Technologies Poised to Keep Asian Carp at Bay, Slowed by Challenges
'The Vine That Ate the South' Heads North
QUEST TV: Restoring America's Waters
Battling the Bloom: Lake Erie
Farmers Fight Back Against Toxic Algal Blooms
Troubled Waters: Lake Erie's Plastic Problem
Restoring the Earth's "Kidneys"
Sponsored
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Anne got her SM from MIT’s Graduate Program in Science Writing.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cb2272efe9d1c6b409249b4273bcef1b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["leadcoordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Anne Glausser | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cb2272efe9d1c6b409249b4273bcef1b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cb2272efe9d1c6b409249b4273bcef1b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/anneglausser"},"ehuber":{"type":"authors","id":"10469","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10469","found":true},"name":"Erin Huber","firstName":"Erin","lastName":"Huber","slug":"ehuber","email":"erin@drinklocaldrinktap.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Ms. Huber is a social entrepreneur and the executive director and founder of Drink Local. Drink Tap., Inc. She has a decade-long history of civic engagement, project management, working with youth, mentoring, leadership, volunteerism, environmental stewardship, and academic accomplishments proven by an extensive list of awards and honors. She was recently selected to present at bigBANG! in Cleveland, Ohio, named one of Cleveland’s Most Interesting People of 2012 by Cleveland Magazine, inducted into the 2012 Mentor High School (Ohio) Alumni Hall of Fame, awarded the 2012 Distinguished Alumni Award from the Urban College at Cleveland State University and featured a water action figure by Circle of Blue. Huber is the executive producer of the 2013 documentary, “Making Waves from Cleveland to Uganda“, and advocates for safe water through speaking engagements domestically and designing and building safe water projects globally in east Africa. Her mission is to save our water and save lives. Ms. Huber is a native Northeast Ohioan currently residing in Lakewood, Ohio. She holds the following credentials; Master of Science in Urban Studies: Sustainability Policy and New Economics , Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science: Policy and Planning, Associate of Arts, Associate of Science, and Certificate for Liveroof Installations, Liveroof Inc.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5e7333d697fd44d868da3f7fddea4a33?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Erin Huber | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5e7333d697fd44d868da3f7fddea4a33?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5e7333d697fd44d868da3f7fddea4a33?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ehuber"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_65631":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_65631","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"65631","score":null,"sort":[1395410423000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dredging-up-a-problem","title":"Dredging Up a Problem","publishDate":1395410423,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dredge/Stream/dredgewithfunders.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to maintain open navigation channels for ships, sediment buildup in waterways has to be scooped out periodically through a process known as dredging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68708\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68708\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Great Lakes states, 60 commercial ports rely on this practice. When dredged material is contaminated, it raises questions about how to dispose of it safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/aoc/cuyahoga/\">Cuyahoga River\u003c/a> in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/region2/water/dredge/\">dredging. \u003c/a> The standard practice has been to put the river muck in confined disposal facilities (\u003ca href=\"http://www.iadc-dredging.com/ul/cms/fck-uploaded/documents/PDF%20Facts%20About/facts-about-confined-disposal-facilities.pdf\">CDFs\u003c/a>). But now there’s a controversial new \u003ca href=\"http://wwwapp.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/401Applications/CHD2014/134292-Cuyahoga2014Dredge401application.pdf\">proposal\u003c/a> on the table to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie, a source of drinking water for more than 11 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt are hauled into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.portofcleveland.com/\">Port of Cleveland\u003c/a> and unloaded. This commerce supports more than 17,000 jobs, all of which depend on the shipping channel remaining clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sediment naturally flows downstream with the current, and when it does it clogs things up. To keep the channel open, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usace.army.mil/\">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a> removes enough sediment each year to fill a stadium (approximately 250,000 cubic yards).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is then what to do with the spoils, what to do with what you dredge up from the bottom. So we’ve constantly got this, not ‘Where’s Waldo?’ but ‘Where to Put Waldo?’” said Eric Fitch, an environmental science professor at Marietta College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, it’s been put in confined disposal facilities near the Erie shore. Now the Army Corps, the agency charged with maintaining the nation’s navigation channels, wants to dump it into the open lake instead. Fitch said this might be a reasonable plan, though he’d like to see some pilot testing first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-68714\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\" alt=\"The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">Other Great Lakes harbors\u003c/a> already submerge their dredged material in fresh water. As much as 50 percent of dredged Great Lakes sediment is placed in the open lake, once it is determined to be largely free of contaminants. Some states, including Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, have attempted to ban the practice due to concerns about lingering sediment contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some northeast Ohio residents, environmental groups, and politicians vocally oppose this idea of lake dumping and say it’s an ill-advised cost-cutting measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no idea at this point how it will contaminate the water process [or] what we’ll have to do to add additional chemicals and treatments,” said Cleveland council member Michael Polensek at a recent public hearing held by the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68706\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68706\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Long-time resident George Havens also testified at the meeting. “I’ve been living in Cleveland for 89 years and drinking this water. I’d like to continue to drink it a little bit longer. Dumping anything into the lake is unscientific, unimaginative, uncivilized, and barbaric,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/sediments.html\">Great Lakes basin\u003c/a> has a long history of industrial pollution, and some of those pollutants, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/about.htm\">PCBs\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">PAHs\u003c/a>, heavy metals, DDT, and its metabolite DDE, persist in the buried sediment. Current urban and agricultural runoff also contributes to the problem. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/Portals/45/docs/CivilWorks/PublicReview/ClevelandOpenLakeEA-FinalDraft.pdf\">Army Corps says according to their tests on the Cuyahoga River, the sediment in the proposed dredging location is not as contaminated\u003c/a> as it used to be. But they have faced pushback not only from citizens and NGOs but also from the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day they need to meet the Ohio EPA water quality standards,” said Ohio EPA Northeast Office District Chief Kurt Princic, “and we don’t feel that’s being met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ohio EPA has to sign off on the Army Corps proposal before it can move forward. Princic says they’re concerned because the dredged material would be dumped close to the city’s drinking water intake valves. Fish toxicity is another concern. They also question the methods by which the Army Corps arrived at their conclusion that the sediment is safe enough to put in the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Asquith, dredging program manager for the Army Corps’s Buffalo District, said the sampling methods employed were appropriate for the situation. “All the material there is recent and storm-derived. It’s not a situation where you have legacy contamination over years of material being placed there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Akron geoscientist John Peck reviewed the Corps’s methodology, and is still on the fence about whether this is a good idea or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One outstanding question for him was why didn’t they take samples from deeper down, where they would be dredging? “I just wonder, because you’ll vary the floods, you’ll vary the type of sediment, you’ll vary the contaminants, maybe one should just take a sediment core,” Peck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns like this have environmental groups calling for the Ohio EPA to put the brakes on the plan and allow for further review of the science and a discussion of other disposal options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68735\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr-277x253.jpg\" alt=\"A Common Yellowthroat perches on top of the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River.\" width=\"277\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Common Yellowthroat perches on shrubbery at the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River. Photo by Laura Gooch / Flickr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the Army Corps is required to deal with the material in the least expensive environmentally acceptable manner, there are other options for it. It could be stored more efficiently at the current confined disposal sites and eke out, by some estimates, another 20 years of storage. Or it could be \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/oceandumping/dredgedmaterial/upload/2004_08_20_oceans_regulatory_dumpdredged_framework_techframework.pdf\">remediated\u003c/a> and put to \u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">beneficial use. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Green Bay, Wisconsin, uses dredged material to reconstruct a series of barrier islands, creating habitat for pelicans, cormorants, and other species. Grand Haven, Michigan, mixes their dredged material with composted municipal yard waste to create topsoil. Chicago has also experimented with reuse with their “Mud to Parks” project. At the Port of Duluth-Superior in Minnesota and Wisconsin, dredged material replaces fill dirt on construction sites, and it’s also used in asphalt production. And even Cleveland has a history of putting it to beneficial use: \u003ca href=\"http://ohiodnr.com/Coastal_Main_Menu/PublicAccess/CU_ClevLakefrontNaturePreserve_Dike14/tabid/22784/Default.aspx\">Dike 14 Nature Preserve\u003c/a> is made up of material dredged from the Cuyahoga in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decision is expected from Ohio EPA by the end of March as to whether material from the Cuyahoga River will be allowed in Lake Erie. Rejecting this proposal would send the Army Corps of Engineers back to the drawing board to find another place to put this season’s cache of muck.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Cuyahoga River in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent dredging to keep the shipping channels open. Now a controversial new proposal to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie has residents worried about contamination of the public water supply. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442699329,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1191},"headData":{"title":"Dredging Up a Problem | KQED","description":"The Cuyahoga River in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent dredging to keep the shipping channels open. Now a controversial new proposal to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie has residents worried about contamination of the public water supply. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Dredging Up a Problem","datePublished":"2014-03-21T14:00:23.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T21:48:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"65631 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=65631","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/21/dredging-up-a-problem/","disqusTitle":"Dredging Up a Problem","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/65631/dredging-up-a-problem","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dredge/Stream/dredgewithfunders.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dredge/Stream/dredgewithfunders.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to maintain open navigation channels for ships, sediment buildup in waterways has to be scooped out periodically through a process known as dredging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68708\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68708\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Great Lakes states, 60 commercial ports rely on this practice. When dredged material is contaminated, it raises questions about how to dispose of it safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/aoc/cuyahoga/\">Cuyahoga River\u003c/a> in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/region2/water/dredge/\">dredging. \u003c/a> The standard practice has been to put the river muck in confined disposal facilities (\u003ca href=\"http://www.iadc-dredging.com/ul/cms/fck-uploaded/documents/PDF%20Facts%20About/facts-about-confined-disposal-facilities.pdf\">CDFs\u003c/a>). But now there’s a controversial new \u003ca href=\"http://wwwapp.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/401Applications/CHD2014/134292-Cuyahoga2014Dredge401application.pdf\">proposal\u003c/a> on the table to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie, a source of drinking water for more than 11 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt are hauled into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.portofcleveland.com/\">Port of Cleveland\u003c/a> and unloaded. This commerce supports more than 17,000 jobs, all of which depend on the shipping channel remaining clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sediment naturally flows downstream with the current, and when it does it clogs things up. To keep the channel open, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usace.army.mil/\">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a> removes enough sediment each year to fill a stadium (approximately 250,000 cubic yards).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is then what to do with the spoils, what to do with what you dredge up from the bottom. So we’ve constantly got this, not ‘Where’s Waldo?’ but ‘Where to Put Waldo?’” said Eric Fitch, an environmental science professor at Marietta College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, it’s been put in confined disposal facilities near the Erie shore. Now the Army Corps, the agency charged with maintaining the nation’s navigation channels, wants to dump it into the open lake instead. Fitch said this might be a reasonable plan, though he’d like to see some pilot testing first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-68714\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\" alt=\"The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">Other Great Lakes harbors\u003c/a> already submerge their dredged material in fresh water. As much as 50 percent of dredged Great Lakes sediment is placed in the open lake, once it is determined to be largely free of contaminants. Some states, including Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, have attempted to ban the practice due to concerns about lingering sediment contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some northeast Ohio residents, environmental groups, and politicians vocally oppose this idea of lake dumping and say it’s an ill-advised cost-cutting measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no idea at this point how it will contaminate the water process [or] what we’ll have to do to add additional chemicals and treatments,” said Cleveland council member Michael Polensek at a recent public hearing held by the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68706\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68706\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Long-time resident George Havens also testified at the meeting. “I’ve been living in Cleveland for 89 years and drinking this water. I’d like to continue to drink it a little bit longer. Dumping anything into the lake is unscientific, unimaginative, uncivilized, and barbaric,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/sediments.html\">Great Lakes basin\u003c/a> has a long history of industrial pollution, and some of those pollutants, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/about.htm\">PCBs\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">PAHs\u003c/a>, heavy metals, DDT, and its metabolite DDE, persist in the buried sediment. Current urban and agricultural runoff also contributes to the problem. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/Portals/45/docs/CivilWorks/PublicReview/ClevelandOpenLakeEA-FinalDraft.pdf\">Army Corps says according to their tests on the Cuyahoga River, the sediment in the proposed dredging location is not as contaminated\u003c/a> as it used to be. But they have faced pushback not only from citizens and NGOs but also from the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day they need to meet the Ohio EPA water quality standards,” said Ohio EPA Northeast Office District Chief Kurt Princic, “and we don’t feel that’s being met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ohio EPA has to sign off on the Army Corps proposal before it can move forward. Princic says they’re concerned because the dredged material would be dumped close to the city’s drinking water intake valves. Fish toxicity is another concern. They also question the methods by which the Army Corps arrived at their conclusion that the sediment is safe enough to put in the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Asquith, dredging program manager for the Army Corps’s Buffalo District, said the sampling methods employed were appropriate for the situation. “All the material there is recent and storm-derived. It’s not a situation where you have legacy contamination over years of material being placed there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Akron geoscientist John Peck reviewed the Corps’s methodology, and is still on the fence about whether this is a good idea or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One outstanding question for him was why didn’t they take samples from deeper down, where they would be dredging? “I just wonder, because you’ll vary the floods, you’ll vary the type of sediment, you’ll vary the contaminants, maybe one should just take a sediment core,” Peck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns like this have environmental groups calling for the Ohio EPA to put the brakes on the plan and allow for further review of the science and a discussion of other disposal options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68735\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr-277x253.jpg\" alt=\"A Common Yellowthroat perches on top of the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River.