QUEST TV - Keeping it Cool: Sea Otters, New Cars and Old Forests
QUEST TV: Highway to Hydrogen
In Search of the Oldest Stuff: Rocks of Ages
Has the Hydrogen Highway Become a Good Idea Again?
Reporter's Notes: Where's my Hydrogen Highway
The National Ignition Facility: An Energetic Defense
Sponsored
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Climate Change\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Highway to Hydrogen\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/highway-to-hydrogen-fuel-cell-vehicles/\">Highway to Hydrogen\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Building Better Forests\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/building-better-forests/\">Building Better Forests\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Penguin Sentinels\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/penguin-sentinels/\">Penguin Sentinels\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Discover how sea otters, hydrogen-powered cars and old-growth forests are helping to battle climate change. Also, learn how some Galapagos penguins are surviving warmer temperatures.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457556289,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":93},"headData":{"title":"QUEST TV - Keeping it Cool: Sea Otters, New Cars and Old Forests | KQED","description":"Discover how sea otters, hydrogen-powered cars and old-growth forests are helping to battle climate change. Also, learn how some Galapagos penguins are surviving warmer temperatures.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"QUEST TV - Keeping it Cool: Sea Otters, New Cars and Old Forests","datePublished":"2014-04-09T14:00:08.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T20:44:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"69317 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=69317","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/09/quest-tv-keeping-it-cool-sea-otters-new-cars-and-old-forests/","disqusTitle":"QUEST TV - Keeping it Cool: Sea Otters, New Cars and Old Forests","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Z--dVTF0ck","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/69317/quest-tv-keeping-it-cool-sea-otters-new-cars-and-old-forests","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>Episode Description\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meet biologists in Washington state exploring the surprising connection between sea otters and climate change; take a test drive in California with some new hydrogen-powered cars that only emit water vapor; and find out how scientists in Wisconsin are working to build a more resilient forest. Also, discover how some Galapagos penguins are surviving warmer temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Segment Details\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Watch the full 1/2 hour television episode above or watch individual segments and read accompanying articles:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Sea Otters v. Climate Change\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/sea-otters-urchins-kelp-climate-change/\">Sea Otters v. Climate Change\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Highway to Hydrogen\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/highway-to-hydrogen-fuel-cell-vehicles/\">Highway to Hydrogen\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Building Better Forests\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/building-better-forests/\">Building Better Forests\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Penguin Sentinels\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/penguin-sentinels/\">Penguin Sentinels\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/69317/quest-tv-keeping-it-cool-sea-otters-new-cars-and-old-forests","authors":["10216"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_6","quest_11765","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_13193","quest_499","quest_621","quest_984","quest_12803","quest_1132","quest_1151","quest_12269","quest_1161","quest_1425","quest_10014","quest_12804","quest_12805","quest_2046","quest_2149","quest_2349","quest_12550","quest_2893","quest_2983","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_69324","label":"source_quest_69317"},"quest_67636":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_67636","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"67636","score":null,"sort":[1394546410000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"highway-to-hydrogen-fuel-cell-vehicles","title":"QUEST TV: Highway to Hydrogen","publishDate":1394546410,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Bill Holloway loves showing off the sporty metallic sedan he uses to brave a150-mile commute to his job or while running errands around town. The 62-year-old resident of Alameda, California, will even hand over his keys -- as he did with me -- to individuals curious about the car and how it handles on neighborhood roads and busy highways. But what really makes his Mercedes a conversation starter is the fuel it uses: compressed hydrogen gas that gets converted into electricity to power the car’s electric motor and travel roughly 200 miles per fill-up, with water vapor as the only tailpipe emission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67735\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.23.13_JV0A1417_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-67735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.23.13_JV0A1417_2.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Holloway, a 62 year-old resident of Alameda, California, thinks his Mercedes hydrogen fuel cell car is the best city car he has ever owned. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.23.13_JV0A1417_2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.23.13_JV0A1417_2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Holloway, a 62 year-old resident of Alameda, California, thinks his Mercedes hydrogen fuel cell car is the best city car he has ever owned. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I took his hydrogen fuel cell vehicle for a spin, I had to agree that it was fun to drive and had that Ninja-quiet, electric car feel to it, much like a Toyota Prius. The comparison is apt, considering that in 2015, Toyota will release a new hydrogen car that can travel roughly 300 miles per fill-up, a range that is on par with conventional gasoline-powered cars. In spring 2014, Hyundai will release the \u003ca title=\"2015 Hyundai Tucson Fuel Cell | Hydrogen-Powered Vehicle | Hyundai\" href=\"https://www.hyundaiusa.com/tucsonfuelcell/\">Tucson Fuel Cell\u003c/a>, an SUV that runs on hydrogen, for Southern California motorists willing to put down $2999 and pay $499 a month for a three-year lease, fuel and maintenance included.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the commercial roll-out of new hydrogen cars is successful in California, the nation’s largest car market, the cars may then expand to other markets where concerns about CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> emissions and climate change resonate among voters and consumers. In October 2013, for example, seven other states joined California on an ambitious initiative to place more than three million zero-emission vehicles on the road by 2025, presenting both a challenge and an opportunity for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the federal government is showing renewed interest in fuel cell technology and the infrastructure the cars desperately need to take off. In May 2013, the Department of Energy launched H2USA, a public-private partnership that includes the American Gas Association, automakers and other industries working together to make the production and delivery of hydrogen fuel cheaper and more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67734\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.20.13_JV0A1347_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-67734\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.20.13_JV0A1347_2.jpg\" alt=\"Filling up a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is similar to filling up a conventional gasoline-powered car. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.20.13_JV0A1347_2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.20.13_JV0A1347_2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Filling up a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle takes a few minutes, much like refueling a conventional car with gasoline. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But as Holloway told me, “If someone wants a fuel cell car, I would give them a rousing thumbs up for their decision as long as they can find somewhere to fill it.” Currently, there is only one public hydrogen refueling station in Northern California where he can fill up his \u003ca title=\"B-Class F-CELL Electric Car - Fuel Cell Technology | Mercedes-Benz\" href=\"http://www.mbusa.com/mercedes/benz/green/electric_car\">Mercedes B-Class F-Cell\u003c/a>, which he leases from Mercedes for $950 a month, hydrogen included. At the time of our filming, only a handful of other drivers were leasing a Mercedes F-Cell in the San Francisco Bay Area, and only one other auto maker -- Honda -- was also leasing its fuel cell sedan, the \u003ca title=\"Honda FCX Clarity Overview - Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle - Site\" href=\"http://fcx.honda.com/\">FCX Clarity\u003c/a>, to motorists based in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With only 300 to 400 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles on the nation’s roads, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://cafcp.org/\">California Fuel Cell Partnership\u003c/a>, the lack of hydrogen refueling stations has been a major stumbling block. A decade after former governor Arnold Schwarzenegger’s failed plan to build hundreds of hydrogen refueling stations up and down the state, the California Fuel Cell Partnership is today promoting a “\u003ca href=\"http://m.cafcp.org/sites/files/20120814_Roadmapv(Overview).pdf\">road map\u003c/a>” to prioritize the construction of 68 new hydrogen refueling stations in five geographic regions, such as Silicon Valley and Santa Monica/West L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with 19 new hydrogen refueling stations already in development, which are being built with the help of public dollars, thanks to recent legislation signed by Governor Jerry Brown, it’s far from certain that drivers will enthusiastically get behind the wheel of hydrogen cars that already have some catching up to do with Nissan Leafs, Chevy Volts, and other zero-emission vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67747\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/JV0A1465_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-67747\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/JV0A1465_2.jpg\" alt='A glimpse under the hood of the Mercedes F-Cell hydrogen fuel cell car. It looks like a conventional vehicle, except for the green \"H2\" gas sticker. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science' width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/JV0A1465_2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/JV0A1465_2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A glimpse under the hood of the Mercedes F-Cell which uses hydrogen instead of gasoline for fuel. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But in a state where the Toyota Prius was the best-selling car in 2012 and 2013, hydrogen cars may still have a chance among drivers concerned about the environment and tech-savvy motorists like Bill Holloway, who leased his fuel cell car because it appealed to his inner geek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at his house, with his car parked in his driveway, Holloway lifted the hood to reveal a pretty conventional-looking array of car parts, such as a battery and an air compressor. “You open the hood and it’s a normal car,” he said. “You put the key in, you put it in drive, and away you go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just don’t make a road trip out of it or you may hit a dead end trying to find a place to fill up - for now, at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional footage and imagery used in “Highway to Hydrogen” QUEST video courtesy of: \u003c/em>\u003cem>American Honda Motor Co., Inc.; California Fuel Cell Partnership; Hyundai Motor America; KQED Newsroom; Lun So; Marc Marshall, Schatz Energy Research Center, Humboldt State University; Mercedes-Benz USA; Toyota Motor Corporation; University of California- Davis News Service\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Although auto makers have spent decades and billions of dollars to develop hydrogen fuel cell cars, only a few hundred of them are on the nation's roads. With new refueling stations in development and new models recently unveiled, are these zero-emission vehicles finally ready to roll? ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457555671,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":923},"headData":{"title":"QUEST TV: Highway to Hydrogen | KQED","description":"Although auto makers have spent decades and billions of dollars to develop hydrogen fuel cell cars, only a few hundred of them are on the nation's roads. With new refueling stations in development and new models recently unveiled, are these zero-emission vehicles finally ready to roll? ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"QUEST TV: Highway to Hydrogen","datePublished":"2014-03-11T14:00:10.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T20:34:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"67636 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=67636","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/11/highway-to-hydrogen-fuel-cell-vehicles/","disqusTitle":"QUEST TV: Highway to Hydrogen","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9m3542Qyws","source":"Energy","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/energy/","path":"/quest/67636/highway-to-hydrogen-fuel-cell-vehicles","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bill Holloway loves showing off the sporty metallic sedan he uses to brave a150-mile commute to his job or while running errands around town. The 62-year-old resident of Alameda, California, will even hand over his keys -- as he did with me -- to individuals curious about the car and how it handles on neighborhood roads and busy highways. But what really makes his Mercedes a conversation starter is the fuel it uses: compressed hydrogen gas that gets converted into electricity to power the car’s electric motor and travel roughly 200 miles per fill-up, with water vapor as the only tailpipe emission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67735\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.23.13_JV0A1417_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-67735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.23.13_JV0A1417_2.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Holloway, a 62 year-old resident of Alameda, California, thinks his Mercedes hydrogen fuel cell car is the best city car he has ever owned. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.23.13_JV0A1417_2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.23.13_JV0A1417_2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Holloway, a 62 year-old resident of Alameda, California, thinks his Mercedes hydrogen fuel cell car is the best city car he has ever owned. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I took his hydrogen fuel cell vehicle for a spin, I had to agree that it was fun to drive and had that Ninja-quiet, electric car feel to it, much like a Toyota Prius. The comparison is apt, considering that in 2015, Toyota will release a new hydrogen car that can travel roughly 300 miles per fill-up, a range that is on par with conventional gasoline-powered cars. In spring 2014, Hyundai will release the \u003ca title=\"2015 Hyundai Tucson Fuel Cell | Hydrogen-Powered Vehicle | Hyundai\" href=\"https://www.hyundaiusa.com/tucsonfuelcell/\">Tucson Fuel Cell\u003c/a>, an SUV that runs on hydrogen, for Southern California motorists willing to put down $2999 and pay $499 a month for a three-year lease, fuel and maintenance included.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the commercial roll-out of new hydrogen cars is successful in California, the nation’s largest car market, the cars may then expand to other markets where concerns about CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> emissions and climate change resonate among voters and consumers. In October 2013, for example, seven other states joined California on an ambitious initiative to place more than three million zero-emission vehicles on the road by 2025, presenting both a challenge and an opportunity for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the federal government is showing renewed interest in fuel cell technology and the infrastructure the cars desperately need to take off. In May 2013, the Department of Energy launched H2USA, a public-private partnership that includes the American Gas Association, automakers and other industries working together to make the production and delivery of hydrogen fuel cheaper and more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67734\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.20.13_JV0A1347_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-67734\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.20.13_JV0A1347_2.jpg\" alt=\"Filling up a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is similar to filling up a conventional gasoline-powered car. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.20.13_JV0A1347_2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/QBL_Hydrogen_SS_11.20.13_JV0A1347_2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Filling up a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle takes a few minutes, much like refueling a conventional car with gasoline. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But as Holloway told me, “If someone wants a fuel cell car, I would give them a rousing thumbs up for their decision as long as they can find somewhere to fill it.” Currently, there is only one public hydrogen refueling station in Northern California where he can fill up his \u003ca title=\"B-Class F-CELL Electric Car - Fuel Cell Technology | Mercedes-Benz\" href=\"http://www.mbusa.com/mercedes/benz/green/electric_car\">Mercedes B-Class F-Cell\u003c/a>, which he leases from Mercedes for $950 a month, hydrogen included. At the time of our filming, only a handful of other drivers were leasing a Mercedes F-Cell in the San Francisco Bay Area, and only one other auto maker -- Honda -- was also leasing its fuel cell sedan, the \u003ca title=\"Honda FCX Clarity Overview - Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle - Site\" href=\"http://fcx.honda.com/\">FCX Clarity\u003c/a>, to motorists based in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With only 300 to 400 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles on the nation’s roads, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://cafcp.org/\">California Fuel Cell Partnership\u003c/a>, the lack of hydrogen refueling stations has been a major stumbling block. A decade after former governor Arnold Schwarzenegger’s failed plan to build hundreds of hydrogen refueling stations up and down the state, the California Fuel Cell Partnership is today promoting a “\u003ca href=\"http://m.cafcp.org/sites/files/20120814_Roadmapv(Overview).pdf\">road map\u003c/a>” to prioritize the construction of 68 new hydrogen refueling stations in five geographic regions, such as Silicon Valley and Santa Monica/West L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with 19 new hydrogen refueling stations already in development, which are being built with the help of public dollars, thanks to recent legislation signed by Governor Jerry Brown, it’s far from certain that drivers will enthusiastically get behind the wheel of hydrogen cars that already have some catching up to do with Nissan Leafs, Chevy Volts, and other zero-emission vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67747\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/JV0A1465_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-67747\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/JV0A1465_2.jpg\" alt='A glimpse under the hood of the Mercedes F-Cell hydrogen fuel cell car. It looks like a conventional vehicle, except for the green \"H2\" gas sticker. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science' width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/JV0A1465_2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/JV0A1465_2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A glimpse under the hood of the Mercedes F-Cell which uses hydrogen instead of gasoline for fuel. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But in a state where the Toyota Prius was the best-selling car in 2012 and 2013, hydrogen cars may still have a chance among drivers concerned about the environment and tech-savvy motorists like Bill Holloway, who leased his fuel cell car because it appealed to his inner geek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at his house, with his car parked in his driveway, Holloway lifted the hood to reveal a pretty conventional-looking array of car parts, such as a battery and an air compressor. “You open the hood and it’s a normal car,” he said. “You put the key in, you put it in drive, and away you go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just don’t make a road trip out of it or you may hit a dead end trying to find a place to fill up - for now, at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional footage and imagery used in “Highway to Hydrogen” QUEST video courtesy of: \u003c/em>\u003cem>American Honda Motor Co., Inc.; California Fuel Cell Partnership; Hyundai Motor America; KQED Newsroom; Lun So; Marc Marshall, Schatz Energy Research Center, Humboldt State University; Mercedes-Benz USA; Toyota Motor Corporation; University of California- Davis News Service\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/67636/highway-to-hydrogen-fuel-cell-vehicles","authors":["6176"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_12658","quest_12269","quest_12653","quest_1425","quest_12650","quest_12654","quest_12655","quest_12657","quest_13","quest_2893","quest_2967","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_67733","label":"source_quest_67636"},"quest_33721":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_33721","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"33721","score":null,"sort":[1332519929000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"in-search-of-the-oldest-stuff","title":"In Search of the Oldest Stuff: Rocks of Ages","publishDate":1332519929,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33722\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/23/in-search-of-the-oldest-stuff/mosaiccanyon/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33722\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mosaiccanyon.jpg\" alt=\"Precambrian Noonday deposit in Mosaic Canyon, Death Valley\" title=\"Precambrian Noonday deposit in Mosaic Canyon, Death Valley\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33722\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mosaiccanyon.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mosaiccanyon-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Precambrian Noonday deposit in Mosaic Canyon, Death Valley\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What's the oldest stuff you’ve ever seen, or better still, touched? Have you ever felt awe from contact with something of great antiquity? How old can stuff be? These are questions that have ravaged my mind since childhood. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've always loved things of antiquity—antique objects, artifacts, fossils, and rocks. \"Like.\" But what's that got to do with astronomy and space? Well, that's where all the oldest stuff originally comes from...but I'll get to that in a moment. First, an anecdote about old stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In search of the oldest stuff, there I was at Badwater, in Death Valley, the lowest point in the continental US (the place where you crane your neck and strain your eyes to make out the words \"Sea Level\" on the sign \u003ca href=\"http://images.californiathroughmylens.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/badwater-below-sea-level.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">waaaay up the cliff\u003c/a>). Not far off, to the south, an alluvial fan slouched off into the salt pan, issuing from an unseen but obviously existent canyon in the mountains that make up the east wall of the valley. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had learned at the visitor center that those mountains (the Black Mountains) are made of some \u003ca href=\"http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/parks/deva/ftbad1.html\" target=\"_blank\">very old rock\u003c/a>: Precambrian rock that was originally laid down about 1.7 billion years ago!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, up the alluvial fan I scramble, turn left, and up the deep, narrow canyon that the alluvium betrayed…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…to the base of a dry waterfall…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…to a wall of raw, exposed rock, the very bones of the Black Mountains…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…and reach out a hand, pressing palm and fingers firmly to the stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahh….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1.7 billion years old; that rock I touched had been rock (albeit slowly transforming) for over a third of Earth's existence, and over a tenth the age of the universe itself. I don't know about you, but I find that awesome! And I had my hand right on it! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we talk about the age of a rock, it is measured from the time the rock solidified (\"aggregated\"), either with the cooling of molten lava or magma, or the solidification of sediment. Finding really old rocks on Earth is complicated by weather and geologic processes, which continually transform, bury, and \"disaggregate\" them. Even so, very old rock can be found in certain places, like Greenland, Canada, Australia, and Africa. We're talking about ages between 2.5 and 3.8 billion years, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/09/080925144624.htm\" target=\"_blank\">maybe more\u003c/a>. I'd like to get my hand on some of that!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Get away from Earth and its rock-disaggregating processes and you can find some much older stuff. On the Moon, pretty much all of the material you find lying about is \u003ca href=\"http://www.moonzoo.org/Lunar_Geology\" target=\"_blank\">at least twice as old\u003c/a> as that stuff I put my hand on at the base of the Black Mountains. On the Moon, significant surface activity (volcanism, bombardment by asteroids) ended some 3 billion years ago, and since then the crust has remained more or less unchanged, other than alterations caused by the occasional meteorite impact. The youngest rocks on the Moon are about the same age as most of the Earth's oldest stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We even have a piece of that old stuff at Chabot: a chunk of 3.3 billion year old basalt brought back by Apollo 15 astronauts--and the only things that separate my hand from its speckly gray surface are two panes of glass and some nitrogen gas. Alas!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Get out to an asteroid or a comet and you may very well be setting foot on stuff that's over 4.5 billion years old, unchanged since the formation of our solar system! Within our solar system, that's about as old as stuff gets, but venture beyond it, perhaps to a planetary system that is older than ours, and you'll undoubtedly find older stuff! (This blog post is beginning to ring of George Carlin material.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what's the oldest stuff? I can't give you a rock of age beyond a certain point in time, because it took the early universe some time to develop the elements needed to build rocks-as-we-know-them, through nucleosynthesis in the cores of stars. Before that time, the only \"stuff\" around (at least that we would recognize as stuff; we won't go into dark stuff right now) was hydrogen and helium, which cannot by themselves a rock make. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that primordial hydrogen and helium, the original building blocks of all material substances, has been around almost from the beginning of time, 13.7 billion years ago, soon after the Big Bang burst forth on the scene (whatever scene that may have been). Hydrogen, found in every water molecule in every glass of water you drink, in vast abundance within the oceans and waterways of the Earth, and through and through your own body, head to toe, is stuff we live and breathe, and is as old as the universe itself! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don't know about you, but I find that spine-tingling.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"What's the oldest stuff you've ever seen, or better still, touched? Have you felt awe from contact with something of great antiquity? How old can stuff be? ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370999073,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":847},"headData":{"title":"In Search of the Oldest Stuff: Rocks of Ages | KQED","description":"What's the oldest stuff you've ever seen, or better still, touched? Have you felt awe from contact with something of great antiquity? How old can stuff be? ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"In Search of the Oldest Stuff: Rocks of Ages","datePublished":"2012-03-23T16:25:29.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T01:04:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"33721 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=33721","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/23/in-search-of-the-oldest-stuff/","disqusTitle":"In Search of the Oldest Stuff: Rocks of Ages","path":"/quest/33721/in-search-of-the-oldest-stuff","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33722\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/23/in-search-of-the-oldest-stuff/mosaiccanyon/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33722\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mosaiccanyon.jpg\" alt=\"Precambrian Noonday deposit in Mosaic Canyon, Death Valley\" title=\"Precambrian Noonday deposit in Mosaic Canyon, Death Valley\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33722\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mosaiccanyon.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mosaiccanyon-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Precambrian Noonday deposit in Mosaic Canyon, Death Valley\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What's the oldest stuff you’ve ever seen, or better still, touched? Have you ever felt awe from contact with something of great antiquity? How old can stuff be? These are questions that have ravaged my mind since childhood. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've always loved things of antiquity—antique objects, artifacts, fossils, and rocks. \"Like.\" But what's that got to do with astronomy and space? Well, that's where all the oldest stuff originally comes from...but I'll get to that in a moment. First, an anecdote about old stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In search of the oldest stuff, there I was at Badwater, in Death Valley, the lowest point in the continental US (the place where you crane your neck and strain your eyes to make out the words \"Sea Level\" on the sign \u003ca href=\"http://images.californiathroughmylens.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/badwater-below-sea-level.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">waaaay up the cliff\u003c/a>). Not far off, to the south, an alluvial fan slouched off into the salt pan, issuing from an unseen but obviously existent canyon in the mountains that make up the east wall of the valley. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had learned at the visitor center that those mountains (the Black Mountains) are made of some \u003ca href=\"http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/parks/deva/ftbad1.html\" target=\"_blank\">very old rock\u003c/a>: Precambrian rock that was originally laid down about 1.7 billion years ago!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, up the alluvial fan I scramble, turn left, and up the deep, narrow canyon that the alluvium betrayed…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…to the base of a dry waterfall…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…to a wall of raw, exposed rock, the very bones of the Black Mountains…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…and reach out a hand, pressing palm and fingers firmly to the stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahh….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1.7 billion years old; that rock I touched had been rock (albeit slowly transforming) for over a third of Earth's existence, and over a tenth the age of the universe itself. I don't know about you, but I find that awesome! And I had my hand right on it! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we talk about the age of a rock, it is measured from the time the rock solidified (\"aggregated\"), either with the cooling of molten lava or magma, or the solidification of sediment. Finding really old rocks on Earth is complicated by weather and geologic processes, which continually transform, bury, and \"disaggregate\" them. Even so, very old rock can be found in certain places, like Greenland, Canada, Australia, and Africa. We're talking about ages between 2.5 and 3.8 billion years, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/09/080925144624.htm\" target=\"_blank\">maybe more\u003c/a>. I'd like to get my hand on some of that!