Prop 71: Stem Cell Funding Was Overhyped But Worth It
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stem cells like these won't be helping patients by 2014 but they will probably help them one day in the future.","credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/ESC-400x226.jpg","width":400,"height":226,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/ESC-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/ESC-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/ESC-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/ESC-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/ESC-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/ESC.jpg","width":640,"height":361}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"quest_31837":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_31837","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"31837","found":true},"title":"ICSI","publishDate":1330551241,"status":"inherit","parent":31832,"modified":1330551241,"caption":"One 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The image of a sperm being injected into an egg is courtesy of Eugene Ermolovich (CRMI).","credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/ICSI-400x229.jpg","width":400,"height":229,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/ICSI-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/ICSI-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/ICSI-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/ICSI-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/ICSI-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/ICSI.jpg","width":640,"height":366}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"dr-barry-starr":{"type":"authors","id":"6177","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6177","found":true},"name":"Dr. Barry Starr","firstName":"Dr. Barry","lastName":"Starr","slug":"dr-barry-starr","email":"bstarr@thetech.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Dr. Barry Starr (\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/geneticsboy\">@geneticsboy\u003c/a>) is a Geneticist-in-Residence at The Tech Museum of Innovation in San Jose, CA and runs their Stanford at The Tech program. The program is part of an ongoing collaboration between the \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Department of Genetics\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/\">The Tech Museum of Innovation\u003c/a>. Together these two partners created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/exhibits/permanent/index.php?sGalKey=gtwt&galKey=lt\">Genetics: Technology with a Twist\u003c/a> exhibition.\r\n\r\nYou can also see \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/author/dr-barry-starr/\">additional posts by Barry at KQED Science\u003c/a>, and read his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/dr-barry-starr/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"geneticsboy","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Dr. Barry Starr | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/dr-barry-starr"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_34056":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_34056","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"34056","score":null,"sort":[1333381572000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"prop-71-overhyped-but-worth-it","title":"Prop 71: Stem Cell Funding Was Overhyped But Worth It","publishDate":1333381572,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/02/prop-71-overhyped-but-worth-it/esc/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34060\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/ESC.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"ESC\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34060\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/ESC.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/ESC-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember back in 2004 that big debate about whether California voters should fund embryonic stem (ES) cell research? It passed and now 8 years later, people are starting to ask what we have to show for it. It's more than you might think...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First off, though, there are no cures using ES cells in the offing. The money spent so far has gone into recruiting, setting up labs, basic research, and so on. This has laid the foundation from where eventual cures can come. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, before going any further, it is important to reflect a bit on what was happening in 2004. President Bush had restricted ES cell research to the point where very little meaningful research could go on here in the U.S. And researchers were starting to vote with their feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key stem cell researchers in the U.S. began to talk about going to places like England and Singapore where they could do their research. There was a real worry the U.S. would be left behind and that this would keep U.S. researchers away from the forefront of biological research for the first time in our history. It was a frustrating, scary time for scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course it was an awful time for people suffering from awful incurable diseases too. They were worried that cures involving ES cells would not come in time for them unless research was done in a big way here in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In swooped Proposition 71 to save the day. It provided 3 billion dollars of funding for ES cell research here in California. At a minimum it provided stopgap funding to keep ES cell research alive and well here in the U.S. until President Obama re-opened the spigots again in 2009. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if this is all Proposition 71 accomplished, I would argue it was worth it. Eventual cures using these cells are 5-6 years closer than they would be without the money spent by California voters. This is a big deal to patients suffering from all those life threatening diseases we always hear about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately this probably isn’t what Californians voted for. If media reports from then and now are to be believed, they expected cures not basic research. They wanted the paralyzed to walk, Alzheimer’s patients to remember and Michael J. Fox to return to being Alex P. Keaton or Marty McFly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These were unrealistic expectations then and they still are today. There was no way something as new and complex as ES cells was going to generate a cure in just a few years or even a decade. (Of course one thing is certain, without research ES cells would never cure anything.