\" width=\"277\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Common Yellowthroat perches on shrubbery at the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River. Photo by Laura Gooch / Flickr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the Army Corps is required to deal with the material in the least expensive environmentally acceptable manner, there are other options for it. It could be stored more efficiently at the current confined disposal sites and eke out, by some estimates, another 20 years of storage. Or it could be \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/oceandumping/dredgedmaterial/upload/2004_08_20_oceans_regulatory_dumpdredged_framework_techframework.pdf\">remediated\u003c/a> and put to \u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">beneficial use. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Green Bay, Wisconsin, uses dredged material to reconstruct a series of barrier islands, creating habitat for pelicans, cormorants, and other species. Grand Haven, Michigan, mixes their dredged material with composted municipal yard waste to create topsoil. Chicago has also experimented with reuse with their “Mud to Parks” project. At the Port of Duluth-Superior in Minnesota and Wisconsin, dredged material replaces fill dirt on construction sites, and it’s also used in asphalt production. And even Cleveland has a history of putting it to beneficial use: \u003ca href=\"http://ohiodnr.com/Coastal_Main_Menu/PublicAccess/CU_ClevLakefrontNaturePreserve_Dike14/tabid/22784/Default.aspx\">Dike 14 Nature Preserve\u003c/a> is made up of material dredged from the Cuyahoga in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decision is expected from Ohio EPA by the end of March as to whether material from the Cuyahoga River will be allowed in Lake Erie. Rejecting this proposal would send the Army Corps of Engineers back to the drawing board to find another place to put this season’s cache of muck.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/65631/dredging-up-a-problem","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_8","quest_9","quest_12","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12760","quest_252","quest_12021","quest_688","quest_12757","quest_3541","quest_10167","quest_883","quest_12269","quest_10201","quest_1339","quest_10327","quest_12758","quest_12098","quest_12638","quest_2141","quest_9868","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_10429","quest_2576","quest_12759","quest_12212"],"featImg":"quest_68713","label":"source_quest_65631"},"quest_65653":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_65653","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"65653","score":null,"sort":[1391007649000]},"guestAuthors":[{"ID":"64479","displayName":"Hannah Weinberger","firstName":"Hannah","lastName":"Weinberger","userLogin":"hannah-weinberger","userEmail":"Hannah.Weinberger@ideastream.org","linkedAccount":"hweinberger","website":"","aim":"","yahooim":"","jabber":"","description":"Hannah Weinberger, a May 2013 graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and native Clevelander, is QUEST Ohio’s jack-of-all-trades intern. Despite majoring in Mandarin Chinese, Hannah developed an interest in journalism that solidified during an internship with CNN. Hannah joined QUEST after completing a writing fellowship with multimedia journalism lab Powering a Nation, in which she investigated water use along the Colorado River. When not chasing down a lead, Hannah plays guitar, explores the Cleveland Metroparks and restrains herself from petting woodland creatures.","userNicename":"hannah-weinberger","type":"guest-author"}],"slug":"technologies-poised-to-keep-asian-carp-at-bay-slowed-by-challenges","title":"Technologies Poised to Keep Asian Carp at Bay, Slowed by Challenges","publishDate":1391007649,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Technologies Poised to Keep Asian Carp at Bay, Slowed by Challenges | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Listening to scientists discuss the challenges presented by invasive Asian carp, you could easily confuse these conversations for war-room strategy sessions. Through a series of verbal exchanges peppered with tactical-grade language and anxiety, the consensus is that methods used to prevent bighead and silver carp from establishing themselves in the Great Lakes have so far been insufficient. While some of the strategies and techniques were innovative, there are questions about whether they were introduced too slowly to be effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Asian carp enter the Great Lakes, the region risks threats to its biodiversity, its $7 billion fishing industry, and the tourism industry dependent upon it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=3270\">Desperate for solutions\u003c/a>, engineers have dreamed up everything from underwater electroshock barriers, to walls of carbon dioxide bubbles, to chemicals that would kill only carp when ingested. Some have even campaigned for \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/22/asian-carp-antihunger-pro_n_975647.html\">eating the bony fish out of existence\u003c/a> by \u003ca href=\"http://research.noaa.gov/News/NewsArchive/LatestNews/TabId/684/ArtMID/1768/ArticleID/10205/Invasive-Fish-Becomes-Nutritious-Dish-for-Haitians-in-Need.aspx\">donating them to the hungry\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Necessity is the mother of invention, right?” says \u003ca href=\"http://ohioseagrant.osu.edu/outreach/extension/tgabriel/\">Tory Gabriel\u003c/a>, fisheries outreach coordinator for \u003ca href=\"http://ohioseagrant.osu.edu/\">Ohio Sea Grant\u003c/a>. “It’s sad we’re at this point where it is so pressing, but we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cleveland.com/nation/index.ssf/2011/08/asian_carp_ruling_appeals_cour.html\">Courts have been ruling against \u003c/a>drastic anti-carp measures for a while, saying that the fish weren’t close enough to the Great Lakes to require them. However, there are indications that some carp may have made it north to Chicago and Lake Erie. A few \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/fisheries/eDNA.html\">eDNA hits\u003c/a> — that is, DNA sifted from water samples — have shown up in places like Sandusky Bay and the Maumee River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, the measures put in place so far throughout the water systems — permeable underwater wire gates and electroshock barriers being the most common — have been deemed insufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recently released a 232-page report outlining eight strategies for controlling 13 aquatic nuisance species (ANS), including the carp. The report focused on the Chicago Area Water System (CAWS), where a man-made connection between the Mississippi and Great Lakes water systems presents the easiest pathway for carp into the Great Lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66478\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/CAWS-allbarriers-2250pxw.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-66478 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/CAWS-allbarriers-2250pxw-448x360.jpg\" alt=\"The Chicago Area Waterway System, determined to be the easiest way for Asian carp to enter the Great Lakes. Credit: Greats Lakes Commission.\" width=\"403\" height=\"324\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Chicago Area Waterway System, determined to be the easiest way for Asian carp to enter the Great Lakes. Credit: Greats Lakes Commission. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even the least intensive option, a mix of chemical and biological technologies, would require 25 years and as much as a staggering $18 billion to complete, mostly due to costs involved with r\u003ca href=\"http://www.jsonline.com/news/opinion/closing-the-chicago-canal-is-still-the-best-option-for-great-lakes-b99179382z1-239185171.html\">edesigning sewage systems in Chicago\u003c/a>. Risk-reduction estimates at 5, 25, and even 50 years are speckled with asterisks showing that ANS colonies are still likely during earlier stages of construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Twenty-five years is unacceptable,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatlakes.org/Document.Doc?id=1017\">Jared Teutsch\u003c/a> of the Alliance for the Great Lakes, a nonprofit collective of scientists and educators. “We need urgency and a process to move forward quickly to stop the spread of Asian carp and other aquatic invasive species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unfortunate twist, the Army Corps’ long-awaited \u003ca href=\"http://glmris.anl.gov/documents/docs/glmrisreport/GLMRIS_Report.pdf\">Great Lakes and Mississippi River Interbasin Study\u003c/a> (GLMRIS) was released in the wake of \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/Portals/36/docs/projects/ans/docs/Fish-Barge%20Interaction%20and%20DIDSON%20at%20electric%20barriers%20-%2012202013.pdf\">reports from within its own department\u003c/a> that the last line of defense against the carps’ invasion of the Great Lakes — an \u003ca href=\"http://acwi.gov/monitoring/webinars/CAWS_AsianCarp_20111013.pdf\">electric dispersal barrier\u003c/a> at the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal in the CAWS — has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleveland.com/outdoors/index.ssf/2013/12/asian_carp_report_due_jan_6_bu.html\">ineffective\u003c/a> at keeping carp at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Reel Big Problems: Anti-Carp Technology\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Great Lakes residents have watched apprehensively ever since the imported fish began heading north. The carp’s voracious appetite for algae and animal plankton made it an environmentally friendly cleanup tool for dirty fish farms along the Mississippi, but that same appetite makes it lethal to competing native fish species and the lakes themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asian carp eat low on the food chain but can weigh up to 100 pounds, outcompeting smaller fish. Worse, there are some indications the invasive fish could \u003ca href=\"http://www.miseagrant.umich.edu/downloads/ais/10-750-fs-asian-carp.pdf\">aggravate the harmful algal blooms\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/battling-the-bloom-lake-erie/\">plague many of the Great Lakes\u003c/a>. Some noxious blue-green algae have protective coatings that allow them to \u003ca href=\"http://seagrant.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/invasive-species/toolkit/asian-carp-factsheet.html\">survive the carps’ digestive process\u003c/a> while accessing nutrients picked up during filter feeding. Bighead and silver carp have no natural predators, and researchers estimate it would only take 10 of these carp to start a spawning population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asian carp \u003ca href=\"http://www.watershedcouncil.org/learn/aquatic%20invasive%20species/asian-carp/detailed-timeline/\">started creeping north\u003c/a> after escaping from fisheries along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers during floods in 1993. Today, Asian carp make up 90 percent of the fish biomass in the Mississippi water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They breed like mosquitos and eat like hogs,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoec.org/contact/kristy-meyer-ms\">Kristy Meyer\u003c/a>, managing director of agricultural and clean water programs for the Ohio Environmental Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of this is good news for Lake Erie, a lake whose history brims with biblically sized algal blooms and that produces \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/ohio/statements/2012/mar/22/marcy-kaptur/rep-marcy-kaptur-says-lake-erie-has-more-native-fi/\">over 50 percent of all Great Lakes game fish\u003c/a> — supporting an \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoec.org/LakeErie\">$11.5 billion tourism industry\u003c/a> and 117,000 jobs in Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of this, engineers have been encouraged to develop just about any solution to keep carp at bay — or out of one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such solution was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20131223/METRO06/312230088\">electric barrier\u003c/a> in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, which was meant to keep Asian carp from swimming through the CAWS and into Lake Michigan. Of the identified 18 points of entry into the Great Lakes, the Army Corps believes the CAWS point is the most critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The barrier consists of three electrodes arranged in a line. These electrodes power a barrier much like an electric fence for dogs. Fish swimming into it receive an electric shock sufficient enough to stun them and keep them out — in theory. According to a report issued by the Army Corps in December, 2013, the barrier is effective against adult carp, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/report-fish-swim-past-electric-barrier-meant-to-block-asian-carp-b99170326z1-237051941.html\">smaller fish of two to four inches long were able to find a loophole.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66449\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1673px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-66449\" title=\"Credit: Hannah Weinberger, ideastream\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp.jpg\" alt=\"AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp\" width=\"1673\" height=\"941\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1673px) 100vw, 1673px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Credit: Hannah Weinberger, ideastream. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Every day, dozens of barges sweep up and down the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal; and when something as large, dense, and metallic as a barge passes through, the “electric fence” is temporarily disrupted. Disruptions have been significant enough that other fish species have been able to swim through the barrier alongside or in the wake of barges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same report notes the electrical field might not even be strong enough to incapacitate fish, despite the fact that its voltage had already been cranked up once before, in 2011. Also, power outages are a concern: an outage in 2012 put the barrier out of commission for 45 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the first time this kind of technology has failed. In the early 2000s it was used to try to get rid of gobies in the Great Lakes, another invasive aquatic species. But by the time the Army Corps of Engineers erected the barrier’s electrode system, the gobies had already infiltrated the Mississippi water system via Lake Michigan. Due to slow implementation, the barrier was never truly put to the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Debating the Best Defense\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>With carp gaining on our best defenses, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleveland.com/opinion/index.ssf/2014/01/cleveland_to_corps_get_er_done.html\">many environmentalists are concerned\u003c/a> that the GLMRIS study wasn’t intended to lead to a decision directly, and that it’s still possible that nothing will be done to combat carp at the federal level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The Corps’] task from Congress was just to come up with possible scenarios,” clarifies Christopher Winslow, assistant director of the Ohio Sea Grant program. “So even in the GLMRIS report, all they’re saying is, ‘these seem like logical and feasible approaches.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, already years in the making, leaves room for ambiguity about actual execution of the plans — only 5 percent of each of the eight options has been designed. Meyer worries this will stagnate the construction process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to see them now say, ‘Okay, well, let’s select [a plan] and do a few more years of the study to make sure that it’s even feasible,’” Meyer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a big risk to take when plans require billions in funding. Still, an appropriate plan may pay off in the long term. Recent studies suggest that controlling the spread of invasive species already present in the Great Lakes can cost \u003ca href=\"http://news.nd.edu/news/29875-new-paper-assigns-dollar-figure-to-cost-from-ship-borne-invasive-species-to-the-great-lakes/\">up to $800 million annually\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just like in medicine — prevention is worth a pound of cure,” Winslow says. “Once they get in here … it might ultimately be less expensive to write that price tag off now than it would be to incur the annual upkeep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists aren’t endorsing irresponsibility, but they do want action, and they worry that now is not the time for strict protocol or evaluation of every possible technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of all the methods presented, the most experimental involves a device called the GLMRIS Lock. Barges traveling between water systems would enter a lock, have all the water with them drained, and then pass into a bed of treated, clean water. It’s also the plan that gives most pause to environmentalists like \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/ohio/facesofconservation/john-stark.xml\">John Stark\u003c/a>, freshwater director of the Ohio arm of The Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66475\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 336px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/asian-jumping-fish.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-66475 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/asian-jumping-fish-420x360.jpg\" alt=\"Incredibly bony heavy, Asian carp have been known to injure boaters and waterskiiers when they jump from the water. Credit: Louisville USACE.\" width=\"336\" height=\"288\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Incredibly bony heavy, Asian carp have been known to injure boaters and water skiers when they jump from the water. Credit: Louisville USACE.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“My concern is, when you read the description of what they would have to do and the system that would supply it, it seems to me there’s all kinds of areas where that system could potentially fail,” Stark says. Between dependence on electricity, the prospect of mixing treatment chemicals incorrectly, and pipes breaking, Stark doesn’t see the lock as a sustainable choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Building Barriers that Work\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Two solutions proposed in the GLMRIS report reflect the calls of activists and some scientists by including a sought-after mechanism: complete division of the Mississippi and Great Lakes water systems at critical entry points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not even just for Asian carp — you want to separate these two basins as much as possible for all invasives, ones that are there now and ones that might be in the future,” Tory Gabriel of Ohio Sea Grant says. “But ideally the best thing would be to physically separate the two watersheds, like they were naturally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While technological prototypes abound, hydrologic separation calls for a simple earthen-and-concrete barrier built up between water systems. Locks, bubble jets, and electroshock barriers offer possibilities of migration, but it’s pretty hard to swim through solid ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barriers are much more sustainable and less involved than other suggested technologies, says The Nature Conservancy’s John Stark. They aren’t simple to build, but they don’t require as much upkeep or engineering as pipe systems and treatment plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The trick with the barrier itself is that they’ll have to physically move cargo from one side of the barrier to the other, and potentially boats,” Stark says. “Nothing is going to be absolutely 100 percent, but this [hydrologic] barrier’s probably as close as you can get.