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Leland Stanford himself, former California governor and race horse owner, had hired the photographer simply to satisfy his curiosity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35148\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/10/cinematic-science-from-the-farm-to-france/the_horse_in_motion/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35148\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/The_Horse_in_Motion.jpg\" alt=\"The Horse in Motion - Eadward Muybridge\" title=\"The_Horse_in_Motion\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35148\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/The_Horse_in_Motion.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/The_Horse_in_Motion-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yep, all four feet off the ground. You're welcome, Mr. Stanford!\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Muybridge had bigger ideas. He created a device called the \u003cem>zoopraxiscope\u003c/em> that projected still images from a spinning disc, creating the illusion of motion. (I'm disappointed that history nixed \"zoopraxiscope\" in favor of \"film projector.\" BORING.) In 1880, Muybridge presented a public screening of his running horse that was probably the world's first movie, though no one called it that at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Muybridge's remarkable contributions to film often overshadow his instrumental role in kickstarting the science of biomechanics. He was fascinated with locomotion, and moved on from horses to study a variety of other animals. The field has blossomed since Muybridge's time: modern high-speed cameras can record \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/11/dry-hummingbirds/\" title=\"Wired - How Hummingbirds Stay Dry\">hummingbird wings\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oberlin.edu/news-info/05may/expflower.html\" title=\"Oberlin College - World's Fastest Flower\">world's fastest flower\u003c/a> (!). I've even used high-speed video combined with a microscope to study the locomotion of baby squid--which brings us to the next curious character in this tale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As anyone who's seen \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0970179/\" title=\"Hugo (IMBD)\">\u003cem>Hugo\u003c/em>\u003c/a> knows, the French picked up where Muybridge left off and began to make all kinds of marvelous films. You may have heard of the Lumière brothers (\u003cem>The Arrival of a Train at La Ciolat Station\u003c/em>, 1885) and Georges Méliès (\u003cem>A Trip to the Moon\u003c/em>, 1902), but what about \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0656860/\" title=\"Jean Painlevé (IMDB)\">Jean Painlevé\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35153\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/10/cinematic-science-from-the-farm-to-france/800px-jean_painleve1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35153\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/800px-Jean_painleve1-640x360.png\" alt=\"Jean Painlevé\" title=\"800px-Jean_painleve1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-35153\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jean Painlevé - from \"Science is Fiction: 23 Films by Jean Painlevé\" Producer: Kate Elmore\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Painlevé was a French artist and scientist who loved marine animals and film. The first underwater camera housing, which he helped develop, let him combine his passions. His early films (with names like \u003cem>The Stickleback's Egg\u003c/em> and \u003cem>The Devilfish\u003c/em>) amazed audiences from the 1920's through today with their meticulous scientific detail. Yet Painlevé's interest in a surrealist aesthetic brought anthropomorphism and metaphor into what might otherwise have been simple educational movies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://player.vimeo.com/video/28884147\" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea urchins look to many people like uncomfortably sharp plants, but in Painlevé's movie their animal nature is obvious. They dig. They crawl. At 3:45, a charming illustration explains how an urchin's tube foot (\u003cem>ventouse\u003c/em>) works. Then the entire animal rotates itself with the concerted effort of a hundred tube feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With videos like this, Painlevé followed in Muybridge's footsteps, studying animal locomotion in a way that hadn't been possible before film. The development of cinema may have given rise to a multi-billion dollar entertainment industry--but it should also be celebrated for science's sake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>H/t to the \u003ca href=\"http://echinoblog.blogspot.com/2012/04/amazing-black-and-white-sea-urchin.html\" title=\"Echinoblog\">Echinoblog\u003c/a> for bringing Jean Painlevé to my attention.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Monday was the 182nd birthday of Eadward Muybridge, the moving picture pioneer who first answered the question: Do all four feet of a galloping horse leave the ground at once? Muybridge's remarkable contributions to film often overshadow his instrumental role in kickstarting the science of biomechanics . . .","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1334698779,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://player.vimeo.com/video/28884147"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":507},"headData":{"title":"Cinematic Science from The Farm to France | KQED","description":"Monday was the 182nd birthday of Eadward Muybridge, the moving picture pioneer who first answered the question: Do all four feet of a galloping horse leave the ground at once? Muybridge's remarkable contributions to film often overshadow his instrumental role in kickstarting the science of biomechanics . . .","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Cinematic Science from The Farm to France","datePublished":"2012-04-10T18:36:02.000Z","dateModified":"2012-04-17T21:39:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"35147 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=35147","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/10/cinematic-science-from-the-farm-to-france/","disqusTitle":"Cinematic Science from The Farm to France","path":"/quest/35147/cinematic-science-from-the-farm-to-france","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Monday was the 182nd birthday of Eadward Muybridge, the moving picture pioneer who first answered the question: do all four feet of a galloping horse leave the ground at once?