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There Be Light","publishDate":1372341625,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/FeaturedImage.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-55695\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/FeaturedImage-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"FeaturedImage\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have you heard? Incandescent light bulbs are \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZik9qwSyHE&list=PLtECghye06-m4JOEiy1KA2k-PvxpfCEPh\">dead\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ok, maybe not dead. More like endangered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Threat: LED light bulbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, the Federal government \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&ved=0CGIQFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.energystar.gov%2Fia%2Fproducts%2Flighting%2Fcfls%2Fdownloads%2FEISA_Backgrounder_FINAL_4-11_EPA.pdf&ei=35-aUbeQOJPg8AT654DwDw&usg=AFQjCNHucXRwUJvDsxQ5e1ZDzyjPsg9DcQ&sig2=82EASe-w6mlhGL_u794smg&bvm=bv.46751780,d.eWU\">passed a law\u003c/a> mandating a gradual transition to more energy-efficient light bulbs. Manufacturers have already phased out 75 and 100-watt bulbs. And next January will be lights out for the old 40 and 60-watt energy hogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57210\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 221px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Bulb-comparison2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57210 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Bulb-comparison2-221x253.jpg\" alt=\"Bulb comparison2\" width=\"221\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Click to enlarge. Courtesy EnergyStar.gov\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Turns out the light bulb Thomas Edison invented over 130 years ago is incredibly inefficient. It’s internal filament wire is basically a heat source that gives off light. Not bad for the 1880s, but considering \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=99&t=3\">17% of the country’s total electricity consumption\u003c/a> now goes to lighting our homes and businesses, we have an opportunity to reduce our energy footprint by relying on newer, more efficient options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While CFLs – those swirly looking, Compact Fluorescent Lights – are certainly more energy-efficient than incandescents, disposing them has always been an issue. CFLs contain mercury, a toxic metal, and must be properly recycled when they burn out. And if they fall and break in your home, well, the EPA has a long list of \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/cfl/cleaning-broken-cfl\">cleanup precautions\u003c/a>, including turning off your central air so the toxins don’t spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real bright spot in the lighting aisle comes from LED bulbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days LEDs can be found everywhere – flashlights, cell phones, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailyjournal.net/view/story/5b5ad8a32d334ca9b4ab4ce55d058bd0/CA--Efficient-Street-Lights/\">street lamps \u003c/a>- \u003cem>except\u003c/em> the light fixtures in our homes. Why? Because up until now they were simply too expensive for most consumers. But that’s about to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/8cree8.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-52009\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/8cree8-208x253.jpg\" alt=\"8cree8\" width=\"146\" height=\"177\">\u003c/a>This year Durham, North Carolina-based Cree introduced a $10, 40-watt replacement LED light bulb and a 60-watt replacement model that sells for $13. Both bulbs look and feel like incandescent bulbs, only better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before you write off the LEDs because of the steep price tag, consider this: their 60-watt replacement bulb is designed to last for over 22 years. That’s \u003cem>years\u003c/em>. This translates into an estimated annual energy cost of $1.14. By comparison, a standard 60-watt incandescent bulb will burn out in about 11 months and add $7 to your annual energy bill. \u003ca href=\"http://news.consumerreports.org/home/2013/03/early-testing-of-low-cost-leds-show-promising-results.html\">Consumer Reports\u003c/a> crunched the numbers and says you will make your money back with Cree’s 60-watt replacement bulb in under two years; “After that you would save $149 in energy and bulbs over its life when compared with an incandescent.” How many light bulbs do you have in your home? You do the math.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about the light quality, you ask? For a long time the knock against CFLs and LEDs was that they simply can’t compete with the warm, bright glow from incandescents. We conducted a little field test to see how the bulbs compare:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8XvLc6VlpI8?feature=player_detailpage\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could you see a difference? From my perspective the light quality was pretty much the same. And I suppose that’s the point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bottom line: switching to LED bulbs is a no-brainer if you’re looking to reduce your energy consumption and your utility bill. \u003ca href=\"http://thewirecutter.com/reviews/the-best-led-lightbulb-is-the-cree-warm-white/\">Most\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/21/technology/personaltech/cheaper-led-bulbs-make-it-easier-to-switch-lights.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&\">reviewers\u003c/a> highlight \u003ca href=\"http://www.homedepot.com/p/Cree-9-5-Watt-60W-A19-Warm-White-2700K-LED-Light-Bulb-1-Pack-BA19-08027OMF-12DE26-1U110/203991774#.UZ6i_-uzo8s\">Cree’s bulbs\u003c/a> for its price and light quality. But there are other options on the market, that \u003ca href=\"http://www.bestbuy.com/site/Insignia%26%23153%3B---800-Lumen,-13-Watt-Dimmable-LED-Light-Bulb,-60-Watt-Equivalent---Warm-White/6238358.p?id=1218725181682&skuId=6238358&ci_src=11138&AID=10474050&PID=6149596&SID=1esrwnfs4v0k7&URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bestbuy.com%2Fsite%2FInsignia%2526%2523153%253B---800-Lumen%2C-13-Watt-Dimmable-LED-Light-Bulb%2C-60-Watt-Equivalent---Warm-White%2F6238358.p%3Fid%3D1218725181682%26skuId%3D6238358%26ci_src%3D11138&ref=39&CJPID=6149596&loc=01\">span the price \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B007RKVT4C/?tag=thewire06-20\">light range\u003c/a> so shop around and choose an LED bulb that works best for you.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Paying less for more: how energy-efficient LED bulbs outshine the competition while saving you money.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1372351858,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":592},"headData":{"title":"L.E.D. There Be Light | KQED","description":"Paying less for more: how energy-efficient LED bulbs outshine the competition while saving you money.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"L.E.D. There Be Light","datePublished":"2013-06-27T14:00:25.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-27T16:50:58.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"52005 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=52005","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/06/27/comparing-led-cfl-incandescent-light-bulbs-energy-saving/","disqusTitle":"L.E.D. There Be Light","path":"/quest/52005/comparing-led-cfl-incandescent-light-bulbs-energy-saving","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/FeaturedImage.