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to complete hydrologic separation in the CAWS — the most critical entry point between the Mississippi and Great Lakes — Chicago would have to \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlanticcities.com/politics/2014/01/century-later-expensive-lesson-reversing-chicago-river/8069/\">redirect its entire septic and water system \u003c/a>back toward Lake Michigan. The only reason the two water systems connect at all is because the city redirected the flow a century ago for septic purposes. But with significant shipping interest in the city today, it has been difficult to pass barrier legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s easy to say that you could just go in and physically separate any water that connects the two basins, …but it’s never that easy,” Winslow says. “There’s always conflict of interest and different user groups, and money’s always an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one thing is clear: while people debate the pros and cons of creating new barriers, Asian carp continue to barrel through existing ones.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In response to the major threats posed to the Great Lakes by invasive Asian carp, engineers have developed devices to keep them out, but delays in deciding how to implement them might give the fish an edge.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1694194542,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":2018},"headData":{"title":"Technologies Poised to Keep Asian Carp at Bay, Slowed by Challenges | KQED","description":"In response to the major threats posed to the Great Lakes by invasive Asian carp, engineers have developed devices to keep them out, but delays in deciding how to implement them might give the fish an edge.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Technologies Poised to Keep Asian Carp at Bay, Slowed by Challenges","datePublished":"2014-01-29T15:00:49.000Z","dateModified":"2023-09-08T17:35:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/65653/technologies-poised-to-keep-asian-carp-at-bay-slowed-by-challenges","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Listening to scientists discuss the challenges presented by invasive Asian carp, you could easily confuse these conversations for war-room strategy sessions. Through a series of verbal exchanges peppered with tactical-grade language and anxiety, the consensus is that methods used to prevent bighead and silver carp from establishing themselves in the Great Lakes have so far been insufficient. While some of the strategies and techniques were innovative, there are questions about whether they were introduced too slowly to be effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Asian carp enter the Great Lakes, the region risks threats to its biodiversity, its $7 billion fishing industry, and the tourism industry dependent upon it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=3270\">Desperate for solutions\u003c/a>, engineers have dreamed up everything from underwater electroshock barriers, to walls of carbon dioxide bubbles, to chemicals that would kill only carp when ingested. Some have even campaigned for \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/22/asian-carp-antihunger-pro_n_975647.html\">eating the bony fish out of existence\u003c/a> by \u003ca href=\"http://research.noaa.gov/News/NewsArchive/LatestNews/TabId/684/ArtMID/1768/ArticleID/10205/Invasive-Fish-Becomes-Nutritious-Dish-for-Haitians-in-Need.aspx\">donating them to the hungry\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Necessity is the mother of invention, right?” says \u003ca href=\"http://ohioseagrant.osu.edu/outreach/extension/tgabriel/\">Tory Gabriel\u003c/a>, fisheries outreach coordinator for \u003ca href=\"http://ohioseagrant.osu.edu/\">Ohio Sea Grant\u003c/a>. “It’s sad we’re at this point where it is so pressing, but we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cleveland.com/nation/index.ssf/2011/08/asian_carp_ruling_appeals_cour.html\">Courts have been ruling against \u003c/a>drastic anti-carp measures for a while, saying that the fish weren’t close enough to the Great Lakes to require them. However, there are indications that some carp may have made it north to Chicago and Lake Erie. A few \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/fisheries/eDNA.html\">eDNA hits\u003c/a> — that is, DNA sifted from water samples — have shown up in places like Sandusky Bay and the Maumee River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, the measures put in place so far throughout the water systems — permeable underwater wire gates and electroshock barriers being the most common — have been deemed insufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recently released a 232-page report outlining eight strategies for controlling 13 aquatic nuisance species (ANS), including the carp. The report focused on the Chicago Area Water System (CAWS), where a man-made connection between the Mississippi and Great Lakes water systems presents the easiest pathway for carp into the Great Lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66478\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/CAWS-allbarriers-2250pxw.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-66478 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/CAWS-allbarriers-2250pxw-448x360.jpg\" alt=\"The Chicago Area Waterway System, determined to be the easiest way for Asian carp to enter the Great Lakes. Credit: Greats Lakes Commission.\" width=\"403\" height=\"324\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Chicago Area Waterway System, determined to be the easiest way for Asian carp to enter the Great Lakes. Credit: Greats Lakes Commission. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even the least intensive option, a mix of chemical and biological technologies, would require 25 years and as much as a staggering $18 billion to complete, mostly due to costs involved with r\u003ca href=\"http://www.jsonline.com/news/opinion/closing-the-chicago-canal-is-still-the-best-option-for-great-lakes-b99179382z1-239185171.html\">edesigning sewage systems in Chicago\u003c/a>. Risk-reduction estimates at 5, 25, and even 50 years are speckled with asterisks showing that ANS colonies are still likely during earlier stages of construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Twenty-five years is unacceptable,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatlakes.org/Document.Doc?id=1017\">Jared Teutsch\u003c/a> of the Alliance for the Great Lakes, a nonprofit collective of scientists and educators. “We need urgency and a process to move forward quickly to stop the spread of Asian carp and other aquatic invasive species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unfortunate twist, the Army Corps’ long-awaited \u003ca href=\"http://glmris.anl.gov/documents/docs/glmrisreport/GLMRIS_Report.pdf\">Great Lakes and Mississippi River Interbasin Study\u003c/a> (GLMRIS) was released in the wake of \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/Portals/36/docs/projects/ans/docs/Fish-Barge%20Interaction%20and%20DIDSON%20at%20electric%20barriers%20-%2012202013.pdf\">reports from within its own department\u003c/a> that the last line of defense against the carps’ invasion of the Great Lakes — an \u003ca href=\"http://acwi.gov/monitoring/webinars/CAWS_AsianCarp_20111013.pdf\">electric dispersal barrier\u003c/a> at the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal in the CAWS — has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleveland.com/outdoors/index.ssf/2013/12/asian_carp_report_due_jan_6_bu.html\">ineffective\u003c/a> at keeping carp at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Reel Big Problems: Anti-Carp Technology\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Great Lakes residents have watched apprehensively ever since the imported fish began heading north. The carp’s voracious appetite for algae and animal plankton made it an environmentally friendly cleanup tool for dirty fish farms along the Mississippi, but that same appetite makes it lethal to competing native fish species and the lakes themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asian carp eat low on the food chain but can weigh up to 100 pounds, outcompeting smaller fish. Worse, there are some indications the invasive fish could \u003ca href=\"http://www.miseagrant.umich.edu/downloads/ais/10-750-fs-asian-carp.pdf\">aggravate the harmful algal blooms\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/battling-the-bloom-lake-erie/\">plague many of the Great Lakes\u003c/a>. Some noxious blue-green algae have protective coatings that allow them to \u003ca href=\"http://seagrant.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/invasive-species/toolkit/asian-carp-factsheet.html\">survive the carps’ digestive process\u003c/a> while accessing nutrients picked up during filter feeding. Bighead and silver carp have no natural predators, and researchers estimate it would only take 10 of these carp to start a spawning population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asian carp \u003ca href=\"http://www.watershedcouncil.org/learn/aquatic%20invasive%20species/asian-carp/detailed-timeline/\">started creeping north\u003c/a> after escaping from fisheries along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers during floods in 1993. Today, Asian carp make up 90 percent of the fish biomass in the Mississippi water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They breed like mosquitos and eat like hogs,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoec.org/contact/kristy-meyer-ms\">Kristy Meyer\u003c/a>, managing director of agricultural and clean water programs for the Ohio Environmental Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of this is good news for Lake Erie, a lake whose history brims with biblically sized algal blooms and that produces \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/ohio/statements/2012/mar/22/marcy-kaptur/rep-marcy-kaptur-says-lake-erie-has-more-native-fi/\">over 50 percent of all Great Lakes game fish\u003c/a> — supporting an \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoec.org/LakeErie\">$11.5 billion tourism industry\u003c/a> and 117,000 jobs in Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of this, engineers have been encouraged to develop just about any solution to keep carp at bay — or out of one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such solution was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20131223/METRO06/312230088\">electric barrier\u003c/a> in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, which was meant to keep Asian carp from swimming through the CAWS and into Lake Michigan. Of the identified 18 points of entry into the Great Lakes, the Army Corps believes the CAWS point is the most critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The barrier consists of three electrodes arranged in a line. These electrodes power a barrier much like an electric fence for dogs. Fish swimming into it receive an electric shock sufficient enough to stun them and keep them out — in theory. According to a report issued by the Army Corps in December, 2013, the barrier is effective against adult carp, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/report-fish-swim-past-electric-barrier-meant-to-block-asian-carp-b99170326z1-237051941.html\">smaller fish of two to four inches long were able to find a loophole.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66449\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1673px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-66449\" title=\"Credit: Hannah Weinberger, ideastream\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp.jpg\" alt=\"AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp\" width=\"1673\" height=\"941\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1673px) 100vw, 1673px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Credit: Hannah Weinberger, ideastream. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Every day, dozens of barges sweep up and down the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal; and when something as large, dense, and metallic as a barge passes through, the “electric fence” is temporarily disrupted. Disruptions have been significant enough that other fish species have been able to swim through the barrier alongside or in the wake of barges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same report notes the electrical field might not even be strong enough to incapacitate fish, despite the fact that its voltage had already been cranked up once before, in 2011. Also, power outages are a concern: an outage in 2012 put the barrier out of commission for 45 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the first time this kind of technology has failed. In the early 2000s it was used to try to get rid of gobies in the Great Lakes, another invasive aquatic species. But by the time the Army Corps of Engineers erected the barrier’s electrode system, the gobies had already infiltrated the Mississippi water system via Lake Michigan. Due to slow implementation, the barrier was never truly put to the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Debating the Best Defense\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>With carp gaining on our best defenses, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleveland.com/opinion/index.ssf/2014/01/cleveland_to_corps_get_er_done.html\">many environmentalists are concerned\u003c/a> that the GLMRIS study wasn’t intended to lead to a decision directly, and that it’s still possible that nothing will be done to combat carp at the federal level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The Corps’] task from Congress was just to come up with possible scenarios,” clarifies Christopher Winslow, assistant director of the Ohio Sea Grant program. “So even in the GLMRIS report, all they’re saying is, ‘these seem like logical and feasible approaches.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, already years in the making, leaves room for ambiguity about actual execution of the plans — only 5 percent of each of the eight options has been designed. Meyer worries this will stagnate the construction process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to see them now say, ‘Okay, well, let’s select [a plan] and do a few more years of the study to make sure that it’s even feasible,’” Meyer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a big risk to take when plans require billions in funding. Still, an appropriate plan may pay off in the long term. Recent studies suggest that controlling the spread of invasive species already present in the Great Lakes can cost \u003ca href=\"http://news.nd.edu/news/29875-new-paper-assigns-dollar-figure-to-cost-from-ship-borne-invasive-species-to-the-great-lakes/\">up to $800 million annually\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just like in medicine — prevention is worth a pound of cure,” Winslow says. “Once they get in here … it might ultimately be less expensive to write that price tag off now than it would be to incur the annual upkeep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists aren’t endorsing irresponsibility, but they do want action, and they worry that now is not the time for strict protocol or evaluation of every possible technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of all the methods presented, the most experimental involves a device called the GLMRIS Lock. Barges traveling between water systems would enter a lock, have all the water with them drained, and then pass into a bed of treated, clean water. It’s also the plan that gives most pause to environmentalists like \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/ohio/facesofconservation/john-stark.xml\">John Stark\u003c/a>, freshwater director of the Ohio arm of The Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66475\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 336px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/asian-jumping-fish.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-66475 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/asian-jumping-fish-420x360.jpg\" alt=\"Incredibly bony heavy, Asian carp have been known to injure boaters and waterskiiers when they jump from the water. Credit: Louisville USACE.\" width=\"336\" height=\"288\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Incredibly bony heavy, Asian carp have been known to injure boaters and water skiers when they jump from the water. Credit: Louisville USACE.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“My concern is, when you read the description of what they would have to do and the system that would supply it, it seems to me there’s all kinds of areas where that system could potentially fail,” Stark says. Between dependence on electricity, the prospect of mixing treatment chemicals incorrectly, and pipes breaking, Stark doesn’t see the lock as a sustainable choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Building Barriers that Work\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Two solutions proposed in the GLMRIS report reflect the calls of activists and some scientists by including a sought-after mechanism: complete division of the Mississippi and Great Lakes water systems at critical entry points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not even just for Asian carp — you want to separate these two basins as much as possible for all invasives, ones that are there now and ones that might be in the future,” Tory Gabriel of Ohio Sea Grant says. “But ideally the best thing would be to physically separate the two watersheds, like they were naturally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While technological prototypes abound, hydrologic separation calls for a simple earthen-and-concrete barrier built up between water systems. Locks, bubble jets, and electroshock barriers offer possibilities of migration, but it’s pretty hard to swim through solid ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barriers are much more sustainable and less involved than other suggested technologies, says The Nature Conservancy’s John Stark. They aren’t simple to build, but they don’t require as much upkeep or engineering as pipe systems and treatment plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The trick with the barrier itself is that they’ll have to physically move cargo from one side of the barrier to the other, and potentially boats,” Stark says. “Nothing is going to be absolutely 100 percent, but this [hydrologic] barrier’s probably as close as you can get.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to complete hydrologic separation in the CAWS — the most critical entry point between the Mississippi and Great Lakes — Chicago would have to \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlanticcities.com/politics/2014/01/century-later-expensive-lesson-reversing-chicago-river/8069/\">redirect its entire septic and water system \u003c/a>back toward Lake Michigan. The only reason the two water systems connect at all is because the city redirected the flow a century ago for septic purposes. But with significant shipping interest in the city today, it has been difficult to pass barrier legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s easy to say that you could just go in and physically separate any water that connects the two basins, …but it’s never that easy,” Winslow says. “There’s always conflict of interest and different user groups, and money’s always an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one thing is clear: while people debate the pros and cons of creating new barriers, Asian carp continue to barrel through existing ones.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/65653/technologies-poised-to-keep-asian-carp-at-bay-slowed-by-challenges","authors":["64479"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_10200","quest_326","quest_12269","quest_12577","quest_12576","quest_10327","quest_1489","quest_12098","quest_10429","quest_12575"],"label":"source_quest_65653"},"quest_60182":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_60182","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"60182","score":null,"sort":[1385737239000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-vine-that-ate-the-south-heads-north","title":"'The Vine That Ate the South' Heads North","publishDate":1385737239,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/kudzu/Stream/kudzu+11.19+with+intro+and+funder+mp3.