window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={"attachmentsReducer":{"audio_0":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_0","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"}}},"audio_1":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_1","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"}}},"audio_2":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_2","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"}}},"audio_3":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_3","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"}}},"audio_4":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_4","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"}}},"placeholder":{"type":"attachments","id":"placeholder","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-160x96.jpg","width":160,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-800x478.jpg","width":800,"height":478,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1020x610.jpg","width":1020,"height":610,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-960x574.jpg","width":960,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-240x143.jpg","width":240,"height":143,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-375x224.jpg","width":375,"height":224,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-520x311.jpg","width":520,"height":311,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-e1514998105161.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148}}},"quest_51981":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_51981","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"51981","found":true},"title":"Image of Sun through a Sunspotter telescope","publishDate":1365096222,"status":"inherit","parent":51979,"modified":1365096222,"caption":"Image of Sun through a Sunspotter telescope","credit":null,"description":"Image of Sun through a Sunspotter telescope","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/solarmax-fizzle-or-finale-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/solarmax-fizzle-or-finale-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/solarmax-fizzle-or-finale-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/solarmax-fizzle-or-finale-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/solarmax-fizzle-or-finale-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/solarmax-fizzle-or-finale-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/solarmax-fizzle-or-finale.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"quest_47925":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_47925","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"47925","found":true},"title":"NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory-July 28 2012","publishDate":1355429178,"status":"inherit","parent":47924,"modified":1355429178,"caption":"NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory-July 28 2012","credit":null,"description":"NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory-July 28 2012","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/2012_07_28__23_30_00_channel_304_171_335_title-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/2012_07_28__23_30_00_channel_304_171_335_title-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/2012_07_28__23_30_00_channel_304_171_335_title-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/2012_07_28__23_30_00_channel_304_171_335_title-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/2012_07_28__23_30_00_channel_304_171_335_title-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/2012_07_28__23_30_00_channel_304_171_335_title-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/2012_07_28__23_30_00_channel_304_171_335_title.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"quest_46174":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_46174","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"46174","found":true},"title":"alphacentauri-bb-j2","publishDate":1350508927,"status":"inherit","parent":46173,"modified":1350508927,"caption":"Artist concept of Alpha Centauri Bb","credit":null,"description":"Artist concept of Alpha Centauri Bb","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/alphacentauri-bb-j2-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/alphacentauri-bb-j2-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/alphacentauri-bb-j2-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/alphacentauri-bb-j2-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/alphacentauri-bb-j2-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/alphacentauri-bb-j2-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/alphacentauri-bb-j2.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"quest_43154":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_43154","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"43154","found":true},"title":"607A_BlackHoles_generic2","publishDate":1346192266,"status":"inherit","parent":43132,"modified":1346192266,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_generic2-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_generic2-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_generic2-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_generic2-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_generic2-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_generic2-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_generic2.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"quest_43650":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_43650","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"43650","found":true},"title":"RBA_Orion_H2T_scaled","publishDate":1346990329,"status":"inherit","parent":43614,"modified":1346990329,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/RBA_Orion_H2T_scaled-400x217.jpg","width":400,"height":217,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/RBA_Orion_H2T_scaled-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/RBA_Orion_H2T_scaled-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/RBA_Orion_H2T_scaled-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/RBA_Orion_H2T_scaled-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/RBA_Orion_H2T_scaled-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/RBA_Orion_H2T_scaled.jpg","width":640,"height":347}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"quest_40852":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_40852","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"40852","found":true},"title":"Crossection of Titan's subsurface ocean","publishDate":1342042466,"status":"inherit","parent":40851,"modified":1342042466,"caption":"Crossection of Titan's subsurface ocean","credit":null,"description":"Crossection of Titan's subsurface ocean","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/titansocean-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/titansocean-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/titansocean-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/titansocean-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/titansocean-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/titansocean-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/titansocean.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"quest_40317":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_40317","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"40317","found":true},"title":"NuStar","publishDate":1340929784,"status":"inherit","parent":40314,"modified":1340929784,"caption":"An artist's rendering of the NuStar telescope in space. (Image: NASA)","credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/NuStar-400x226.jpg","width":400,"height":226,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/NuStar-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/NuStar-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/NuStar-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/NuStar-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/NuStar-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/NuStar.jpg","width":640,"height":361}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"amy-miller":{"type":"authors","id":"209","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"209","found":true},"name":"Amy Miller","firstName":"Amy","lastName":"Miller","slug":"amy-miller","email":"amiller@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Amy Miller is a documentary filmmaker and the Supervising Producer and Partner at Spine Films, a boutique production company specializing in science, natural history and art content. Prior to joining the Spine team, she worked at KQED as the Series Producer of “QUEST”, a multimedia science and environment series. She was also a staff producer for two other KQED series, “SPARK” and “Independent View.” For her work in television, she’s earned multiple honors including ten Emmy awards and two AAAS Kavli Science Journalism awards. Feature Producer/ Director credits include “Saving Otter 501” for PBS NATURE and “Let All the Stories Be Told” which aired as part of KQED’s “Truly California” series.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/149e57c35ff69bf71c66389cd72ef943?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Amy Miller | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/149e57c35ff69bf71c66389cd72ef943?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/149e57c35ff69bf71c66389cd72ef943?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/amy-miller"},"laurensommer":{"type":"authors","id":"239","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"239","found":true},"name":"Lauren Sommer","firstName":"Lauren","lastName":"Sommer","slug":"laurensommer","email":"lsommer@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Lauren is a radio reporter formerly covering environment, water, and energy for KQED Science. As part of her day job, she has scaled Sierra Nevada peaks, run from charging elephant seals, and desperately tried to get her sea legs - all in pursuit of good radio. Her work has appeared on Marketplace, Living on Earth, Science Friday and NPR's Morning Edition and All Things Considered. You can find her on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesommer\">@lesommer\u003c/a>.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor","manage_content_types","manage_taxonomies"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lauren Sommer | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/laurensommer"},"sheraz-sadiq":{"type":"authors","id":"6176","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6176","found":true},"name":"Sheraz Sadiq","firstName":"Sheraz","lastName":"Sadiq","slug":"sheraz-sadiq","email":"ssadiq@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Sheraz Sadiq is an Emmy Award-winning producer at San Francisco PBS affiliate KQED. In 2012, he received the AAAS Kavli Science Journalism award for a story he produced about the seismic retrofit of the Hetch Hetchy water delivery system which serves the San Francisco Bay Area. In addition to producing television content for KQED Science, he has also created online features and written news articles on scientific subjects ranging from astronomy to synthetic biology.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9731b29e144af1965b0b7eaa56555561?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["leadcoordinator","editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sheraz Sadiq | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9731b29e144af1965b0b7eaa56555561?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9731b29e144af1965b0b7eaa56555561?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/sheraz-sadiq"},"ben-burress":{"type":"authors","id":"6180","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6180","found":true},"name":"Ben Burress","firstName":"Ben","lastName":"Burress","slug":"ben-burress","email":"bburress@chabotspace.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"\u003cstrong>Benjamin Burress\u003c/strong> has been a staff astronomer at Chabot Space & Science Center since July 1999. He graduated from Sonoma State University in 1985 with a bachelor’s degree in physics (and minor in astronomy), after which he signed on for a two-year stint in the Peace Corps, where he taught physics and mathematics in the African nation of Cameroon. From 1989-96 he served on the crew of NASA’s Kuiper Airborne Observatory at Ames Research Center in Mountain View, CA. From 1996-99, he was Head Observer at the Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer program at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, AZ.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/ben-burress/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ben Burress | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ben-burress"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_51979":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_51979","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"51979","score":null,"sort":[1365174011000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"solar-maximum-fizzle-finale-or-yet-to-come","title":"Solar Maximum: Fizzle, or Finale Yet to Come?","publishDate":1365174011,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51981\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/05/solar-maximum-fizzle-finale-or-yet-to-come/solarmax-fizzle-or-finale/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51981\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-51981\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/solarmax-fizzle-or-finale.jpg\" alt=\"Image of Sun through a Sunspotter telescope\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/solarmax-fizzle-or-finale.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/solarmax-fizzle-or-finale-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image of sun through a Sunspotter Telescope\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thinking back through my life, I recall four times when I took notice of sunspots one way or another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 1980 when I was in the 12th grade, I remember seeing them in solar images I projected from my 4-inch Astroscan telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in 1991, when I worked in an aircraft hangar at NASA/Ames Research Center, I remember walking by a disk of light on the floor and realizing that it was an image of the sun projected from a hole in the hangar roof—making the entire hangar a giant pinhole camera. The disk was several inches across, and in it I saw sunspots once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, around the time that I started working at Chabot Space & Science Center, I made a regular activity of sharing the spotty sun with visitors, teachers, and summer camp kids alike, using Sunspotter Telescopes, pinhole projectors, and filtered telescopes. Again, the spotty sun was raised in my awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now in 2013, we have spots once again!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pattern was always there for me to notice: 1980, 1991, 2002, 2013. \u003ca title=\"Solar Cycle\" href=\"http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/scycle.html\" target=\"_blank\">See it?\u003c/a> I didn't, until in recent years, because noticing the regular pattern of the appearance of sunspots over time requires that you notice the times when the sun isn't so spotty. During those times, the sun simply fell from my attention because there wasn't much to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you've been following the sun lately, you're aware that we're somewhere in the midst of Solar Maximum: that season in the solar cycle of greatest magnetic activity when sunspots and other related magnetic events like solar flares and coronal mass ejections are frequent and pronounced. On average, Solar Maximum comes every 11 years, reaching a singular high in magnetic activity and then relaxing toward Solar Minimum. By the original predictions, Solar Maximum was expected to peak around May of 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, except for a sharp spike in activity in late 2011, all of 2012 fell below par, appearing on graphs as if Solar Maximum climaxed a year early and is now on the way out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did it fizzle, ending unexpectedly early -- and after a performance that fell short of the anticipated mark?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or perhaps...with a light drum roll...is the drop in activity we've observed lately only a brief calm before a spectacular resurgence?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some have suggested that we have experienced a tepid Solar Maximum that simply didn't meet market expectations, \u003ca title=\"Solar Maximum Double Peak\" href=\"http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2013/01mar_twinpeaks/\" target=\"_blank\">another explanation is afoot\u003c/a>: the sun is getting ready to deal out a \"double peak\" Solarmax, with the second peak getting ready to ramp up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this is the case, Solarmax has yet to give us its finale fireworks display, which we could expect later this year and perhaps crackling on into 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A double-peak Solar Maximum isn't a novelty, as it turns out. In fact, the last two of them (back in 2001/2002, and before that in 1990/1991) exhibited similar behavior. Why? We're still working on the answer to that, but the double-tap maximum may be a result of the sun's two hemispheres, north and south, reaching Solar Maximum at slightly different times. Currently, it appears that the sun's southern hemisphere is lagging behind the north in activity—and maybe getting ready to make up for lost time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're wondering what all this magnetic activity on the sun actually looks like, come up to Chabot Space & Science Center and see for yourself. Our new exhibition, \u003ca title=\"Touch the Sun at Chabot Space & Science Center\" href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/touch-the-sun.htm\" target=\"_blank\">\"Touch the Sun\"\u003c/a> features fully interactive movies of solar activity on a 90-inch color television.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Has the sun's predicted Solar Maximum in magnetic activity ended early and after a disappointing performance--or is it getting ready to delivery a spectacular finale and a double-peak Solarmax?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366389104,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":616},"headData":{"title":"Solar Maximum: Fizzle, or Finale Yet to Come? | KQED","description":"Has the sun's predicted Solar Maximum in magnetic activity ended early and after a disappointing performance--or is it getting ready to delivery a spectacular finale and a double-peak Solarmax?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"51979 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=51979","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/05/solar-maximum-fizzle-finale-or-yet-to-come/","disqusTitle":"Solar Maximum: Fizzle, or Finale Yet to Come?","path":"/quest/51979/solar-maximum-fizzle-finale-or-yet-to-come","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51981\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/05/solar-maximum-fizzle-finale-or-yet-to-come/solarmax-fizzle-or-finale/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51981\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-51981\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/solarmax-fizzle-or-finale.jpg\" alt=\"Image of Sun through a Sunspotter telescope\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/solarmax-fizzle-or-finale.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/solarmax-fizzle-or-finale-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image of sun through a Sunspotter Telescope\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thinking back through my life, I recall four times when I took notice of sunspots one way or another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 1980 when I was in the 12th grade, I remember seeing them in solar images I projected from my 4-inch Astroscan telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in 1991, when I worked in an aircraft hangar at NASA/Ames Research Center, I remember walking by a disk of light on the floor and realizing that it was an image of the sun projected from a hole in the hangar roof—making the entire hangar a giant pinhole camera. The disk was several inches across, and in it I saw sunspots once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, around the time that I started working at Chabot Space & Science Center, I made a regular activity of sharing the spotty sun with visitors, teachers, and summer camp kids alike, using Sunspotter Telescopes, pinhole projectors, and filtered telescopes. Again, the spotty sun was raised in my awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now in 2013, we have spots once again!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pattern was always there for me to notice: 1980, 1991, 2002, 2013. \u003ca title=\"Solar Cycle\" href=\"http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/scycle.html\" target=\"_blank\">See it?\u003c/a> I didn't, until in recent years, because noticing the regular pattern of the appearance of sunspots over time requires that you notice the times when the sun isn't so spotty. During those times, the sun simply fell from my attention because there wasn't much to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you've been following the sun lately, you're aware that we're somewhere in the midst of Solar Maximum: that season in the solar cycle of greatest magnetic activity when sunspots and other related magnetic events like solar flares and coronal mass ejections are frequent and pronounced. On average, Solar Maximum comes every 11 years, reaching a singular high in magnetic activity and then relaxing toward Solar Minimum. By the original predictions, Solar Maximum was expected to peak around May of 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, except for a sharp spike in activity in late 2011, all of 2012 fell below par, appearing on graphs as if Solar Maximum climaxed a year early and is now on the way out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did it fizzle, ending unexpectedly early -- and after a performance that fell short of the anticipated mark?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or perhaps...with a light drum roll...is the drop in activity we've observed lately only a brief calm before a spectacular resurgence?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some have suggested that we have experienced a tepid Solar Maximum that simply didn't meet market expectations, \u003ca title=\"Solar Maximum Double Peak\" href=\"http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2013/01mar_twinpeaks/\" target=\"_blank\">another explanation is afoot\u003c/a>: the sun is getting ready to deal out a \"double peak\" Solarmax, with the second peak getting ready to ramp up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this is the case, Solarmax has yet to give us its finale fireworks display, which we could expect later this year and perhaps crackling on into 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A double-peak Solar Maximum isn't a novelty, as it turns out. In fact, the last two of them (back in 2001/2002, and before that in 1990/1991) exhibited similar behavior. Why? We're still working on the answer to that, but the double-tap maximum may be a result of the sun's two hemispheres, north and south, reaching Solar Maximum at slightly different times. Currently, it appears that the sun's southern hemisphere is lagging behind the north in activity—and maybe getting ready to make up for lost time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're wondering what all this magnetic activity on the sun actually looks like, come up to Chabot Space & Science Center and see for yourself. Our new exhibition, \u003ca title=\"Touch the Sun at Chabot Space & Science Center\" href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/touch-the-sun.htm\" target=\"_blank\">\"Touch the Sun\"\u003c/a> features fully interactive movies of solar activity on a 90-inch color television.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/51979/solar-maximum-fizzle-finale-or-yet-to-come","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_13192","quest_544","quest_11518","quest_2705","quest_2827","quest_11878"],"featImg":"quest_51981","label":"quest"},"quest_47924":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_47924","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"47924","score":null,"sort":[1355500826000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"touch-the-sun-at-chabot-space-science-center","title":"Touch the Sun at Chabot Space & Science Center ","publishDate":1355500826,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47925\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/12/14/touch-the-sun-at-chabot-space-science-center/2012_07_28__23_30_00_channel_304_171_335_title/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-47925\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/2012_07_28__23_30_00_channel_304_171_335_title.jpg\" alt=\"Ultraviolet image of the SUn, NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory-July 28 2012\" title=\"Ultraviolet image of the SUn, NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory-July 28 2012\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-47925\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/2012_07_28__23_30_00_channel_304_171_335_title.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/2012_07_28__23_30_00_channel_304_171_335_title-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ultraviolet image of the Sun, NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory-July 28 2012\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just in time for the imminent event of Solar Maximum, when the sun reaches a crescendo in its 11-year cycle of magnetic activity and all the sunspots, solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and other magnetic mayhem that comes with it, Chabot Space & Science Center is opening a new solar exhibition that features the latest in stunning ultraviolet satellite imagery from \u003ca href=\"http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/\" title=\"NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory\" target=\"_blank\">NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory!\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibition \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/touch-the-sun.htm\" title=\"Touch the Sun at Chabot\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Touch the Sun\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\" will open on December 22nd—because we figure since the world is NOT ending on December 21st, might as well celebrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory, which you will have heard me ramble on about if you're a regular reader of these blogs, is one of the latest and most advanced space-borne solar observatories and has been revealing the wonders of the sun since 2010 as we've never seen them before. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/solarmin-max.html\" title=\"Solar Maximum versus Solar Minimum\" target=\"_blank\">Solar Maximum\u003c/a> is in progress as I type and is expected to reach a peak sometime in early 2013. But, as with weather, we won't know exactly when the peak will occur until after it's passed and solar activity begins to relax again, sloping off toward Solar Minimum in the years to come. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SunspotCycle.shtml\" title=\"The Solar Cycle\" target=\"_blank\">11-year solar cycle\u003c/a> has been known of for a few hundred years now, practically since the time when observers first were able to make routine counts of sunspots using telescopes. Galileo is attributed with being one of the first to make regular observations of sunspots, recording their positions, sizes, shapes, and numbers regularly. After decades of observations by different astronomers a pattern in the rise and fall of sunspot numbers was detected: a fairly regular peak-and-trough pattern over time, with the peak sunspot numbers separated by about 11 years on average. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not known at first what \u003ca href=\"http://www.windows2universe.org/sun/images/sunspots_earth_size_big_jpg_image.html\" title=\"Sunspot\" target=\"_blank\">sunspots\u003c/a> are, but they were eventually identified as effects caused by the presence of strong magnetic fields at the sun's visible surface. Once we began sending scientific instruments into space, outside of Earth's light-obscuring atmosphere, we learned that there is a lot more going on than merely dark spots making cyclical appearances. Observations of the sun's ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma rays showed us the sun's intensely hot atmosphere and regions of magnetic activity surging up from within the sun -- marking its surface with sunspots on its way out and looping and arcing far outward into space. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sun is mostly a giant sphere of hydrogen and helium plasma (ionized gas) with an enormous thermonuclear reactor at its core, where pressure and temperature are great enough to cause nuclear fusion, hydrogen nuclei are fused together to form helium nuclei, then release energy in the process -- the same process that powers hydrogen bombs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy liberated at the sun's core makes its way outward, eventually, through various layers of the sun's interior. (One of my opening questions that I put to kids visiting Chabot is, \"Why is the sun like an ogre?\" Answer: \"It has layers.\" Don't get it? The kids do -- at least, those who have seen the movie Shrek.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its final sprint upward to the sun's visible surface, solar plasma rises in enormous, high-speed updrafts called convection cells, with a typical cell being close to the size of a state like California. The motion of all that plasma -- which is essentially electrified gas -- generates magnetic fields, much as the circulating electric current in an electromagnet's coil does. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's where sunspots, \u003ca href=\"http://planetsave.com/2012/12/01/super-solar-flares-20-times-more-powerful-than-any-known-in-modern-times-are-possible-on-the-sun-research-finds/\" title=\"Solar Flare\" target=\"_blank\">solar flares\u003c/a>, space weather storms and the solar cycle itself come in: they are all effects of the dynamic, ever-lively dance of magnetism generated by the swirling, twisting motions of solar plasma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings me back to the soon-to-open \u003cem>Touch the Sun\u003c/em> exhibition at Chabot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you've enjoyed your favorite movie or TV show or a Superbowl game on a nice big high-def plasma TV, you ain't seen nothin' yet. Come experience the biggest and most awesomely stunning plasma display around: the sun. You'll not only get to play with the sun's ogre-like layers, you'll get to play with the stuff of the sun itself: with a 20-inch plasma globe you can pull your own filaments of plasma like electric pizza dough and with a 3-foot \"Ferro-fluid\" dish you can sculpt your own sunspots with a magnet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So (punchline alert), come to Chabot on (or after) December 22nd and touch the sun. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Just in time for the imminent event of Solar Maximum, Chabot Space & Science Center is opening a new solar exhibition that features the latest in stunning ultraviolet satellite imagery from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory!","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370998180,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":768},"headData":{"title":"Touch the Sun at Chabot Space & Science Center | KQED","description":"Just in time for the imminent event of Solar Maximum, Chabot Space & Science Center is opening a new solar exhibition that features the latest in stunning ultraviolet satellite imagery from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory!","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"47924 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=47924","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/12/14/touch-the-sun-at-chabot-space-science-center/","disqusTitle":"Touch the Sun at Chabot Space & Science Center ","path":"/quest/47924/touch-the-sun-at-chabot-space-science-center","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47925\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/12/14/touch-the-sun-at-chabot-space-science-center/2012_07_28__23_30_00_channel_304_171_335_title/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-47925\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/2012_07_28__23_30_00_channel_304_171_335_title.jpg\" alt=\"Ultraviolet image of the SUn, NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory-July 28 2012\" title=\"Ultraviolet image of the SUn, NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory-July 28 2012\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-47925\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/2012_07_28__23_30_00_channel_304_171_335_title.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/12/2012_07_28__23_30_00_channel_304_171_335_title-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ultraviolet image of the Sun, NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory-July 28 2012\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just in time for the imminent event of Solar Maximum, when the sun reaches a crescendo in its 11-year cycle of magnetic activity and all the sunspots, solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and other magnetic mayhem that comes with it, Chabot Space & Science Center is opening a new solar exhibition that features the latest in stunning ultraviolet satellite imagery from \u003ca href=\"http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/\" title=\"NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory\" target=\"_blank\">NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory!\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibition \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/touch-the-sun.htm\" title=\"Touch the Sun at Chabot\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Touch the Sun\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\" will open on December 22nd—because we figure since the world is NOT ending on December 21st, might as well celebrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory, which you will have heard me ramble on about if you're a regular reader of these blogs, is one of the latest and most advanced space-borne solar observatories and has been revealing the wonders of the sun since 2010 as we've never seen them before. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/solarmin-max.html\" title=\"Solar Maximum versus Solar Minimum\" target=\"_blank\">Solar Maximum\u003c/a> is in progress as I type and is expected to reach a peak sometime in early 2013. But, as with weather, we won't know exactly when the peak will occur until after it's passed and solar activity begins to relax again, sloping off toward Solar Minimum in the years to come. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SunspotCycle.shtml\" title=\"The Solar Cycle\" target=\"_blank\">11-year solar cycle\u003c/a> has been known of for a few hundred years now, practically since the time when observers first were able to make routine counts of sunspots using telescopes. Galileo is attributed with being one of the first to make regular observations of sunspots, recording their positions, sizes, shapes, and numbers regularly. After decades of observations by different astronomers a pattern in the rise and fall of sunspot numbers was detected: a fairly regular peak-and-trough pattern over time, with the peak sunspot numbers separated by about 11 years on average. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not known at first what \u003ca href=\"http://www.windows2universe.org/sun/images/sunspots_earth_size_big_jpg_image.html\" title=\"Sunspot\" target=\"_blank\">sunspots\u003c/a> are, but they were eventually identified as effects caused by the presence of strong magnetic fields at the sun's visible surface. Once we began sending scientific instruments into space, outside of Earth's light-obscuring atmosphere, we learned that there is a lot more going on than merely dark spots making cyclical appearances. Observations of the sun's ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma rays showed us the sun's intensely hot atmosphere and regions of magnetic activity surging up from within the sun -- marking its surface with sunspots on its way out and looping and arcing far outward into space. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sun is mostly a giant sphere of hydrogen and helium plasma (ionized gas) with an enormous thermonuclear reactor at its core, where pressure and temperature are great enough to cause nuclear fusion, hydrogen nuclei are fused together to form helium nuclei, then release energy in the process -- the same process that powers hydrogen bombs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy liberated at the sun's core makes its way outward, eventually, through various layers of the sun's interior. (One of my opening questions that I put to kids visiting Chabot is, \"Why is the sun like an ogre?\" Answer: \"It has layers.\" Don't get it? The kids do -- at least, those who have seen the movie Shrek.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its final sprint upward to the sun's visible surface, solar plasma rises in enormous, high-speed updrafts called convection cells, with a typical cell being close to the size of a state like California. The motion of all that plasma -- which is essentially electrified gas -- generates magnetic fields, much as the circulating electric current in an electromagnet's coil does. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's where sunspots, \u003ca href=\"http://planetsave.com/2012/12/01/super-solar-flares-20-times-more-powerful-than-any-known-in-modern-times-are-possible-on-the-sun-research-finds/\" title=\"Solar Flare\" target=\"_blank\">solar flares\u003c/a>, space weather storms and the solar cycle itself come in: they are all effects of the dynamic, ever-lively dance of magnetism generated by the swirling, twisting motions of solar plasma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings me back to the soon-to-open \u003cem>Touch the Sun\u003c/em> exhibition at Chabot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you've enjoyed your favorite movie or TV show or a Superbowl game on a nice big high-def plasma TV, you ain't seen nothin' yet. Come experience the biggest and most awesomely stunning plasma display around: the sun. You'll not only get to play with the sun's ogre-like layers, you'll get to play with the stuff of the sun itself: with a 20-inch plasma globe you can pull your own filaments of plasma like electric pizza dough and with a 3-foot \"Ferro-fluid\" dish you can sculpt your own sunspots with a magnet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So (punchline alert), come to Chabot on (or after) December 22nd and touch the sun. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/47924/touch-the-sun-at-chabot-space-science-center","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_13192","quest_544","quest_545","quest_13202","quest_2827"],"featImg":"quest_47925","label":"quest"},"quest_46704":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_46704","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"46704","score":null,"sort":[1351868407000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ten-random-astro-facts-to-entertain-and-boggle","title":"Ten Random Astro-Facts to Entertain and Boggle","publishDate":1351868407,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46709\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/02/ten-random-astro-facts-to-entertain-and-boggle/beyondthesky-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46709\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/beyondthesky1.jpg\" alt=\"From a Flammarion woodcut, unknown artist.\" title=\"From a Flammarion woodcut, unknown artist.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-46709\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/beyondthesky1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/beyondthesky1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From a Flammarion woodcut, unknown artist.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I decided that instead of blogging on just one topic in astronomy, I'd blog about ten of them! Here are some of the astronomy fun facts from my archive that struck my fancy today, randomly chosen and in no particular order:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. \u003cem>In the city we can see maybe a few dozen stars on a \"dark” night—still, there are about 2000 stars overhead that are within our eye's ability to see, if only the skies were darker!\u003c/em> The total \u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/24310/how-many-stars-can-you-see/\" title=\"How many stars can you see?\" target=\"_blank\">number of individual stars perceptible\u003c/a> by the human eye, in all directions in space, is around 6000, give or take depending on how good your eyesight and night vision are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. \u003cem>In terms of size, the Earth is over 6 million times larger than a human being; compared to a typical atom, a human is over 20 billion times larger!\u003c/em> Our personal scale in the universe is a lot closer that of even the vast Earth we live on than to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.factmonster.com/dk/encyclopedia/atoms.html\" title=\"How big is an atom?\" target=\"_blank\">atoms that make us\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NQwIJJtJ8E\" title=\"Ten largest known stars\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>The largest known star\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, \u003cem>the red supergiant NML Cygni, is approximately 1650 times the diameter of our sun, or over 1.4 billion miles across!\u003c/em> Placed where our sun is, this star would swallow up all the planets closer to the sun than Saturn—and Saturn itself would practically skim the star's surface!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. \u003cem>In about 5 billion years a day on Earth will be 48 hours long and the sun will start to run out of fuel.\u003c/em> So, yes, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/18/the-once-and-future-earth/\" title=\"The Once and Future Earth\" target=\"_blank\">we live on a planet\u003c/a> orbiting a star, both of which are slowly winding down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>5. \u003cem>Television transmissions from the earliest TV broadcasts have traveled over\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.haydenplanetarium.org/universe/duguide/mwt_radio_sphere.php\" title=\"The Radio Sphere\" target=\"_blank\">70 light years into space\u003c/a> \u003cem>and have passed through over 500 star systems, many with known planets.\u003c/em> I Love Lucy original broadcasts are at this moment reaching other planets!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>6. \u003cem>There is roughly the same number of stars in the universe as water molecules in a drop of water.\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/11/21/stars-and-sand-grains/\" title=\"Stars and Sandgrains\" target=\"_blank\">This kind of fact\u003c/a> always turns my attention away from how big the universe is to how ridiculously small its constituent parts are. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>7. \u003cem>The old Greek word for \"comet” is \"disaster”. It means literally \"bad star.” Many cultures regarded the appearance of a comet in the skies a bad omen or harbinger of doom.\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://nineplanets.org/comets.html\" title=\"Comets\" target=\"_blank\">Have you seen a disaster lately?\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>8. \u003cem>The moon may be 400 times smaller than the sun, but since it's 400 times closer to us they appear exactly the same size! What a coincidence.\u003c/em> Since the moon was once much closer to Earth, and will in the future get much farther away (at a rate of mere inches per year), it is a bit of a coincidence, really. But, of course, it was \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/02/luna-nova-moon-of-the-cretaceous-skies/\" title=\"Luna Nova\" target=\"_blank\">bound to pass through this state\u003c/a> at some point, and the only real coincidence is that we are alive at present to remark on it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>9. \u003cem>The most distant object in the Universe perceivable to the unaided human eye is the\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1112/\" title=\"Hubble views of the Andromeda Galaxy\" target=\"_blank\">Andromeda Galaxy\u003c/a>, \u003cem>about 2.5 million light years away! That's 15 billion billion miles!\u003c/em> Everything else we can see without a telescope is a lot closer to us!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>10. \u003cem>Imagine taking the entire Earth and everything in it and crushing it to a mere point in space, infinitely smaller than a grain of sand. \u003c/em> This idea may be beyond imagination, but it's not beyond nature. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/what-is-a-black-hole-k4.html\" title=\"Black Holes\" target=\"_blank\">Black holes\u003c/a> are points in space where the mass of entire stars, and even millions or billions of stars, has collapsed. Kind of makes one re-think what solid matter actually means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the list goes on. What a privilege to exist in a reality where such mind-boggling facts absolutely abound!\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"I decided that instead of blogging on just one topic in astronomy, I'd blog about ten of them!","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370998279,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":628},"headData":{"title":"Ten Random Astro-Facts to Entertain and Boggle | KQED","description":"I decided that instead of blogging on just one topic in astronomy, I'd blog about ten of them!","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"46704 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=46704","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/02/ten-random-astro-facts-to-entertain-and-boggle/","disqusTitle":"Ten Random Astro-Facts to Entertain and Boggle","path":"/quest/46704/ten-random-astro-facts-to-entertain-and-boggle","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46709\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/02/ten-random-astro-facts-to-entertain-and-boggle/beyondthesky-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46709\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/beyondthesky1.jpg\" alt=\"From a Flammarion woodcut, unknown artist.\" title=\"From a Flammarion woodcut, unknown artist.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-46709\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/beyondthesky1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/beyondthesky1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From a Flammarion woodcut, unknown artist.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I decided that instead of blogging on just one topic in astronomy, I'd blog about ten of them! Here are some of the astronomy fun facts from my archive that struck my fancy today, randomly chosen and in no particular order:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. \u003cem>In the city we can see maybe a few dozen stars on a \"dark” night—still, there are about 2000 stars overhead that are within our eye's ability to see, if only the skies were darker!\u003c/em> The total \u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/24310/how-many-stars-can-you-see/\" title=\"How many stars can you see?\" target=\"_blank\">number of individual stars perceptible\u003c/a> by the human eye, in all directions in space, is around 6000, give or take depending on how good your eyesight and night vision are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. \u003cem>In terms of size, the Earth is over 6 million times larger than a human being; compared to a typical atom, a human is over 20 billion times larger!\u003c/em> Our personal scale in the universe is a lot closer that of even the vast Earth we live on than to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.factmonster.com/dk/encyclopedia/atoms.html\" title=\"How big is an atom?\" target=\"_blank\">atoms that make us\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NQwIJJtJ8E\" title=\"Ten largest known stars\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>The largest known star\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, \u003cem>the red supergiant NML Cygni, is approximately 1650 times the diameter of our sun, or over 1.4 billion miles across!\u003c/em> Placed where our sun is, this star would swallow up all the planets closer to the sun than Saturn—and Saturn itself would practically skim the star's surface!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. \u003cem>In about 5 billion years a day on Earth will be 48 hours long and the sun will start to run out of fuel.\u003c/em> So, yes, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/18/the-once-and-future-earth/\" title=\"The Once and Future Earth\" target=\"_blank\">we live on a planet\u003c/a> orbiting a star, both of which are slowly winding down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>5. \u003cem>Television transmissions from the earliest TV broadcasts have traveled over\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.haydenplanetarium.org/universe/duguide/mwt_radio_sphere.php\" title=\"The Radio Sphere\" target=\"_blank\">70 light years into space\u003c/a> \u003cem>and have passed through over 500 star systems, many with known planets.\u003c/em> I Love Lucy original broadcasts are at this moment reaching other planets!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>6. \u003cem>There is roughly the same number of stars in the universe as water molecules in a drop of water.\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/11/21/stars-and-sand-grains/\" title=\"Stars and Sandgrains\" target=\"_blank\">This kind of fact\u003c/a> always turns my attention away from how big the universe is to how ridiculously small its constituent parts are. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>7. \u003cem>The old Greek word for \"comet” is \"disaster”. It means literally \"bad star.” Many cultures regarded the appearance of a comet in the skies a bad omen or harbinger of doom.\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://nineplanets.org/comets.html\" title=\"Comets\" target=\"_blank\">Have you seen a disaster lately?\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>8. \u003cem>The moon may be 400 times smaller than the sun, but since it's 400 times closer to us they appear exactly the same size! What a coincidence.\u003c/em> Since the moon was once much closer to Earth, and will in the future get much farther away (at a rate of mere inches per year), it is a bit of a coincidence, really. But, of course, it was \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/02/luna-nova-moon-of-the-cretaceous-skies/\" title=\"Luna Nova\" target=\"_blank\">bound to pass through this state\u003c/a> at some point, and the only real coincidence is that we are alive at present to remark on it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>9. \u003cem>The most distant object in the Universe perceivable to the unaided human eye is the\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1112/\" title=\"Hubble views of the Andromeda Galaxy\" target=\"_blank\">Andromeda Galaxy\u003c/a>, \u003cem>about 2.5 million light years away! That's 15 billion billion miles!\u003c/em> Everything else we can see without a telescope is a lot closer to us!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>10. \u003cem>Imagine taking the entire Earth and everything in it and crushing it to a mere point in space, infinitely smaller than a grain of sand. \u003c/em> This idea may be beyond imagination, but it's not beyond nature. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/what-is-a-black-hole-k4.html\" title=\"Black Holes\" target=\"_blank\">Black holes\u003c/a> are points in space where the mass of entire stars, and even millions or billions of stars, has collapsed. Kind of makes one re-think what solid matter actually means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the list goes on. What a privilege to exist in a reality where such mind-boggling facts absolutely abound!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/46704/ten-random-astro-facts-to-entertain-and-boggle","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_13192","quest_544","quest_11583","quest_13202","quest_11582"],"label":"quest"},"quest_46173":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_46173","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"46173","score":null,"sort":[1350658812000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"found-in-space-exoplanet-alpha-centauri-bb","title":"Found In Space: Exoplanet Alpha Centauri Bb","publishDate":1350658812,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46174\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/19/found-in-space-exoplanet-alpha-centauri-bb/alphacentauri-bb-j2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46174\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-46174\" title=\"alphacentauri-bb-j2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/alphacentauri-bb-j2.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of Alpha Centauri Bb\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/alphacentauri-bb-j2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/alphacentauri-bb-j2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of Alpha Centauri Bb\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you've been keeping up on the now very frequent reports of new extrasolar planet discoveries, here's a news flash: an Earth-sized exoplanet has been found orbiting the nearest star!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's called Alpha Centauri Bb and orbits one of the pair of main stars that make up the Alpha Centauri system, Alpha Centauri B. (I heard that if you mention a name three times, people will remember it, so there you are. Either that or Michael Keaton shows up wearing a lot of make-up.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alpha Centauri system is famous for several reasons, some popular, some more esoteric. First and most famously, it is celebrated as the closest star to our solar system: 4.3 light years, or a mere 25 trillion miles. But the fact that it is actually a system of three stars complicates this distinction a bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two main stars, Alpha Centauri A and B, orbit each other every 80 years at a mutual distance ranging from the sun-Saturn and sun-Pluto distances (roughly 3 billion and 4 billion miles, respectively). Alpha Centauri A is about 10% more massive than our sun, and B is about 10% less weighty. The pair's combined luminosity and nearness in space make them the third brightest \"star\" in the night sky (from Earth they are seen as a single star).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third star of the trio is Alpha Centauri C (aka Proxima Centauri). And though C is a red dwarf star and not visible to the unaided human eye, being a fifth of a light year closer to us than the A-B pair makes Proxima officially the closest star to our solar system. (Which is a bit ironic since it's not naked-eye visible!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newly found planet, \u003ca title=\"Facts and figures for Alpha Centauri Bb\" href=\"http://news.discovery.com/space/infographic-alpha-centauri-earth-sized-exoplanet-121017.html\" target=\"_blank\">Alpha Centauri Bb\u003c/a>, will not have an Earth-like environment to offer us. It is less than 4 million miles from its star and takes only 3.2 days to orbit it once. Its surface temperature is estimated to be 1200 degrees C. The planet is, however, very Earth-like in terms of its size: about 1.13 times the mass of the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the more esoteric claim to fame: Alpha Centauri was the fictional destination of the Space Family Robinson on the 60's television show \"\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_in_Space\" target=\"_blank\">Lost In Space\u003c/a>\"--in fact, it was the name used for the actual planet they were headed for. Alpha Centauri; Alpha Centauri Bb. Hmm. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifty years after the Robinson's took off on their great misadventure, have we found the planet they were headed for? Probably not, considering Alpha Centauri Bb's surface temperature would melt all of their ship's aluminum fittings, but the find does demonstrate that planets are to be found around the nearest star, opening up the possibility for a more Earth-like landing site sometime in the future…if the Robinsons ever finally find their way to Alpha Centauri!\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If you've been keeping up on the now very frequent reports of new extrasolar planet discoveries, here's a news flash: an Earth-sized exoplanet has been found orbiting the nearest star!ei","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370998312,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":498},"headData":{"title":"Found In Space: Exoplanet Alpha Centauri Bb | KQED","description":"If you've been keeping up on the now very frequent reports of new extrasolar planet discoveries, here's a news flash: an Earth-sized exoplanet has been found orbiting the nearest star!ei","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"46173 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=46173","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/19/found-in-space-exoplanet-alpha-centauri-bb/","disqusTitle":"Found In Space: Exoplanet Alpha Centauri Bb","path":"/quest/46173/found-in-space-exoplanet-alpha-centauri-bb","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46174\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/19/found-in-space-exoplanet-alpha-centauri-bb/alphacentauri-bb-j2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46174\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-46174\" title=\"alphacentauri-bb-j2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/alphacentauri-bb-j2.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of Alpha Centauri Bb\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/alphacentauri-bb-j2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/alphacentauri-bb-j2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of Alpha Centauri Bb\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you've been keeping up on the now very frequent reports of new extrasolar planet discoveries, here's a news flash: an Earth-sized exoplanet has been found orbiting the nearest star!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's called Alpha Centauri Bb and orbits one of the pair of main stars that make up the Alpha Centauri system, Alpha Centauri B. (I heard that if you mention a name three times, people will remember it, so there you are. Either that or Michael Keaton shows up wearing a lot of make-up.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alpha Centauri system is famous for several reasons, some popular, some more esoteric. First and most famously, it is celebrated as the closest star to our solar system: 4.3 light years, or a mere 25 trillion miles. But the fact that it is actually a system of three stars complicates this distinction a bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two main stars, Alpha Centauri A and B, orbit each other every 80 years at a mutual distance ranging from the sun-Saturn and sun-Pluto distances (roughly 3 billion and 4 billion miles, respectively). Alpha Centauri A is about 10% more massive than our sun, and B is about 10% less weighty. The pair's combined luminosity and nearness in space make them the third brightest \"star\" in the night sky (from Earth they are seen as a single star).