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-55695\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/FeaturedImage-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"FeaturedImage\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have you heard? Incandescent light bulbs are \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZik9qwSyHE&list=PLtECghye06-m4JOEiy1KA2k-PvxpfCEPh\">dead\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ok, maybe not dead. More like endangered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Threat: LED light bulbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, the Federal government \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&ved=0CGIQFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.energystar.gov%2Fia%2Fproducts%2Flighting%2Fcfls%2Fdownloads%2FEISA_Backgrounder_FINAL_4-11_EPA.pdf&ei=35-aUbeQOJPg8AT654DwDw&usg=AFQjCNHucXRwUJvDsxQ5e1ZDzyjPsg9DcQ&sig2=82EASe-w6mlhGL_u794smg&bvm=bv.46751780,d.eWU\">passed a law\u003c/a> mandating a gradual transition to more energy-efficient light bulbs. Manufacturers have already phased out 75 and 100-watt bulbs. And next January will be lights out for the old 40 and 60-watt energy hogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57210\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 221px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Bulb-comparison2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57210 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Bulb-comparison2-221x253.jpg\" alt=\"Bulb comparison2\" width=\"221\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Click to enlarge. Courtesy EnergyStar.gov\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Turns out the light bulb Thomas Edison invented over 130 years ago is incredibly inefficient. It’s internal filament wire is basically a heat source that gives off light. Not bad for the 1880s, but considering \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=99&t=3\">17% of the country’s total electricity consumption\u003c/a> now goes to lighting our homes and businesses, we have an opportunity to reduce our energy footprint by relying on newer, more efficient options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While CFLs – those swirly looking, Compact Fluorescent Lights – are certainly more energy-efficient than incandescents, disposing them has always been an issue. CFLs contain mercury, a toxic metal, and must be properly recycled when they burn out. And if they fall and break in your home, well, the EPA has a long list of \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/cfl/cleaning-broken-cfl\">cleanup precautions\u003c/a>, including turning off your central air so the toxins don’t spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real bright spot in the lighting aisle comes from LED bulbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days LEDs can be found everywhere – flashlights, cell phones, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailyjournal.net/view/story/5b5ad8a32d334ca9b4ab4ce55d058bd0/CA--Efficient-Street-Lights/\">street lamps \u003c/a>- \u003cem>except\u003c/em> the light fixtures in our homes. Why? Because up until now they were simply too expensive for most consumers. But that’s about to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/8cree8.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-52009\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/8cree8-208x253.jpg\" alt=\"8cree8\" width=\"146\" height=\"177\">\u003c/a>This year Durham, North Carolina-based Cree introduced a $10, 40-watt replacement LED light bulb and a 60-watt replacement model that sells for $13. Both bulbs look and feel like incandescent bulbs, only better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before you write off the LEDs because of the steep price tag, consider this: their 60-watt replacement bulb is designed to last for over 22 years. That’s \u003cem>years\u003c/em>. This translates into an estimated annual energy cost of $1.14. By comparison, a standard 60-watt incandescent bulb will burn out in about 11 months and add $7 to your annual energy bill. \u003ca href=\"http://news.consumerreports.org/home/2013/03/early-testing-of-low-cost-leds-show-promising-results.html\">Consumer Reports\u003c/a> crunched the numbers and says you will make your money back with Cree’s 60-watt replacement bulb in under two years; “After that you would save $149 in energy and bulbs over its life when compared with an incandescent.” How many light bulbs do you have in your home? You do the math.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about the light quality, you ask? For a long time the knock against CFLs and LEDs was that they simply can’t compete with the warm, bright glow from incandescents. We conducted a little field test to see how the bulbs compare:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8XvLc6VlpI8?feature=player_detailpage\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could you see a difference? From my perspective the light quality was pretty much the same. And I suppose that’s the point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bottom line: switching to LED bulbs is a no-brainer if you’re looking to reduce your energy consumption and your utility bill. \u003ca href=\"http://thewirecutter.com/reviews/the-best-led-lightbulb-is-the-cree-warm-white/\">Most\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/21/technology/personaltech/cheaper-led-bulbs-make-it-easier-to-switch-lights.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&\">reviewers\u003c/a> highlight \u003ca href=\"http://www.homedepot.com/p/Cree-9-5-Watt-60W-A19-Warm-White-2700K-LED-Light-Bulb-1-Pack-BA19-08027OMF-12DE26-1U110/203991774#.UZ6i_-uzo8s\">Cree’s bulbs\u003c/a> for its price and light quality. But there are other options on the market, that \u003ca href=\"http://www.bestbuy.com/site/Insignia%26%23153%3B---800-Lumen,-13-Watt-Dimmable-LED-Light-Bulb,-60-Watt-Equivalent---Warm-White/6238358.p?id=1218725181682&skuId=6238358&ci_src=11138&AID=10474050&PID=6149596&SID=1esrwnfs4v0k7&URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bestbuy.com%2Fsite%2FInsignia%2526%2523153%253B---800-Lumen%2C-13-Watt-Dimmable-LED-Light-Bulb%2C-60-Watt-Equivalent---Warm-White%2F6238358.p%3Fid%3D1218725181682%26skuId%3D6238358%26ci_src%3D11138&ref=39&CJPID=6149596&loc=01\">span the price \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B007RKVT4C/?tag=thewire06-20\">light range\u003c/a> so shop around and choose an LED bulb that works best for you.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/52005/comparing-led-cfl-incandescent-light-bulbs-energy-saving","authors":["10296"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_8","quest_16"],"tags":["quest_482","quest_539","quest_984","quest_12124","quest_1379","quest_1640","quest_12123","quest_1659","quest_1664","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3290","quest_10363","quest_10303"],"featImg":"quest_55695","label":"quest"},"quest_40205":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_40205","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"40205","score":null,"sort":[1340750385000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire","title":"\"I Flamed Amazement\": The Physics of St. Elmo's Fire","publishDate":1340750385,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40206\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/st_elmos_fire/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40206\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40206\" title=\"st_elmos_fire\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/st_elmos_fire.jpg\" alt=\"St. Elmo's Fire in cockpit\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/st_elmos_fire.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/st_elmos_fire-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Elmo's Fire on a cockpit window, by {link url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/flyforfun/}Fly For Fun{/link}.