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Pic1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-64034\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Pic1.jpg\" alt=\"Kudzu is an invasive vine that's prevalent in the South, but now many Northern states have it as well. This is a patch in the Collinwood neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Pic1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Pic1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kudzu is an invasive vine that's prevalent in the South, but now many Northern states have it as well. This is a patch in the Collinwood neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Say the word “kudzu” to anyone from the South and they’ll probably know what you’re talking about. That’s because in states like Georgia and Alabama the invasive vine known as kudzu covers roadsides, chokes forests, brings down power lines, and blankets entire buildings. It’s made its way into country songs, becoming a metaphor for clingy love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kudzu’s twined itself into Southern culture, but it’s a big environmental headache, causing crop and property damage and loss of biodiversity. And now the vine’s coming north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64040\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_2781.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64040\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_2781-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Kudzu was originally brought over from Asia as an ornamental.\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kudzu was originally brought over from Asia as an ornamental.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s even made it to northeast Ohio, where people didn’t expect it would survive the harsh winters. I went to check out one rogue patch in the Collinwood neighborhood of Cleveland, near Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this rundown urban lot, the vine has worked its way up the power line and along the fencing and onto the nearby business and over the trees clear to people’s homes. Kudzu’s all over here -- just a sea of green in this gravel parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quite an eyeful. Amy Stone, with the Ohio State University Extension invasive species team, said this spot and others like it worry her because kudzu’s an aggressive, invasive, non-native species that’s caused a lot of grief down South. “It’s also known as the ‘vine that swallowed the South,’ or the ‘vine that ate the South.’ And so just imagine this kind of on steroids everywhere,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64038\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Kudzu-in-Chesapeake-OH-Credit-Eric-Boyda.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64038\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Kudzu-in-Chesapeake-OH-Credit-Eric-Boyda-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"In southern Ohio, kudzu stands take over whole hillsides, like this one in Chesapeake, OH. Credit: Eric Boyda, \" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Southern Ohio, kudzu stands take over whole hillsides, like this one in Chesapeake, OH. Credit: Eric Boyda,\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers aren’t entirely sure why the vine is extending its northern reach, but many attribute it to\u003ca href=\"http://unfccc.int/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/climate_change_information_kit/items/288.php\"> warmer winters from climate change.\u003c/a> “We thought maybe it wouldn’t be hardy here,” said Stone. But due to changing weather conditions and a longer growing season, she said we may be able to see flowering and seeding of the vine, which would spread it even faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/pumo1.htm\">Kudzu\u003c/a> can grow a foot a day -- up to 60 feet a season. It throws down roots everywhere it can, working its way into cracks and crevices on buildings, even collapsing whole barns and buckling power lines. Ohio recently joined \u003ca href=\"http://appalachianohioweeds.org/?s=kudzu\">14 other states\u003c/a> in adding kudzu to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://codes.ohio.gov/oac/901%3A5-37\">noxious weed list\u003c/a>. Stone said all the Southern states have it and it’s working its way up north. “I think there’s even been some established sites in Maine, up the East Coast and all the way through the Midwest,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funny thing is, farmers were told to plant kudzu back in the ’30s to control erosion. We learned quickly this was bad advice, said Stone. “What we found out is there’s just no stopping kudzu,” she said. It’s got a pretty purple flower and was originally brought over from Asia as an ornamental. People still see it and coo, take a cutting, and unknowingly unleash the beast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the kudzu patch in the Cleveland parking lot, Stone and I wade into the kudzu to check out the vine’s progression. Below the sea of green, bits of purple pop up -- the flower. And pollinators have been busy -- we find furry seed pods all over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64042\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_2819.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64042\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_2819-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Once the kudzu flower is pollinated, it develops seedpods which further enable its spread.\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once the kudzu flower is pollinated, it develops seed pods which further enable its spread.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is not good. Now the vine can be spread not only by ground but by wind or animal. “Wherever it drops off would be another start of kudzu,” said Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with kudzu comes problems. It drives out native plants, swallows trees whole and kills them, causes structural damage, and is bad for farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kudzu brings kudzu bugs, which also like to eat soybeans, and the vine plays host to the crop disease \u003ca href=\"http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/fungi/Basidiomycetes/Pages/SoybeanRust.aspx\">soybean rust\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we were milling around, a neighbor came over, introduced himself as George Nelson, and asked me a good question, “Well, are you gonna have them clean it up?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once kudzu’s got a foothold in a place, it takes a whole lot of money and perseverance to clean it up. Stone said herbicides are the most effective way to take down the vine. Goats have also been tried as a means of control. “If you don’t get every little piece of it, it will be back,” said Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64037\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 304px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/USDA-kudzu-map.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64037\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/USDA-kudzu-map-304x253.png\" alt=\"Many states now host the invasive kudzu vine. Credit: USDA's PLANTS database\" width=\"304\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many states now host the invasive kudzu vine. Credit: USDA's PLANTS database\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But to the man’s point, who is going to clean this up?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out someone offered, way back when kudzu was first discovered here in early 2000. “Through our conservation outreach program, I would have done it and I still would,” said Jim Bissell, a botanist with the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. He estimates it’d take nearly $10,000 to clean this up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problem is, Bissell couldn’t find a taker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Property owners didn’t want to get their hands dirty, so he let it drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I gave him a site update, though, and told him about the seed pods, it got his attention. “They didn’t have seed pods when I looked at it, so that could be a change already,” he said, “so that’s kind of frightening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make a long story short, Bissell is now reviving efforts to get this spot cleaned up, but the road ahead is all the more weedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>QUEST Ohio’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/jeanomalley/\" target=\"_blank\">Jean O’Malley\u003c/a> contributed to the reporting of this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The invasive vine known as kudzu has twined itself into Southern culture, but it’s a big environmental headache, causing crop and property damage and loss of biodiversity. And now the vine’s coming north. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442954751,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1033},"headData":{"title":"'The Vine That Ate the South' Heads North | KQED","description":"The invasive vine known as kudzu has twined itself into Southern culture, but it’s a big environmental headache, causing crop and property damage and loss of biodiversity. And now the vine’s coming north. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"'The Vine That Ate the South' Heads North","datePublished":"2013-11-29T15:00:39.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-22T20:45:51.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"60182 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=60182","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/11/29/the-vine-that-ate-the-south-heads-north/","disqusTitle":"'The Vine That Ate the South' Heads North","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/60182/the-vine-that-ate-the-south-heads-north","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/kudzu/Stream/kudzu+11.19+with+intro+and+funder+mp3.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/kudzu/Stream/kudzu+11.19+with+intro+and+funder+mp3.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Pic1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-64034\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Pic1.jpg\" alt=\"Kudzu is an invasive vine that's prevalent in the South, but now many Northern states have it as well. This is a patch in the Collinwood neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Pic1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Pic1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kudzu is an invasive vine that's prevalent in the South, but now many Northern states have it as well. This is a patch in the Collinwood neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Say the word “kudzu” to anyone from the South and they’ll probably know what you’re talking about. That’s because in states like Georgia and Alabama the invasive vine known as kudzu covers roadsides, chokes forests, brings down power lines, and blankets entire buildings. It’s made its way into country songs, becoming a metaphor for clingy love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kudzu’s twined itself into Southern culture, but it’s a big environmental headache, causing crop and property damage and loss of biodiversity. And now the vine’s coming north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64040\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_2781.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64040\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_2781-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Kudzu was originally brought over from Asia as an ornamental.\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kudzu was originally brought over from Asia as an ornamental.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s even made it to northeast Ohio, where people didn’t expect it would survive the harsh winters. I went to check out one rogue patch in the Collinwood neighborhood of Cleveland, near Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this rundown urban lot, the vine has worked its way up the power line and along the fencing and onto the nearby business and over the trees clear to people’s homes. Kudzu’s all over here -- just a sea of green in this gravel parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quite an eyeful. Amy Stone, with the Ohio State University Extension invasive species team, said this spot and others like it worry her because kudzu’s an aggressive, invasive, non-native species that’s caused a lot of grief down South. “It’s also known as the ‘vine that swallowed the South,’ or the ‘vine that ate the South.’ And so just imagine this kind of on steroids everywhere,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64038\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Kudzu-in-Chesapeake-OH-Credit-Eric-Boyda.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64038\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Kudzu-in-Chesapeake-OH-Credit-Eric-Boyda-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"In southern Ohio, kudzu stands take over whole hillsides, like this one in Chesapeake, OH. Credit: Eric Boyda, \" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Southern Ohio, kudzu stands take over whole hillsides, like this one in Chesapeake, OH. Credit: Eric Boyda,\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers aren’t entirely sure why the vine is extending its northern reach, but many attribute it to\u003ca href=\"http://unfccc.int/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/climate_change_information_kit/items/288.php\"> warmer winters from climate change.\u003c/a> “We thought maybe it wouldn’t be hardy here,” said Stone. But due to changing weather conditions and a longer growing season, she said we may be able to see flowering and seeding of the vine, which would spread it even faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/pumo1.htm\">Kudzu\u003c/a> can grow a foot a day -- up to 60 feet a season. It throws down roots everywhere it can, working its way into cracks and crevices on buildings, even collapsing whole barns and buckling power lines. Ohio recently joined \u003ca href=\"http://appalachianohioweeds.org/?s=kudzu\">14 other states\u003c/a> in adding kudzu to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://codes.ohio.gov/oac/901%3A5-37\">noxious weed list\u003c/a>. Stone said all the Southern states have it and it’s working its way up north. “I think there’s even been some established sites in Maine, up the East Coast and all the way through the Midwest,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funny thing is, farmers were told to plant kudzu back in the ’30s to control erosion. We learned quickly this was bad advice, said Stone. “What we found out is there’s just no stopping kudzu,” she said. It’s got a pretty purple flower and was originally brought over from Asia as an ornamental. People still see it and coo, take a cutting, and unknowingly unleash the beast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the kudzu patch in the Cleveland parking lot, Stone and I wade into the kudzu to check out the vine’s progression. Below the sea of green, bits of purple pop up -- the flower. And pollinators have been busy -- we find furry seed pods all over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64042\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_2819.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64042\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_2819-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Once the kudzu flower is pollinated, it develops seedpods which further enable its spread.\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once the kudzu flower is pollinated, it develops seed pods which further enable its spread.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is not good. Now the vine can be spread not only by ground but by wind or animal. “Wherever it drops off would be another start of kudzu,” said Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with kudzu comes problems. It drives out native plants, swallows trees whole and kills them, causes structural damage, and is bad for farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kudzu brings kudzu bugs, which also like to eat soybeans, and the vine plays host to the crop disease \u003ca href=\"http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/fungi/Basidiomycetes/Pages/SoybeanRust.aspx\">soybean rust\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we were milling around, a neighbor came over, introduced himself as George Nelson, and asked me a good question, “Well, are you gonna have them clean it up?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once kudzu’s got a foothold in a place, it takes a whole lot of money and perseverance to clean it up. Stone said herbicides are the most effective way to take down the vine. Goats have also been tried as a means of control. “If you don’t get every little piece of it, it will be back,” said Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64037\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 304px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/USDA-kudzu-map.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64037\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/USDA-kudzu-map-304x253.png\" alt=\"Many states now host the invasive kudzu vine. Credit: USDA's PLANTS database\" width=\"304\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many states now host the invasive kudzu vine. Credit: USDA's PLANTS database\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But to the man’s point, who is going to clean this up?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out someone offered, way back when kudzu was first discovered here in early 2000. “Through our conservation outreach program, I would have done it and I still would,” said Jim Bissell, a botanist with the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. He estimates it’d take nearly $10,000 to clean this up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problem is, Bissell couldn’t find a taker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Property owners didn’t want to get their hands dirty, so he let it drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I gave him a site update, though, and told him about the seed pods, it got his attention. “They didn’t have seed pods when I looked at it, so that could be a change already,” he said, “so that’s kind of frightening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make a long story short, Bissell is now reviving efforts to get this spot cleaned up, but the road ahead is all the more weedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>QUEST Ohio’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/jeanomalley/\" target=\"_blank\">Jean O’Malley\u003c/a> contributed to the reporting of this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/60182/the-vine-that-ate-the-south-heads-north","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_12021","quest_12269","quest_10327","quest_1489","quest_12445","quest_12098","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_10429","quest_12212"],"featImg":"quest_64034","label":"source_quest_60182"},"quest_61749":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_61749","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"61749","score":null,"sort":[1382034894000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"quest-television-restoring-americas-waters","title":"QUEST TV: Restoring America's Waters","publishDate":1382034894,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>Episode Description\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Explore some of the amazing efforts to restore the health of America’s waterways. Follow scientists and fishermen as they team up to rebuild North Carolina’s deteriorating oyster reefs. Battle algae blooms with Lake Erie researchers and discover how the largest dam removal project in U.S. history is providing hope for Washington state’s salmon. Plus, discover an Ohio artist who turns coal mine run-off into works of art.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Segment Details\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Watch the full 1/2 hour television episode above or watch individual segments and read accompanying articles on the following pages:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/restoring-oyster-reefs/\">Restoring Oyster Reefs\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/battling-the-bloom-lake-erie/\">Battling the Bloom: Lake Erie\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/a-river-returns/\" target=\"_blank\">A River Returns\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/05/13/coal-to-canvas-an-artist-turns-toxic-runoff-into-paints/\">From Coal to Canvas: An Artist Turns Toxic Runoff into Palette-Worthy Paints (article only)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Explore efforts to rebuild oyster reefs, battle algae blooms, and restore salmon to a dammed river in this television episode.