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Get away from Earth and its rock-disaggregating processes and you can find some much older stuff. On the Moon, pretty much all of the material you find lying about is \u003ca href=\"http://www.moonzoo.org/Lunar_Geology\" target=\"_blank\">at least twice as old\u003c/a> as that stuff I put my hand on at the base of the Black Mountains. On the Moon, significant surface activity (volcanism, bombardment by asteroids) ended some 3 billion years ago, and since then the crust has remained more or less unchanged, other than alterations caused by the occasional meteorite impact. The youngest rocks on the Moon are about the same age as most of the Earth's oldest stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We even have a piece of that old stuff at Chabot: a chunk of 3.3 billion year old basalt brought back by Apollo 15 astronauts--and the only things that separate my hand from its speckly gray surface are two panes of glass and some nitrogen gas. Alas!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Get out to an asteroid or a comet and you may very well be setting foot on stuff that's over 4.5 billion years old, unchanged since the formation of our solar system! Within our solar system, that's about as old as stuff gets, but venture beyond it, perhaps to a planetary system that is older than ours, and you'll undoubtedly find older stuff! (This blog post is beginning to ring of George Carlin material.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what's the oldest stuff? I can't give you a rock of age beyond a certain point in time, because it took the early universe some time to develop the elements needed to build rocks-as-we-know-them, through nucleosynthesis in the cores of stars. Before that time, the only \"stuff\" around (at least that we would recognize as stuff; we won't go into dark stuff right now) was hydrogen and helium, which cannot by themselves a rock make. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that primordial hydrogen and helium, the original building blocks of all material substances, has been around almost from the beginning of time, 13.7 billion years ago, soon after the Big Bang burst forth on the scene (whatever scene that may have been). Hydrogen, found in every water molecule in every glass of water you drink, in vast abundance within the oceans and waterways of the Earth, and through and through your own body, head to toe, is stuff we live and breathe, and is as old as the universe itself! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don't know about you, but I find that spine-tingling.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/33721/in-search-of-the-oldest-stuff","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_233","quest_316","quest_10895","quest_544","quest_658","quest_782","quest_1425","quest_10894","quest_13202","quest_2447","quest_3034"],"featImg":"quest_33722","label":"quest"},"quest_5906":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_5906","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"5906","score":null,"sort":[1273852818000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"has-the-hydrogen-highway-become-a-good-idea-again","title":"Has the Hydrogen Highway Become a Good Idea Again?","publishDate":1273852818,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/05/PastedGraphic-1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Now, after an exciting discovery at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), the hydrogen highway is a good idea whose time may have come around.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember the Hydrogen Highway that would run the length of California and provide the infrastructure for the Hydrogen Economy? California Governor Arnold Schwartzenegger talked up the idea in his 2004 State of the State Address:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I am going to encourage the building of a hydrogen highway to take us to the environmental future...I intend to show the world that economic growth and the environment can coexist.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might have been a good idea, but a bit premature in 2004. Now, after an exciting discovery at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (\u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov\">LBNL\u003c/a>), it’s a good idea whose time may have come around. Hemamala Karunadasa, Christopher Chang, and Jeffrey Long, who hold joint appointments at LBNL and UC Berkeley, discovered \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/news-releases/2010/04/30/inexpensive-catalyst-for-generating-hydrogen-from-water/\">a cheap way to create hydrogen from water\u003c/a>—even “dirty” water like seawater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen is normally created from natural gas, or some other fossil fuel; it can also be created using electricity, water, and a catalyst capable of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen. Once created from an energy source, hydrogen is used in fuel cells to create electricity, or it can be burned directly, for example, in a combustion engine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you use renewable energy, such as electricity produced from the sun or wind, to create hydrogen, it’s a clean and carbon free process that doesn’t add any greenhouse gases to the atmosphere or use up any fossil fuels—like the kind floating towards the Louisiana wetlands in the Gulf of Mexico. But it requires a catalyst; unfortunately, the most common and effective catalyst is platinum, which is a precious and expensive metal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The LBNL scientists have discovered a catalyst for the production of hydrogen from water that is 70 times cheaper than platinum—it’s based on molybdenum, an abundant metal that is commonly used in steal alloys. So creating hydrogen has become clean and cheap! There are still some issues to work out—for example, how to transport hydrogen long distances and how to create cheaper fuel cells—but the hydrogen highway has taken a big step toward reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8768 -122.251\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Now, after an exciting discovery at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), the hydrogen highway is a good idea whose time may have come around.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1367354190,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":384},"headData":{"title":"Has the Hydrogen Highway Become a Good Idea Again? | KQED","description":"Now, after an exciting discovery at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), the hydrogen highway is a good idea whose time may have come around.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Has the Hydrogen Highway Become a Good Idea Again?","datePublished":"2010-05-14T16:00:18.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-30T20:36:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"5906 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2010/05/14/has-the-hydrogen-highway-become-a-good-idea-again/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/05/14/has-the-hydrogen-highway-become-a-good-idea-again/","disqusTitle":"Has the Hydrogen Highway Become a Good Idea Again?","WpOldSlug":"when-the-sun-don%e2%80%99t-shine-and-the-wind-don%e2%80%99t-blow","path":"/quest/5906/has-the-hydrogen-highway-become-a-good-idea-again","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/05/PastedGraphic-1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Now, after an exciting discovery at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), the hydrogen highway is a good idea whose time may have come around.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember the Hydrogen Highway that would run the length of California and provide the infrastructure for the Hydrogen Economy? California Governor Arnold Schwartzenegger talked up the idea in his 2004 State of the State Address:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I am going to encourage the building of a hydrogen highway to take us to the environmental future...I intend to show the world that economic growth and the environment can coexist.