The Large Hadron Collider Gets Ready to Spin Again
The Large Hadron Collider: The Who, What and Where of the Why Machine
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She moved to the Bay Area in 1996 to study documentary filmmaking at the University of California, Berkeley, where she received master’s degrees in journalism and Latin American studies.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"gabrielaquirosr","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor","ef_view_calendar","ef_view_story_budget"]}],"headData":{"title":"Gabriela Quirós | KQED","description":"Video Producer and Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/gabriela-quiros"},"jennifer-skene":{"type":"authors","id":"10200","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10200","found":true},"name":"Jennifer Skene","firstName":"Jennifer","lastName":"Skene","slug":"jennifer-skene","email":"jen@skene.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Jennifer Skene develops curriculum on climate change and ocean sciences at the Lawrence Hall of Science and teaches biology and science communication at Mills College and the University of California Berkeley. 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He is interested in the nexus between the basic research community and society at large. Originally from the Bavarian-themed tourist town of Leavenworth, WA (yes, real people actually do live there!), he graduated with an A.B. in Physics from Harvard College in 2005, taught fifth grade at Leo Elementary School in South Texas, and has been pursuing his Ph.D. in the Bay Area since the fall of 2007. Currently, he studies experimental condensed matter in the Lanzara Research Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. His past research interests have included Bose-Einstein condensation, rubidium-based atomic clocks, hydrogen masers, lenses and mirrors, mayflies, mousetrap cars, toothpick bridges, fawn lilies, the slinky, Legos, vinegar and baking soda volcanoes, wolves, choo-choo trains, and the word \"moon.\"","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0c2d0e1987e4e99007eb08137dc65ebb?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Christopher Smallwood | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0c2d0e1987e4e99007eb08137dc65ebb?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0c2d0e1987e4e99007eb08137dc65ebb?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/christopher-smallwood"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_17535":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17535","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17535","score":null,"sort":[1447336800000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"homegrown-particle-accelerators","title":"Homegrown Particle Accelerators","publishDate":1447336800,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>More is more – nowhere is that truer than at the world’s most powerful atom smasher, the \u003ca href=\"http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/lhc/lhc-en.html\">Large Hadron Collider\u003c/a> in Switzerland, where scientists last week concluded a six-month series of experiments where they forced infinitesimally tiny particles to smash against each other at double the energy level ever recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The higher energy level – 13 trillion electronvolts – will increase physicists’ chances of answering some of the most daunting questions in science. Through their work, researchers hope to find out if there are extra dimensions in the universe other than the three we’re familiar with. They also hope to elucidate what dark matter might be – that’s the “stuff” that makes up about a quarter of the universe. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there might even be surprises along the way, said physicist Michael Barnett, of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know what we don’t know,” said Barnett, who recently spent a week at the Large Hadron Collider, in Geneva. “All we do is collide protons.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97327\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LHC.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LHC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Researchers at the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland celebrate in June after the powerful atom smasher started a series of experiments in which particles collided at double the energy level ever recorded.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-97327\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LHC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LHC-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LHC-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LHC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LHC-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers at the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland celebrate in June after the powerful atom smasher started a series of experiments in which particles collided at double the energy level ever recorded. \u003ccite>(CERN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The collider smashes tiny constituents of matter called protons against other protons inside a 17-mile ring so long that it straddles the border of Switzerland and France. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The giant accelerator’s first run started in 2010 and culminated two years later with the discovery of the Higgs boson, also known as the “God particle” because it has the god-like ability to confer mass to other particles. Scientists like Barnett hope that it will take two more years to find clues about extra dimensions and dark matter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process involves looking for phenomena that can only be created inside a particle accelerator, such as microscopic black holes that disappear in less than a millionth of a second, leaving only traces to be pored over by scientists. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like fireworks,” said Barnett, “with tails that become more and more elaborate.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the technologies that made the Large Hadron Collider possible were pioneered in the Bay Area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicists on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aip.org/history/lawrence/index.htm\">University of California, Berkeley, campus in the 1930s\u003c/a> and at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.slac.