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457565148,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":128},"headData":{"title":"QUEST TV: Restoring America's Waters | KQED","description":"Explore efforts to rebuild oyster reefs, battle algae blooms, and restore salmon to a dammed river in this television episode.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"QUEST TV: Restoring America's Waters","datePublished":"2013-10-17T18:34:54.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T23:12:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"61749 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=61749","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/17/quest-television-restoring-americas-waters/","disqusTitle":"QUEST TV: Restoring America's Waters","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAd2tEWzd10","path":"/quest/61749/quest-television-restoring-americas-waters","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>Episode Description\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Explore some of the amazing efforts to restore the health of America’s waterways. Follow scientists and fishermen as they team up to rebuild North Carolina’s deteriorating oyster reefs. Battle algae blooms with Lake Erie researchers and discover how the largest dam removal project in U.S. history is providing hope for Washington state’s salmon. Plus, discover an Ohio artist who turns coal mine run-off into works of art.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Segment Details\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Watch the full 1/2 hour television episode above or watch individual segments and read accompanying articles on the following pages:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/restoring-oyster-reefs/\">Restoring Oyster Reefs\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/battling-the-bloom-lake-erie/\">Battling the Bloom: Lake Erie\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/a-river-returns/\" target=\"_blank\">A River Returns\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/05/13/coal-to-canvas-an-artist-turns-toxic-runoff-into-paints/\">From Coal to Canvas: An Artist Turns Toxic Runoff into Palette-Worthy Paints (article only)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/61749/quest-television-restoring-americas-waters","authors":["10216"],"categories":["quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_3449","quest_12125","quest_12362","quest_12374","quest_1291","quest_12098","quest_11489","quest_2141","quest_2257","quest_2349","quest_10427","quest_12146","quest_10429","quest_12361","quest_10179","quest_2477","quest_2893","quest_2966","quest_3071","quest_3108","quest_12360"],"featImg":"quest_62630","label":"quest"},"quest_59269":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_59269","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"59269","score":null,"sort":[1381240844000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"battling-the-bloom-lake-erie","title":"Battling the Bloom: Lake Erie","publishDate":1381240844,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>“Battling the Bloom” was produced by QUEST Ohio’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/maryfecteau/\">Mary Fecteau\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions of people depend on Lake Erie for drinking water. Many others rely on it for commerce and recreation. The lake also provides critical habitat for fish and wildlife. Toxic algae blooms are now putting all of this at risk. In this QUEST video we set out to investigate the problem and talk to researchers and others looking for the cause on Ohio’s farm fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59274\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Milan-shooting-lake-from-Gibralter-wider.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-59274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Milan-shooting-lake-from-Gibralter-wider-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Videographer Milan Jovanovic takes in the expanse of lake and islands visible from Perry’s Lookout. Credit: Jean O’Malley\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Videographer Milan Jovanovic takes in the expanse of lake and islands visible from Perry’s Lookout.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In shooting “Battling the Bloom,” our team traveled to South Bass Island, a hidden gem just off the north shore of Ohio in the western basin of Lake Erie. There are dozens of islands like this in Erie, left behind by the last glacier that scraped out the Great Lakes. Some of Lake Erie’s islands are populated year round by a small number of residents, but the numbers swell in the summer as more than a million visitors head for fun in the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60187\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jeff-pic-traveling-on-boat.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-60187\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jeff-pic-traveling-on-boat-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Jeff Reutter has been researching harmful algal blooms on Lake Erie since 1971. Credit: Jean O’Malley\" width=\"225\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Jeff Reutter has been researching harmful algal blooms on Lake Erie since 1971.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We were on the island to visit Dr. Jeff Reutter, who runs Ohio State University’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.stonelab.osu.edu\">Stone Laboratory\u003c/a> research center there. Established in 1895, Stone Lab is the oldest freshwater biological lab in the country. Reutter has been working on Lake Erie since 1971.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmful algal blooms, or HABs, are caused by too many nutrients getting into the lake. When those extra nutrients combine with warm water in the lake’s shallow end at the end of summer, the result is an algal bloom that is toxic to humans and animals and can cause fish-killing conditions -- dead zones -- at the bottom of the lake. In the 1970s and ’80s, HABs were caused by excess sewage going into the lake. Today, sewage overflow still can cause HABs, but the primary culprit is nutrient runoff in the form of fertilizer and animal waste from farms in the Lake Erie watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59276\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-59276\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Boat-in-harbor-Perry-monument-in-background-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"You can see Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial from almost anywhere in the Lake Erie Islands. This view is from Stone Lab’s dock on South Bass. Credit: Jean O’Malley\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">You can see Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial from almost anywhere in the Lake Erie Islands. This view is from Stone Lab’s dock on South Bass.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Miller Ferry docked at the south end of South Bass Island and we headed up the narrow island to its main attraction, the town of Put in Bay. Put in Bay is the harbor as well as the island’s social and entertainment center. You can’t miss \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/pevi/index.htm\">Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial\u003c/a>, which soars more than 350 feet over Lake Erie. The giant Doric column celebrates Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry’s victory during the \u003ca href=\"http://battleoflakeerie-bicentennial.com/\">Battle of Lake Erie\u003c/a> in September 1813 and the resulting peace among the U.S., Britain, and Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59273\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-59273\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jeff-interview-harbor-boat-in-bkgd-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Jeff Reutter tells us all about harmful algal blooms on Lake Erie in front of Stone Lab on South Bass Island. Credit: Jean O’Malley\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Jeff Reutter tells us all about harmful algal blooms on Lake Erie in front of Stone Lab on South Bass Island.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Our camera crew set up shop at Stone Lab and interviewed Reutter at the water’s edge as boats and kayaks floated by in the distance and stable flies bit our ankles. We then boarded a Stone Lab research boat for a lunchtime excursion to Gibraltar Island, a smaller island just offshore in the harbor. Ohio State University owns Gibraltar Island, where it has another lab facility. Students live, study, and conduct research here during the summer. The island provides great views of the lake and many of the neighboring islands, especially from the stone cliffs of Perry’s Lookout on Gibraltar’s northeast corner. The lookout is named for Commodore Perry, who is said to have watched for British ships from here before the historic battle. Perry is a legend in northern Ohio -- there is even a beer named for him at Cleveland’s Great Lakes Brewery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59801\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-59801\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/marina-wide-shot-algae-and-ODNR-boat-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"By August 19, 2013, harmful algal blooms had begun growing in the western end of Lake Erie. This is the marina at Maumee Bay State Park. Credit: Jean O’Malley\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">By August 19, 2013, harmful algal blooms had begun growing in the western end of Lake Erie. This is the marina at Maumee Bay State Park.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Schedule constraints meant we had to film this story in the spring, so we were unable to capture any footage of the harmful algal blooms that typically peak in late summer. Fortunately, we were able to include footage from Erie’s 2011 algal bloom, one of the worst in recent history. NOAA forecasters \u003ca href=\"http://ohioseagrant.osu.edu/news/?article=619\">predicted\u003c/a> that the 2013 bloom would be twice as bad as that in 2012 but not nearly as bad as 2011. Data are still coming in for the actual algal counts in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we returned to the dock at Put in Bay, a bald eagle swooped over the harbor. The majestic bird served as a reminder that the lake is so much more than a lovely summer tourist destination. Lake Erie and its shores are home to an amazing diversity of wildlife all year, including some species that are struggling -- or have had to struggle -- to survive. Today, a cleaner lake teeming with fish and an actively protected habitat have turned Lake Erie’s islands into a prime area for spotting \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/08/13/ohios-bald-eagle-comeback/\">bald eagles\u003c/a>, a species that nearly disappeared several decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/cool-critters-lake-erie-water-snake/\">Lake Erie watersnake\u003c/a>, found only in the western basin of Lake Erie, was removed from the federal list of threatened and endangered wildlife, thanks in part to active education efforts and protection of the islands’ shores where it makes its home. As an added bonus, the snakes have developed an appetite for an invasive fish called the round goby, helping to minimize the impacts of this non-native species on the lake’s ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lake’s islands provide critical habitat for shorebirds, a major rest stop for migrating birds, a heavenly launch for fisherman, and a reminder that we need to continuously work to protect these important natural areas from the damage wrought by human activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ohioseagrant.osu.edu/_documents/publications/GS/GS-025ExploretheLakeErieIslandsAGuidetoNatureandHistoryAlongtheLakeErieCoastalTrail.pdf\">Explore the Lake Erie Islands: A Guide to Nature and History along the Lake Erie Coastal Trail\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.shoresandislands.com/\">Lake Erie Shores and Islands\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ohioseagrant.osu.edu/\">Ohio Sea Grant\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/res/Centers/HABS/lake_erie_hab/lake_erie_hab.html\">NOAA’s Harmful Algal Blooms in Lake Erie Weekly Bulletin \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/09/10/220721622/remembering-a-brave-lucky-hero-in-the-war-of-1812\">NPR: Remembering a “Brave,” “Lucky” Hero in the War of 1812 (Re-enactment on Lake Erie)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Millions depend on Lake Erie for drinking water, business, and recreation. Toxic algae blooms put all of this at risk, and now researchers are trying to identify the cause and craft solutions.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457563559,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1060},"headData":{"title":"Battling the Bloom: Lake Erie | KQED","description":"Millions depend on Lake Erie for drinking water, business, and recreation. Toxic algae blooms put all of this at risk, and now researchers are trying to identify the cause and craft solutions.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Battling the Bloom: Lake Erie","datePublished":"2013-10-08T14:00:44.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T22:45:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"59269 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=59269","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/08/battling-the-bloom-lake-erie/","disqusTitle":"Battling the Bloom: Lake Erie","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMwQaHtK904","path":"/quest/59269/battling-the-bloom-lake-erie","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>“Battling the Bloom” was produced by QUEST Ohio’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/maryfecteau/\">Mary Fecteau\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions of people depend on Lake Erie for drinking water. Many others rely on it for commerce and recreation. The lake also provides critical habitat for fish and wildlife. Toxic algae blooms are now putting all of this at risk. In this QUEST video we set out to investigate the problem and talk to researchers and others looking for the cause on Ohio’s farm fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59274\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Milan-shooting-lake-from-Gibralter-wider.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-59274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Milan-shooting-lake-from-Gibralter-wider-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Videographer Milan Jovanovic takes in the expanse of lake and islands visible from Perry’s Lookout. Credit: Jean O’Malley\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Videographer Milan Jovanovic takes in the expanse of lake and islands visible from Perry’s Lookout.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In shooting “Battling the Bloom,” our team traveled to South Bass Island, a hidden gem just off the north shore of Ohio in the western basin of Lake Erie. There are dozens of islands like this in Erie, left behind by the last glacier that scraped out the Great Lakes. Some of Lake Erie’s islands are populated year round by a small number of residents, but the numbers swell in the summer as more than a million visitors head for fun in the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60187\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jeff-pic-traveling-on-boat.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-60187\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jeff-pic-traveling-on-boat-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Jeff Reutter has been researching harmful algal blooms on Lake Erie since 1971. Credit: Jean O’Malley\" width=\"225\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Jeff Reutter has been researching harmful algal blooms on Lake Erie since 1971.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We were on the island to visit Dr. Jeff Reutter, who runs Ohio State University’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.stonelab.osu.edu\">Stone Laboratory\u003c/a> research center there. Established in 1895, Stone Lab is the oldest freshwater biological lab in the country. Reutter has been working on Lake Erie since 1971.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmful algal blooms, or HABs, are caused by too many nutrients getting into the lake. When those extra nutrients combine with warm water in the lake’s shallow end at the end of summer, the result is an algal bloom that is toxic to humans and animals and can cause fish-killing conditions -- dead zones -- at the bottom of the lake. In the 1970s and ’80s, HABs were caused by excess sewage going into the lake. Today, sewage overflow still can cause HABs, but the primary culprit is nutrient runoff in the form of fertilizer and animal waste from farms in the Lake Erie watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59276\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-59276\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Boat-in-harbor-Perry-monument-in-background-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"You can see Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial from almost anywhere in the Lake Erie Islands. This view is from Stone Lab’s dock on South Bass. Credit: Jean O’Malley\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">You can see Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial from almost anywhere in the Lake Erie Islands. This view is from Stone Lab’s dock on South Bass.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Miller Ferry docked at the south end of South Bass Island and we headed up the narrow island to its main attraction, the town of Put in Bay. Put in Bay is the harbor as well as the island’s social and entertainment center. You can’t miss \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/pevi/index.htm\">Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial\u003c/a>, which soars more than 350 feet over Lake Erie. The giant Doric column celebrates Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry’s victory during the \u003ca href=\"http://battleoflakeerie-bicentennial.com/\">Battle of Lake Erie\u003c/a> in September 1813 and the resulting peace among the U.S., Britain, and Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59273\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-59273\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jeff-interview-harbor-boat-in-bkgd-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Jeff Reutter tells us all about harmful algal blooms on Lake Erie in front of Stone Lab on South Bass Island. Credit: Jean O’Malley\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Jeff Reutter tells us all about harmful algal blooms on Lake Erie in front of Stone Lab on South Bass Island.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Our camera crew set up shop at Stone Lab and interviewed Reutter at the water’s edge as boats and kayaks floated by in the distance and stable flies bit our ankles. We then boarded a Stone Lab research boat for a lunchtime excursion to Gibraltar Island, a smaller island just offshore in the harbor. Ohio State University owns Gibraltar Island, where it has another lab facility. Students live, study, and conduct research here during the summer. The island provides great views of the lake and many of the neighboring islands, especially from the stone cliffs of Perry’s Lookout on Gibraltar’s northeast corner. The lookout is named for Commodore Perry, who is said to have watched for British ships from here before the historic battle. Perry is a legend in northern Ohio -- there is even a beer named for him at Cleveland’s Great Lakes Brewery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59801\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-59801\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/marina-wide-shot-algae-and-ODNR-boat-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"By August 19, 2013, harmful algal blooms had begun growing in the western end of Lake Erie. This is the marina at Maumee Bay State Park. Credit: Jean O’Malley\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">By August 19, 2013, harmful algal blooms had begun growing in the western end of Lake Erie. This is the marina at Maumee Bay State Park.