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She has worked on documentary and factual programs for PBS (NOVA and NATURE), National Geographic, Discovery, and Animal Planet. She has also been involved with working and volunteering for local Animal Rescue organizations. She loves her new home with QUEST, letting her combine her love of animals and nature with her science-nerd tendencies. 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Memory is stored magnetically in the pattern of dark and light patches.\u003ca rel=\"cc:attributionURL\" href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NanoScanHrMFMWD3200BEVT.JPG\">Image from Wikimedia Commons. \u003c/a> / \u003ca rel=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en%20/\"> CC Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel once wrote, “You have to begin to lose your memory, if only in bits and pieces, to realize that memory is what makes our lives. Life without memory is no life at all.” The same might be said (albeit with less existential fanfare) of memory in the world of computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the form of bigger hard drives, computer memory has revolutionized our ability to store everything from research articles, to Hollywood films, to cookbooks. Historically these devices have been enabled through the clever manipulation of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Magnetism/magnetismintro.htm\">magnetism\u003c/a>. However, recent advances at UC Berkeley and elsewhere in the development of exciting materials known as multiferroics may be changing that recipe for success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inside of a modern hard drive works by almost exactly the same principles that kitchen magnets exploit when holding a wedding invitation to your fridge. A material with such magnetic (or more technically, \u003cstrong>ferromagnetic\u003c/strong>) properties such as a kitchen magnet is extremely useful because of its directionality. If you place two magnets together head-to-tail they attract, whereas if you flip the top magnet and repeat the process they push each other apart. A computer essentially writes and reads information by flipping little magnetic patches up or down and measuring what happens to another magnet placed on top of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a major difference, however, between the individual size of a magnet on your hard drive and a kitchen magnet. Each computerized bit on a hard drive may be 10 billion times smaller than the size of your thumbnail in area (see the figure above). It is precisely the smallness of these details that enable a computer to remember so much information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, however, scientists have been playing around with more exotic forms of data storage. It turns out that some very specialized materials are not only like to be magnetically ordered, but are also naturally \u003ca href=\"http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Electricity/electriccharge.htm\">charged\u003c/a>. That is to say, one side of the material likes to accumulate more \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron\">electrons\u003c/a> than the other side. Charging is a common enough effect in nature. When you rub a balloon against your hair you pull electrons from your hair onto the balloon. The subsequent tingling effect is a direct result of this charging. Thunderclouds exhibit charging when they accumulate massive amounts of electrons at their bases. When the energy is finally released it can result in spectacular shows of \u003ca href=\"http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/lightning-interactive/\">lightning\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When charging occurs naturally in a material, scientists say that the material is \u003cstrong>ferroelectric\u003c/strong>. A material that is both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic (or in cases, a variation called antiferromagnetic) is said to be \u003cstrong>multiferroic\u003c/strong>. If properly exploited, these extra properties may be quite useful in technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An experiment published last Sunday in the \u003cem>Nature Materials \u003c/em>by researchers at UC Berkeley showed that electric voltages applied to the multiferroic bismuth ferrite could be used to directly manipulate a nearby material’s magnetic properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephen Wu, the paper’s lead author, explained that this could be an incredible step forward for technology. While people have been able to control magnetism using electricity before, never have they been able to do it in a way that requires no power, and never before have they been able to switch the direction of this magnetism so quickly. Such a development both saves energy and battery life, but also reduces the amount of heat within a system, thereby making it scalable. “You can make a lot of it, it’s static, and you can do it really fast,” said Wu, elaborating that if you could get such a system to work at room temperature, this magic combination of features could revolutionize the computing industry. In some of the most imaginative visions of the future, computers may not even be based on semiconductors or silicon at all, but rather on these new multiferroics and related compounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley may need to consider a name change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8778 -122.243\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In recent years, scientists have been playing around with more exotic forms of data storage. It turns out that some very specialized materials are not only like to be magnetically ordered, but are also naturally charged.