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Originally from San Francisco, Joan is thrilled to be home and working on QUEST, fulfilling a long-term goal of combining her interests in science and entertainment.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/692b727df9469f1e643b6b30d399076e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Joan Johnson | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/692b727df9469f1e643b6b30d399076e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/692b727df9469f1e643b6b30d399076e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/joan-johnson"},"anneglausser":{"type":"authors","id":"10270","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10270","found":true},"name":"Anne Glausser","firstName":"Anne","lastName":"Glausser","slug":"anneglausser","email":"anne.glausser@ideastream.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Anne Glausser is the Coordinating Producer for QUEST Ohio. 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Anne got her SM from MIT’s Graduate Program in Science Writing.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cb2272efe9d1c6b409249b4273bcef1b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["leadcoordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Anne Glausser | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cb2272efe9d1c6b409249b4273bcef1b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cb2272efe9d1c6b409249b4273bcef1b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/anneglausser"},"carolynbeeler":{"type":"authors","id":"10274","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10274","found":true},"name":"Carolyn Beeler","firstName":"Carolyn","lastName":"Beeler","slug":"carolynbeeler","email":"cbeeler@whyy.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Carolyn Beeler is a health and science reporter at WHYY in Philadelphia. She studied print journalism but caught the radio bug as a Kroc Fellow at NPR. Her work has taken her to the bottom of a bat cave and the middle of a jellyfish-infested bay, and her pieces have aired nationally on Morning Edition, All Things Considered and Weekend Edition. She has worked as a journalist in Chicago, Washington, D.C., Seattle and Cape Town, South Africa. Carolyn studied journalism at Northwestern University.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/80491078c3441d3543b88cc94bd78164?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Carolyn Beeler | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/80491078c3441d3543b88cc94bd78164?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/80491078c3441d3543b88cc94bd78164?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/carolynbeeler"},"kimjmiller":{"type":"authors","id":"10307","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10307","found":true},"name":"Dr. Kimberli MIller","firstName":"Kimberli","lastName":"Miller","slug":"kimjmiller","email":"kjmiller@usgs.gov","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Since 1992, Dr. Kimberli Miller has been a Wildlife Disease Specialist at the USGS National Wildlife Health Center, where she and her colleagues help solve wildlife disease problems. Kim graduated from the University of Missouri with a BS in Animal Science and a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree. She’s currently involved in a project to reintroduce a migratory population of whooping cranes into the eastern U.S. using ultra light aircraft.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/97edb2e184d9836f8cd6472e013a76c0?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Dr. Kimberli MIller | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/97edb2e184d9836f8cd6472e013a76c0?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/97edb2e184d9836f8cd6472e013a76c0?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/kimjmiller"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_58900":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_58900","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"58900","score":null,"sort":[1385046021000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"protecting-summer-hang-outs-for-bats","title":"Protecting Summer Hang-Outs For Bats","publishDate":1385046021,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Most people think of bats only as cave-dwelling night creatures that sometimes mistake your attic for a hideout. But bats don’t spend all their time in winter hibernation or asleep in dark, dusty corners. In fact, where they spend their waking hours matters a great deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">The Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> are trying to help protect the bat’s vital role in the ecosystem by answering the question: where do bats like to spend the summer?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August I joined lead researcher and \u003ca href=\"http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/geographic-information-system-gis/?ar_a=1\">GIS \u003c/a>expert August Froehlich at dusk near a soybean field in Norwalk, Ohio. We were there to check out some bats in their summer digs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63584\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/FWS-roost-tree.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63584\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/FWS-roost-tree-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shagbark hickory used as a roost by an Indiana bat maternity colony in Indiana. Credit: Joey Weber, Indiana State University.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This shagbark hickory is the roost site for a colony of Indiana bats. Credit: Joey Weber, Indiana State University\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since bat calls aren’t audible to the human ear, Froehlich’s team uses a \u003ca href=\"http://teachertech.rice.edu/Participants/cllamas/lessons/science/bats/batsounds.htm\">bat detector\u003c/a> that translates the calls into audible chirps. He was looking for the bat “hotspots.” Where were the bats hanging out? This is important to know because bat mothers raise their pups during the summer, and protecting these spots is crucial to the survival of the species. And bats aren’t doing so well. Hit hard by \u003ca href=\"http://www.clevelandmetroparks.com/Main/Notes-From-The-Field-Blog/45.aspx#.UnJ2IBD3PKd\">white-nose syndrome\u003c/a>, bat populations are in decline in Ohio and across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Froehlich’s team has created a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/Planning/SPR/Research/RFP/Documents/Clarifications2014-04/04_IndianaBat_TNC_WhitePaper.pdf\">bat map\u003c/a> to predict summer habitat, especially that of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/Endangered/mammals/inba/pdf/inbafctsht.pdf\">endangered Indiana bat. \u003c/a> “All large development projects, road projects, anything that requires a permit, basically, has to check to make sure if they’re going to impact Indiana bat habitat,” said Froehlich. Thus, developers end up spending inordinate amounts of time and money trying to make sure that they’re not hurting the Indiana bat. “This project is an attempt to try to get ahead of that,” he said, so that they can better understand the habitat needs of the endangered bat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test the map’s accuracy, Froehlich spent his summer on late-night car trips, like the one he invited me to join. Hazards on and driving slowly, we waited to hear the chirps. As we drove back and forth along the Huron River, it took some time for the bat detector to light up. When we approached a bridge over a forested river crossing, Froehlich stopped and put a finger to his lips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we paused on the bridge, the hiss of the wind against the detector’s microphone slowly gave way to a chorus of faint chirps. Bats were out and breakfasting. Back in the lab, Froehlich will be able to analyze the digital sound recordings to discern the species of bats we heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of the bat map is to identify areas like this. It factors in proximity to agricultural land, woods, development, and more. This information can then be used as a guide for prioritizing which spots to protect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63580\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-019.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63580\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-019-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Tim Krynak, a naturalist at the Cleveland Metroparks, holds Baby, a rescued brown bat.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Krynak, a naturalist at the Cleveland Metroparks, holds Baby, a rescued brown bat.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After hearing bats from a distance I wanted to see some up close, so I met with naturalist Tim Krynak and Baby, his rescue bat who now educates visitors to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.clevelandmetroparks.com/Main/Home.aspx\">Cleveland Metroparks. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To me, Baby looked like a flying mouse with really distinct feet, but Krynak hates to hear him (or any other bat, for that matter) described like that. Kryank has a real soft spot for his favorite creature, and it saddens him to see the widespread decline of their populations, especially since bats provide a lot of \u003ca href=\"http://www.caves.org/WNS/WNS%20Kunz%20April%205%20%202011.pdf\">ecosystem services \u003c/a>that benefit humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats are the prime controller of night-flying insects, he said, eating nearly their whole body weight in bugs every night. “A lot of those night-flying insects humans consider ‘pests,’ so by helping the bat population, we're helping control these night-flying insects, which then relates to our plants at home as well as our agricultural community,” said Krynak. He cited a recent study from Texas-based Bat Conservation International that found a colony of big brown bats controlled pests on a 100-acre farm as effectively as pesticides. “It's better for the environment, cheaper for the farmers just by encouraging bats in their area,” said Krynak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats also help regenerate forests, disperse seeds, pollinate flowers, and keep the entire ecosystem in good health. Their guano makes good fertilizer, and they have even been a help to medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63795\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-028.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63795\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-028-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"A bat skeleton is on display at the Cleveland Metroparks.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bat skeleton is on display at the Cleveland Metroparks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Karen Hallberg is a wildlife biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Columbus, Ohio. The Nature Conservancy’s bat map research lands on her desk. It’s her job to work with developers to minimize impacts to the endangered Indiana bat. They’ll take this research into consideration when making land-use decisions. “It’s going to be one of the many tools we use to evaluate these project impacts,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could also work like a swing vote. “We will look at this model in a special situation where it’s difficult to make a decision whether impacts are likely or not,” said Hallberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that protecting bat habitat has a ripple effect. It doesn’t just benefit the bats but also improves stream quality, nutrient cycling, and other important natural functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental science disputes the bats’ bad public wrap: far from being creepy “flying mice,” they are in fact a vital part of a healthy ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Want to relocate a colony from your attic, or encourage bats in your neighborhood? Learn how to build your own \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/Endangered/mammals/inba/pdf/BatBoxPlanForIN.pdf\">backyard bat box.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Bats help humans in a variety of ways, but their populations are declining across the country. Now researchers have created a “bat map” to help save them. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450494560,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":964},"headData":{"title":"Protecting Summer Hang-Outs For Bats | KQED","description":"Bats help humans in a variety of ways, but their populations are declining across the country. Now researchers have created a “bat map” to help save them. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Protecting Summer Hang-Outs For Bats","datePublished":"2013-11-21T15:00:21.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T03:09:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"58900 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=58900","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/11/21/protecting-summer-hang-outs-for-bats/","disqusTitle":"Protecting Summer Hang-Outs For Bats","source":"Biology","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Bat+Map/Stream/bat+map+stream+mp3+with+funders.mp3","path":"/quest/58900/protecting-summer-hang-outs-for-bats","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Most people think of bats only as cave-dwelling night creatures that sometimes mistake your attic for a hideout. But bats don’t spend all their time in winter hibernation or asleep in dark, dusty corners. In fact, where they spend their waking hours matters a great deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">The Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> are trying to help protect the bat’s vital role in the ecosystem by answering the question: where do bats like to spend the summer?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August I joined lead researcher and \u003ca href=\"http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/geographic-information-system-gis/?ar_a=1\">GIS \u003c/a>expert August Froehlich at dusk near a soybean field in Norwalk, Ohio. We were there to check out some bats in their summer digs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63584\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/FWS-roost-tree.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63584\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/FWS-roost-tree-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shagbark hickory used as a roost by an Indiana bat maternity colony in Indiana. Credit: Joey Weber, Indiana State University.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This shagbark hickory is the roost site for a colony of Indiana bats. Credit: Joey Weber, Indiana State University\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since bat calls aren’t audible to the human ear, Froehlich’s team uses a \u003ca href=\"http://teachertech.rice.edu/Participants/cllamas/lessons/science/bats/batsounds.htm\">bat detector\u003c/a> that translates the calls into audible chirps. He was looking for the bat “hotspots.” Where were the bats hanging out? This is important to know because bat mothers raise their pups during the summer, and protecting these spots is crucial to the survival of the species. And bats aren’t doing so well. Hit hard by \u003ca href=\"http://www.clevelandmetroparks.com/Main/Notes-From-The-Field-Blog/45.aspx#.UnJ2IBD3PKd\">white-nose syndrome\u003c/a>, bat populations are in decline in Ohio and across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Froehlich’s team has created a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/Planning/SPR/Research/RFP/Documents/Clarifications2014-04/04_IndianaBat_TNC_WhitePaper.pdf\">bat map\u003c/a> to predict summer habitat, especially that of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/Endangered/mammals/inba/pdf/inbafctsht.pdf\">endangered Indiana bat. \u003c/a> “All large development projects, road projects, anything that requires a permit, basically, has to check to make sure if they’re going to impact Indiana bat habitat,” said Froehlich. Thus, developers end up spending inordinate amounts of time and money trying to make sure that they’re not hurting the Indiana bat. “This project is an attempt to try to get ahead of that,” he said, so that they can better understand the habitat needs of the endangered bat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test the map’s accuracy, Froehlich spent his summer on late-night car trips, like the one he invited me to join. Hazards on and driving slowly, we waited to hear the chirps. As we drove back and forth along the Huron River, it took some time for the bat detector to light up. When we approached a bridge over a forested river crossing, Froehlich stopped and put a finger to his lips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we paused on the bridge, the hiss of the wind against the detector’s microphone slowly gave way to a chorus of faint chirps. Bats were out and breakfasting. Back in the lab, Froehlich will be able to analyze the digital sound recordings to discern the species of bats we heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of the bat map is to identify areas like this. It factors in proximity to agricultural land, woods, development, and more. This information can then be used as a guide for prioritizing which spots to protect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63580\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-019.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63580\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-019-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Tim Krynak, a naturalist at the Cleveland Metroparks, holds Baby, a rescued brown bat.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Krynak, a naturalist at the Cleveland Metroparks, holds Baby, a rescued brown bat.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After hearing bats from a distance I wanted to see some up close, so I met with naturalist Tim Krynak and Baby, his rescue bat who now educates visitors to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.clevelandmetroparks.com/Main/Home.aspx\">Cleveland Metroparks. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To me, Baby looked like a flying mouse with really distinct feet, but Krynak hates to hear him (or any other bat, for that matter) described like that. Kryank has a real soft spot for his favorite creature, and it saddens him to see the widespread decline of their populations, especially since bats provide a lot of \u003ca href=\"http://www.caves.org/WNS/WNS%20Kunz%20April%205%20%202011.pdf\">ecosystem services \u003c/a>that benefit humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats are the prime controller of night-flying insects, he said, eating nearly their whole body weight in bugs every night. “A lot of those night-flying insects humans consider ‘pests,’ so by helping the bat population, we're helping control these night-flying insects, which then relates to our plants at home as well as our agricultural community,” said Krynak. He cited a recent study from Texas-based Bat Conservation International that found a colony of big brown bats controlled pests on a 100-acre farm as effectively as pesticides. “It's better for the environment, cheaper for the farmers just by encouraging bats in their area,” said Krynak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats also help regenerate forests, disperse seeds, pollinate flowers, and keep the entire ecosystem in good health. Their guano makes good fertilizer, and they have even been a help to medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63795\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-028.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63795\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-028-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"A bat skeleton is on display at the Cleveland Metroparks.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bat skeleton is on display at the Cleveland Metroparks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Karen Hallberg is a wildlife biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Columbus, Ohio. The Nature Conservancy’s bat map research lands on her desk. It’s her job to work with developers to minimize impacts to the endangered Indiana bat. They’ll take this research into consideration when making land-use decisions. “It’s going to be one of the many tools we use to evaluate these project impacts,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could also work like a swing vote. “We will look at this model in a special situation where it’s difficult to make a decision whether impacts are likely or not,” said Hallberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that protecting bat habitat has a ripple effect. It doesn’t just benefit the bats but also improves stream quality, nutrient cycling, and other important natural functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental science disputes the bats’ bad public wrap: far from being creepy “flying mice,” they are in fact a vital part of a healthy ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Want to relocate a colony from your attic, or encourage bats in your neighborhood? Learn how to build your own \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/Endangered/mammals/inba/pdf/BatBoxPlanForIN.pdf\">backyard bat box.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/58900/protecting-summer-hang-outs-for-bats","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_280","quest_326","quest_12269","quest_10327","quest_12426","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_10429","quest_12425","quest_12212"],"featImg":"quest_63788","label":"source_quest_58900"},"quest_27371":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_27371","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"27371","score":null,"sort":[1322760638000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"usgs-at-forefront-of-saving-bats-from-white-nose-syndrome","title":"USGS at the Forefront of Saving Bats From White-Nose Syndrome (WNS)","publishDate":1322760638,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27849\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/bats-ice640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/bats-ice640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Kimberli Miller, USGS National Wildlife Health Center\" title=\"bats-ice640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-27849\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: Kimberli Miller, USGS National Wildlife Health Center.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Standing in the entrance of a Vermont cave in March 2008, it was clear from the dead bats in the snow, another flying in the frigid cold and one clinging to an icicle that something was wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m a Wildlife Disease Specialist for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/\">USGS National Wildlife Health Center\u003c/a> in Madison, Wisconsin. The Center’s mission is to safeguard wildlife and ecosystem health through dynamic partnerships and exceptional science. I was at the cave with two Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department biologists to learn more about white-nose syndrome (WNS), a new disease that was killing bats in New York, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut by the thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats are fascinating creatures that have evolved very specialized survival skills. One of these is their ability to hibernate to conserve energy by reducing their heart rate, temperature and other body functions to very low levels for extended periods. This allows bats to survive long winters using their stored body fat when their insect food source is unavailable. Although bats may briefly rouse out of hibernation to drink water or move to a different part of the cave, they typically stay deep in their hibernaculum or winter “roost site” until spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it was odd in winter 2007 when New York residents reported seeing bats flying during the day and finding them dead in the snow in their yards. Biologists following up on the reports were surprised to find a nearby cave littered with dead bats and a fuzzy white growth on the nose and wings of some of the live bats. The following winter, sick and dead bats were reported in multiple locations in New York as well as Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. The disease has now spread as far west as Kentucky, as far south as North Carolina, and to four Canadian provinces. It is estimated that over a million bats have died since 2007, making this the largest disease outbreak among mammals in modern times. WNS has spread very rapidly, by bats themselves, and likely also by people moving between \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/disease_information/white-nose_syndrome/index.jsp\">affected and unaffected sites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27851\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 426px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/3-wns-map-2007-08-ds.