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Culture Clash: Of Cats, Birds and Conservation
Braking for Beetles: When Recreation and Conservation Converge
Spotted Owls Face New Threat
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She was a 2013 recipient of the NYU Reporting Award, a 2013 Dennis Hunt Health Journalism fellow and a 2015 USC Data Journalism fellow.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/lizagross/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Liza Gross | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lizagross"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_44107":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_44107","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"44107","score":null,"sort":[1348066826000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation","title":"Culture Clash: Of Cats, Birds and Conservation","publishDate":1348066826,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44120\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/kumatongue/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44120\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-44120\" title=\"kuma\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/kumatongue.jpg\" alt=\"domestic house cat\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Domestic bliss: Born under a bush in Guerneville, this once feral cat now enjoys the comforts of home. Patience, dedication, and gentle handling can transform a frightened, suspicious feral cat into a trusting, loving companion. (Photo: Barry Bergman)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We humans have an uneasy relationship with nature. Lest you doubt it, consider that the 1964 Wilderness Act defines wilderness as “an area where the earth and community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The notion that people live apart from nature might explain our sometimes skewed views of wildlife—Americans keep as many as \u003ca href=\"http://bigcatrescue.org/2012/big-cats-and-public-safety-protection-hr-4122\">20,000 tigers, cheetahs, and other big cats\u003c/a> as pets—and our seemingly unique capacity for \u003ca href=\"http://e360.yale.edu/feature/too_many_people_too_much_consumption/2041/\">destroying natural resources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By recent estimates, we’re using resources 50 percent faster than they can recover. Despite mounting evidence linking human well-being to healthy ecosystems, we seem constitutionally \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000330\">incapable of changing our behavior\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation biologists try to inspire people to act in environmentally-friendly ways, but often inspire emotional confrontations instead. That’s why some biologists are looking to social psychologists for advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Conservation Psychology\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIt’s no surprise that conflicts arise when two groups view the facts of a situation through a different lens. But the hope is that understanding the social roots of conservation conflicts—how people’s values and beliefs shape their behavior—will suggest strategies for resolving them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0044616\">study published earlier this month\u003c/a> researchers led by Nils Peterson at North Carolina State University applied this approach to a particularly contentious issue: feral cats and their impacts on birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feral cats are simply house cats that, without the care and love of an owner, behave like a wild animal. And it’s hard to imagine a group more emotionally invested in an issue than the women who take care of feral cats. (I should know. I once looked after a mini-colony in the backyard of my Sunset District rental.) As several studies show, cat colony caretakers tend to be women, many of whom also have tame cats at home, see their feral charges as pets, and often cite sympathy, ethical concerns, and \u003ca href=\"http://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/abs/10.2460/javma.2002.220.1627?journalCode=javma\">love of animals as their main motivators\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44296\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/rsgranne_-_cats_cats_cats_arrow_rock_missouri_20050703_03_by-sa/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44296\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-44296\" title=\"Rsgranne_-_Cats_cats_cats!_(Arrow_Rock,_Missouri,_20050703)_03_(by-sa)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Rsgranne_-_Cats_cats_cats_Arrow_Rock_Missouri_20050703_03_by-sa-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"feral cat colony\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This feral cat colony lives in an Arrow Rock, Missouri, backyard and neighboring grounds. (Photo: Scott Granneman, St. Louis, MO)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>No one knows how many feral cats live in the U.S., though the American Veterinary Medical Association suspects the number rivals that of cats living as pets, estimated at 86 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By most accounts, feral cats face a miserable life. \u003ca href=\"https://www.avma.org/News/Journals/Collections/Documents/javma_225_9_1399.pdf\">One study looking at reproductive rates\u003c/a> in feral cats found that 75% of kittens died or disappeared within six months. Most were either run over by cars or killed by stray dogs. Feral cats have twice the rate of FIV of house cats and significantly higher rates of bacterial and parasitic infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s understandable why kind-hearted people take care of cats left to fend for themselves. Unfortunately, these natural-born killers are doing what comes naturally. And wildlife populations, including species common and rare, are paying for our good intentions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Study after study documents the toll feral cats take on wildlife. Most experts think the \u003ca href=\"https://www.avma.org/News/Journals/Collections/Documents/javma_225_9_1377.pdf\">cats kill hundreds of millions\u003c/a> of native birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and fish in the U.S. each year. Wildlife rehabilitation specialists at Walnut Creek’s Lindsey Museum handled more than 1,000 birds with cat-related injuries in 2003 alone. Of course, no one knows how many birds died in backyards or wound up in cats’ bellies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some advocates say feeding cats controls their predatory instincts, but the evidence suggests otherwise. \u003ca href=\"http://www.tws-west.org/transactions/Hawkins%20Grant%20Longnecker.pdf\">A 1999 study of two East Bay parks\u003c/a> found that in sites with regularly fed cat colonies, “native birds were markedly less abundant and less likely to nest, and ground-foraging species such as California quail and thrasher were entirely absent.” Feral cats also endanger native raptors by depleting their prey base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Polarized Views\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAgainst this background, Peterson and his team polled 338 cat colony caretakers and 239 bird conservation professionals (from the Audubon Society, American Bird Conservancy, and similar groups) about their views of feral felines, the cats’ impacts on wildlife, and strategies to control their populations. Many feral cat advocates promote the use of trap-neuter-and-return programs to control colonies, though studies fail to support their effectiveness. That’s probably partly because people abandon their animals faster than caretakers can sterilize them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, the two groups held opposite views on nearly every question. “Bird