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Linear Accelerator Center\u003c/a>, in Menlo Park, in the 1970s, created precursors to the Large Hadron Collider that led to key discoveries about the tiny constituents of the atom – from the nucleus all the way down to quarks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97325\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Cyclotron.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Cyclotron-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The first cyclotron, a particle accelerator created in 1930 at the University of California, Berkeley. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-97325\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Cyclotron-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Cyclotron-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Cyclotron-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Cyclotron-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Cyclotron-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The first cyclotron, a particle accelerator created in 1930 at the University of California, Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Photo Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In its first iteration, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aip.org/history/lawrence/epa.htm\">cyclotron\u003c/a> created by UC Berkeley physicist Ernest Lawrence in 1930 \u003ca href=\"http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/Exhibits/physics/bigscience02.html\">fit in the palm of his hand\u003c/a>. It was a breakthrough because, without requiring much energy, it could produce very energetic particles in a small space. This allowed physicists to readily investigate the atom’s nucleus by creating elements with large nuclei. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resulting new field of nuclear science has a complicated legacy, said Lawrence Berkeley Lab nuclear physicist Larry Phair. Nuclear physics were used to \u003ca href=\"http://www.aip.org/history/lawrence/bomb.htm\">build the atomic bomb\u003c/a>, as well as to create the \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/2007/april18/med-accelerator-041807.html\">medical accelerators\u003c/a> that are now commonly used to fight cancer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Subsequent versions of the cyclotron were so big that they were housed in their own buildings. The Lawrence Berkeley Lab started out as the facility that Ernest Lawrence built above the UC Berkeley campus to house his ever-bigger cyclotrons. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97326\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LINAC.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LINAC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"When it opened in Menlo Park in 1966 the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center had the longest particle accelerator in the world. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-97326\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LINAC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LINAC-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LINAC-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LINAC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LINAC-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When it opened in Menlo Park in 1966 the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center had the longest particle accelerator in the world. \u003ccite>(SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Photo Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When it opened in Menlo Park in 1966, the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, now the \u003ca href=\"http://www.slac.stanford.edu/\">SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory\u003c/a>, was the longest particle accelerator in the world. The linear accelerator sent electron beams traveling down a two-mile row of microwave-oven-like devices and smashed them against a stationary target. Physicists used these accelerated electrons to investigate what was inside the protons and neutrons, and in 1968 they found that they were made up of minuscule constituents they called quarks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years later, SLAC physicist Burton Richter built a collider – a type of particle accelerator in which particle beams are smashed against each other to reach high energy levels. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the energy of those two beams could get transformed into new kinds of particles,” said Richter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The so-called SPEAR collider that Richter built led him and his team to discover a more massive quark called the charm quark, and won him the Nobel Prize in physics. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a revolutionary idea, to collide two beams against each other,” said Barnett. The SPEAR collider became a precursor to the Large Hadron Collider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, dozens of physicists and graduate students at the Lawrence Berkeley Lab and SLAC are working at the Large Hadron Collider, making regular trips to Geneva and crunching data back home in their labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The particle accelerators at both facilities have been given new uses. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cyclotron at the Lawrence Berkeley Lab is used to test computer chips that go into satellites, by exposing them to high-radiation conditions similar to those they’ll encounter in space. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the X-rays emitted by accelerated particles at SLAC are being used to study the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/07/07/what-happens-when-you-zap-coral-with-the-worlds-most-powerful-x-ray-laser/\">impact of climate change on coral reefs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Richter, the Large Hadron Collider offers the tantalizing possibility of answering fundamental questions about the universe, one by one. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The blackboard is covered with Post-it notes now,” said Richter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He looks forward to “going down the line and removing them all.