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/3-wns-map-2007-08-ds-426x360.jpg\" alt=\"WNS Occurrence by County. Map courtesy of Cal Butchkoski, Pennsylvania Game Commission. \" title=\"3-wns-map-2007-08-ds\" width=\"426\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27851\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">WNS Occurrence by County. Map courtesy of Cal Butchkoski, Pennsylvania Game Commission. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Click on map for a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/3-wns-map-2007-08-ds.jpg\">larger version.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navigating the icy rocks into the Vermont cave, dead bats were so numerous; stepping on them was sometimes unavoidable. A live little brown bat clinging to the rocks overhead didn’t have white nose fuzz but did have wing damage, which we now know, is one of the components of WNS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27858\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/bats-white-nose-wing640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Kimberli Miller, USGS Nation Wildlife Health Center\" title=\"bats-white-nose-wing640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-27858\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: Kimberli Miller, USGS Nation Wildlife Health Center\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, scientists are collaborating to quickly learn as much as possible about this disease. One of my Center’s laboratories first isolated a cold-loving fungus from sick bats that they later named \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=3015\">\u003cem>Geomyces destructans\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. Additional studies determined that it is the cause of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10590.html\">WNS\u003c/a>. Other scientists studied the wing damage caused by the fungus and how the injury affects body temperature and hydration during hibernation. The caving community has helped efforts to prevent the accidental spread of the fungus to new areas on equipment and supplies. All involved hope to one-day find ways to slow or halt the spread of the disease and reduce bat deaths before WNS causes some bat species to become extinct.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In the winter of 2007, residents of New York State began finding dead bats in their yards. Since then it’s estimated that more than a million bats have died from white-nose syndrome, a fuzzy white fungus that grows on their noses and wings. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1322532555,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":574},"headData":{"title":"USGS at the Forefront of Saving Bats From White-Nose Syndrome (WNS) | KQED","description":"In the winter of 2007, residents of New York State began finding dead bats in their yards. Since then it’s estimated that more than a million bats have died from white-nose syndrome, a fuzzy white fungus that grows on their noses and wings. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"USGS at the Forefront of Saving Bats From White-Nose Syndrome (WNS)","datePublished":"2011-12-01T17:30:38.000Z","dateModified":"2011-11-29T02:09:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"27371 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=27371","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/01/usgs-at-forefront-of-saving-bats-from-white-nose-syndrome/","disqusTitle":"USGS at the Forefront of Saving Bats From White-Nose Syndrome (WNS)","path":"/quest/27371/usgs-at-forefront-of-saving-bats-from-white-nose-syndrome","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27849\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/bats-ice640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/bats-ice640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Kimberli Miller, USGS National Wildlife Health Center\" title=\"bats-ice640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-27849\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: Kimberli Miller, USGS National Wildlife Health Center.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Standing in the entrance of a Vermont cave in March 2008, it was clear from the dead bats in the snow, another flying in the frigid cold and one clinging to an icicle that something was wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m a Wildlife Disease Specialist for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/\">USGS National Wildlife Health Center\u003c/a> in Madison, Wisconsin. The Center’s mission is to safeguard wildlife and ecosystem health through dynamic partnerships and exceptional science. I was at the cave with two Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department biologists to learn more about white-nose syndrome (WNS), a new disease that was killing bats in New York, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut by the thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats are fascinating creatures that have evolved very specialized survival skills. One of these is their ability to hibernate to conserve energy by reducing their heart rate, temperature and other body functions to very low levels for extended periods. This allows bats to survive long winters using their stored body fat when their insect food source is unavailable. Although bats may briefly rouse out of hibernation to drink water or move to a different part of the cave, they typically stay deep in their hibernaculum or winter “roost site” until spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it was odd in winter 2007 when New York residents reported seeing bats flying during the day and finding them dead in the snow in their yards. Biologists following up on the reports were surprised to find a nearby cave littered with dead bats and a fuzzy white growth on the nose and wings of some of the live bats. The following winter, sick and dead bats were reported in multiple locations in New York as well as Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. The disease has now spread as far west as Kentucky, as far south as North Carolina, and to four Canadian provinces. It is estimated that over a million bats have died since 2007, making this the largest disease outbreak among mammals in modern times. WNS has spread very rapidly, by bats themselves, and likely also by people moving between \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/disease_information/white-nose_syndrome/index.jsp\">affected and unaffected sites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27851\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 426px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/3-wns-map-2007-08-ds.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/3-wns-map-2007-08-ds-426x360.jpg\" alt=\"WNS Occurrence by County. Map courtesy of Cal Butchkoski, Pennsylvania Game Commission. \" title=\"3-wns-map-2007-08-ds\" width=\"426\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27851\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">WNS Occurrence by County. Map courtesy of Cal Butchkoski, Pennsylvania Game Commission. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Click on map for a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/3-wns-map-2007-08-ds.jpg\">larger version.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navigating the icy rocks into the Vermont cave, dead bats were so numerous; stepping on them was sometimes unavoidable. A live little brown bat clinging to the rocks overhead didn’t have white nose fuzz but did have wing damage, which we now know, is one of the components of WNS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27858\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/bats-white-nose-wing640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Kimberli Miller, USGS Nation Wildlife Health Center\" title=\"bats-white-nose-wing640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-27858\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: Kimberli Miller, USGS Nation Wildlife Health Center\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, scientists are collaborating to quickly learn as much as possible about this disease. One of my Center’s laboratories first isolated a cold-loving fungus from sick bats that they later named \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=3015\">\u003cem>Geomyces destructans\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. Additional studies determined that it is the cause of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10590.html\">WNS\u003c/a>. Other scientists studied the wing damage caused by the fungus and how the injury affects body temperature and hydration during hibernation. The caving community has helped efforts to prevent the accidental spread of the fungus to new areas on equipment and supplies. All involved hope to one-day find ways to slow or halt the spread of the disease and reduce bat deaths before WNS causes some bat species to become extinct.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/27371/usgs-at-forefront-of-saving-bats-from-white-nose-syndrome","authors":["10307"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_280","quest_10455","quest_3351","quest_10456","quest_10457","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3292","quest_3321","quest_3048","quest_3825","quest_10416"],"featImg":"quest_27845","label":"quest"},"quest_26828":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_26828","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"26828","score":null,"sort":[1320858024000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"%e2%80%98superfast%e2%80%99-muscles-help-bats-find-their-dinner","title":"‘Superfast’ Muscles Help Bats Find Their Dinner","publishDate":1320858024,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/whyy-bat-muscles640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"whyy-bat-muscles640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-26830\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a hunting bat closes in on a flying insect, its \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_echolocation\">echolocation\u003c/a> calls get closer and closer together, and shorter and shorter in duration. The calls, more than 160 per second, give the bat rapid-fire information on the location of its ever-moving prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the human ear, the calls register as one continuous sound. Researchers call it the “terminal buzz,” and until recently, scientists did not fully understand how bats produced it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats use muscles in the larynx to produce sound, just like humans, but scientists had never found a mammal muscle that could turn on and off that quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can tap your finger on a table, and you can try to tap your finger as fast as you possibly can,\" said Andy Mead, a biology graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania. Eventually, your muscles seize up and you can’t tap any faster, Mead said. “You can probably tap five, six, seven times a second if you really try.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of a research team led by \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdu.dk/?sc_lang=en\">Coen Elemans from the University of Southern Denmark\u003c/a> , Mead found muscles in a bat larynx that could turn on and off in less than one one-hundredth of a second, firing up to 180 times a second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was instantaneously really shocking and exciting to see yes, this is a very, very fast muscle,\" Mead said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discovery marked the first evidence of a “superfast” muscle in a mammal. Superfast muscles are responsible for the rattle of a rattlesnake and the mating call of the bottom-dwelling \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/08/science/08angi.html\">toadfish\u003c/a> and some songbirds, but the discovery of the muscles in mammals leads researchers to believe they may be more common than they thought. They are also key to the evolutionary success of bats, which are the only flying mammals to use echolocation to hunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>See the \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/health-science/item/27485-bats\">original story\u003c/a> from our partners at \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsworks.org/\">WHYY\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Additional Links\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/health-science/item/8641-bats\">Scientific community unites to save bats\u003c/a>: Bats are dying at rapid rates of the mysterious white nose syndrome. Learn about efforts in Pennsylvania to study the disease.