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Feature Producer/ Director credits include “Saving Otter 501” for PBS NATURE and “Let All the Stories Be Told” which aired as part of KQED’s “Truly California” series.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/149e57c35ff69bf71c66389cd72ef943?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Amy Miller | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/149e57c35ff69bf71c66389cd72ef943?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/149e57c35ff69bf71c66389cd72ef943?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/amy-miller"},"anneglausser":{"type":"authors","id":"10270","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10270","found":true},"name":"Anne Glausser","firstName":"Anne","lastName":"Glausser","slug":"anneglausser","email":"anne.glausser@ideastream.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Anne Glausser is the Coordinating Producer for QUEST Ohio. 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Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Great Lakes states, 60 commercial ports rely on this practice. When dredged material is contaminated, it raises questions about how to dispose of it safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/aoc/cuyahoga/\">Cuyahoga River\u003c/a> in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/region2/water/dredge/\">dredging. \u003c/a> The standard practice has been to put the river muck in confined disposal facilities (\u003ca href=\"http://www.iadc-dredging.com/ul/cms/fck-uploaded/documents/PDF%20Facts%20About/facts-about-confined-disposal-facilities.pdf\">CDFs\u003c/a>). But now there’s a controversial new \u003ca href=\"http://wwwapp.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/401Applications/CHD2014/134292-Cuyahoga2014Dredge401application.pdf\">proposal\u003c/a> on the table to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie, a source of drinking water for more than 11 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt are hauled into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.portofcleveland.com/\">Port of Cleveland\u003c/a> and unloaded. This commerce supports more than 17,000 jobs, all of which depend on the shipping channel remaining clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sediment naturally flows downstream with the current, and when it does it clogs things up. To keep the channel open, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usace.army.mil/\">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a> removes enough sediment each year to fill a stadium (approximately 250,000 cubic yards).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is then what to do with the spoils, what to do with what you dredge up from the bottom. So we’ve constantly got this, not ‘Where’s Waldo?’ but ‘Where to Put Waldo?’” said Eric Fitch, an environmental science professor at Marietta College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, it’s been put in confined disposal facilities near the Erie shore. Now the Army Corps, the agency charged with maintaining the nation’s navigation channels, wants to dump it into the open lake instead. Fitch said this might be a reasonable plan, though he’d like to see some pilot testing first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-68714\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\" alt=\"The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">Other Great Lakes harbors\u003c/a> already submerge their dredged material in fresh water. As much as 50 percent of dredged Great Lakes sediment is placed in the open lake, once it is determined to be largely free of contaminants. Some states, including Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, have attempted to ban the practice due to concerns about lingering sediment contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some northeast Ohio residents, environmental groups, and politicians vocally oppose this idea of lake dumping and say it’s an ill-advised cost-cutting measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no idea at this point how it will contaminate the water process [or] what we’ll have to do to add additional chemicals and treatments,” said Cleveland council member Michael Polensek at a recent public hearing held by the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68706\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68706\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Long-time resident George Havens also testified at the meeting. “I’ve been living in Cleveland for 89 years and drinking this water. I’d like to continue to drink it a little bit longer. Dumping anything into the lake is unscientific, unimaginative, uncivilized, and barbaric,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/sediments.html\">Great Lakes basin\u003c/a> has a long history of industrial pollution, and some of those pollutants, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/about.htm\">PCBs\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">PAHs\u003c/a>, heavy metals, DDT, and its metabolite DDE, persist in the buried sediment. Current urban and agricultural runoff also contributes to the problem. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/Portals/45/docs/CivilWorks/PublicReview/ClevelandOpenLakeEA-FinalDraft.pdf\">Army Corps says according to their tests on the Cuyahoga River, the sediment in the proposed dredging location is not as contaminated\u003c/a> as it used to be. But they have faced pushback not only from citizens and NGOs but also from the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day they need to meet the Ohio EPA water quality standards,” said Ohio EPA Northeast Office District Chief Kurt Princic, “and we don’t feel that’s being met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ohio EPA has to sign off on the Army Corps proposal before it can move forward. Princic says they’re concerned because the dredged material would be dumped close to the city’s drinking water intake valves. Fish toxicity is another concern. They also question the methods by which the Army Corps arrived at their conclusion that the sediment is safe enough to put in the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Asquith, dredging program manager for the Army Corps’s Buffalo District, said the sampling methods employed were appropriate for the situation. “All the material there is recent and storm-derived. It’s not a situation