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might have been a good idea, but a bit premature in 2004. Now, after an exciting discovery at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (\u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov\">LBNL\u003c/a>), it’s a good idea whose time may have come around. Hemamala Karunadasa, Christopher Chang, and Jeffrey Long, who hold joint appointments at LBNL and UC Berkeley, discovered \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/news-releases/2010/04/30/inexpensive-catalyst-for-generating-hydrogen-from-water/\">a cheap way to create hydrogen from water\u003c/a>—even “dirty” water like seawater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen is normally created from natural gas, or some other fossil fuel; it can also be created using electricity, water, and a catalyst capable of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen. Once created from an energy source, hydrogen is used in fuel cells to create electricity, or it can be burned directly, for example, in a combustion engine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you use renewable energy, such as electricity produced from the sun or wind, to create hydrogen, it’s a clean and carbon free process that doesn’t add any greenhouse gases to the atmosphere or use up any fossil fuels—like the kind floating towards the Louisiana wetlands in the Gulf of Mexico. But it requires a catalyst; unfortunately, the most common and effective catalyst is platinum, which is a precious and expensive metal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The LBNL scientists have discovered a catalyst for the production of hydrogen from water that is 70 times cheaper than platinum—it’s based on molybdenum, an abundant metal that is commonly used in steal alloys. So creating hydrogen has become clean and cheap! There are still some issues to work out—for example, how to transport hydrogen long distances and how to create cheaper fuel cells—but the hydrogen highway has taken a big step toward reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8768 -122.251\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/5906/has-the-hydrogen-highway-become-a-good-idea-again","authors":["10175"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_616","quest_1266","quest_1425","quest_1627"],"label":"quest"},"quest_2780":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_2780","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"2780","score":null,"sort":[1244850551000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-wheres-my-hydrogen-highway","title":"Reporter's Notes: Where's my Hydrogen Highway","publishDate":1244850551,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/wheres-my-hydrogen-highway\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/radio3-35_hydrogen300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen is not exactly a fuel. That is, we don't burn it to make energy. It's used more as a medium for \u003ca href=\"http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/industry/4199381.html\" target=\"_blank\">storing and transporting energy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of hydrogen fuel cell systems is based on a simple concept. When you combine hydrogen with oxygen, energy is released. You get electricity. What makes it such a clean technology is that the byproducts of that chemical reaction are just heat and water. So when a \u003ca href=\"http://www.greencar.com/articles/hydrogen-fuel-cells-work.php\" target=\"_blank\">fuel cell\u003c/a> takes hydrogen from a fuel tank and combines it with oxygen in the air, it produces electricity and emits only a wisp of heated water vapor from the tailpipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen is combustible (remember the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10033397\" target=\"_blank\">Hindenburg\u003c/a>?), and needs to be handled carefully. However, there are easy ways to demonstrate electrolysis, which breaks water apart into oxygen and hydrogen, and the opposite process of joining those chemicals. In fact, you could \u003ca href=\"http://scitoys.com/scitoys/scitoys/echem/fuel_cell/fuel_cell.html\" target=\"_blank\">make a type of fuel cell in your kitchen\u003c/a>, with a popsicle stick, battery clips, Scotch tape and a few other household products. You do need one item that can't be found in your kitchen: platinum wire or platinum-coated nickel wire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. And hydrogen fuel cell conversion is a squeaky clean technology. But the production of hydrogen for use in fuel cells -- that can produce a lot of carbon dioxide. In fact, most hydrogen is currently made by stripping, or re-forming, natural gas. That's one of the ongoing criticisms of fuel-cell technology, that it generates greenhouse gas emissions just to get the hydrogen in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuel cells also can store energy generated by solar-powered electrolysis, as well as similar energy generated by wind and hydropower. That's the kind of hydrogen generation that advocates hope to eventually use in fuel cells. But being able to store energy also makes it extremely attractive to harnessing wind, solar and hydropower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, California could generate a lot of wind energy at night, but since electricity has to be used right away, that nighttime, offpeak energy is less valuable. But if it could be stored in a fuel cell through the electrolysis process, that would make it much more lucrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/wheres-my-hydrogen-highway\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/wheres-my-hydrogen-highway\">Listen to the Where's my Hydrogen Highway?\u003c/a> radio report online, and watch our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/web-extra-hydrogen-highway-slideshow\">Web Extra Slideshow\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.68203 -121.7683\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Hydrogen is not exactly a fuel. That is, we don't burn it to make energy. It's used more as a medium for storing and transporting energy.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1367353327,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":395},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: Where's my Hydrogen Highway | KQED","description":"Hydrogen is not exactly a fuel. That is, we don't burn it to make energy. It's used more as a medium for storing and transporting energy.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Reporter's Notes: Where's my Hydrogen Highway","datePublished":"2009-06-12T23:49:11.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-30T20:22:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"2780 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=2780","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/06/12/reporters-notes-wheres-my-hydrogen-highway/","disqusTitle":"Reporter's Notes: Where's my Hydrogen Highway","path":"/quest/2780/reporters-notes-wheres-my-hydrogen-highway","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/wheres-my-hydrogen-highway\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/radio3-35_hydrogen300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen is not exactly a fuel. That is, we don't burn it to make energy. It's used more as a medium for \u003ca href=\"http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/industry/4199381.html\" target=\"_blank\">storing and transporting energy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of hydrogen fuel cell systems is based on a simple concept. When you combine hydrogen with oxygen, energy is released. You get electricity. What makes it such a clean technology is that the byproducts of that chemical reaction are just heat and water. So when a \u003ca href=\"http://www.greencar.com/articles/hydrogen-fuel-cells-work.php\" target=\"_blank\">fuel cell\u003c/a> takes hydrogen from a fuel tank and combines it with oxygen in the air, it produces electricity and emits only a wisp of heated water vapor from the tailpipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen is combustible (remember the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10033397\" target=\"_blank\">Hindenburg\u003c/a>?), and needs to be handled carefully. However, there are easy ways to demonstrate electrolysis, which breaks water apart into oxygen and hydrogen, and the opposite process of joining those chemicals. In fact, you could \u003ca href=\"http://scitoys.com/scitoys/scitoys/echem/fuel_cell/fuel_cell.html\" target=\"_blank\">make a type