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can remember back in 2004 thinking proponents were overselling this proposition. I spoke with a lot of scientists at the time and they all agreed. But what I don’t remember and am having trouble reconstructing is who did the overselling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ads like this one don’t seem to overpromise, they just talk about what we might be able to get out of ES cell research:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzpEccZP6JM]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the reason for these inflated expectations, scientists everywhere are going to have to deal with the fallout of a disappointed voting public. They are going to either have to come up with cures fast (unlikely at least with ES cells) or explain why expectations have not been met. And this isn’t just a concern for stem cell researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This has the potential to impact lots of science research as unfulfilled promises causes an \u003ca href=\"http://news.yahoo.com/conservatives-losing-trust-science-study-finds-114401347.html\">increasingly skeptical public\u003c/a> to become more so. Scientists will need to show that they did not overhype this or explain why they oversold it in the first place. Neither sounds too enticing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Information:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_MED_CALIFORNIA_STEM_CELL?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2012-03-18-14-59-48\">California's stem cell agency ponders its future\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jun/07/opinion/la-oe-lehrman-20100607\">\u003cbr>\nCalifornia stem cell research: Were voters duped?\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cirm.ca.gov/\">California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geron both pulls out of the first clinical trial of embryonic stem cells and the entire research area\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Remember back in 2004 that big debate about whether California voters should fund embryonic stem (ES) cell research? Well it passed and now 8 years later, people are starting to ask what we have to show for it. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443827300,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":684},"headData":{"title":"Prop 71: Stem Cell Funding Was Overhyped But Worth It | KQED","description":"Remember back in 2004 that big debate about whether California voters should fund embryonic stem (ES) cell research? Well it passed and now 8 years later, people are starting to ask what we have to show for it. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"34056 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=34056","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/02/prop-71-overhyped-but-worth-it/","disqusTitle":"Prop 71: Stem Cell Funding Was Overhyped But Worth It","path":"/quest/34056/prop-71-overhyped-but-worth-it","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/02/prop-71-overhyped-but-worth-it/esc/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34060\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/ESC.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"ESC\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34060\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/ESC.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/ESC-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember back in 2004 that big debate about whether California voters should fund embryonic stem (ES) cell research? It passed and now 8 years later, people are starting to ask what we have to show for it. It's more than you might think...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First off, though, there are no cures using ES cells in the offing. The money spent so far has gone into recruiting, setting up labs, basic research, and so on. This has laid the foundation from where eventual cures can come. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, before going any further, it is important to reflect a bit on what was happening in 2004. President Bush had restricted ES cell research to the point where very little meaningful research could go on here in the U.S. And researchers were starting to vote with their feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key stem cell researchers in the U.S. began to talk about going to places like England and Singapore where they could do their research. There was a real worry the U.S. would be left behind and that this would keep U.S. researchers away from the forefront of biological research for the first time in our history. It was a frustrating, scary time for scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course it was an awful time for people suffering from awful incurable diseases too. They were worried that cures involving ES cells would not come in time for them unless research was done in a big way here in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In swooped Proposition 71 to save the day. It provided 3 billion dollars of funding for ES cell research here in California. At a minimum it provided stopgap funding to keep ES cell research alive and well here in the U.S. until President Obama re-opened the spigots again in 2009. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if this is all Proposition 71 accomplished, I would argue it was worth it. Eventual cures using these cells are 5-6 years closer than they would be without the money spent by California voters. This is a big deal to patients suffering from all those life threatening diseases we always hear about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately this probably isn’t what Californians voted for. If media reports from then and now are to be believed, they expected cures not basic research. They wanted the paralyzed to walk, Alzheimer’s patients to remember and Michael J. Fox to return to being Alex P. Keaton or Marty McFly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These were unrealistic expectations then and they still are today. There was no way something as new and complex as ES cells was going to generate a cure in just a few years or even a decade. (Of course one thing is certain, without research ES cells would never cure anything.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can remember back in 2004 thinking proponents were overselling this proposition. I spoke with a lot of scientists at the time and they all agreed. But what I don’t remember and am having trouble reconstructing is who did the overselling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ads like this one don’t seem to overpromise, they just talk about what we might be able to get out of ES cell research:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/uzpEccZP6JM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/uzpEccZP6JM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the reason for these inflated expectations, scientists everywhere are going to have to deal with the fallout of a disappointed voting public. They are going to either have to come up with cures fast (unlikely at least with ES cells) or explain why expectations have not been met. And this isn’t just a concern for stem cell researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This has the potential to impact lots of science research as unfulfilled promises causes an \u003ca href=\"http://news.yahoo.com/conservatives-losing-trust-science-study-finds-114401347.html\">increasingly skeptical public\u003c/a> to become more so. Scientists will need to show that they did not overhype this or explain why they oversold it in the first place. Neither sounds too enticing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Information:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_MED_CALIFORNIA_STEM_CELL?