where you have legacy contamination over years of material being placed there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Akron geoscientist John Peck reviewed the Corps’s methodology, and is still on the fence about whether this is a good idea or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One outstanding question for him was why didn’t they take samples from deeper down, where they would be dredging? “I just wonder, because you’ll vary the floods, you’ll vary the type of sediment, you’ll vary the contaminants, maybe one should just take a sediment core,” Peck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns like this have environmental groups calling for the Ohio EPA to put the brakes on the plan and allow for further review of the science and a discussion of other disposal options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68735\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr-277x253.jpg\" alt=\"A Common Yellowthroat perches on top of the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River.\" width=\"277\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Common Yellowthroat perches on shrubbery at the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River. Photo by Laura Gooch / Flickr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the Army Corps is required to deal with the material in the least expensive environmentally acceptable manner, there are other options for it. It could be stored more efficiently at the current confined disposal sites and eke out, by some estimates, another 20 years of storage. Or it could be \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/oceandumping/dredgedmaterial/upload/2004_08_20_oceans_regulatory_dumpdredged_framework_techframework.pdf\">remediated\u003c/a> and put to \u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">beneficial use. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Green Bay, Wisconsin, uses dredged material to reconstruct a series of barrier islands, creating habitat for pelicans, cormorants, and other species. Grand Haven, Michigan, mixes their dredged material with composted municipal yard waste to create topsoil. Chicago has also experimented with reuse with their “Mud to Parks” project. At the Port of Duluth-Superior in Minnesota and Wisconsin, dredged material replaces fill dirt on construction sites, and it’s also used in asphalt production. And even Cleveland has a history of putting it to beneficial use: \u003ca href=\"http://ohiodnr.com/Coastal_Main_Menu/PublicAccess/CU_ClevLakefrontNaturePreserve_Dike14/tabid/22784/Default.aspx\">Dike 14 Nature Preserve\u003c/a> is made up of material dredged from the Cuyahoga in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decision is expected from Ohio EPA by the end of March as to whether material from the Cuyahoga River will be allowed in Lake Erie. Rejecting this proposal would send the Army Corps of Engineers back to the drawing board to find another place to put this season’s cache of muck.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Cuyahoga River in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent dredging to keep the shipping channels open. Now a controversial new proposal to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie has residents worried about contamination of the public water supply. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442699329,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1191},"headData":{"title":"Dredging Up a Problem | KQED","description":"The Cuyahoga River in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent dredging to keep the shipping channels open. Now a controversial new proposal to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie has residents worried about contamination of the public water supply. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Dredging Up a Problem","datePublished":"2014-03-21T14:00:23.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T21:48:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"65631 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=65631","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/21/dredging-up-a-problem/","disqusTitle":"Dredging Up a Problem","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/65631/dredging-up-a-problem","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dredge/Stream/dredgewithfunders.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dredge/Stream/dredgewithfunders.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to maintain open navigation channels for ships, sediment buildup in waterways has to be scooped out periodically through a process known as dredging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68708\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68708\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Great Lakes states, 60 commercial ports rely on this practice. When dredged material is contaminated, it raises questions about how to dispose of it safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/aoc/cuyahoga/\">Cuyahoga River\u003c/a> in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/region2/water/dredge/\">dredging. \u003c/a> The standard practice has been to put the river muck in confined disposal facilities (\u003ca href=\"http://www.iadc-dredging.com/ul/cms/fck-uploaded/documents/PDF%20Facts%20About/facts-about-confined-disposal-facilities.pdf\">CDFs\u003c/a>). But now there’s a controversial new \u003ca href=\"http://wwwapp.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/401Applications/CHD2014/134292-Cuyahoga2014Dredge401application.pdf\">proposal\u003c/a> on the table to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie, a source of drinking water for more than 11 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt are hauled into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.portofcleveland.com/\">Port of Cleveland\u003c/a> and unloaded. This commerce supports more than 17,000 jobs, all of which depend on the shipping channel remaining clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sediment naturally flows downstream with the current, and when it does it clogs things up. To keep the channel open, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usace.army.mil/\">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a> removes enough sediment each year to fill a stadium (approximately 250,000 cubic yards).