During Drought, Pop-Up Wetlands Give Birds a Break
How People Drove an Evolution in Cliff Swallows
Culture Clash: Of Cats, Birds and Conservation
The Pleasures of Backyard Bird-Watching
A Birder’s-Eye View of Conservation
Rough Waters for Sea Level Rise Planning
How Do Gulls Know When Giants Games are Ending?
Gulls Threaten South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Work
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She was a 2013 recipient of the NYU Reporting Award, a 2013 Dennis Hunt Health Journalism fellow and a 2015 USC Data Journalism fellow.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/lizagross/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Liza Gross | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lizagross"},"sharolembry":{"type":"authors","id":"6328","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6328","found":true},"name":"Sharol Nelson-Embry","firstName":"Sharol","lastName":"Nelson-Embry","slug":"sharolembry","email":"bobsharol@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Sharol Nelson-Embry is the Supervising Naturalist at the Crab Cove Visitor Center & Aquarium on San Francisco Bay in Alameda. 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Sharol enjoys connecting people to nature with articles in local newspapers and online forums.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/sharolembry/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1d65f00eccde30de75fac778ead552d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sharol Nelson-Embry | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1d65f00eccde30de75fac778ead552d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1d65f00eccde30de75fac778ead552d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/sharolembry"},"garyhochman":{"type":"authors","id":"10297","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10297","found":true},"name":"Gary Hochman","firstName":"Gary","lastName":"Hochman","slug":"garyhochman","email":"GHochman@netad.unl.edu","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Gary is a senior producer at NET Television. He’s produced documentaries worldwide, bringing science to audiences through TV, the web, museums, and schools. Gary has twice received the American Association for the Advancement of Science Journalism Award. His recent documentary, NOVA: Secrets Beneath The Ice, examines how researchers explore, drill and prospect to detect how Antarctica’s climate history can forecast Earth’s global climate future. His national productions include: NOVA: Ancient Refuge in the Holy Land, NOVA: Buried In Ash, NOVA: Edgerton and His Incredible Seeing Machines, Behind Lab Doors, Jungle Under Glass, Profit the Earth, Sexuality and Aging, and Seeking the Real Jesse James.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2211943d85f3e4fed61c451f70e04239?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["coordinator","edit_dashboard","edit_posts","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Gary Hochman | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2211943d85f3e4fed61c451f70e04239?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2211943d85f3e4fed61c451f70e04239?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/garyhochman"},"abrocious":{"type":"authors","id":"10465","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10465","found":true},"name":"Ariana Brocious","firstName":"Ariana","lastName":"Brocious","slug":"abrocious","email":"abrocious@netnebraska.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Ariana Brocious is the Reporter/Morning Host at NET Radio in Nebraska, where she covers energy, water, culture and Latino issues. A native of the Southwest and graduate of the University of Arizona, she traces her interest in the environment—and how humans interact with it—to her time living in Western Colorado, where she worked as News Director for KVNF Radio, and at High Country News magazine. In her non-working hours she enjoys getting outside, coaxing her vegetable garden along, and experimenting in the kitchen.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f9ff308f4dcc2ef1df5848ee85f8295a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["coordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ariana Brocious | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f9ff308f4dcc2ef1df5848ee85f8295a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f9ff308f4dcc2ef1df5848ee85f8295a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/abrocious"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_68169":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_68169","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"68169","score":null,"sort":[1397138445000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"getting-up-close-with-cranes","title":"Getting Up Close with Cranes","publishDate":1397138445,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Nebraska/Radio/Stream/gettingupclosewithcranes3_20_14web01.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Central Nebraska may look like nothing but flat cornfields from a car speeding down Interstate 80, but it’s an incredibly important stopover point for millions of migrating birds, whose wings and cries fill the skies each spring. One of the most studied and iconic of these species is the sandhill crane, which has been making this annual migration for centuries. Roughly 500,000 cranes travel through Nebraska in the spring, where they descend upon the shallow Platte River, its sandbars, and nearby wetlands to rest and feed before continuing north to breed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68966\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68966 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0226-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Cranes use these wet meadows to feed, bathe and rest during their spring migration. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News.\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cranes use these wet meadows to feed, bathe, and rest during their spring migration. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Much of the ground was still frozen on a March afternoon on Mormon Island in central Nebraska. This “island” runs for several miles between two channels of the Platte River. Mary Harner, director of science at the \u003ca href=\"http://cranetrust.org/\">Crane Trust\u003c/a>, led the way to a wet meadow: low-lying, undulating grasslands near the Platte, carved by older flows of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on an ice-covered portion of the slough roughly 20 feet across, Harner explained that once the ice melts, this area will have flowing water. These aptly named wet meadows are closely connected to the groundwater just below the surface, and they're usually marsh-like in spring and summer. Their moist soil makes it easier for birds to find bugs and plants to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have studied crane migration for decades, but they're now using cameras to get an up-close view of how the birds use this critical habitat. Last spring, Harner and other researchers set up 10 game cameras over multiple sites in the meadow. The small, camouflaged cameras were programmed to take pictures every half hour or when they detected motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68967\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 304px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68967 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0221-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"These small, remote, camouflaged cameras are placed two to three feet off the ground to capture crane behavior. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News. \" width=\"304\" height=\"202\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These small, remote, camouflaged cameras are placed two to three feet off the ground to capture crane behavior. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We had cameras paired between the low wet areas and the nearby drier areas going from south to north across this island,” Harner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though this habitat is critical for cranes and other migratory birds, during the last century much of it disappeared as the land was developed for agriculture or towns and cities. The Crane Trust is one of several organizations working on conserving what remains along the central Platte, using methods that mimic historic forces on this river habitat, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/02/25/bison-and-cranes-reunited-to-support-habitat-restoration/\">like prescribed fire and grazing with cattle and bison\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These wet meadow habitats are very rare. They’re one of the first habitats to be lost when river flows are diminished and floodplains are converted from their natural state. So we’re here to first and foremost protect the remaining grasslands and meadows like this,” Harner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68970\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 228px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68970 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0239-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Mary Harner is director of science at the Crane Trust. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News. \" width=\"228\" height=\"152\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Harner is director of science at the Crane Trust. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Harner and her colleagues think these cameras might help them learn more about how and why the birds use these areas, which will help their conservation work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Johnsgard, a renowned ornithologist and retired biology professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, has spent his career studying cranes and other birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Spring biology of cranes is really important because these six weeks or so that the birds spend in the Platte Valley are critically important for them to acquire the amount of fat -- energy -- that they need for the rest of their spring and summer activities. So it really is important to get this kind of data,” Johnsgard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crane video cameras have been around for a while, but most of the data on cranes has come from aerial surveys, thermal imaging, and people watching from wildlife blinds. Using the cameras to get thousands of up-close images offers a different way to study sandhill crane biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69099\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 331px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69099 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/CraneTrust2-331x253.jpg\" alt=\"Wet meadow habitat is critical for cranes during their annual spring migration. Photo courtesy of the Crane Trust.\" width=\"331\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wet meadow habitat is critical for cranes during their annual spring migration. Photo courtesy of the Crane Trust\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You get an enormous sample of thousands of data points and from that you can look at them statistically and figure out exactly what percentage of time birds are doing different things. It gives a set of real data instead of general perceptions,” Johnsgard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That data would be almost impossible to get without human presence affecting crane behavior, according to Greg Wright, wildlife biologist at the Crane Trust. He noted that part of the initial study involved figuring out where to put the cameras. “We didn’t know exactly how they would respond to these cameras being out there. The camera is small and fairly discreet, and it’s camouflaged, but still, in a grassland anything sticks out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright said their time-lapse photography approach builds on previous wildlife studies, and cranes make ideal subjects for this kind of technology because of their “fidelity” to the Platte River, where they’ve returned year after year for centuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The nature of cameras, when you can’t move them, you need a bird that has some sort of fidelity to a site. Other than nests, there’s not too many places that birds return to again and again in a way that you’d have enough images to be able to discover a pattern. Cranes fit that bill,” Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea for the study came from existing collaboration with the \u003ca href=\"http://p-b-t.net/\">Platte Basin Timelapse\u003c/a> project, a public/private partnership of the University of Nebraska, NET Television, and Michael Forsberg Photography, which has been collecting time-lapse images across the river system for the past three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69021\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69021 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0219-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Crane Trust Wildlife Biologist Greg Wright checks a camera that was left in place year-round, eleveated and fenced to protect it from cattle. Now that it's spring, he'll remove the fence and drop the camera height so that it can once again capture images of cranes. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News. \" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crane Trust Wildlife Biologist Greg Wright checks a camera that was left in place year-round, eleveated and fenced to protect it from cattle. Now that it's spring, he'll remove the fence and drop the camera height so that it can once again capture images of cranes. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Harner said changing technology has recently made these kinds of studies much cheaper and easier for researchers. Photos and videos are also more accessible for the general public than papers or graphs, Harner said, “being able show how the groundwater is pulsing and how these grasslands are essentially breathing … it just brings it to life in ways that are nearly impossible to visualize otherwise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student interns helped classify more than 67,000 unique behaviors from tens of thousands of images collected last March and April. Wright said their initial findings show cranes tend to congregate in the wetter parts of the meadows, where they did more bathing and resting, compared to drier upland areas, where they mostly ate and moved around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69022\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69022 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0284-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"After spending the day eating and socializing in nearby fields and wetlands, cranes typically return to the Platte River at night to protect themselves from predators. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News. \" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After spending the day eating and socializing in nearby fields and wetlands, cranes typically return to the Platte River at night to protect themselves from predators. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think we were surprised that there were these strong differences between the uplands and the sloughs -- the water areas,” Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camera data also offered rare glimpses of birds spending the night in the meadows rather than returning to the river as they normally do. Wright said that this spring the Crane Trust will use the cameras to study nighttime behavior of cranes on the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know what the birds are necessarily doing. We know they stay on the river. But to be able to have a camera right there on the roost and see those birds throughout the night… We’ll be able to see their activity pattern through the night,” Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project should help researchers and the public alike learn more about Nebraska’s annual winged travelers and their spring visits along the central Platte.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For decades, scientists have studied the annual migration of sandhill cranes through central Nebraska. A new project is using time-lapse cameras to capture and study crane behavior.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442694770,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1325},"headData":{"title":"Getting Up Close with Cranes | KQED","description":"For decades, scientists have studied the annual migration of sandhill cranes through central Nebraska. A new project is using time-lapse cameras to capture and study crane behavior.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"68169 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=68169","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/10/getting-up-close-with-cranes/","disqusTitle":"Getting Up Close with Cranes","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/68169/getting-up-close-with-cranes","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Nebraska/Radio/Stream/gettingupclosewithcranes3_20_14web01.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Nebraska/Radio/Stream/gettingupclosewithcranes3_20_14web01.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Central Nebraska may look like nothing but flat cornfields from a car speeding down Interstate 80, but it’s an incredibly important stopover point for millions of migrating birds, whose wings and cries fill the skies each spring. One of the most studied and iconic of these species is the sandhill crane, which has been making this annual migration for centuries. Roughly 500,000 cranes travel through Nebraska in the spring, where they descend upon the shallow Platte River, its sandbars, and nearby wetlands to rest and feed before continuing north to breed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68966\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68966 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0226-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Cranes use these wet meadows to feed, bathe and rest during their spring migration. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News.\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cranes use these wet meadows to feed, bathe, and rest during their spring migration. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Much of the ground was still frozen on a March afternoon on Mormon Island in central Nebraska. This “island” runs for several miles between two channels of the Platte River. Mary Harner, director of science at the \u003ca href=\"http://cranetrust.org/\">Crane Trust\u003c/a>, led the way to a wet meadow: low-lying, undulating grasslands near the Platte, carved by older flows of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on an ice-covered portion of the slough roughly 20 feet across, Harner explained that once the ice melts, this area will have flowing water. These aptly named wet meadows are closely connected to the groundwater just below the surface, and they're usually marsh-like in spring and summer. Their moist soil makes it easier for birds to find bugs and plants to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have studied crane migration for decades, but they're now using cameras to get an up-close view of how the birds use this critical habitat. Last spring, Harner and other researchers set up 10 game cameras over multiple sites in the meadow. The small, camouflaged cameras were programmed to take pictures every half hour or when they detected motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68967\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 304px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68967 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0221-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"These small, remote, camouflaged cameras are placed two to three feet off the ground to capture crane behavior. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News. \" width=\"304\" height=\"202\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These small, remote, camouflaged cameras are placed two to three feet off the ground to capture crane behavior. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We had cameras paired between the low wet areas and the nearby drier areas going from south to north across this island,” Harner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though this habitat is critical for cranes and other migratory birds, during the last century much of it disappeared as the land was developed for agriculture or towns and cities. The Crane Trust is one of several organizations working on conserving what remains along the central Platte, using methods that mimic historic forces on this river habitat, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/02/25/bison-and-cranes-reunited-to-support-habitat-restoration/\">like prescribed fire and grazing with cattle and bison\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These wet meadow habitats are very rare. They’re one of the first habitats to be lost when river flows are diminished and floodplains are converted from their natural state. So we’re here to first and foremost protect the remaining grasslands and meadows like this,” Harner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68970\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 228px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68970 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0239-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Mary Harner is director of science at the Crane Trust. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News. \" width=\"228\" height=\"152\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Harner is director of science at the Crane Trust. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Harner and her colleagues think these cameras might help them learn more about how and why the birds use these areas, which will help their conservation work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Johnsgard, a renowned ornithologist and retired biology professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, has spent his career studying cranes and other birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Spring biology of cranes is really important because these six weeks or so that the birds spend in the Platte Valley are critically important for them to acquire the amount of fat -- energy -- that they need for the rest of their spring and summer activities. So it really is important to get this kind of data,” Johnsgard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crane video cameras have been around for a while, but most of the data on cranes has come from aerial surveys, thermal imaging, and people watching from wildlife blinds. Using the cameras to get thousands of up-close images offers a different way to study sandhill crane biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69099\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 331px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69099 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/CraneTrust2-331x253.jpg\" alt=\"Wet meadow habitat is critical for cranes during their annual spring migration. Photo courtesy of the Crane Trust.