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Funk","firstName":"William H.","lastName":"Funk","slug":"williamfunk","email":"williamfunk3@icloud.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"William H. “Bill” Funk.\r\nA native of Kentucky, Bill writes primarily long-form and narrative creative nonfiction stories about our evolving relationship with the natural world. As a freelance writer and documentary filmmaker, his work has appeared in Birdwatcher's Digest, The Southern Quarterly and The Utne Reader. Bill enjoys hiking, literature, canoeing, birding, cinema, and arguing about politics and religion. He fosters pit bulls for a local dog rescue group and recently wrapped production of a documentary that he wrote and directed about efforts to save abandoned and abused dogs in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. Follow him @williamfunk3","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/02c77df41f73577c98c937d3db8acb36?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"William H. 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Photo credit: E.P. Mallory\" width=\"640\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (HWA) secretes a waxy wool-like material from its pores. Photo credit: E.P. Mallory\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Something is happening in the Appalachian forest, something deadly. The mighty stands of hemlock, the old-growth guardians of these ancient mountains, are succumbing to death by a billion cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65302\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 223px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/hem-removal-plot6-abp-apr09a_Harvard.FAS_.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65302 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/hem-removal-plot6-abp-apr09a_Harvard.FAS_-223x169.jpg\" alt=\"Eastern Hemlocks represents some of the oldest - and most threatened - trees in the country. Photo courtesy: Harvard Forest\" width=\"223\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eastern Hemlocks represents some of the oldest - and most threatened - trees in the country. Photo courtesy: Harvard Forest\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Go out into the Alleghenies, the Blue Ridge, or the Smokies and seek out the rushing waters of a mountain stream. Chances are you’ll see what I’ve seen: a skeletal scene with hundreds of giant hemlock trees standing dead on the riverbank, their leafless limbs reaching up to the sky like penitents begging for absolution. Both eastern (\u003cem>Tsuga canadensis\u003c/em>) and Carolina (\u003cem>T. caroliniana\u003c/em>) hemlocks are falling victim to an exotic insect called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/tennessee/explore/hemlock.xml\">hemlock woolly adelgid\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Adelges tsugae\u003c/em>), and the riverside areas of the mountainous eastern United States will likely never be the same again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65317\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/5449453-PPT_163_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65317 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/5449453-PPT_163_2-355x253.jpg\" alt=\"An adult hemlock woolly adelgid removed from its host plant and cleaned for imaging. Photo courtesy: Kelly Oten, Bugwood.org\" width=\"320\" height=\"228\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An adult hemlock woolly adelgid removed from its host plant and cleaned for imaging. Photo courtesy: Kelly Oten, Bugwood.org\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Accidently introduced to Virginia in the 1950s through the importation of ornamental Japanese weeping hemlocks, the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) is a purplish insect less than a millimeter long. It’s detectable mainly by its egg casings -- ghostly pale fibrous masses clotting the underside of the hemlock’s shoots. Over several years the HWA larvae feed on the phloem sap that carries life-giving sucrose to the tree’s elegant flattened-needle leaves, eventually causing them to wither and fall from lack of nutrients. And as the leaves fall, the trees starve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hemlocks are a keystone species, critical to the mountain waters of the eastern U.S. They are also our primary old-growth trees, living for more than 800 years and anchoring a complex riverine ecological community. Their great shaggy forms, 175-feet tall and more, line our highland waterways and provide year-round shade and soil stabilization to keep streams running cool and clear. Removing hemlocks has increased siltation and exposed the rivers and forest floor to greatly increased sunlight. This results in warmer waters and enormous changes in the vegetative composition of the forest floor, with attendant degradation of wildlife habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HWA has \u003ca href=\"http://na.fs.fed.us/fhp/hwa/maps/2012.pdf\">spread throughout much of the hemlocks’ range\u003c/a> and killed countless trees, a massive loss to biodiversity and the integrity of our mountain headwaters. \u003ca href=\"http://www.threatenedforests.com/\">The Alliance for Saving Threatened Forests\u003c/a>, a coalition composed of multiple universities and agencies based at North Carolina State, has arrived at two potential (and unfortunately long-term) methods of combatting HWA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65304\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 329px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/HWAEggs_WoolPulledApart_000_eggs_white_maine.gov_.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65304 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/HWAEggs_WoolPulledApart_000_eggs_white_maine.gov_-329x253.jpg\" alt=\"Each small white mass found on a hemlock twig has the potential to represent up to 300 individual insects. Courtesy: Maine.gov/dacf\" width=\"329\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Each small white mass found on a hemlock twig has the potential to represent up to 300 individual insects. Courtesy: US Forest Service\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first involves the remarkable discovery that a tiny fraction of hemlocks appear, for unknown reasons, to be largely resistant to HWA infestation; that is, the bugs permeate them like any other, but these trees are somehow able to carry on regardless (foresters refer to a grove of veteran survivors in New Jersey as the “Bulletproof Stand”). Perhaps over time the secret of their hidden strength can be understood and shared with the few isolated hemlocks that have as yet managed to avoid infestation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other gambit involves interbreeding natives with Asian hemlocks that coevolved with HWA and therefore have inborn means of defying it. Both of these methods will take a great deal of time, if they ever do succeed. Scott Salom, a professor of forest entomology at Virginia Tech and recognized expert on HWA, told me that the more direct method is to bring the battle to the bug via the introduction of predatory insects from Asia that have proven to be successful when released in sufficient numbers. The problem there, said Salom, is that “we’re unable to produce and release enough predators” to effectively counter the HWA onslaught. “There are maybe 1,000 predators applied to a hemlock stand infested with millions of HWA.” Valiant but vastly outnumbered, the predators simply would not be able to kill enough HWA to turn the tide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65306\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/ovisacs_jul06_002_hand_branch_Maine.gov_.