people” viewed feral cats as “pests” and considered “euthanasia” an appropriate management strategy. Just 20% of “cat people” thought feral cats endanger native birds and just 6% thought feral cats carry disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44109\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/africanwildcat/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44109\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-44109\" title=\"AfricanWildCat\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/AfricanWildCat-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"African wildcat\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Genetic studies trace the origins of the house cat to at least five wildcat species (\u003cem>Felis silvestris\u003c/em>), originating in the Near East. The African Wild Cat (\u003cem>Felis silvestris lybica\u003c/em>), above, is the house cat's most recent ancestor in the history of domestication. (Photo: Sonelle, Johannesburg Zoo, South Africa)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the record, feral cats can transmit rabies and numerous other diseases to wildlife, either indirectly—for example, when feces-borne parasites enter the watershed and infect otters and other marine life—or directly, by spreading FIV to mountain lions and critically endangered Florida panthers who prey on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A surprising 59% of caretakers thought feral cats play a natural role as predators. That was true \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/106/suppl.1/9971.full\">for their progenitors, Near East wildcats\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Felis silvestris lybica\u003c/em>), which started hanging around farmers and their rodent-infested grain silos in the Fertile Crescent some 10,000 years ago. (Experts think, given the cat's notorious independent nature, domestication happened as cats adopted people rather than vice versa.) But domestication released these felines from the constraints of natural selection and paved the way for a new species, \u003cem>Felis catus\u003c/em>, thousands of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Path to Compromise\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWith little common ground between bird people and cat lovers, whose positions are so tied to personal views of the problem, public education campaigns probably won’t work, the researchers say. Feral cat advocates care passionately about the welfare of individual cats while bird conservation workers (and wildlife biologists) care about the long-term prospects of wildlife populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44135\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/injuredphoebe/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44135\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-44135\" title=\"injuredphoebe\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/injuredphoebe-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"kitty cam and injured bird\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The \"kitty cam\" outfitted on a house cat as part of a research project shows an injured phoebe. Sixty pet cats in Athens-Clarke County, Georgia, wore cameras for 7 to 10 days on their outdoor adventures. The research is a joint project of the University of Georgia and National Geographic. (Photo: University of Georgia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What might help is engaging cat caretakers in research on feral cat behavior—it’s hard to deny what you see with our own eyes—as well as in programs to protect wildlife. Plus, as other studies show, the best solutions will likely be site specific. Where birds and other wildlife populations are in decline, a more aggressive control strategy might be called for. But in healthier ecosystems or areas that harbor smaller colonies, trap-neuter-and-return might be a reasonable solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some think an even better solution might be housing cats in enclosed sanctuaries, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.belleglensanctuary.com/\">Belleglen Sanctuary in Chico\u003c/a>, which protects wildlife while keeping feral cats safe from disease and injury. But such shelters \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?inReplyTo=54039&root=54039\">quickly fill to capacity.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the survey found highly polarized opinions, it also showed that both groups share a love of animals—many “bird people” owned cats and many “cat people” said they love birds too. What’s more, caretakers were optimistic that they could work with biologists to find better ways to manage feral cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With \u003ca href=\"http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sowb/state\">one in eight bird species threatened with extinction\u003c/a>, this is an opportunity for collaboration we can’t afford to squander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s one thing no one disputes. The kind souls who take care of feral cats didn’t create the problem. People who abandon the animals that depend on them did. It’s illegal to abandon your pet in most states, including California, but enforcement is notoriously difficult. Clearly, we need new strategies to stop this cruel and inhumane behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the cats I’ve ever adopted were once stray or feral. It takes time, effort, and patience to socialize a feral cat, but there’s nothing like watching mistrust turn to affection. I love to watch the vestigial gestures of wild felids in my house cats, but I know they didn’t evolve as natural predators on the American landscape. They depend on us for food, shelter, and safety. Animal shelters take in 6 million to 8 million cats and dogs each year and euthanize about half of them. We have an ethical duty to take better care of our animals—domesticated and wild—and learn to tell the difference.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Feral cats threaten native wildlife, from reptiles to birds, and often lead a miserable life. By better understanding the concerns of cat colony caretakers, wildlife biologists hope to find enough common ground to benefit both cats and wildlife.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366739915,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1508},"headData":{"title":"Culture Clash: Of Cats, Birds and Conservation | KQED","description":"Feral cats threaten native wildlife, from reptiles to birds, and often lead a miserable life. By better understanding the concerns of cat colony caretakers, wildlife biologists hope to find enough common ground to benefit both cats and wildlife.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Culture Clash: Of Cats, Birds and Conservation","datePublished":"2012-09-19T15:00:26.