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third star of the trio is Alpha Centauri C (aka Proxima Centauri). And though C is a red dwarf star and not visible to the unaided human eye, being a fifth of a light year closer to us than the A-B pair makes Proxima officially the closest star to our solar system. (Which is a bit ironic since it's not naked-eye visible!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newly found planet, \u003ca title=\"Facts and figures for Alpha Centauri Bb\" href=\"http://news.discovery.com/space/infographic-alpha-centauri-earth-sized-exoplanet-121017.html\" target=\"_blank\">Alpha Centauri Bb\u003c/a>, will not have an Earth-like environment to offer us. It is less than 4 million miles from its star and takes only 3.2 days to orbit it once. Its surface temperature is estimated to be 1200 degrees C. The planet is, however, very Earth-like in terms of its size: about 1.13 times the mass of the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the more esoteric claim to fame: Alpha Centauri was the fictional destination of the Space Family Robinson on the 60's television show \"\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_in_Space\" target=\"_blank\">Lost In Space\u003c/a>\"--in fact, it was the name used for the actual planet they were headed for. Alpha Centauri; Alpha Centauri Bb. Hmm. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifty years after the Robinson's took off on their great misadventure, have we found the planet they were headed for? Probably not, considering Alpha Centauri Bb's surface temperature would melt all of their ship's aluminum fittings, but the find does demonstrate that planets are to be found around the nearest star, opening up the possibility for a more Earth-like landing site sometime in the future…if the Robinsons ever finally find their way to Alpha Centauri!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/46173/found-in-space-exoplanet-alpha-centauri-bb","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_11539","quest_11540","quest_13192","quest_544","quest_1037","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_46174","label":"quest"},"quest_43132":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_43132","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"43132","score":null,"sort":[1348597251000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"black-holes-objects-of-attraction","title":"Black Holes: Objects of Attraction","publishDate":1348597251,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Ever since Princeton physicist John Wheeler coined the term nearly 50 years ago, black holes have evoked a sense of mystery and wonder for astronomers and space enthusiasts. But unlike comets, stars and other beautiful objects in the night sky, black holes can't actually be seen - they trap light, after all. From this infinitely dark void, myths and misconceptions have taken flight, spurred by the sci-fi depictions of black holes as cold cosmic villains with a bottomless appetite for nearby planets, stars and mighty spacecrafts whizzing through the galaxy at warp speed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43212\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_6-14-12_AFilippenko1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_6-14-12_AFilippenko1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"607A_BlackHoles_6-14-12_AFilippenko\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43212\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alex Filippenko, a professor of astronomy at UC Berkeley, during his interview at Chabot Space & Science Ctr. Image courtesy of C.K. Hickey / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Watching sci-fi movies is fun in part because as a scientist, I like to try to find out what’s wrong with it. On the other hand, you know, some of what we used to think was sci-fi became reality,\" said Alex Filippenko, a UC Berkeley professor of astronomy who has been studying and hunting black holes for 30 years. He also teaches one of the most popular classes at UC Berkeley, an introduction to astronomy course which attracts thousands of students a year, many of whom are non-science majors. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Filippenko helped debunk for me some of the fanciful myths about black holes, including the ability to travel through time by surfing a 'wormhole', a theoretical portal which connects two black holes and leads to another universe. He told me, \"People sometimes think that by jumping into a black hole you can travel backward in time. But that’s not really possible because after you jump into the black hole, you’ll get crushed or vaporized.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43189\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_generic1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_generic1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"607A_BlackHoles_generic1\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43189\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist's illustration of a black hole. Image courtesy of European Space Agency, NASA and F. Mirabel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even though black holes don't behave like the celestial monsters with insatiable appetites they're sometimes caricatured to be, there is still plenty of wonder and unanswered questions about them to satisfy astronomers for years to come. For example, scientists have distinguished between two major classes of black holes - stellar black holes (also known as stellar-mass black holes) and supermassive black holes. The former are roughly six to 30 times the mass of the sun and the latter are a whopping million to billions of times the mass of the sun. So are there \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate-mass_black_hole\" title=\"Wikipedia entry on Intermediate-mass black holes\">intermediate-mass black holes\u003c/a>, on the order of hundreds to thousands of times the mass of the sun? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quite possibly, yes. In August, a team from Keio University in Japan announced their discovery of a region of space 30,000 light years away which they suspect might contain young, intermediate-mass black holes. One of these black hole candidates is nearby Sagittarius A*, a supermassive black hole which lurks at the center of our Milky Way galaxy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as I mentioned in my story on black holes, simply accumulating the observational evidence to infer the existence of a black hole is a daunting and time-consuming process. It took two separate teams of astronomers years to estimate the mass of Sagittarius A* (four million times the mass of the sun) from meticulous calculations of its gravitational effects on orbiting stars. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43216\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_FHarrison.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_FHarrison-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"607A_BlackHoles_FHarrison\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fiona Harrison, the Principal Investigator on the NuSTAR project, inside mission control at the UC Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory. Image courtesy of Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nustar.caltech.edu/\">NuSTAR\u003c/a>, a NASA telescope about the size of a large fridge which launched in June, can much more nimbly and swiftly detect the presence of black holes by viewing, with its sophisticated optics, the glow of high-energy x-rays emitted from the vicinity of black holes currently hidden behind thickets of cosmic dust and gas. Caltech's Fiona Harrison, the Principal Investigator, explained how the NuSTAR telescope will beam its observational results to the the team of astronomers, physicists and engineers who've toiled diligently to ensure the success of this low-cost, high-impact mission. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Four times a day, NuSTAR will send its data down to a ground station, in Malindi, Kenya...and the data from these surveys comes down to scientists around the world. We take this data and we turn it into images; we look in these images for pinpoints of X-ray light. Each one will be a hallmark of a black hole. NuSTAR will see hundreds and hundreds of black holes,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison and her colleague, William Craig, spent ten years working on NuSTAR, in part because the technology didn't exist at the time to focus high-energy x-rays - the kind used in dental and medical offices - emitted from cosmic sources billions of light years away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this, Craig and his team took 4,000 pieces of glass twice the thickness of a human hair and stacked them in a nested array which greatly increased the surface area for reflecting the high-energy x-rays onto NuSTAR's digital detector 33 feet away from its lens. But to even get the pieces of glass to reflect the x-rays was a feat of ingenuity, requiring 17 months of research and the use of nanotechnology to coat the surface of the glass with hundreds of layers of nanoparticles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Looking for black holes has always been kind of like looking for a needle in a haystack,\" Craig said. \"But looking with these X-rays just like a medical X-ray can look through your skin and see the bone, it’s like looking through the haystack to see the needle. It’s like the haystack’s not there,\" he added. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43298\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_WCraig.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_WCraig-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"607A_BlackHoles_WCraig\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43298\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NuSTAR Instrument Manager William Craig. Image courtesy of Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In late July, the NuSTAR team announced that the telescope had successfully taken its first images of the black hole Cygnus X-1 and had participated in joint observations with the Keck and the Chandra telescopes of Sagittarius A*. In addition, NuSTAR has also made observations of the \"optically brightest quasar in the sky\", located more than two billion light years away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More observations and excitement are sure to follow on the heels of NuSTAR's observations, from quasars to stars orbiting powerful black holes and the cosmic ashes of supernova explosions which can seed the universe with these space oddities that have perplexed and intrigued the sharpest minds in astronomy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"NuStar is gonna find all kinds of black holes in the centers of galaxies that might be otherwise hidden from our perspective by a bunch of other gas...This is gonna revolutionize the study of black holes in our universe,\" said Alex Filippenko. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you'd like to learn more about black holes and test your knowledge about these space oddities, be sure to check out this neat interactive feature produced by former QUEST content intern C.K. Hickey. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/20120816_nustar_ch/20120802_nustar_ch.html] \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Black holes have been the stuff of science fiction since their discovery in the late sixties. But now a new, nimble NASA telescope is using its powerful x-ray vision to hunt for these abundant yet invisible, massive space oddities. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457566919,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1158},"headData":{"title":"Black Holes: Objects of Attraction | KQED","description":"Black holes have been the stuff of science fiction since their discovery in the late sixties. But now a new, nimble NASA telescope is using its powerful x-ray vision to hunt for these abundant yet invisible, massive space oddities. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"43132 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=43132","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/25/black-holes-objects-of-attraction/","disqusTitle":"Black Holes: Objects of Attraction","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mq1hpELP2lk","path":"/quest/43132/black-holes-objects-of-attraction","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ever since Princeton physicist John Wheeler coined the term nearly 50 years ago, black holes have evoked a sense of mystery and wonder for astronomers and space enthusiasts. But unlike comets, stars and other beautiful objects in the night sky, black holes can't actually be seen - they trap light, after all. From this infinitely dark void, myths and misconceptions have taken flight, spurred by the sci-fi depictions of black holes as cold cosmic villains with a bottomless appetite for nearby planets, stars and mighty spacecrafts whizzing through the galaxy at warp speed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43212\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_6-14-12_AFilippenko1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_6-14-12_AFilippenko1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"607A_BlackHoles_6-14-12_AFilippenko\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43212\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alex Filippenko, a professor of astronomy at UC Berkeley, during his interview at Chabot Space & Science Ctr. Image courtesy of C.K. Hickey / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Watching sci-fi movies is fun in part because as a scientist, I like to try to find out what’s wrong with it. On the other hand, you know, some of what we used to think was sci-fi became reality,\" said Alex Filippenko, a UC Berkeley professor of astronomy who has been studying and hunting black holes for 30 years. He also teaches one of the most popular classes at UC Berkeley, an introduction to astronomy course which attracts thousands of students a year, many of whom are non-science majors. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Filippenko helped debunk for me some of the fanciful myths about black holes, including the ability to travel through time by surfing a 'wormhole', a theoretical portal which connects two black holes and leads to another universe. He told me, \"People sometimes think that by jumping into a black hole you can travel backward in time. But that’s not really possible because after you jump into the black hole, you’ll get crushed or vaporized.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43189\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_generic1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_generic1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"607A_BlackHoles_generic1\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43189\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist's illustration of a black hole. Image courtesy of European Space Agency, NASA and F. Mirabel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even though black holes don't behave like the celestial monsters with insatiable appetites they're sometimes caricatured to be, there is still plenty of wonder and unanswered questions about them to satisfy astronomers for years to come. For example, scientists have distinguished between two major classes of black holes - stellar black holes (also known as stellar-mass black holes) and supermassive black holes. The former are roughly six to 30 times the mass of the sun and the latter are a whopping million to billions of times the mass of the sun. So are there \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate-mass_black_hole\" title=\"Wikipedia entry on Intermediate-mass black holes\">intermediate-mass black holes\u003c/a>, on the order of hundreds to thousands of times the mass of the sun? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quite possibly, yes. In August, a team from Keio University in Japan announced their discovery of a region of space 30,000 light years away which they suspect might contain young, intermediate-mass black holes. One of these black hole candidates is nearby Sagittarius A*, a supermassive black hole which lurks at the center of our Milky Way galaxy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as I mentioned in my story on black holes, simply accumulating the observational evidence to infer the existence of a black hole is a daunting and time-consuming process. It took two separate teams of astronomers years to estimate the mass of Sagittarius A* (four million times the mass of the sun) from meticulous calculations of its gravitational effects on orbiting stars. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43216\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_FHarrison.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_FHarrison-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"607A_BlackHoles_FHarrison\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fiona Harrison, the Principal Investigator on the NuSTAR project, inside mission control at the UC Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory. Image courtesy of Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nustar.caltech.edu/\">NuSTAR\u003c/a>, a NASA telescope about the size of a large fridge which launched in June, can much more nimbly and swiftly detect the presence of black holes by viewing, with its sophisticated optics, the glow of high-energy x-rays emitted from the vicinity of black holes currently hidden behind thickets of cosmic dust and gas. Caltech's Fiona Harrison, the Principal Investigator, explained how the NuSTAR telescope will beam its observational results to the the team of astronomers, physicists and engineers who've toiled diligently to ensure the success of this low-cost, high-impact mission. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Four times a day, NuSTAR will send its data down to a ground station, in Malindi, Kenya...and the data from these surveys comes down to scientists around the world. We take this data and we turn it into images; we look in these images for pinpoints of X-ray light. Each one will be a hallmark of a black hole. NuSTAR will see hundreds and hundreds of black holes,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison and her colleague, William Craig, spent ten years working on NuSTAR, in part because the technology didn't exist at the time to focus high-energy x-rays - the kind used in dental and medical offices - emitted from cosmic sources billions of light years away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this, Craig and his team took 4,000 pieces of glass twice the thickness of a human hair and stacked them in a nested array which greatly increased the surface area for reflecting the high-energy x-rays onto NuSTAR's digital detector 33 feet away from its lens. But to even get the pieces of glass to reflect the x-rays was a feat of ingenuity, requiring 17 months of research and the use of nanotechnology to coat the surface of the glass with hundreds of layers of nanoparticles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Looking for black holes has always been kind of like looking for a needle in a haystack,\" Craig said. \"But looking with these X-rays just like a medical X-ray can look through your skin and see the bone, it’s like looking through the haystack to see the needle. It’s like the haystack’s not there,\" he added. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43298\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_WCraig.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/607A_BlackHoles_WCraig-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"607A_BlackHoles_WCraig\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-43298\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NuSTAR Instrument Manager William Craig. Image courtesy of Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In late July, the NuSTAR team announced that the telescope had successfully taken its first images of the black hole Cygnus X-1 and had participated in joint observations with the Keck and the Chandra telescopes of Sagittarius A*. In addition, NuSTAR has also made observations of the \"optically brightest quasar in the sky\", located more than two billion light years away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More observations and excitement are sure to follow on the heels of NuSTAR's observations, from quasars to stars orbiting powerful black holes and the cosmic ashes of supernova explosions which can seed the universe with these space oddities that have perplexed and intrigued the sharpest minds in astronomy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"NuStar is gonna find all kinds of black holes in the centers of galaxies that might be otherwise hidden from our perspective by a bunch of other gas...This is gonna revolutionize the study of black holes in our universe,\" said Alex Filippenko. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you'd like to learn more about black holes and test your knowledge about these space oddities, be sure to check out this neat interactive feature produced by former QUEST content intern C.K. Hickey. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>null\u003c/p>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/43132/black-holes-objects-of-attraction","authors":["6176"],"categories":["quest_3","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_11404","quest_11400","quest_13192","quest_11398","quest_11401","quest_11399","quest_13","quest_11403","quest_2893","quest_3071","quest_11402"],"featImg":"quest_43154","label":"quest"},"quest_43614":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_43614","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"43614","score":null,"sort":[1347388165000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"your-photos-on-quest-rogelio-bernal-andreo","title":"Your Photos on QUEST: Rogelio Bernal Andreo","publishDate":1347388165,"format":"video","headTitle":"Your Photos on QUEST | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3297,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>When most people look up at the night sky, they might notice the moon or the way a constellation appears on a particular evening. When astrophotographer \u003ca href=\"http://blog.deepskycolors.com/\">Rogelio Bernal Andreo\u003c/a> turns his gaze to the heavens, he holds up a virtual frame, imagining how the different objects present in the sky would combine to form a composition- planets, stars, galaxies and nebulae in relation to one another, rather than as the focal point of a photographic image, displayed front and center in all its wonder and glory. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43622\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/RBA_IC4592v_scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"RBA_IC4592v_scaled\" width=\"640\" height=\"420\" class=\"size-full wp-image-43622\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/RBA_IC4592v_scaled.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/RBA_IC4592v_scaled-400x263.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reflection nebula IC 4592 in the Scorpius constellation. Photo by Rogelio Bernal Andreo\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophotography\">Astrophotographers\u003c/a> are a special breed of artist, possessing a unique type of dedication and technical skill. Unlike traditional photography, capturing a great image of the night sky likely entails hundreds of miles of driving and hiking, thousands of dollars of complicated equipment, many hours of sitting (or sleeping) next to a camera in the middle of the night and even more time manipulating the image on a computer once they’re back at home just to create a single, usable image. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the astrophotographer species are a whole array of subspecies. There are some who photograph \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/your-photos-on-quest-steven-christenson/\">star circles\u003c/a> and the movement of our planet in relation to the objects in space. There are others who only photograph the planets in our solar system and still others who are obsessed with comets streaking across the sky or colorful nebulae or galaxies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogelio Bernal Andreo, based in Sunnyvale, CA, does ‘wide field photography’ of objects in deep space. He describes what he does as taking a picture of the whole forest rather than of a single tree. When he composes an image, he’s often interested in how the different star clusters, planets or nebulae would compliment one another within the frame of a photograph, taking into consideration the interplay of their different sizes, shapes, positions, luminosities and colors. His results are often profoundly successful, eliciting astonished gasps of excitement from viewers as the details in Andreo’s photographs reveal to them the incredible diversity of deep space. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43627\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/2012-04-M81_scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"2012-04-M81_scaled\" width=\"640\" height=\"430\" class=\"size-full wp-image-43627\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/2012-04-M81_scaled.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/2012-04-M81_scaled-400x269.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Messier 81, a spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. Photo by Rogelio Bernal Andreo\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the most common questions the photographer gets from viewers of his images is if the color in his photographs is real. “Absolutely. Absolutely,” he responds emphatically. “There’s that much color out there. We can’t see it because the light is so faint when it reaches us, that we can’t see it. This light has traveled from so far away that when it comes to us, you can’t see the color. But a camera can capture the color. Most of the images that I do are what’s called visible spectrum photography. RGB, red, green and blue photography. I enhance the colors but I don’t change the colors. So in my pictures you can definitely say that those are the colors of these objects.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nothing captures the range and depth of color in the visible universe quite as much as nebulae. This may be why there’s such a disproportionate number of nebula images on Andreo’s website, aptly called, “\u003ca href=\"http://blog.deepskycolors.com/\">Deep Sky Colors\u003c/a>”. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My interest for nebulas it’s mainly aesthetic, just because well, they’re, they’re beautiful and they’re really colorful,” he explains. “There are two types of nebulas, mainly, the emission nebula and reflection nebula. Emission nebulas are formed of gas and reflection nebulas are formed from the dust and they reflect the light from nearby stars. And this combination of colors and shapes and the fact that you can really capture them in a wide field image is what attracts me the most.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43632\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/mb_2011-11_Simeis147_scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"mb_2011-11_Simeis147_scaled\" width=\"640\" height=\"344\" class=\"size-full wp-image-43632\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/mb_2011-11_Simeis147_scaled.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/mb_2011-11_Simeis147_scaled-400x215.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Simeis 147, a supernova remnant in the constellations of Taurus and Auriga. Photo by Rogelio Bernal Andreo\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After looking at dozens of Rogelio Bernal Andreo’s images, many of them \u003ca href=\"http://blog.deepskycolors.com/archive/2010/09/20/milestones-and-Accolades.html\">award-winners in reputable astrophotography contests\u003c/a>, I was shocked to learn that he’s only been doing this for five years. To do this kind of photography, one must be persistent and willing to fail. A lot. Most importantly, an astrophotographer must be patient and curious about the universe. Andreo takes his passion a step further because he’s driven also by the desire to share his discoveries in order to inspire others, especially kids. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By getting into astrophotography, of course, I get also into astronomy, into learning a little bit more of the universe,” he says. “And I like to entertain. My pictures are for people to enjoy and look at them. I think it also helps the younger audience to be interested in astronomy. And if a 13-year old kid in his room surfing the web sees one of my pictures and that kind sparks their interest, who knows? I mean, maybe he ends up being an astronomer because of those pictures that he saw one day. And if only that happens once or twice, that makes it really worthwhile.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Astrophotographer Rogelio Bernal Andreo's colorful wide field images of deep sky objects like galaxies, nebulae, star clusters has garnered him dozens of photography awards including the Royal Observatory of Greenwich's 2010 Best Astrophotographer of the Year. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457566375,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":863},"headData":{"title":"Your Photos on QUEST: Rogelio Bernal Andreo | KQED","description":"Astrophotographer Rogelio Bernal Andreo's colorful wide field images of deep sky objects like galaxies, nebulae, star clusters has garnered him dozens of photography awards including the Royal Observatory of Greenwich's 2010 Best Astrophotographer of the Year. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"43614 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=43614","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/11/your-photos-on-quest-rogelio-bernal-andreo/","disqusTitle":"Your Photos on QUEST: Rogelio Bernal Andreo","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nsyj67Vcck","path":"/quest/43614/your-photos-on-quest-rogelio-bernal-andreo","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When most people look up at the night sky, they might notice the moon or the way a constellation appears on a particular evening. When astrophotographer \u003ca href=\"http://blog.deepskycolors.com/\">Rogelio Bernal Andreo\u003c/a> turns his gaze to the heavens, he holds up a virtual frame, imagining how the different objects present in the sky would combine to form a composition- planets, stars, galaxies and nebulae in relation to one another, rather than as the focal point of a photographic image, displayed front and center in all its wonder and glory. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43622\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/RBA_IC4592v_scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"RBA_IC4592v_scaled\" width=\"640\" height=\"420\" class=\"size-full wp-image-43622\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/RBA_IC4592v_scaled.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/RBA_IC4592v_scaled-400x263.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reflection nebula IC 4592 in the Scorpius constellation. Photo by Rogelio Bernal Andreo\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophotography\">Astrophotographers\u003c/a> are a special breed of artist, possessing a unique type of dedication and technical skill. Unlike traditional photography, capturing a great image of the night sky likely entails hundreds of miles of driving and hiking, thousands of dollars of complicated equipment, many hours of sitting (or sleeping) next to a camera in the middle of the night and even more time manipulating the image on a computer once they’re back at home just to create a single, usable image. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the astrophotographer species are a whole array of subspecies. There are some who photograph \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/your-photos-on-quest-steven-christenson/\">star circles\u003c/a> and the movement of our planet in relation to the objects in space. There are others who only photograph the planets in our solar system and still others who are obsessed with comets streaking across the sky or colorful nebulae or galaxies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogelio Bernal Andreo, based in Sunnyvale, CA, does ‘wide field photography’ of objects in deep space. He describes what he does as taking a picture of the whole forest rather than of a single tree. When he composes an image, he’s often interested in how the different star clusters, planets or nebulae would compliment one another within the frame of a photograph, taking into consideration the interplay of their different sizes, shapes, positions, luminosities and colors. His results are often profoundly successful, eliciting astonished gasps of excitement from viewers as the details in Andreo’s photographs reveal to them the incredible diversity of deep space. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43627\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/2012-04-M81_scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"2012-04-M81_scaled\" width=\"640\" height=\"430\" class=\"size-full wp-image-43627\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/2012-04-M81_scaled.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/2012-04-M81_scaled-400x269.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Messier 81, a spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. Photo by Rogelio Bernal Andreo\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the most common questions the photographer gets from viewers of his images is if the color in his photographs is real. “Absolutely. Absolutely,” he responds emphatically. “There’s that much color out there. We can’t see it because the light is so faint when it reaches us, that we can’t see it. This light has traveled from so far away that when it comes to us, you can’t see the color. But a camera can capture the color. Most of the images that I do are what’s called visible spectrum photography. RGB, red, green and blue photography. I enhance the colors but I don’t change the colors. So in my pictures you can definitely say that those are the colors of these objects.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nothing captures the range and depth of color in the visible universe quite as much as nebulae. This may be why there’s such a disproportionate number of nebula images on Andreo’s website, aptly called, “\u003ca href=\"http://blog.deepskycolors.com/\">Deep Sky Colors\u003c/a>”. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My interest for nebulas it’s mainly aesthetic, just because well, they’re, they’re beautiful and they’re really colorful,” he explains. “There are two types of nebulas, mainly, the emission nebula and reflection nebula. Emission nebulas are formed of gas and reflection nebulas are formed from the dust and they reflect the light from nearby stars. And this combination of colors and shapes and the fact that you can really capture them in a wide field image is what attracts me the most.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43632\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/mb_2011-11_Simeis147_scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"mb_2011-11_Simeis147_scaled\" width=\"640\" height=\"344\" class=\"size-full wp-image-43632\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/mb_2011-11_Simeis147_scaled.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/mb_2011-11_Simeis147_scaled-400x215.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Simeis 147, a supernova remnant in the constellations of Taurus and Auriga. Photo by Rogelio Bernal Andreo\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After looking at dozens of Rogelio Bernal Andreo’s images, many of them \u003ca href=\"http://blog.deepskycolors.com/archive/2010/09/20/milestones-and-Accolades.html\">award-winners in reputable astrophotography contests\u003c/a>, I was shocked to learn that he’s only been doing this for five years. To do this kind of photography, one must be persistent and willing to fail. A lot. Most importantly, an astrophotographer must be patient and curious about the universe. Andreo takes his passion a step further because he’s driven also by the desire to share his discoveries in order to inspire others, especially kids. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By getting into astrophotography, of course, I get also into astronomy, into learning a little bit more of the universe,” he says. “And I like to entertain. My pictures are for people to enjoy and look at them. I think it also helps the younger audience to be interested in astronomy. And if a 13-year old kid in his room surfing the web sees one of my pictures and that kind sparks their interest, who knows? I mean, maybe he ends up being an astronomer because of those pictures that he saw one day. And if only that happens once or twice, that makes it really worthwhile.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/43614/your-photos-on-quest-rogelio-bernal-andreo","authors":["209"],"series":["quest_3297"],"categories":["quest_3","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_11431","quest_13192","quest_11427","quest_467","quest_11430","quest_1162","quest_11428","quest_3684","quest_13","quest_2739","quest_11429","quest_2893","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_43650","label":"quest_3297"},"quest_41313":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_41313","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"41313","score":null,"sort":[1343401254000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"do-constellations-change-over-time","title":"Do Constellations Change Over Time?","publishDate":1343401254,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41314\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/27/do-constellations-change-over-time/duckfoot-astrobob/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41314\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-41314\" title=\""The Duck's Foot" - Credit: Astro Bob, created with Stellarium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/duckfoot-astrobob.jpg\" alt=\""The Duck's Foot" - Credit: Astro Bob, created with Stellarium\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/duckfoot-astrobob.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/duckfoot-astrobob-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"The Duck's Foot\" - Credit: Astro Bob, created with Stellarium\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I thought it was time to take a step back from talking about current events in space exploration and dig up one of those astronomical questions I asked in my childhood—back in a time when answers to any question that popped into one's head couldn't be instantly sought via the Internet; one had to find a book, magazine or an astronomy geek who knew more than you did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question: do the constellations—the patterns made by the stars in the night sky—change over time, and if so, how long have they resembled what we see today? The quick answer (which you already might have found on your Internet mobile device) is yes, they do change over time. Far from being the fixed points of light as believed by the ancients, the stars we see, along with the Sun, are in constant motion, each along its own orbital trajectory around the center of mass of our Milky Way Galaxy. They all pretty much circle in the same direction as they revolve in their wide, lengthy galactic orbits, but each star's path is its own, like the orbits of the planets around the Sun. Each star's orbit may be inclined (tilted) with respect to others, and their velocities depend in large part on their distance from the Milky Way center. It's not unlike the cars going in one direction on a freeway: they all speed along in the same direction, but with slight differences in speed and occasional lane changes that result in gradual changes in position (and sometimes not so gradual; I'm talking to you, driver of the red sports car!) relative to any given car. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those slow relative changes in position give each star in our sky a particular \"\u003ca title=\"Proper stellar motion diagram\" href=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Proper_motion.JPG\" target=\"_blank\">proper motion\u003c/a>\"—a change in angular position. The proper motion of most stars is extremely small, measured in milli-arcseconds per year, where an arcsecond is 1/3600 of a degree, and of course milli means a thousandth of that. Hold up your pinky finger at arm's length: the width of your pinky, expressed as an angle, is about one degree, give or take. One degree is 3,600 arcseconds, or 3,600,000 milli-arcseconds. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now for the big reveal: the star with the fastest proper motion in our skies (at this time): \u003ca title=\"Barnard's Star timelapse\" href=\"http://www.backyardastronomer.com/ccd/Barnard_Mortfield_Cancelli_labels.gif\" target=\"_blank\">Barnard's Star\u003c/a>, a small, low-mass red dwarf about 6 light years away in the constellation Ophiuchus, the Snake-holder, just above Scorpio (kind of a creepy section of the sky). It's sometimes called \"Barnard's Runaway Star\" because of its high velocity, a tiny stellar bullet whizzing through our neighborhood on its way to whatever destiny. To give a sense of its physical speed, its radial velocity is about 110 kilometers per second away from us. And the proper motion of Barnard's Star is (drumroll please): 10.3 arcseconds per year. That's 10,300 milli-arcseconds per year—darned fast considering all but the closest stars move at most by a few up to a few hundred milli-arcseconds per year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of the pinky-measure, it would take Barnards' Star about 350 years to move one pinky-width across the sky, relative to the astronomers' fixed coordinate system (there may be no stars with fixed positions, but we can certainly create an imaginary fixed system of coordinate lines!). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the other part of the answer—how long does it take for stellar proper motion to change the patterns we see in the constellations—is: pretty long, especially considering that Barnard's Star is the poster-child of stellar zippity-do-da. (Add to this the fact that Barnard's Star is too faint for the human eye to perceive, anyway!) With even the brightest stars showing less proper motion than Barnard's Star, it's easy to imagine why those ancients saw pretty much the same constellations we see today. Imagine also that a thousand years from now, our distant descendants will regard the same patterns. Whether or not they'll call them the Scorpion, the Snake-holder, the Bull, and the Bear, only time will tell.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Do the constellations—the patterns made by the stars in the night sky—change over time, and if so, how long have they resembled what we see today?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442784347,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":716},"headData":{"title":"Do Constellations Change Over Time? | KQED","description":"Do the constellations—the patterns made by the stars in the night sky—change over time, and if so, how long have they resembled what we see today?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"41313 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=41313","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/27/do-constellations-change-over-time/","disqusTitle":"Do Constellations Change Over Time?","WpOldSlug":"star-traffic-and-rule-of-pinky","path":"/quest/41313/do-constellations-change-over-time","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41314\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/27/do-constellations-change-over-time/duckfoot-astrobob/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41314\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-41314\" title=\""The Duck's Foot" - Credit: Astro Bob, created with Stellarium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/duckfoot-astrobob.jpg\" alt=\""The Duck's Foot" - Credit: Astro Bob, created with Stellarium\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/duckfoot-astrobob.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/duckfoot-astrobob-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"The Duck's Foot\" - Credit: Astro Bob, created with Stellarium\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I thought it was time to take a step back from talking about current events in space exploration and dig up one of those astronomical questions I asked in my childhood—back in a time when answers to any question that popped into one's head couldn't be instantly sought via the Internet; one had to find a book, magazine or an astronomy geek who knew more than you did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question: do the constellations—the patterns made by the stars in the night sky—change over time, and if so, how long have they resembled what we see today? The quick answer (which you already might have found on your Internet mobile device) is yes, they do change over time. Far from being the fixed points of light as believed by the ancients, the stars we see, along with the Sun, are in constant motion, each along its own orbital trajectory around the center of mass of our Milky Way Galaxy. They all pretty much circle in the same direction as they revolve in their wide, lengthy galactic orbits, but each star's path is its own, like the orbits of the planets around the Sun. Each star's orbit may be inclined (tilted) with respect to others, and their velocities depend in large part on their distance from the Milky Way center. It's not unlike the cars going in one direction on a freeway: they all speed along in the same direction, but with slight differences in speed and occasional lane changes that result in gradual changes in position (and sometimes not so gradual; I'm talking to you, driver of the red sports car!) relative to any given car. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those slow relative changes in position give each star in our sky a particular \"\u003ca title=\"Proper stellar motion diagram\" href=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Proper_motion.JPG\" target=\"_blank\">proper motion\u003c/a>\"—a change in angular position. The proper motion of most stars is extremely small, measured in milli-arcseconds per year, where an arcsecond is 1/3600 of a degree, and of course milli means a thousandth of that. Hold up your pinky finger at arm's length: the width of your pinky, expressed as an angle, is about one degree, give or take. One degree is 3,600 arcseconds, or 3,600,000 milli-arcseconds. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now for the big reveal: the star with the fastest proper motion in our skies (at this time): \u003ca title=\"Barnard's Star timelapse\" href=\"http://www.backyardastronomer.com/ccd/Barnard_Mortfield_Cancelli_labels.gif\" target=\"_blank\">Barnard's Star\u003c/a>, a small, low-mass red dwarf about 6 light years away in the constellation Ophiuchus, the Snake-holder, just above Scorpio (kind of a creepy section of the sky). It's sometimes called \"Barnard's Runaway Star\" because of its high velocity, a tiny stellar bullet whizzing through our neighborhood on its way to whatever destiny. To give a sense of its physical speed, its radial velocity is about 110 kilometers per second away from us. And the proper motion of Barnard's Star is (drumroll please): 10.3 arcseconds per year. That's 10,300 milli-arcseconds per year—darned fast considering all but the closest stars move at most by a few up to a few hundred milli-arcseconds per year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of the pinky-measure, it would take Barnards' Star about 350 years to move one pinky-width across the sky, relative to the astronomers' fixed coordinate system (there may be no stars with fixed positions, but we can certainly create an imaginary fixed system of coordinate lines!). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the other part of the answer—how long does it take for stellar proper motion to change the patterns we see in the constellations—is: pretty long, especially considering that Barnard's Star is the poster-child of stellar zippity-do-da. (Add to this the fact that Barnard's Star is too faint for the human eye to perceive, anyway!) With even the brightest stars showing less proper motion than Barnard's Star, it's easy to imagine why those ancients saw pretty much the same constellations we see today. Imagine also that a thousand years from now, our distant descendants will regard the same patterns. Whether or not they'll call them the Scorpion, the Snake-holder, the Bull, and the Bear, only time will tell.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/41313/do-constellations-change-over-time","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_13192","quest_11320","quest_11319","quest_13","quest_2775"],"label":"quest"},"quest_40851":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_40851","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"40851","score":null,"sort":[1342191640000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"deep-dark-waters-of-titan","title":"Deep, Dark Waters of Titan","publishDate":1342191640,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40852\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/13/deep-dark-waters-of-titan/titansocean/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40852\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40852\" title=\"Crossection of Titan and its subsurface ocean\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/titansocean.jpg\" alt=\"Crossection of Titan and its subsurface ocean\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/titansocean.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/titansocean-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crossection of Titan and its subsurface ocean\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just when you thought it was safe to go back in the water, NASA finds \u003cem>another \u003c/em>ocean for us to worry about, this time on Saturn's moon, Titan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funny thing about oceans in the solar system, other than Earth's deep waters, they seem to be popping up where we least expect them: in the outer solar system. Should we change our preconceptions and start expecting them there?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rewind to my childhood, when my fascination with space, and in particular the planets and moons of the solar system, was only tantalized by the distant, fuzzy images collected by Earth-based telescopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking through my small telescope, Jupiter's four Galilean moons were sparks of light, or at best, fuzzy disks showing blotches of light and dark and perhaps a little color taken \"close up\" by the Pioneer spacecraft. This left a lot to the imagination--which was actually part of the fascination. Who might have suspected, looking at the \u003ca title=\"Europa imaged by Pioneer 10\" href=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Pioneer_10_-_p102b.jpg/200px-Pioneer_10_-_p102b.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">blurry whitish fuzz-patch of Europa\u003c/a>, as seen by Pioneer, that there was an ocean hidden under the icy crust tens of miles deep and containing more liquid water than all of Earth's?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Galileo spacecraft eventually obtained images that alluded to the existence of \u003ca title=\"Europa's Ocean\" href=\"http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2011/12/europas-ocean-a-future-nasa-2020-mission-in-search-for-life.html\" target=\"_blank\">Europa's oceans\u003c/a>, scientists explained how heat generated through tidal flexing by Jupiter was the mechanism that kept the waters fluid. Voyager had already revealed that the \u003ca title=\"Io's volcanic activity\" href=\"http://www.solarviews.com/eng/iovolcano.htm\" target=\"_blank\">moon Io\u003c/a> experienced heating that powered its many active volcanoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now there is evidence for another big ocean out there, on Saturn's moon Titan. Titan? Did you hear me right? That outer solar system moon whose atmosphere is so cold that ice is as strong as steel and methane—the stuff that spews out of your gas stove—is in a liquid state? That Titan?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From what the \u003ca title=\"Titan's Ocean\" href=\"http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/newsreleases/newsrelease20120628/\" target=\"_blank\">Cassini spacecraft has reported to us\u003c/a>, the answer is very likely yes, buried deep under Titan's surface. You may ask, how has Cassini detected this hidden ocean's presence? Europa's ocean was inferred by the patterns of cracking in its icy crust, similar to cracks seen on Earth in floating sheets of sea ice. But Titan sports no cracks that we can see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You probably know something about the tides in Earth's oceans caused by the gravitational pull of the moon. (Oh, does it seem like I just completely changed the subject? Read on, I'm getting there.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effect of the moon \"stretching\" the ocean's waters raises two liquid bulges and as Earth's surface rotates into and out of these bulges, we experience the rising and falling of the tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moon actually raises Earth's waters by as much as two feet and in fact Earth's crust itself rises by nearly 20 inches! Earth is stretched oh-so-slightly into the shape of a football.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cassini spacecraft has measured similar tidal deformation in Titan's shape caused by the pull of Saturn's gravity. The extremely sensitive measurements were made during several close fly-bys of Titan over a five-year period. Based on the strength of Saturn's gravity, were Titan a more-or-less solid object, its tidal bulges shouldn't be a departure of more than about three feet. However, Cassini's measurements show a stretching on the order of 30 feet!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inference is that there is a liquid layer beneath Titan's crust--and since the composition of outer solar system objects is heavy on water ice, probably liquid water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly how far below the surface and how deep this ocean is we don't know yet, and while the crust above it is likely quite icy, what surface is to be found at the ocean's floor—icy or rocky--also is unknown. We're a bit fuzzy on those details right now, but it leaves a lot to the imagination.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Just when you thought it was safe to go back in the water, NASA finds another ocean for us to worry about -- this time on Saturn's moon, Titan. \r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370998565,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":662},"headData":{"title":"Deep, Dark Waters of Titan | KQED","description":"Just when you thought it was safe to go back in the water, NASA finds another ocean for us to worry about -- this time on Saturn's moon, Titan. \r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"40851 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=40851","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/13/deep-dark-waters-of-titan/","disqusTitle":"Deep, Dark Waters of Titan","path":"/quest/40851/deep-dark-waters-of-titan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40852\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/13/deep-dark-waters-of-titan/titansocean/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40852\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40852\" title=\"Crossection of Titan and its subsurface ocean\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/titansocean.jpg\" alt=\"Crossection of Titan and its subsurface ocean\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/titansocean.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/titansocean-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crossection of Titan and its subsurface ocean\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just when you thought it was safe to go back in the water, NASA finds \u003cem>another \u003c/em>ocean for us to worry about, this time on Saturn's moon, Titan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funny thing about oceans in the solar system, other than Earth's deep waters, they seem to be popping up where we least expect them: in the outer solar system. Should we change our preconceptions and start expecting them there?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rewind to my childhood, when my fascination with space, and in particular the planets and moons of the solar system, was only tantalized by the distant, fuzzy images collected by Earth-based telescopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking through my small telescope, Jupiter's four Galilean moons were sparks of light, or at best, fuzzy disks showing blotches of light and dark and perhaps a little color taken \"close up\" by the Pioneer spacecraft. This left a lot to the imagination--which was actually part of the fascination. Who might have suspected, looking at the \u003ca title=\"Europa imaged by Pioneer 10\" href=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Pioneer_10_-_p102b.jpg/200px-Pioneer_10_-_p102b.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">blurry whitish fuzz-patch of Europa\u003c/a>, as seen by Pioneer, that there was an ocean hidden under the icy crust tens of miles deep and containing more liquid water than all of Earth's?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Galileo spacecraft eventually obtained images that alluded to the existence of \u003ca title=\"Europa's Ocean\" href=\"http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2011/12/europas-ocean-a-future-nasa-2020-mission-in-search-for-life.html\" target=\"_blank\">Europa's oceans\u003c/a>, scientists explained how heat generated through tidal flexing by Jupiter was the mechanism that kept the waters fluid. Voyager had already revealed that the \u003ca title=\"Io's volcanic activity\" href=\"http://www.solarviews.com/eng/iovolcano.htm\" target=\"_blank\">moon Io\u003c/a> experienced heating that powered its many active volcanoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now there is evidence for another big ocean out there, on Saturn's moon Titan. Titan? Did you hear me right? That outer solar system moon whose atmosphere is so cold that ice is as strong as steel and methane—the stuff that spews out of your gas stove—is in a liquid state? That Titan?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From what the \u003ca title=\"Titan's Ocean\" href=\"http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/newsreleases/newsrelease20120628/\" target=\"_blank\">Cassini spacecraft has reported to us\u003c/a>, the answer is very likely yes, buried deep under Titan's surface. You may ask, how has Cassini detected this hidden ocean's presence? Europa's ocean was inferred by the patterns of cracking in its icy crust, similar to cracks seen on Earth in floating sheets of sea ice. But Titan sports no cracks that we can see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You probably know something about the tides in Earth's oceans caused by the gravitational pull of the moon. (Oh, does it seem like I just completely changed the subject? Read on, I'm getting there.