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"With the Large Hadron Collider achieving higher energy levels, Bay Area scientists hope for dark matter.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1471475395,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":964},"headData":{"title":"Homegrown Particle Accelerators | KQED","description":"With the Large Hadron Collider achieving higher energy levels, Bay Area scientists hope for dark matter.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Homegrown Particle Accelerators","datePublished":"2015-11-12T14:00:00.000Z","dateModified":"2016-08-17T23:09:55.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"17535 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/homegrown-particle-accelerators/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/11/12/homegrown-particle-accelerators/","disqusTitle":"Homegrown Particle Accelerators","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/OvxAG8e4RZA","source":"Physics","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/physics/","path":"/quest/17535/homegrown-particle-accelerators","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More is more – nowhere is that truer than at the world’s most powerful atom smasher, the \u003ca href=\"http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/lhc/lhc-en.html\">Large Hadron Collider\u003c/a> in Switzerland, where scientists last week concluded a six-month series of experiments where they forced infinitesimally tiny particles to smash against each other at double the energy level ever recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The higher energy level – 13 trillion electronvolts – will increase physicists’ chances of answering some of the most daunting questions in science. Through their work, researchers hope to find out if there are extra dimensions in the universe other than the three we’re familiar with. They also hope to elucidate what dark matter might be – that’s the “stuff” that makes up about a quarter of the universe. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there might even be surprises along the way, said physicist Michael Barnett, of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know what we don’t know,” said Barnett, who recently spent a week at the Large Hadron Collider, in Geneva. “All we do is collide protons.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97327\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LHC.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LHC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Researchers at the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland celebrate in June after the powerful atom smasher started a series of experiments in which particles collided at double the energy level ever recorded.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-97327\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LHC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LHC-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LHC-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LHC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LHC-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers at the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland celebrate in June after the powerful atom smasher started a series of experiments in which particles collided at double the energy level ever recorded. \u003ccite>(CERN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The collider smashes tiny constituents of matter called protons against other protons inside a 17-mile ring so long that it straddles the border of Switzerland and France. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The giant accelerator’s first run started in 2010 and culminated two years later with the discovery of the Higgs boson, also known as the “God particle” because it has the god-like ability to confer mass to other particles. Scientists like Barnett hope that it will take two more years to find clues about extra dimensions and dark matter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process involves looking for phenomena that can only be created inside a particle accelerator, such as microscopic black holes that disappear in less than a millionth of a second, leaving only traces to be pored over by scientists. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like fireworks,” said Barnett, “with tails that become more and more elaborate.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the technologies that made the Large Hadron Collider possible were pioneered in the Bay Area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicists on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aip.org/history/lawrence/index.htm\">University of California, Berkeley, campus in the 1930s\u003c/a> and at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.slac.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Linear Accelerator Center\u003c/a>, in Menlo Park, in the 1970s, created precursors to the Large Hadron Collider that led to key discoveries about the tiny constituents of the atom – from the nucleus all the way down to quarks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97325\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Cyclotron.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Cyclotron-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The first cyclotron, a particle accelerator created in 1930 at the University of California, Berkeley. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-97325\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Cyclotron-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Cyclotron-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Cyclotron-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Cyclotron-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Cyclotron-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The first cyclotron, a particle accelerator created in 1930 at the University of California, Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Photo Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In its first iteration, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aip.org/history/lawrence/epa.htm\">cyclotron\u003c/a> created by UC Berkeley physicist Ernest Lawrence in 1930 \u003ca href=\"http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/Exhibits/physics/bigscience02.html\">fit in the palm of his hand\u003c/a>. It was a breakthrough because, without requiring much energy, it could produce very energetic particles in a small space. This allowed physicists to readily investigate the atom’s nucleus by creating elements with large nuclei. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resulting new field of nuclear science has a complicated legacy, said Lawrence Berkeley Lab nuclear physicist Larry Phair. Nuclear physics were used to \u003ca href=\"http://www.aip.org/history/lawrence/bomb.htm\">build the atomic bomb\u003c/a>, as well as to create the \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/2007/april18/med-accelerator-041807.html\">medical accelerators\u003c/a> that are now commonly used to fight cancer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Subsequent versions of the cyclotron were so big that they were housed in their own buildings. The Lawrence Berkeley Lab started out as the facility that Ernest Lawrence built above the UC Berkeley campus to house his ever-bigger cyclotrons. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97326\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LINAC.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LINAC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"When it opened in Menlo Park in 1966 the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center had the longest particle accelerator in the world. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-97326\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LINAC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LINAC-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LINAC-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LINAC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LINAC-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When it opened in Menlo Park in 1966 the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center had the longest particle accelerator in the world. \u003ccite>(SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Photo Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When it opened in Menlo Park in 1966, the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, now the \u003ca href=\"http://www.slac.stanford.edu/\">SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory\u003c/a>, was the longest particle accelerator in the world. The linear accelerator sent electron beams traveling down a two-mile row of microwave-oven-like devices and smashed them against a stationary target. Physicists used these accelerated electrons to investigate what was inside the protons and neutrons, and in 1968 they found that they were made up of minuscule constituents they called quarks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years later, SLAC physicist Burton Richter built a collider – a type of particle accelerator in which particle beams are smashed against each other to reach high energy levels. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the energy of those two beams could get transformed into new kinds of particles,” said Richter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The so-called SPEAR collider that Richter built led him and his team to discover a more massive quark called the charm quark, and won him the Nobel Prize in physics. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a revolutionary idea, to collide two beams against each other,” said Barnett. The SPEAR collider became a precursor to the Large Hadron Collider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, dozens of physicists and graduate students at the Lawrence Berkeley Lab and SLAC are working at the Large Hadron Collider, making regular trips to Geneva and crunching data back home in their labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The particle accelerators at both facilities have been given new uses. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cyclotron at the Lawrence Berkeley Lab is used to test computer chips that go into satellites, by exposing them to high-radiation conditions similar to those they’ll encounter in space. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the X-rays emitted by accelerated particles at SLAC are being used to study the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/07/07/what-happens-when-you-zap-coral-with-the-worlds-most-powerful-x-ray-laser/\">impact of climate change on coral reefs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Richter, the Large Hadron Collider offers the tantalizing possibility of answering fundamental questions about the universe, one by one. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The blackboard is covered with Post-it notes now,” said Richter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He looks forward to “going down the line and removing them all.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17535/homegrown-particle-accelerators","authors":["6186"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_16","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_247","quest_248","quest_3351","quest_1611","quest_1626","quest_2141","quest_13205","quest_2349","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_81284","label":"source_quest_17535"},"quest_3950":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_3950","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"3950","score":null,"sort":[1255997835000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-large-hadron-collider-gets-ready-to-spin-again","title":"The Large Hadron Collider Gets Ready to Spin Again","publishDate":1255997835,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/10/sf4.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>The Large Hadron Collider, if located in the Bay Area, would encompass a sizable piece of San Francisco. Image Credit: NASA.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>In about one month the world’s biggest science experiment, the \u003ca href=\"http://lhc.web.cern.ch/lhc/\">Large Hadron Collider\u003c/a> (LHC) at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, will once again fire up. So now may be a good time to stop and remember what a stunning and ambitious project this is. Indeed, it becomes hard not to get lost in such an endless list of superlatives once you start noticing. I have gleaned a few below. See CERN’s \u003ca href=\"http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/LHC/Facts-en.html\">website\u003c/a> for more, or Jennifer Skene’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/09/12/the-large-hadron-collider-the-who-what-and-where-of-the-why-machine/\">blog\u003c/a> for a great set of LHC links.