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-23T17:58:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"44107 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=44107","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/","disqusTitle":"Culture Clash: Of Cats, Birds and Conservation","path":"/quest/44107/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44120\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/kumatongue/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44120\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-44120\" title=\"kuma\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/kumatongue.jpg\" alt=\"domestic house cat\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Domestic bliss: Born under a bush in Guerneville, this once feral cat now enjoys the comforts of home. Patience, dedication, and gentle handling can transform a frightened, suspicious feral cat into a trusting, loving companion. (Photo: Barry Bergman)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We humans have an uneasy relationship with nature. Lest you doubt it, consider that the 1964 Wilderness Act defines wilderness as “an area where the earth and community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The notion that people live apart from nature might explain our sometimes skewed views of wildlife—Americans keep as many as \u003ca href=\"http://bigcatrescue.org/2012/big-cats-and-public-safety-protection-hr-4122\">20,000 tigers, cheetahs, and other big cats\u003c/a> as pets—and our seemingly unique capacity for \u003ca href=\"http://e360.yale.edu/feature/too_many_people_too_much_consumption/2041/\">destroying natural resources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By recent estimates, we’re using resources 50 percent faster than they can recover. Despite mounting evidence linking human well-being to healthy ecosystems, we seem constitutionally \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000330\">incapable of changing our behavior\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation biologists try to inspire people to act in environmentally-friendly ways, but often inspire emotional confrontations instead. That’s why some biologists are looking to social psychologists for advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Conservation Psychology\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIt’s no surprise that conflicts arise when two groups view the facts of a situation through a different lens. But the hope is that understanding the social roots of conservation conflicts—how people’s values and beliefs shape their behavior—will suggest strategies for resolving them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0044616\">study published earlier this month\u003c/a> researchers led by Nils Peterson at North Carolina State University applied this approach to a particularly contentious issue: feral cats and their impacts on birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feral cats are simply house cats that, without the care and love of an owner, behave like a wild animal. And it’s hard to imagine a group more emotionally invested in an issue than the women who take care of feral cats. (I should know. I once looked after a mini-colony in the backyard of my Sunset District rental.) As several studies show, cat colony caretakers tend to be women, many of whom also have tame cats at home, see their feral charges as pets, and often cite sympathy, ethical concerns, and \u003ca href=\"http://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/abs/10.2460/javma.2002.220.1627?journalCode=javma\">love of animals as their main motivators\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44296\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/rsgranne_-_cats_cats_cats_arrow_rock_missouri_20050703_03_by-sa/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44296\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-44296\" title=\"Rsgranne_-_Cats_cats_cats!_(Arrow_Rock,_Missouri,_20050703)_03_(by-sa)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Rsgranne_-_Cats_cats_cats_Arrow_Rock_Missouri_20050703_03_by-sa-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"feral cat colony\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This feral cat colony lives in an Arrow Rock, Missouri, backyard and neighboring grounds. (Photo: Scott Granneman, St. Louis, MO)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>No one knows how many feral cats live in the U.S., though the American Veterinary Medical Association suspects the number rivals that of cats living as pets, estimated at 86 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By most accounts, feral cats face a miserable life. \u003ca href=\"https://www.avma.org/News/Journals/Collections/Documents/javma_225_9_1399.pdf\">One study looking at reproductive rates\u003c/a> in feral cats found that 75% of kittens died or disappeared within six months. Most were either run over by cars or killed by stray dogs. Feral cats have twice the rate of FIV of house cats and significantly higher rates of bacterial and parasitic infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s understandable why kind-hearted people take care of cats left to fend for themselves. Unfortunately, these natural-born killers are doing what comes naturally. And wildlife populations, including species common and rare, are paying for our good intentions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Study after study documents the toll feral cats take on wildlife. Most experts think the \u003ca href=\"https://www.avma.org/News/Journals/Collections/Documents/javma_225_9_1377.pdf\">cats kill hundreds of millions\u003c/a> of native birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and fish in the U.S. each year. Wildlife rehabilitation specialists at Walnut Creek’s Lindsey Museum handled more than 1,000 birds with cat-related injuries in 2003 alone. Of course, no one knows how many birds died in backyards or wound up in cats’ bellies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some advocates say feeding cats controls their predatory instincts, but the evidence suggests otherwise. \u003ca href=\"http://www.tws-west.org/transactions/Hawkins%20Grant%20Longnecker.pdf\">A 1999 study of two East Bay parks\u003c/a> found that in sites with regularly fed cat colonies, “native birds were markedly less abundant and less likely to nest, and ground-foraging species such as California quail and thrasher were entirely absent.” Feral cats also endanger native raptors by depleting their prey base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Polarized Views\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAgainst this background, Peterson and his team polled 338 cat colony caretakers and 239 bird conservation professionals (from the Audubon Society, American Bird Conservancy, and similar groups) about their views of feral felines, the cats’ impacts on wildlife, and strategies to control their populations. Many feral cat advocates promote the use of trap-neuter-and-return programs to control colonies, though studies fail to support their effectiveness. That’s probably partly because people abandon their animals faster than caretakers can sterilize them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, the two groups held opposite views on nearly every question. “Bird people” viewed feral cats as “pests” and considered “euthanasia” an appropriate management strategy. Just 20% of “cat people” thought feral cats endanger native birds and just 6% thought feral cats carry disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44109\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/africanwildcat/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44109\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-44109\" title=\"AfricanWildCat\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/AfricanWildCat-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"African wildcat\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Genetic studies trace the origins of the house cat to at least five wildcat species (\u003cem>Felis silvestris\u003c/em>), originating in the Near East. The African Wild Cat (\u003cem>Felis silvestris lybica\u003c/em>), above, is the house cat's most recent ancestor in the history of domestication. (Photo: Sonelle, Johannesburg Zoo, South Africa)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the record, feral cats can transmit rabies and numerous other diseases to wildlife, either indirectly—for example, when feces-borne parasites enter the watershed and infect otters and other marine life—or directly, by spreading FIV to mountain lions and critically endangered Florida panthers who prey on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A surprising 59% of caretakers thought feral cats play a natural role as predators. That was true \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/106/suppl.1/9971.full\">for their progenitors, Near East