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1316925439,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":693},"headData":{"title":"Computer Memory Poised to Get Shock Therapy? | KQED","description":"In recent years, scientists have been playing around with more exotic forms of data storage. It turns out that some very specialized materials are not only like to be magnetically ordered, but are also naturally charged.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Computer Memory Poised to Get Shock Therapy?","datePublished":"2010-07-29T17:00:54.000Z","dateModified":"2011-09-25T04:37:19.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"6859 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2010/07/29/computer-memory-poised-to-get-shock-therapy/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/07/29/computer-memory-poised-to-get-shock-therapy/","disqusTitle":"Computer Memory Poised to Get Shock Therapy?","path":"/quest/6859/computer-memory-poised-to-get-shock-therapy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/nano300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A hard drive surface as viewed using an electron microscope. Memory is stored magnetically in the pattern of dark and light patches.\u003ca rel=\"cc:attributionURL\" href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NanoScanHrMFMWD3200BEVT.JPG\">Image from Wikimedia Commons. \u003c/a> / \u003ca rel=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en%20/\"> CC Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel once wrote, “You have to begin to lose your memory, if only in bits and pieces, to realize that memory is what makes our lives. Life without memory is no life at all.” The same might be said (albeit with less existential fanfare) of memory in the world of computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the form of bigger hard drives, computer memory has revolutionized our ability to store everything from research articles, to Hollywood films, to cookbooks. Historically these devices have been enabled through the clever manipulation of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Magnetism/magnetismintro.htm\">magnetism\u003c/a>. However, recent advances at UC Berkeley and elsewhere in the development of exciting materials known as multiferroics may be changing that recipe for success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inside of a modern hard drive works by almost exactly the same principles that kitchen magnets exploit when holding a wedding invitation to your fridge. A material with such magnetic (or more technically, \u003cstrong>ferromagnetic\u003c/strong>) properties such as a kitchen magnet is extremely useful because of its directionality. If you place two magnets together head-to-tail they attract, whereas if you flip the top magnet and repeat the process they push each other apart. A computer essentially writes and reads information by flipping little magnetic patches up or down and measuring what happens to another magnet placed on top of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a major difference, however, between the individual size of a magnet on your hard drive and a kitchen magnet. Each computerized bit on a hard drive may be 10 billion times smaller than the size of your thumbnail in area (see the figure above). It is precisely the smallness of these details that enable a computer to remember so much information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, however, scientists have been playing around with more exotic forms of data storage. It turns out that some very specialized materials are not only like to be magnetically ordered, but are also naturally \u003ca href=\"http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Electricity/electriccharge.htm\">charged\u003c/a>. That is to say, one side of the material likes to accumulate more \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron\">electrons\u003c/a> than the other side. Charging is a common enough effect in nature. When you rub a balloon against your hair you pull electrons from your hair onto the balloon. The subsequent tingling effect is a direct result of this charging. Thunderclouds exhibit charging when they accumulate massive amounts of electrons at their bases. When the energy is finally released it can result in spectacular shows of \u003ca href=\"http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/lightning-interactive/\">lightning\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When charging occurs naturally in a material, scientists say that the material is \u003cstrong>ferroelectric\u003c/strong>. A material that is both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic (or in cases, a variation called antiferromagnetic) is said to be \u003cstrong>multiferroic\u003c/strong>. If properly exploited, these extra properties may be quite useful in technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An experiment published last Sunday in the \u003cem>Nature Materials \u003c/em>by researchers at UC Berkeley showed that electric voltages applied to the multiferroic bismuth ferrite could be used to directly manipulate a nearby material’s magnetic properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephen Wu, the paper’s lead author, explained that this could be an incredible step forward for technology. While people have been able to control magnetism using electricity before, never have they been able to do it in a way that requires no power, and never before have they been able to switch the direction of this magnetism so quickly. Such a development both saves energy and battery life, but also reduces the amount of heat within a system, thereby