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As a hunting bat closes in on a flying insect, its echolocation calls get closer and closer together, and shorter and shorter in duration. Scientists recently discovered how their muscles can produce more than 160 calls every second. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1320937268,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":351},"headData":{"title":"‘Superfast’ Muscles Help Bats Find Their Dinner | KQED","description":"As a hunting bat closes in on a flying insect, its echolocation calls get closer and closer together, and shorter and shorter in duration. Scientists recently discovered how their muscles can produce more than 160 calls every second. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"‘Superfast’ Muscles Help Bats Find Their Dinner","datePublished":"2011-11-09T17:00:24.000Z","dateModified":"2011-11-10T15:01:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"26828 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=26828","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/09/%e2%80%98superfast%e2%80%99-muscles-help-bats-find-their-dinner/","disqusTitle":"‘Superfast’ Muscles Help Bats Find Their Dinner","path":"/quest/26828/%e2%80%98superfast%e2%80%99-muscles-help-bats-find-their-dinner","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/whyy-bat-muscles640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"whyy-bat-muscles640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-26830\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a hunting bat closes in on a flying insect, its \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_echolocation\">echolocation\u003c/a> calls get closer and closer together, and shorter and shorter in duration. The calls, more than 160 per second, give the bat rapid-fire information on the location of its ever-moving prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the human ear, the calls register as one continuous sound. Researchers call it the “terminal buzz,” and until recently, scientists did not fully understand how bats produced it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats use muscles in the larynx to produce sound, just like humans, but scientists had never found a mammal muscle that could turn on and off that quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can tap your finger on a table, and you can try to tap your finger as fast as you possibly can,\" said Andy Mead, a biology graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania. Eventually, your muscles seize up and you can’t tap any faster, Mead said. “You can probably tap five, six, seven times a second if you really try.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of a research team led by \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdu.dk/?sc_lang=en\">Coen Elemans from the University of Southern Denmark\u003c/a> , Mead found muscles in a bat larynx that could turn on and off in less than one one-hundredth of a second, firing up to 180 times a second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was instantaneously really shocking and exciting to see yes, this is a very, very fast muscle,\" Mead said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discovery marked the first evidence of a “superfast” muscle in a mammal. Superfast muscles are responsible for the rattle of a rattlesnake and the mating call of the bottom-dwelling \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/08/science/08angi.html\">toadfish\u003c/a> and some songbirds, but the discovery of the muscles in mammals leads researchers to believe they may be more common than they thought. They are also key to the evolutionary success of bats, which are the only flying mammals to use echolocation to hunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>See the \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/health-science/item/27485-bats\">original story\u003c/a> from our partners at \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsworks.org/\">WHYY\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Additional Links\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/health-science/item/8641-bats\">Scientific community unites to save bats\u003c/a>: Bats are dying at rapid rates of the mysterious white nose syndrome. Learn about efforts in Pennsylvania to study the disease.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/26828/%e2%80%98superfast%e2%80%99-muscles-help-bats-find-their-dinner","authors":["10274"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_16"],"tags":["quest_280","quest_10408","quest_1032","quest_1419","quest_1472","quest_3351","quest_1895","quest_2141","quest_2291","quest_2349","quest_3291","quest_9973","quest_10407","quest_10328"],"featImg":"quest_26830","label":"quest"},"quest_22006":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_22006","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"22006","score":null,"sort":[1312395442000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"science-on-the-spot-bats-beneath-us","title":"Science on the SPOT: Bats Beneath Us","publishDate":1312395442,"format":"video","headTitle":"Science on the SPOT | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3296,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Every summer, 250,000 female bats take up residence under a freeway bridge in California’s Central Valley, to wait for the birth of their pups. And each night, the hungry mammals exit the bridge in a stunning ribbon-like formation to hunt for insects. (I strongly recommend you watch the HD version of this video - you'll really appreciate the beauty of the bat flyouts much better, especially the final one!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mexican free-tailed bats living beneath the Yolo Causeway, a three-mile bridge near Davis, make up the largest colony of bats in the Central Valley and most likely one of the biggest in California, said Corky Quirk, education associate with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.yolobasin.org/\">Yolo Basin Foundation\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22045\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/Bats-of-Yolo-Causeway-31_resizedtighter.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/Bats-of-Yolo-Causeway-31_resizedtighter-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Corky Quirk and QUEST producer Gabriela Quiros\" title=\"Bats of Yolo Causeway (31)_resizedtighter\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22045\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corky Quirk helps QUEST producer Gabriela Quiros prepare to film the bat flyout at the Yolo Causeway.\u003cbr>\nPhoto: Amanda Stupi\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Yolo Causeway carries highway 80 traffic over the \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/05/19/californias-ingenious-flood-relief-valve/\">Yolo Bypass\u003c/a>, a flood-control structure that protects Sacramento, West Sacramento and nearby communities from the Sacramento River’s rising waters during the winter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bats fly out from under the bridge each evening from two locations. Between June and August, Quirk takes groups of visitors to watch a large group of the bats fly out in the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area, which is managed by the state’s Department of Fish and Game. This year’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.yolobasin.org/events.cfm\">bat tours\u003c/a> sold out after the Sacramento Bee published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2011/07/08/3755355/yolo-bat-advocate-shines-light.html#storylink=misearch\">story\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22096\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_5171_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_5171_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Mexican free-tailed bats fly out at sunset\" title=\"DSC_5171_resized\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22096\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bats fly out over the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area, in Davis.\u003cbr>\nPhoto: Corky Quirk\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But you can watch a slightly smaller group of bats fly out shortly before sunset from the causeway’s bike trail, on the bridge’s west end. Quirk recommends parking on the northwest side of the causeway and walking up onto the levee to reach the bike trail. The bats fly from under the causeway near the levee on the north side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know where these bats spend the rest of the year, although they suspect that some of them remain at the causeway and that others live under nearby Central Valley bridges and in the Bay Area. In \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/bats-in-our-midst/\">another QUEST video \u003c/a>I produced, bat scientists counted 16,000 Mexican free-tailed bats spending the winter under a small bridge in the town of Galt, 20 miles south of Sacramento. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bats start to arrive at the causeway in May and make themselves at home in the bridge’s exposition joints, crevices that are one inch wide and 12 inches deep and allow the cement structure to contract and expand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> “In our area we don’t have caves, which would be the normal habitat for this particular species,” said Quirk. “But they’ve adapted to live in the structures that the humans have ended up providing.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22034\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_0001_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_0001_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Under the Yolo Causeway\" title=\"DSC_0001_resized\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22034\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mexican free-tailed bats have adapted to living under bridges instead of in caves. Photo: Kate Szrom\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mexican free-tailed bats are one of around 16 species of bats in the Bay Area, said Dave Johnston, a wildlife ecologist and an officer of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbwg.org/index.html\">Western Bat Working Group\u003c/a>. While this species is doing well, other Bay Area bats such as the long-eared myotis, the Townsend’s big-eared bat and the pallid bat, aren’t as numerous as they once were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re learning is that more and more of these species are more sensitive to urbanization than we previously thought,” said Johnston. “Habitat fragmentation and habitat loss are probably the big suspects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a disease called white-nose syndrome has killed more than one million bats in the eastern United States since it was introduced to New York state in 2006, likely from Europe. The fungal disease attacks bats hibernating in caves and causes them to develop what looks like frost on their snouts and chins. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disease is expected to reach California, but Johnston said it’s not clear how it might impact the state’s bats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our bats typically do not go into the deep torpor or deep hibernation when this fungus does its worst effect,” said Johnston. “So that’s a wild card out there.