wildcats\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Felis silvestris lybica\u003c/em>), which started hanging around farmers and their rodent-infested grain silos in the Fertile Crescent some 10,000 years ago. (Experts think, given the cat's notorious independent nature, domestication happened as cats adopted people rather than vice versa.) But domestication released these felines from the constraints of natural selection and paved the way for a new species, \u003cem>Felis catus\u003c/em>, thousands of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Path to Compromise\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWith little common ground between bird people and cat lovers, whose positions are so tied to personal views of the problem, public education campaigns probably won’t work, the researchers say. Feral cat advocates care passionately about the welfare of individual cats while bird conservation workers (and wildlife biologists) care about the long-term prospects of wildlife populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44135\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/injuredphoebe/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44135\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-44135\" title=\"injuredphoebe\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/injuredphoebe-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"kitty cam and injured bird\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The \"kitty cam\" outfitted on a house cat as part of a research project shows an injured phoebe. Sixty pet cats in Athens-Clarke County, Georgia, wore cameras for 7 to 10 days on their outdoor adventures. The research is a joint project of the University of Georgia and National Geographic. (Photo: University of Georgia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What might help is engaging cat caretakers in research on feral cat behavior—it’s hard to deny what you see with our own eyes—as well as in programs to protect wildlife. Plus, as other studies show, the best solutions will likely be site specific. Where birds and other wildlife populations are in decline, a more aggressive control strategy might be called for. But in healthier ecosystems or areas that harbor smaller colonies, trap-neuter-and-return might be a reasonable solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some think an even better solution might be housing cats in enclosed sanctuaries, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.belleglensanctuary.com/\">Belleglen Sanctuary in Chico\u003c/a>, which protects wildlife while keeping feral cats safe from disease and injury. But such shelters \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?inReplyTo=54039&root=54039\">quickly fill to capacity.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the survey found highly polarized opinions, it also showed that both groups share a love of animals—many “bird people” owned cats and many “cat people” said they love birds too. What’s more, caretakers were optimistic that they could work with biologists to find better ways to manage feral cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With \u003ca href=\"http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sowb/state\">one in eight bird species threatened with extinction\u003c/a>, this is an opportunity for collaboration we can’t afford to squander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s one thing no one disputes. The kind souls who take care of feral cats didn’t create the problem. People who abandon the animals that depend on them did. It’s illegal to abandon your pet in most states, including California, but enforcement is notoriously difficult. Clearly, we need new strategies to stop this cruel and inhumane behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the cats I’ve ever adopted were once stray or feral. It takes time, effort, and patience to socialize a feral cat, but there’s nothing like watching mistrust turn to affection. I love to watch the vestigial gestures of wild felids in my house cats, but I know they didn’t evolve as natural predators on the American landscape. They depend on us for food, shelter, and safety. Animal shelters take in 6 million to 8 million cats and dogs each year and euthanize about half of them. We have an ethical duty to take better care of our animals—domesticated and wild—and learn to tell the difference.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/44107/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation","authors":["6322"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_340","quest_10936","quest_3529","quest_11452","quest_11277","quest_11453","quest_11454","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_44120","label":"quest"},"quest_43418":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_43418","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"43418","score":null,"sort":[1346857257000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge","title":"Braking for Beetles: When Recreation and Conservation Converge","publishDate":1346857257,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43424\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/beetle-approaching-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43424\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-43424\" title=\"Ohlone tiger beetle \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/beetle-approaching.carousel-640x358.jpg\" alt=\"Ohlone tiger beetle\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The endangered Ohlone tiger beetle, found only in Santa Cruz County, sports a forbidding set of mandibles, befitting this top insect predator. (Image: Tara Cornelisse)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wildlife biologists joke that they chose biology because they liked animals more than people, but now spend more time dealing with humans than wildlife. As biodiversity loss proceeds at an unprecedented rate—25% of all mammals alone are at risk of extinction—it’s not surprising that biologists increasingly focus on finding ways to protect what’s left. And protection strategies inevitably involve managing human behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolf experts typically spend a disproportionate chunk of their time trying to convince people why taking even minor steps to coexist with carnivores—like mounting \u003ca href=\"http://sciencetrio.wordpress.com/2011/04/05/electrifying-deterrents-wolves-and-fladry/\">fladry\u003c/a> (usually red flags attached to twine) along fences or placing livestock inside at night to thwart opportunistic predation—can benefit both wolves and humans. Lion biologists do much the same, while also reassuring anxious park visitors that lions really would prefer to make a meal of deer over people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists have one thing in their favor when doing public outreach for such charismatic carnivores. If people don’t have time to learn the ecological benefits of keeping lions and wolves on the landscape, they can easily appreciate the aesthetic value of having them around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a bit tougher for biologists like Tara Cornelisse to count on \u003ca href=\"http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/environmental-aesthetics/#EnvAesEnv\">conservation aesthetics\u003c/a> when making her case to protect another fearsome carnivore: \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzpl.org/endangered/species/16/\">the Ohlone tiger beetle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ambush predator like its namesake, the tiger beetle relies on agility and keen eyesight to find, stalk, and pounce on potential prey, which includes ants, spiders, smaller beetles, flies, and whatever else it can catch. Tiger beetle larvae pop from their burrow like a mini jack-in-the-box to nab invertebrate