern elephant seals, and steller sea lions. About half of them are treated successfully at the center and released into the Pacific. The other half either die naturally or have to be euthanized.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Reporter's Notes: Sea Lion Rescue","datePublished":"2008-09-27T01:22:41.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T23:27:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"845 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=845","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/09/26/reporters-notes-sea-lion-rescue/","disqusTitle":"Reporter's Notes: Sea Lion Rescue","path":"/quest/845/reporters-notes-sea-lion-rescue","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-lion-rescue\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/09/necropsy_wide1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For these notes, I thought I'd focus on something that didn't make it into the sea lions radio broadcast: the necropsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tmmc.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a> treats somewhere between 600-1000 animals, including California sea lions, Pacific harbor seals, Northern elephant seals, and steller sea lions. About half of them are treated successfully at the center and released into the Pacific. The other half either die naturally or have to be euthanized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of them end up at the center's hospital after passersby spot the animals on the beach and sense something's wrong. (The Marine Mammal center responds to calls anywhere between Mendocino and San Louis Obispo Counties -- some 600 miles of coastline.) Some problems are human-caused, like boat-propeller injuries or ingested fishing nets and hooks. Other times, it's cancer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/080609103232.htm\" target=\"_blank\">domoic acid poisoning\u003c/a>, or increasingly these days, \u003ca href=\"http://www.tmmc.org/what_we_do/rehab/clin_med/bacterial.asp\" target=\"_blank\">leptospirosis\u003c/a>. Sometimes, it's hard to tell exactly what happened -- hence the need for necropsies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day that Quest intern Jennifer Skene and I visited the center, veterinarian Nicola Pussini performed two necropsies, both on sea lions. One animal seemed to have died from a tumor underneath his fin; the other was a suspected domoic acid intoxication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-lion-rescue\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/09/first-slice1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each necropsy takes about an hour and a half. First Pussini measures the animal, then he slices it open and inspects every part, from tongue to tail. He inspects the teeth, pulls out all the organs, checks to see how much fat the animal has. The data, along with tissue samples, are archived and shared with other research institutions. This is the kind of basic research that Marine Mammal Center staff cite when people ask why they devote so many resources (most of it from private donations) to animals whose populations are neither threatened nor endangered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I should mention that I didn't exactly see this entire process firsthand. Let's just say that after my first strong whiff of sea lion intestine, I felt a compelling need to go check on things outside the necropsy room. Luckily for me, Jennifer has the stomach of a true scientist and managed to both hold the microphone and take photos. Luckily for you, we’re sparing you her gorier shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-lion-rescue\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Watch the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-lion-rescue\">Sea Lion Rescue\u003c/a> audio slide show online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8345 -122.532\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/845/reporters-notes-sea-lion-rescue","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_169","quest_252","quest_13193","quest_13198","quest_1586","quest_1743","quest_2034","quest_13206","quest_2560"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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