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Schedule constraints meant we had to film this story in the spring, so we were unable to capture any footage of the harmful algal blooms that typically peak in late summer. Fortunately, we were able to include footage from Erie’s 2011 algal bloom, one of the worst in recent history. NOAA forecasters \u003ca href=\"http://ohioseagrant.osu.edu/news/?article=619\">predicted\u003c/a> that the 2013 bloom would be twice as bad as that in 2012 but not nearly as bad as 2011. Data are still coming in for the actual algal counts in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we returned to the dock at Put in Bay, a bald eagle swooped over the harbor. The majestic bird served as a reminder that the lake is so much more than a lovely summer tourist destination. Lake Erie and its shores are home to an amazing diversity of wildlife all year, including some species that are struggling -- or have had to struggle -- to survive. Today, a cleaner lake teeming with fish and an actively protected habitat have turned Lake Erie’s islands into a prime area for spotting \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/08/13/ohios-bald-eagle-comeback/\">bald eagles\u003c/a>, a species that nearly disappeared several decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/cool-critters-lake-erie-water-snake/\">Lake Erie watersnake\u003c/a>, found only in the western basin of Lake Erie, was removed from the federal list of threatened and endangered wildlife, thanks in part to active education efforts and protection of the islands’ shores where it makes its home. As an added bonus, the snakes have developed an appetite for an invasive fish called the round goby, helping to minimize the impacts of this non-native species on the lake’s ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lake’s islands provide critical habitat for shorebirds, a major rest stop for migrating birds, a heavenly launch for fisherman, and a reminder that we need to continuously work to protect these important natural areas from the damage wrought by human activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ohioseagrant.osu.edu/_documents/publications/GS/GS-025ExploretheLakeErieIslandsAGuidetoNatureandHistoryAlongtheLakeErieCoastalTrail.pdf\">Explore the Lake Erie Islands: A Guide to Nature and History along the Lake Erie Coastal Trail\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.shoresandislands.com/\">Lake Erie Shores and Islands\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ohioseagrant.osu.edu/\">Ohio Sea Grant\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/res/Centers/HABS/lake_erie_hab/lake_erie_hab.html\">NOAA’s Harmful Algal Blooms in Lake Erie Weekly Bulletin \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/09/10/220721622/remembering-a-brave-lucky-hero-in-the-war-of-1812\">NPR: Remembering a “Brave,” “Lucky” Hero in the War of 1812 (Re-enactment on Lake Erie)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/59269/battling-the-bloom-lake-erie","authors":["10268"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_12291","quest_12269","quest_12290","quest_12098","quest_2141","quest_12293","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_10429","quest_12292","quest_12294","quest_2893","quest_3071","quest_12295"],"featImg":"quest_58667","label":"quest"},"quest_55826":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_55826","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"55826","score":null,"sort":[1375970424000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"farmers-fight-back-against-toxic-algal-blooms","title":"Farmers Fight Back Against Toxic Algal Blooms","publishDate":1375970424,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Lakes are an important source of drinking water and tourism dollars in many places across the country. That’s why late summer toxic algal blooms are more than just an eyesore -- they’re a threat to public health, the economy, and the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nutrient runoff from farms is often a big driver of these harmful blooms. Now a group of Ohio scientists is trying to figure out how to keep nutrients on the farm and out of Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58595\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Terry-marquee.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58595\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Terry-marquee.jpg\" alt=\"Ohio farmer Terry McClure volunteered to be a test site for researchers studying how farm runoff fuels harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Terry-marquee.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Terry-marquee-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ohio farmer Terry McClure volunteered to be a test site for researchers studying how farm runoff fuels harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a wheat field in Paulding County, Ohio, USDA researcher Kevin King shows off water sampling gear to a group of agricultural leaders and experts. His team has placed this machinery on nearly 30 Ohio farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of the research is to track nutrient runoff from the farm field. Farmers add these nutrients (fertilizer, primarily composed of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) to help the crops grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study is important because these nutrients drive the harmful algal blooms that kill fish, sicken pets, and taint drinking water for the millions who depend on Lake Erie and other affected waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s lead investigator, Libby Dayton from Ohio State University, says they’re naming this project “On Field Ohio.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58117\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Terry-McClure-farm-visit-032.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58117\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Terry-McClure-farm-visit-032-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Ohio State's Libby Dayton explains how her team's research gear takes periodic water samples to test for nutrient runoff.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ohio State's Libby Dayton explains how her team's research gear takes periodic water samples to test for nutrient runoff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>“The premise and heart of it is we want to figure out how to keep nutrients on the field, and we want to figure out how to keep water on the field. We think that if we keep what needs to be on the field on the field it will reduce the transport off the field, and that will be a big help toward improving water quality.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dayton and colleagues have three years and two million dollars to determine a sort of “best practices” guide for keeping nutrients on the farm field. Specifically, they are looking to contain phosphorus, the key driver of freshwater algal blooms. Ohio farmers, along with the United States Department of Agriculture, are footing the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lake’s algae problem isn’t new. Back in the 1970s, discharge from sewage treatment plants was largely to blame. Sewage contains many of the same nutrients found in fertilizer runoff. In order to mitigate the problem, cities upgraded their filtering systems and companies reformulated detergents and other products to choke off the nutrient supply. The lake got better as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then that’s when agricultural businesses started to shift,” says chemical engineer and former EPA researcher Steve Duirk from the University of Akron, “and that’s the reason we started to see these blooms come back, and as bad as they were in the ’70s. And it’s almost solely attributed to agriculture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"If you might be a part of the problem, you ought to be part of the solution,\" says McClure.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.ohio.gov/dsw/lakeerie/index.aspx\">Findings\u003c/a> from the state’s Lake Erie Phosphorus Task Force concur with this, but \u003ca href=\"http://wi.water.usgs.gov/rna/9km30/\">sewage\u003c/a> remains an issue as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows for sure what changed in agriculture, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/03/28/1216006110.abstract\">research\u003c/a> suggests heavy rains plus certain fertilizer and soil management techniques widely adopted over the last decade have spurred the blooms. This is exactly what Dayton and her team are investigating on the farm. They’re taking samples from some of the 70,000 farms engaged in all sorts of management practices along the Erie shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry McClure is a fifth generation Ohio farmer who owns the 3,800-acre farm that researchers and ag experts now gather around. “This is soft red winter wheat,” says McClure. “So think crackers, think Triscuits, think doughnuts. That’s what we make.” He calls his farm “rotational no-till,” which means they don’t disturb the soil structure with deep plowing. McClure also uses \u003ca href=\"http://www.mccc.msu.edu/\">cover crops\u003c/a>, plants grown for the purposing of maintaining soil quality. They’re known to reduce runoff and help keep nutrients on the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of questions about why agriculture may be to blame for the algal blooms in Lake Erie. That’s why McClure is participating in this study. “If you might be a part of the problem,\" says McClure, \"you ought to be part of the solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58474\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Terry-McClure-farm-visit-025.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58474\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Terry-McClure-farm-visit-025-337x253.jpg\" alt='Many farms rely on \"tile drainage,\" a series of underground pipes that drain water from the field into a ditch, as shown above. Nutrient runoff into these ditches feed toxic algae blooms downstream.' width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many farms rely on \"tile drainage,\" a series of underground pipes that drain water from the field into a ditch, as shown above. Nutrient runoff into these ditches feed toxic algae blooms downstream.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>McClure notes that farmers have been saying for years that the lake’s algae issues can’t possibly be their problem because they know they’ve been using less and less phosphate. “Something’s going on here that we don’t understand,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dayton and other researchers point to a specific water-soluble type of phosphorus that is behind the blooms. “We’re having issues now where the dissolved portion of the phosphorus has been creeping up, and so that’s one of the things that we’re looking at,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Algae love dissolved phosphorus. It’s a ready meal. Even tiny amounts of the runoff are problematic. USDA’s Kevin King explains that what’s causing the problem is only about half a pound of phosphorus runoff per acre of agricultural land. “When a farmer applies 30 to 40 pounds per acre and they’re only losing a half a pound to a pound, but that’s what’s causing the problem, that’s…what we’re working with here,” says King. “It is a very narrow window.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s too early for answers, but study researchers say the combination of no-till and cover crops, like this wheat field of McClure’s, looks like a promising way to rein in the dissolved phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the good news: Akron scientist Steve Duirk says since Lake Erie is so shallow, if ag experts get this right, and the weather cooperates, it would only take about two years for the lake to flush out and rebound -- again.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Agricultural runoff is the leading cause of recurring algal blooms in Lake Erie. Now farmers are inviting researchers onto their fields to figure out why -- and what they can do about it.\r\n\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450491058,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":1080},"headData":{"title":"Farmers Fight Back Against Toxic Algal Blooms | KQED","description":"Agricultural runoff is the leading cause of recurring algal blooms in Lake Erie. Now farmers are inviting researchers onto their fields to figure out why -- and what they can do about it.\r\n\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Farmers Fight Back Against Toxic Algal Blooms","datePublished":"2013-08-08T14:00:24.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T02:10:58.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"55826 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=55826","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/08/08/farmers-fight-back-against-toxic-algal-blooms/","disqusTitle":"Farmers Fight Back Against Toxic Algal Blooms","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Farmers+tackle+algae/Stream/farmers+remix+with+funder+tag.mp3","path":"/quest/55826/farmers-fight-back-against-toxic-algal-blooms","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lakes are an important source of drinking water and tourism dollars in many places across the country. That’s why late summer toxic algal blooms are more than just an eyesore -- they’re a threat to public health, the economy, and the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nutrient runoff from farms is often a big driver of these harmful blooms. Now a group of Ohio scientists is trying to figure out how to keep nutrients on the farm and out of Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58595\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Terry-marquee.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58595\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Terry-marquee.jpg\" alt=\"Ohio farmer Terry McClure volunteered to be a test site for researchers studying how farm runoff fuels harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Terry-marquee.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Terry-marquee-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ohio farmer Terry McClure volunteered to be a test site for researchers studying how farm runoff fuels harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a wheat field in Paulding County, Ohio, USDA researcher Kevin King shows off water sampling gear to a group of agricultural leaders and experts. His team has placed this machinery on nearly 30 Ohio farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of the research is to track nutrient runoff from the farm field. Farmers add these nutrients (fertilizer, primarily composed of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) to help the crops grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study is important because these nutrients drive the harmful algal blooms that kill fish, sicken pets, and taint drinking water for the millions who depend on Lake Erie and other affected waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s lead investigator, Libby Dayton from Ohio State University, says they’re naming this project “On Field Ohio.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58117\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Terry-McClure-farm-visit-032.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58117\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Terry-McClure-farm-visit-032-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Ohio State's Libby Dayton explains how her team's research gear takes periodic water samples to test for nutrient runoff.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ohio State's Libby Dayton explains how her team's research gear takes periodic water samples to test for nutrient runoff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>“The premise and heart of it is we want to figure out how to keep nutrients on the field, and we want to figure out how to keep water on the field. We think that if we keep what needs to be on the field on the field it will reduce the transport off the field, and that will be a big help toward improving water quality.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dayton and colleagues have three years and two million dollars to determine a sort of “best practices” guide for keeping nutrients on the farm field. Specifically, they are looking to contain phosphorus, the key driver of freshwater algal blooms. Ohio farmers, along with the United States Department of Agriculture, are footing the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lake’s algae problem isn’t new. Back in the 1970s, discharge from sewage treatment plants was largely to blame. Sewage contains many of the same nutrients found in fertilizer runoff. In order to mitigate the problem, cities upgraded their filtering systems and companies reformulated detergents and other products to choke off the nutrient supply. The lake got better as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then that’s when agricultural businesses started to shift,” says chemical engineer and former EPA researcher Steve Duirk from the University of Akron, “and that’s the reason we started to see these blooms come back, and as bad as they were in the ’70s. And it’s almost solely attributed to agriculture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"If you might be a part of the problem, you ought to be part of the solution,\" says McClure.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.ohio.gov/dsw/lakeerie/index.aspx\">Findings\u003c/a> from the state’s Lake Erie Phosphorus Task Force concur with this, but \u003ca href=\"http://wi.water.usgs.gov/rna/9km30/\">sewage\u003c/a> remains an issue as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows for sure what changed in agriculture, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/03/28/1216006110.abstract\">research\u003c/a> suggests heavy rains plus certain fertilizer and soil management techniques widely adopted over the last decade have spurred the blooms. This is exactly what Dayton and her team are investigating on the farm. They’re taking samples from some of the 70,000 farms engaged in all sorts of management practices along the Erie shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry McClure is a fifth generation Ohio farmer who owns the 3,800-acre farm that researchers and ag experts now gather around. “This is soft red winter wheat,” says McClure. “So think crackers, think Triscuits, think doughnuts. That’s what we make.” He calls his farm “rotational no-till,” which means they don’t disturb the soil structure with deep plowing. McClure also uses \u003ca href=\"http://www.mccc.msu.edu/\">cover crops\u003c/a>, plants grown for the purposing of maintaining soil quality. They’re known to reduce runoff and help keep nutrients on the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of questions about why agriculture may be to blame for the algal blooms in Lake Erie. That’s why McClure is participating in this study. “If you might be a part of the problem,\" says McClure, \"you ought to be part of the solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58474\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Terry-McClure-farm-visit-025.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58474\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Terry-McClure-farm-visit-025-337x253.jpg\" alt='Many farms rely on \"tile drainage,\" a series of underground pipes that drain water from the field into a ditch, as shown above. Nutrient runoff into these ditches feed toxic algae blooms downstream.' width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many farms rely on \"tile drainage,\" a series of underground pipes that drain water from the field into a ditch, as shown above. Nutrient runoff into these ditches feed toxic algae blooms downstream.