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Clad in a bright yellow raincoat and a crown of butterflies, laughing and singing, Ariel delighted the audience from the first moments of \u003ca title=\"CalShakes\" href=\"http://www.calshakes.org/\">California Shakespeare Theater's\u003c/a> \"The Tempest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40207\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/ariel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40207\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40207\" title=\"ariel\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/ariel-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"Ariel in The Tempest\" width=\"253\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Erika Chong Shuch as Ariel in CalShakes' \"The Tempest\", photo by {link url=http://www.kevinberne.com/}Kevin Berne{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I always love productions at the open-air Bruns Memorial Theater, but the airy sprites of Shakespeare's last full play seem particularly well-suited to the natural environment. Orinda's eucalyptus groves and rolling golden hills could as easily populate Prospero's remote island as do the characters of kings and dukes, clowns and cannibals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of all the characters, though, Ariel was \"an easy favorite\" in the words of my father-in-law. Played by choreographer Erika Chong Shuch, her movements overflowed with emotion and expression. It was easy to believe in her magic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40208\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 195px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/463px-elmos_fire-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40208\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-40208\" title=\"463px-Elmo's_fire-2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/463px-Elmos_fire-2-195x253.jpg\" alt=\"St. Elmo's Fire\" width=\"195\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Elmo's Fire on Masts of Ship at Sea (1866)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I boarded the king's ship; now on the beak,\u003cbr>\nNow in the waist, the deck, in every cabin,\u003cbr>\nI flamed amazement: sometime I'd divide,\u003cbr>\nAnd burn in many places; on the topmast,\u003cbr>\nThe yards and bowsprit, would I flame distinctly,\u003cbr>\nThen meet and join.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>--Ariel, The Tempest (Act I, Scene 2), William Shakespeare\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the beleaguered sailors, Ariel personified St. Elmo's Fire, the glow that can appear around ship masts and chimneys during a thunderstorm. Lacking a scientific explanation for the light, people in Shakespeare's time attributed it to the patron saint of sailors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four hundred years later, we still don't completely understand how storms create such magnificent atmospheric phenomena. But we understand \u003ca title=\"Scientific American - St. Elmo's Fire\" href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=quotwhat-causes-the-stran\">a great deal more\u003c/a> than we once did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It starts with storm clouds, which are positively charged on top and negatively charged on the bottom. The reason for this charge differential has to do with turbulence inside the cloud, \u003ca title=\"NOAA - Questions and Answers about Lightning\" href=\"http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/primer/lightning/ltg_basics.html\">exact details TBD\u003c/a>. The negative charge at the bottom of the cloud is so strong it pushes away electrons in the earth's surface, leaving a positive charge in the ground, in trees, in chimneys and ship masts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When some object on earth's surface accumulates enough positive charge, it ionizes the air around it, pulling molecules apart into their constituent positive and negative charges. An ionized gas, or \u003ca title=\"Plasma - Wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)\">plasma\u003c/a>, has no overall charge, since it contains equal numbers of positive and negative ions, but it is an excellent electrical conductor. \u003ca title=\"How Stuff Works - St. Elmo's Fire\" href=\"http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/st-elmo-fire1.htm\">And it glows\u003c/a>. It's beautiful, and a little creepy, but it's not dangerous like lightning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40209\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 167px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/592px-plasma-lamp_2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40209\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40209\" title=\"592px-Plasma-lamp_2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/592px-Plasma-lamp_2-167x169.jpg\" alt=\"Plasma Lamp\" width=\"167\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plasma lamp by {link url=http://www.lucnix.be}Luc Viatour{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Grove Talk before the show, CalShakes resident dramaturg Philippa Kelly emphasized the unpredictable perils of Shakespeare's time. Fires especially were ubiquitous, necessary for daily work, yet often raged out of control--as in the destruction of the Globe Theater. Ariel's magic is the magic of St. Elmo: a safe fire that serves its master's interests and causes no damage. Today, we've harnessed the same plasma phenomenon to build neon signs and modern TVs that are incapable of burning down a building. An instance, perhaps, of \u003ca title=\"Clarke's Three Laws - Wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarke's_three_laws\">Arthur C. Clarke's Third Law\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Ariel personified St. Elmo's Fire, the glow that can appear around ship masts and chimneys during a thunderstorm. Lacking a scientific explanation for the light, people in Shakespeare's time attributed it to the patron saint of sailors. Four hundred years later, we still don't completely understand how storms create such magnificent atmospheric phenomena.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1341603797,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":560},"headData":{"title":"\"I Flamed Amazement\": The Physics of St. Elmo's Fire | KQED","description":"Ariel personified St. Elmo's Fire, the glow that can appear around ship masts and chimneys during a thunderstorm. Lacking a scientific explanation for the light, people in Shakespeare's time attributed it to the patron saint of sailors. Four hundred years later, we still don't completely understand how storms create such magnificent atmospheric phenomena.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"\"I Flamed Amazement\": The Physics of St. Elmo's Fire","datePublished":"2012-06-26T22:39:45.000Z","dateModified":"2012-07-06T19:43:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"40205 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=40205","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/","disqusTitle":"\"I Flamed Amazement\": The Physics of St. Elmo's Fire","path":"/quest/40205/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40206\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/st_elmos_fire/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40206\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40206\" title=\"st_elmos_fire\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/st_elmos_fire.jpg\" alt=\"St. Elmo's Fire in cockpit\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/st_elmos_fire.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/st_elmos_fire-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Elmo's Fire on a cockpit window, by {link url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/flyforfun/}Fly For Fun{/link}.