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>She’s Electric:\u003c/strong> To power a standard light bulb you need 60 Watts (or 15 watts for an equivalent CFL). To power a small house you need an average of about a thousand watts. To run the LHC at full power researchers will need 120 million watts. Alternatively, you could run the LHC, supply electricity to a population the size of Berkeley, or simultaneously bake 60,000 Thanksgiving turkeys. You could only fly three 747 airplanes, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Life in the Fast Lane: \u003c/strong>A fundamental axiom of physics states that no information can travel faster than the speed of light. The LHC’s \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton\">proton\u003c/a> beams are no exception, but their speeds do approach light speed to within a fraction of a millionth of 1 percent. Such velocities defy comprehension. Suffice it to say that if we ever managed to accelerate a person to this velocity, time would warp so much that we could expect her to live for half a million years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Long and Winding Road: \u003c/strong>The LHC’s 17-mile circumference could make it a nice racetrack for a half-marathon, but don’t try racing the beam. When operational, protons will shoot around the LHC more than 11,000 times per second. Even more mind-boggling is the length of wire used in the construction of the LHC’s thousands of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/04/28/superconductivity-an-arsenic-laced-future/\">superconducting\u003c/a> magnets. CERN claims there is enough wire wrapped up in these magnets to trace out more than six trips to the Sun and back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>OK Computer: \u003c/strong>When operational, the LHC is expected to generate 15 petabytes of data and simulations per year, which amounts to the hard drive space of about 30,000 high-end personal computers. At CERN in 1989, Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau revolutionized the world with their \u003ca href=\"http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/About/WebStory-en.html\">development of key pieces in the framework of the World Wide Web\u003c/a>. The networks being developed to manage the LHC’s expected data have inspired talk of a similar revolution to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Whole New World?: \u003c/strong>All of these wonders of physics and engineering have been developed for the purpose of one thing: to create a particle smasher with the capability of knocking two protons together with an energy of 14 TeV (trillions of electron volts). This is about the same energy that it takes to pick a grain of salt up off the floor. Compressed into such an acute space, however, it just might lend us insight into the most fundamental properties of our universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, if they can only get those wires hooked up correctly...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8768 -122.251\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":".In about one month the world’s biggest science experiment, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, will once again fire up.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1255997835,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":546},"headData":{"title":"The Large Hadron Collider Gets Ready to Spin Again | KQED","description":".In about one month the world’s biggest science experiment, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, will once again fire up.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Large Hadron Collider Gets Ready to Spin Again","datePublished":"2009-10-20T00:17:15.000Z","dateModified":"2009-10-20T00:17:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"3950 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=3950","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/10/19/the-large-hadron-collider-gets-ready-to-spin-again/","disqusTitle":"The Large Hadron Collider Gets Ready to Spin Again","path":"/quest/3950/the-large-hadron-collider-gets-ready-to-spin-again","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/10/sf4.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>The Large Hadron Collider, if located in the Bay Area, would encompass a sizable piece of San Francisco. Image Credit: NASA.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>In about one month the world’s biggest science experiment, the \u003ca href=\"http://lhc.web.cern.ch/lhc/\">Large Hadron Collider\u003c/a> (LHC) at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, will once again fire up. So now may be a good time to stop and remember what a stunning and ambitious project this is. Indeed, it becomes hard not to get lost in such an endless list of superlatives once you start noticing. I have gleaned a few below. See CERN’s \u003ca href=\"http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/LHC/Facts-en.html\">website\u003c/a> for more, or Jennifer Skene’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/09/12/the-large-hadron-collider-the-who-what-and-where-of-the-why-machine/\">blog\u003c/a> for a great set of LHC links.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>She’s Electric:\u003c/strong> To power a standard light bulb you need 60 Watts (or 15 watts for an equivalent CFL). To power a small house you need an average of about a thousand watts. To run the LHC at full power researchers will need 120 million watts. Alternatively, you could run the LHC, supply electricity to a population the size of Berkeley, or simultaneously bake 60,000 Thanksgiving turkeys. You could only fly three 747 airplanes, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Life in the Fast Lane: \u003c/strong>A fundamental axiom of physics states that no information can travel faster than the speed of light. The LHC’s \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton\">proton\u003c/a> beams are no exception, but their speeds do approach light speed to within a fraction of a millionth of 1 percent. Such velocities defy comprehension. Suffice it to say that if we ever managed to accelerate a person to this velocity, time would warp so much that we could expect her to live for half a million years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Long and Winding Road: \u003c/strong>The LHC’s 