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>McClure notes that farmers have been saying for years that the lake’s algae issues can’t possibly be their problem because they know they’ve been using less and less phosphate. “Something’s going on here that we don’t understand,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dayton and other researchers point to a specific water-soluble type of phosphorus that is behind the blooms. “We’re having issues now where the dissolved portion of the phosphorus has been creeping up, and so that’s one of the things that we’re looking at,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Algae love dissolved phosphorus. It’s a ready meal. Even tiny amounts of the runoff are problematic. USDA’s Kevin King explains that what’s causing the problem is only about half a pound of phosphorus runoff per acre of agricultural land. “When a farmer applies 30 to 40 pounds per acre and they’re only losing a half a pound to a pound, but that’s what’s causing the problem, that’s…what we’re working with here,” says King. “It is a very narrow window.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s too early for answers, but study researchers say the combination of no-till and cover crops, like this wheat field of McClure’s, looks like a promising way to rein in the dissolved phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the good news: Akron scientist Steve Duirk says since Lake Erie is so shallow, if ag experts get this right, and the weather cooperates, it would only take about two years for the lake to flush out and rebound -- again.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/55826/farmers-fight-back-against-toxic-algal-blooms","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3229","quest_17","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_85","quest_3449","quest_252","quest_1073","quest_12194","quest_12098","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_10429","quest_10179","quest_13364","quest_3114"],"featImg":"quest_58667","label":"source_quest_55826"},"quest_52708":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_52708","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"52708","score":null,"sort":[1375365653000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"troubled-waters-lake-eries-plastic-problem","title":"Troubled Waters: Lake Erie's Plastic Problem","publishDate":1375365653,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58310\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg\" alt=\"Plastic trash is making its way into Lake Erie, where researchers have found a higher density of plastics than any other body of water. Credit: WCPN ideastream\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Credit: WCPN ideastream\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">Community Contributor |\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> Erin Huber, Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://drinklocaldrinktap.org\">Drink Local. Drink Tap., Inc\u003c/a>.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \"I want to say one word to you -- just one word.\u003cbr>\nAre you listening?\u003cbr>\n‘Plastics.’ \"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mr. McGuire had it right in the 1967 movie \u003cstrong>The Graduate\u003c/strong>: plastics have made a splash. \u003ca href=\"http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1526/1973.full\">Since 1980,\u003c/a>plastic production has gone up 500 percent to meet demand, but this boom has come at a steep environmental price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57730\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Rainbow-Runner_M-Eriksen.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57730\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Rainbow-Runner_M-Eriksen-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"This Rainbow Runner, a fish commonly found on menus and fish markets around the country, was found in the mid-Pacific Ocean in 2008 with 17 microplastic bits found in its stomach. Credit: Marcus Eriksen, 5 Gyres Institute\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Rainbow Runner, a fish commonly found on menus and fish markets around the country, was found in the mid-Pacific Ocean in 2008 with 17 microplastic bits found in its stomach.\u003cbr>Credit: Marcus Eriksen, 5 Gyres Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In recent years researchers and news agencies have been buzzing about the buildup of plastic debris in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sea.edu/plastics2010/images/Oceanus%20Plastic%20article%20Wilber%201987.pdf\">Atlantic\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/10/science/10patch.html?_r=1&\">Pacific Oceans\u003c/a>. The so-called \u003ca href=\"http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/info/patch.html\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a> is said to be twice the size of the state of Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recent studies show that salt water isn’t the only place with a plastic problem. Scientists from the \u003ca href=\"http://5gyres.org/what_is_the_issue/the_solution/\">5 Gyres Institute\u003c/a>, a research-based advocacy group, studied plastic pollution in the Great Lakes, the largest bodies of fresh water in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There they found the highest concentration of plastics -- denser than in the oceans -- in Lake Erie. Similar \u003ca href=\"http://abstracts.acs.org/chem/245nm/program/view.php?obj_id=176594&terms=\">results\u003c/a> were found by University of Wisconsin-Superior chemist \u003ca href=\"http://www.uwsuper.edu/acaddept/naturalsciences/employees/lorena-rios-mendoza_employee1235219\">Dr. Lorena Rios-Mendoza\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How did all of this plastic end up in Lake Erie?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trash from beaches, river banks, and neighborhood gutters makes its way into our waterways. Things like plastic cigar tips, food wrappers, toys, and disposable drink bottles get bumped around, blown, and washed off into the streets, through the sewers, and into Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastics break down into tiny pieces while traveling through the waterways, but they don’t biodegrade. These tiny bits of\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57838\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 365px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/microbeads0628.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57838\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/microbeads0628-365x253.jpg\" alt=\"Face washes containing plastic microbead scrubbers could be contributing to Lake Erie's plastic soup.Credit: 5 Gyres Institute\" width=\"365\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Face washes containing plastic microbead scrubbers could be contributing to Lake Erie's plastic soup. Credit: 5 Gyres Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>plastic, sometimes referred to as “toxic mermaid tears,” are found in Lake Erie at three times the density of anywhere else on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic pollution also comes from pea-sized \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.nicholas.duke.edu/thegreengrok/nurdlepollution-2/\">nurdles\u003c/a>, the preproduction base for plastics products. They enter waterways during the plastic industry’s manufacturing and shipping processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another small particle that packs a big plastic punch comes from facial scrubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at 5 Gyre discovered tiny round balls in Lake Erie water samples that they say are a perfect match with the microbeads found in certain face washes. According to the research group, \u003ca href=\"http://5gyres.org/posts/2013/04/16/do_plastic_micro_beads_from_facial_scrubbers_escape_sewage_treatment/\">water samples\u003c/a> from Lake Erie were loaded with these microbeads. They plan to publish their results this summer in the journal \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-pollution-bulletin/\">Marine Pollution Bulletin\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong>\u003cem> \u003c/em>and are urging companies to phase out plastic microbead scrubbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why does plastic in Lake Erie matter?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Over time, plastics easily attract and hold hazardous \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/international/toxics/pop.html#pops\">persistent organic pollutants\u003c/a> (POPs). It’s been documented that marine animals eat these plastics, affecting their digestive systems and possibly causing malnutrition. Officials with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources say this summer they’re following up with surveys of plastic content in Lake Erie fish. If people eat fish that have consumed plastic particles, it’s likely that the plastic chemicals will end up in humans, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Lake Erie is a source of water for many cities, there’s also a concern that these plastics could leach chemicals into the water supply that may be harmful to humans. One chemical of concern is bisphenol A (BPA), which is found in many plastics and coatings and is a \u003ca href=\"http://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/text_version/chemicals.php?id=69\">known endocrine disrupter.\u003c/a> Not only can BPA and other chemicals leach into the contents of a container, such as bottled water, or person using a certain product, such as thermal receipt paper or BPA-lined food cans, but chemicals like BPA can also leach into the surrounding environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What can be done?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The plastics in Lake Erie and elsewhere will not go away, but further pollution control is certainly possible. Right now remediation options are \u003ca href=\"http://www.pices.int/publications/presentations/PICES-2011/2011-W3/W3-1145-Baker.pdf\">generally unknown\u003c/a>, though some whimsical solutions have been proposed, such as \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/19-year-old-student-develops-ocean-cleanup-array-that-could-remove-7250000-tons-of-plastic-from-the-worlds-oceans/\">giant floating funnels\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/pacific-ocean-trash-cleans-up-nice-as-methods-new-soap-bottle/\">soap bottles\u003c/a> made of ocean trash. Many organizations, such as the United Nations, are aware of the need to remediate waters and protect them from additional plastic pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Unilever and Johnson & Johnson have already begun to phase out microbeads because of pollution concerns and public pressure. In addition, some organizations, like \u003ca href=\"http://plasticpollutioncoalition.org/learn/get-started/\">Plastic Pollution Coalition\u003c/a>, have been working on behavior change in the public and industry to reduce the use of all forms of plastics. Scientists and advocates alike are urging individuals to help diminish the demand by doing simple things like drinking local \u003ca href=\"http://youtu.be/ALmHd5CnlVA\">tap water\u003c/a> instead of buying bottled water, using reusable containers instead of disposables, and buying \u003ca href=\"http://plasticfreeseas.org/microbeads.html.\">microbead-free products.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While more research is needed to document and quantify the full extent and impacts of the plastics pollution in Lake Erie and other waterways, there’s already enough data to know that it’s time to rethink our relationship with plastic.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"How the buildup of small plastic particles could add up to big problems for Lake Erie, and the human and aquatic communities that depend on it.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1375365656,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":842},"headData":{"title":"Troubled Waters: Lake Erie's Plastic Problem | KQED","description":"How the buildup of small plastic particles could add up to big problems for Lake Erie, and the human and aquatic communities that depend on it.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Troubled Waters: Lake Erie's Plastic Problem","datePublished":"2013-08-01T14:00:53.000Z","dateModified":"2013-08-01T14:00:56.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"52708 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=52708","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/08/01/troubled-waters-lake-eries-plastic-problem/","disqusTitle":"Troubled Waters: Lake Erie's Plastic Problem","path":"/quest/52708/troubled-waters-lake-eries-plastic-problem","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58310\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg\" alt=\"Plastic trash is making its way into Lake Erie, where researchers have found a higher density of plastics than any other body of water. Credit: WCPN ideastream\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Credit: WCPN ideastream\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">Community Contributor |\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> Erin Huber, Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://drinklocaldrinktap.org\">Drink Local. Drink Tap., Inc\u003c/a>.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \"I want to say one word to you -- just one word.\u003cbr>\nAre you listening?\u003cbr>\n‘Plastics.’ \"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mr. McGuire had it right in the 1967 movie \u003cstrong>The Graduate\u003c/strong>: plastics have made a splash. \u003ca href=\"http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1526/1973.full\">Since 1980,\u003c/a>plastic production has gone up 500 percent to meet demand, but this boom has come at a steep environmental price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57730\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Rainbow-Runner_M-Eriksen.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57730\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Rainbow-Runner_M-Eriksen-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"This Rainbow Runner, a fish commonly found on menus and fish markets around the country, was found in the mid-Pacific Ocean in 2008 with 17 microplastic bits found in its stomach. Credit: Marcus Eriksen, 5 Gyres Institute\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Rainbow Runner, a fish commonly found on menus and fish markets around the country, was found in the mid-Pacific Ocean in 2008 with 17 microplastic bits found in its stomach.\u003cbr>Credit: Marcus Eriksen, 5 Gyres Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In recent years researchers and news agencies have been buzzing about the buildup of plastic debris in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sea.edu/plastics2010/images/Oceanus%20Plastic%20article%20Wilber%201987.pdf\">Atlantic\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/10/science/10patch.html?_r=1&\">Pacific Oceans\u003c/a>. The so-called \u003ca href=\"http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/info/patch.html\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a> is said to be twice the size of the state of Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recent studies show that salt water isn’t the only place with a plastic problem. Scientists from the \u003ca href=\"http://5gyres.org/what_is_the_issue/the_solution/\">5 Gyres Institute\u003c/a>, a research-based advocacy group, studied plastic pollution in the Great Lakes, the largest bodies of fresh water in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There they found the highest concentration of plastics -- denser than in the oceans -- in Lake Erie. Similar \u003ca href=\"http://abstracts.acs.org/chem/245nm/program/view.php?obj_id=176594&terms=\">results\u003c/a> were found by University of Wisconsin-Superior chemist \u003ca href=\"http://www.uwsuper.edu/acaddept/naturalsciences/employees/lorena-rios-mendoza_employee1235219\">Dr. Lorena Rios-Mendoza\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How did all of this plastic end up in Lake Erie?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trash from beaches, river banks, and neighborhood gutters makes its way into our waterways. Things like plastic cigar tips, food wrappers, toys, and disposable drink bottles get bumped around, blown, and washed off into the streets, through the sewers, and into Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastics break down into tiny pieces while traveling through the waterways, but they don’t biodegrade. These tiny bits of\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57838\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 365px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/microbeads0628.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57838\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/microbeads0628-365x253.jpg\" alt=\"Face washes containing plastic microbead scrubbers could be contributing to Lake Erie's plastic soup.Credit: 5 Gyres Institute\" width=\"365\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Face washes containing plastic microbead scrubbers could be contributing to Lake Erie's plastic soup. Credit: 5 Gyres Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>plastic, sometimes referred to as “toxic mermaid tears,” are found in Lake Erie at three times the density of anywhere else on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic pollution also comes from pea-sized \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.nicholas.duke.edu/thegreengrok/nurdlepollution-2/\">nurdles\u003c/a>, the preproduction base for plastics products. They enter waterways during the plastic industry’s manufacturing and shipping processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another small particle that packs a big plastic punch comes from facial scrubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at 5 Gyre discovered tiny round balls in Lake Erie water samples that they say are a perfect match with the microbeads found in certain face washes. According to the research group, \u003ca href=\"http://5gyres.org/posts/2013/04/16/do_plastic_micro_beads_from_facial_scrubbers_escape_sewage_treatment/\">water samples\u003c/a> from Lake Erie were loaded with these microbeads. They plan to publish their results this summer in the journal \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-pollution-bulletin/\">Marine Pollution Bulletin\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong>\u003cem> \u003c/em>and are urging companies to phase out plastic microbead scrubbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why does plastic in Lake Erie matter?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Over time, plastics easily attract and hold hazardous \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/international/toxics/pop.html#pops\">persistent organic pollutants\u003c/a> (POPs). It’s been documented that marine animals eat these plastics, affecting their digestive systems and possibly causing malnutrition. Officials with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources say this summer they’re following up with surveys of plastic content in Lake Erie fish. If people eat fish that have consumed plastic particles, it’s likely that the plastic chemicals will end up in humans, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Lake Erie is a source of water for many cities, there’s also a concern that these plastics could leach chemicals into the water supply that may be harmful to humans. One chemical of concern is bisphenol A (BPA), which is found in many plastics and coatings and is a \u003ca href=\"http://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/text_version/chemicals.php?id=69\">known endocrine disrupter.\u003c/a> Not only can BPA and other chemicals leach into the contents of a container, such as bottled water, or person using a certain product, such as thermal receipt paper or BPA-lined food cans, but chemicals like BPA can also leach into the surrounding environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What can be done?