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Clad in a bright yellow raincoat and a crown of butterflies, laughing and singing, Ariel delighted the audience from the first moments of \u003ca title=\"CalShakes\" href=\"http://www.calshakes.org/\">California Shakespeare Theater's\u003c/a> \"The Tempest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40207\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/ariel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40207\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40207\" title=\"ariel\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/ariel-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"Ariel in The Tempest\" width=\"253\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Erika Chong Shuch as Ariel in CalShakes' \"The Tempest\", photo by {link url=http://www.kevinberne.com/}Kevin Berne{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I always love productions at the open-air Bruns Memorial Theater, but the airy sprites of Shakespeare's last full play seem particularly well-suited to the natural environment. Orinda's eucalyptus groves and rolling golden hills could as easily populate Prospero's remote island as do the characters of kings and dukes, clowns and cannibals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of all the characters, though, Ariel was \"an easy favorite\" in the words of my father-in-law. Played by choreographer Erika Chong Shuch, her movements overflowed with emotion and expression. It was easy to believe in her magic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40208\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 195px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/463px-elmos_fire-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40208\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-40208\" title=\"463px-Elmo's_fire-2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/463px-Elmos_fire-2-195x253.jpg\" alt=\"St. Elmo's Fire\" width=\"195\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Elmo's Fire on Masts of Ship at Sea (1866)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I boarded the king's ship; now on the beak,\u003cbr>\nNow in the waist, the deck, in every cabin,\u003cbr>\nI flamed amazement: sometime I'd divide,\u003cbr>\nAnd burn in many places; on the topmast,\u003cbr>\nThe yards and bowsprit, would I flame distinctly,\u003cbr>\nThen meet and join.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>--Ariel, The Tempest (Act I, Scene 2), William Shakespeare\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the beleaguered sailors, Ariel personified St. Elmo's Fire, the glow that can appear around ship masts and chimneys during a thunderstorm. Lacking a scientific explanation for the light, people in Shakespeare's time attributed it to the patron saint of sailors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four hundred years later, we still don't completely understand how storms create such magnificent atmospheric phenomena. But we understand \u003ca title=\"Scientific American - St. Elmo's Fire\" href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=quotwhat-causes-the-stran\">a great deal more\u003c/a> than we once did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It starts with storm clouds, which are positively charged on top and negatively charged on the bottom. The reason for this charge differential has to do with turbulence inside the cloud, \u003ca title=\"NOAA - Questions and Answers about Lightning\" href=\"http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/primer/lightning/ltg_basics.html\">exact details TBD\u003c/a>. The negative charge at the bottom of the cloud is so strong it pushes away electrons in the earth's surface, leaving a positive charge in the ground, in trees, in chimneys and ship masts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When some object on earth's surface accumulates enough positive charge, it ionizes the air around it, pulling molecules apart into their constituent positive and negative charges. An ionized gas, or \u003ca title=\"Plasma - Wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)\">plasma\u003c/a>, has no overall charge, since it contains equal numbers of positive and negative ions, but it is an excellent electrical conductor. \u003ca title=\"How Stuff Works - St. Elmo's Fire\" href=\"http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/st-elmo-fire1.htm\">And it glows\u003c/a>. It's beautiful, and a little creepy, but it's not dangerous like lightning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40209\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 167px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/26/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire/592px-plasma-lamp_2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40209\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40209\" title=\"592px-Plasma-lamp_2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/592px-Plasma-lamp_2-167x169.jpg\" alt=\"Plasma Lamp\" width=\"167\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plasma lamp by {link url=http://www.lucnix.be}Luc Viatour{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Grove Talk before the show, CalShakes resident dramaturg Philippa Kelly emphasized the unpredictable perils of Shakespeare's time. Fires especially were ubiquitous, necessary for daily work, yet often raged out of control--as in the destruction of the Globe Theater. Ariel's magic is the magic of St. Elmo: a safe fire that serves its master's interests and causes no damage. Today, we've harnessed the same plasma phenomenon to build neon signs and modern TVs that are incapable of burning down a building. An instance, perhaps, of \u003ca title=\"Clarke's Three Laws - Wikipedia\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarke's_three_laws\">Arthur C. Clarke's Third Law\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/40205/i-flamed-amazement-the-physics-of-st-elmos-fire","authors":["6324"],"categories":["quest_16"],"tags":["quest_3351","quest_1664","quest_2221","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_11243","quest_11244","quest_11245","quest_11242","quest_11241"],"featImg":"quest_40206","label":"quest"},"quest_25846":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_25846","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"25846","score":null,"sort":[1318038123000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-makes-us-conserve-energy-6-lessons-from-the-smart-grid","title":"What Makes Us Conserve Energy? 6 Lessons from the Smart Grid","publishDate":1318038123,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25851\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/Meter.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25851\" title=\"Meter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/Meter-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A PG&E SmartMeter on a Bay Area home. (Photo: Lauren Sommer)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Smart meters have arrived for many Californians. More than 11 million have been installed by electric utilities in the state, with PG&E leading the way. The new meters digitally track a household's energy use. So, for the first time, we can see our daily and even hourly data online (with a one-day lag before it's posted).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have shown that consumers reduce their energy use when they have access to this information. But as PG&E and other utilities have discovered, raw energy data doesn't mean much to most of us (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/in-a-sea-of-energy-data-utilities-try-to-inspire-conservation/\">including me in this week's QUEST story\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of clean tech start-ups and major corporations are jumping into this space, trying to bridge the gap between hardware (meter) and well, \"soft\"-ware (consumers).