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65306 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/ovisacs_jul06_002_hand_branch_Maine.gov_-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"The wool-like secretions of the hemlock woolly adelgid are visible throughout most of the year, and are generally between 1/16th and 1/8th inch across. Courtesy: Maine.gov/dacf\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The wool-like secretions of the hemlock woolly adelgid are visible throughout most of the year, and are generally between 1/16th and 1/8th inch across. Courtesy: Allison Kanoti, Maine Forest Service, MDACF\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salom said the key might be “integrated pest management,” whereby direct applications of chemical pesticides, which are highly effective in yards and small parks but impracticable in a sprawling forest environment, are coupled with predator releases and, perhaps in time, with the hybridization methods mentioned above. Of course, along with HWA our southern forests are also enjoying such nonnative killers as the emerald ash borer, whose larvae are boring into the inner bark of an ash tree near you; the apocalyptic-sounding thousand cankers disease caused by an exotic fungus that is overwhelming the black walnut (an important food source for native wildlife); and the redbay ambrosia beetle, which injects red bay trees, found along the southern coast, with a symbiotic fungus that the beetle then feeds upon while the fungus slowly kills the tree. There is even a “balsam” woolly adelgid that feeds on Frazer firs, an essential high-altitude tree of the southern Appalachians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these pests arrived on our shores via the globalized economy, which has historically accounted only for profits, and not the unintended losses that result from the movement of goods around the globe. Who could have imagined that a few decorative saplings brought over by some nursery half a century ago would lead, unwittingly, to the death throes of some of the oldest trees in the eastern United States?\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The tale of an exotic pest that threatens the survival of the east’s old-growth forests.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1388536136,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":966},"headData":{"title":"Look What’s Killing Our Oldest Trees | KQED","description":"The tale of an exotic pest that threatens the survival of the east’s old-growth forests.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Look What’s Killing Our Oldest Trees","datePublished":"2013-12-31T15:00:07.000Z","dateModified":"2014-01-01T00:28:56.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"62735 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=62735","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/12/31/hemlock-woolly-adelgid-invasive-insect-killing-hemlock-trees/","disqusTitle":"Look What’s Killing Our Oldest Trees","path":"/quest/62735/hemlock-woolly-adelgid-invasive-insect-killing-hemlock-trees","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65299\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/5571750007_eb7e5c6e58_o_EP-Mallory_marquee.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-65299\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/5571750007_eb7e5c6e58_o_EP-Mallory_marquee-640x199.jpg\" alt=\"The Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (HWA) secretes a waxy wool-like material from its pores. Photo credit: E.P. Mallory\" width=\"640\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (HWA) secretes a waxy wool-like material from its pores. Photo credit: E.P. Mallory\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Something is happening in the Appalachian forest, something deadly. The mighty stands of hemlock, the old-growth guardians of these ancient mountains, are succumbing to death by a billion cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65302\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 223px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/hem-removal-plot6-abp-apr09a_Harvard.FAS_.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65302 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/hem-removal-plot6-abp-apr09a_Harvard.FAS_-223x169.jpg\" alt=\"Eastern Hemlocks represents some of the oldest - and most threatened - trees in the country. Photo courtesy: Harvard Forest\" width=\"223\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eastern Hemlocks represents some of the oldest - and most threatened - trees in the country. Photo courtesy: Harvard Forest\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Go out into the Alleghenies, the Blue Ridge, or the Smokies and seek out the rushing waters of a mountain stream. Chances are you’ll see what I’ve seen: a skeletal scene with hundreds of giant hemlock trees standing dead on the riverbank, their leafless limbs reaching up to the sky like penitents begging for absolution. Both eastern (\u003cem>Tsuga canadensis\u003c/em>) and Carolina (\u003cem>T. caroliniana\u003c/em>) hemlocks are falling victim to an exotic insect called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/tennessee/explore/hemlock.xml\">hemlock woolly adelgid\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Adelges tsugae\u003c/em>), and the riverside areas of the mountainous eastern United States will likely never be the same again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65317\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/5449453-PPT_163_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65317 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/5449453-PPT_163_2-355x253.jpg\" alt=\"An adult hemlock woolly adelgid removed from its host plant and cleaned for imaging. Photo courtesy: Kelly Oten, Bugwood.org\" width=\"320\" height=\"228\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An adult hemlock woolly adelgid removed from its host plant and cleaned for imaging. Photo courtesy: Kelly Oten, Bugwood.org\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Accidently introduced to Virginia in the 1950s through the importation of ornamental Japanese weeping hemlocks, the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) is a purplish insect less than a millimeter long. It’s detectable mainly by its egg casings -- ghostly pale fibrous masses clotting the underside of the hemlock’s shoots. Over several years the HWA larvae feed on the phloem sap that carries life-giving sucrose to the tree’s elegant flattened-needle leaves, eventually causing them to wither and fall from lack of nutrients. And as the leaves fall, the trees starve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hemlocks are a keystone species, critical to the mountain waters of the eastern U.S. They are also our primary old-growth trees, living for more than 800 years and anchoring a complex riverine ecological community. Their great shaggy forms, 175-feet tall and more, line our highland waterways and provide year-round shade and soil stabilization to keep streams running cool and clear. Removing hemlocks has increased siltation and exposed the rivers and forest floor to greatly increased sunlight. This results in warmer waters and enormous changes in the vegetative composition of the forest floor, with attendant degradation of wildlife habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HWA has \u003ca href=\"http://na.fs.fed.us/fhp/hwa/maps/2012.pdf\">spread throughout much of the hemlocks’ range\u003c/a> and killed countless trees, a massive loss to biodiversity and the integrity of our mountain headwaters. \u003ca href=\"http://www.threatenedforests.com/\">The Alliance for Saving Threatened Forests\u003c/a>, a coalition composed of multiple universities and agencies based at North Carolina State, has arrived at two potential (and unfortunately long-term) methods of combatting HWA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65304\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 329px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/HWAEggs_WoolPulledApart_000_eggs_white_maine.gov_.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65304 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/HWAEggs_WoolPulledApart_000_eggs_white_maine.gov_-329x253.jpg\" alt=\"Each small white mass found on a hemlock twig has the potential to represent up to 300 individual insects. Courtesy: Maine.gov/dacf\" width=\"329\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Each small white mass found on a hemlock twig has the potential to represent up to 300 individual insects. Courtesy: US Forest Service\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first involves the remarkable discovery that a tiny fraction of hemlocks appear, for unknown reasons, to be largely resistant to HWA infestation; that is, the bugs permeate them like any other, but these trees are somehow able to carry on regardless (foresters refer to a grove of veteran survivors in New Jersey as the “Bulletproof Stand”). Perhaps over time the secret of their hidden strength can be understood and shared with the few isolated hemlocks that have as yet managed to avoid infestation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other gambit involves interbreeding natives with Asian hemlocks that coevolved with HWA and therefore have inborn means of defying it. Both of these methods will take a great deal of time, if they ever do succeed. Scott Salom, a professor of forest entomology at Virginia Tech and recognized expert on HWA, told me that the more direct method is to bring the battle to the bug via the introduction of predatory insects from Asia that have proven to be successful when released in sufficient numbers. The problem there, said Salom, is that “we’re unable to produce and release enough predators” to effectively counter the HWA onslaught. “There are maybe 1,000 predators applied to a hemlock stand infested with millions of HWA.” Valiant but vastly outnumbered, the predators simply would not be able to kill enough HWA to turn the tide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65306\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/ovisacs_jul06_002_hand_branch_Maine.gov_.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65306 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/ovisacs_jul06_002_hand_branch_Maine.gov_-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"The wool-like secretions of the hemlock woolly adelgid are visible throughout most of the year, and are generally between 1/16th and 1/8th inch across. Courtesy: Maine.gov/dacf\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The wool-like secretions of the hemlock woolly adelgid are visible throughout most of the year, and are generally between 1/16th and 1/8th inch across. Courtesy: Allison Kanoti, Maine Forest Service, MDACF\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salom said the key might be “integrated pest management,” whereby direct applications of chemical pesticides, which are highly effective in yards and small parks but impracticable in a sprawling forest environment, are coupled with predator releases and, perhaps in time, with the hybridization methods mentioned above. Of course, along with HWA our southern forests are also enjoying such nonnative killers as the emerald ash borer, whose larvae are boring into the inner bark of an ash tree near you; the apocalyptic-sounding thousand cankers disease caused by an exotic fungus that is overwhelming the black walnut (an important food source for native wildlife); and the redbay ambrosia beetle, which injects red bay trees, found along the southern coast, with a symbiotic fungus that the beetle then feeds upon while the fungus slowly kills the tree. There is even a “balsam” woolly adelgid that feeds on Frazer firs, an essential high-altitude tree of the southern Appalachians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these pests arrived on our shores via the globalized economy, which has historically accounted only for profits, and not the unintended losses that result from the movement of goods around the globe. Who could have imagined that a few decorative saplings brought over by some nursery half a century ago would lead, unwittingly, to the death throes of some of the oldest trees in the eastern United States?\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/62735/hemlock-woolly-adelgid-invasive-insect-killing-hemlock-trees","authors":["10531"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_12269","quest_12530","quest_12531","quest_1472","quest_12529","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3290","quest_2993","quest_10303","quest_12532"],"featImg":"quest_65293","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. 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No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. 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