\" width=\"331\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wet meadow habitat is critical for cranes during their annual spring migration. Photo courtesy of the Crane Trust\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You get an enormous sample of thousands of data points and from that you can look at them statistically and figure out exactly what percentage of time birds are doing different things. It gives a set of real data instead of general perceptions,” Johnsgard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That data would be almost impossible to get without human presence affecting crane behavior, according to Greg Wright, wildlife biologist at the Crane Trust. He noted that part of the initial study involved figuring out where to put the cameras. “We didn’t know exactly how they would respond to these cameras being out there. The camera is small and fairly discreet, and it’s camouflaged, but still, in a grassland anything sticks out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright said their time-lapse photography approach builds on previous wildlife studies, and cranes make ideal subjects for this kind of technology because of their “fidelity” to the Platte River, where they’ve returned year after year for centuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The nature of cameras, when you can’t move them, you need a bird that has some sort of fidelity to a site. Other than nests, there’s not too many places that birds return to again and again in a way that you’d have enough images to be able to discover a pattern. Cranes fit that bill,” Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea for the study came from existing collaboration with the \u003ca href=\"http://p-b-t.net/\">Platte Basin Timelapse\u003c/a> project, a public/private partnership of the University of Nebraska, NET Television, and Michael Forsberg Photography, which has been collecting time-lapse images across the river system for the past three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69021\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69021 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0219-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Crane Trust Wildlife Biologist Greg Wright checks a camera that was left in place year-round, eleveated and fenced to protect it from cattle. Now that it's spring, he'll remove the fence and drop the camera height so that it can once again capture images of cranes. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News. \" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crane Trust Wildlife Biologist Greg Wright checks a camera that was left in place year-round, eleveated and fenced to protect it from cattle. Now that it's spring, he'll remove the fence and drop the camera height so that it can once again capture images of cranes. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Harner said changing technology has recently made these kinds of studies much cheaper and easier for researchers. Photos and videos are also more accessible for the general public than papers or graphs, Harner said, “being able show how the groundwater is pulsing and how these grasslands are essentially breathing … it just brings it to life in ways that are nearly impossible to visualize otherwise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student interns helped classify more than 67,000 unique behaviors from tens of thousands of images collected last March and April. Wright said their initial findings show cranes tend to congregate in the wetter parts of the meadows, where they did more bathing and resting, compared to drier upland areas, where they mostly ate and moved around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69022\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69022 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0284-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"After spending the day eating and socializing in nearby fields and wetlands, cranes typically return to the Platte River at night to protect themselves from predators. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News. \" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After spending the day eating and socializing in nearby fields and wetlands, cranes typically return to the Platte River at night to protect themselves from predators. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think we were surprised that there were these strong differences between the uplands and the sloughs -- the water areas,” Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camera data also offered rare glimpses of birds spending the night in the meadows rather than returning to the river as they normally do. Wright said that this spring the Crane Trust will use the cameras to study nighttime behavior of cranes on the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know what the birds are necessarily doing. We know they stay on the river. But to be able to have a camera right there on the roost and see those birds throughout the night… We’ll be able to see their activity pattern through the night,” Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project should help researchers and the public alike learn more about Nebraska’s annual winged travelers and their spring visits along the central Platte.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/68169/getting-up-close-with-cranes","authors":["10465"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_304","quest_326","quest_13193","quest_340","quest_12775","quest_12646","quest_12269","quest_12774","quest_12773","quest_1819","quest_12520","quest_12777","quest_12782","quest_12491","quest_12354","quest_12645","quest_12348"],"featImg":"quest_69098","label":"source_quest_68169"},"quest_64598":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_64598","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"64598","score":null,"sort":[1390831232000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"during-drought-pop-up-wetlands-give-birds-a-break","title":"During Drought, Pop-Up Wetlands Give Birds a Break","publishDate":1390831232,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Northern+California/Radio/Stream/Pop_up_wetlands_Jan_27_2014.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/series/california-drought-watch/\">severe drought\u003c/a> is taking a toll on wildlife around the state. Millions of birds migrate through this time of year, but the waterways and wetlands they rely on are largely dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Sacramento Valley, one environmental group is working with farmers and citizen scientists to provide some help by creating temporary “pop-up” wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter is always a busy bird season at Douglas Thomas’s rice farm in Olivehurst, California, about 40 miles north of Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those fields behind there will fill with geese,” he says. “It’s just so loud. You can’t sleep at night. The first couple nights are pretty rough and I’m actually cussing them even though I love them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent winter morning, Thomas watches as a young bald eagle dives at some 3,000 snow geese floating in the rice fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as they start getting here, this is what I sit and do,” he says “I keep my binoculars in my truck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66369\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 314px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/TNC-map.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-66369\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/TNC-map.jpg\" alt=\"The orange areas show where migratory birds are likely to be on March 17 in the Central Valley, based on citizen science observations from eBird. The blue shows available waterways and wetlands. Scientists used a series of these maps to look for areas where wetlands are lacking. (Source: Cornell eBird, Point Blue Conservation Science, The Nature Conservancy)\" width=\"314\" height=\"465\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The \u003cstrong>orange areas\u003c/strong> show where migratory birds are likely to be on March 17 in the Central Valley, based on citizen science data from eBird. The \u003cstrong>blue\u003c/strong> shows available water. Scientists used a series of these maps to look for areas where wetlands are lacking. (Source: Cornell eBird, Point Blue Conservation Science, The Nature Conservancy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The birds come here because Thomas keeps his rice fields flooded in December and January. The water decomposes the rice straw leftover from last year’s harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, at the end of January, “we would let our water go and start trying to dry our fields out because the lake that’s in front of us has to be dry enough to drive a tractor in it and then we’ve got to seed it,” he says\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not this year. Thomas is leaving water on his fields a little longer as part of an experimental project with \u003ca href=\"http://www.conserveca.org/blog_multimedia/precision-conservation.xml\">The Nature Conservancy\u003c/a>, designed to provide extra habitat for the birds when they need it most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas’s farm is in the middle of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/the-great-migration/\">Pacific Flyway\u003c/a>, a vast migration route that stretches from the Arctic to South America. The Central Valley is a key pit stop for millions of birds along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is really the linchpin of the Pacific Flyway,” says Nature Conservancy scientist Mark Reynolds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of these species breed in the high Arctic and are coming down to spend the wintertime in southern latitudes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some birds, like snow geese, spend the winter in California. Others only stop briefly before continuing hundreds of miles south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like stopping on a road trip so anywhere that they can find habitat and find things to eat to put on fat for their journey, they’ll stop,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But wetlands aren’t as abundant as they once were. Ninety percent of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">Central Valley’s historic wetlands\u003c/a> have been filled in and dry years like this one make it even tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"California is really the linchpin of the Pacific Flyway\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Many of these water bird species on the flyway have had long-term declining population trends,” Reynolds says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reynolds wanted to know where and when the birds need wetlands, so he turned to an \u003ca href=\"http://ebird.org/content/ebird/\">app called e-Bird\u003c/a>. Birders have used it to report tens of thousands of bird sightings, creating a detailed data set.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What it gives us that we’ve not really had before is for many, many species, \u003ca href=\"http://www.conserveca.org/blog_multimedia/precision-conservation.xml\">we now can look week-by-week\u003c/a> at arrival patterns in California,” Reynolds says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In places that lack wetlands, the Nature Conservancy asked rice farmers to put up bids, pricing out how much it would cost to keep their fields flooded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is paying farmers \u003ca href=\"http://www.conserveca.org/blog_multimedia/precision-conservation.xml\">to create about 10,000 acres\u003c/a> of these temporary wetlands in February and March. The bidding process is secret, but bids came in both above and below $45 per acre, the payments some farmers get from federal conservation programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66368\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 309px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Thomas1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-66368\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Thomas1.jpg\" alt=\"Rice farmer Douglas Thomas watches thousands of snow geese take flight. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"309\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Thomas1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Thomas1-400x368.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 309px) 100vw, 309px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rice farmer Douglas Thomas watches thousands of snow geese take flight. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thomas says his cost is largely labor. “It’ll push back our planting cycle,” he says. “We can’t get into our fields earlier. So we’re putting harder, longer hours on our tractor and our crew. We’re taking a greater risk doing this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas will keep two-to-four inches of water on his fields for four weeks. The water level is tailored for shorebirds, like long-billed dowitchers, sandpipers, and godwits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature Conservancy economist Eric Hallstein says the payments help offset the farmers’ risks and are a cost-effective way to create habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The traditional model in conservation – it’s actually to permanently buy a piece of property or an easement,” Hallstein says. “It’s very expensive, prohibitively expensive. And also, we don’t want to displace farmers from that property.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Douglas Thomas sees a more personal upside. “Northern pintail is my favorite bird,” he says. “It’s such a graceful, amazing creature. And that we’re part of that annual cycle, that’s a neat, special thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By April, his fields will be dry and the birds will be on their way back north.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As California's drought gets worse, farmers and conservationists are teaming up to create temporary wetlands for birds migrating on the Pacific Flyway.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442607140,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":938},"headData":{"title":"During Drought, Pop-Up Wetlands Give Birds a Break | KQED","description":"As California's drought gets worse, farmers and conservationists are teaming up to create temporary wetlands for birds migrating on the Pacific Flyway.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"64598 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=64598","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/01/27/during-drought-pop-up-wetlands-give-birds-a-break/","disqusTitle":"During Drought, Pop-Up Wetlands Give Birds a Break","path":"/quest/64598/during-drought-pop-up-wetlands-give-birds-a-break","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Northern+California/Radio/Stream/Pop_up_wetlands_Jan_27_2014.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Northern+California/Radio/Stream/Pop_up_wetlands_Jan_27_2014.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/series/california-drought-watch/\">severe drought\u003c/a> is taking a toll on wildlife around the state. Millions of birds migrate through this time of year, but the waterways and wetlands they rely on are largely dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Sacramento Valley, one environmental group is working with farmers and citizen scientists to provide some help by creating temporary “pop-up” wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter is always a busy bird season at Douglas Thomas’s rice farm in Olivehurst, California, about 40 miles north of Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those fields behind there will fill with geese,” he says. “It’s just so loud. You can’t sleep at night. The first couple nights are pretty rough and I’m actually cussing them even though I love them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent winter morning, Thomas watches as a young bald eagle dives at some 3,000 snow geese floating in the rice fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as they start getting here, this is what I sit and do,” he says “I keep my binoculars in my truck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66369\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 314px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/TNC-map.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-66369\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/TNC-map.jpg\" alt=\"The orange areas show where migratory birds are likely to be on March 17 in the Central Valley, based on citizen science observations from eBird. The blue shows available waterways and wetlands. Scientists used a series of these maps to look for areas where wetlands are lacking. (Source: Cornell eBird, Point Blue Conservation Science, The Nature Conservancy)\" width=\"314\" height=\"465\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The \u003cstrong>orange areas\u003c/strong> show where migratory birds are likely to be on March 17 in the Central Valley, based on citizen science data from eBird. The \u003cstrong>blue\u003c/strong> shows available water. Scientists used a series of these maps to look for areas where wetlands are lacking. (Source: Cornell eBird, Point Blue Conservation Science, The Nature Conservancy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The birds come here because Thomas keeps his rice fields flooded in December and January. The water decomposes the rice straw leftover from last year’s harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, at the end of January, “we would let our water go and start trying to dry our fields out because the lake that’s in front of us has to be dry enough to drive a tractor in it and then we’ve got to seed it,” he says\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not this year. Thomas is leaving water on his fields a little longer as part of an experimental project with \u003ca href=\"http://www.conserveca.org/blog_multimedia/precision-conservation.xml\">The Nature Conservancy\u003c/a>, designed to provide extra habitat for the birds when they need it most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas’s farm is in the middle of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/the-great-migration/\">Pacific Flyway\u003c/a>, a vast migration route that stretches from the Arctic to South America. The Central Valley is a key pit stop for millions of birds along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is really the linchpin of the Pacific Flyway,” says Nature Conservancy scientist Mark Reynolds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of these species breed in the high Arctic and are coming down to spend the wintertime in southern latitudes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some birds, like snow geese, spend the winter in California. Others only stop briefly before continuing hundreds of miles south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like stopping on a road trip so anywhere that they can find habitat and find things to eat to put on fat for their journey, they’ll stop,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But wetlands aren’t as abundant as they once were. Ninety percent of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">Central Valley’s historic wetlands\u003c/a> have been filled in and dry years like this one make it even tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"California is really the linchpin of the Pacific Flyway\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Many of these water bird species on the flyway have had long-term declining population trends,” Reynolds says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reynolds wanted to know where and when the birds need wetlands, so he turned to an \u003ca href=\"http://ebird.org/content/ebird/\">app called e-Bird\u003c/a>. Birders have used it to report tens of thousands of bird sightings, creating a detailed data set.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What it gives us that we’ve not really had before is for many, many species, \u003ca href=\"http://www.conserveca.org/blog_multimedia/precision-conservation.xml\">we now can look week-by-week\u003c/a> at arrival patterns in California,” Reynolds says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In places that lack wetlands, the Nature Conservancy asked rice farmers to put up bids, pricing out how much it would cost to keep their fields flooded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is paying farmers \u003ca href=\"http://www.conserveca.org/blog_multimedia/precision-conservation.xml\">to create about 10,000 acres\u003c/a> of these temporary wetlands in February and March. The bidding process is secret, but bids came in both above and below $45 per acre, the payments some farmers get from federal conservation programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66368\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 309px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Thomas1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-66368\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Thomas1.jpg\" alt=\"Rice farmer Douglas Thomas watches thousands of snow geese take flight. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"309\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Thomas1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/12/Thomas1-400x368.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 309px) 100vw, 309px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rice farmer Douglas Thomas watches thousands of snow geese take flight. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thomas says his cost is largely labor. “It’ll push back our planting cycle,” he says. “We can’t get into our fields earlier. So we’re putting harder, longer hours on our tractor and our crew. We’re taking a greater risk doing this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas will keep two-to-four inches of water on his fields for four weeks. The water level is tailored for shorebirds, like long-billed dowitchers, sandpipers, and godwits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature Conservancy economist Eric Hallstein says the payments help offset the farmers’ risks and are a cost-effective way to create habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The traditional model in conservation – it’s actually to permanently buy a piece of property or an easement,” Hallstein says. “It’s very expensive, prohibitively expensive. And also, we don’t want to displace farmers from that property.