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting busy people to change their behavior is no simple task. So I spoke to two companies that have worked with PG&E and other utilities on this problem. Both \u003ca href=\"http://opower.com/\">Opower \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.silverspringnet.com/\">Silver Springs Networks\u003c/a> have designed the web portals that consumers see when they log into their utility accounts. They're designed not just to make us understand, but to inspire us to use less energy in our daily lives. I asked Dan Yates of Opower and Eric Dresselhuys of Silver Spring Networks what lessons they've learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 1: Keep Up with the Joneses \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might think that saving the planet would be enough of a reason to guilt us into energy conservation. But it turns out that our competitive streak is a bigger motivator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies' websites show customers how their energy use compares to similar houses in their neighborhood. Don't worry - they're not publishing exactly how much electricity the Smiths use down the street. But the companies say knowing how you compare to others is a powerful motivation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not shame,\" says Yates of Opower. \"It is really just recognizing an addressable opportunity to reduce usage. If I have a $250 utility bill, I don't really know how much I can save. But as soon as I know that a similar home in my neighborhood is paying $150, suddenly I feel like I have an addressable gap of $100 that I want to pay attention.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's called \"normative comparison\" in the behavioral science world. And Dresselhuys agrees. \"People don't like to lose. People start to wonder why they use so much more than their neighbor does and they start to dig into it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opower is rolling out new social features later this year that allow customers to compare themselves to friends on Facebook. \"It puts the information in a context that's relevant to people. We've seen the power of the neighbor comparison and we're taking it to the next level with the friend comparison,\" says Yates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 2: Provide Concrete Advice\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you get people's attention, they need specific recommendations to take action on – and those recommendations need to be doable, say Yates. \"People don't want data, they want insights.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I always joke that my mom is my litmus test. And I know that she would never spend a minute looking at raw energy data. But what she would love to find out is that her freezer is very energy intensive and it would be worth it to buy a new one,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opower is working with PG&E to roll out a new web portal to customers by the end of the year. Using smart meter data, they can analyze a household's energy use and break it into four categories: heating, cooling, base load (like refrigerator and DVR) and everything else (like lighting and TV watching).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heating and cooling makes up half of a home's energy use on average. Yates says reducing your heating and cooling load is one of the easiest ways to save energy and reduce your bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 3: Get Information Out There\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The average customer isn't getting up in the morning and checking their energy use data,\" says Yates. Emails, text messages and plain old snail mail are crucial for getting customers to pay attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Dresselhuys says mobile devices, including iPhone apps, are making it much easier. \"You can get a text if your electricity usage is getting high. Or the utility can send a message on peak days when they need customers to conserve energy,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Letting customers know what their bill will be is also a good way to get their attention. \"Today, getting your utility bill is like shopping for groceries all month long and never seeing a bill until the end of the month,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 4: Set a Goal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember those gold stars in elementary school? It turns out we still like to be rewarded when we achieve something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we see is that getting people to go after a goal, even 5%, has a big impact,\" says Yates. When they track a customer's progress towards a goal, Yates says it helps them save energy, no matter the size of the goal. \"It's applicable even if you're at the very bottom of the pile and use a ton of energy,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 5: Tell People When They Do Well but Don't Overdo it\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Say you're super energy efficient, turning off lights and power strips in your house with unrelenting dedication. If your utility tells you that you're head and shoulders above everyone else, chances are you'll stop trying so hard. \"This was a concerning outcome of earlier studies we did,\" says Yates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's been seen in other scenarios. There was an anti-drinking campaign called ‘two beers is enough' at college campuses. There were non-drinkers who started thinking ‘if the campus is telling me two is enough, maybe I should drink more beer,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've designed our reports so everyone has a goal in front of them,\" says Yates. It's always good to reward people for doing a good job, but Yates says they stay away from telling people if they're achieving way above expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 6: The Smart Grid is Probably Smarter without Consumers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Home automation, as its known, is almost a holy grail for utilities. If technology can take care of energy conservation, then customers don't have do remember to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that on peak days, when the utility needs to conserve energy, it can send a message to a customer's smart meter. The meter is connected to the thermostat over a Home Area Network, so the thermostat adjusts itself by a few degrees to conserve electricity. Customers can opt-out anytime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the carrot and stick in this case comes in the form of a varied pricing plan. During hot afternoons or so-called \"peak events,\" electricity would be more expensive. So the customer has the potential to save money by shifting their energy use later in the evening when power is cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dresselhuys says they saw the potential of this in a pilot with Oklahoma Gas & Electric customers. \"The more automation in the home, the higher the level of savings. Using that home automation about doubles the amount of money they can save,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/Radio6-2-EnergyBehavior2//_files/iframe.html?noscale=640x423\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"423\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Smart meters are providing consumers with hourly and daily energy use information. But does it inspire conservation?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1367348485,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/Radio6-2-EnergyBehavior2//_files/iframe.