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult Mexican free-tailed bats weigh about half an ounce and are three inches long. Their 10-inch wingspan makes them look bigger when they’re flying, which they do at speeds of about 50 miles per hour. Under the causeway, they chatter away in high-pitched, bird-like chirps. But when they exit the bridge at sunset, Quirk holds up a phone-sized machine called a bat detector to hear the high-frequency sounds that help the bats locate their prey. Without the bat detector, these sounds aren’t audible to humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California’s Central Valley, Mexican free-tailed bats feed on the moths and moth larvae that attack corn and tomatoes. In Texas, where they’re also known as Brazilian free-tailed bats, they protect the cotton crops and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bu.edu/cecb/files/2009/08/cleveland-et-al06.pdf\">reduce the cost of pesticides for cotton farmers.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they’re pregnant or nursing, they’re going to eat about the equivalent of their weight in insects each night,” said Quirk. “They’re very, very important for our pest control.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22035\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_0027_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_0027_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Four-day-old Mexican-free tailed bat pup\" title=\"DSC_0027_resized\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22035\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four-day-old bat pup. Photo: Kate Szrom\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each female gives birth to a single pup once a year. The pups, which are born translucent and furless, are large, compared to their mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think of it as a human mother giving birth to a kindergartner,” said Quirk. Around July 1, Quirk starts to look for tiny bat placentas and umbilical cords that have fallen to the ground under the bridge - a sign that the bats have given birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because nursing bats need to eat so many insects, once they give birth they fly in thicker groups than during their pregnancy. They fly out from under the bridge in a long, twirling line that Quirk describes as a “ribbon.” Each night, three or four ribbons are visible from the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like that they’re so different than their reputation,” said Quirk as she watched a flyout in July. “I like that they’re actually very calm animals for the most part, that they’re hunting insects and not interested in us.” \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Every summer, 250,000 bats take up residence under a freeway bridge in California's Central Valley. And each night, they exit the bridge in a stunning ribbon-like formation.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457568852,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1077},"headData":{"title":"Science on the SPOT: Bats Beneath Us | KQED","description":"Every summer, 250,000 bats take up residence under a freeway bridge in California's Central Valley. And each night, they exit the bridge in a stunning ribbon-like formation.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Science on the SPOT: Bats Beneath Us","datePublished":"2011-08-03T18:17:22.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-10T00:14:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"22006 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=22006","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/08/03/science-on-the-spot-bats-beneath-us/","disqusTitle":"Science on the SPOT: Bats Beneath Us","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/Z0OMf2I3lH4","path":"/quest/22006/science-on-the-spot-bats-beneath-us","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every summer, 250,000 female bats take up residence under a freeway bridge in California’s Central Valley, to wait for the birth of their pups. And each night, the hungry mammals exit the bridge in a stunning ribbon-like formation to hunt for insects. (I strongly recommend you watch the HD version of this video - you'll really appreciate the beauty of the bat flyouts much better, especially the final one!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mexican free-tailed bats living beneath the Yolo Causeway, a three-mile bridge near Davis, make up the largest colony of bats in the Central Valley and most likely one of the biggest in California, said Corky Quirk, education associate with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.yolobasin.org/\">Yolo Basin Foundation\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22045\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/Bats-of-Yolo-Causeway-31_resizedtighter.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/Bats-of-Yolo-Causeway-31_resizedtighter-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Corky Quirk and QUEST producer Gabriela Quiros\" title=\"Bats of Yolo Causeway (31)_resizedtighter\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22045\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corky Quirk helps QUEST producer Gabriela Quiros prepare to film the bat flyout at the Yolo Causeway.\u003cbr>\nPhoto: Amanda Stupi\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Yolo Causeway carries highway 80 traffic over the \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/05/19/californias-ingenious-flood-relief-valve/\">Yolo Bypass\u003c/a>, a flood-control structure that protects Sacramento, West Sacramento and nearby communities from the Sacramento River’s rising waters during the winter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bats fly out from under the bridge each evening from two locations. Between June and August, Quirk takes groups of visitors to watch a large group of the bats fly out in the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area, which is managed by the state’s Department of Fish and Game. This year’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.yolobasin.org/events.cfm\">bat tours\u003c/a> sold out after the Sacramento Bee published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2011/07/08/3755355/yolo-bat-advocate-shines-light.html#storylink=misearch\">story\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22096\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_5171_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_5171_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Mexican free-tailed bats fly out at sunset\" title=\"DSC_5171_resized\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22096\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bats fly out over the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area, in Davis.\u003cbr>\nPhoto: Corky Quirk\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But you can watch a slightly smaller group of bats fly out shortly before sunset from the causeway’s bike trail, on the bridge’s west end. Quirk recommends parking on the northwest side of the causeway and walking up onto the levee to reach the bike trail. The bats fly from under the causeway near the levee on the north side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know where these bats spend the rest of the year, although they suspect that some of them remain at the causeway and that others live under nearby Central Valley bridges and in the Bay Area. In \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/bats-in-our-midst/\">another QUEST video \u003c/a>I produced, bat scientists counted 16,000 Mexican free-tailed bats spending the winter under a small bridge in the town of Galt, 20 miles south of Sacramento. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bats start to arrive at the causeway in May and make themselves at home in the bridge’s exposition joints, crevices that are one inch wide and 12 inches deep and allow the cement structure to contract and expand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> “In our area we don’t have caves, which would be the normal habitat for this particular species,” said Quirk. “But they’ve adapted to live in the structures that the humans have ended up providing.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22034\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_0001_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_0001_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Under the Yolo Causeway\" title=\"DSC_0001_resized\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22034\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mexican free-tailed bats have adapted to living under bridges instead of in caves. Photo: Kate Szrom\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mexican free-tailed bats are one of around 16 species of bats in the Bay Area, said Dave Johnston, a wildlife ecologist and an officer of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbwg.org/index.html\">Western Bat Working Group\u003c/a>. While this species is doing well, other Bay Area bats such as the long-eared myotis, the Townsend’s big-eared bat and the pallid bat, aren’t as numerous as they once were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re learning is that more and more of these species are more sensitive to urbanization than we previously thought,” said Johnston. “Habitat fragmentation and habitat loss are probably the big suspects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a disease called white-nose syndrome has killed more than one million bats in the eastern United States since it was introduced to New York state in 2006, likely from Europe. The fungal disease attacks bats hibernating in caves and causes them to develop what looks like frost on their snouts and chins. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disease is expected to reach California, but Johnston said it’s not clear how it might impact the state’s bats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our bats typically do not go into the deep torpor or deep hibernation when this fungus does its worst effect,” said Johnston. “So that’s a wild card out there.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult Mexican free-tailed bats weigh about half an ounce and are three inches long. Their 10-inch wingspan makes them look bigger when they’re flying, which they do at speeds of about 50 miles per hour. Under the causeway, they chatter away in high-pitched, bird-like chirps. But when they exit the bridge at sunset, Quirk holds up a phone-sized machine called a bat detector to hear the high-frequency sounds that help the bats locate their prey. Without the bat detector, these sounds aren’t audible to humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California’s Central Valley, Mexican free-tailed bats feed on the moths and moth larvae that attack corn and tomatoes. In Texas, where they’re also known as Brazilian free-tailed bats, they protect the cotton crops and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bu.edu/cecb/files/2009/08/cleveland-et-al06.pdf\">reduce the cost of pesticides for cotton farmers.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they’re pregnant or nursing, they’re going to eat about the equivalent of their weight in insects each night,” said Quirk. “They’re very, very important for our pest control.