passersby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43441\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/beetle-head-shot/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43441\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-43441\" title=\"beetle head shot\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/beetle-head-shot-440x360.jpg\" alt=\"ohlone tiger beetle \" width=\"440\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prey caught in the beetle’s powerful, sickle-shaped toothy jaws have little chance of escaping. (Image: Maycee Hash)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cornelisse’s endangered study subject, discovered in 1987, now lives in just five isolated grassland parcels in Santa Cruz County. Though Cornelisse, a PhD candidate in environmental studies at UC Santa Cruz, sees nothing but beauty in the “gorgeous\" little iridescent green beetle, it’s not likely to make the cover of \u003cem>National Geographic\u003c/em> anytime soon. And then there’s the human problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outdoor recreation is a leading cause of declines in endangered and threatened species on public lands. When Cornelisse started studying the tiger beetle, hikers and mountain bikers were viewed as their biggest threat, especially after a \u003ca href=\"http://www.metroactive.com/papers/cruz/04.24.02/beetles-0217.html\">2002 news story\u003c/a> blamed bikers for making mincemeat out of the endangered arthropods as they blasted down trails in sensitive beetle habitat. As a result, trails were closed to protect the beetles, pitting humans against endangered species once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiger beetles love disturbed landscapes, once a major feature of their coastal prairie habitat thanks to now extinct vegetation-trampling woolly mammoths, elk, and other ungulates, and to seasonal fires managed by Native Americans. The loss of grazers and the spread of invasive species means beetles increasingly struggle to find the bare ground they need to thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cornelisse sees a potential path toward tiger beetle recovery with help from some unlikely allies. Recreational trails appear to be replacing habitat lost to invasive grasses. And that means the species’ greatest hope of survival may rest with the very people who accidentally squash individuals on trails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ironically, trail closures lasted only a few years after anecdotal reports that spreading vegetation had reclaimed coveted bare-ground habitat. Since beetles appear to depend on recreational trails to hunt and find mates, Cornelisse is trying to figure out how to keep trails open while reducing beetle mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward that end, she worked with Watsonville high school science teacher Bill Callahan to interview hikers and bikers alongside trails. She wanted to know if people would change their habits if they knew that doing so would benefit an endangered insect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43451\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 449px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/ohlonetigerbeetle-fws/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43451\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-43451\" title=\"ohlonetigerbeetle.FWS\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/ohlonetigerbeetle.FWS_-449x360.jpg\" alt=\"ohlone tiger beetle \" width=\"449\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ohlone tiger beetles need bare ground to hunt, find mates, and regulate their body temperature. Recreational trails may help replace habitat lost to invasive grasses and the absence of natural landscape disturbance and fires--as long as bikers follow posted rules aimed at reducing beetle casualties. (Image: US Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Using cookies and water to lure folks away from their recreational activities long enough for the survey, Cornelisse and Callahan asked them a set of questions to determine their knowledge of the beetle and recreational impacts, and whether they valued its conservation and would comply with management strategies to conserve habitat and reduce beetle mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strategies include slowing down, dismounting and walking, avoiding closed trails, using alternate routes, and helping to make new trails in grasslands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cornelisse discovered, as social science theory predicts, that education can affect attitudes and ultimately behavior. And people were delighted when they learned that their actions can have positive impacts on an endangered species, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When cyclists fly through tiger beetle territory at high speeds, the insects in turn fly off to nearby tall grasses, wasting precious energy needed to hunt and maintain body temperature. Bikers can cut their negative impacts in half simply by slowing down to speeds of 5 to 7 miles an hour in beetle habitat, Cornelisse’s research shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because younger respondents tended not to know about the beetle, and those aware of the beetle and its plight were more likely to comply with conservation strategies, Cornelisse thinks educational outreach programs should target younger hikers and bikers, particularly high school mountain biking groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she hopes nature lovers beyond Santa Cruz County who haven’t heard of the beautiful little predator might consider lending a hand to create more beetle-friendly trails. It’s not every day mountain bikers—sometimes referred to as “wheeled locusts”—get a chance to show they respect and value public lands just as much as the rest of us.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The endangered Ohlone tiger beetle, found only in Santa Cruz County, depends on disturbed landscapes to hunt and breed. Migrating woolly mammoths and more recently grazing elk helped maintain that habitat. Recreational trails might prove a good replacement--as long as mountain bikers follow rules to reduce beetle casualties.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443830611,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":993},"headData":{"title":"Braking for Beetles: When Recreation and Conservation Converge | KQED","description":"The endangered Ohlone tiger beetle, found only in Santa Cruz County, depends on disturbed landscapes to hunt and breed. Migrating woolly mammoths and more recently grazing elk helped maintain that habitat. Recreational trails might prove a good replacement--as long as mountain bikers follow rules to reduce beetle casualties.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Braking for Beetles: When Recreation and Conservation Converge","datePublished":"2012-09-05T15:00:57.