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1237},"headData":{"title":"What Makes Us Conserve Energy? 6 Lessons from the Smart Grid | KQED","description":"Smart meters are providing consumers with hourly and daily energy use information. But does it inspire conservation?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What Makes Us Conserve Energy? 6 Lessons from the Smart Grid","datePublished":"2011-10-08T01:42:03.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-30T19:01:25.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"25846 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=25846","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/07/what-makes-us-conserve-energy-6-lessons-from-the-smart-grid/","disqusTitle":"What Makes Us Conserve Energy? 6 Lessons from the Smart Grid","path":"/quest/25846/what-makes-us-conserve-energy-6-lessons-from-the-smart-grid","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25851\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/Meter.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-25851\" title=\"Meter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/Meter-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A PG&E SmartMeter on a Bay Area home. (Photo: Lauren Sommer)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Smart meters have arrived for many Californians. More than 11 million have been installed by electric utilities in the state, with PG&E leading the way. The new meters digitally track a household's energy use. So, for the first time, we can see our daily and even hourly data online (with a one-day lag before it's posted).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have shown that consumers reduce their energy use when they have access to this information. But as PG&E and other utilities have discovered, raw energy data doesn't mean much to most of us (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/in-a-sea-of-energy-data-utilities-try-to-inspire-conservation/\">including me in this week's QUEST story\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of clean tech start-ups and major corporations are jumping into this space, trying to bridge the gap between hardware (meter) and well, \"soft\"-ware (consumers).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting busy people to change their behavior is no simple task. So I spoke to two companies that have worked with PG&E and other utilities on this problem. Both \u003ca href=\"http://opower.com/\">Opower \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.silverspringnet.com/\">Silver Springs Networks\u003c/a> have designed the web portals that consumers see when they log into their utility accounts. They're designed not just to make us understand, but to inspire us to use less energy in our daily lives. I asked Dan Yates of Opower and Eric Dresselhuys of Silver Spring Networks what lessons they've learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 1: Keep Up with the Joneses \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might think that saving the planet would be enough of a reason to guilt us into energy conservation. But it turns out that our competitive streak is a bigger motivator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies' websites show customers how their energy use compares to similar houses in their neighborhood. Don't worry - they're not publishing exactly how much electricity the Smiths use down the street. But the companies say knowing how you compare to others is a powerful motivation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not shame,\" says Yates of Opower. \"It is really just recognizing an addressable opportunity to reduce usage. If I have a $250 utility bill, I don't really know how much I can save. But as soon as I know that a similar home in my neighborhood is paying $150, suddenly I feel like I have an addressable gap of $100 that I want to pay attention.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's called \"normative comparison\" in the behavioral science world. And Dresselhuys agrees. \"People don't like to lose. People start to wonder why they use so much more than their neighbor does and they start to dig into it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opower is rolling out new social features later this year that allow customers to compare themselves to friends on Facebook. \"It puts the information in a context that's relevant to people. We've seen the power of the neighbor comparison and we're taking it to the next level with the friend comparison,\" says Yates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 2: Provide Concrete Advice\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you get people's attention, they need specific recommendations to take action on – and those recommendations need to be doable, say Yates. \"People don't want data, they want insights.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I always joke that my mom is my litmus test. And I know that she would never spend a minute looking at raw energy data. But what she would love to find out is that her freezer is very energy intensive and it would be worth it to buy a new one,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opower is working with PG&E to roll out a new web portal to customers by the end of the year. Using smart meter data, they can analyze a household's energy use and break it into four categories: heating, cooling, base load (like refrigerator and DVR) and everything else (like lighting and TV watching).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heating and cooling makes up half of a home's energy use on average. Yates says reducing your heating and cooling load is one of the easiest ways to save energy and reduce your bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 3: Get Information Out There\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The average customer isn't getting up in the morning and checking their energy use data,\" says Yates. Emails, text messages and plain old snail mail are crucial for getting customers to pay attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Dresselhuys says mobile devices, including iPhone apps, are making it much easier. \"You can get a text if your electricity usage is getting high. Or the utility can send a message on peak days when they need customers to conserve energy,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Letting customers know what their bill will be is also a good way to get their attention. \"Today, getting your utility bill is like shopping for groceries all month long and never seeing a bill until the end of the month,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 4: Set a Goal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember those gold stars in elementary school? It turns out we still like to be rewarded when we achieve something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we see is that getting people to go after a goal, even 5%, has a big impact,\" says Yates. When they track a customer's progress towards a goal, Yates says it helps them save energy, no matter the size of the goal. \"It's applicable even if you're at the very bottom of the pile and use a ton of energy,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 5: Tell People When They Do Well but Don't Overdo it\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Say you're super energy efficient, turning off lights and power strips in your house with unrelenting dedication. If your utility tells you that you're head and shoulders above everyone else, chances are you'll stop trying so hard. \"This was a concerning outcome of earlier studies we did,\" says Yates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's been seen in other scenarios. There was an anti-drinking campaign called ‘two beers is enough' at college campuses. There were