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22035\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_0027_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_0027_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Four-day-old Mexican-free tailed bat pup\" title=\"DSC_0027_resized\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22035\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four-day-old bat pup. Photo: Kate Szrom\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each female gives birth to a single pup once a year. The pups, which are born translucent and furless, are large, compared to their mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think of it as a human mother giving birth to a kindergartner,” said Quirk. Around July 1, Quirk starts to look for tiny bat placentas and umbilical cords that have fallen to the ground under the bridge - a sign that the bats have given birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because nursing bats need to eat so many insects, once they give birth they fly in thicker groups than during their pregnancy. They fly out from under the bridge in a long, twirling line that Quirk describes as a “ribbon.” Each night, three or four ribbons are visible from the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like that they’re so different than their reputation,” said Quirk as she watched a flyout in July. “I like that they’re actually very calm animals for the most part, that they’re hunting insects and not interested in us.” \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/22006/science-on-the-spot-bats-beneath-us","authors":["6186"],"series":["quest_3296"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_85","quest_9940","quest_280","quest_9946","quest_9944","quest_9941","quest_9945","quest_13","quest_3071","quest_9942","quest_9943"],"featImg":"quest_22040","label":"quest_3296"},"quest_17561":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17561","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17561","score":null,"sort":[1305163800000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bats-in-our-midst","title":"Bats In Our Midst","publishDate":1305163800,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>QUEST ventures under a Central Valley bridge to count the bats that make it their home. The bridge is one of the most important roosting places for Mexican free-tailed bats in the Central Valley, where this voracious insect-eating species protects the local crops from pests. Then meet two volunteers who take injured bats into their homes and nurse them to health. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/10/bat-flight-a-mechanical-marvel/\" target=\"_blank\">bats in this related article\u003c/a> from the producer of the video.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"QUEST ventures under a Central Valley bridge to count the bats that make it their home. The bridge is one of the most important roosting places for Mexican free-tailed bats in the Central Valley, where this voracious insect-eating species protects the local crops from pests. Then meet two volunteers who take injured bats into their homes and nurse them to health. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457663307,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":79},"headData":{"title":"Bats In Our Midst | KQED","description":"QUEST ventures under a Central Valley bridge to count the bats that make it their home. The bridge is one of the most important roosting places for Mexican free-tailed bats in the Central Valley, where this voracious insect-eating species protects the local crops from pests. Then meet two volunteers who take injured bats into their homes and nurse them to health. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Bats In Our Midst","datePublished":"2011-05-12T01:30:00.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-11T02:28:27.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"17561 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/bats-in-our-midst/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/11/bats-in-our-midst/","disqusTitle":"Bats In Our Midst","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvqiLWuBBR0","path":"/quest/17561/bats-in-our-midst","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>QUEST ventures under a Central Valley bridge to count the bats that make it their home. The bridge is one of the most important roosting places for Mexican free-tailed bats in the Central Valley, where this voracious insect-eating species protects the local crops from pests. Then meet two volunteers who take injured bats into their homes and nurse them to health. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/10/bat-flight-a-mechanical-marvel/\" target=\"_blank\">bats in this related article\u003c/a> from the producer of the video.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17561/bats-in-our-midst","authors":["6186","6219"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_9940","quest_280","quest_9946","quest_10236","quest_3351","quest_1725","quest_9941","quest_2141","quest_10237","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2893"],"featImg":"quest_13478","label":"quest"},"quest_19225":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19225","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19225","score":null,"sort":[1305046234000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bat-flight-a-mechanical-marvel","title":"Bat Flight a Mechanical Marvel","publishDate":1305046234,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13478\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/bats3002.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/bats3002.jpg\" alt=\"A Mexican free-tailed bat hunts a corn earworm moth.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13478\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Mexican free-tailed bat hunts a corn earworm moth.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While researching our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/bats-in-our-midst\">QUEST TV story on Northern California's bats\u003c/a>, I discovered these stunning videos of bats in mid flight produced by the labs of biologists \u003ca href=\"http://www.brown.edu/Departments/EEB/EML/people/sharon.htm\">Sharon Swartz\u003c/a> and Kenny Breuer, at Brown University, in Rhode Island. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using high-speed video equipment that has become affordable for scientists in the past five years, Breuer and Swartz created the movies as a research tool to investigate the flight mechanics of bats. They coax the bats to fly inside wind tunnels using food rewards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cdiv style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\">\u003c!--[if lt IE 9]>\u003cscript>document.createElement('video');\u003c/script>\u003c![endif]-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cvideo class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-0-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\">\u003csource type=\"video/x-flv\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/502A_Bats_Cyno-side_LesserDogFacedFruitBat_BrownUniv4501.flv?_=1\">\u003c/source>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/502A_Bats_Cyno-side_LesserDogFacedFruitBat_BrownUniv4501.flv\">http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/502A_Bats_Cyno-side_LesserDogFacedFruitBat_BrownUniv4501.flv\u003c/a>\u003c/video>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\n\u003cem>Lesser dog-faced fruit bat.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The videos reveal the intricacies of how bats use their wings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing we found is that the movements of the wing are extremely complex compared to birds and insects,” said Swartz. “They have many, many joints they can control independently.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their complex wings enable bats to make sharp turns that birds can’t manage. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily turn fast,” said Swartz, “but they can turn on a dime.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GH4TkjFhORA]\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Bat makes a sharp turn.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bat wings are also made out of soft skin – which Swartz calls “compliant.” This gives bats yet another advantage over birds and insects. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If your wing is made of compliant skin,” she said, “then it billows and that gives you extra lift.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all bat wings are the same, though. Mexican free-tailed bats, which are abundant in California’s Central Valley, have stiffer wings than species like the lesser dog-faced fruit bat found in Southeast Asia. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we’ve studied the Mexican free-tailed bats, it turns out that their wing motions look very much like birds’,” said Swartz. “The wing stays pretty rigid, even though they have the same joints than the fruit bats.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\">\u003cvideo class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-0-2\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\">\u003csource type=\"video/x-flv\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/502A_Bats_Tadarida-side_MexFreeTailed_BrownUniv4501.flv?_=2\">\u003c/source>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/502A_Bats_Tadarida-side_MexFreeTailed_BrownUniv4501.flv\">http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/502A_Bats_Tadarida-side_MexFreeTailed_BrownUniv4501.flv\u003c/a>\u003c/video>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mexican free-tailed bat. Credit: Nick Hristov and Tatjana Hubel, Brown University\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swartz believes the differences in the wing capabilities of Mexican free-tailed bats and lesser dog-faced fruit bats are related to the differences in their diets. The Mexican free-tailed bats eat mainly insects, while the lesser dog-faced fruit bats eat, well, mainly fruit. Fruit-eating bats need to move through their habitat slower than insect-eating bats, Swartz said. And because they’re moving more slowly, it’s harder for them to maintain lift. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It might be that the animals that need to fly more slowly need the three-dimensional complexity to make up for that,” she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Watch \u003ca href=\"http://www.brown.edu/Departments/EEB/EML/videos.htm\">more videos\u003c/a> from the Swartz and Breuer labs.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Watch \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/bats-in-our-midst\">QUEST TV's story on Northern California's bats.\u003c/a>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/EvqiLWuBBR0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Watch stunning videos of bats in mid flight that are helping Brown University scientists understand how these mammals fly.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457656875,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.youtube.com/embed/EvqiLWuBBR0"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":490},"headData":{"title":"Bat Flight a Mechanical Marvel | KQED","description":"Watch stunning videos of bats in mid flight that are helping Brown University scientists understand how these mammals fly.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Bat Flight a Mechanical Marvel","datePublished":"2011-05-10T16:50:34.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-11T00:41:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19225 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2011/05/10/bat-flight-a-mechanical-marvel/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/10/bat-flight-a-mechanical-marvel/","disqusTitle":"Bat Flight a Mechanical Marvel","path":"/quest/19225/bat-flight-a-mechanical-marvel","audioUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/files/2011/05/502A_Bats_Cyno-side_LesserDogFacedFruitBat_BrownUniv4501.flv","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13478\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/bats3002.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/bats3002.jpg\" alt=\"A Mexican free-tailed bat hunts a corn earworm moth.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13478\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Mexican free-tailed bat hunts a corn earworm moth.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While researching our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/bats-in-our-midst\">QUEST TV story on Northern California's bats\u003c/a>, I discovered these stunning videos of bats in mid flight produced by the labs of biologists \u003ca href=\"http://www.brown.edu/Departments/EEB/EML/people/sharon.htm\">Sharon Swartz\u003c/a> and Kenny Breuer, at Brown University, in Rhode Island. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using high-speed video equipment that has become affordable for scientists in the past five years, Breuer and Swartz created the movies as a research tool to investigate the flight mechanics of bats. They coax the bats to fly inside wind tunnels using food rewards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cdiv style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\">\u003c!--[if lt IE 9]>\u003cscript>document.createElement('video');\u003c/script>\u003c![endif]-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cvideo class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-0-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\">\u003csource type=\"video/x-flv\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/502A_Bats_Cyno-side_LesserDogFacedFruitBat_BrownUniv4501.flv?