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-03T00:03:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"43418 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=43418","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/","disqusTitle":"Braking for Beetles: When Recreation and Conservation Converge","path":"/quest/43418/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43424\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/beetle-approaching-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43424\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-43424\" title=\"Ohlone tiger beetle \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/beetle-approaching.carousel-640x358.jpg\" alt=\"Ohlone tiger beetle\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The endangered Ohlone tiger beetle, found only in Santa Cruz County, sports a forbidding set of mandibles, befitting this top insect predator. (Image: Tara Cornelisse)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wildlife biologists joke that they chose biology because they liked animals more than people, but now spend more time dealing with humans than wildlife. As biodiversity loss proceeds at an unprecedented rate—25% of all mammals alone are at risk of extinction—it’s not surprising that biologists increasingly focus on finding ways to protect what’s left. And protection strategies inevitably involve managing human behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolf experts typically spend a disproportionate chunk of their time trying to convince people why taking even minor steps to coexist with carnivores—like mounting \u003ca href=\"http://sciencetrio.wordpress.com/2011/04/05/electrifying-deterrents-wolves-and-fladry/\">fladry\u003c/a> (usually red flags attached to twine) along fences or placing livestock inside at night to thwart opportunistic predation—can benefit both wolves and humans. Lion biologists do much the same, while also reassuring anxious park visitors that lions really would prefer to make a meal of deer over people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists have one thing in their favor when doing public outreach for such charismatic carnivores. If people don’t have time to learn the ecological benefits of keeping lions and wolves on the landscape, they can easily appreciate the aesthetic value of having them around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a bit tougher for biologists like Tara Cornelisse to count on \u003ca href=\"http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/environmental-aesthetics/#EnvAesEnv\">conservation aesthetics\u003c/a> when making her case to protect another fearsome carnivore: \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzpl.org/endangered/species/16/\">the Ohlone tiger beetle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ambush predator like its namesake, the tiger beetle relies on agility and keen eyesight to find, stalk, and pounce on potential prey, which includes ants, spiders, smaller beetles, flies, and whatever else it can catch. Tiger beetle larvae pop from their burrow like a mini jack-in-the-box to nab invertebrate passersby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43441\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/beetle-head-shot/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43441\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-43441\" title=\"beetle head shot\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/beetle-head-shot-440x360.jpg\" alt=\"ohlone tiger beetle \" width=\"440\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prey caught in the beetle’s powerful, sickle-shaped toothy jaws have little chance of escaping. (Image: Maycee Hash)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cornelisse’s endangered study subject, discovered in 1987, now lives in just five isolated grassland parcels in Santa Cruz County. Though Cornelisse, a PhD candidate in environmental studies at UC Santa Cruz, sees nothing but beauty in the “gorgeous\" little iridescent green beetle, it’s not likely to make the cover of \u003cem>National Geographic\u003c/em> anytime soon. And then there’s the human problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outdoor recreation is a leading cause of declines in endangered and threatened species on public lands. When Cornelisse started studying the tiger beetle, hikers and mountain bikers were viewed as their biggest threat, especially after a \u003ca href=\"http://www.metroactive.com/papers/cruz/04.24.02/beetles-0217.html\">2002 news story\u003c/a> blamed bikers for making mincemeat out of the endangered arthropods as they blasted down trails in sensitive beetle habitat. As a result, trails were closed to protect the beetles, pitting humans against endangered species once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiger beetles love disturbed landscapes, once a major feature of their coastal prairie habitat thanks to now extinct vegetation-trampling woolly mammoths, elk, and other ungulates, and to seasonal fires managed by Native Americans. The loss of grazers and the spread of invasive species means beetles increasingly struggle to find the bare ground they need to thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cornelisse sees a potential path toward tiger beetle recovery with help from some unlikely allies. Recreational trails appear to be replacing habitat lost to invasive grasses. And that means the species’ greatest hope of survival may rest with the very people who accidentally squash individuals on trails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ironically, trail closures lasted only a few years after anecdotal reports that spreading vegetation had reclaimed coveted bare-ground habitat. Since beetles appear to depend on recreational trails to hunt and find mates, Cornelisse is trying to figure out how to keep trails open while reducing beetle mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward that end, she worked with Watsonville high school science teacher Bill Callahan to interview hikers and bikers alongside trails. She wanted to know if people would change their habits if they knew that doing so would benefit an endangered insect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43451\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 449px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/ohlonetigerbeetle-fws/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43451\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-43451\" title=\"ohlonetigerbeetle.FWS\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/ohlonetigerbeetle.FWS_-449x360.jpg\" alt=\"ohlone tiger beetle \" width=\"449\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ohlone tiger beetles need bare ground to hunt, find mates, and regulate their body temperature. Recreational trails may help replace habitat lost to invasive grasses and the absence of natural landscape disturbance and fires--as long as bikers follow posted rules aimed at reducing beetle casualties. (Image: US Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Using cookies and water to lure folks away from their recreational activities long enough for the survey, Cornelisse and Callahan asked them a set of questions to determine their knowledge of the beetle and recreational impacts, and whether they valued its conservation and would comply with management strategies to conserve habitat and reduce beetle mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strategies include slowing down, dismounting and walking, avoiding closed trails, using alternate routes, and helping to make new trails in grasslands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cornelisse discovered, as social science theory predicts, that education can affect attitudes and ultimately behavior. And people were delighted when they learned that their actions can have positive impacts on an endangered species, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When cyclists fly through tiger beetle territory at high speeds, the insects in turn fly off to nearby tall grasses, wasting precious energy needed to hunt and maintain body temperature. Bikers can cut their negative impacts in half simply by slowing down to speeds of 5 to 7 miles an hour in beetle habitat, Cornelisse’s research shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because younger respondents tended not to know about the beetle, and those aware of the beetle and its plight were more likely to comply with conservation strategies, Cornelisse thinks educational outreach programs should target younger hikers and bikers, particularly high school mountain biking groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she hopes nature lovers beyond Santa Cruz County who haven’t heard of the beautiful little predator might consider lending a hand to create more beetle-friendly trails. It’s not every day mountain bikers—sometimes referred to as “wheeled locusts”—get a chance to show they respect and value public lands just as much as the rest of us.