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Douglas Thomas sees a more personal upside. “Northern pintail is my favorite bird,” he says. “It’s such a graceful, amazing creature. And that we’re part of that annual cycle, that’s a neat, special thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By April, his fields will be dry and the birds will be on their way back north.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/64598/during-drought-pop-up-wetlands-give-birds-a-break","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_85","quest_252","quest_326","quest_340","quest_438","quest_533","quest_684","quest_1073","quest_12269","quest_1819","quest_2102","quest_13","quest_3108","quest_3155"],"featImg":"quest_66367","label":"quest"},"quest_50959":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_50959","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"50959","score":null,"sort":[1386255625000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-people-drove-an-evolution-in-cliff-swallows","title":"How People Drove an Evolution in Cliff Swallows","publishDate":1386255625,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63736\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63736 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/MaryBB_IMG_8975-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"MaryBB_IMG_8975\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Nebraska ornithologist Mary Bomberger Brown measures the wingspan of a cliff swallow. Photo credit: Gary Hochman\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">When the worlds of nature and people converge, nature is often endangered. But in a strange twist, the manmade world of highways has favored the survival of \u003ca href=\"http://birds.audubon.org/birds/cliff-swallow\">cliff swallows\u003c/a>, according to University of Nebraska ornithologist Mary Bomberger Brown. “Natural selection and human development have created a better bird,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63746\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 191px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63746 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/DSC_0033a-235x253.jpg\" alt=\"DSC_0033a\" width=\"191\" height=\"205\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff swallows are migratory birds that live in large colonies. Photo credit: Mary Bomberger Brown\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bomberger Brown's bold conclusion is based on her \u003ca href=\"http://download.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/PIIS0960982213001942.pdf\">30-year study of cliff swallows\u003c/a> – one of the longest running evolution studies in the world. Cliff swallows are North American migratory birds. From March to September, they nest and breed in colonies ranging from Canada to Mexico. In winter, they migrate to Chile, Argentina and Brazil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year during the last three decades, Bomberger Brown and her colleague, Charles Brown of the University of Tulsa, have been conducting a detailed study of cliff swallow life along the roadways and waterways of western Nebraska near Lake McConaughy. Their findings show how natural conditions and human expansion have affected the birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that the swallows’ wings and body changed significantly,” said Bomberger Brown. “The question was – why?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Browns never set out to conduct an evolution study. In 1982, they began studying bird behavior on a premise related to the old English proverb ‘\u003cem>birds of a feather flock together.’ \u003c/em>When the study began, the big question in behavioral ecology was, why do animals live in groups? Why are they social?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bomberger Brown explains, “Cliff swallows are one of the most social birds in North America. They all live together in large colonies.” The colonies are a natural survival strategy. Swallows are aerial insectivores, meaning they eat insects that they catch in flight. They bugs they catch fly in swarms, including mosquitoes, flies, midges, and leafhoppers. “If you live in a big community like swallows do, they share information – following groups of birds to the location of food, so they can feed more efficiently,” said Bomberger Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63742\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 260px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63742 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/IMG_0356-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_0356\" width=\"260\" height=\"195\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff swallows build nests from globs of mud they deposit by the beak full. Photo credit: Mary Bomberger Brown\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By nature, cliff swallows build their jug-shaped nests on the sides of cliffs or bluffs, as protection from birds of prey and snakes. They’re always close to water because the swallows build their nests from globs of mud they collect by the beak full. \u003cins cite=\"mailto:Lisa%20Landers\" datetime=\"2013-11-12T14:59\">\u003c/ins>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Browns began studying the swallows, most of their nests lined the bluffs along the shoreline of Lake McConaughy. In a 90 by 30 mile area, the Browns check around 80 active colonies each year. Each nest holds\u003cins cite=\"mailto:Lisa%20Landers\" datetime=\"2013-11-12T14:57\"> \u003c/ins>a pair of adults and 3-4 chicks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average colony contains at least2,200 birds. But one colony is enormous – 6,000 nests – or about 34,000 swallows\u003cspan style=\"color: #008000\">. \u003c/span>During the long-term study, Bomberger Brown has examined 317,000 cliff swallows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But soon after their study began, Bomberger Brown began finding that many of the cliff nests were abandoned. So, where did the birds move? Driving from one site to the next, she noticed a radical shift in the birds’ nesting preference. The swallows were forming new nesting colonies in the most unlikely places; beneath highway overpasses and bridges. The Browns wondered why this was happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64200\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 315px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-64200 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Cliff-Swallow-Nests-on-Bridge_IMG_0365-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"Cliff Swallow Nests on Bridge_IMG_0365\" width=\"315\" height=\"177\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff swallow nests under a highway bridge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By chance, their study coincided with a sweeping change in roadway design. A nationwide boom in highway and interstate construction was replacing old wooden trestle bridges with new concrete bridges and overpasses. Bomberger Brown soon realized that the swallows abandoned nesting on cliffs of loose, crumbly sandstone in favor of firm concrete structures that offered overhangs sheltering the birds from the elements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We built them a better cliff, says Bomberger Brown, “and the birds flocked to them.” As the highways, expanded east and west, the birds followed suit. “You can now see them across the country,” she adds. “They’ve just followed people in their roadways, so humans have actually expanded their range – from ocean to ocean.” To track the birds, the Browns placed metal leg bands on the swallows to identify them. And to learn how the birds compare, they capture the birds to measure their bodies, beaks, wings, feet, and tails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as roadways spread, so did agriculture and insects. “It’s a mutualistic relationship,” explains Bomberger Brown. “We’ve given them more food. We’ve given them places to nest. The birds provide pest control. They live with us and they’ve become part of our landscape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their new homes came with a risk. The highways were full of cars, trucks and RVs. “It’s an environment that can threaten their survival,” says Bomberger Brown. Soon, traveling up and down the highway, they found birds killed by cars. Examining each swallow, they measured the bodies and wings of each bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, they found about 20-40 road kill swallows. Ironically, with each year’s survey, the number of dead birds on the road was decreasing – at the same time that traffic and the size of cars were increasing. It was a curious finding, but the Browns were not sure why this was happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, nature intervened with a catastrophe. On the last weekend of May 1996, four days of cold, rain and snow stretched east and west from Colorado to Iowa and north and south from North Dakota to Oklahoma. According to the National Weather Service, this was a freak May storm that had only occurred once before – in 1968.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ordinarily, rain and cold wouldn’t seem like much of a threat,” Bomberger Brown explains. “Swallows can go for four days without eating – but they will starve and start dying on the fifth day.” Cliff swallows usually feed when insects fly, but that doesn’t happen in cold, wet weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cold, wet and starving, about 70% of the cliff swallow population died on the fifth day. The Browns collected 1,856 dead swallows in the Nebraska study area. She estimates that throughout the region, hundreds of thousands of birds died. But not all the cliff swallows were wiped out. Some survived. It was a puzzle the Browns were determined to solve.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The survivors’ shorter wings made them more acrobatic, like a fighter plane.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Measuring each dead bird and comparing them to the birds that remained, the Browns made a surprising discovery. The birds that died had shorter bodies and longer asymmetrical wings. But the birds that lived had larger bodies and shorter wings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The survivors’ shorter wings made them more acrobatic, like a fighter plane. They were able to twist and turn, dodging oncoming traffic, especially larger vehicles like SUVs and Mac trucks. The road kill birds had been less agile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63763\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 303px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63763 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Cliff-Swallow_Comparison_2-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Cliff Swallow_Comparison_2\" width=\"303\" height=\"202\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comparison of cliff swallow wingspans. Swallows with longer wings (top) are more prone to be hit by cars than those with shorter wings (bottom). Photo credit: Gary Hochman\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To understand how the swallows had changed, the Browns reviewed all the data they had collected on living swallows, those birds killed by cars, and those killed by the extreme weather. A clear pattern emerged. Both the birds killed by cars and those killed by the storm had long, asymmetrical wings. The survivors all had wings that averaged one half inch shorter. That’s a significant difference on a wingspan of four and a half inches. And it made all the difference between life and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Browns concluded that over the course of just a few decades, the wingspan of cliff swallows became shorter as an adaptation to avoiding oncoming traffic. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The wingspan of cliff swallows became shorter as an adaptation to avoiding oncoming traffic.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Almost overnight, the natural calamity of the extreme weather revealed an evolutionary adaptation in cliff swallows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bomberger Brown chalks it up to an oddity in natural selection – not because the swallows changed – but how fast they evolved to adapt to a major transformation of their habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, you expect population genetics to take millions of years. And while cliff swallows didn’t turn into different species, they have evolved through natural selection in a surprisingly short time – just 30 years. “In evolutionary terms, 30 years is an instant in time,” says Bomberger Brown. Yet her study shows that human development of roads and bridges across America have triggered natural selection to significantly modify the body structure and wing length of cliff swallows. \u003cins cite=\"mailto:Lisa%20Landers\" datetime=\"2013-11-12T15:31\">\u003c/ins>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, swallows thrive alongside people who literally zip by the birds. In a strange twist of fate, the survival of cliff swallows has been aided by the network of concrete highway overpasses and bridges that span North America.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Find out how people and roadway designs have favored the survival and evolution of cliff swallows across America. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443823848,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1584},"headData":{"title":"How People Drove an Evolution in Cliff Swallows | KQED","description":"Find out how people and roadway designs have favored the survival and evolution of cliff swallows across America. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"50959 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=50959","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/12/05/how-people-drove-an-evolution-in-cliff-swallows/","disqusTitle":"How People Drove an Evolution in Cliff Swallows","path":"/quest/50959/how-people-drove-an-evolution-in-cliff-swallows","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63736\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63736 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/MaryBB_IMG_8975-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"MaryBB_IMG_8975\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Nebraska ornithologist Mary Bomberger Brown measures the wingspan of a cliff swallow. Photo credit: Gary Hochman\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">When the worlds of nature and people converge, nature is often endangered. But in a strange twist, the manmade world of highways has favored the survival of \u003ca href=\"http://birds.audubon.org/birds/cliff-swallow\">cliff swallows\u003c/a>, according to University of Nebraska ornithologist Mary Bomberger Brown. “Natural selection and human development have created a better bird,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63746\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 191px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63746 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/DSC_0033a-235x253.jpg\" alt=\"DSC_0033a\" width=\"191\" height=\"205\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff swallows are migratory birds that live in large colonies. Photo credit: Mary Bomberger Brown\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bomberger Brown's bold conclusion is based on her \u003ca href=\"http://download.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/PIIS0960982213001942.pdf\">30-year study of cliff swallows\u003c/a> – one of the longest running evolution studies in the world. Cliff swallows are North American migratory birds. From March to September, they nest and breed in colonies ranging from Canada to Mexico. In winter, they migrate to Chile, Argentina and Brazil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year during the last three decades, Bomberger Brown and her colleague, Charles Brown of the University of Tulsa, have been conducting a detailed study of cliff swallow life along the roadways and waterways of western Nebraska near Lake McConaughy. Their findings show how natural conditions and human expansion have affected the birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that the swallows’ wings and body changed significantly,” said Bomberger Brown. “The question was – why?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Browns never set out to conduct an evolution study. In 1982, they began studying bird behavior on a premise related to the old English proverb ‘\u003cem>birds of a feather flock together.’ \u003c/em>When the study began, the big question in behavioral ecology was, why do animals live in groups? Why are they social?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bomberger Brown explains, “Cliff swallows are one of the most social birds in North America. They all live together in large colonies.” The colonies are a natural survival strategy. Swallows are aerial insectivores, meaning they eat insects that they catch in flight. They bugs they catch fly in swarms, including mosquitoes, flies, midges, and leafhoppers. “If you live in a big community like swallows do, they share information – following groups of birds to the location of food, so they can feed more efficiently,” said Bomberger Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63742\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 260px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63742 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/IMG_0356-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_0356\" width=\"260\" height=\"195\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff swallows build nests from globs of mud they deposit by the beak full. Photo credit: Mary Bomberger Brown\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By nature, cliff swallows build their jug-shaped nests on the sides of cliffs or bluffs, as protection from birds of prey and snakes. They’re always close to water because the swallows build their nests from globs of mud they collect by the beak full. \u003cins cite=\"mailto:Lisa%20Landers\" datetime=\"2013-11-12T14:59\">\u003c/ins>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Browns began studying the swallows, most of their nests lined the bluffs along the shoreline of Lake McConaughy. In a 90 by 30 mile area, the Browns check around 80 active colonies each year. Each nest holds\u003cins cite=\"mailto:Lisa%20Landers\" datetime=\"2013-11-12T14:57\"> \u003c/ins>a pair of adults and 3-4 chicks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average colony contains at least2,200 birds. But one colony is enormous – 6,000 nests – or about 34,000 swallows\u003cspan style=\"color: #008000\">. \u003c/span>During the long-term study, Bomberger Brown has examined 317,000 cliff swallows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But soon after their study began, Bomberger Brown began finding that many of the cliff nests were abandoned. So, where did the birds move? Driving from one site to the next, she noticed a radical shift in the birds’ nesting preference. The swallows were forming new nesting colonies in the most unlikely places; beneath highway overpasses and bridges. The Browns wondered why this was happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64200\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 315px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-64200 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Cliff-Swallow-Nests-on-Bridge_IMG_0365-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"Cliff Swallow Nests on Bridge_IMG_0365\" width=\"315\" height=\"177\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff swallow nests under a highway bridge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By chance, their study coincided with a sweeping change in roadway design. A nationwide boom in highway and interstate construction was replacing old wooden trestle bridges with new concrete bridges and overpasses. Bomberger Brown soon realized that the swallows abandoned nesting on cliffs of loose, crumbly sandstone in favor of firm concrete structures that offered overhangs sheltering the birds from the elements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We built them a better cliff, says Bomberger Brown, “and the birds flocked to them.” As the highways, expanded east and west, the birds followed suit. “You can now see them across the country,” she adds. “They’ve just followed people in their roadways, so humans have actually expanded their range – from ocean to ocean.” To track the birds, the Browns placed metal leg bands on the swallows to identify them. And to learn how the birds compare, they capture the birds to measure their bodies, beaks, wings, feet, and tails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as roadways spread, so did agriculture and insects. “It’s a mutualistic relationship,” explains Bomberger Brown. “We’ve given them more food. We’ve given them places to nest. The birds provide pest control. They live with us and they’ve become part of our landscape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their new homes came with a risk. The highways were full of cars, trucks and RVs. “It’s an environment that can threaten their survival,” says Bomberger Brown. Soon, traveling up and down the highway, they found birds killed by cars. Examining each swallow, they measured the bodies and wings of each bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, they found about 20-40 road kill swallows. Ironically, with each year’s survey, the number of dead birds on the road was decreasing – at the same time that traffic and the size of cars were increasing. It was a curious finding, but the Browns were not sure why this was happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, nature intervened with a catastrophe. On the last weekend of May 1996, four days of cold, rain and snow stretched east and west from Colorado to Iowa and north and south from North Dakota to Oklahoma. According to the National Weather Service, this was a freak May storm that had only occurred once before – in 1968.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ordinarily, rain and cold wouldn’t seem like much of a threat,” Bomberger Brown explains. “Swallows can go for four days without eating – but they will starve and start dying on the fifth day.” Cliff swallows usually feed when insects fly, but that doesn’t happen in cold, wet weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cold, wet and starving, about 70% of the cliff swallow population died on the fifth day. The Browns collected 1,856 dead swallows in the Nebraska study area. She estimates that throughout the region, hundreds of thousands of birds died. But not all the cliff swallows were wiped out. Some survived. It was a puzzle the Browns were determined to solve.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The survivors’ shorter wings made them more acrobatic, like a fighter plane.