_=1\">\u003c/source>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/502A_Bats_Cyno-side_LesserDogFacedFruitBat_BrownUniv4501.flv\">http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/502A_Bats_Cyno-side_LesserDogFacedFruitBat_BrownUniv4501.flv\u003c/a>\u003c/video>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\n\u003cem>Lesser dog-faced fruit bat.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The videos reveal the intricacies of how bats use their wings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing we found is that the movements of the wing are extremely complex compared to birds and insects,” said Swartz. “They have many, many joints they can control independently.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their complex wings enable bats to make sharp turns that birds can’t manage. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily turn fast,” said Swartz, “but they can turn on a dime.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/GH4TkjFhORA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/GH4TkjFhORA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Bat makes a sharp turn.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bat wings are also made out of soft skin – which Swartz calls “compliant.” This gives bats yet another advantage over birds and insects. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If your wing is made of compliant skin,” she said, “then it billows and that gives you extra lift.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all bat wings are the same, though. Mexican free-tailed bats, which are abundant in California’s Central Valley, have stiffer wings than species like the lesser dog-faced fruit bat found in Southeast Asia. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we’ve studied the Mexican free-tailed bats, it turns out that their wing motions look very much like birds’,” said Swartz. “The wing stays pretty rigid, even though they have the same joints than the fruit bats.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\">\u003cvideo class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-0-2\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\">\u003csource type=\"video/x-flv\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/502A_Bats_Tadarida-side_MexFreeTailed_BrownUniv4501.flv?_=2\">\u003c/source>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/502A_Bats_Tadarida-side_MexFreeTailed_BrownUniv4501.flv\">http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/502A_Bats_Tadarida-side_MexFreeTailed_BrownUniv4501.flv\u003c/a>\u003c/video>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mexican free-tailed bat. Credit: Nick Hristov and Tatjana Hubel, Brown University\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swartz believes the differences in the wing capabilities of Mexican free-tailed bats and lesser dog-faced fruit bats are related to the differences in their diets. The Mexican free-tailed bats eat mainly insects, while the lesser dog-faced fruit bats eat, well, mainly fruit. Fruit-eating bats need to move through their habitat slower than insect-eating bats, Swartz said. And because they’re moving more slowly, it’s harder for them to maintain lift. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It might be that the animals that need to fly more slowly need the three-dimensional complexity to make up for that,” she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Watch \u003ca href=\"http://www.brown.edu/Departments/EEB/EML/videos.htm\">more videos\u003c/a> from the Swartz and Breuer labs.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Watch \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/bats-in-our-midst\">QUEST TV's story on Northern California's bats.\u003c/a>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/EvqiLWuBBR0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19225/bat-flight-a-mechanical-marvel","authors":["6186"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_280","quest_3577","quest_1149","quest_3351","quest_3654","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_2893","quest_3829"],"featImg":"quest_14366","label":"quest"},"quest_880":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_880","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"880","score":null,"sort":[1224012637000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-for-cool-critters-fruit-bats","title":"Producer's Notes for Cool Critters: Fruit Bats","publishDate":1224012637,"format":"video","headTitle":"Cool Critters | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3299,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>In honor of Halloween this month, QUEST offers up a short story on bats. But these are not your screeching, swarming, bloodsucking Hollywood movie bats. No... just like you can choose to make a cute, happy jack-o-lantern or a scary jack-o-lantern, you can also choose to do a story about cute fruit-eating bats instead of their less attractive cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we visited zookeeper Andrea Dougall at the Oakland Zoo to learn about their Malayan and Island Flying Fox. Both are a type of fruit bat, and I couldn’t readily see the difference between them. There are many fascinating things that Andrea taught us about these bats that we couldn't fit into our two minute segment (and honestly, this producer wouldn't mind making a half hour special on these critters!). For instance, they have a lot of blood vessels in their wing tissue, so they make excellent thermo-regulators. If the bat is cold, he wraps himself up in his wings so that the heat from his blood vessels can keep him warm. Likewise, when it's hot out the bats flap their wings to cool off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Andrea told us that bats are the only mammals that can have sustained flight by flapping their wings, someone said \"but what about the flying squirrel?\" Nope-- they glide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These bats don't actually swallow the fruit that they eat, instead they chew it into small pieces, push it up against the roof of their mouth to ring out the juice, which they then swallow, and spit out the leftovers. This is something that Andrea reminded me of when I told her I'd like to take one of these cute critters home as a pet... the amount of rotten fruit pulp that you have to pick up is really unappealing. Plus, of course, it would be illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the most intriguing thing to me is the simple fact that these animals spend all of their time hanging upside down. I asked Andrea about that too-- how is it possible that they wouldn't experience some sort of leg fatigue and let go of their grip? She told me what's in the scientific literature on other kinds of bats (and we're assuming it applies to fruit bats as well). The deal is that the tendon of the muscle that flexes the claw passes through a tough sheath that consists of 19-50 rings, oriented at an angle so that the inside surface is ridged. So there's some ratchet-action going on in the sheath that holds the claw in a grasping position even after the muscle has relaxed, and it's the tension on that tendon from the body weight that holds the ratchet in place. When the bat wants to move, the tension is released and therefore the claw releases its hold. So basically, the clenched position is the \"at rest\" position, and the releasing of the foot is the part that takes energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you haven't yet, I highly suggest you make a trip over to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\">Oakland Zoo\u003c/a> to see these highly captivating animals for yourself. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In honor of Halloween this month, Quest offers up a short story on bats. But these are not your screeching, swarming, bloodsucking Hollywood movie bats.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457834558,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":531},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes for Cool Critters: Fruit Bats | KQED","description":"In honor of Halloween this month, Quest offers up a short story on bats. But these are not your screeching, swarming, bloodsucking Hollywood movie bats.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes for Cool Critters: Fruit Bats","datePublished":"2008-10-14T19:30:37.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-13T02:02:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"880 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=880","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/10/14/reporters-notes-for-cool-critters-fruit-bats/","disqusTitle":"Producer's Notes for Cool Critters: Fruit Bats","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-U4-gmQSig","path":"/quest/880/reporters-notes-for-cool-critters-fruit-bats","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In honor of Halloween this month, QUEST offers up a short story on bats. But these are not your screeching, swarming, bloodsucking Hollywood movie bats. No... just like you can choose to make a cute, happy jack-o-lantern or a scary jack-o-lantern, you can also choose to do a story about cute fruit-eating bats instead of their less attractive cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we visited zookeeper Andrea Dougall at the Oakland Zoo to learn about their Malayan and Island Flying Fox. Both are a type of fruit bat, and I couldn’t readily see the difference between them. There are many fascinating things that Andrea taught us about these bats that we couldn't fit into our two minute segment (and honestly, this producer wouldn't mind making a half hour special on these critters!). For instance, they have a lot of blood vessels in their wing tissue, so they make excellent thermo-regulators. If the bat is cold, he wraps himself up in his wings so that the heat from his blood vessels can keep him warm. Likewise, when it's hot out the bats flap their wings to cool off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Andrea told us that bats are the only mammals that can have sustained flight by flapping their wings, someone said \"but what about the flying squirrel?\" Nope-- they glide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These bats don't actually swallow the fruit that they eat, instead they chew it into small pieces, push it up against the roof of their mouth to ring out the juice, which they then swallow, and spit out the leftovers. This is something that Andrea reminded me of when I told her I'd like to take one of these cute critters home as a pet... the amount of rotten fruit pulp that you have to pick up is really unappealing. Plus, of course, it would be illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the most intriguing thing to me is the simple fact that these animals spend all of their time hanging upside down. I asked Andrea about that too-- how is it possible that they wouldn't experience some sort of leg fatigue and let go of their grip? She told me what's in the scientific literature on other kinds of bats (and we're assuming it applies to fruit bats as well). The deal is that the tendon of the muscle that flexes the claw passes through a tough sheath that consists of 19-50 rings, oriented at an angle so that the inside surface is ridged. So there's some ratchet-action going on in the sheath that holds the claw in a grasping position even after the muscle has relaxed, and it's the tension on that tendon from the body weight that holds the ratchet in place. When the bat wants to move, the tension is released and therefore the claw releases its hold. So basically, the clenched position is the \"at rest\" position, and the releasing of the foot is the part that takes energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you haven't yet, I highly suggest you make a trip over to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\">Oakland Zoo\u003c/a> to see these highly captivating animals for yourself. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/880/reporters-notes-for-cool-critters-fruit-bats","authors":["10193"],"series":["quest_3299"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_280","quest_24","quest_1149","quest_1306","quest_3351","quest_2032","quest_2048","quest_12289","quest_6657"],"featImg":"quest_882","label":"quest_3299"},"quest_17445":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17445","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17445","score":null,"sort":[1224004020000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"cool-critters-fruit-bats","title":"Cool Critters: Fruit Bats","publishDate":1224004020,"format":"video","headTitle":"Cool Critters | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3299,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Flying Foxes are a type of fruit bat - they subsist mainly on fruit juice which they obtain by squeezing pieces of the fruit pulp in their mouths. QUEST visits the Oakland Zoo to meet their Malayan & Island Flying Foxes and find out more about these fascinating and charismatic critters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/10/14/reporters-notes-for-cool-critters-fruit-bats/\" target=\"_blank\">Malayan & Island Flying Foxes and this video\u003c/a> with the Producer's Notes.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Flying Foxes are a type of fruit bat - they subsist mainly off fruit juice which they obtain by squeezing pieces of the fruit pulp in their mouths. Quest visits the Oakland Zoo to meet their Malayan & Island Flying Foxes and find out more about these fascinating and charismatic critters.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457829136,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":68},"headData":{"title":"Cool Critters: Fruit Bats | KQED","description":"Flying Foxes are a type of fruit bat - they subsist mainly off fruit juice which they obtain by squeezing pieces of the fruit pulp in their mouths. Quest visits the Oakland Zoo to meet their Malayan & Island Flying Foxes and find out more about these fascinating and charismatic critters.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Cool Critters: Fruit Bats","datePublished":"2008-10-14T17:07:00.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-13T00:32:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"17445 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/cool-critters-fruit-bats/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/10/14/cool-critters-fruit-bats/","disqusTitle":"Cool Critters: Fruit Bats","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-U4-gmQSig","path":"/quest/17445/cool-critters-fruit-bats","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Flying Foxes are a type of fruit bat - they subsist mainly on fruit juice which they obtain by squeezing pieces of the fruit pulp in their mouths. QUEST visits the Oakland Zoo to meet their Malayan & Island Flying Foxes and find out more about these fascinating and charismatic critters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/10/14/reporters-notes-for-cool-critters-fruit-bats/\" target=\"_blank\">Malayan & Island Flying Foxes and this video\u003c/a> with the Producer's Notes.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17445/cool-critters-fruit-bats","authors":["10190","10193"],"series":["quest_3299"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_280","quest_10801","quest_3351","quest_3317","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2893"],"label":"quest_3299"},"quest_255":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_255","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"255","score":null,"sort":[1193362282000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fur-is-flying-bay-area-bats-in-peril","title":"Fur is Flying - Bay Area Bats* in peril","publishDate":1193362282,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Look! Up in the night sky! It's a bird! It's a bloodsucker! No, it is a beneficial friend, the bat!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/blog_mumbaby.jpg\">\u003c/span>Bats have been around for about 50 million years and are among the earth's oldest animals: they also are some of the most misunderstood. Because they are nocturnal and strange looking, people have associated bats with \u003cem>evil things\u003c/em> for centuries. Nothing could be further from the truth. In fact, bats play a very important role in the economic and environmental health of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In rain forests and deserts, bats are some of the most important pollinators of plants. Without bat pollinators, the wild varieties of many foods we eat: avocados, bananas, cashews, mangoes and peaches couldn't grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fruit eating bats spread seeds as they fly and digest. As natural insect controls, they can't be beat. One bat can eat up to 600 mosquitoes in one hour!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are nearly 1000 species of bats worldwide, most of which live in tropical regions, like our very own Flying Foxes at The Oakland Zoo. Forty three species live in the US. In fact, almost a quarter of the world's mammals are bats! Bats are the only mammal that can fly and are in a special order called Chiroptera, which means \"Hand wing.\" Bat wings are actually membranes of skin that stretch between their hands and legs. Bats give birth to helpless young and are breast fed milk by their mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nine Bay Area counties are a veritable haven for bats. To join the ranks of bat-watchers, head to a favorite outdoor spot at sunset anytime between May and October. Visit Sunol Regional Wilderness, Tilden Regional Park, or Foothills Open Space Preserve. Stroll the campuses at Berkeley or Stanford, or the beach at Bolinas, Pescadero, or Fort Funston. Sit beside one of the lakes in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park or find an open spot in downtown Martinez. The shadows you see in flight may be any of 14 species found in the Bay Area--from the ubiquitous little brown, big brown, or Mexican free-tailed bats, to the diminutive western pipistrelles and sparrow-sized hoary bats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past 150 years, as development has altered the California landscape, bats have faced the loss of roosting sites and the destruction of woodlands and waterways where they feed. Like birds, bats have been devastated by the use of pesticides that kill off their prey, contaminate water sources, and accumulate in their body tissues. Our beneficial friends are in trouble! You can help California bats by putting up bat houses, or joining a conservation group like Bat Conservation International \u003ca href=\"http://www.batcon.org\">www.batcon.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out \u003ca href=\"http://flyingfur.typepad.com\">http://flyingfur.typepad.com\u003c/a> for more bat blogging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*\u003cstrong>Editor's note\u003c/strong>: This is not to be confused with \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/bayareabites\">Bay Area Bites\u003c/a>,\" KQED's award-winning food and wine blog, which is going strong.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_amyg.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Amy Gotliffe\u003c/strong> is Conservation Manager at \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"The Oakland Zoo\">The Oakland Zoo\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\"> latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.7502\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-122.148\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443831434,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":498},"headData":{"title":"Fur is Flying - Bay Area Bats* in peril | KQED","description":"Look! Up in the night sky! It's a bird! It's a bloodsucker! No, it is a beneficial friend, the bat! Bats have been around for about 50 million years and are among the earth's oldest animals: they also are some of the most misunderstood. Because they are nocturnal and strange looking, people have associated bats","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Fur is Flying - Bay Area Bats* in peril","datePublished":"2007-10-26T01:31:22.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-03T00:17:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"255 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2007/10/25/fur-is-flying-bay-area-bats-in-peril/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/10/25/fur-is-flying-bay-area-bats-in-peril/","disqusTitle":"Fur is Flying - Bay Area Bats* in peril","path":"/quest/255/fur-is-flying-bay-area-bats-in-peril","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Look! Up in the night sky! It's a bird! It's a bloodsucker! No, it is a beneficial friend, the bat!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/blog_mumbaby.jpg\">\u003c/span>Bats have been around for about 50 million years and are among the earth's oldest animals: they also are some of the most misunderstood. Because they are nocturnal and strange looking, people have associated bats with \u003cem>evil things\u003c/em> for centuries. Nothing could be further from the truth. In fact, bats play a very important role in the economic and environmental health of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In rain forests and deserts, bats are some of the most important pollinators of plants. Without bat pollinators, the wild varieties of many foods we eat: avocados, bananas, cashews, mangoes and peaches couldn't grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fruit eating bats spread seeds as they fly and digest. As natural insect controls, they can't be beat. One bat can eat up to 600 mosquitoes in one hour!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are nearly 1000 species of bats worldwide, most of which live in tropical regions, like our very own Flying Foxes at The Oakland Zoo. Forty three species live in the US. In fact, almost a quarter of the world's mammals are bats! Bats are the only mammal that can fly and are in a special order called Chiroptera, which means \"Hand wing.\" Bat wings are actually membranes of skin that stretch between their hands and legs. Bats give birth to helpless young and are breast fed milk by their mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nine Bay Area counties are a veritable haven for bats. To join the ranks of bat-watchers, head to a favorite outdoor spot at sunset anytime between May and October. Visit Sunol Regional Wilderness, Tilden Regional Park, or Foothills Open Space Preserve. Stroll the campuses at Berkeley or Stanford, or the beach at Bolinas, Pescadero, or Fort Funston. Sit beside one of the lakes in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park or find an open spot in downtown Martinez. The shadows you see in flight may be any of 14 species found in the Bay Area--from the ubiquitous little brown, big brown, or Mexican free-tailed bats, to the diminutive western pipistrelles and sparrow-sized hoary bats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past 150 years, as development has altered the California landscape, bats have faced the loss of roosting sites and the destruction of woodlands and waterways where they feed. Like birds, bats have been devastated by the use of pesticides that kill off their prey, contaminate water sources, and accumulate in their body tissues. Our beneficial friends are in trouble! You can help California bats by putting up bat houses, or joining a conservation group like Bat Conservation International \u003ca href=\"http://www.batcon.org\">www.batcon.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out \u003ca href=\"http://flyingfur.typepad.com\">http://flyingfur.typepad.com\u003c/a> for more bat blogging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*\u003cstrong>Editor's note\u003c/strong>: This is not to be confused with \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/bayareabites\">Bay Area Bites\u003c/a>,\" KQED's award-winning food and wine blog, which is going strong.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_amyg.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Amy Gotliffe\u003c/strong> is Conservation Manager at \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"The Oakland Zoo\">The Oakland Zoo\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\"> latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.7502\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-122.148\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/255/fur-is-flying-bay-area-bats-in-peril","authors":["10178"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_280","quest_585","quest_24","quest_3351","quest_1586","quest_2024","quest_2349","quest_2530","quest_3220"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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