making it scalable. “You can make a lot of it, it’s static, and you can do it really fast,” said Wu, elaborating that if you could get such a system to work at room temperature, this magic combination of features could revolutionize the computing industry. In some of the most imaginative visions of the future, computers may not even be based on semiconductors or silicon at all, but rather on these new multiferroics and related compounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley may need to consider a name change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8778 -122.243\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/6859/computer-memory-poised-to-get-shock-therapy","authors":["10205"],"categories":["quest_8"],"tags":["quest_676","quest_954","quest_959","quest_13199","quest_1086","quest_1087","quest_1313","quest_1712","quest_1716","quest_1788","quest_1892"],"label":"quest"},"quest_17525":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17525","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17525","score":null,"sort":[1274236200000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"journey-into-the-sun","title":"Journey Into The Sun","publishDate":1274236200,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Scientists at Stanford University and Lockheed Martin are playing pivotal roles in a nearly billion-dollar NASA mission to explore the sun. A spacecraft launched in early 2010 is obtaining IMAX-like images of the sun every second of the day, generating more data than any NASA mission in history. The data will allow researchers to learn about solar storms and other phenomena that can cause blackouts and harm astronauts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Visit these links to learn more about the sun:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/05/18/quest-quiz-the-sun/\" target=\"_blank\">QUEST Quiz: The Sun\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/05/18/web-extra-music-of-the-sun/\" target=\"_blank\">Web Extra: Music of the Sun\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/05/18/producers-notes-journey-into-the-sun/\" target=\"_blank\">Producer's Notes\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Scientists at Stanford University and Lockheed Martin are playing pivotal roles in a nearly billion-dollar NASA mission to explore the sun. A spacecraft launched in early 2010 is obtaining IMAX-like images of the sun every second of the day, generating more data than any NASA mission in history.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457712860,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":94},"headData":{"title":"Journey Into The Sun | KQED","description":"Scientists at Stanford University and Lockheed Martin are playing pivotal roles in a nearly billion-dollar NASA mission to explore the sun. A spacecraft launched in early 2010 is obtaining IMAX-like images of the sun every second of the day, generating more data than any NASA mission in history.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Journey Into The Sun","datePublished":"2010-05-19T02:30:00.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-11T16:14:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"17525 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/journey-into-the-sun/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/05/18/journey-into-the-sun/","disqusTitle":"Journey Into The Sun","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqKFQ7z0Nuk","path":"/quest/17525/journey-into-the-sun","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists at Stanford University and Lockheed Martin are playing pivotal roles in a nearly billion-dollar NASA mission to explore the sun. A spacecraft launched in early 2010 is obtaining IMAX-like images of the sun every second of the day, generating more data than any NASA mission in history. The data will allow researchers to learn about solar storms and other phenomena that can cause blackouts and harm astronauts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Visit these links to learn more about the sun:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/05/18/quest-quiz-the-sun/\" target=\"_blank\">QUEST Quiz: The Sun\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/05/18/web-extra-music-of-the-sun/\" target=\"_blank\">Web Extra: Music of the Sun\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/05/18/producers-notes-journey-into-the-sun/\" target=\"_blank\">Producer's Notes\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17525/journey-into-the-sun","authors":["6176","10206"],"categories":["quest_3","quest_5","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_13192","quest_3351","quest_1716","quest_1918","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2361","quest_2693","quest_2717","quest_2741","quest_2827","quest_2893"],"label":"quest"},"quest_5392":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_5392","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"5392","score":null,"sort":[1269624488000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sun-earth-day-magnetic-magic","title":"Sun-Earth Day: Magnetic Magic","publishDate":1269624488,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/03/magnet_iron_filings.jpg\">\u003cem>Iron filings reveal the pattern of a magnet's invisible force field.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Saturday, March 20th, was not only Vernal Equinox, but the annual \u003ca href=\"http://sunearthday.nasa.gov/2010/index.php\">Sun-Earth Day\u003c/a>: a NASA-promoted effort around the country to focus attention on the special connections between the Sun and the Earth. This year's theme: Magnetic Storms!