17-mile circumference could make it a nice racetrack for a half-marathon, but don’t try racing the beam. When operational, protons will shoot around the LHC more than 11,000 times per second. Even more mind-boggling is the length of wire used in the construction of the LHC’s thousands of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/04/28/superconductivity-an-arsenic-laced-future/\">superconducting\u003c/a> magnets. CERN claims there is enough wire wrapped up in these magnets to trace out more than six trips to the Sun and back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>OK Computer: \u003c/strong>When operational, the LHC is expected to generate 15 petabytes of data and simulations per year, which amounts to the hard drive space of about 30,000 high-end personal computers. At CERN in 1989, Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau revolutionized the world with their \u003ca href=\"http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/About/WebStory-en.html\">development of key pieces in the framework of the World Wide Web\u003c/a>. The networks being developed to manage the LHC’s expected data have inspired talk of a similar revolution to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Whole New World?: \u003c/strong>All of these wonders of physics and engineering have been developed for the purpose of one thing: to create a particle smasher with the capability of knocking two protons together with an energy of 14 TeV (trillions of electron volts). This is about the same energy that it takes to pick a grain of salt up off the floor. Compressed into such an acute space, however, it just might lend us insight into the most fundamental properties of our universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, if they can only get those wires hooked up correctly...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8768 -122.251\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/3950/the-large-hadron-collider-gets-ready-to-spin-again","authors":["10205"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_16"],"tags":["quest_248","quest_536","quest_984","quest_1611","quest_1652","quest_2130","quest_2320","quest_2753","quest_2834","quest_2908"],"label":"quest"},"quest_826":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_826","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"826","score":null,"sort":[1221268345000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-large-hadron-collider-the-who-what-and-where-of-the-why-machine","title":"The Large Hadron Collider: The Who, What and Where of the Why Machine","publishDate":1221268345,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/09/lhc.jpg\">\u003cem>Magnets in the LHC. Photo copyright \u003ca href=\"http://public.web.cern.ch/public/\">CERN\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Unless you live in another dimension, you've heard about the \u003ca href=\"http://lhc.web.cern.ch/lhc/\">Large Hadron Collider\u003c/a> -- a 17-mile underground raceway where, just this week, physicists flipped the ON switch and sent protons looping from France to Switzerland and back again. News coverage has been everywhere: newspapers, magazines, and even an amazingly accurate \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j50ZssEojtM\">rap video\u003c/a> on YouTube. Here's an overview of some good articles and web content about the Large Hadron Collider, to get you up to speed on particle physics. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When protons smash together at velocities approaching the speed of light, tiny short-lived particles are produced. If we can see these particles and learn how they behave, we can answer some pretty important physics questions -- like what, exactly, is mass? The \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/\">Exploratorium\u003c/a> has a great website that explains physics' \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/origins/cern/ideas/index.html\">Standard Model\u003c/a> -- what matter is made of, and how the different components of matter interact. In his \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/12/opinion/12greene.html?_r=1&ref=opinion&oref=slogin\">op-ed piece\u003c/a> in the New York Times, Columbia University physicist Brian Greene describes the particles that physicists are looking for: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/origins/cern/ideas/higgs.html\">Higgs boson\u003c/a>, the supersymmetric particles, and the transdimensional particles. Is there really a fourth dimension? Or a fifth or sixth? We may soon find out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest nickname for the LHC is \"the why machine.\" That moniker originated on the physics blog \u003ca href=\"http://cosmicvariance.com/2008/09/09/live-blogging-the-lhc-startup/\">Cosmic Variance\u003c/a>. Hopefully this feat of engineering will explain why E=mc2. Or, say some, just open up a microscopic black hole that will swallow the entire universe. This is exceedingly unlikely, but, says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2008/09/08/scicern108.xml\">Telegraph\u003c/a>, some scientists have still received death threats from folks concerned about the impending end of the universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These mysterious particles may or may not be linked to the end of the universe, but they were certainly abundant at the beginning, with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/origins/cern/ideas/bang.html\">Big Bang\u003c/a>. To learn more about the Big Bang and the evidence for its occurrence, check out QUEST's \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/251\">interview\u003c/a> with Berkeley physicist George Smoot -- he won the Nobel Prize for detecting and analyzing the Big Bang's leftover radiation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of the Large Hadron Collider were designed and constructed by scientists here in the Bay Area. Scientists from the \u003ca href=\"http://lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a> designed the LHC’s \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/feature-stories/2008/06/12/firing-up-the-lhc/\">distribution feed boxes\u003c/a>, which connect electrical power to the focusing magnets. And scientist from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.slac.