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effect of the moon \"stretching\" the ocean's waters raises two liquid bulges and as Earth's surface rotates into and out of these bulges, we experience the rising and falling of the tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moon actually raises Earth's waters by as much as two feet and in fact Earth's crust itself rises by nearly 20 inches! Earth is stretched oh-so-slightly into the shape of a football.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cassini spacecraft has measured similar tidal deformation in Titan's shape caused by the pull of Saturn's gravity. The extremely sensitive measurements were made during several close fly-bys of Titan over a five-year period. Based on the strength of Saturn's gravity, were Titan a more-or-less solid object, its tidal bulges shouldn't be a departure of more than about three feet. However, Cassini's measurements show a stretching on the order of 30 feet!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inference is that there is a liquid layer beneath Titan's crust--and since the composition of outer solar system objects is heavy on water ice, probably liquid water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly how far below the surface and how deep this ocean is we don't know yet, and while the crust above it is likely quite icy, what surface is to be found at the ocean's floor—icy or rocky--also is unknown. We're a bit fuzzy on those details right now, but it leaves a lot to the imagination.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/40851/deep-dark-waters-of-titan","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_13192","quest_505","quest_544","quest_1027","quest_1164","quest_1492","quest_1918","quest_2034","quest_13202","quest_2513","quest_2936","quest_2937","quest_2947","quest_11240"],"featImg":"quest_40852","label":"quest"},"quest_40314":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_40314","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"40314","score":null,"sort":[1341006334000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"space-telescope-to-begin-search-for-black-holes","title":"Space Telescope to Begin Search for Black Holes","publishDate":1341006334,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/07/2012-07-02-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40317\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/NuStar.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40317\" title=\"NuStar\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/NuStar-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist's rendering of the NuStar telescope in space. (Image: NASA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About two weeks ago, NASA launched the NuStar telescope into space. Scientists on the ground at UC Berkeley are communicating with it, getting it ready for its mission to search the universe for black holes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mission control is a small room on the UC Berkeley campus, where about a dozen people with headsets are glued to their laptops. Every 90 minutes or so, they communicate with NuStar from a ground station as it passes over, flying about 350 miles above the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So on the monitor over there shows the track of NuStar in its orbit,” says Fiona Harrison, principal scientist for the mission. If there’s one word that describes her last few weeks, it’s: “nail-biting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beginning of a space telescope’s life is particularly stressful. The team has to turn on the school-bus-size telescope remotely, step by step, checking the electronics as they go. If all goes well, in a little over a week, the $170 million dollar telescope will begin its hunt for black holes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, we’re not actually seeing the black hole. That’s a common misconception. What you’re actually seeing is the stuff that’s attracted to it,” says Harrison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is a Black Hole?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Theoretically, black holes are really quite simple,” says Alex Filippenko, an astronomy professor at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explain them, he uses a not-so-scientific source: the 1979 Disney movie “The Black Hole.” “It’s a sci-fi movie that has these crewmembers go into a black hole while they’re in a spaceship.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one clip, the crew’s spaceship gets closer to the center of the black hole and they’re inescapably pulled in. Filippenko says that part is true. They’re being drawn in by gravity. “Gravity is enormously important. You can say it’s the sculptor of the universe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WjAWDVaYcA]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throw a tennis ball here on Earth and it falls back to the ground. But shoot a rocket into space and it escapes the planet’s gravity, no problem. That’s because, in the grand scheme of things, the Earth isn’t very big or dense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black holes, on the other hand, form from much bigger objects. When a massive star explodes, the core collapses down into a tiny point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Matter has been compressed so much, that the gravity around it has become really, really strong,” says Filippenko. “Not even light can escape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From here on out, though, the movie gets a few things wrong. The crew flies through the black hole, emerging unscathed into another universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No, I don’t think so. There are all kinds of ways in which you would die a horrible death,” says Filippenko. For one, gravity would rip you apart. “We say that you would be ‘spaghetti-fied.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s another problem. Black holes pull in tons of gas and dust, just like water going down a drain. It swirls faster and faster and gets hotter and hotter. “You would be zapped. You would be vaporized by all the radiation coming from this hot disc of material swirling in,” says Filippenko.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NuStar telescope will be looking for this swirling material. It emits x-ray light, like the kind you find in a doctor’s office. The x-ray images from NuStar will be 10 times crisper than captured ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Black Hole Mysteries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are hoping this will give them more clues about the mysteries surrounding black holes – like how they grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They eat dramatically but rarely,” says Eliot Quataert, astronomy professor at UC Berkeley. He says black holes grow just like we do – by eating. There are millions of black holes around our galaxy, but at the very center, there’s a supermassive black hole that’s eaten quite a bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The misconception that’s out there a little is that black holes are a vacuum cleaner that will inevitably suck in everything around them,” says Quataert. For the most part, black holes are on a forced diet. They’ve already eaten everything close by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But then every once in a while, there will be a lot of gas that gets funneled to the center of a galaxy and the black hole will grow in a big spurt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quataert says seeing this black hole mealtime with the NuStar telescope could reveal more about the extreme physics behind it. That, in turn, can answer questions about how galaxies and solar systems form -- essentially, why our little planet is here at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are conditions that you can’t reproduce anywhere on Earth, so they provide a window into physics that you can’t study in any other way,” says Quataert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Black Hole Belches\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NuStar telescope will also be looking for a strange phenomenon – something made famous by Homer Simpson: burps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can think about this black hole burping as if you’re on a feeding frenzy and you can’t fit that many hot dogs in your mouth,” says Joshua Bloom, an associate professor at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early last year, astronomers noticed a star that had wandered too close to a black hole. “You would see the star getting pulled apart almost like taffy,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it devoured the star, the black hole spit out a huge jet of material – a burp. That might sound weird. Nothing can escape a black hole, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re right. These are sort of the Las Vegas of the universe – what happens in a black hole stays inside of a black hole. But on the outskirts of them, that is where there’s tremendous action,” says Bloom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, astronomers haven’t observed many of these burps and they aren’t exactly sure why they happen. Bloom has his fingers crossed that the NuStar telescope will see more of them. “We are really on the receiving end of this grand experiment in the universe. The real hope is that we find something that hasn't been envisioned yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NuStar mission is expected to last at least two years.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"NASA's newest space telescope, NuStar, will soon begin its hunt for black holes. Scientists are hoping to learn more about how they grow and why they're such messy eaters.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1341603456,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1121},"headData":{"title":"Space Telescope to Begin Search for Black Holes | KQED","description":"NASA's newest space telescope, NuStar, will soon begin its hunt for black holes. Scientists are hoping to learn more about how they grow and why they're such messy eaters.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"40314 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=40314","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/29/space-telescope-to-begin-search-for-black-holes/","disqusTitle":"Space Telescope to Begin Search for Black Holes","path":"/quest/40314/space-telescope-to-begin-search-for-black-holes","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/07/2012-07-02-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/07/2012-07-02-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40317\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/NuStar.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-40317\" title=\"NuStar\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/NuStar-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist's rendering of the NuStar telescope in space. (Image: NASA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About two weeks ago, NASA launched the NuStar telescope into space. Scientists on the ground at UC Berkeley are communicating with it, getting it ready for its mission to search the universe for black holes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mission control is a small room on the UC Berkeley campus, where about a dozen people with headsets are glued to their laptops. Every 90 minutes or so, they communicate with NuStar from a ground station as it passes over, flying about 350 miles above the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So on the monitor over there shows the track of NuStar in its orbit,” says Fiona Harrison, principal scientist for the mission. If there’s one word that describes her last few weeks, it’s: “nail-biting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beginning of a space telescope’s life is particularly stressful. The team has to turn on the school-bus-size telescope remotely, step by step, checking the electronics as they go. If all goes well, in a little over a week, the $170 million dollar telescope will begin its hunt for black holes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, we’re not actually seeing the black hole. That’s a common misconception. What you’re actually seeing is the stuff that’s attracted to it,” says Harrison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is a Black Hole?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Theoretically, black holes are really quite simple,” says Alex Filippenko, an astronomy professor at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explain them, he uses a not-so-scientific source: the 1979 Disney movie “The Black Hole.” “It’s a sci-fi movie that has these crewmembers go into a black hole while they’re in a spaceship.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one clip, the crew’s spaceship gets closer to the center of the black hole and they’re inescapably pulled in. Filippenko says that part is true. They’re being drawn in by gravity. “Gravity is enormously important. You can say it’s the sculptor of the universe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/0WjAWDVaYcA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/0WjAWDVaYcA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throw a tennis ball here on Earth and it falls back to the ground. But shoot a rocket into space and it escapes the planet’s gravity, no problem. That’s because, in the grand scheme of things, the Earth isn’t very big or dense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black holes, on the other hand, form from much bigger objects. When a massive star explodes, the core collapses down into a tiny point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Matter has been compressed so much, that the gravity around it has become really, really strong,” says Filippenko. “Not even light can escape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From here on out, though, the movie gets a few things wrong. The crew flies through the black hole, emerging unscathed into another universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No, I don’t think so. There are all kinds of ways in which you would die a horrible death,” says Filippenko. For one, gravity would rip you apart. “We say that you would be ‘spaghetti-fied.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s another problem. Black holes pull in tons of gas and dust, just like water going down a drain. It swirls faster and faster and gets hotter and hotter. “You would be zapped. You would be vaporized by all the radiation coming from this hot disc of material swirling in,” says Filippenko.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NuStar telescope will be looking for this swirling material. It emits x-ray light, like the kind you find in a doctor’s office. The x-ray images from NuStar will be 10 times crisper than captured ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Black Hole Mysteries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are hoping this will give them more clues about the mysteries surrounding black holes – like how they grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They eat dramatically but rarely,” says Eliot Quataert, astronomy professor at UC Berkeley. He says black holes grow just like we do – by eating. There are millions of black holes around our galaxy, but at the very center, there’s a supermassive black hole that’s eaten quite a bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The misconception that’s out there a little is that black holes are a vacuum cleaner that will inevitably suck in everything around them,” says Quataert. For the most part, black holes are on a forced diet. They’ve already eaten everything close by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But then every once in a while, there will be a lot of gas that gets funneled to the center of a galaxy and the black hole will grow in a big spurt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quataert says seeing this black hole mealtime with the NuStar telescope could reveal more about the extreme physics behind it. That, in turn, can answer questions about how galaxies and solar systems form -- essentially, why our little planet is here at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are conditions that you can’t reproduce anywhere on Earth, so they provide a window into physics that you can’t study in any other way,” says Quataert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Black Hole Belches\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NuStar telescope will also be looking for a strange phenomenon – something made famous by Homer Simpson: burps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can think about this black hole burping as if you’re on a feeding frenzy and you can’t fit that many hot dogs in your mouth,” says Joshua Bloom, an associate professor at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early last year, astronomers noticed a star that had wandered too close to a black hole. “You would see the star getting pulled apart almost like taffy,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it devoured the star, the black hole spit out a huge jet of material – a burp. That might sound weird. Nothing can escape a black hole, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re right. These are sort of the Las Vegas of the universe – what happens in a black hole stays inside of a black hole. But on the outskirts of them, that is where there’s tremendous action,” says Bloom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, astronomers haven’t observed many of these burps and they aren’t exactly sure why they happen. Bloom has his fingers crossed that the NuStar telescope will see more of them. “We are really on the receiving end of this grand experiment in the universe. The real hope is that we find something that hasn't been envisioned yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NuStar mission is expected to last at least two years.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/40314/space-telescope-to-begin-search-for-black-holes","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_3","quest_16"],"tags":["quest_13192","quest_252","quest_11252","quest_10280","quest_1918","quest_13203","quest_13205","quest_13202","quest_10282","quest_2739","quest_2891","quest_3021"],"featImg":"quest_40317","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ATC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0018_AmericanSuburb_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/07/commonwealthclub.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Consider-This_3000_V3-copy-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/06/forum-logo-900x900tile-1.gif","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/FreshAir_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/HereNow_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/insideEurope.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/liveFromHere.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/Marketplace_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/mindshift2021-tile-3000x3000-1-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/ME_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/OOW_Tile_Final.png","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/10/Our-Body-Politic_1600.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/PBS_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/wp-content/uploads/sites/44/powerpress/1440_0010_Perspectives_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/planet-money","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"}},"politicalbreakdown":{"id":"politicalbreakdown","title":"Political Breakdown","tagline":"Politics from a personal perspective","info":"Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.","airtime":"THU 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/PB24_Final-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Political Breakdown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"11"},"link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"}},"pri-the-world":{"id":"pri-the-world","title":"PRI's The World: Latest Edition","info":"Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.","airtime":"MON-FRI 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/TheWorld_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world","meta":{"site":"news","source":"PRI"},"link":"/radio/program/pri-the-world","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/","rss":"http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"}},"radiolab":{"id":"radiolab","title":"Radiolab","info":"A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.","airtime":"SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/radiolab","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/","rss":"https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"}},"reveal":{"id":"reveal","title":"Reveal","info":"Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. The warmest, wittiest cocktail party - it's spirited and civil, brainy and boisterous, peppered with musical interludes. Fast paced and playful, it's the most fun you can have with language without getting your mouth washed out with soap. Our motto: It's not important to know the answers, it's important to like the answers!","airtime":"SUN 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/saysYou.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.saysyouradio.com/","meta":{"site":"comedy","source":"Pipit and Finch"},"link":"/radio/program/says-you","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/says-you!/id1050199826","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Says-You-p480/","rss":"https://saysyou.libsyn.com/rss"}},"science-friday":{"id":"science-friday","title":"Science Friday","info":"Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.","airtime":"FRI 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/scienceFriday.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/science-friday","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"}},"science-podcast":{"id":"science-podcast","title":"KQED Science News","tagline":"From the lab, to your ears","info":"KQED Science explores science and environment news, trends, and events from the Bay Area and beyond.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/powerpress/1440_0006_SciNews_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"kqed","order":"17"},"link":"/science/category/science-podcast","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-science-news/id214663465","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2dzLmtxZWQub3JnL3NjaWVuY2UvZmVlZC8","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed-science-news","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/feed/podcast"}},"selected-shorts":{"id":"selected-shorts","title":"Selected Shorts","info":"Spellbinding short stories by established and emerging writers take on a new life when they are performed by stars of the stage and screen.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/selectedShorts.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/selected-shorts","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"pri"},"link":"/radio/program/selected-shorts","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=253191824&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Selected-Shorts-p31792/","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/selectedshorts"}},"snap-judgment":{"id":"snap-judgment","title":"Snap Judgment","info":"Snap Judgment (Storytelling, with a BEAT) mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic, kick-ass radio. Snap’s raw, musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. WNYC studios is the producer of leading podcasts including Radiolab, Freakonomics Radio, Note To Self, Here’s The Thing With Alec Baldwin, and more.","airtime":"SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/snapJudgement.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://snapjudgment.org","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/snap-judgment","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=283657561&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Snap-Judgment-p243817/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/snapjudgment-wnyc"}},"soldout":{"id":"soldout","title":"SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America","tagline":"A new future for housing","info":"Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Final-Tile-Design.png","imageAlt":"KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/soldout","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":3},"link":"/podcasts/soldout","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america","tunein":"https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vc29sZG91dA"}},"ted-radio-hour":{"id":"ted-radio-hour","title":"TED Radio Hour","info":"The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/ted-radio-hour","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"}},"tech-nation":{"id":"tech-nation","title":"Tech Nation Radio Podcast","info":"Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.","airtime":"FRI 10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/techNation.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://technation.podomatic.com/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"Tech Nation Media"},"link":"/radio/program/tech-nation","subscribe":{"rss":"https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"}},"thebay":{"id":"thebay","title":"The Bay","tagline":"Local news to keep you rooted","info":"Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/1440_0002_TheBay_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED The Bay","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/thebay","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"6"},"link":"/podcasts/thebay","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM4MjU5Nzg2MzI3","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"}},"californiareport":{"id":"californiareport","title":"The California Report","tagline":"California, day by day","info":"KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/12/TCR-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The California Report","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareport","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"9"},"link":"/californiareport","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1MDAyODE4NTgz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"}},"californiareportmagazine":{"id":"californiareportmagazine","title":"The California Report Magazine","tagline":"Your state, your stories","info":"Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.","airtime":"FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/12/TCRmag-scaled.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareportmagazine","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"10"},"link":"/californiareportmagazine","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"}},"theleap":{"id":"theleap","title":"The Leap","tagline":"What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?","info":"Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0000_TheLeap_iTunestile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Leap","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/theleap","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"14"},"link":"/podcasts/theleap","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM0NTcwODQ2MjY2","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"}},"masters-of-scale":{"id":"masters-of-scale","title":"Masters of Scale","info":"Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.","airtime":"Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/06/mastersofscale.jpeg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://mastersofscale.com/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WaitWhat"},"link":"/radio/program/masters-of-scale","subscribe":{"apple":"http://mastersofscale.app.link/","rss":"https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"}},"the-moth-radio-hour":{"id":"the-moth-radio-hour","title":"The Moth Radio Hour","info":"Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://themoth.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"prx"},"link":"/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/","rss":"http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"}},"the-new-yorker-radio-hour":{"id":"the-new-yorker-radio-hour","title":"The New Yorker Radio Hour","info":"The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.","airtime":"SAT 10am-11am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theNewYorker.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"}},"the-takeaway":{"id":"the-takeaway","title":"The Takeaway","info":"The Takeaway is produced in partnership with its national audience. It delivers perspective and analysis to help us better understand the day’s news. Be a part of the American conversation on-air and online.","airtime":"MON-THU 12pm-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/TheTakeaway_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/takeaway","meta":{"site":"news","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-takeaway","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-takeaway/id363143310?mt=2","tuneIn":"http://tunein.com/radio/The-Takeaway-p150731/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/takeawaypodcast"}},"this-american-life":{"id":"this-american-life","title":"This American Life","info":"This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.","airtime":"SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wbez"},"link":"/radio/program/this-american-life","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","rss":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"}},"truthbetold":{"id":"truthbetold","title":"Truth Be Told","tagline":"Advice by and for people of color","info":"We’re the friend you call after a long day, the one who gets it. Through wisdom from some of the greatest thinkers of our time, host Tonya Mosley explores what it means to grow and thrive as a Black person in America, while discovering new ways of being that serve as a portal to more love, more healing, and more joy.","airtime":"","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/TBT_2020tile_3000x3000-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Truth Be Told with Tonya Mosley","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.kqed.ord/podcasts/truthbetold","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr","order":"12"},"link":"/podcasts/truthbetold","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/truth-be-told/id1462216572","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS90cnV0aC1iZS10b2xkLXBvZGNhc3QvZmVlZA","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/719210818/truth-be-told","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=398170&refid=stpr","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/587DhwTBxke6uvfwDfaV5N"}},"wait-wait-dont-tell-me":{"id":"wait-wait-dont-tell-me","title":"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!","info":"Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.","airtime":"SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/waitWait.