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is then what to do with the spoils, what to do with what you dredge up from the bottom. So we’ve constantly got this, not ‘Where’s Waldo?’ but ‘Where to Put Waldo?’” said Eric Fitch, an environmental science professor at Marietta College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, it’s been put in confined disposal facilities near the Erie shore. Now the Army Corps, the agency charged with maintaining the nation’s navigation channels, wants to dump it into the open lake instead. Fitch said this might be a reasonable plan, though he’d like to see some pilot testing first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-68714\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\" alt=\"The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">Other Great Lakes harbors\u003c/a> already submerge their dredged material in fresh water. As much as 50 percent of dredged Great Lakes sediment is placed in the open lake, once it is determined to be largely free of contaminants. Some states, including Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, have attempted to ban the practice due to concerns about lingering sediment contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some northeast Ohio residents, environmental groups, and politicians vocally oppose this idea of lake dumping and say it’s an ill-advised cost-cutting measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no idea at this point how it will contaminate the water process [or] what we’ll have to do to add additional chemicals and treatments,” said Cleveland council member Michael Polensek at a recent public hearing held by the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68706\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68706\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Long-time resident George Havens also testified at the meeting. “I’ve been living in Cleveland for 89 years and drinking this water. I’d like to continue to drink it a little bit longer. Dumping anything into the lake is unscientific, unimaginative, uncivilized, and barbaric,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/sediments.html\">Great Lakes basin\u003c/a> has a long history of industrial pollution, and some of those pollutants, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/about.htm\">PCBs\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">PAHs\u003c/a>, heavy metals, DDT, and its metabolite DDE, persist in the buried sediment. Current urban and agricultural runoff also contributes to the problem. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/Portals/45/docs/CivilWorks/PublicReview/ClevelandOpenLakeEA-FinalDraft.pdf\">Army Corps says according to their tests on the Cuyahoga River, the sediment in the proposed dredging location is not as contaminated\u003c/a> as it used to be. But they have faced pushback not only from citizens and NGOs but also from the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day they need to meet the Ohio EPA water quality standards,” said Ohio EPA Northeast Office District Chief Kurt Princic, “and we don’t feel that’s being met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ohio EPA has to sign off on the Army Corps proposal before it can move forward. Princic says they’re concerned because the dredged material would be dumped close to the city’s drinking water intake valves. Fish toxicity is another concern. They also question the methods by which the Army Corps arrived at their conclusion that the sediment is safe enough to put in the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Asquith, dredging program manager for the Army Corps’s Buffalo District, said the sampling methods employed were appropriate for the situation. “All the material there is recent and storm-derived. It’s not a situation where you have legacy contamination over years of material being placed there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Akron geoscientist John Peck reviewed the Corps’s methodology, and is still on the fence about whether this is a good idea or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One outstanding question for him was why didn’t they take samples from deeper down, where they would be dredging? “I just wonder, because you’ll vary the floods, you’ll vary the type of sediment, you’ll vary the contaminants, maybe one should just take a sediment core,” Peck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns like this have environmental groups calling for the Ohio EPA to put the brakes on the plan and allow for further review of the science and a discussion of other disposal options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68735\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr-277x253.jpg\" alt=\"A Common Yellowthroat perches on top of the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River.\" width=\"277\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Common Yellowthroat perches on shrubbery at the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River. Photo by Laura Gooch / Flickr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the Army Corps is required to deal with the material in the least expensive environmentally acceptable manner, there are other options for it. It could be stored more efficiently at the current confined disposal sites and eke out, by some estimates, another 20 years of storage. Or it could be \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/oceandumping/dredgedmaterial/upload/2004_08_20_oceans_regulatory_dumpdredged_framework_techframework.pdf\">remediated\u003c/a> and put to \u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">beneficial use. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Green Bay, Wisconsin, uses dredged material to reconstruct a series of barrier islands, creating habitat for pelicans, cormorants, and other species. Grand Haven, Michigan, mixes their dredged material with composted municipal yard waste to create topsoil. Chicago has also experimented with reuse with their “Mud to Parks” project. At the Port of Duluth-Superior in Minnesota and Wisconsin, dredged material replaces fill dirt on construction sites, and it’s also used in asphalt production. And even Cleveland has a history of putting it to beneficial use: \u003ca href=\"http://ohiodnr.com/Coastal_Main_Menu/PublicAccess/CU_ClevLakefrontNaturePreserve_Dike14/tabid/22784/Default.aspx\">Dike 14 Nature Preserve\u003c/a> is made up of material dredged from the Cuyahoga in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decision is expected from Ohio EPA by the end of March as to whether material from the Cuyahoga River will be allowed in Lake Erie. Rejecting this proposal would send the Army Corps of Engineers back to the drawing board to find another place to put this season’s cache of muck.