of fuel cell in your kitchen\u003c/a>, with a popsicle stick, battery clips, Scotch tape and a few other household products. You do need one item that can't be found in your kitchen: platinum wire or platinum-coated nickel wire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. And hydrogen fuel cell conversion is a squeaky clean technology. But the production of hydrogen for use in fuel cells -- that can produce a lot of carbon dioxide. In fact, most hydrogen is currently made by stripping, or re-forming, natural gas. That's one of the ongoing criticisms of fuel-cell technology, that it generates greenhouse gas emissions just to get the hydrogen in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuel cells also can store energy generated by solar-powered electrolysis, as well as similar energy generated by wind and hydropower. That's the kind of hydrogen generation that advocates hope to eventually use in fuel cells. But being able to store energy also makes it extremely attractive to harnessing wind, solar and hydropower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, California could generate a lot of wind energy at night, but since electricity has to be used right away, that nighttime, offpeak energy is less valuable. But if it could be stored in a fuel cell through the electrolysis process, that would make it much more lucrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/wheres-my-hydrogen-highway\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/wheres-my-hydrogen-highway\">Listen to the Where's my Hydrogen Highway?\u003c/a> radio report online, and watch our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/web-extra-hydrogen-highway-slideshow\">Web Extra Slideshow\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.68203 -121.7683\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/2780/reporters-notes-wheres-my-hydrogen-highway","authors":["8656"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_499","quest_13197","quest_13198","quest_1151","quest_1367","quest_1425","quest_1427","quest_1586","quest_13206","quest_2983"],"label":"quest"},"quest_2657":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_2657","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"2657","score":null,"sort":[1243889796000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-national-ignition-facility-an-energetic-defense","title":"The National Ignition Facility: An Energetic Defense","publishDate":1243889796,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/hol1.jpg\">\u003c/span>This past Friday, a few thousand folks attended Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to see dignitaries including California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein dedicated the world's newest and most powerful laser, the \u003ca href=\"https://lasers.llnl.gov/\">National Ignition Facility\u003c/a> (NIF).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Schwarzenegger, clad in a pink tie-- an odd sartorial choice for dedicating this giant hulk of a building housing 500 trillion watt laser housed within-- nevertheless succeeded in channeling at least some of his Hollywood days. When they originally visited the facility last November, \"we were so excited that we said, 'We'll be back.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project's goal is to focus 192 laser beams onto a BB-sized capsule of hydrogen fuel in order to heat it to the point of \u003cem>ignition\u003c/em>, that is, to achieve a nuclear fusion reaction where more energy comes out of the capsule than is put in. Fusion is the common process for creating energy in the Sun, and has been demonstrated on Earth both in the apocalyptic specter of thermonuclear weapons and in the more hope-inspiring form of plasma reactors such as those at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.jet.efda.org/\">Joint European Torus\u003c/a> (JET) in Britain. However, ignition has yet to be demonstrated, as JET requires a constant influx of energy greater than anything it is capable of producing. If all goes well within the next several months, ignition could be achieved at NIF as early as 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all of these exciting aspirations and promise of new technology, the press' reaction to NIF throughout the twelve years of its construction has been often lukewarm, and at worst scornful. Some of this has been deserved, and it is certainly true that the facility's $3.5 billion dollar construction cost is a hard price tag to swallow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, NIF is a worthy scientific cause and might well turn out to be an excellent investment. To put things a little bit into perspective, other large science projects are similarly expensive. The \u003ca href=\"http://lhc.web.cern.ch/lhc/\">Large Hadron Collider\u003c/a> (LHC) at CERN and the \u003ca href=\"http://hubble.nasa.gov/\">Hubble Space Telescope\u003c/a> have both been estimated at about $6 billion. Dianne Feinstein argued in the past (and reminded the audience at Friday's dedication) that Enron needlessly cost $9 billion during the California Energy Crisis. Put another way, with $9 billion you could (a) experience rolling blackouts while Enron power traders cheer for wildfires ravaging your countryside, or (b) assemble the world's most powerful laser and use it to bring the nation to the brink of being able to replicate, in a controlled manner, the sorts of reactions that power the Sun. Twice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The physics promise of the NIF, meanwhile, is truly fascinating on all three fronts of NIF's stated goals: energy production, basic research, and national security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power\">Fission reactors\u003c/a>, which extract atomic energy from the splitting of large atoms such as uranium, have been a viable source of energy since 1954. However, the waste they produce remains radioactive for thousands of years. Potential \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power\">fusion plants\u003c/a>, on the other hand, would operate by an altogether different mechanism: the merging of much smaller hydrogen atoms. Radioactive byproducts are still generated, but the timescale for their radioactivity is shorter, on the order of 10 to 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A significant line of inquiry has already been pursued toward commercially viable nuclear fusion at JET and its planned successor, \u003ca href=\"http://www.iter.org/default.aspx\">ITER\u003c/a>. Such experiments employ powerful magnetic fields to maintain hydrogen plasma in a confined space and heat it to the point of fusion as it soars around inside a doughnut-shaped ring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NIF serves as a valuable compliment to these magnetic confinement experiments. Instead of forcing a fusion reaction to perpetuate using costly magnetic fields, the NIF laser will attempt to blast its fuel with so much energy in such a short time period that the fuel will have no time to expand before it undergoes fusion. \"If it works, developments at NIF would entirely reshape the dialogue on nuclear fusion energy,\" said Brian MacGowan, a NIF Program Director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the most optimistic estimates place the viability of these types of energy sources 20 years into the future. NIF itself will never be able to function as a power generator even if all experiments performed at the facility proceed exactly as planned. The raw potential for such power extraction is nevertheless tantalizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, there is basic research potential for NIF beyond fusion power. Stars are typically easy to observe from a distance but inevitably too far away and too inhospitable to explore up close. A miniaturized version of the reaction as created in the NIF target bay could provide an interesting model system. There is no way to tell, but it could be that hand in hand with this ability comes a better understanding of some of the deepest outstanding questions in physics as well, such as the nature of dark energy and dark matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NIF also offers a unique way for the U.S. to test the effects of nuclear weapons without violating the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_Test_Ban_Treaty\">Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty\u003c/a>. NNSA Administrator Tom D'Agostino noted at the dedication that, particularly as the United States' nuclear arsenal ages, this will provide the U.S. with invaluable data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We may emerge from this economic crisis a poorer, humbler country. Still, I hope that we are not yet so humble that we have lost the ability to dream big, and not yet so poor that we can no longer actively pursue at least a few of those dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.679754 -121.698912\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For all of the laser's exciting aspirations and promise of new technology, the press' reaction to NIF throughout the twelve years of its construction has been often lukewarm, and at worst scornful.