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muybridge took his famous horse photographs at the Palo Alto Stock Farm, 14 years before it would become Stanford University. Leland Stanford himself, former California governor and race horse owner, had hired the photographer simply to satisfy his curiosity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35148\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/10/cinematic-science-from-the-farm-to-france/the_horse_in_motion/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35148\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/The_Horse_in_Motion.jpg\" alt=\"The Horse in Motion - Eadward Muybridge\" title=\"The_Horse_in_Motion\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35148\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/The_Horse_in_Motion.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/The_Horse_in_Motion-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yep, all four feet off the ground. You're welcome, Mr. Stanford!\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Muybridge had bigger ideas. He created a device called the \u003cem>zoopraxiscope\u003c/em> that projected still images from a spinning disc, creating the illusion of motion. (I'm disappointed that history nixed \"zoopraxiscope\" in favor of \"film projector.\" BORING.) In 1880, Muybridge presented a public screening of his running horse that was probably the world's first movie, though no one called it that at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Muybridge's remarkable contributions to film often overshadow his instrumental role in kickstarting the science of biomechanics. He was fascinated with locomotion, and moved on from horses to study a variety of other animals. The field has blossomed since Muybridge's time: modern high-speed cameras can record \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/11/dry-hummingbirds/\" title=\"Wired - How Hummingbirds Stay Dry\">hummingbird wings\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oberlin.edu/news-info/05may/expflower.html\" title=\"Oberlin College - World's Fastest Flower\">world's fastest flower\u003c/a> (!). I've even used high-speed video combined with a microscope to study the locomotion of baby squid--which brings us to the next curious character in this tale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As anyone who's seen \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0970179/\" title=\"Hugo (IMBD)\">\u003cem>Hugo\u003c/em>\u003c/a> knows, the French picked up where Muybridge left off and began to make all kinds of marvelous films. You may have heard of the Lumière brothers (\u003cem>The Arrival of a Train at La Ciolat Station\u003c/em>, 1885) and Georges Méliès (\u003cem>A Trip to the Moon\u003c/em>, 1902), but what about \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0656860/\" title=\"Jean Painlevé (IMDB)\">Jean Painlevé\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35153\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/10/cinematic-science-from-the-farm-to-france/800px-jean_painleve1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35153\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/800px-Jean_painleve1-640x360.png\" alt=\"Jean Painlevé\" title=\"800px-Jean_painleve1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-35153\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jean Painlevé - from \"Science is Fiction: 23 Films by Jean Painlevé\" Producer: Kate Elmore\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Painlevé was a French artist and scientist who loved marine animals and film. The first underwater camera housing, which he helped develop, let him combine his passions. His early films (with names like \u003cem>The Stickleback's Egg\u003c/em> and \u003cem>The Devilfish\u003c/em>) amazed audiences from the 1920's through today with their meticulous scientific detail. Yet Painlevé's interest in a surrealist aesthetic brought anthropomorphism and metaphor into what might otherwise have been simple educational movies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://player.vimeo.com/video/28884147\" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea urchins look to many people like uncomfortably sharp plants, but in Painlevé's movie their animal nature is obvious. They dig. They crawl. At 3:45, a charming illustration explains how an urchin's tube foot (\u003cem>ventouse\u003c/em>) works. Then the entire animal rotates itself with the concerted effort of a hundred tube feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With videos like this, Painlevé followed in Muybridge's footsteps, studying animal locomotion in a way that hadn't been possible before film. The development of cinema may have given rise to a multi-billion dollar entertainment industry--but it should also be celebrated for science's sake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>H/t to the \u003ca href=\"http://echinoblog.blogspot.com/2012/04/amazing-black-and-white-sea-urchin.html\" title=\"Echinoblog\">Echinoblog\u003c/a> for bringing Jean Painlevé to my attention.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/35147/cinematic-science-from-the-farm-to-france","authors":["6324"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_10969","quest_3309","quest_20","quest_10967","quest_1091","quest_10968","quest_3351","quest_3640","quest_3307","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_10970"],"featImg":"quest_35148","label":"quest"},"quest_13991":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_13991","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"13991","score":null,"sort":[1303411052000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"banana-slugs-do-the-wave-with-slime","title":"Banana Slugs "Do the Wave" With Slime","publishDate":1303411052,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/Slug-medium2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Banana slugs stick to the substrate, thanks to their slime. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/livenature/2114166442/\">Franco Folini\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch a \u003ca href=\"http://bss.sfsu.edu/holzman/courses/fall00projects/bananaslug.html\">banana slug\u003c/a> move across the leaf litter, or up a fencepost, and you’ll be surprised by the grace with which this shell-less snail can move its slimy little body. Banana slugs move via muscular waves, called pedal waves—contractions and relaxations of the body. The slugs’ occasional arboreal lifestyle (they can be found perched slimily in trees) is made possible by the \u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/jul-sep-2002/why-banana-slugs-slimy\">mucus\u003c/a> they secrete, which acts like an adhesive. This mucus helps them move, but limits the distance they can travel in a day; slugs can produce only so much slime.