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The plastics in Lake Erie and elsewhere will not go away, but further pollution control is certainly possible. Right now remediation options are \u003ca href=\"http://www.pices.int/publications/presentations/PICES-2011/2011-W3/W3-1145-Baker.pdf\">generally unknown\u003c/a>, though some whimsical solutions have been proposed, such as \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/19-year-old-student-develops-ocean-cleanup-array-that-could-remove-7250000-tons-of-plastic-from-the-worlds-oceans/\">giant floating funnels\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/pacific-ocean-trash-cleans-up-nice-as-methods-new-soap-bottle/\">soap bottles\u003c/a> made of ocean trash. Many organizations, such as the United Nations, are aware of the need to remediate waters and protect them from additional plastic pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Unilever and Johnson & Johnson have already begun to phase out microbeads because of pollution concerns and public pressure. In addition, some organizations, like \u003ca href=\"http://plasticpollutioncoalition.org/learn/get-started/\">Plastic Pollution Coalition\u003c/a>, have been working on behavior change in the public and industry to reduce the use of all forms of plastics. Scientists and advocates alike are urging individuals to help diminish the demand by doing simple things like drinking local \u003ca href=\"http://youtu.be/ALmHd5CnlVA\">tap water\u003c/a> instead of buying bottled water, using reusable containers instead of disposables, and buying \u003ca href=\"http://plasticfreeseas.org/microbeads.html.\">microbead-free products.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While more research is needed to document and quantify the full extent and impacts of the plastics pollution in Lake Erie and other waterways, there’s already enough data to know that it’s time to rethink our relationship with plastic.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/52708/troubled-waters-lake-eries-plastic-problem","authors":["10469"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_12","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12021","quest_12074","quest_10201","quest_10327","quest_12098","quest_10379","quest_2141","quest_12177","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_13365"],"featImg":"quest_58310","label":"quest"},"quest_52370":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_52370","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"52370","score":null,"sort":[1371049241000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"restoring-the-earths-kidneys","title":"Restoring the Earth's \"Kidneys\" ","publishDate":1371049241,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cdl>\n\u003cdd>\u003c/dd>\n\u003c/dl>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56236\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/img_0389_cropped.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56236\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/img_0389_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Anthony Titus, from Richmond Heights, Ohio, plants native grasses during an EPA-funded wetland restoration project.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/img_0389_cropped.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/img_0389_cropped-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anthony Titus, from Richmond Heights, Ohio, plants native grasses during an EPA-funded wetland restoration project.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Think of a wetland like a kidney. Just as kidneys filter blood in the body, wetlands filter pollutants out of waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is an especially important task in some urban areas, where big storm events can overwhelm the sewers and cause an overflow into nearby creeks and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2009 Fish and Wildlife \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Documents/Status-and-Trends-of-Wetlands-in-the-Coastal-Watersheds-of-the-Eastern-United-States-1998-to-2004-News-Release.pdf\">report\u003c/a>, wetlands along eastern coastal areas, like the Great Lakes, are disappearing at a rapid clip, with yearly losses of nearly 60,000 acres. But projects are underway to restore some of these wetlands, including one federally-funded effort in Cleveland, Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QUEST Ohio’s Anne Glausser reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe style=\"width: 300px;height: 24px;border: 0;overflow: hidden\" src=\"http://www.ideastream.org/common/embed/audio.php?year=2013&program=wetland0515\" width=\"320\" height=\"240\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56251\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/volunteer__l_2013.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-56251\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/volunteer__l_2013-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"Volunteers lend a hand to stabilize the streambank and restore Euclid Creek's damaged wetlands.\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers lend a hand to stabilize the streambank and restore Euclid Creek's damaged wetlands.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>TRANSCRIPT:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s planting day at Euclid Creek, near the Wildwood Marina in Cleveland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GLAUSSER: What a beautiful day. POSIUS: I know, I know, we’re so lucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m with Claire Posius of the Cuyahoga Soil and Water Conservation District who spearheads the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuyahogaswcd.org/euclidcreekfiles/ec_lacustrinerefuge.htm\">wetland restoration project\u003c/a> underway here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re standing at a ledge overlooking the creek and thinking about how best to get down there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I realize – too late – that I’m not wearing the right shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: It’s a little treacherous getting down so I’m trying to figure out…so you don’t mind going through the creek? Or we can walk all the way around? GLAUSSER: No, let’s go through, I’m fine, I’ll…these shoes need to be washed a little anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Sound of wading through creek)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We wade through a newly-restored creek bed near where the stream meets Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This whole area used to be an island, gnarled with invasive Japanese Knotweed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: It looked like a jungle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The island came about because of the nearby marina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During its development in the 30s, they needed somewhere to put all the dredged earth—so they dumped it into the creek and surrounding wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This created flooding problems upstream, so in the 80s the Army Corps came in and made a relief channel for the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a quick fix that solved the flooding problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it just channeled the water directly into Lake Erie, and did nothing to restore the wetland and its wildlife habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, says Posius, they’ve bulldozed the island, restored the wetland, and returned the creek to its natural, meandering state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: We’re just, we’re recreating what was here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northeast Ohio was once almost 90% wetland, but now only patches remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2009 Fish and Wildlife report, wetlands along eastern coastal areas, like the Great Lakes, are disappearing at a rapid clip, with yearly losses of nearly 60,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: It’s so rare that we find them now, that we haven’t developed on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a problem, says Posius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: They are like the kidney of our natural systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetlands filter pollutants from urban runoff, such as what comes from the pipe upstream from this creek mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: When we have these big storm events, the system becomes overburdened and then unfortunately our sanitary sewer and the stormwater combine in the same pipe and then come into the creeks and streams, unfortunately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now with the wetland restored, that natural filter is back in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetlands are also prime real-estate for biodiversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GLAUSSER: Why do fish like wetlands, and little puddles and crannies? POSIUS: Well there’s lots of habitat here. So before, the island was about 6’ above the water level so the fish couldn’t get up to the habitat. And what we’ve done also is remove all the invasive plants that’s crowded out all the natives and diversity, and we’re planting hundreds of different species that are native to wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says they’ve attracted ducks, herons, creek chubs…even a toothy resident:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: We’ve got a beaver that’s the size of a yellow lab…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Euclid Creek is pretty unusual to get this kind of attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetland restoration doesn’t come cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This project was backed by the \u003ca href=\"http://greatlakesrestoration.us/\">Great Lakes Restoration Initiative\u003c/a>, a federal program that’s funded nearly a billion dollars in cleanup projects since 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TITUS: Oh well, this one just crumbled. I don’t know how…(voice in the background: You can still plant it). Still plant it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony Titus is a sophomore at Richmond Heights and has an armful of native grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s one of thirty or so volunteers who have turned out on this sunny Saturday to help plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another is Pasa Barnett, who lives nearby and came out with his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BARNETT: We hadn’t been here probably in a year and we were just amazed at the transformation that had taken place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barnett’s managed to keep his shoes pretty clean—unlike me—but his hands are definitely dirty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BARNETT: It’s just, it’s nice to be a part of this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anne Glausser, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wcpn.org/\">90.3\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Urban development is impeding the ability of native wetlands to serve as natural filters, but efforts are underway in some places to reverse the damage.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1383336800,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.ideastream.org/common/embed/audio.php"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":48,"wordCount":888},"headData":{"title":"Restoring the Earth's \"Kidneys\" | KQED","description":"Urban development is impeding the ability of native wetlands to serve as natural filters, but efforts are underway in some places to reverse the damage.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Restoring the Earth's \"Kidneys\" ","datePublished":"2013-06-12T15:00:41.000Z","dateModified":"2013-11-01T20:13:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"52370 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=52370","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/06/12/restoring-the-earths-kidneys/","disqusTitle":"Restoring the Earth's \"Kidneys\" ","path":"/quest/52370/restoring-the-earths-kidneys","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdl>\n\u003cdd>\u003c/dd>\n\u003c/dl>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56236\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/img_0389_cropped.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56236\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/img_0389_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Anthony Titus, from Richmond Heights, Ohio, plants native grasses during an EPA-funded wetland restoration project.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/img_0389_cropped.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/img_0389_cropped-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anthony Titus, from Richmond Heights, Ohio, plants native grasses during an EPA-funded wetland restoration project.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Think of a wetland like a kidney. Just as kidneys filter blood in the body, wetlands filter pollutants out of waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is an especially important task in some urban areas, where big storm events can overwhelm the sewers and cause an overflow into nearby creeks and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2009 Fish and Wildlife \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Documents/Status-and-Trends-of-Wetlands-in-the-Coastal-Watersheds-of-the-Eastern-United-States-1998-to-2004-News-Release.pdf\">report\u003c/a>, wetlands along eastern coastal areas, like the Great Lakes, are disappearing at a rapid clip, with yearly losses of nearly 60,000 acres. But projects are underway to restore some of these wetlands, including one federally-funded effort in Cleveland, Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QUEST Ohio’s Anne Glausser reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe style=\"width: 300px;height: 24px;border: 0;overflow: hidden\" src=\"http://www.ideastream.org/common/embed/audio.php?year=2013&program=wetland0515\" width=\"320\" height=\"240\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56251\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/volunteer__l_2013.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-56251\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/volunteer__l_2013-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"Volunteers lend a hand to stabilize the streambank and restore Euclid Creek's damaged wetlands.\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers lend a hand to stabilize the streambank and restore Euclid Creek's damaged wetlands.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>TRANSCRIPT:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s planting day at Euclid Creek, near the Wildwood Marina in Cleveland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GLAUSSER: What a beautiful day. POSIUS: I know, I know, we’re so lucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m with Claire Posius of the Cuyahoga Soil and Water Conservation District who spearheads the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuyahogaswcd.org/euclidcreekfiles/ec_lacustrinerefuge.htm\">wetland restoration project\u003c/a> underway here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re standing at a ledge overlooking the creek and thinking about how best to get down there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I realize – too late – that I’m not wearing the right shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: It’s a little treacherous getting down so I’m trying to figure out…so you don’t mind going through the creek? Or we can walk all the way around? GLAUSSER: No, let’s go through, I’m fine, I’ll…these shoes need to be washed a little anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Sound of wading through creek)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We wade through a newly-restored creek bed near where the stream meets Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This whole area used to be an island, gnarled with invasive Japanese Knotweed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: It looked like a jungle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The island came about because of the nearby marina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During its development in the 30s, they needed somewhere to put all the dredged earth—so they dumped it into the creek and surrounding wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This created flooding problems upstream, so in the 80s the Army Corps came in and made a relief channel for the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a quick fix that solved the flooding problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it just channeled the water directly into Lake Erie, and did nothing to restore the wetland and its wildlife habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, says Posius, they’ve bulldozed the island, restored the wetland, and returned the creek to its natural, meandering state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: We’re just, we’re recreating what was here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northeast Ohio was once almost 90% wetland, but now only patches remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2009 Fish and Wildlife report, wetlands along eastern coastal areas, like the Great Lakes, are disappearing at a rapid clip, with yearly losses of nearly 60,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: It’s so rare that we find them now, that we haven’t developed on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a problem, says Posius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: They are like the kidney of our natural systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetlands filter pollutants from urban runoff, such as what comes from the pipe upstream from this creek mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: When we have these big storm events, the system becomes overburdened and then unfortunately our sanitary sewer and the stormwater combine in the same pipe and then come into the creeks and streams, unfortunately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now with the wetland restored, that natural filter is back in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetlands are also prime real-estate for biodiversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GLAUSSER: Why do fish like wetlands, and little puddles and crannies? POSIUS: Well there’s lots of habitat here. So before, the island was about 6’ above the water level so the fish couldn’t get up to the habitat. And what we’ve done also is remove all the invasive plants that’s crowded out all the natives and diversity, and we’re planting hundreds of different species that are native to wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says they’ve attracted ducks, herons, creek chubs…even a toothy resident:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: We’ve got a beaver that’s the size of a yellow lab…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Euclid Creek is pretty unusual to get this kind of attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetland restoration doesn’t come cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This project was backed by the \u003ca href=\"http://greatlakesrestoration.us/\">Great Lakes Restoration Initiative\u003c/a>, a federal program that’s funded nearly a billion dollars in cleanup projects since 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TITUS: Oh well, this one just crumbled. I don’t know how…(voice in the background: You can still plant it). Still plant it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony Titus is a sophomore at Richmond Heights and has an armful of native grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s one of thirty or so volunteers who have turned out on this sunny Saturday to help plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another is Pasa Barnett, who lives nearby and came out with his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BARNETT: We hadn’t been here probably in a year and we were just amazed at the transformation that had taken place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barnett’s managed to keep his shoes pretty clean—unlike me—but his hands are definitely dirty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BARNETT: It’s just, it’s nice to be a part of this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anne Glausser, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wcpn.org/\">90.3\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/52370/restoring-the-earths-kidneys","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_12021","quest_12269","quest_10201","quest_1293","quest_12098","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_10429","quest_12097","quest_3140"],"featImg":"quest_56236","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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