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1243889796,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":912},"headData":{"title":"The National Ignition Facility: An Energetic Defense | KQED","description":"For all of the laser's exciting aspirations and promise of new technology, the press' reaction to NIF throughout the twelve years of its construction has been often lukewarm, and at worst scornful.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The National Ignition Facility: An Energetic Defense","datePublished":"2009-06-01T20:56:36.000Z","dateModified":"2009-06-01T20:56:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"2657 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=2657","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/06/01/the-national-ignition-facility-an-energetic-defense/","disqusTitle":"The National Ignition Facility: An Energetic Defense","path":"/quest/2657/the-national-ignition-facility-an-energetic-defense","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/hol1.jpg\">\u003c/span>This past Friday, a few thousand folks attended Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to see dignitaries including California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein dedicated the world's newest and most powerful laser, the \u003ca href=\"https://lasers.llnl.gov/\">National Ignition Facility\u003c/a> (NIF).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Schwarzenegger, clad in a pink tie-- an odd sartorial choice for dedicating this giant hulk of a building housing 500 trillion watt laser housed within-- nevertheless succeeded in channeling at least some of his Hollywood days. When they originally visited the facility last November, \"we were so excited that we said, 'We'll be back.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project's goal is to focus 192 laser beams onto a BB-sized capsule of hydrogen fuel in order to heat it to the point of \u003cem>ignition\u003c/em>, that is, to achieve a nuclear fusion reaction where more energy comes out of the capsule than is put in. Fusion is the common process for creating energy in the Sun, and has been demonstrated on Earth both in the apocalyptic specter of thermonuclear weapons and in the more hope-inspiring form of plasma reactors such as those at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.jet.efda.org/\">Joint European Torus\u003c/a> (JET) in Britain. However, ignition has yet to be demonstrated, as JET requires a constant influx of energy greater than anything it is capable of producing. If all goes well within the next several months, ignition could be achieved at NIF as early as 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all of these exciting aspirations and promise of new technology, the press' reaction to NIF throughout the twelve years of its construction has been often lukewarm, and at worst scornful. Some of this has been deserved, and it is certainly true that the facility's $3.5 billion dollar construction cost is a hard price tag to swallow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, NIF is a worthy scientific cause and might well turn out to be an excellent investment. To put things a little bit into perspective, other large science projects are similarly expensive. The \u003ca href=\"http://lhc.web.cern.ch/lhc/\">Large Hadron Collider\u003c/a> (LHC) at CERN and the \u003ca href=\"http://hubble.nasa.gov/\">Hubble Space Telescope\u003c/a> have both been estimated at about $6 billion. Dianne Feinstein argued in the past (and reminded the audience at Friday's dedication) that Enron needlessly cost $9 billion during the California Energy Crisis. Put another way, with $9 billion you could (a) experience rolling blackouts while Enron power traders cheer for wildfires ravaging your countryside, or (b) assemble the world's most powerful laser and use it to bring the nation to the brink of being able to replicate, in a controlled manner, the sorts of reactions that power the Sun. Twice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The physics promise of the NIF, meanwhile, is truly fascinating on all three fronts of NIF's stated goals: energy production, basic research, and national security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power\">Fission reactors\u003c/a>, which extract atomic energy from the splitting of large atoms such as uranium, have been a viable source of energy since 1954. However, the waste they produce remains radioactive for thousands of years. Potential \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power\">fusion plants\u003c/a>, on the other hand, would operate by an altogether different mechanism: the merging of much smaller hydrogen atoms. Radioactive byproducts are still generated, but the timescale for their radioactivity is shorter, on the order of 10 to 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A significant line of inquiry has already been pursued toward commercially viable nuclear fusion at JET and its planned successor, \u003ca href=\"http://www.iter.org/default.aspx\">ITER\u003c/a>. Such experiments employ powerful magnetic fields to maintain hydrogen plasma in a confined space and heat it to the point of fusion as it soars around inside a doughnut-shaped ring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NIF serves as a valuable compliment to these magnetic confinement experiments. Instead of forcing a fusion reaction to perpetuate using costly magnetic fields, the NIF laser will attempt to blast its fuel with so much energy in such a short time period that the fuel will have no time to expand before it undergoes fusion. \"If it works, developments at NIF would entirely reshape the dialogue on nuclear fusion energy,\" said Brian MacGowan, a NIF Program Director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the most optimistic estimates place the viability of these types of energy sources 20 years into the future. NIF itself will never be able to function as a power generator even if all experiments performed at the facility proceed exactly as planned. The raw potential for such power extraction is nevertheless tantalizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, there is basic research potential for NIF beyond fusion power. Stars are typically easy to observe from a distance but inevitably too far away and too inhospitable to explore up close. A miniaturized version of the reaction as created in the NIF target bay could provide an interesting model system. There is no way to tell, but it could be that hand in hand with this ability comes a better understanding of some of the deepest outstanding questions in physics as well, such as the nature of dark energy and dark matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NIF also offers a unique way for the U.S. to test the effects of nuclear weapons without violating the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_Test_Ban_Treaty\">Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty\u003c/a>. NNSA Administrator Tom D'Agostino noted at the dedication that, particularly as the United States' nuclear arsenal ages, this will provide the U.S. with invaluable data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We may emerge from this economic crisis a poorer, humbler country. Still, I hope that we are not yet so humble that we have lost the ability to dream big, and not yet so poor that we can no longer actively pursue at least a few of those dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.679754 -121.698912\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/2657/the-national-ignition-facility-an-energetic-defense","authors":["10205"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_16"],"tags":["quest_438","quest_1156","quest_1425","quest_1615","quest_1678","quest_1992","quest_2530"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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