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That gave me a lot to work with—Sun-Earth Day usually does, but the more opportunity to create hands-on experiences for our visitors, the better, and when it comes to curious natural phenomena, magnetism is a fertile subject for all sorts of seemingly magical fun. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, I turned Chabot's Chemistry/Physics classroom into a public magnetism laboratory, giving visitors a chance to learn, or relearn, some of the basics of magnets, as well as to connect the tabletop experiments to phenomena that take place on enormous scales on the Sun and the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First was \u003cem>magnetic polarity\u003c/em>: playing with a set of magnets, visitors got a feel for the behavior of magnetic poles—N and S—and how opposite poles attract and like poles repel. (It's always fun to feel the pull of attraction between two magnets, but there's something extraordinary about feeling the push of repulsion—your mind just expects to see little bumpers on the magnets, but there's seemingly nothing there!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.spaceweathercenter.org/our_protective_shield/01/01.html\">Earth itself is a giant magnet\u003c/a>, as most of us know—but what many of the adults found surprising and intriguing is the polarity of Earth's magnetic field. Using small magnetic compasses, we sought out the Earth's magnetic poles: north and south. By taking careful notice of which type of magnetic pole the compass needle ends pointed to, the fact that the magnetic pole of the Earth up near the geographic north pole is a south—or 'S'—magnetic pole was revealed! This is why in physics we are often careful to refer to magnetic poles as 'S' and 'N', not south and north, to avoid confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At another station, visitors made their own compasses by magnetizing an iron nail stuck through a Styrofoam packing peanut and floating it in a bowl of water. Darned if that floating nail didn't stubbornly turn to point in the same direction, no matter what direction we tried to turn it!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Station 3 was about mapping the invisible magnetic force field surrounding various magnets. Human eyes cannot see magnetic fields—but they are there and have an influence. I had constructed magnetic field mapping devices for this purpose: used CD jewel cases, with paper labeling removed, filled with a sprinkling of iron filings. When shaken gently back and forth—as if panning for gold—the iron filings align and connect in gritty little strings and conform to the pattern of the magnetic field. The strong field converging at the two poles of a magnet were boldly evident, but also to be seen were the more tenuous curls of field lines arcing through the space around the magnet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patterns formed by the filings were very similar to the patterns seen in \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hinode/solar_022.html\">images of sunspots \u003c/a>we compared them to. On the Sun, it is not iron filings that \u003ca href=\"http://www.solarviews.com/eng/hinode.htm\">trace the invisible magnetic fields\u003c/a> for us to see, but hot, electrically charged gas, or plasma (mostly hydrogen and helium, but also traces of calcium, iron, and other elements). Electric charges (electrons and ionized atomic nuclei) are \u003ca href=\"http://www.spaceweathercenter.org/amazing_plasmas/01/magnetobowling.html\">strongly affected by magnetic\u003c/a> fields when they move through them. Numerous \u003ca href=\"http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/data/realtime-images.html\">ultraviolet images\u003c/a> of the Sun were available on computer screens around the lab for visitors to compare the magnetic patterns and shapes to. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We had more: building an electromagnet from wire, an iron nail, and a battery. This demonstrates how magnetic fields are created by moving electric charge—in the electrically conductive wire of the electromagnet, in the circulation of electrical current inside the Earth's iron core, and in the motions of plasma on the Sun. It's all moving electricity, friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also conducted \"Magnetic Yacht Races\": pushing, via the repulsion of like poles, a floating, magnetized 'yacht' across a pond of water. The challenge of steering and propelling the yachts led to some interesting yacht designs; certain configurations of packing peanuts and iron nails proved easier to maneuver and accelerate than others. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Happy Sun Earth Day 2010! I wonder what we'll be doing next year….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Saturday, March 20th, was not only Vernal Equinox, but the annual Sun-Earth Day: a NASA-promoted effort around the country to focus attention on the special connections between the Sun and the Earth. This year's theme: magnetism!","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371077269,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":743},"headData":{"title":"Sun-Earth Day: Magnetic Magic | KQED","description":"Saturday, March 20th, was not only Vernal Equinox, but the annual Sun-Earth Day: a NASA-promoted effort around the country to focus attention on the special connections between the Sun and the Earth. This year's theme: magnetism!","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Sun-Earth Day: Magnetic Magic","datePublished":"2010-03-26T17:28:08.