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/65631/dredging-up-a-problem","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_8","quest_9","quest_12","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12760","quest_252","quest_12021","quest_688","quest_12757","quest_3541","quest_10167","quest_883","quest_12269","quest_10201","quest_1339","quest_10327","quest_12758","quest_12098","quest_12638","quest_2141","quest_9868","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_10429","quest_2576","quest_12759","quest_12212"],"featImg":"quest_68713","label":"source_quest_65631"},"quest_762":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_762","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"762","score":null,"sort":[1218571063000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producer39s-notes58-ghost-fleet","title":"Producer's Notes: Ghost Fleet","publishDate":1218571063,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nUPDATE on 10/23/09: From the San Francisco Chronicle - \"Two World War II cargo ships moored among Benicia's fabled \"ghost fleet\" since the late 1940s will be towed out of Suisun Bay next month, scrubbed clean in dry dock and ultimately sent to Texas to be broken up and sold for scrap\".\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read more about the clean-up effort in the Chronicle \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/10/22/MNVT1A9EFB.DTL\">here\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the surface of the story, the Ghost Fleet of Suisun Bay (commonly called the \"Mothball Fleet\" but most accurately referred to as the Suisun Bay National Defense Reserve Fleet) is leaking toxic waste in the form of peeling ship paint containing nasty heavy metals into an already stressed bay ecosystem. Bad guys: Mothball Fleet. Good guys: Enviros who are suing. Simple, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when we began digging into the story, we found the origins of the problem and current impasse to be a bit more convoluted. I'll attempt to quickly summarize: The fleet has been there since the 1940's. It wasn't until 2006 that it came to light that \u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com/search/ci_6163892?IADID\">the exterior paint is peeling from the ships and falling into the bay\u003c/a>. Many tons of toxic heavy metals have already fallen into Suisun Bay and there's a lot more to be had. Oddly enough, the story was initially triggered by a study that was commissioned by the federal body who oversees the fleet, the Department of Transportation's Maritime Administration, or MARAD for short. So the Contra Costa Times got a hold of a draft of that report and now, the ships are at the center of a different kind of battle long after they've been decommissioned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups (NRDC, Arc Ecology and San Francisco Bay Keeper), community leaders and water regulators justifiably \u003ca href=\"http://www.arcecology.org/Mothball.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">want MARAD to either remove or better maintain the ships\u003c/a> so that they are not polluting these waters that serve as both fishing and nursery grounds for several fragile or threatened species. That includes humans who are often out there catching fish for dinner. Historically, \u003ca href=\"http://www.marad.dot.gov/Ship%20Disposal/Ship%20Disposal.html\" target=\"_blank\">MARAD has been regularly removing and dismantling the ships\u003c/a> but like most federal bodies whose charter was drafted during WWII, alacrity is not at the top of their mission statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"425\" height=\"350\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" src=\"http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=UTF8&num=200&start=60&msa=0&msid=111988844864630674189.00045342eebd36b417d47&ll=38.072453,-122.094653&spn=0.017382,0.019612&t=h&output=embed\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>View \u003ca href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=UTF8&num=200&start=60&msa=0&msid=111988844864630674189.00045342eebd36b417d47&ll=38.072453,-122.094653&spn=0.017382,0.019612&t=h&source=embed\">Suisun Bay's Mothball Fleet\u003c/a> in a larger map\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real issue now seems to be that MARAD has had to completely stop removing ships because they can't clean their hulls of potentially hazardous invasive biological species (to comply with the U.S. Coast Guard's National Aquatic Invasive Species Act of 2003) without scraping more paint into the bay. So, until someone develops a system to clean the hulls that doesn't scrape more paint into the water, the San Francisco Regional Water Quality Control Board says that MARAD can't remove the ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one possible solution that everyone pretty much agrees upon is to dismantle the ships locally so that they don’t have to be cleaned of invasive species. There are currently no ship dismantlers operating on the West Coast but there's a company called Allied Defense Recycling located on Vallejo's Mare Island Naval Shipyard that's chomping at the bit to tear those ships apart. But they've also run into red tape. And while they await permits and approvals from multiple parties, the ships continue to rot and pollute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's always easier to write a story with clear heroes and villains. But to me, it does seem that MARAD, environmental groups and water regulators all agree that we have a problem that must be addressed. So, what now? I guess we wait. Perhaps this lawsuit will kick start some aspect of the clean-up process but in the meantime, frustration mounts for all parties involved and many pointing index fingers are suffering from overuse.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"On the surface of the story, the Ghost Fleet of Suisun Bay is leaking toxic waste in the form of peeling ship paint containing nasty heavy metals into an already stressed bay ecosystem. Bad guys: Mothball Fleet. Good guys: Enviros who are suing. Simple, right?