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/43418/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge","authors":["6322"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_11413","quest_326","quest_10936","quest_3529","quest_980","quest_1472","quest_11412","quest_13","quest_2507","quest_3808"],"featImg":"quest_43424","label":"quest"},"quest_14145":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_14145","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"14145","score":null,"sort":[1304114407000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"spotted-owls-face-new-threat-2","title":"Spotted Owls Face New Threat","publishDate":1304114407,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Spotted Owls Face New Threat | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/owl3002.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A northern spotted owl in Marin County. Credit: National Park Service.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spotted owls are one of the most iconic threatened species in the West. But despite two decades of work to bring them back, their numbers are still declining. That may be due in part to a new threat – not from humans, but from other owls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might picture spotted owls in a mossy Pacific Northwest forest – but they actually live right here in the Bay Area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a forest near Muir Woods, Bill Merkle, a National Park Service ecologist, plays a recorded northern spotted owl call. He’s standing where a pair of owls had a nest last year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they’re just probably 50 or 60 feet up there…” says Merkle. After a moment, he hears a faint call. Merkle runs up a steep slope that’s covered in brush and poison oak. In the branches above his, he sees two spotted owls. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=”QUEST Audio Player” skin=”http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip” file=”http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/05/2011-05-02-quest.mp3″ ]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/spotted-owls-face-new-threat\">Spotted Owls Face New Threat\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“So this would definitely be a pair. They’re hanging out together,” says Merkle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=B08B\">Northern spotted owls\u003c/a> aren’t very big. They’re a brown owl with white spots that’s found from Washington state down to the Bay Area. They’ve also had the starring role in a decades-long battle between loggers and wildlife groups over their habitat. In many logging towns in the early 1990s, this owl was public enemy number one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merkle says in all, about 80 pairs of spotted owls are found on national park land in Marin County – and for 15 years, the park service has monitored the health of that population. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recently, Merkle says they’ve been hearing a new owl call in the forests – a \u003ca href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/barred_owl/id\">barred owl\u003c/a> call. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arrival of the Barred Owl\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The call often described as ‘who cooks for you?” says David Press, another ecologist with National Park Service. He’s joining Merkle near Muir Woods to look for the owl that makes that call – the barred owl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You see anything?” says Merkle. They peer into a hollow cavity high in a tree – a cavity that used to be a spotted owl nest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just at the base of it you can see a little bit of that barred owl,” says Merkle. It’s a female barred owl, sitting on her eggs. Merkle looks concerned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a troubling picture for the spotted owls,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barred owls are an invasive species, originally from the Eastern US. They first arrived in spotted owl territory in Washington and have been moving south down the coast – which makes this owl the frontline of the invasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The barred owl is a little larger. It’s a little more aggressive. And so in other areas where you have barred owls set up, the spotted owls aren’t there anymore,” says Merkle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barred owls take over spotted owl territory and in some cases, even attack them. In places like western Washington, the spotted owl population has been cut in half since the barred owl showed up. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Press says he’s already seeing a change in Marin. “Since the barred owls moved into the area, we’ve had a harder and harder time detecting spotted owls where they have been historically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The barred owls are really sort of adding insult to injury,” says Paul Henson of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the agency overseeing spotted owl recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The injury for the spotted owl was 100 years of habitat loss, and the sort of insult, the more recent insult, is barred owls have now shown up and are really out-competing spotted owls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Study to Remove Barred Owls\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fish and Wildlife Service hopes to deal with the issue in a new plan expected to be released in a few weeks. It includes a barred owl study that’s… raising a few eyebrows. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We identified the need to do a focused study where we could test the response of spotted owl populations to the removal of barred owls,” says Robin Bown, a biologist with Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which means…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, basically it means permanent removal. We’re going to look at all potential opportunities but the most humane way to do it is to shoot them. A shotgun removal is extremely quick, it’s almost instantaneous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bown says they plan to eliminate barred owls from a few study plots to see if the spotted owls there do better. They also want to see if it’s even feasible to remove barred owls by shooting them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yes, Bown says this is an idea that’s not easy to consider. “Oh it’s a very difficult thing. Even for those of us involved in this, it’s a very difficult concept to say I’m going to kill one species to try to save another species. But it’s also something that in some cases we need to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Muir Woods, Bill Merkle says a lot of people are waiting on the results of the study to see what’s next. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Budget cuts are also an issue. Just as more barred owls are arriving, Merkle says the park service’s owl monitoring program has been cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now the situation is getting a lot more challenging just when I think the threats are getting more apparent with the barred owls. We know climate change is going to change things out here. It is a difficult time to be cutting off our monitoring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If approved, the barred owl removal program would begin next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.89705 -122.58110\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Spotted owls, one of the most iconic threatened species in the West, are still declining. That may be due in part to a new threat - not from humans, but from other owls.