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T22:47:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"5392 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=5392","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/03/26/sun-earth-day-magnetic-magic/","disqusTitle":"Sun-Earth Day: Magnetic Magic","path":"/quest/5392/sun-earth-day-magnetic-magic","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/03/magnet_iron_filings.jpg\">\u003cem>Iron filings reveal the pattern of a magnet's invisible force field.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Saturday, March 20th, was not only Vernal Equinox, but the annual \u003ca href=\"http://sunearthday.nasa.gov/2010/index.php\">Sun-Earth Day\u003c/a>: a NASA-promoted effort around the country to focus attention on the special connections between the Sun and the Earth. This year's theme: Magnetic Storms!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That gave me a lot to work with—Sun-Earth Day usually does, but the more opportunity to create hands-on experiences for our visitors, the better, and when it comes to curious natural phenomena, magnetism is a fertile subject for all sorts of seemingly magical fun. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, I turned Chabot's Chemistry/Physics classroom into a public magnetism laboratory, giving visitors a chance to learn, or relearn, some of the basics of magnets, as well as to connect the tabletop experiments to phenomena that take place on enormous scales on the Sun and the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First was \u003cem>magnetic polarity\u003c/em>: playing with a set of magnets, visitors got a feel for the behavior of magnetic poles—N and S—and how opposite poles attract and like poles repel. (It's always fun to feel the pull of attraction between two magnets, but there's something extraordinary about feeling the push of repulsion—your mind just expects to see little bumpers on the magnets, but there's seemingly nothing there!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.spaceweathercenter.org/our_protective_shield/01/01.html\">Earth itself is a giant magnet\u003c/a>, as most of us know—but what many of the adults found surprising and intriguing is the polarity of Earth's magnetic field. Using small magnetic compasses, we sought out the Earth's magnetic poles: north and south. By taking careful notice of which type of magnetic pole the compass needle ends pointed to, the fact that the magnetic pole of the Earth up near the geographic north pole is a south—or 'S'—magnetic pole was revealed! This is why in physics we are often careful to refer to magnetic poles as 'S' and 'N', not south and north, to avoid confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At another station, visitors made their own compasses by magnetizing an iron nail stuck through a Styrofoam packing peanut and floating it in a bowl of water. Darned if that floating nail didn't stubbornly turn to point in the same direction, no matter what direction we tried to turn it!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Station 3 was about mapping the invisible magnetic force field surrounding various magnets. Human eyes cannot see magnetic fields—but they are there and have an influence. I had constructed magnetic field mapping devices for this purpose: used CD jewel cases, with paper labeling removed, filled with a sprinkling of iron filings. When shaken gently back and forth—as if panning for gold—the iron filings align and connect in gritty little strings and conform to the pattern of the magnetic field. The strong field converging at the two poles of a magnet were boldly evident, but also to be seen were the more tenuous curls of field lines arcing through the space around the magnet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patterns formed by the filings were very similar to the patterns seen in \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hinode/solar_022.html\">images of sunspots \u003c/a>we compared them to. On the Sun, it is not iron filings that \u003ca href=\"http://www.solarviews.com/eng/hinode.htm\">trace the invisible magnetic fields\u003c/a> for us to see, but hot, electrically charged gas, or plasma (mostly hydrogen and helium, but also traces of calcium, iron, and other elements). Electric charges (electrons and ionized atomic nuclei) are \u003ca href=\"http://www.spaceweathercenter.org/amazing_plasmas/01/magnetobowling.html\">strongly affected by magnetic\u003c/a> fields when they move through them. Numerous \u003ca href=\"http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/data/realtime-images.html\">ultraviolet images\u003c/a> of the Sun were available on computer screens around the lab for visitors to compare the magnetic patterns and shapes to. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We had more: building an electromagnet from wire, an iron nail, and a battery. This demonstrates how magnetic fields are created by moving electric charge—in the electrically conductive wire of the electromagnet, in the circulation of electrical current inside the Earth's iron core, and in the motions of plasma on the Sun. It's all moving electricity, friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also conducted \"Magnetic Yacht Races\": pushing, via the repulsion of like poles, a floating, magnetized 'yacht' across a pond of water. The challenge of steering and propelling the yachts led to some interesting yacht designs; certain configurations of packing peanuts and iron nails proved easier to maneuver and accelerate than others. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Happy Sun Earth Day 2010! I wonder what we'll be doing next year….