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"}},"washington-week":{"id":"washington-week","title":"Washington Week","info":"For 50 years, Washington Week has been the most intelligent and up to date conversation about the most important news stories of the week. Washington Week is the longest-running news and public affairs program on PBS and features journalists -- not pundits -- lending insight and perspective to the week's important news stories.","airtime":"SAT 1:30am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/washington-week.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/washington-week","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/washington-week-audio-pbs/id83324702?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Current-Affairs/Washington-Week-p693/","rss":"http://feeds.pbs.org/pbs/weta/washingtonweek-audio"}},"weekend-edition-saturday":{"id":"weekend-edition-saturday","title":"Weekend Edition Saturday","info":"Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.","airtime":"SAT 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/WE_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"},"weekend-edition-sunday":{"id":"weekend-edition-sunday","title":"Weekend Edition Sunday","info":"Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.","airtime":"SUN 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/WE_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"},"world-affairs":{"id":"world-affairs","title":"World Affairs","info":"The world as we knew it is undergoing a rapid transformation…so what's next? Welcome to WorldAffairs, your guide to a changing world. We give you the context you need to navigate across borders and ideologies. Through sound-rich stories and in-depth interviews, we break down what it means to be a global citizen on a hot, crowded planet. Our hosts, Ray Suarez, Teresa Cotsirilos and Philip Yun help you make sense of an uncertain world, one story at a time.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/worldaffairs-podcastlogo2021-scaled.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.worldaffairs.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"World Affairs"},"link":"/radio/program/world-affairs","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/world-affairs/id101215657?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/WorldAffairs-p1665/","rss":"https://worldaffairs.libsyn.com/rss"}},"on-shifting-ground":{"id":"on-shifting-ground","title":"On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez","info":"Geopolitical turmoil. A warming planet. Authoritarians on the rise. We live in a chaotic world that’s rapidly shifting around us. “On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez” explores international fault lines and how they impact us all. Each week, NPR veteran Ray Suarez hosts conversations with journalists, leaders and policy experts to help us read between the headlines – and give us hope for human resilience.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/12/onshiftingground-600x600-1.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://worldaffairs.org/radio-podcast/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"On Shifting Ground"},"link":"/radio/program/on-shifting-ground","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/on-shifting-ground/id101215657","rss":"https://feeds.libsyn.com/36668/rss"}},"hidden-brain":{"id":"hidden-brain","title":"Hidden Brain","info":"Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain","airtime":"SUN 7pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"NPR"},"link":"/radio/program/hidden-brain","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"}},"city-arts":{"id":"city-arts","title":"City Arts & Lectures","info":"A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.cityarts.net/","airtime":"SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am","meta":{"site":"news","source":"City Arts & Lectures"},"link":"https://www.cityarts.net","subscribe":{"tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/","rss":"https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"}},"white-lies":{"id":"white-lies","title":"White Lies","info":"In 1965, Rev. James Reeb was murdered in Selma, Alabama. Three men were tried and acquitted, but no one was ever held to account. Fifty years later, two journalists from Alabama return to the city where it happened, expose the lies that kept the murder from being solved and uncover a story about guilt and memory that says as much about America today as it does about the past.","imageSrc":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2019/04/16/white-lies_final_sq-b1391789cfa7562bf3a4cd0c9cdae27fc4fa01b9.jpg?s=800","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/white-lies","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/whitelies","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1462650519?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM0My9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/12yZ2j8vxqhc0QZyRES3ft?si=LfWYEK6URA63hueKVxRLAw","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510343/podcast.xml"}},"rightnowish":{"id":"rightnowish","title":"Rightnowish","tagline":"Art is where you find it","info":"Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Rightnowish_tile2021.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/rightnowish","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"kqed","order":"5"},"link":"/podcasts/rightnowish","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"}},"jerrybrown":{"id":"jerrybrown","title":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","tagline":"Lessons from a lifetime in politics","info":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/jerrybrownpodcast.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"16"},"link":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/","tuneIn":"http://tun.in/pjGcK","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9zZXJpZXMvamVycnlicm93bi9mZWVkL3BvZGNhc3Qv"}},"the-splendid-table":{"id":"the-splendid-table","title":"The Splendid Table","info":"\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/splendidtable-logo.jpeg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.splendidtable.org/","airtime":"SUN 10-11 pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/the-splendid-table"}},"racesReducer":{"5921":{"id":"5921","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":158422,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.97,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Doris Matsui","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":89456,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tom Silva","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":48920,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Mandel","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":20046,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:00:38.194Z"},"5922":{"id":"5922","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rudy Recile","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Garamendi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5924":{"id":"5924","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":185034,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.07,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark DeSaulnier","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":121265,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katherine Piccinini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34883,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nolan Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":19459,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Sweeney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":7606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mohamed Elsherbini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1821,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:02:32.415Z"},"5926":{"id":"5926","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":153801,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lateefah Simon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":85905,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Tran","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22964,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Daysog","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17197,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Slauson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9699,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Glenn Kaplan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6785,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4243,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Abdur Sikder","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2847,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ned Nuerge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2532,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Andre Todd","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:22:36.062Z"},"5928":{"id":"5928","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":125831,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.14,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Eric Swalwell","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":83989,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Vin Kruttiventi","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":22106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alison Hayden","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11928,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luis Reynoso","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7808,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:51:36.366Z"},"5930":{"id":"5930","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":181938,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sam Liccardo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":38455,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Joe Simitian","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30222,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Evan Low","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30218,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Ohtaki","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Dixon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14656,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rishi Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12355,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karl Ryan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11541,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Julie Lythcott-Haims","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11374,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ahmed Mostafa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5800,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Greg Tanaka","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2418,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joby Bernstein","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1650,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:32:05.002Z"},"5931":{"id":"5931","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":117534,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.92,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ro Khanna","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73941,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anita Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31539,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ritesh Tandon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5728,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mario Ramirez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4491,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Dehn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":1835,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T01:50:53.956Z"},"5932":{"id":"5932","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":96302,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.93,"eevp":98.83,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Zoe Lofgren","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":49323,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Peter Hernandez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31622,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Charlene Nijmeh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":10614,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Lawrence Milan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2712,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luele Kifle","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2031,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:26:02.706Z"},"5963":{"id":"5963","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":139085,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.62,"eevp":98.6,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Greer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38079,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Rogers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":27126,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rusty Hicks","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25615,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ariel Kelley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Frankie Myers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17694,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ted Williams","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9550,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Click","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1538,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-22T21:38:36.711Z"},"5972":{"id":"5972","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":99775,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lori Wilson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":50085,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dave Ennis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":26074,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Wanda Wallis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14638,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeffrey Flack","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8978,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T02:01:24.524Z"},"5973":{"id":"5973","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":143532,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Damon Connolly","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":111275,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andy Podshadley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17240,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Eryn Cervantes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15017,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:25:32.262Z"},"5975":{"id":"5975","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":106997,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.06,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Buffy Wicks","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":78678,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Margot Smith","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18251,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Utkarsh Jain","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":10068,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:30:34.539Z"},"5976":{"id":"5976","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":97144,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.98,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sonia Ledo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":30946,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anamarie Farias","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":29512,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Monica Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":24775,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karen Mitchoff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11911,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T00:19:38.858Z"},"5977":{"id":"5977","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joseph Rubay","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rebecca Bauer-Kahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5978":{"id":"5978","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":111003,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Haney","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":90915,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Manuel Noris-Barrera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13843,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Otto Duke","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6245,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:36:19.697Z"},"5979":{"id":"5979","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":86008,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.1,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mia Bonta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andre Sandford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":4575,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mindy Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4389,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cheyenne Kenney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T08:03:23.729Z"},"5980":{"id":"5980","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":113959,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.8,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Catherine Stefani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":64960,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":33035,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nadia Flamenco","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":8335,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Arjun Sodhani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-11T23:50:23.109Z"},"5981":{"id":"5981","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 20","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Ortega","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5982":{"id":"5982","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 21","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Gilham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Diane Papan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5984":{"id":"5984","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 23","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":116963,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Marc Berman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":67106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lydia Kou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":23699,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Gus Mattammal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13277,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Allan Marson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12881,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:13:06.280Z"},"5987":{"id":"5987","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 26","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":72753,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Patrick Ahrens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25036,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tara Sreekrishnan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19600,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sophie Song","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15954,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Omar Din","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8772,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bob Goodwyn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":2170,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ashish Garg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1221,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T21:06:29.070Z"},"5989":{"id":"5989","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 28","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Gail Pellerin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Liz Lawler","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6010":{"id":"6010","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 49","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Fong","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Long Liu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6018":{"id":"6018","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":229348,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.05,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jared Huffman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":169005,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Coulombe","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":37372,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tief Gibbs","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18437,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jolian Kangas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":3166,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Brisendine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1368,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:46:10.103Z"},"6020":{"id":"6020","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":187640,"precinctsReportPercentage":96.32,"eevp":96.36,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":118147,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Munn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":56232,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andrew Engdahl","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11202,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Niket Patwardhan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":2059,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:30:57.980Z"},"6025":{"id":"6025","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":121271,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.17,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Harder","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":60396,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Lincoln","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":36346,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John McBride","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15525,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Khalid Jafri","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:49:44.113Z"},"6031":{"id":"6031","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Anna Kramer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Mullin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6035":{"id":"6035","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":203670,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.11,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jimmy Panetta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":132540,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jason Anderson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":58120,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sean Dougherty","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Grn","voteCount":13010,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:23:46.779Z"},"6066":{"id":"6066","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jamie Gallagher","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Aaron Draper","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6067":{"id":"6067","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Cecilia Aguiar-Curry","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6087":{"id":"6087","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 24","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":66643,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alex Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45544,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Brunton","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14951,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marti Souza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6148,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T23:23:49.770Z"},"6088":{"id":"6088","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 25","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":69560,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.31,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ash Kalra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":35821,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ted Stroll","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18255,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lan Ngo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":15484,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T02:40:57.200Z"},"6092":{"id":"6092","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 29","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Robert Rivas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"J.W. Paine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6223":{"id":"6223","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 46","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:16 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lou Correa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Pan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6530":{"id":"6530","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":222193,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Thom Bogue","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":61776,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christopher Cabaldon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":59041,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rozzana Verder-Aliga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45546,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jackie Elward","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41127,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jimih Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14703,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:24:31.539Z"},"6531":{"id":"6531","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":171623,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jim Shoemaker","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":74935,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jerry McNerney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":57040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Carlos Villapudua","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":39648,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T20:07:46.382Z"},"6532":{"id":"6532","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":192446,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.72,"eevp":98.78,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jesse Arreguín","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61837,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jovanka Beckles","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34025,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dan Kalb","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28842,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Kathryn Lybarger","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28041,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sandre Swanson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22862,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeanne Solnordal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16839,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:58:11.533Z"},"6533":{"id":"6533","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tim Grayson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marisol Rubio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6534":{"id":"6534","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":228260,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Scott Wiener","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":166592,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Yvette Corkrean","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34438,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Cravens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18513,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jing Xiong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":8717,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T02:01:51.597Z"},"6535":{"id":"6535","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":227191,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Becker","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":167127,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alexander Glew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":42788,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christina