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Linear Accelerator Center\u003c/a> designed the \u003ca href=\"http://today.slac.stanford.edu/feature/2008/slac-lhc-pixel.asp\">ATLAS pixel detector\u003c/a>, which, like a giant digital camera, records what happens after particles collide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're more interested in pictures than particles, then check out National Geographic's \u003ca href=\"http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/03/god-particle/achenbach-text\">photos\u003c/a> of the LHC –- it is a beautiful machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.762611 -122.409719\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Here's an overview of some good articles and web content about the Large Hadron Collider, to get you up to speed on particle physics.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1221268345,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":431},"headData":{"title":"The Large Hadron Collider: The Who, What and Where of the Why Machine | KQED","description":"Here's an overview of some good articles and web content about the Large Hadron Collider, to get you up to speed on particle physics.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Large Hadron Collider: The Who, What and Where of the Why Machine","datePublished":"2008-09-13T01:12:25.000Z","dateModified":"2008-09-13T01:12:25.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"826 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=826","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/09/12/the-large-hadron-collider-the-who-what-and-where-of-the-why-machine/","disqusTitle":"The Large Hadron Collider: The Who, What and Where of the Why Machine","path":"/quest/826/the-large-hadron-collider-the-who-what-and-where-of-the-why-machine","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/09/lhc.jpg\">\u003cem>Magnets in the LHC. Photo copyright \u003ca href=\"http://public.web.cern.ch/public/\">CERN\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Unless you live in another dimension, you've heard about the \u003ca href=\"http://lhc.web.cern.ch/lhc/\">Large Hadron Collider\u003c/a> -- a 17-mile underground raceway where, just this week, physicists flipped the ON switch and sent protons looping from France to Switzerland and back again. News coverage has been everywhere: newspapers, magazines, and even an amazingly accurate \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j50ZssEojtM\">rap video\u003c/a> on YouTube. Here's an overview of some good articles and web content about the Large Hadron Collider, to get you up to speed on particle physics. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When protons smash together at velocities approaching the speed of light, tiny short-lived particles are produced. If we can see these particles and learn how they behave, we can answer some pretty important physics questions -- like what, exactly, is mass? The \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/\">Exploratorium\u003c/a> has a great website that explains physics' \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/origins/cern/ideas/index.html\">Standard Model\u003c/a> -- what matter is made of, and how the different components of matter interact. In his \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/12/opinion/12greene.html?_r=1&ref=opinion&oref=slogin\">op-ed piece\u003c/a> in the New York Times, Columbia University physicist Brian Greene describes the particles that physicists are looking for: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/origins/cern/ideas/higgs.html\">Higgs boson\u003c/a>, the supersymmetric particles, and the transdimensional particles. Is there really a fourth dimension? Or a fifth or sixth? We may soon find out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest nickname for the LHC is \"the why machine.\" That moniker originated on the physics blog \u003ca href=\"http://cosmicvariance.com/2008/09/09/live-blogging-the-lhc-startup/\">Cosmic Variance\u003c/a>. Hopefully this feat of engineering will explain why E=mc2. Or, say some, just open up a microscopic black hole that will swallow the entire universe. This is exceedingly unlikely, but, says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2008/09/08/scicern108.xml\">Telegraph\u003c/a>, some scientists have still received death threats from folks concerned about the impending end of the universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These mysterious particles may or may not be linked to the end of the universe, but they were certainly abundant at the beginning, with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/origins/cern/ideas/bang.html\">Big Bang\u003c/a>. To learn more about the Big Bang and the evidence for its occurrence, check out QUEST's \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/251\">interview\u003c/a> with Berkeley physicist George Smoot -- he won the Nobel Prize for detecting and analyzing the Big Bang's leftover radiation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of the Large Hadron Collider were designed and constructed by scientists here in the Bay Area. Scientists from the \u003ca href=\"http://lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a> designed the LHC’s \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/feature-stories/2008/06/12/firing-up-the-lhc/\">distribution feed boxes\u003c/a>, which connect electrical power to the focusing magnets. And scientist from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.slac.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Linear Accelerator Center\u003c/a> designed the \u003ca href=\"http://today.slac.stanford.edu/feature/2008/slac-lhc-pixel.asp\">ATLAS pixel detector\u003c/a>, which, like a giant digital camera, records what happens after particles collide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're more interested in pictures than particles, then check out National Geographic's \u003ca href=\"http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/03/god-particle/achenbach-text\">photos\u003c/a> of the LHC –- it is a beautiful machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.762611 -122.409719\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/826/the-large-hadron-collider-the-who-what-and-where-of-the-why-machine","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_16"],"tags":["quest_316","quest_1204","quest_3351","quest_1611","quest_1624","quest_2130","quest_13205","quest_2349","quest_2772"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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