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/5392/sun-earth-day-magnetic-magic","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3","quest_16"],"tags":["quest_674","quest_902","quest_955","quest_1712","quest_1716","quest_1718","quest_1918","quest_2221","quest_2827"],"label":"quest"},"quest_426":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_426","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"426","score":null,"sort":[1203111296000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nap-time-for-the-sun-solar-cycles","title":"Nap time for the Sun: solar cycles","publishDate":1203111296,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/02/blog_hinode_sun.jpg\">\u003cem>Extreme close-up of the Sun's visible surface,\u003cbr>\nshowing 'bubbling' cells of convecting gas--each the size of\u003cbr>\nNorthern California. credit: Hinode JAXA/NASA/PPARC\u003c/em>\u003c/span>By all accounts, a new cycle-\u003ca href=\"http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2008/10jan_solarcycle24.htm\">Cycle 24\u003c/a>-in solar activity has begun... something you probably didn't notice since the beginning of a solar cycle is quite subtle....\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First things first: what is a solar cycle, and why is this one number 24? You've probably heard of sunspots and solar flares and disturbances in radio communications caused by solar activity, but had you noticed NOT hearing much about these things in the last two or three years?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sun exhibits a \u003ca href=\"http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SunspotCycle.shtml\">cyclic rise and fall in its level of magnetic activity\u003c/a>. Being an enormous ball of roiling, circulating plasma (electrically charged gas), the \u003ca href=\"http://bizarrelabs.com/mag.htm\">Sun generates powerful magnetic fields\u003c/a> in a way similar to how the circulating electricity in an electromagnet creates one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of a solar cycle, the intensity and amount of magnetism generated by the Sun increases, like soup warming up on the stove, reaching a violent climax in which twisting, tangling magnetic fields break loose and release their energy in the form of \u003ca href=\"http://hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov/sftheory/flare.htm\">solar flare explosions\u003c/a>, coronal mass ejections, and tremendous heating of the solar atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/sun/sunspots.html\">Sunspots\u003c/a> are surface features formed by the presence of strong magnetic fields, and in general the number of sunspots that can be seen and counted indicate the level of magnetic activity on the Sun. For 400 years, since Galileo first started counting sunspots through his telescope, observers have kept track of sunspot counts, and over time a pattern in their number emerged. On average, the number of sunspot activity peaks every 11 years at a time called solar maximum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I remember when I first started working at Chabot Space & Science Center, back in 1999/2000, during the last solar maximum. Using our Sunspotter telescopes on public observing days, in teacher workshops, and in my solar summer camp, we could easily count many sunspots-sometimes as many as 20 or more! Those were the days!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past two or three summers, however, it's a lucky week to spot just a single sunspot! Most of the time, the Sun's face has been a bland disk with few discernible surface features.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That status quo should start to change, now that we have allegedly reached solar minimum and are stepping onto the uphill slope toward the next maximum, which should happen sometime around 2011 or 2012. If you want to keep tabs on the rising solar activity, and you like lots of graphs and numbers and stuff like that, check out the \u003ca href=\"http://www.solarcycle24.com/\">Solar Cycle 24 website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, why is this Cycle 24? A 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Century astronomer who studied the then newly discovered sunspot cycle, Rudolf Wolf, established the cycle that spanned 1755 to 1766 as Cycle 1...and they've been counting up ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even in this \"nap time\" of the Sun, today's modern solar observatories and spacecraft, with their arrays of high-tech cameras and sensors, see plenty on the Sun to keep them busy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Japan's \u003cem>Hinode\u003c/em> spacecraft, launched in 2006, has returned libraries of \u003ca href=\"http://sot.lmsal.com/pod?cmd=view-gallery\">amazing pictures and movies of solar flares, activity around sunspots, circulating hot gases\u003c/a>, fine details of the life and times of magnetic fields...and all of this during solar minimum! I can't wait until the Sun really gets going and Hinode becomes like a camera-happy tourist in Tahiti....\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_benb.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Benjamin Burress\u003c/strong> is a staff astronomer at The \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org\">Chabot Space & Science Center\u003c/a> in Oakland, CA.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371081098,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":595},"headData":{"title":"Nap time for the Sun: solar cycles | KQED","description":"Extreme close-up of the Sun's visible surface, showing 'bubbling' cells of convecting gas--each the size of Northern California. credit: Hinode JAXA/NASA/PPARCBy all accounts, a new cycle-Cycle 24-in solar activity has begun... something you probably didn't notice since the beginning of a solar cycle is quite subtle.... First things first: what is a solar cycle, and","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Nap time for the Sun: solar cycles","datePublished":"2008-02-15T21:34:56.