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A slug’s muscular wave starts at its rear end and propagates forward. Slugs are incapable of moving backwards. First the tail moves forward. The wave travels along the body, inching the body forward. Finally, the head moves forward. At any given time, part of the body is contracted and possibly raised above the ground (the wave), and part of the body is relaxed and in contact with the ground (the interwave). The outside rim of the body is always in contact with the ground. The parts of the body in contact with the ground adhere to the ground, thanks to mucus. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slugs produce two kinds of mucus: a thick mucus, secreted by a gland underneath the mouth, and a thin mucus, secreted along the length of the body. The mucus is made primarily of water, mixed with salts and a glycoprotein, which forms a gel network and gives the mucus its elastic properties. There is some debate about the role of mucus in locomotion. Mucus definitely provides adhesion, which allows slugs to climb trees. Mucus may also help to generate thrust, as it stiffens and deforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mucus is beneficial to slugs in other ways: it prevents slugs from drying out, and its taste and texture deter predators. However, making all this mucus is energetically expensive for slugs. They cannot produce unlimited slime, and the amount they produce may limit the distance they can travel. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be sure to check out QUEST’s Science on the SPOT video, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-banana-slugs-unpeeled\">Banana Slugs Unpeeled\u003c/a>, to see slugs in (slow, graceful) action. And, on a different note, check out the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bananaslugstringband.com/\">Banana Slug String Band\u003c/a>, a Santa Cruz band that sings songs about science for kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.040928 -122.065315\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Watch a banana slug move across the leaf litter, or up a fencepost, and you’ll be surprised by the grace with which this shell-less snail can move its slimy little body.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1303411052,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":400},"headData":{"title":"Banana Slugs "Do the Wave" With Slime | KQED","description":"Watch a banana slug move across the leaf litter, or up a fencepost, and you’ll be surprised by the grace with which this shell-less snail can move its slimy little body.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Banana Slugs "Do the Wave" With Slime","datePublished":"2011-04-21T18:37:32.000Z","dateModified":"2011-04-21T18:37:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"13991 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=13991","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/21/banana-slugs-do-the-wave-with-slime/","disqusTitle":"Banana Slugs "Do the Wave" With Slime","path":"/quest/13991/banana-slugs-do-the-wave-with-slime","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/Slug-medium2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Banana slugs stick to the substrate, thanks to their slime. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/livenature/2114166442/\">Franco Folini\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch a \u003ca href=\"http://bss.sfsu.edu/holzman/courses/fall00projects/bananaslug.html\">banana slug\u003c/a> move across the leaf litter, or up a fencepost, and you’ll be surprised by the grace with which this shell-less snail can move its slimy little body. Banana slugs move via muscular waves, called pedal waves—contractions and relaxations of the body. The slugs’ occasional arboreal lifestyle (they can be found perched slimily in trees) is made possible by the \u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/jul-sep-2002/why-banana-slugs-slimy\">mucus\u003c/a> they secrete, which acts like an adhesive. This mucus helps them move, but limits the distance they can travel in a day; slugs can produce only so much slime.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A slug’s muscular wave starts at its rear end and propagates forward. Slugs are incapable of moving backwards. First the tail moves forward. The wave travels along the body, inching the body forward. Finally, the head moves forward. At any given time, part of the body is contracted and possibly raised above the ground (the wave), and part of the body is relaxed and in contact with the ground (the interwave). The outside rim of the body is always in contact with the ground. The parts of the body in contact with the ground adhere to the ground, thanks to mucus. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slugs produce two kinds of mucus: a thick mucus, secreted by a gland underneath the mouth, and a thin mucus, secreted along the length of the body. The mucus is made primarily of water, mixed with salts and a glycoprotein, which forms a gel network and gives the mucus its elastic properties. There is some debate about the role of mucus in locomotion. Mucus definitely provides adhesion, which allows slugs to climb trees. Mucus may also help to generate thrust, as it stiffens and deforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mucus is beneficial to slugs in other ways: it prevents slugs from drying out, and its taste and texture deter predators. However, making all this mucus is energetically expensive for slugs. They cannot produce unlimited slime, and the amount they produce may limit the distance they can travel. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be sure to check out QUEST’s Science on the SPOT video, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-banana-slugs-unpeeled\">Banana Slugs Unpeeled\u003c/a>, to see slugs in (slow, graceful) action. And, on a different note, check out the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bananaslugstringband.com/\">Banana Slug String Band\u003c/a>, a Santa Cruz band that sings songs about science for kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.040928 -122.065315\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/13991/banana-slugs-do-the-wave-with-slime","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_3473","quest_3640","quest_3668","quest_3765","quest_3766"],"featImg":"quest_13993","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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