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2012-03-18-14-59-48\">California's stem cell agency ponders its future\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jun/07/opinion/la-oe-lehrman-20100607\">\u003cbr>\nCalifornia stem cell research: Were voters duped?\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cirm.ca.gov/\">California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geron both pulls out of the first clinical trial of embryonic stem cells and the entire research area\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/34056/prop-71-overhyped-but-worth-it","authors":["6177"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_438","quest_10745","quest_10921","quest_13","quest_2789","quest_3319"],"featImg":"quest_34060","label":"quest"},"quest_31832":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_31832","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"31832","score":null,"sort":[1330963725000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reproduction-unleashed","title":"Reproduction Unleashed","publishDate":1330963725,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/05/reproduction-unleashed/icsi/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31837\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/ICSI.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"ICSI\" width=\"640\" height=\"366\" class=\"size-full wp-image-31837\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/ICSI.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/ICSI-400x229.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are getting pretty good at turning regular cells into those magical embryonic stem (ES) cells that can become any other kind of cell. They haven’t perfected their technique yet but when they do, all sorts of possibilities open up for prospective parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There may come a time when infertile men can have their cells coaxed into ES cells and then coaxed back into sperm cells. Or when the same thing can happen with women (except her cells will be persuaded to become eggs). Now these folks may be able to have kids when they couldn’t before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This technology brings up an even more interesting possibility. Imagine a man’s cells are transformed into ES cells and then turned into egg cells. Or a woman’s cells undergo something similar except that the end result is a sperm cell. Now same sex couples could conceivably have children that share both partners’ DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before we get too far ahead of ourselves, I do want to emphasize that we aren’t there yet. No one has done anything like this with artificially created ES cells. (Scientists call these artificially created ES cells \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/news.php?id=109\">induced pluripotent stem cells\u003c/a> or iPS cells to distinguish them from true ES cells.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scientists have at least managed to \u003ca href=\"http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/08/sperm-made-mostly-in-a-dish-produce.html\">turn natural mouse ES cells into a sperm\u003c/a> cell that can fertilize an egg which then results in a living pup. And they have done similar things in mice to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16903421\">create precursor egg cells\u003c/a> from natural ES cells. So it should only be a matter of time before they get these working with human ES cells too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step would be to try to get these to work with iPS cells. Scientists have managed to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090127090732.htm\">make sperm and egg precursors\u003c/a> from mouse iPS cells. But to my knowledge, no one has yet created a fertilized egg from a sperm and an egg derived from these cells. \u003c/p>\n\u003ctable align=\"right\">\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg src=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/images/ask/mouse.jpg\">\u003cbr>\u003cfont size=\"-1\" color=\"#999999\">This mouse named\u003cbr>Kaguya had two moms.\u003c/font>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>While iPS cells appear to be very similar to natural ES cells, the proof will be in the cells that come from them. Someone needs to do the experiment where a mouse iPS cell is turned into a sperm or an egg that is then used to create a viable mouse pup. Then, as long as we can solve the problem that these cells sometimes turn cancerous, we’ll be in business for helping infertile couples this way. (As opposed to the approach suggested by a \u003ca href=\"http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/02/human-egg-stem-cells-isolated.html?ref=hp\">recent report\u003c/a> where scientists found egg stem cells in adult women’s ovaries.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far this all seems doable. There aren’t any paradigm shifts or anything like that…mostly just technical hurdles to be overcome. The same may not be true for turning a man’s cells into eggs or a woman’s into sperm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is much harder for lots of different reasons. A big potential problem is that a man’s DNA is fundamentally different from a woman’s DNA. This is why, for example, we can’t just fuse two eggs and get a baby. Scientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=16\">pulled this off in mice\u003c/a> but only by changing one egg’s DNA to make it more like a man’s. No way we could do something similar in people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope would be that the iPS process would wipe the DNA clean of any gender. We don’t yet know if it does though. And if a bit of maleness remains in a man’s iPS cells or a bit of femaleness in a woman’s iPS cells, then we may not be able to get a working egg or sperm. We’ll just have to wait and see!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing we don’t have to worry about is some narcissist making an egg and a sperm from his cells to make a baby entirely out of his genes. Because of how DNA is distributed into eggs and sperm, you wouldn’t get a clone. Instead you’d get the most inbred individual you’ve ever seen. Odds are that the child would suffer from some devastating genetic disease that lay hidden in the parent’s DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGNchPdlaGU]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nice primer on making iPS cells.