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T23:51:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"426 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2008/02/15/nap-time-for-the-sun-solar-cycles/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/02/15/nap-time-for-the-sun-solar-cycles/","disqusTitle":"Nap time for the Sun: solar cycles","path":"/quest/426/nap-time-for-the-sun-solar-cycles","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/02/blog_hinode_sun.jpg\">\u003cem>Extreme close-up of the Sun's visible surface,\u003cbr>\nshowing 'bubbling' cells of convecting gas--each the size of\u003cbr>\nNorthern California. credit: Hinode JAXA/NASA/PPARC\u003c/em>\u003c/span>By all accounts, a new cycle-\u003ca href=\"http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2008/10jan_solarcycle24.htm\">Cycle 24\u003c/a>-in solar activity has begun... something you probably didn't notice since the beginning of a solar cycle is quite subtle....\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First things first: what is a solar cycle, and why is this one number 24? You've probably heard of sunspots and solar flares and disturbances in radio communications caused by solar activity, but had you noticed NOT hearing much about these things in the last two or three years?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sun exhibits a \u003ca href=\"http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SunspotCycle.shtml\">cyclic rise and fall in its level of magnetic activity\u003c/a>. Being an enormous ball of roiling, circulating plasma (electrically charged gas), the \u003ca href=\"http://bizarrelabs.com/mag.htm\">Sun generates powerful magnetic fields\u003c/a> in a way similar to how the circulating electricity in an electromagnet creates one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of a solar cycle, the intensity and amount of magnetism generated by the Sun increases, like soup warming up on the stove, reaching a violent climax in which twisting, tangling magnetic fields break loose and release their energy in the form of \u003ca href=\"http://hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov/sftheory/flare.htm\">solar flare explosions\u003c/a>, coronal mass ejections, and tremendous heating of the solar atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/sun/sunspots.html\">Sunspots\u003c/a> are surface features formed by the presence of strong magnetic fields, and in general the number of sunspots that can be seen and counted indicate the level of magnetic activity on the Sun. For 400 years, since Galileo first started counting sunspots through his telescope, observers have kept track of sunspot counts, and over time a pattern in their number emerged. On average, the number of sunspot activity peaks every 11 years at a time called solar maximum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I remember when I first started working at Chabot Space & Science Center, back in 1999/2000, during the last solar maximum. Using our Sunspotter telescopes on public observing days, in teacher workshops, and in my solar summer camp, we could easily count many sunspots-sometimes as many as 20 or more! Those were the days!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past two or three summers, however, it's a lucky week to spot just a single sunspot! Most of the time, the Sun's face has been a bland disk with few discernible surface features.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That status quo should start to change, now that we have allegedly reached solar minimum and are stepping onto the uphill slope toward the next maximum, which should happen sometime around 2011 or 2012. If you want to keep tabs on the rising solar activity, and you like lots of graphs and numbers and stuff like that, check out the \u003ca href=\"http://www.solarcycle24.com/\">Solar Cycle 24 website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, why is this Cycle 24? A 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Century astronomer who studied the then newly discovered sunspot cycle, Rudolf Wolf, established the cycle that spanned 1755 to 1766 as Cycle 1...and they've been counting up ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even in this \"nap time\" of the Sun, today's modern solar observatories and spacecraft, with their arrays of high-tech cameras and sensors, see plenty on the Sun to keep them busy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Japan's \u003cem>Hinode\u003c/em> spacecraft, launched in 2006, has returned libraries of \u003ca href=\"http://sot.lmsal.com/pod?cmd=view-gallery\">amazing pictures and movies of solar flares, activity around sunspots, circulating hot gases\u003c/a>, fine details of the life and times of magnetic fields...and all of this during solar minimum! I can't wait until the Sun really gets going and Hinode becomes like a camera-happy tourist in Tahiti....\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_benb.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Benjamin Burress\u003c/strong> is a staff astronomer at The \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org\">Chabot Space & Science Center\u003c/a> in Oakland, CA.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/426/nap-time-for-the-sun-solar-cycles","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3","quest_16"],"tags":["quest_13192","quest_543","quest_635","quest_749","quest_956","quest_1164","quest_1372","quest_3351","quest_1586","quest_1716","quest_1918","quest_2141","quest_2462","quest_2530","quest_2703","quest_2827","quest_2832","quest_2891"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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