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Measuring each dead bird and comparing them to the birds that remained, the Browns made a surprising discovery. The birds that died had shorter bodies and longer asymmetrical wings. But the birds that lived had larger bodies and shorter wings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The survivors’ shorter wings made them more acrobatic, like a fighter plane. They were able to twist and turn, dodging oncoming traffic, especially larger vehicles like SUVs and Mac trucks. The road kill birds had been less agile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63763\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 303px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-63763 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Cliff-Swallow_Comparison_2-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Cliff Swallow_Comparison_2\" width=\"303\" height=\"202\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comparison of cliff swallow wingspans. Swallows with longer wings (top) are more prone to be hit by cars than those with shorter wings (bottom). Photo credit: Gary Hochman\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To understand how the swallows had changed, the Browns reviewed all the data they had collected on living swallows, those birds killed by cars, and those killed by the extreme weather. A clear pattern emerged. Both the birds killed by cars and those killed by the storm had long, asymmetrical wings. The survivors all had wings that averaged one half inch shorter. That’s a significant difference on a wingspan of four and a half inches. And it made all the difference between life and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Browns concluded that over the course of just a few decades, the wingspan of cliff swallows became shorter as an adaptation to avoiding oncoming traffic. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The wingspan of cliff swallows became shorter as an adaptation to avoiding oncoming traffic.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Almost overnight, the natural calamity of the extreme weather revealed an evolutionary adaptation in cliff swallows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bomberger Brown chalks it up to an oddity in natural selection – not because the swallows changed – but how fast they evolved to adapt to a major transformation of their habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, you expect population genetics to take millions of years. And while cliff swallows didn’t turn into different species, they have evolved through natural selection in a surprisingly short time – just 30 years. “In evolutionary terms, 30 years is an instant in time,” says Bomberger Brown. Yet her study shows that human development of roads and bridges across America have triggered natural selection to significantly modify the body structure and wing length of cliff swallows. \u003cins cite=\"mailto:Lisa%20Landers\" datetime=\"2013-11-12T15:31\">\u003c/ins>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, swallows thrive alongside people who literally zip by the birds. In a strange twist of fate, the survival of cliff swallows has been aided by the network of concrete highway overpasses and bridges that span North America.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/50959/how-people-drove-an-evolution-in-cliff-swallows","authors":["10297"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_326","quest_340","quest_12458","quest_1032","quest_12269","quest_12461","quest_3679","quest_12463","quest_12462","quest_12354","quest_12373","quest_3792","quest_12459","quest_3331","quest_12460"],"featImg":"quest_64159","label":"quest"},"quest_44107":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_44107","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"44107","score":null,"sort":[1348066826000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation","title":"Culture Clash: Of Cats, Birds and Conservation","publishDate":1348066826,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44120\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/kumatongue/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44120\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-44120\" title=\"kuma\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/kumatongue.jpg\" alt=\"domestic house cat\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Domestic bliss: Born under a bush in Guerneville, this once feral cat now enjoys the comforts of home. Patience, dedication, and gentle handling can transform a frightened, suspicious feral cat into a trusting, loving companion. (Photo: Barry Bergman)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We humans have an uneasy relationship with nature. Lest you doubt it, consider that the 1964 Wilderness Act defines wilderness as “an area where the earth and community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The notion that people live apart from nature might explain our sometimes skewed views of wildlife—Americans keep as many as \u003ca href=\"http://bigcatrescue.org/2012/big-cats-and-public-safety-protection-hr-4122\">20,000 tigers, cheetahs, and other big cats\u003c/a> as pets—and our seemingly unique capacity for \u003ca href=\"http://e360.yale.edu/feature/too_many_people_too_much_consumption/2041/\">destroying natural resources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By recent estimates, we’re using resources 50 percent faster than they can recover. Despite mounting evidence linking human well-being to healthy ecosystems, we seem constitutionally \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000330\">incapable of changing our behavior\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation biologists try to inspire people to act in environmentally-friendly ways, but often inspire emotional confrontations instead. That’s why some biologists are looking to social psychologists for advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Conservation Psychology\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIt’s no surprise that conflicts arise when two groups view the facts of a situation through a different lens. But the hope is that understanding the social roots of conservation conflicts—how people’s values and beliefs shape their behavior—will suggest strategies for resolving them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0044616\">study published earlier this month\u003c/a> researchers led by Nils Peterson at North Carolina State University applied this approach to a particularly contentious issue: feral cats and their impacts on birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feral cats are simply house cats that, without the care and love of an owner, behave like a wild animal. And it’s hard to imagine a group more emotionally invested in an issue than the women who take care of feral cats. (I should know. I once looked after a mini-colony in the backyard of my Sunset District rental.) As several studies show, cat colony caretakers tend to be women, many of whom also have tame cats at home, see their feral charges as pets, and often cite sympathy, ethical concerns, and \u003ca href=\"http://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/abs/10.2460/javma.2002.220.1627?journalCode=javma\">love of animals as their main motivators\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44296\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/rsgranne_-_cats_cats_cats_arrow_rock_missouri_20050703_03_by-sa/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44296\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-44296\" title=\"Rsgranne_-_Cats_cats_cats!_(Arrow_Rock,_Missouri,_20050703)_03_(by-sa)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Rsgranne_-_Cats_cats_cats_Arrow_Rock_Missouri_20050703_03_by-sa-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"feral cat colony\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This feral cat colony lives in an Arrow Rock, Missouri, backyard and neighboring grounds. (Photo: Scott Granneman, St. Louis, MO)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>No one knows how many feral cats live in the U.S., though the American Veterinary Medical Association suspects the number rivals that of cats living as pets, estimated at 86 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By most accounts, feral cats face a miserable life. \u003ca href=\"https://www.avma.org/News/Journals/Collections/Documents/javma_225_9_1399.pdf\">One study looking at reproductive rates\u003c/a> in feral cats found that 75% of kittens died or disappeared within six months. Most were either run over by cars or killed by stray dogs. Feral cats have twice the rate of FIV of house cats and significantly higher rates of bacterial and parasitic infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s understandable why kind-hearted people take care of cats left to fend for themselves. Unfortunately, these natural-born killers are doing what comes naturally. And wildlife populations, including species common and rare, are paying for our good intentions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Study after study documents the toll feral cats take on wildlife. Most experts think the \u003ca href=\"https://www.avma.org/News/Journals/Collections/Documents/javma_225_9_1377.pdf\">cats kill hundreds of millions\u003c/a> of native birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and fish in the U.S. each year. Wildlife rehabilitation specialists at Walnut Creek’s Lindsey Museum handled more than 1,000 birds with cat-related injuries in 2003 alone. Of course, no one knows how many birds died in backyards or wound up in cats’ bellies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some advocates say feeding cats controls their predatory instincts, but the evidence suggests otherwise. \u003ca href=\"http://www.tws-west.org/transactions/Hawkins%20Grant%20Longnecker.pdf\">A 1999 study of two East Bay parks\u003c/a> found that in sites with regularly fed cat colonies, “native birds were markedly less abundant and less likely to nest, and ground-foraging species such as California quail and thrasher were entirely absent.” Feral cats also endanger native raptors by depleting their prey base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Polarized Views\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAgainst this background, Peterson and his team polled 338 cat colony caretakers and 239 bird conservation professionals (from the Audubon Society, American Bird Conservancy, and similar groups) about their views of feral felines, the cats’ impacts on wildlife, and strategies to control their populations. Many feral cat advocates promote the use of trap-neuter-and-return programs to control colonies, though studies fail to support their effectiveness. That’s probably partly because people abandon their animals faster than caretakers can sterilize them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, the two groups held opposite views on nearly every question. “Bird people” viewed feral cats as “pests” and considered “euthanasia” an appropriate management strategy. Just 20% of “cat people” thought feral cats endanger native birds and just 6% thought feral cats carry disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44109\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/africanwildcat/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44109\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-44109\" title=\"AfricanWildCat\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/AfricanWildCat-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"African wildcat\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Genetic studies trace the origins of the house cat to at least five wildcat species (\u003cem>Felis silvestris\u003c/em>), originating in the Near East. The African Wild Cat (\u003cem>Felis silvestris lybica\u003c/em>), above, is the house cat's most recent ancestor in the history of domestication. (Photo: Sonelle, Johannesburg Zoo, South Africa)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the record, feral cats can transmit rabies and numerous other diseases to wildlife, either indirectly—for example, when feces-borne parasites enter the watershed and infect otters and other marine life—or directly, by spreading FIV to mountain lions and critically endangered Florida panthers who prey on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A surprising 59% of caretakers thought feral cats play a natural role as predators. That was true \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/106/suppl.1/9971.full\">for their progenitors, Near East wildcats\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Felis silvestris lybica\u003c/em>), which started hanging around farmers and their rodent-infested grain silos in the Fertile Crescent some 10,000 years ago. (Experts think, given the cat's notorious independent nature, domestication happened as cats adopted people rather than vice versa.) But domestication released these felines from the constraints of natural selection and paved the way for a new species, \u003cem>Felis catus\u003c/em>, thousands of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Path to Compromise\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWith little common ground between bird people and cat lovers, whose positions are so tied to personal views of the problem, public education campaigns probably won’t work, the researchers say. Feral cat advocates care passionately about the welfare of individual cats while bird conservation workers (and wildlife biologists) care about the long-term prospects of wildlife populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44135\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/injuredphoebe/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44135\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-44135\" title=\"injuredphoebe\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/injuredphoebe-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"kitty cam and injured bird\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The \"kitty cam\" outfitted on a house cat as part of a research project shows an injured phoebe. Sixty pet cats in Athens-Clarke County, Georgia, wore cameras for 7 to 10 days on their outdoor adventures. The research is a joint project of the University of Georgia and National Geographic. (Photo: University of Georgia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What might help is engaging cat caretakers in research on feral cat behavior—it’s hard to deny what you see with our own eyes—as well as in programs to protect wildlife. Plus, as other studies show, the best solutions will likely be site specific. Where birds and other wildlife populations are in decline, a more aggressive control strategy might be called for. But in healthier ecosystems or areas that harbor smaller colonies, trap-neuter-and-return might be a reasonable solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some think an even better solution might be housing cats in enclosed sanctuaries, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.belleglensanctuary.com/\">Belleglen Sanctuary in Chico\u003c/a>, which protects wildlife while keeping feral cats safe from disease and injury. But such shelters \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?inReplyTo=54039&root=54039\">quickly fill to capacity.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the survey found highly polarized opinions, it also showed that both groups share a love of animals—many “bird people” owned cats and many “cat people” said they love birds too. What’s more, caretakers were optimistic that they could work with biologists to find better ways to manage feral cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With \u003ca href=\"http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sowb/state\">one in eight bird species threatened with extinction\u003c/a>, this is an opportunity for collaboration we can’t afford to squander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s one thing no one disputes. The kind souls who take care of feral cats didn’t create the problem. People who abandon the animals that depend on them did. It’s illegal to abandon your pet in most states, including California, but enforcement is notoriously difficult. Clearly, we need new strategies to stop this cruel and inhumane behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the cats I’ve ever adopted were once stray or feral. It takes time, effort, and patience to socialize a feral cat, but there’s nothing like watching mistrust turn to affection. I love to watch the vestigial gestures of wild felids in my house cats, but I know they didn’t evolve as natural predators on the American landscape. They depend on us for food, shelter, and safety. Animal shelters take in 6 million to 8 million cats and dogs each year and euthanize about half of them. We have an ethical duty to take better care of our animals—domesticated and wild—and learn to tell the difference.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Feral cats threaten native wildlife, from reptiles to birds, and often lead a miserable life. By better understanding the concerns of cat colony caretakers, wildlife biologists hope to find enough common ground to benefit both cats and wildlife.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366739915,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1508},"headData":{"title":"Culture Clash: Of Cats, Birds and Conservation | KQED","description":"Feral cats threaten native wildlife, from reptiles to birds, and often lead a miserable life. By better understanding the concerns of cat colony caretakers, wildlife biologists hope to find enough common ground to benefit both cats and wildlife.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"44107 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=44107","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/","disqusTitle":"Culture Clash: Of Cats, Birds and Conservation","path":"/quest/44107/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44120\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/kumatongue/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44120\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-44120\" title=\"kuma\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/kumatongue.jpg\" alt=\"domestic house cat\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Domestic bliss: Born under a bush in Guerneville, this once feral cat now enjoys the comforts of home. Patience, dedication, and gentle handling can transform a frightened, suspicious feral cat into a trusting, loving companion. (Photo: Barry Bergman)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We humans have an uneasy relationship with nature. Lest you doubt it, consider that the 1964 Wilderness Act defines wilderness as “an area where the earth and community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The notion that people live apart from nature might explain our sometimes skewed views of wildlife—Americans keep as many as \u003ca href=\"http://bigcatrescue.org/2012/big-cats-and-public-safety-protection-hr-4122\">20,000 tigers, cheetahs, and other big cats\u003c/a> as pets—and our seemingly unique capacity for \u003ca href=\"http://e360.yale.edu/feature/too_many_people_too_much_consumption/2041/\">destroying natural resources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By recent estimates, we’re using resources 50 percent faster than they can recover. Despite mounting evidence linking human well-being to healthy ecosystems, we seem constitutionally \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000330\">incapable of changing our behavior\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation biologists try to inspire people to act in environmentally-friendly ways, but often inspire emotional confrontations instead. That’s why some biologists are looking to social psychologists for advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Conservation Psychology\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIt’s no surprise that conflicts arise when two groups view the facts of a situation through a different lens. But the hope is that understanding the social roots of conservation conflicts—how people’s values and beliefs shape their behavior—will suggest strategies for resolving them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0044616\">study published earlier this month\u003c/a> researchers led by Nils Peterson at North Carolina State University applied this approach to a particularly contentious issue: feral cats and their impacts on birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feral cats are simply house cats that, without the care and love of an owner, behave like a wild animal. And it’s hard to imagine a group more emotionally invested in an issue than the women who take care of feral cats. (I should know. I once looked after a mini-colony in the backyard of my Sunset District rental.) As several studies show, cat colony caretakers tend to be women, many of whom also have tame cats at home, see their feral charges as pets, and often cite sympathy, ethical concerns, and \u003ca href=\"http://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/abs/10.2460/javma.2002.220.1627?journalCode=javma\">love of animals as their main motivators\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44296\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/rsgranne_-_cats_cats_cats_arrow_rock_missouri_20050703_03_by-sa/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44296\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-44296\" title=\"Rsgranne_-_Cats_cats_cats!