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974249,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1039},"headData":{"title":"Spotted Owls Face New Threat | KQED","description":"Spotted owls, one of the most iconic threatened species in the West, are still declining. That may be due in part to a new threat - not from humans, but from other owls.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Spotted Owls Face New Threat","datePublished":"2011-04-29T22:00:07.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:24:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/14145/spotted-owls-face-new-threat-2","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/05/2011-05-02-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/owl3002.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A northern spotted owl in Marin County. Credit: National Park Service.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spotted owls are one of the most iconic threatened species in the West. But despite two decades of work to bring them back, their numbers are still declining. That may be due in part to a new threat – not from humans, but from other owls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might picture spotted owls in a mossy Pacific Northwest forest – but they actually live right here in the Bay Area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a forest near Muir Woods, Bill Merkle, a National Park Service ecologist, plays a recorded northern spotted owl call. He’s standing where a pair of owls had a nest last year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they’re just probably 50 or 60 feet up there…” says Merkle. After a moment, he hears a faint call. Merkle runs up a steep slope that’s covered in brush and poison oak. In the branches above his, he sees two spotted owls. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=”QUEST Audio Player” skin=”http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip” file=”http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/05/2011-05-02-quest.mp3″ ]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/spotted-owls-face-new-threat\">Spotted Owls Face New Threat\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“So this would definitely be a pair. They’re hanging out together,” says Merkle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=B08B\">Northern spotted owls\u003c/a> aren’t very big. They’re a brown owl with white spots that’s found from Washington state down to the Bay Area. They’ve also had the starring role in a decades-long battle between loggers and wildlife groups over their habitat. In many logging towns in the early 1990s, this owl was public enemy number one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merkle says in all, about 80 pairs of spotted owls are found on national park land in Marin County – and for 15 years, the park service has monitored the health of that population. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recently, Merkle says they’ve been hearing a new owl call in the forests – a \u003ca href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/barred_owl/id\">barred owl\u003c/a> call. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arrival of the Barred Owl\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The call often described as ‘who cooks for you?” says David Press, another ecologist with National Park Service. He’s joining Merkle near Muir Woods to look for the owl that makes that call – the barred owl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You see anything?” says Merkle. They peer into a hollow cavity high in a tree – a cavity that used to be a spotted owl nest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just at the base of it you can see a little bit of that barred owl,” says Merkle. It’s a female barred owl, sitting on her eggs. Merkle looks concerned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a troubling picture for the spotted owls,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barred owls are an invasive species, originally from the Eastern US. They first arrived in spotted owl territory in Washington and have been moving south down the coast – which makes this owl the frontline of the invasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The barred owl is a little larger. It’s a little more aggressive. And so in other areas where you have barred owls set up, the spotted owls aren’t there anymore,” says Merkle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barred owls take over spotted owl territory and in some cases, even attack them. In places like western Washington, the spotted owl population has been cut in half since the barred owl showed up. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Press says he’s already seeing a change in Marin. “Since the barred owls moved into the area, we’ve had a harder and harder time detecting spotted owls where they have been historically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The barred owls are really sort of adding insult to injury,” says Paul Henson of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the agency overseeing spotted owl recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The injury for the spotted owl was 100 years of habitat loss, and the sort of insult, the more recent insult, is barred owls have now shown up and are really out-competing spotted owls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Study to Remove Barred Owls\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fish and Wildlife Service hopes to deal with the issue in a new plan expected to be released in a few weeks. It includes a barred owl study that’s… raising a few eyebrows. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We identified the need to do a focused study where we could test the response of spotted owl populations to the removal of barred owls,” says Robin Bown, a biologist with Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which means…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, basically it means permanent removal. We’re going to look at all potential opportunities but the most humane way to do it is to shoot them. A shotgun removal is extremely quick, it’s almost instantaneous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bown says they plan to eliminate barred owls from a few study plots to see if the spotted owls there do better. They also want to see if it’s even feasible to remove barred owls by shooting them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yes, Bown says this is an idea that’s not easy to consider. “Oh it’s a very difficult thing. Even for those of us involved in this, it’s a very difficult concept to say I’m going to kill one species to try to save another species. But it’s also something that in some cases we need to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Muir Woods, Bill Merkle says a lot of people are waiting on the results of the study to see what’s next. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Budget cuts are also an issue. Just as more barred owls are arriving, Merkle says the park service’s owl monitoring program has been cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now the situation is getting a lot more challenging just when I think the threats are getting more apparent with the barred owls. We know climate change is going to change things out here. It is a difficult time to be cutting off our monitoring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If approved, the barred owl removal program would begin next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.89705 -122.58110\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/14145/spotted-owls-face-new-threat-2","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_3478","quest_3529","quest_1132","quest_3391","quest_13203","quest_2096","quest_3777","quest_3155"],"featImg":"quest_14154","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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