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Stem cell technology may one day help infertile couples conceive. And it might even allow same sex couples to conceive as well.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1331669678,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":732},"headData":{"title":"Reproduction Unleashed | KQED","description":"Stem cell technology may one day help infertile couples conceive. And it might even allow same sex couples to conceive as well.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"31832 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=31832","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/05/reproduction-unleashed/","disqusTitle":"Reproduction Unleashed","path":"/quest/31832/reproduction-unleashed","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/05/reproduction-unleashed/icsi/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31837\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/ICSI.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"ICSI\" width=\"640\" height=\"366\" class=\"size-full wp-image-31837\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/ICSI.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/ICSI-400x229.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are getting pretty good at turning regular cells into those magical embryonic stem (ES) cells that can become any other kind of cell. They haven’t perfected their technique yet but when they do, all sorts of possibilities open up for prospective parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There may come a time when infertile men can have their cells coaxed into ES cells and then coaxed back into sperm cells. Or when the same thing can happen with women (except her cells will be persuaded to become eggs). Now these folks may be able to have kids when they couldn’t before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This technology brings up an even more interesting possibility. Imagine a man’s cells are transformed into ES cells and then turned into egg cells. Or a woman’s cells undergo something similar except that the end result is a sperm cell. Now same sex couples could conceivably have children that share both partners’ DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before we get too far ahead of ourselves, I do want to emphasize that we aren’t there yet. No one has done anything like this with artificially created ES cells. (Scientists call these artificially created ES cells \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/news.php?id=109\">induced pluripotent stem cells\u003c/a> or iPS cells to distinguish them from true ES cells.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scientists have at least managed to \u003ca href=\"http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/08/sperm-made-mostly-in-a-dish-produce.html\">turn natural mouse ES cells into a sperm\u003c/a> cell that can fertilize an egg which then results in a living pup. And they have done similar things in mice to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16903421\">create precursor egg cells\u003c/a> from natural ES cells. So it should only be a matter of time before they get these working with human ES cells too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step would be to try to get these to work with iPS cells. Scientists have managed to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090127090732.htm\">make sperm and egg precursors\u003c/a> from mouse iPS cells. But to my knowledge, no one has yet created a fertilized egg from a sperm and an egg derived from these cells. \u003c/p>\n\u003ctable align=\"right\">\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg src=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/images/ask/mouse.jpg\">\u003cbr>\u003cfont size=\"-1\" color=\"#999999\">This mouse named\u003cbr>Kaguya had two moms.\u003c/font>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>While iPS cells appear to be very similar to natural ES cells, the proof will be in the cells that come from them. Someone needs to do the experiment where a mouse iPS cell is turned into a sperm or an egg that is then used to create a viable mouse pup. Then, as long as we can solve the problem that these cells sometimes turn cancerous, we’ll be in business for helping infertile couples this way. (As opposed to the approach suggested by a \u003ca href=\"http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/02/human-egg-stem-cells-isolated.html?ref=hp\">recent report\u003c/a> where scientists found egg stem cells in adult women’s ovaries.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far this all seems doable. There aren’t any paradigm shifts or anything like that…mostly just technical hurdles to be overcome. The same may not be true for turning a man’s cells into eggs or a woman’s into sperm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is much harder for lots of different reasons. A big potential problem is that a man’s DNA is fundamentally different from a woman’s DNA. This is why, for example, we can’t just fuse two eggs and get a baby. Scientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=16\">pulled this off in mice\u003c/a> but only by changing one egg’s DNA to make it more like a man’s. No way we could do something similar in people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope would be that the iPS process would wipe the DNA clean of any gender. We don’t yet know if it does though. And if a bit of maleness remains in a man’s iPS cells or a bit of femaleness in a woman’s iPS cells, then we may not be able to get a working egg or sperm. We’ll just have to wait and see!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing we don’t have to worry about is some narcissist making an egg and a sperm from his cells to make a baby entirely out of his genes. Because of how DNA is distributed into eggs and sperm, you wouldn’t get a clone. Instead you’d get the most inbred individual you’ve ever seen. Odds are that the child would suffer from some devastating genetic disease that lay hidden in the parent’s DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/fGNchPdlaGU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/fGNchPdlaGU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nice primer on making iPS cells.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/31832/reproduction-unleashed","authors":["6177"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_20","quest_10745","quest_1459","quest_13202","quest_9929","quest_10746","quest_3319"],"featImg":"quest_31837","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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