non-drinkers who started thinking ‘if the campus is telling me two is enough, maybe I should drink more beer,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've designed our reports so everyone has a goal in front of them,\" says Yates. It's always good to reward people for doing a good job, but Yates says they stay away from telling people if they're achieving way above expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesson 6: The Smart Grid is Probably Smarter without Consumers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Home automation, as its known, is almost a holy grail for utilities. If technology can take care of energy conservation, then customers don't have do remember to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that on peak days, when the utility needs to conserve energy, it can send a message to a customer's smart meter. The meter is connected to the thermostat over a Home Area Network, so the thermostat adjusts itself by a few degrees to conserve electricity. Customers can opt-out anytime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the carrot and stick in this case comes in the form of a varied pricing plan. During hot afternoons or so-called \"peak events,\" electricity would be more expensive. So the customer has the potential to save money by shifting their energy use later in the evening when power is cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dresselhuys says they saw the potential of this in a pilot with Oklahoma Gas & Electric customers. \"The more automation in the home, the higher the level of savings. Using that home automation about doubles the amount of money they can save,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/Radio6-2-EnergyBehavior2//_files/iframe.html?noscale=640x423\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"423\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/25846/what-makes-us-conserve-energy-6-lessons-from-the-smart-grid","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_684","quest_954","quest_984","quest_1337","quest_1379","quest_1664","quest_2270","quest_2662","quest_2663"],"featImg":"quest_25851","label":"quest"},"quest_835":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_835","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"835","score":null,"sort":[1221863147000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"me-and-cfls-havent-parted-ways-just-yet","title":"Me and CFLs Haven't Parted Ways Just Yet","publishDate":1221863147,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do compact fluorescent lights (CFLs) really save energy?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/09/cfl2.jpg\">\u003c/span>When you replace incandescents with CFLs, you use less electricity for lighting, but you use more energy for heating your home in the winter, since hot burning incandescents--which produce a lot more heat than light--decrease the heating load. This is called the take-back effect. Anil Parekh, who does research for Natural Resources Canada, and his colleagues, studied the take-back effect. They wanted to know if CFLs really saved energy in a home over the course of a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Canada study, which took place at the Canadian Center for Housing Technology (CCHT)--two identical homes that allow researchers to compare different technologies--showed that even in heating dominated climates, such as in Fairbanks, Alaska, you save energy overall by swapping out incandescents with CFLs. And in cooling climates, such as in Los Angeles, you save on lighting electricity and there is an added bonus (as if Southern Californians deserved it) you use less to cool your home in the summer, since cool CFLs, which put out 90% less heat than incandescents, are not adding to your cooling load. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some readers may have noted that I \u003ca href=\"www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2008/08/22/rip-for-cfls-leds-to-light-our-future/\">declared my allegiance to light-emitting diodes\u003c/a> (LEDs), in a recent blog, since they are potentially much more energy efficient than CFLs. But we'll have to live with CFLs until LEDs become more cost effective... kind of like driving my pretty-fuel-efficient 1997 Geo Prizm into the ground before investing in a newer, hybrid car, or until I quit driving. It takes a lot of energy to make a hybrid car. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes the most efficient car, or appliance, or light bulb, is the one that's already been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Some readers may have noted that I declared my allegiance to light-emitting diodes LEDs, in a recent blog, since they are potentially much more energy efficient than CFLs. But we'll have to live with CFLs until LEDs become more cost effective...","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1221863147,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":294},"headData":{"title":"Me and CFLs Haven't Parted Ways Just Yet | KQED","description":"Some readers may have noted that I declared my allegiance to light-emitting diodes LEDs, in a recent blog, since they are potentially much more energy efficient than CFLs. But we'll have to live with CFLs until LEDs become more cost effective...","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Me and CFLs Haven't Parted Ways Just Yet","datePublished":"2008-09-19T22:25:47.000Z","dateModified":"2008-09-19T22:25:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"835 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=835","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/09/19/me-and-cfls-havent-parted-ways-just-yet/","disqusTitle":"Me and CFLs Haven't Parted Ways Just Yet","path":"/quest/835/me-and-cfls-havent-parted-ways-just-yet","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do compact fluorescent lights (CFLs) really save energy?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/09/cfl2.jpg\">\u003c/span>When you replace incandescents with CFLs, you use less electricity for lighting, but you use more energy for heating your home in the winter, since hot burning incandescents--which produce a lot more heat than light--decrease the heating load. This is called the take-back effect. Anil Parekh, who does research for Natural Resources Canada, and his colleagues, studied the take-back effect. They wanted to know if CFLs really saved energy in a home over the course of a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Canada study, which took place at the Canadian Center for Housing Technology (CCHT)--two identical homes that allow researchers to compare different technologies--showed that even in heating dominated climates, such as in Fairbanks, Alaska, you save energy overall by swapping out incandescents with CFLs. And in cooling climates, such as in Los Angeles, you save on lighting electricity and there is an added bonus (as if Southern Californians deserved it) you use less to cool your home in the summer, since cool CFLs, which put out 90% less heat than incandescents, are not adding to your cooling load. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some readers may have noted that I \u003ca href=\"www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2008/08/22/rip-for-cfls-leds-to-light-our-future/\">declared my allegiance to light-emitting diodes\u003c/a> (LEDs), in a recent blog, since they are potentially much more energy efficient than CFLs. But we'll have to live with CFLs until LEDs become more cost effective... kind of like driving my pretty-fuel-efficient 1997 Geo Prizm into the ground before investing in a newer, hybrid car, or until I quit driving. It takes a lot of energy to make a hybrid car. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes the most efficient car, or appliance, or light bulb, is the one that's already been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/835/me-and-cfls-havent-parted-ways-just-yet","authors":["10175"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_516","quest_539","quest_984","quest_3351","quest_1640","quest_1659","quest_1664","quest_2349"],"label":"quest"},"quest_797":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_797","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"797","score":null,"sort":[1219439163000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"rip-for-cfls-leds-to-light-our-future","title":"R.I.P. for CFLs? LEDs to Light our Future","publishDate":1219439163,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/08/9_watts.jpg\">\u003c/span>I've been a cheerleader for compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) in this blog and will abandon the technology in a millisecond. When it comes to technology, my loyalties are short lived. I'm writing this from Asilomar State Park in Pacific Grove, California, during the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE) bi-annual Summer Study on energy use in buildings. Early in the week, the plenary speaker and a 2008 ACEEE Champion of Energy Efficiency, Philips Lighting's Kevin Dowling, Vice President for Innovation in Solid State Lighting, turned my head from CFLs to light emitting diodes (LEDs), my new little darling, hero, and true lighting love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philips Lighting was the first manufacturer to commercialize CFL bulbs in the 1970s, and has long been an innovator, as well as being the largest manufacturer of lighting products in the world. \"We aren't even near the limits to this technology,\" said Dowling. Technically, solid-state lighting, or LED lighting, is ready to be the next big thing after CFLs. The challenge that remains is making LED lighting affordable and ubiquitous. That is a challenge when you consider that today's incandescents work in 1880s-style fixtures. Dowling proved it in a backroom of the Smithsonian in Washington D.C. And in the progressive Pacific Northwest, after 15 years on the market, CFLs have achieved only 8% market penetration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But LEDs are an easy sell. Compared to incandescent lights, which produce 10–12 lumens per watt (lpw), and fluorescents, which produce 90-100 lpw, the best LEDs produce approximately 100 lpw, have the potential to reach the 150–200 lpw level, can last 35 years and don't release any mercury into the environment. History has shown that the cost of LED technology has decreased, while performance has increased-- both exponentially. Dowling expects LED lighting performance to continue increasing 35% per year while the price decreases about 20% per year, and that in 24-36 months LED lighting will reach the level of linear fluorescent lights in light output per watt of energy use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LEDs have evolved from mostly lighting that attracts attention to lighting that illuminates. LEDs can produce a range of color temperatures, from cool to warm. It has been installed in the Old North Church in Boston to rave reviews from the curators of the historic church. Legislation is supporting the evolution of the lighting technology. Legislation and guidelines will raise lighting efficacy to at least 45 lpw by 2020, according to Dowling, making LEDs an easy choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goodbye CFLs, it was good while it lasted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"I've been a cheerleader for compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) in this blog and will abandon the technology in a millisecond. When it comes to technology, my loyalties are short lived.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1219439163,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":437},"headData":{"title":"R.I.P. for CFLs? LEDs to Light our Future | KQED","description":"I've been a cheerleader for compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) in this blog and will abandon the technology in a millisecond. When it comes to technology, my loyalties are short lived.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"R.I.P. for CFLs? LEDs to Light our Future","datePublished":"2008-08-22T21:06:03.000Z","dateModified":"2008-08-22T21:06:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"797 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=797","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/08/22/rip-for-cfls-leds-to-light-our-future/","disqusTitle":"R.I.P. for CFLs? LEDs to Light our Future","path":"/quest/797/rip-for-cfls-leds-to-light-our-future","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/08/9_watts.jpg\">\u003c/span>I've been a cheerleader for compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) in this blog and will abandon the technology in a millisecond. When it comes to technology, my loyalties are short lived. I'm writing this from Asilomar State Park in Pacific Grove, California, during the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE) bi-annual Summer Study on energy use in buildings. Early in the week, the plenary speaker and a 2008 ACEEE Champion of Energy Efficiency, Philips Lighting's Kevin Dowling, Vice President for Innovation in Solid State Lighting, turned my head from CFLs to light emitting diodes (LEDs), my new little darling, hero, and true lighting love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philips Lighting was the first manufacturer to commercialize CFL bulbs in the 1970s, and has long been an innovator, as well as being the largest manufacturer of lighting products in the world. \"We aren't even near the limits to this technology,\" said Dowling. Technically, solid-state lighting, or LED lighting, is ready to be the next big thing after CFLs. The challenge that remains is making LED lighting affordable and ubiquitous. That is a challenge when you consider that today's incandescents work in 1880s-style fixtures. Dowling proved it in a backroom of the Smithsonian in Washington D.C. And in the progressive Pacific Northwest, after 15 years on the market, CFLs have achieved only 8% market penetration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But LEDs are an easy sell. Compared to incandescent lights, which produce 10–12 lumens per watt (lpw), and fluorescents, which produce 90-100 lpw, the best LEDs produce approximately 100 lpw, have the potential to reach the 150–200 lpw level, can last 35 years and don't release any mercury into the environment. History has shown that the cost of LED technology has decreased, while performance has increased-- both exponentially. Dowling expects LED lighting performance to continue increasing 35% per year while the price decreases about 20% per year, and that in 24-36 months LED lighting will reach the level of linear fluorescent lights in light output per watt of energy use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LEDs have evolved from mostly lighting that attracts attention to lighting that illuminates. LEDs can produce a range of color temperatures, from cool to warm. It has been installed in the Old North Church in Boston to rave reviews from the curators of the historic church. Legislation is supporting the evolution of the lighting technology. Legislation and guidelines will raise lighting efficacy to at least 45 lpw by 2020, according to Dowling, making LEDs an easy choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goodbye CFLs, it was good while it lasted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/797/rip-for-cfls-leds-to-light-our-future","authors":["10175"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_540","quest_684","quest_984","quest_1387","quest_3351","quest_1640","quest_1659","quest_1660","quest_1664","quest_1791","quest_2141"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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