_(Arrow_Rock,_Missouri,_20050703)_03_(by-sa)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Rsgranne_-_Cats_cats_cats_Arrow_Rock_Missouri_20050703_03_by-sa-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"feral cat colony\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This feral cat colony lives in an Arrow Rock, Missouri, backyard and neighboring grounds. (Photo: Scott Granneman, St. Louis, MO)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>No one knows how many feral cats live in the U.S., though the American Veterinary Medical Association suspects the number rivals that of cats living as pets, estimated at 86 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By most accounts, feral cats face a miserable life. \u003ca href=\"https://www.avma.org/News/Journals/Collections/Documents/javma_225_9_1399.pdf\">One study looking at reproductive rates\u003c/a> in feral cats found that 75% of kittens died or disappeared within six months. Most were either run over by cars or killed by stray dogs. Feral cats have twice the rate of FIV of house cats and significantly higher rates of bacterial and parasitic infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s understandable why kind-hearted people take care of cats left to fend for themselves. Unfortunately, these natural-born killers are doing what comes naturally. And wildlife populations, including species common and rare, are paying for our good intentions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Study after study documents the toll feral cats take on wildlife. Most experts think the \u003ca href=\"https://www.avma.org/News/Journals/Collections/Documents/javma_225_9_1377.pdf\">cats kill hundreds of millions\u003c/a> of native birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and fish in the U.S. each year. Wildlife rehabilitation specialists at Walnut Creek’s Lindsey Museum handled more than 1,000 birds with cat-related injuries in 2003 alone. Of course, no one knows how many birds died in backyards or wound up in cats’ bellies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some advocates say feeding cats controls their predatory instincts, but the evidence suggests otherwise. \u003ca href=\"http://www.tws-west.org/transactions/Hawkins%20Grant%20Longnecker.pdf\">A 1999 study of two East Bay parks\u003c/a> found that in sites with regularly fed cat colonies, “native birds were markedly less abundant and less likely to nest, and ground-foraging species such as California quail and thrasher were entirely absent.” Feral cats also endanger native raptors by depleting their prey base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Polarized Views\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAgainst this background, Peterson and his team polled 338 cat colony caretakers and 239 bird conservation professionals (from the Audubon Society, American Bird Conservancy, and similar groups) about their views of feral felines, the cats’ impacts on wildlife, and strategies to control their populations. Many feral cat advocates promote the use of trap-neuter-and-return programs to control colonies, though studies fail to support their effectiveness. That’s probably partly because people abandon their animals faster than caretakers can sterilize them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, the two groups held opposite views on nearly every question. “Bird people” viewed feral cats as “pests” and considered “euthanasia” an appropriate management strategy. Just 20% of “cat people” thought feral cats endanger native birds and just 6% thought feral cats carry disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44109\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/africanwildcat/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44109\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-44109\" title=\"AfricanWildCat\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/AfricanWildCat-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"African wildcat\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Genetic studies trace the origins of the house cat to at least five wildcat species (\u003cem>Felis silvestris\u003c/em>), originating in the Near East. The African Wild Cat (\u003cem>Felis silvestris lybica\u003c/em>), above, is the house cat's most recent ancestor in the history of domestication. (Photo: Sonelle, Johannesburg Zoo, South Africa)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the record, feral cats can transmit rabies and numerous other diseases to wildlife, either indirectly—for example, when feces-borne parasites enter the watershed and infect otters and other marine life—or directly, by spreading FIV to mountain lions and critically endangered Florida panthers who prey on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A surprising 59% of caretakers thought feral cats play a natural role as predators. That was true \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/106/suppl.1/9971.full\">for their progenitors, Near East wildcats\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Felis silvestris lybica\u003c/em>), which started hanging around farmers and their rodent-infested grain silos in the Fertile Crescent some 10,000 years ago. (Experts think, given the cat's notorious independent nature, domestication happened as cats adopted people rather than vice versa.) But domestication released these felines from the constraints of natural selection and paved the way for a new species, \u003cem>Felis catus\u003c/em>, thousands of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Path to Compromise\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWith little common ground between bird people and cat lovers, whose positions are so tied to personal views of the problem, public education campaigns probably won’t work, the researchers say. Feral cat advocates care passionately about the welfare of individual cats while bird conservation workers (and wildlife biologists) care about the long-term prospects of wildlife populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44135\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/19/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation/injuredphoebe/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44135\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-44135\" title=\"injuredphoebe\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/injuredphoebe-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"kitty cam and injured bird\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The \"kitty cam\" outfitted on a house cat as part of a research project shows an injured phoebe. Sixty pet cats in Athens-Clarke County, Georgia, wore cameras for 7 to 10 days on their outdoor adventures. The research is a joint project of the University of Georgia and National Geographic. (Photo: University of Georgia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What might help is engaging cat caretakers in research on feral cat behavior—it’s hard to deny what you see with our own eyes—as well as in programs to protect wildlife. Plus, as other studies show, the best solutions will likely be site specific. Where birds and other wildlife populations are in decline, a more aggressive control strategy might be called for. But in healthier ecosystems or areas that harbor smaller colonies, trap-neuter-and-return might be a reasonable solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some think an even better solution might be housing cats in enclosed sanctuaries, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.belleglensanctuary.com/\">Belleglen Sanctuary in Chico\u003c/a>, which protects wildlife while keeping feral cats safe from disease and injury. But such shelters \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?inReplyTo=54039&root=54039\">quickly fill to capacity.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the survey found highly polarized opinions, it also showed that both groups share a love of animals—many “bird people” owned cats and many “cat people” said they love birds too. What’s more, caretakers were optimistic that they could work with biologists to find better ways to manage feral cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With \u003ca href=\"http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sowb/state\">one in eight bird species threatened with extinction\u003c/a>, this is an opportunity for collaboration we can’t afford to squander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s one thing no one disputes. The kind souls who take care of feral cats didn’t create the problem. People who abandon the animals that depend on them did. It’s illegal to abandon your pet in most states, including California, but enforcement is notoriously difficult. Clearly, we need new strategies to stop this cruel and inhumane behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the cats I’ve ever adopted were once stray or feral. It takes time, effort, and patience to socialize a feral cat, but there’s nothing like watching mistrust turn to affection. I love to watch the vestigial gestures of wild felids in my house cats, but I know they didn’t evolve as natural predators on the American landscape. They depend on us for food, shelter, and safety. Animal shelters take in 6 million to 8 million cats and dogs each year and euthanize about half of them. We have an ethical duty to take better care of our animals—domesticated and wild—and learn to tell the difference.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/44107/culture-clash-of-cats-birds-and-conservation","authors":["6322"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_340","quest_10936","quest_3529","quest_11452","quest_11277","quest_11453","quest_11454","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_44120","label":"quest"},"quest_41659":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_41659","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"41659","score":null,"sort":[1344006029000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-pleasures-of-backyard-bird-watching","title":"The Pleasures of Backyard Bird-Watching","publishDate":1344006029,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/794px-Hooded_Oriole_with_grape_jelly-e1343945998394.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/794px-Hooded_Oriole_with_grape_jelly-e1343945998394.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Hooded Oriole male\" width=\"640\" height=\"359\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41661\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/794px-Hooded_Oriole_with_grape_jelly-e1343945998394.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/794px-Hooded_Oriole_with_grape_jelly-e1343945998394-400x224.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bird-watching forays into our beautiful East Bay Regional Parks are great, and I enjoy volunteering to watch the endangered \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/22/observing-life-and-death-in-the-ca-least-tern-colony/\">California Least Terns\u003c/a> in Alameda. I also love \u003ca href=\"http://bayislandnature.blogspot.com/2012/07/the-usual-suspects-backyard-birds-in.html\">my backyard\u003c/a>. It's filled with a changing kaleidoscope of wild neighbors I’ve gotten to know over the years, including some everyday urban birds and some breathtaking sightings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've tried several methods of enhancing my local birding. Alameda already has lots of mature trees scattered over the island that provide great roosting and nesting areas. Seed-filled bird feeders brought in plenty of birds one winter until we developed a rat infestation. We've had better luck improving the habitat for birds by replacing our lawns with more diverse native and drought-tolerant plants. We now have more nectar plants, insects and habitat variety to support them. Nearby palm trees provide nesting space for both \u003ca title=\"Barn Owl ID\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Barn_Owl/id\" target=\"_blank\">Barn Owls\u003c/a> and spectacular \u003ca title=\"Cornell Labs website, Hooded Orioles\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Hooded_Oriole/id\" target=\"_blank\">Hooded Orioles\u003c/a>. The orioles migrate from Mexico and Central America to summer as far north as the Bay Area. They visit passionflower vines on our fence and steal nectar, inserting their beak at the base of the flower without pollinating it. Their distinctive calls ring through our neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/03/the-pleasures-of-backyard-bird-watching/451px-pipilo_crissalis_1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41662\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-41662\" title=\"California Towhee\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/451px-Pipilo_crissalis_1-190x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"190\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our backyard ecosystem, we can watch a complete food web in action. From the seed eaters, like \u003ca title=\"Lesser Goldfinch ID\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lesser_Goldfinch/id\" target=\"_blank\">Lesser Goldfinch\u003c/a> gleaning Cosmos flower seeds, to \u003ca title=\"California Towhee ID\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Towhee/id\" target=\"_blank\">California Towhees\u003c/a> hopping in the leaf litter to find juicy insects. There are even spectacular \u003ca title=\"Cooper's Hawk ID\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/coopers_hawk/id\" target=\"_blank\">Cooper’s Hawk\u003c/a> chases sometimes ending in birdy meals for the raptors. I recorded one of these encounters in my \u003ca title=\"Bay Island Nature blog\" href=\"http://bayislandnature.blogspot.com/2011/08/hawks-of-august.html\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Island Nature\u003c/a> blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These observations are valuable to scientists. They rely on scores of us “Citizen Scientists” to collect data about our common and unusual local birds. You can be part of this collaborative! Projects range from committing 15 minutes of your time to devoting hours contributing to the body of knowledge about our avian friends. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This \u003ca title=\"Citizen Science projects website\" href=\"http://www.birds.cornell.edu/citsci/projects\" target=\"_blank\">line-up of projects\u003c/a> provides many choices for the beginner to expert birder. You can view some of the data compiled into amazing \u003ca title=\"Bird Species Occurrance Maps, Cornell website\" href=\"http://ebird.org/content/ebird/about/occurrence-maps/occurrence-maps\" target=\"_blank\">bird species occurrence animated maps\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/03/the-pleasures-of-backyard-bird-watching/683px-coopers_hawk_2-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41681\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-41681\" title=\"Cooper's Hawk in flight\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/683px-Coopers_Hawk_21-287x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"287\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on the species you’d like to see and watch as the map lights up as the year progresses and the birds migrate between their winter and breeding grounds. You can even help Cornell’s \u003ca title=\"eBird website from Cornell University\" href=\"http://ebird.org/content/ebird/\" target=\"_blank\">eBird\u003c/a> data collection website reach its 100 millionth entry, with a chance to win commemorative prizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about your local birds either through websites mentioned above or classes and programs offered by state, national, the \u003ca title=\"East Bay Regional Parks website\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/activities\" target=\"_blank\">East Bay Regional Parks\u003c/a> and the \u003ca title=\"Golden Gate Audubon Society website\" href=\"http://www.goldengateaudubon.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Golden Gate Audubon Society \u003c/a>as well as others. I hope you’ll join me in enjoying the world of feathers and flight!\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Get to know your feathered neighbors and find out how you can contribute to avian science and research.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1346781905,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":468},"headData":{"title":"The Pleasures of Backyard Bird-Watching | KQED","description":"Get to know your feathered neighbors and find out how you can contribute to avian science and research.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"41659 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=41659","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/03/the-pleasures-of-backyard-bird-watching/","disqusTitle":"The Pleasures of Backyard Bird-Watching","path":"/quest/41659/the-pleasures-of-backyard-bird-watching","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/794px-Hooded_Oriole_with_grape_jelly-e1343945998394.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/794px-Hooded_Oriole_with_grape_jelly-e1343945998394.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Hooded Oriole male\" width=\"640\" height=\"359\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41661\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/794px-Hooded_Oriole_with_grape_jelly-e1343945998394.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/794px-Hooded_Oriole_with_grape_jelly-e1343945998394-400x224.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bird-watching forays into our beautiful East Bay Regional Parks are great, and I enjoy volunteering to watch the endangered \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/22/observing-life-and-death-in-the-ca-least-tern-colony/\">California Least Terns\u003c/a> in Alameda. I also love \u003ca href=\"http://bayislandnature.blogspot.com/2012/07/the-usual-suspects-backyard-birds-in.html\">my backyard\u003c/a>. It's filled with a changing kaleidoscope of wild neighbors I’ve gotten to know over the years, including some everyday urban birds and some breathtaking sightings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've tried several methods of enhancing my local birding. Alameda already has lots of mature trees scattered over the island that provide great roosting and nesting areas. Seed-filled bird feeders brought in plenty of birds one winter until we developed a rat infestation. We've had better luck improving the habitat for birds by replacing our lawns with more diverse native and drought-tolerant plants. We now have more nectar plants, insects and habitat variety to support them. Nearby palm trees provide nesting space for both \u003ca title=\"Barn Owl ID\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Barn_Owl/id\" target=\"_blank\">Barn Owls\u003c/a> and spectacular \u003ca title=\"Cornell Labs website, Hooded Orioles\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Hooded_Oriole/id\" target=\"_blank\">Hooded Orioles\u003c/a>. The orioles migrate from Mexico and Central America to summer as far north as the Bay Area. They visit passionflower vines on our fence and steal nectar, inserting their beak at the base of the flower without pollinating it. Their distinctive calls ring through our neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/03/the-pleasures-of-backyard-bird-watching/451px-pipilo_crissalis_1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41662\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-41662\" title=\"California Towhee\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/451px-Pipilo_crissalis_1-190x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"190\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our backyard ecosystem, we can watch a complete food web in action. From the seed eaters, like \u003ca title=\"Lesser Goldfinch ID\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lesser_Goldfinch/id\" target=\"_blank\">Lesser Goldfinch\u003c/a> gleaning Cosmos flower seeds, to \u003ca title=\"California Towhee ID\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Towhee/id\" target=\"_blank\">California Towhees\u003c/a> hopping in the leaf litter to find juicy insects. There are even spectacular \u003ca title=\"Cooper's Hawk ID\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/coopers_hawk/id\" target=\"_blank\">Cooper’s Hawk\u003c/a> chases sometimes ending in birdy meals for the raptors. I recorded one of these encounters in my \u003ca title=\"Bay Island Nature blog\" href=\"http://bayislandnature.blogspot.com/2011/08/hawks-of-august.html\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Island Nature\u003c/a> blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These observations are valuable to scientists. They rely on scores of us “Citizen Scientists” to collect data about our common and unusual local birds. You can be part of this collaborative! Projects range from committing 15 minutes of your time to devoting hours contributing to the body of knowledge about our avian friends. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This \u003ca title=\"Citizen Science projects website\" href=\"http://www.birds.cornell.edu/citsci/projects\" target=\"_blank\">line-up of projects\u003c/a> provides many choices for the beginner to expert birder. You can view some of the data compiled into amazing \u003ca title=\"Bird Species Occurrance Maps, Cornell website\" href=\"http://ebird.org/content/ebird/about/occurrence-maps/occurrence-maps\" target=\"_blank\">bird species occurrence animated maps\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/03/the-pleasures-of-backyard-bird-watching/683px-coopers_hawk_2-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41681\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-41681\" title=\"Cooper's Hawk in flight\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/683px-Coopers_Hawk_21-287x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"287\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on the species you’d like to see and watch as the map lights up as the year progresses and the birds migrate between their winter and breeding grounds. You can even help Cornell’s \u003ca title=\"eBird website from Cornell University\" href=\"http://ebird.org/content/ebird/\" target=\"_blank\">eBird\u003c/a> data collection website reach its 100 millionth entry, with a chance to win commemorative prizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about your local birds either through websites mentioned above or classes and programs offered by state, national, the \u003ca title=\"East Bay Regional Parks website\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/activities\" target=\"_blank\">East Bay Regional Parks\u003c/a> and the \u003ca title=\"Golden Gate Audubon Society website\" href=\"http://www.goldengateaudubon.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Golden Gate Audubon Society \u003c/a>as well as others. I hope you’ll join me in enjoying the world of feathers and flight!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/41659/the-pleasures-of-backyard-bird-watching","authors":["6328"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_10514","quest_340","quest_609","quest_912","quest_1236","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_41661","label":"quest"},"quest_30590":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_30590","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"30590","score":null,"sort":[1329325244000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-birders-eye-view-of-conservation","title":"A Birder’s-Eye View of Conservation","publishDate":1329325244,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30594\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/flycatcher.jpg\" alt=\"Dusky-capped flycatcher\" title=\"flycatcher\" width=\"253\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-30594\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dusky-capped flycatcher (credit: mdf)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most people know the Philadelphia suburbs for cheesesteaks and unruly sports fans. But it’s no wonder that \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/john-james-audubon/drawn-from-nature/106/\">John James Audubon\u003c/a> started his lifelong affair with birds just 25 miles northwest of Center City, and a 20-minute drive from my natal stomping grounds. The dense, rolling woodlands of Pennsylvania’s Montgomery County where I grew up offered prime habitat for cardinals, chickadees, blue jays, wrens, and countless other species my mom loved to point out to us kids. I didn’t realize it at the time, but my mom’s avian affinities taught me not just to pay attention to the biology in my backyard but, ultimately, to consider which species lived there and why. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This weekend, novice Bay Area wildlife watchers get the chance to play field biologist in their own backyards and join forces with expert birders and scientists to gather data on the incidence, abundance, and distribution of birds. Between February 17 and 20, the 15th annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.birdsource.org/gbbc/\">Great Backyard Bird Count\u003c/a> invites people of all ages and experience to spend as little as 15 minutes (or as long as you like) counting birds wherever you are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The event is a joint project of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.birds.cornell.edu/Page.aspx?pid=1478&ac=ac\">Cornell Lab of Ornithology\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.audubon.org/\">Audubon\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bsc-eoc.org/\">Bird Studies Canada\u003c/a>, leading bird conservation organizations that provide a wealth of resources for participants, including tips for \u003ca href=\"http://www.birdsource.org/gbbc/howto.html\">getting started\u003c/a>,\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://gbbc.birdsource.org/gbbcApps/checklist\">regional checklists\u003c/a>, and tools for resolving tricky \u003ca href=\"http://www.birdsource.org/gbbc/learning\">identifications\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Great Backyard Bird Count is an excellent introductory citizen science project for any level of birder,” says Brian Sullivan, an expert on North American birds and project leader of Cornell’s online resource for birders around the world, eBird. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can just count the birds you see in your backyard or go to your local park and count what you see there. The idea is to get a weekend snapshot of late-winter bird distribution across the United States and to make things really simple so just about anyone can participate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan, who has 1,669 species on his life list, says lucky birders could see “mega-rarities” like an Iceland gull, “a very rare bird in California” spotted near Sausalito in early February, or maybe the dusky-capped flycatcher that's been living in Golden Gate Park all winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest estuary on the West Coast, the San Francisco Bay Delta provides habitat and refuge to more than 250 species of waterbirds, some (including pelicans, loons, herons, and egrets) year-round residents, others, like the Wilson’s phalarope and Sabine’s gull, on stopovers to feed and rest before resuming their long-distance migrations. As many as 800,000 birds inhabit Bay Area waterways at any given time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out which birds you’re likely to see in your area, go to Cornell’s \u003ca href=\"http://ebird.org/content/ebird/\">eBird\u003c/a>, click on “View and Explore Data,” then click on “Bar Charts,” select “United States,” “California,” and then “Counties in California.” Choose your county, click “continue,” and you’ll see the occurrence of birds throughout the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, participants entered more than 92,000 checklists with 1.4 million birds from 596 species. Their data helped researchers identify changes in abundance (including an increase in evening grosbeaks, which declined 50% between 1988 and 2006) and distribution (winter finches moving south), and spot anomalies (an Asian brown shrike in McKinley, California). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bird counts give weekend nature lovers an easy way to help scientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.birdsource.org/gbbc/\">gather data\u003c/a> on a widely distributed group of animals that serve as valuable indicators of biodiversity. Because birds occupy many different “trophic” levels in food webs, eating everything from insects to fish to mammals (and, for top predators like owls, hawks, and eagles, other birds), they play critical roles in maintaining healthy ecosystems. Among their many “ecosystem services,” all of which benefit humans, birds help regulate prey populations, facilitate plant reproduction through pollination and seed dispersal, and recycle nutrients by scavenging carcasses. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This widespread influence on their environment also makes them extremely sensitive to ecosystem disruptions, including habitat destruction and climate change. An alarming 13% of the world’s birds, 1,253 species, face extinction, according to the 2011 IUCN Red List. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=2767\">Great Indian bustard\u003c/a>, a native of India and Pakistan that barks when alarmed, has been reclassified as critically endangered, a victim of hunting and widespread habitat destruction. Scientists think fewer than 250 mature birds remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closer to home, black-crowned night herons and snowy egrets have been on a downward slide since 2005. And the endangered California clapper rail, once abundant in the tidal marshes of San Francisco Bay, offers a case study in the unintended consequences of development. Extensive filling and diking of the bay has destroyed some 85% of the clapper rail’s salt marsh habitat, making a shy species that seems to prefer scampering over swimming and flying easy pickings for feral cats and invasive red foxes, which now have unfettered access to adults and their ground-nesting offspring. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30595\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 365px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/15/a-birder%e2%80%99s-eye-view-of-conservation/clapperrail2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-30595\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/clapperrail2-365x253.jpg\" alt=\"clapper rail\" title=\"clapperrail2\" width=\"365\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-30595\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California clapper rail (Don Roberson)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roughly 60% of the critically endangered clapper rail population, estimated at between 1,000 and 1,500, lives in San Francisco Bay’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/desfbay/\">Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a>, in Fremont. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers will use the information collected from the bird count to learn how birds like the clapper rail are coping with these new predation pressures, as well as other stresses from ongoing urbanization, global climate change, and disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decline of suitable habitat for these species affects us as well. Tidal marshes filter contaminants to enhance water quality and serve as natural flood barriers. If the marshes can no longer support species like the clapper rail, chances are they can’t provide these ecosystem services for us either. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds are among the most diverse and ubiquitous vertebrates on the planet and often offer humans a first brush with wildlife. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a little girl, I marveled that my mom always knew when Jenny Wren and her husband, Joe (as she liked to call the resident house wrens), would appear in our backyard, build their nest, and settle into the business of raising, feeding, and protecting their broods. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She couldn’t have known that scientists would one day blame the precipitous declines in Bewick’s wrens in the eastern United States on the expansion of her beloved house wrens, known for ejecting eggs, and even young, from coveted nest sites. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30596\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 437px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/15/a-birder%e2%80%99s-eye-view-of-conservation/blue-jay/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-30596\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Blue-jay-437x253.jpg\" alt=\"Blue jay\" title=\"Blue jay\" width=\"437\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-30596\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blue jay (Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As I listened to Mom’s fanciful tales of avian domestic dramas, my young imagination conjured all manner of worrisome scenarios. Would Joe find enough food for the babies? Could Jenny protect them from a torrential summer downpour? How would either of them cope with a curious cat? Some may shudder at such anthropomorphizing, but I wonder: If more people viewed birds the way my mom did, struggling to survive like the rest of us, would they worry about their welfare, too?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henry David Thoreau first said “In wildness is the preservation of the world” in a lecture some months after Audubon’s death. I like to think, had they discussed the question, Audubon would have objected: “My dear sir, I believe you meant to say, ‘In \u003ci>birds\u003c/i> is the preservation of the world.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Great Backyard Bird Count gives novice Bay Area wildlife watchers the chance to play field biologist in their own backyards and help scientists gather data on the incidence, abundance, and distribution of birds. Researchers will use sightings to identify trends that will help conserve these valuable indicators of biodiversity.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443825442,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1246},"headData":{"title":"A Birder’s-Eye View of Conservation | KQED","description":"The Great Backyard Bird Count gives novice Bay Area wildlife watchers the chance to play field biologist in their own backyards and help scientists gather data on the incidence, abundance, and distribution of birds. Researchers will use sightings to identify trends that will help conserve these valuable indicators of biodiversity.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"30590 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=30590","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/15/a-birders-eye-view-of-conservation/","disqusTitle":"A Birder’s-Eye View of Conservation","WpOldSlug":"a-birder%e2%80%99s-eye-view-of-conservation","path":"/quest/30590/a-birders-eye-view-of-conservation","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30594\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/flycatcher.jpg\" alt=\"Dusky-capped flycatcher\" title=\"flycatcher\" width=\"253\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-30594\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dusky-capped flycatcher (credit: mdf)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most people know the Philadelphia suburbs for cheesesteaks and unruly sports fans. But it’s no wonder that \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/john-james-audubon/drawn-from-nature/106/\">John James Audubon\u003c/a> started his lifelong affair with birds just 25 miles northwest of Center City, and a 20-minute drive from my natal stomping grounds. The dense, rolling woodlands of Pennsylvania’s Montgomery County where I grew up offered prime habitat for cardinals, chickadees, blue jays, wrens, and countless other species my mom loved to point out to us kids. I didn’t realize it at the time, but my mom’s avian affinities taught me not just to pay attention to the biology in my backyard but, ultimately, to consider which species lived there and why. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This weekend, novice Bay Area wildlife watchers get the chance to play field biologist in their own backyards and join forces with expert birders and scientists to gather data on the incidence, abundance, and distribution of birds. Between February 17 and 20, the 15th annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.birdsource.org/gbbc/\">Great Backyard Bird Count\u003c/a> invites people of all ages and experience to spend as little as 15 minutes (or as long as you like) counting birds wherever you are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The event is a joint project of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.birds.cornell.edu/Page.aspx?pid=1478&ac=ac\">Cornell Lab of Ornithology\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.audubon.org/\">Audubon\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bsc-eoc.org/\">Bird Studies Canada\u003c/a>, leading bird conservation organizations that provide a wealth of resources for participants, including tips for \u003ca href=\"http://www.birdsource.org/gbbc/howto.html\">getting started\u003c/a>,\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://gbbc.birdsource.org/gbbcApps/checklist\">regional checklists\u003c/a>, and tools for resolving tricky \u003ca href=\"http://www.birdsource.org/gbbc/learning\">identifications\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Great Backyard Bird Count is an excellent introductory citizen science project for any level of birder,” says Brian Sullivan, an expert on North American birds and project leader of Cornell’s online resource for birders around the world, eBird. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can just count the birds you see in your backyard or go to your local park and count what you see there. The idea is to get a weekend snapshot of late-winter bird distribution across the United States and to make things really simple so just about anyone can participate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan, who has 1,669 species on his life list, says lucky birders could see “mega-rarities” like an Iceland gull, “a very rare bird in California” spotted near Sausalito in early February, or maybe the dusky-capped flycatcher that's been living in Golden Gate Park all winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest estuary on the West Coast, the San Francisco Bay Delta provides habitat and refuge to more than 250 species of waterbirds, some (including pelicans, loons, herons, and egrets) year-round residents, others, like the Wilson’s phalarope and Sabine’s gull, on stopovers to feed and rest before resuming their long-distance migrations. As many as 800,000 birds inhabit Bay Area waterways at any given time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out which birds you’re likely to see in your area, go to Cornell’s \u003ca href=\"http://ebird.org/content/ebird/\">eBird\u003c/a>, click on “View and Explore Data,” then click on “Bar Charts,” select “United States,” “California,” and then “Counties in California.” Choose your county, click “continue,” and you’ll see the occurrence of birds throughout the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, participants entered more than 92,000 checklists with 1.4 million birds from 596 species. Their data helped researchers identify changes in abundance (including an increase in evening grosbeaks, which declined 50% between 1988 and 2006) and distribution (winter finches moving south), and spot anomalies (an Asian brown shrike in McKinley, California). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bird counts give weekend nature lovers an easy way to help scientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.birdsource.org/gbbc/\">gather data\u003c/a> on a widely distributed group of animals that serve as valuable indicators of biodiversity. Because birds occupy many different “trophic” levels in food webs, eating everything from insects to fish to mammals (and, for top predators like owls, hawks, and eagles, other birds), they play critical roles in maintaining healthy ecosystems. Among their many “ecosystem services,” all of which benefit humans, birds help regulate prey populations, facilitate plant reproduction through pollination and seed dispersal, and recycle nutrients by scavenging carcasses. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This widespread influence on their environment also makes them extremely sensitive to ecosystem disruptions, including habitat destruction and climate change. An alarming 13% of the world’s birds, 1,253 species, face extinction, according to the 2011 IUCN Red List. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=2767\">Great Indian bustard\u003c/a>, a native of India and Pakistan that barks when alarmed, has been reclassified as critically endangered, a victim of hunting and widespread habitat destruction. Scientists think fewer than 250 mature birds remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closer to home, black-crowned night herons and snowy egrets have been on a downward slide since 2005. And the endangered California clapper rail, once abundant in the tidal marshes of San Francisco Bay, offers a case study in the unintended consequences of development. Extensive filling and diking of the bay has destroyed some 85% of the clapper rail’s salt marsh habitat, making a shy species that seems to prefer scampering over swimming and flying easy pickings for feral cats and invasive red foxes, which now have unfettered access to adults and their ground-nesting offspring. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30595\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 365px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/15/a-birder%e2%80%99s-eye-view-of-conservation/clapperrail2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-30595\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/clapperrail2-365x253.jpg\" alt=\"clapper rail\" title=\"clapperrail2\" width=\"365\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-30595\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California clapper rail (Don Roberson)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roughly 60% of the critically endangered clapper rail population, estimated at between 1,000 and 1,500, lives in San Francisco Bay’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/desfbay/\">Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a>, in Fremont. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers will use the information collected from the bird count to learn how birds like the clapper rail are coping with these new predation pressures, as well as other stresses from ongoing urbanization, global climate change, and disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decline of suitable habitat for these species affects us as well. Tidal marshes filter contaminants to enhance water quality and serve as natural flood barriers. If the marshes can no longer support species like the clapper rail, chances are they can’t provide these ecosystem services for us either. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds are among the most diverse and ubiquitous vertebrates on the planet and often offer humans a first brush with wildlife. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a little girl, I marveled that my mom always knew when Jenny Wren and her husband, Joe (as she liked to call the resident house wrens), would appear in our backyard, build their nest, and settle into the business of raising, feeding, and protecting their broods. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She couldn’t have known that scientists would one day blame the precipitous declines in Bewick’s wrens in the eastern United States on the expansion of her beloved house wrens, known for ejecting eggs, and even young, from coveted nest sites. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30596\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 437px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/15/a-birder%e2%80%99s-eye-view-of-conservation/blue-jay/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-30596\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/Blue-jay-437x253.jpg\" alt=\"Blue jay\" title=\"Blue jay\" width=\"437\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-30596\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blue jay (Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As I listened to Mom’s fanciful tales of avian domestic dramas, my young imagination conjured all manner of worrisome scenarios. Would Joe find enough food for the babies? Could Jenny protect them from a torrential summer downpour? How would either of them cope with a curious cat? Some may shudder at such anthropomorphizing, but I wonder: If more people viewed birds the way my mom did, struggling to survive like the rest of us, would they worry about their welfare, too?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henry David Thoreau first said “In wildness is the preservation of the world” in a lecture some months after Audubon’s death. I like to think, had they discussed the question, Audubon would have objected: “My dear sir, I believe you meant to say, ‘In \u003ci>birds\u003c/i> is the preservation of the world.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/30590/a-birders-eye-view-of-conservation","authors":["6322"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_340","quest_439","quest_609","quest_684","quest_921","quest_980","quest_13198","quest_13199","quest_3351","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_10700","quest_10699","quest_3155"],"featImg":"quest_30746","label":"quest"},"quest_21396":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_21396","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"21396","score":null,"sort":[1311966042000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"rough-waters-for-sea-level-rise-planning","title":"Rough Waters for Sea Level Rise Planning","publishDate":1311966042,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3359,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/08/2011-08-01-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21399\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Saltworks-640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Saltworks-640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Saltworks-640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-21399\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salt ponds in Redwood City where the new Saltworks development is proposed. Photo: Lauren Sommer.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What do Bay Area airports and some big Silicon Valley companies have in common? They sit right on the edge of San Francisco Bay, where sea level rise is expected to have a big impact by the end of the century. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may seem far in the future, but state agencies are preparing for climate change now by writing new rules for construction along the bay's shoreline. As you can imagine, developers and environmentalists aren't exactly seeing eye to eye. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's evident on a patch of land at the edge of the bay in Redwood City. For more than a century, it's been home to one thing: salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As you look out, you can see it looks sort of like a frozen pond,\" says David Smith, a Senior Vice President with DMB Associates. He's standing next to flat, industrial ponds filled with crystallizing salt. \"On a typical season, you would hope to establish a layer of 8 to 12 inches.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cargill.com/salt/\">Cargill Salt\u003c/a> owns these ponds as part of their salt-harvesting operations. Smith is with a developer that's working with Cargill on a different vision for these more than 1400 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Welcome to the Redwood City Saltworks site,\" he says. \u003ca href=\"http://www.rcsaltworks.com/\">Saltworks\u003c/a> is DMB's proposal for 8,000 to 12,000 new housing units. \"Half of the site would be dedicated to open spaces uses including tidal marsh restoration and then the other half would be this integrated, transit-oriented development.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says it's housing that's sorely needed in the Bay Area. \"You have had the explosion of economic success of Silicon Valley. We should be ashamed of our inability or unwillingness to provide housing to support those workers and that economic activity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Lewis, Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.savesfbay.org/\">Save the Bay\u003c/a>, is on the other side of the issue. \"This site is not a site for housing,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Salt ponds in Redwood City are actually one of the last unprotected areas that could be restored to tidal marsh for San Francisco Bay.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems like a pretty typical story: a developer wants prime land to build on and environmental groups want to see wildlife habitat restored. But there's a twist, as David Smith points to on one particular map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bay Waters Rising\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're looking at is a blue inundation zone and it depicts the projections for sea level rise for the region around Redwood City,\" Smith says, pointing to map showing the low-lying parts of the bay's shoreline at risk from sea level rise – which includes the land we're standing on. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says their plan calls for a three mile levee to protect the development from the bay. Projections from state scientists show sea level could rise by nearly six feet by the end of the century. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'd like to ignore it. But if we ignore it, we're ignoring it at our own economic peril,\" says Will Travis, Executive Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/\">Bay Conservation and Development Commission\u003c/a>. BCDC is the state agency with jurisdiction over the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're building things now that will be around for a hundred years. And we should, we believe, think about how those cities, how those communities will remain viable and sustainable,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BCDC is \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/proposed_bay_plan/bp_amend_1-08.shtml\">writing new regulations\u003c/a> for development along the shore, which they'll use in future permitting decisions. They've been guided by a state plan from the Schwarzenegger administration called the California Climate Adaptation Strategy. It discourages building in low-lying areas and encourages wetland restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wetlands are wonderful for dealing with climate change. Wetlands soak up flood water. So the wider the wetland in the front, the lower the levee can be in the back,\" says Travis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Battle Over Shoreline Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when BCDC released the first draft of its new development policy two years ago, the agency faced a wave of protest, especially from folks who see bay front property as prime real estate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It tried to do too much too fast,\" says Jim Wunderman, president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacouncil.org/\">Bay Area Council\u003c/a>, a group representing business interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We should be absolutely concerned about sea level rise, but we shouldn't allow the concern about it to say let's just stop doing everything,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of bay-front cities had the same complaint. Public meetings got ugly. \"People said things that they probably weren't proud of when the meeting was over and I know we've had epithets hurled at us,\" says Wunderman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So BCDC backed off a little, saying that new development would be considered on a case by case basis. David Lewis of Save the Bay says those changes concern him, because the policy is leading the way for others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most small cities don't have the resources to change the way they plan and permit developments with a big change like sea level rise. I think BCDC's at the forefront and it should be brave about doing the right thing,\" says Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will Travis of BCDC says the changes were necessary, so the plan works for the dozens of cities it involves. \"We want to achieve environmental protection. We have to, but not at the expense of regional prosperity. So we're trying to achieve that balance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge, Travis says, is making a global issue like climate change part of regional planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A society likes dealing with climate change at the abstract. It's when you actually get down to doing something about it that people have concerns.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, BCDC expects to finalize the sea level rise policy that will govern development along San Francisco Bay for years to come.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Additional Links\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/proposed_bay_plan/bp_amend_1-08.shtml\">More about BCDC's Sea Level Rise Plan\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/planning/climate_change/index_map.shtml\">San Francisco Bay Sea Level Rise Map\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"What do Bay Area airports and some big Silicon Valley companies have in common? They sit right on the edge of San Francisco Bay, where sea level rise is expected to have a big impact by the end of the century. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1313430366,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":998},"headData":{"title":"Rough Waters for Sea Level Rise Planning | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"21396 http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/rough-waters-for-sea-level-rise-planning/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/29/rough-waters-for-sea-level-rise-planning/","disqusTitle":"Rough Waters for Sea Level Rise Planning","path":"/quest/21396/rough-waters-for-sea-level-rise-planning","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/08/2011-08-01-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/08/2011-08-01-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21399\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Saltworks-640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Saltworks-640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Saltworks-640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-21399\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salt ponds in Redwood City where the new Saltworks development is proposed. Photo: Lauren Sommer.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What do Bay Area airports and some big Silicon Valley companies have in common? They sit right on the edge of San Francisco Bay, where sea level rise is expected to have a big impact by the end of the century. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may seem far in the future, but state agencies are preparing for climate change now by writing new rules for construction along the bay's shoreline. As you can imagine, developers and environmentalists aren't exactly seeing eye to eye. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's evident on a patch of land at the edge of the bay in Redwood City. For more than a century, it's been home to one thing: salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As you look out, you can see it looks sort of like a frozen pond,\" says David Smith, a Senior Vice President with DMB Associates. He's standing next to flat, industrial ponds filled with crystallizing salt. \"On a typical season, you would hope to establish a layer of 8 to 12 inches.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cargill.com/salt/\">Cargill Salt\u003c/a> owns these ponds as part of their salt-harvesting operations. Smith is with a developer that's working with Cargill on a different vision for these more than 1400 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Welcome to the Redwood City Saltworks site,\" he says. \u003ca href=\"http://www.rcsaltworks.com/\">Saltworks\u003c/a> is DMB's proposal for 8,000 to 12,000 new housing units. \"Half of the site would be dedicated to open spaces uses including tidal marsh restoration and then the other half would be this integrated, transit-oriented development.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says it's housing that's sorely needed in the Bay Area. \"You have had the explosion of economic success of Silicon Valley. We should be ashamed of our inability or unwillingness to provide housing to support those workers and that economic activity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Lewis, Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.savesfbay.org/\">Save the Bay\u003c/a>, is on the other side of the issue. \"This site is not a site for housing,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Salt ponds in Redwood City are actually one of the last unprotected areas that could be restored to tidal marsh for San Francisco Bay.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems like a pretty typical story: a developer wants prime land to build on and environmental groups want to see wildlife habitat restored. But there's a twist, as David Smith points to on one particular map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bay Waters Rising\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're looking at is a blue inundation zone and it depicts the projections for sea level rise for the region around Redwood City,\" Smith says, pointing to map showing the low-lying parts of the bay's shoreline at risk from sea level rise – which includes the land we're standing on. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says their plan calls for a three mile levee to protect the development from the bay. Projections from state scientists show sea level could rise by nearly six feet by the end of the century. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'd like to ignore it. But if we ignore it, we're ignoring it at our own economic peril,\" says Will Travis, Executive Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/\">Bay Conservation and Development Commission\u003c/a>. BCDC is the state agency with jurisdiction over the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're building things now that will be around for a hundred years. And we should, we believe, think about how those cities, how those communities will remain viable and sustainable,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BCDC is \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/proposed_bay_plan/bp_amend_1-08.shtml\">writing new regulations\u003c/a> for development along the shore, which they'll use in future permitting decisions. They've been guided by a state plan from the Schwarzenegger administration called the California Climate Adaptation Strategy. It discourages building in low-lying areas and encourages wetland restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wetlands are wonderful for dealing with climate change. Wetlands soak up flood water. So the wider the wetland in the front, the lower the levee can be in the back,\" says Travis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Battle Over Shoreline Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when BCDC released the first draft of its new development policy two years ago, the agency faced a wave of protest, especially from folks who see bay front property as prime real estate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It tried to do too much too fast,\" says Jim Wunderman, president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacouncil.org/\">Bay Area Council\u003c/a>, a group representing business interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We should be absolutely concerned about sea level rise, but we shouldn't allow the concern about it to say let's just stop doing everything,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of bay-front cities had the same complaint. Public meetings got ugly. \"People said things that they probably weren't proud of when the meeting was over and I know we've had epithets hurled at us,\" says Wunderman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So BCDC backed off a little, saying that new development would be considered on a case by case basis. David Lewis of Save the Bay says those changes concern him, because the policy is leading the way for others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most small cities don't have the resources to change the way they plan and permit developments with a big change like sea level rise. I think BCDC's at the forefront and it should be brave about doing the right thing,\" says Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will Travis of BCDC says the changes were necessary, so the plan works for the dozens of cities it involves. \"We want to achieve environmental protection. We have to, but not at the expense of regional prosperity. So we're trying to achieve that balance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge, Travis says, is making a global issue like climate change part of regional planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A society likes dealing with climate change at the abstract. It's when you actually get down to doing something about it that people have concerns.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, BCDC expects to finalize the sea level rise policy that will govern development along San Francisco Bay for years to come.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Additional Links\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/proposed_bay_plan/bp_amend_1-08.shtml\">More about BCDC's Sea Level Rise Plan\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/planning/climate_change/index_map.shtml\">San Francisco Bay Sea Level Rise Map\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/21396/rough-waters-for-sea-level-rise-planning","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_284","quest_340","quest_9791","quest_9821","quest_9818","quest_13203","quest_13202","quest_2423","quest_2483","quest_9820","quest_9819"],"collections":["quest_3359"],"featImg":"quest_21399","label":"quest_3359"},"quest_20488":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_20488","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"20488","score":null,"sort":[1310769653000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-do-gulls-know-when-giants-games-are-ending","title":"How Do Gulls Know When Giants Games are Ending?","publishDate":1310769653,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20492\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/15/how-do-gulls-know-when-giants-games-are-ending/gullattpark/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20492\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/GullATTPark-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"GullATTPark\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-20492\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gulls making fast work of AT&T Park leftovers. Credit: Flickr, Malingering.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/gulls-threaten-south-bay-salt-pond-restoration-work/\">QUEST radio story on Monday\u003c/a>, I cover the Bay Area's California gull population becoming a major concern for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project. Thousands of acres of industrial salt ponds are being restored for shorebirds and other wildlife. And that restoration work is creating a big opportunity for some very aggressive gulls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While reporting the story, I stumbled upon a mystery that's well-known to San Francisco Giants fans: Some gulls have an uncanny way of showing up at AT&T Park during the eighth or ninth inning of a ballgame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Day game or night game, the gulls bizarrely seem to know when the game is close to ending, pouncing on leftover hot dogs and garlic fries. As Giants broadcaster Mike Krukow said, \"if you were a gull, where would you be?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of popular theories about how the gulls time their arrival so well. Do they recognize the illustrious beard of Giants closer Brian Wilson? Do they know “Take Me Out to the Ballgame,” a tune that's always sung during the seventh inning stretch?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spoke to a few local experts to get their take...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dan Murphy, Volunteer with Golden Gate Audubon:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It's a crime of opportunity. They're very well attuned to our behavior and our trash. When there are large numbers of people in the stands, gulls don't come into the ballpark. But they can sense when things are starting to wind down. A lot of people leave the game before it's over, so they might be clued in by people moving out of the upper deck toward the eighth inning. That makes sense since they seem to settle on the left field side first.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>If a game goes into extra innings, the gulls still seem to know when the ninth inning is. You'll see them sitting on the roof or on the big glove in the outfield, waiting for the game to end. That may still be due to the fans that leave early, but they seem to have a sense of how long games normally go. It's likely that a few birds are always watching and as soon as a few birds go in, others will follow. They're really good at what they do. They find food sources and use them to the max.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>David Shuford, Biologist with PRBO Conservation Science:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Gulls spend their day cruising around a lot. But once they figure something out, they tend to come back. So even though the ninth inning doesn't happen at the same time each day, once a few gulls pick up on it, you'll soon have a crowd. It's possible that they can recognize the sounds, too, like songs that are played during the game. Gulls are pretty good about sound. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, they're really good at figuring things out. Like when local dumps are closed on the weekends, the gulls seem to know that and don't show up on those days. It's hard to know if they truly know what Saturday is. They may just be cruising by and not see any action, so they don't land. But they seem to recognize the pattern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gulls have an advantage - they're total generalists. They're smart and they're tough. They can eat just about anything too. They go after fish, garbage, and other birds. Some of our work on the Farallon Islands has shown that gulls can actually recognize certain individual people as well.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Josh Ackerman, Research Wildlife Biologist with USGS:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They do exactly that same thing at the landfills in the Bay Area. We've done studies on gulls where we've tagged them with transmitters and tracked them daily for two years. California gulls depend on a few of the landfills in the South Bay for food. They arrive exactly when the dumps open and leave right when they close, since the trash piles are covered up when the landfill isn't operating. From our studies, we know that the gulls cover a lot of territory during the day, so it's not a big deal for them to travel to find food. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>George Costa, Senior Vice President of Ballpark Operations at AT&T Park:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've seen an uptick. There seem to be more gulls lately. They always time their arrival to an inning or two innings before the game ends. They're creatures of habit. They know where the food is and that crowds mean food. They're never here except for game days, but if there's a game, they crash the party every night. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a series of triggers that tells them it's time. They see the lights and the crowds. There are food smells, like the garlic fries. It's a combination of all those things. You'll see the gulls line up on the left field roof before the game ends. We see the scouts come in and they cue the rest of the gulls. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a nuisance really and the fans don't enjoy it. So we're looking at a variety of possibilities to deal with it, including having a falcon on site. They've used them at other ballparks and they seem to work there. You won't get rid of the gulls completely, but we think it would get rid of about 80 percent. We have to retrain these gulls.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Gulls mysteriously show up at AT&T Park during the ninth inning of every San Francisco Giants game. How do they time their arrival so well? Local experts weigh in.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1310776805,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":932},"headData":{"title":"How Do Gulls Know When Giants Games are Ending? | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"20488 http://science.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/15/how-do-gulls-know-when-giants-games-are-ending/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/15/how-do-gulls-know-when-giants-games-are-ending/","disqusTitle":"How Do Gulls Know When Giants Games are Ending?","path":"/quest/20488/how-do-gulls-know-when-giants-games-are-ending","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20492\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/15/how-do-gulls-know-when-giants-games-are-ending/gullattpark/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20492\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/GullATTPark-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"GullATTPark\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-20492\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gulls making fast work of AT&T Park leftovers. Credit: Flickr, Malingering.