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457834174,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://maps.google.com/maps/ms"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":637},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Ghost Fleet | KQED","description":"On the surface of the story, the Ghost Fleet of Suisun Bay is leaking toxic waste in the form of peeling ship paint containing nasty heavy metals into an already stressed bay ecosystem. Bad guys: Mothball Fleet. Good guys: Enviros who are suing. Simple, right?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes: Ghost Fleet","datePublished":"2008-08-12T19:57:43.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-13T01:56:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"762 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=762","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/08/12/producer39s-notes58-ghost-fleet/","disqusTitle":"Producer's Notes: Ghost Fleet","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1BHfiaPb5UI","path":"/quest/762/producer39s-notes58-ghost-fleet","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nUPDATE on 10/23/09: From the San Francisco Chronicle - \"Two World War II cargo ships moored among Benicia's fabled \"ghost fleet\" since the late 1940s will be towed out of Suisun Bay next month, scrubbed clean in dry dock and ultimately sent to Texas to be broken up and sold for scrap\".\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read more about the clean-up effort in the Chronicle \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/10/22/MNVT1A9EFB.DTL\">here\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the surface of the story, the Ghost Fleet of Suisun Bay (commonly called the \"Mothball Fleet\" but most accurately referred to as the Suisun Bay National Defense Reserve Fleet) is leaking toxic waste in the form of peeling ship paint containing nasty heavy metals into an already stressed bay ecosystem. Bad guys: Mothball Fleet. Good guys: Enviros who are suing. Simple, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when we began digging into the story, we found the origins of the problem and current impasse to be a bit more convoluted. I'll attempt to quickly summarize: The fleet has been there since the 1940's. It wasn't until 2006 that it came to light that \u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com/search/ci_6163892?IADID\">the exterior paint is peeling from the ships and falling into the bay\u003c/a>. Many tons of toxic heavy metals have already fallen into Suisun Bay and there's a lot more to be had. Oddly enough, the story was initially triggered by a study that was commissioned by the federal body who oversees the fleet, the Department of Transportation's Maritime Administration, or MARAD for short. So the Contra Costa Times got a hold of a draft of that report and now, the ships are at the center of a different kind of battle long after they've been decommissioned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups (NRDC, Arc Ecology and San Francisco Bay Keeper), community leaders and water regulators justifiably \u003ca href=\"http://www.arcecology.org/Mothball.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">want MARAD to either remove or better maintain the ships\u003c/a> so that they are not polluting these waters that serve as both fishing and nursery grounds for several fragile or threatened species. That includes humans who are often out there catching fish for dinner. Historically, \u003ca href=\"http://www.marad.dot.gov/Ship%20Disposal/Ship%20Disposal.html\" target=\"_blank\">MARAD has been regularly removing and dismantling the ships\u003c/a> but like most federal bodies whose charter was drafted during WWII, alacrity is not at the top of their mission statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"425\" height=\"350\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" src=\"http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=UTF8&num=200&start=60&msa=0&msid=111988844864630674189.00045342eebd36b417d47&ll=38.072453,-122.094653&spn=0.017382,0.019612&t=h&output=embed\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>View \u003ca href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=UTF8&num=200&start=60&msa=0&msid=111988844864630674189.00045342eebd36b417d47&ll=38.072453,-122.094653&spn=0.017382,0.019612&t=h&source=embed\">Suisun Bay's Mothball Fleet\u003c/a> in a larger map\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real issue now seems to be that MARAD has had to completely stop removing ships because they can't clean their hulls of potentially hazardous invasive biological species (to comply with the U.S. Coast Guard's National Aquatic Invasive Species Act of 2003) without scraping more paint into the bay. So, until someone develops a system to clean the hulls that doesn't scrape more paint into the water, the San Francisco Regional Water Quality Control Board says that MARAD can't remove the ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one possible solution that everyone pretty much agrees upon is to dismantle the ships locally so that they don’t have to be cleaned of invasive species. There are currently no ship dismantlers operating on the West Coast but there's a company called Allied Defense Recycling located on Vallejo's Mare Island Naval Shipyard that's chomping at the bit to tear those ships apart. But they've also run into red tape. And while they await permits and approvals from multiple parties, the ships continue to rot and pollute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's always easier to write a story with clear heroes and villains. But to me, it does seem that MARAD, environmental groups and water regulators all agree that we have a problem that must be addressed. So, what now? I guess we wait. Perhaps this lawsuit will kick start some aspect of the clean-up process but in the meantime, frustration mounts for all parties involved and many pointing index fingers are suffering from overuse.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/762/producer39s-notes58-ghost-fleet","authors":["209"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_290","quest_292","quest_1339","quest_1586","quest_1730","quest_1875","quest_2014","quest_2257","quest_2487","quest_2518","quest_2617","quest_2618","quest_2824","quest_2893","quest_2966","quest_3108","quest_3186"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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