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/gulls-threaten-south-bay-salt-pond-restoration-work/\">QUEST radio story on Monday\u003c/a>, I cover the Bay Area's California gull population becoming a major concern for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project. Thousands of acres of industrial salt ponds are being restored for shorebirds and other wildlife. And that restoration work is creating a big opportunity for some very aggressive gulls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While reporting the story, I stumbled upon a mystery that's well-known to San Francisco Giants fans: Some gulls have an uncanny way of showing up at AT&T Park during the eighth or ninth inning of a ballgame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Day game or night game, the gulls bizarrely seem to know when the game is close to ending, pouncing on leftover hot dogs and garlic fries. As Giants broadcaster Mike Krukow said, \"if you were a gull, where would you be?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of popular theories about how the gulls time their arrival so well. Do they recognize the illustrious beard of Giants closer Brian Wilson? Do they know “Take Me Out to the Ballgame,” a tune that's always sung during the seventh inning stretch?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spoke to a few local experts to get their take...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dan Murphy, Volunteer with Golden Gate Audubon:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It's a crime of opportunity. They're very well attuned to our behavior and our trash. When there are large numbers of people in the stands, gulls don't come into the ballpark. But they can sense when things are starting to wind down. A lot of people leave the game before it's over, so they might be clued in by people moving out of the upper deck toward the eighth inning. That makes sense since they seem to settle on the left field side first.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>If a game goes into extra innings, the gulls still seem to know when the ninth inning is. You'll see them sitting on the roof or on the big glove in the outfield, waiting for the game to end. That may still be due to the fans that leave early, but they seem to have a sense of how long games normally go. It's likely that a few birds are always watching and as soon as a few birds go in, others will follow. They're really good at what they do. They find food sources and use them to the max.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>David Shuford, Biologist with PRBO Conservation Science:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Gulls spend their day cruising around a lot. But once they figure something out, they tend to come back. So even though the ninth inning doesn't happen at the same time each day, once a few gulls pick up on it, you'll soon have a crowd. It's possible that they can recognize the sounds, too, like songs that are played during the game. Gulls are pretty good about sound. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, they're really good at figuring things out. Like when local dumps are closed on the weekends, the gulls seem to know that and don't show up on those days. It's hard to know if they truly know what Saturday is. They may just be cruising by and not see any action, so they don't land. But they seem to recognize the pattern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gulls have an advantage - they're total generalists. They're smart and they're tough. They can eat just about anything too. They go after fish, garbage, and other birds. Some of our work on the Farallon Islands has shown that gulls can actually recognize certain individual people as well.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Josh Ackerman, Research Wildlife Biologist with USGS:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They do exactly that same thing at the landfills in the Bay Area. We've done studies on gulls where we've tagged them with transmitters and tracked them daily for two years. California gulls depend on a few of the landfills in the South Bay for food. They arrive exactly when the dumps open and leave right when they close, since the trash piles are covered up when the landfill isn't operating. From our studies, we know that the gulls cover a lot of territory during the day, so it's not a big deal for them to travel to find food. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>George Costa, Senior Vice President of Ballpark Operations at AT&T Park:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've seen an uptick. There seem to be more gulls lately. They always time their arrival to an inning or two innings before the game ends. They're creatures of habit. They know where the food is and that crowds mean food. They're never here except for game days, but if there's a game, they crash the party every night. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a series of triggers that tells them it's time. They see the lights and the crowds. There are food smells, like the garlic fries. It's a combination of all those things. You'll see the gulls line up on the left field roof before the game ends. We see the scouts come in and they cue the rest of the gulls. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a nuisance really and the fans don't enjoy it. So we're looking at a variety of possibilities to deal with it, including having a falcon on site. They've used them at other ballparks and they seem to work there. You won't get rid of the gulls completely, but we think it would get rid of about 80 percent. We have to retrain these gulls.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/20488/how-do-gulls-know-when-giants-games-are-ending","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_279","quest_340","quest_9832","quest_9818","quest_13202","quest_2487","quest_9833"],"featImg":"quest_20492","label":"quest"},"quest_20389":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_20389","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"20389","score":null,"sort":[1310763611000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"gulls-threaten-south-bay-salt-pond-restoration-work","title":"Gulls Threaten South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Work","publishDate":1310763611,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3359,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-07-18-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20423\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-20423\" title=\"Gull-photo\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Gull-photo-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California gull tagged by USGS scientists. Credit: Josh Ackerman/USGS\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the most ambitious wetland restoration projects in the country is underway in San Francisco Bay. For more than a century, the South Bay shoreline has been home to industrial salt ponds. Now, thousands of acres of those ponds are being restored for shorebirds and wildlife. But that is creating an opportunity for a very problematic bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area's gulls are well-known to San Francisco Giants fans. At one recent game, as the Giants staged a late comeback during the ninth inning hundreds of gulls appeared out of the night sky. Like clockwork, they show up just before the game ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Don't ask me how. They just know,\" says Mike Krukow, a broadcaster with the Giants. \"They come in and it's always with two outs to go in the ninth inning and there they are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attraction, of course, is the food. \"It's pizza. They've got garlic fries. They really love the garlic fries by the way,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How gulls time their arrival so well is a little bit of a mystery. But their numbers have grown so high that the ballpark is considering bringing in a falcon to scare them away. But that's not possible everywhere...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>South Bay Shorebirds on the Menu\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the southern end of the bay near Alviso, a crew from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/\">US Geological Survey\u003c/a> is working on a small island in the middle of a former salt pond. It's home to a colony of \u003ca href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Forsters_Tern/lifehistory\">Forster's terns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hey, what was the band number on that chick?\" asks Garth Herring, one of the scientists on the project. The team measures and bands the small, speckled tern chicks. A few of them get radio transmitters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When that transmitter is attached to a live chick, the transmitter beeps at a very specific rate,\" says Herring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the chick dies, the beep slows down. But you might wonder – why do they need to know if a chick is dead?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just to the north of us roughly about a mile, there's one of the largest \u003ca href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/california_gull/id\">California gull\u003c/a> colonies. They'll come in, grab the chick. And they get back to the gull colony and they regurgitate to their chicks,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At which point the tern chick – and transmitter – is inside the gull – until it passes through, that is. That's when Herring and his team go looking for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's pretty common that we find just a small pile of bones, the radio transmitter and the band that was associated with that Forster's tern chick,\" says Herring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herring says they've found that gulls only prey on the terns at certain times of day. \"It's timed pretty well with when the local landfill sites are closing down. They're flying back to the colonies and are picking up chicks probably around 6 o'clock on average.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, 40 percent of the tern chicks they tagged were eaten by gulls. \"It certainly does suggest that California gulls do have the potential to have a big impact on these breeding water birds here,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gulls Gone Wild\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're the big bully,\" says Cheryl Strong , a biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. \"They're very opportunistic and they do really well with humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California gulls didn't always call San Francisco Bay home. In the 1980s, a small group began nesting on one of the salt ponds. Now, that population has exploded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California gulls are one of the earliest nesting species and they're also probably the most aggressive. So they show up first that they can easily take over an area,\" says Strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.southbayrestoration.org/\">South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project\u003c/a> has spent millions restoring pond habitat for Forster's terns, American avocets and the threatened western snowy plover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's a conservation Catch-22. As more habitat is restored for shorebirds, it also creates more habitat for gulls. And as former salt ponds are flooded during the restoration, the gulls are looking for new places to nest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With 40,000 gulls, there's not a lot of room for other birds,\" says Strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strong says the Fish and Wildlife Service is writing a plan to manage the gulls. One option is killing the birds. But gulls can live up to 25 years and with an endless food source at landfills nearby, she says there's only so much they could do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're talking about removing birds lethally, it's just not feasible. They are a part of our landscape, like it or not,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, they're trying something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gull Hazing Underway\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So up ahead there are some gulls doing some courtship behaviors on the levee which is definitely a bad sign,\" says Caitlin Robinson-Nilsen of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbbo.org/\">San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory\u003c/a>. She's looking at a large flock of gulls on a salt pond near Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is one of the areas where we definitely don't want them to nest. One of the salt ponds we're standing right next to is a historic nesting site of the western snowy plover.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Robinson-Nilsen's job is to haze the gulls. She uses a whistle and walks down the levee. The gulls aren't happy about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They'll dive bomb you and hit you in your head. They're very good at pooping you. They have pretty good aim that way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson-Nislen says they're hazing gulls twice a day to keep them from nesting next to sensitive shorebirds. So far, it looks like it's working. But with millions of tax dollars being spent on restoring more habitat, biologists expect they'll be doing a lot more gull management in the years ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.southbayrestoration.org/\">South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/outreach.aspx?RecordID=54\">Help Track the California Gull\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"One of the most ambitious wetland restoration projects in the country is underway in San Francisco Bay. Thousands of acres of those ponds are being restored for shorebirds and wildlife. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443826119,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1010},"headData":{"title":"Gulls Threaten South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Work | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"20389 http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/gulls-threaten-south-bay-salt-pond-restoration-work/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/15/gulls-threaten-south-bay-salt-pond-restoration-work/","disqusTitle":"Gulls Threaten South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Work","path":"/quest/20389/gulls-threaten-south-bay-salt-pond-restoration-work","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-07-18-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-07-18-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20423\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-20423\" title=\"Gull-photo\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Gull-photo-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California gull tagged by USGS scientists. Credit: Josh Ackerman/USGS\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the most ambitious wetland restoration projects in the country is underway in San Francisco Bay. For more than a century, the South Bay shoreline has been home to industrial salt ponds. Now, thousands of acres of those ponds are being restored for shorebirds and wildlife. But that is creating an opportunity for a very problematic bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area's gulls are well-known to San Francisco Giants fans. At one recent game, as the Giants staged a late comeback during the ninth inning hundreds of gulls appeared out of the night sky. Like clockwork, they show up just before the game ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Don't ask me how. They just know,\" says Mike Krukow, a broadcaster with the Giants. \"They come in and it's always with two outs to go in the ninth inning and there they are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attraction, of course, is the food. \"It's pizza. They've got garlic fries. They really love the garlic fries by the way,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How gulls time their arrival so well is a little bit of a mystery. But their numbers have grown so high that the ballpark is considering bringing in a falcon to scare them away. But that's not possible everywhere...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>South Bay Shorebirds on the Menu\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the southern end of the bay near Alviso, a crew from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/\">US Geological Survey\u003c/a> is working on a small island in the middle of a former salt pond. It's home to a colony of \u003ca href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Forsters_Tern/lifehistory\">Forster's terns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hey, what was the band number on that chick?\" asks Garth Herring, one of the scientists on the project. The team measures and bands the small, speckled tern chicks. A few of them get radio transmitters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When that transmitter is attached to a live chick, the transmitter beeps at a very specific rate,\" says Herring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the chick dies, the beep slows down. But you might wonder – why do they need to know if a chick is dead?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just to the north of us roughly about a mile, there's one of the largest \u003ca href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/california_gull/id\">California gull\u003c/a> colonies. They'll come in, grab the chick. And they get back to the gull colony and they regurgitate to their chicks,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At which point the tern chick – and transmitter – is inside the gull – until it passes through, that is. That's when Herring and his team go looking for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's pretty common that we find just a small pile of bones, the radio transmitter and the band that was associated with that Forster's tern chick,\" says Herring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herring says they've found that gulls only prey on the terns at certain times of day. \"It's timed pretty well with when the local landfill sites are closing down. They're flying back to the colonies and are picking up chicks probably around 6 o'clock on average.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, 40 percent of the tern chicks they tagged were eaten by gulls. \"It certainly does suggest that California gulls do have the potential to have a big impact on these breeding water birds here,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gulls Gone Wild\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're the big bully,\" says Cheryl Strong , a biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. \"They're very opportunistic and they do really well with humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California gulls didn't always call San Francisco Bay home. In the 1980s, a small group began nesting on one of the salt ponds. Now, that population has exploded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California gulls are one of the earliest nesting species and they're also probably the most aggressive. So they show up first that they can easily take over an area,\" says Strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.southbayrestoration.org/\">South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project\u003c/a> has spent millions restoring pond habitat for Forster's terns, American avocets and the threatened western snowy plover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's a conservation Catch-22. As more habitat is restored for shorebirds, it also creates more habitat for gulls. And as former salt ponds are flooded during the restoration, the gulls are looking for new places to nest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With 40,000 gulls, there's not a lot of room for other birds,\" says Strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strong says the Fish and Wildlife Service is writing a plan to manage the gulls. One option is killing the birds. But gulls can live up to 25 years and with an endless food source at landfills nearby, she says there's only so much they could do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're talking about removing birds lethally, it's just not feasible. They are a part of our landscape, like it or not,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, they're trying something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gull Hazing Underway\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So up ahead there are some gulls doing some courtship behaviors on the levee which is definitely a bad sign,\" says Caitlin Robinson-Nilsen of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbbo.org/\">San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory\u003c/a>. She's looking at a large flock of gulls on a salt pond near Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is one of the areas where we definitely don't want them to nest. One of the salt ponds we're standing right next to is a historic nesting site of the western snowy plover.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Robinson-Nilsen's job is to haze the gulls. She uses a whistle and walks down the levee. The gulls aren't happy about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They'll dive bomb you and hit you in your head. They're very good at pooping you. They have pretty good aim that way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson-Nislen says they're hazing gulls twice a day to keep them from nesting next to sensitive shorebirds. So far, it looks like it's working. But with millions of tax dollars being spent on restoring more habitat, biologists expect they'll be doing a lot more gull management in the years ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.southbayrestoration.org/\">South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/outreach.aspx?RecordID=54\">Help Track the California Gull\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/20389/gulls-threaten-south-bay-salt-pond-restoration-work","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_284","quest_340","quest_9791","quest_9821","quest_9818","quest_13203","quest_13","quest_2423","quest_2483","quest_9820","quest_9819"],"collections":["quest_3359"],"featImg":"quest_20423","label":"quest_3359"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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