Laskowski","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17276,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:56:24.964Z"},"6536":{"id":"6536","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":180231,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.81,"eevp":98.95,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dave Cortese","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":124440,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Robert Howell","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34173,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Loaiza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":21618,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T01:15:45.365Z"},"6548":{"id":"6548","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 39","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:55 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Akilah Weber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Divine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6611":{"id":"6611","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":188732,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.89,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Nancy Pelosi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":138285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bruce Lou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marjorie Mikels","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9363,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bianca Von Krieg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":7634,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Zeng","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6607,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Boyce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4325,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Larry Nichelson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3482,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eve Del Castello","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2751,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:31:55.445Z"},"8589":{"id":"8589","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7276537,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2299507,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2292414,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1115606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":714408,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":240723,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Bradley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":98180,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61755,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sharleta Bassett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":54422,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sarah Liew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Laura Garza ","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":34320,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Reiss","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34056,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gail Lightfoot","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":33046,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Denice Gary-Pandol","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":25494,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Macauley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23168,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Harmesh Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21522,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Peterson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21076,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Douglas Pierce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19371,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Major Singh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":16965,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"John Rose","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14577,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Perry Pound","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14134,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Raji Rab","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":13558,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mark Ruzon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":13429,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Forrest Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":13027,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stefan Simchowitz","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12717,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Martin Veprauskas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9714,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Don Grundmann","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":6582,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T05:01:46.589Z"},"8686":{"id":"8686","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":3589127,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:48 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Biden","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":3200188,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marianne Williamson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":145690,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Dean Phillips","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":99981,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Armando Perez-Serrato","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":42925,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gabriel Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41261,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"President Boddie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25373,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Lyons","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21008,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eban Cambridge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12701,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:12:27.559Z"},"8688":{"id":"8688","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":2466569,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Donald Trump","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":1953947,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nikki Haley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":430792,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ron DeSantis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":35581,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Chris Christie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":20164,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Vivek Ramaswamy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11069,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rachel Swift","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4231,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Stuckenberg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3895,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ryan Binkley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Asa Hutchinson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3327,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:13:19.766Z"},"81993":{"id":"81993","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I Unexpired Term","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7358837,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2444940,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2155146,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1269194,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":863278,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":448788,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":109421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":68070,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:31:08.186Z"},"82014":{"id":"82014","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"Proposition, 1 - Behavioral Health Services Program","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":7221972,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3624998,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3596974,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:11:06.265Z"},"timeLoaded":"March 28, 2024 1:09 AM","nationalRacesLoaded":true,"localRacesLoaded":true,"overrides":[{"id":"5921","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5922","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5924","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5926","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/congress-12th-district"},{"id":"5928","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5930","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/congress-16th-district"},{"id":"5931","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5932","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5963","raceName":"State Assembly, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5972","raceName":"State Assembly, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5973","raceName":"State Assembly, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5975","raceName":"State Assembly, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5976","raceName":"State Assembly, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/state-assembly"},{"id":"5977","raceName":"State Assembly, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5978","raceName":"State Assembly, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5979","raceName":"State Assembly, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5980","raceName":"State Assembly, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5981","raceName":"State Assembly, District 20","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5982","raceName":"State Assembly, District 21","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5984","raceName":"State Assembly, District 23","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-assembly-23rd-district"},{"id":"5987","raceName":"State Assembly, District 26","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/state-assembly-26th-district"},{"id":"5989","raceName":"State Assembly, District 28","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6010","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6018","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6020","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6025","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6031","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6035","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6067","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6087","raceName":"State Assembly, District 24","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6088","raceName":"State Assembly, District 25","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6092","raceName":"State Assembly, District 29","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6223","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6530","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-3rd-district"},{"id":"6531","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6532","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-7th-district"},{"id":"6533","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6534","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6535","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6536","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6611","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"8589","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Full Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/senator"},{"id":"8686","raceName":"California Democratic Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 496 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/president/democrat"},{"id":"8688","raceName":"California Republican Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 169 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://kqed.org/elections/results/president/republican"},{"id":"81993","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Partial/Unexpired Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election."},{"id":"82014","raceName":"Proposition 1","raceDescription":"Bond and mental health reforms. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/proposition-1"}],"AlamedaJudge5":{"id":"AlamedaJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":200323,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Terry Wiley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":200323}]},"AlamedaJudge12":{"id":"AlamedaJudge12","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":240510,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Fickes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132830},{"candidateName":"Michael P. Johnson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107680}]},"AlamedaBoard2":{"id":"AlamedaBoard2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":33526,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Lewis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6928},{"candidateName":"Angela Normand","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":26598}]},"AlamedaBoard5":{"id":"AlamedaBoard5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":26032,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Guadalupe \"Lupe\" Angulo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7508},{"candidateName":"Janevette Cole","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13313},{"candidateName":"Joe Orlando Ramos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5211}]},"AlamedaBoard6":{"id":"AlamedaBoard6","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 6","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":30807,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Guerrero","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9964},{"candidateName":"Eileen McDonald","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20843}]},"AlamedaSup1":{"id":"AlamedaSup1","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":40987,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Haubert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40987}]},"AlamedaSup2":{"id":"AlamedaSup2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":30978,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Elisa Márquez","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30978}]},"AlamedaSup4":{"id":"AlamedaSup4","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":56948,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jennifer Esteen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22371},{"candidateName":"Nate Miley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34577}]},"AlamedaSup5":{"id":"AlamedaSup5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":80942,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ben Bartlett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13499},{"candidateName":"Nikki Fortunato Bas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":27555},{"candidateName":"John J. Bauters","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":16763},{"candidateName":"Ken Berrick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7508},{"candidateName":"Omar Farmer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1238},{"candidateName":"Gregory Hodge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3417},{"candidateName":"Chris Moore","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7412},{"candidateName":"Gerald Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":305},{"candidateName":"Lorrel Plimier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3245}]},"AlamedaBoard7":{"id":"AlamedaBoard7","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Flood Control & Water Conservation District Director, Zone 7, Full Term","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":134216,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alan Burnham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15710},{"candidateName":"Sandy Figuers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22435},{"candidateName":"Laurene K. Green","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30310},{"candidateName":"Kathy Narum","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23815},{"candidateName":"Seema Badar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7456},{"candidateName":"Catherine Brown","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34490}]},"AlamedaAuditor":{"id":"AlamedaAuditor","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Oakland Auditor","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":59132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Houston","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59132}]},"AlamedaMeasureA":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Civil service. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":281953,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":167675},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":114278}]},"AlamedaMeasureB":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Recall rules. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":282299,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":181965},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":100334}]},"AlamedaMeasureD":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Oakland. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":79681,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59767},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19914}]},"AlamedaMeasureE":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Alameda Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":22648,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17246},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5402}]},"AlamedaMeasureF":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"Piedmont. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":4848,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3670},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1178}]},"AlamedaMeasureG":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Albany Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":5886,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4640},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1246}]},"AlamedaMeasureH":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Berkeley Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":33290,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":29379},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3911}]},"AlamedaMeasureI":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Hayward Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":21895,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14122},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7773}]},"AlamedaMeasureJ":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureJ","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure J","raceDescription":"San Leandro Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":12321,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7773},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4548}]},"CCD2":{"id":"CCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":45753,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Candace Andersen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":45753}]},"CCD3":{"id":"CCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":25114,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Diane Burgis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":25114}]},"CCD5":{"id":"CCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":37018,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Barbanica","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14330},{"candidateName":"Jelani Killings","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5674},{"candidateName":"Shanelle Scales-Preston","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12986},{"candidateName":"Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4028}]},"CCMeasureA":{"id":"CCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Martinez. Appoint City Clerk. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":11509,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7552},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3957}]},"CCMeasureB":{"id":"CCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Antioch Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":17961,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10394},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7567}]},"CCMeasureC":{"id":"CCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":9225,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6914},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2311}]},"CCMeasureD":{"id":"CCMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Moraga School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":6006,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4051},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1955}]},"MarinD2":{"id":"MarinD2","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":18466,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Brian Colbert","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7971},{"candidateName":"Heather McPhail Sridharan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4851},{"candidateName":"Ryan O'Neil","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2647},{"candidateName":"Gabe Paulson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2997}]},"MarinD3":{"id":"MarinD3","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":13274,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Moulton-Peters","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13274}]},"MarinD4":{"id":"MarinD4","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12986,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dennis Rodoni","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10086},{"candidateName":"Francis Drouillard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2900}]},"MarinLarkspurCC":{"id":"MarinLarkspurCC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Larkspur City Council (Short Term)","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4176,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Andre","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2514},{"candidateName":"Claire Paquette","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1008},{"candidateName":"Lana Scott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":654}]},"MarinRossCouncil":{"id":"MarinRossCouncil","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Ross Town Council","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1740,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Charles William \"Bill\" Kircher, Jr.","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":536},{"candidateName":"Mathew Salter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":502},{"candidateName":"Shadi Aboukhater","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":187},{"candidateName":"Teri Dowling","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":515}]},"MarinMeasureA":{"id":"MarinMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Tamalpais Union High School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":45345,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24376},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20969}]},"MarinMeasureB":{"id":"MarinMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":62},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":70}]},"MarinMeasureC":{"id":"MarinMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Belvedere. Appropriation limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":870,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureD":{"id":"MarinMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Larkspur. Rent stabilization. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-d","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4955,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2573},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2382}]},"MarinMeasureE":{"id":"MarinMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Ross. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":874,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":683},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureF":{"id":"MarinMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"San Anselmo. Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":5193,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2110}]},"MarinMeasureG":{"id":"MarinMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Bel Marin Keys Community Services District. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":830,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":661},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":169}]},"MarinMeasureH":{"id":"MarinMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, fire protection. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1738,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1369},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":369}]},"MarinMeasureI":{"id":"MarinMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, parks. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1735,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1336},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":399}]},"NapaD2":{"id":"NapaD2","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":8351,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Alessio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6340},{"candidateName":"Doris Gentry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2011}]},"NapaD4":{"id":"NapaD4","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":7306,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Amber Manfree","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913},{"candidateName":"Pete Mott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3393}]},"NapaD5":{"id":"NapaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":5269,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mariam Aboudamous","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2336},{"candidateName":"Belia Ramos","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2933}]},"NapaMeasureD":{"id":"NapaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Howell Mountain Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":741,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":367},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":374}]},"NapaMeasureU":{"id":"NapaMeasureU","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Lake Berryessa Resort Improvement District. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":86,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":63},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23}]},"NapaMeasureU1":{"id":"NapaMeasureU1","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Yountville. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":793},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132}]},"SFJudge1":{"id":"SFJudge1","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-1","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202960,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Begert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":124943},{"candidateName":"Chip Zecher","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":78017}]},"SFJudge13":{"id":"SFJudge13","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 13","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-13","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202386,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jean Myungjin Roland","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":90012},{"candidateName":"Patrick S. Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":112374}]},"SFPropA":{"id":"SFPropA","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition A","raceDescription":"Housing bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":225187,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":158497},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":66690}]},"SFPropB":{"id":"SFPropB","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition B","raceDescription":"Police staffing. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222954,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":61580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":161374}]},"SFPropC":{"id":"SFPropC","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition C","raceDescription":"Transfer tax exemption. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":220349,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":116311},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":104038}]},"SFPropD":{"id":"SFPropD","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition D","raceDescription":"Ethics laws. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222615,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":198584},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24031}]},"SFPropE":{"id":"SFPropE","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition E","raceDescription":"Police policies. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222817,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":120529},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":102288}]},"SFPropF":{"id":"SFPropF","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition F","raceDescription":"Drug screening. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-f","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":224004,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":130214},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":93790}]},"SFPropG":{"id":"SFPropG","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition G","raceDescription":"Eighth-grade algebra. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222704,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182066},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40638}]},"SMJudge4":{"id":"SMJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":108848,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sarah Burdick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":108848}]},"SMD1":{"id":"SMD1","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":29629,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jackie Speier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20341},{"candidateName":"Ann Schneider","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9288}]},"SMD4":{"id":"SMD4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":22711,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Antonio Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5725},{"candidateName":"Lisa Gauthier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10354},{"candidateName":"Celeste Brevard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1267},{"candidateName":"Paul Bocanegra","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1909},{"candidateName":"Maggie Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3456}]},"SMD5":{"id":"SMD5","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":19922,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Canepa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19922}]},"SMMeasureB":{"id":"SMMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"County Service Area #1 (Highlands). Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1360},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":189}]},"SMMeasureC":{"id":"SMMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Jefferson Elementary School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12226,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8538},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3688}]},"SMMeasureE":{"id":"SMMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Woodside Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1390,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":909},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":481}]},"SMMeasureG":{"id":"SMMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Pacifica School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":11541,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7064},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4477}]},"SMMeasureH":{"id":"SMMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"San Carlos School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":9935,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6280},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3655}]},"SCJudge5":{"id":"SCJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":301837,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jay Boyarsky","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":142488},{"candidateName":"Nicole M. Ford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":52125},{"candidateName":"Johnene Linda Stebbins","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107224}]},"SCD2":{"id":"SCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":44037,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Corina Herrera-Loera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10513},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Margaret Celaya","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2392},{"candidateName":"Madison Nguyen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12789},{"candidateName":"Betty Duong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14024},{"candidateName":"Nelson McElmurry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4319}]},"SCD3":{"id":"SCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":42531,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Otto Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42531}]},"SCD5":{"id":"SCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":88675,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Margaret Abe-Koga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":37157},{"candidateName":"Sally J. Lieber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":21958},{"candidateName":"Barry Chang","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6161},{"candidateName":"Peter C. Fung","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17883},{"candidateName":"Sandy Sans","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5516}]},"SCSJMayor":{"id":"SCSJMayor","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José Mayor","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":167001,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Mahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":144649},{"candidateName":"Tyrone Wade","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22352}]},"SCSJD2":{"id":"SCSJD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":14126,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4947},{"candidateName":"Pamela Campos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3435},{"candidateName":"Vanessa Sandoval","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2718},{"candidateName":"Babu Prasad","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3026}]},"SCSJD4":{"id":"SCSJD4","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":14317,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kansen Chu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5927},{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8390}]},"SCSJD6":{"id":"SCSJD6","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":25102,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9872},{"candidateName":"Alex Shoor","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3850},{"candidateName":"Angelo \"A.J.\" Pasciuti","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2688},{"candidateName":"Michael Mulcahy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8692}]},"SCSJD8":{"id":"SCSJD8","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 8","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":21452,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tam Truong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6980},{"candidateName":"Domingo Candelas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8463},{"candidateName":"Sukhdev Singh Bainiwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5509},{"candidateName":"Surinder Kaur Dhaliwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":500}]},"SCSJD10":{"id":"SCSJD10","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 10","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":22792,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"George Casey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8801},{"candidateName":"Arjun Batra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8351},{"candidateName":"Lenka Wright","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5640}]},"SCMeasureA":{"id":"SCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed city clerk. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":20313,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6579},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13734}]},"SCMeasureB":{"id":"SCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed police chief. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":20565,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14886}]},"SCMeasureC":{"id":"SCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Sunnyvale School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":14649,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10256},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4393}]},"SolanoD15":{"id":"SolanoD15","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Department 15","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":81684,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":36828},{"candidateName":"Bryan J. Kim","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":44856}]},"SolanoD1":{"id":"SolanoD1","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":13778,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6399},{"candidateName":"Cassandra James","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7379}]},"SolanoD2":{"id":"SolanoD2","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":19895,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Monica Brown","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10947},{"candidateName":"Nora Dizon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3134},{"candidateName":"Rochelle Sherlock","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5814}]},"SolanoD5":{"id":"SolanoD5","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":17881,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mitch Mashburn","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11203},{"candidateName":"Chadwick J. Ledoux","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6678}]},"SolanoEducation":{"id":"SolanoEducation","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Sacramento County Board of Education","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":3650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Heather Davis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2960},{"candidateName":"Shazleen Khan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":690}]},"SolanoMeasureA":{"id":"SolanoMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Benicia. Hotel tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":10133,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7867},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2266}]},"SolanoMeasureB":{"id":"SolanoMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Benicia. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":10161,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7335},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2826}]},"SolanoMeasureC":{"id":"SolanoMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Benicia Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":10109,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6313},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3796}]},"SolanoMeasureN":{"id":"SolanoMeasureN","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure N","raceDescription":"Davis Joint Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":15,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10}]},"SonomaJudge3":{"id":"SonomaJudge3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":114898,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kristine M. Burk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":79204},{"candidateName":"Beki Berrey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":35694}]},"SonomaJudge4":{"id":"SonomaJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":86439,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Paul J. Lozada","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":86439}]},"SonomaJudge6":{"id":"SonomaJudge6","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":117473,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Omar Figueroa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42031},{"candidateName":"Kenneth English","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":75442}]},"SonomaD1":{"id":"SonomaD1","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":30228,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rebecca Hermosillo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23876},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Mathieu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6352}]},"SonomaD3":{"id":"SonomaD3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/supervisor-3rd-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":16202,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Chris Coursey","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11286},{"candidateName":"Omar Medina","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4916}]},"SonomaD5":{"id":"SonomaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":23282,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lynda Hopkins","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23282}]},"SonomaMeasureA":{"id":"SonomaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":13654,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10239},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3415}]},"SonomaMeasureB":{"id":"SonomaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":24764,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15731},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9033}]},"SonomaMeasureC":{"id":"SonomaMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Fort Ross School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":286,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":159},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":127}]},"SonomaMeasureD":{"id":"SonomaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Harmony Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":1913,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":830}]},"SonomaMeasureE":{"id":"SonomaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Petaluma City (Elementary) School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":11091,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7602},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3489}]},"SonomaMeasureG":{"id":"SonomaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Rincon Valley Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":14511,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8624},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5887}]},"SonomaMeasureH":{"id":"SonomaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Sonoma County. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/measure-h","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":144574,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":89236},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":55338}]}},"radioSchedulesReducer":{},"listsReducer":{"posts/quest?tag=astronomy":{"isFetching":false,"latestQuery":{"from":0,"postsToRender":9},"tag":null,"vitalsOnly":true,"totalRequested":9,"isLoading":false,"isLoadingMore":true,"total":104,"items":["quest_51979","quest_47924","quest_46704","quest_46173","quest_43132","quest_43614","quest_41313","quest_40851","quest_40314"]}},"recallGuideReducer":{"intros":{},"policy":{},"candidates":{}},"savedPostsReducer":{},"sessionReducer":{},"siteSettingsReducer":{},"subscriptionsReducer":{},"termsReducer":{"about":{"name":"About","type":"terms","id":"about","slug":"about","link":"/about","taxonomy":"site"},"arts":{"name":"Arts & Culture","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"description":"KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.","type":"terms","id":"arts","slug":"arts","link":"/arts","taxonomy":"site"},"artschool":{"name":"Art School","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"artschool","slug":"artschool","link":"/artschool","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareabites":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"bayareabites","slug":"bayareabites","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareahiphop":{"name":"Bay Area Hiphop","type":"terms","id":"bayareahiphop","slug":"bayareahiphop","link":"/bayareahiphop","taxonomy":"site"},"campaign21":{"name":"Campaign 21","type":"terms","id":"campaign21","slug":"campaign21","link":"/campaign21","taxonomy":"site"},"checkplease":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"checkplease","slug":"checkplease","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"education":{"name":"Education","grouping":["education"],"type":"terms","id":"education","slug":"education","link":"/education","taxonomy":"site"},"elections":{"name":"Elections","type":"terms","id":"elections","slug":"elections","link":"/elections","taxonomy":"site"},"events":{"name":"Events","type":"terms","id":"events","slug":"events","link":"/events","taxonomy":"site"},"event":{"name":"Event","alias":"events","type":"terms","id":"event","slug":"event","link":"/event","taxonomy":"site"},"filmschoolshorts":{"name":"Film School Shorts","type":"terms","id":"filmschoolshorts","slug":"filmschoolshorts","link":"/filmschoolshorts","taxonomy":"site"},"food":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"type":"terms","id":"food","slug":"food","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"forum":{"name":"Forum","relatedContentQuery":"posts/forum?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"forum","slug":"forum","link":"/forum","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou":{"name":"Future of You","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","link":"/futureofyou","taxonomy":"site"},"jpepinheart":{"name":"KQED food","relatedContentQuery":"trending/food,bayareabites,checkplease","parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"jpepinheart","slug":"jpepinheart","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"liveblog":{"name":"Live Blog","type":"terms","id":"liveblog","slug":"liveblog","link":"/liveblog","taxonomy":"site"},"livetv":{"name":"Live TV","parent":"tv","type":"terms","id":"livetv","slug":"livetv","link":"/livetv","taxonomy":"site"},"lowdown":{"name":"The Lowdown","relatedContentQuery":"posts/lowdown?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"lowdown","slug":"lowdown","link":"/lowdown","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift":{"name":"Mindshift","parent":"news","description":"MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.","type":"terms","id":"mindshift","slug":"mindshift","link":"/mindshift","taxonomy":"site"},"news":{"name":"News","grouping":["news","forum"],"type":"terms","id":"news","slug":"news","link":"/news","taxonomy":"site"},"perspectives":{"name":"Perspectives","parent":"radio","type":"terms","id":"perspectives","slug":"perspectives","link":"/perspectives","taxonomy":"site"},"podcasts":{"name":"Podcasts","type":"terms","id":"podcasts","slug":"podcasts","link":"/podcasts","taxonomy":"site"},"pop":{"name":"Pop","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"pop","slug":"pop","link":"/pop","taxonomy":"site"},"pressroom":{"name":"Pressroom","type":"terms","id":"pressroom","slug":"pressroom","link":"/pressroom","taxonomy":"site"},"quest":{"name":"Quest","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"quest","slug":"quest","link":"/quest","taxonomy":"site"},"radio":{"name":"Radio","grouping":["forum","perspectives"],"description":"Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.","type":"terms","id":"radio","slug":"radio","link":"/radio","taxonomy":"site"},"root":{"name":"KQED","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","imageWidth":1200,"imageHeight":630,"headData":{"title":"KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California","description":"KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."},"type":"terms","id":"root","slug":"root","link":"/root","taxonomy":"site"},"science":{"name":"Science","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"description":"KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.","type":"terms","id":"science","slug":"science","link":"/science","taxonomy":"site"},"stateofhealth":{"name":"State of Health","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"stateofhealth","slug":"stateofhealth","link":"/stateofhealth","taxonomy":"site"},"support":{"name":"Support","type":"terms","id":"support","slug":"support","link":"/support","taxonomy":"site"},"thedolist":{"name":"The Do List","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"thedolist","slug":"thedolist","link":"/thedolist","taxonomy":"site"},"trulyca":{"name":"Truly CA","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"trulyca","slug":"trulyca","link":"/trulyca","taxonomy":"site"},"tv":{"name":"TV","type":"terms","id":"tv","slug":"tv","link":"/tv","taxonomy":"site"},"voterguide":{"name":"Voter Guide","parent":"elections","alias":"elections","type":"terms","id":"voterguide","slug":"voterguide","link":"/voterguide","taxonomy":"site"},"quest_13192":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_13192","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"13192","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Astronomy","slug":"astronomy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Astronomy Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null,"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","width":1200,"height":630},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"}},"ttid":245,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/astronomy"},"quest_3":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_3","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"3","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Astronomy","slug":"astronomy","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Astronomy Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/category/astronomy"},"quest_544":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_544","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"544","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Chabot Space & Science Center","slug":"chabot-space-science-center","taxonomy":"tag","description":"http://www.chabotspace.org/","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Chabot Space & Science Center Archives | KQED Arts","description":"http://www.chabotspace.org/","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3332,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/chabot-space-science-center"},"quest_11518":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11518","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11518","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"KQED Science","slug":"kqedscience","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"KQED Science Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11552,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/kqedscience"},"quest_2705":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2705","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2705","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"solar maximum","slug":"solar-maximum","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"solar maximum Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2721,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/solar-maximum"},"quest_2827":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2827","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2827","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"sun","slug":"sun","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"sun Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2843,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/sun"},"quest_11878":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11878","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11878","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"sun spots","slug":"sun-spots","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"sun spots Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11938,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/sun-spots"},"quest_545":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_545","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"545","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"chabot space and science center","slug":"chabot-space-and-science-center","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"chabot space and science center Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":548,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/chabot-space-and-science-center"},"quest_13202":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_13202","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"13202","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"QUEST Northern California","slug":"northern-california","taxonomy":"tag","description":"KQED serves the people of Northern California with a public-supported alternative to commercial media. Home to the most listened-to public radio station in the nation, one of the highest-rated public television services and an award-winning education program, and as a leader and innovator in interactive technology, KQED takes people of all ages on journeys of exploration — exposing them to new people, places and ideas.","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"QUEST Northern California Archives | KQED Arts","description":"KQED serves the people of Northern California with a public-supported alternative to commercial media. Home to the most listened-to public radio station in the nation, one of the highest-rated public television services and an award-winning education program, and as a leader and innovator in interactive technology, KQED takes people of all ages on journeys of exploration — exposing them to new people, places and ideas.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3254,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/northern-california"},"quest_11583":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11583","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11583","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"facts","slug":"facts","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"facts Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11617,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/facts"},"quest_11582":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11582","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11582","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"top 10","slug":"top-10","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"top 10 Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11616,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/top-10"},"quest_11539":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11539","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11539","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"alpha centauri","slug":"alpha-centauri","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"alpha centauri Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11573,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/alpha-centauri"},"quest_11540":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11540","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11540","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"alpha centauri bb","slug":"alpha-centauri-bb","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"alpha centauri bb Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11574,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/alpha-centauri-bb"},"quest_1037":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_1037","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"1037","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"exoplanet","slug":"exoplanet","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"exoplanet Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1046,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/exoplanet"},"quest_3422":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_3422","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"3422","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Television","slug":"television","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Television Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3448,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/category/television"},"quest_3233":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_3233","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"3233","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Video","slug":"video","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Video Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3252,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/category/video"},"quest_11404":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11404","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11404","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"accretion disk","slug":"accretion-disk","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"accretion disk Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11437,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/accretion-disk"},"quest_11400":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11400","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11400","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Alex Filippenko","slug":"alex-filippenko","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Alex Filippenko Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11433,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/alex-filippenko"},"quest_11398":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11398","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11398","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"black holes","slug":"black-holes","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"black holes Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11431,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/black-holes"},"quest_11401":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11401","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11401","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Fiona Harrison","slug":"fiona-harrison","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Fiona Harrison Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11434,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/fiona-harrison"},"quest_11399":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11399","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11399","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"NuSTAR","slug":"nustar","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"NuSTAR Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11432,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/nustar"},"quest_13":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_13","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"13","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"QUEST Northern California","slug":"northern-california","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"QUEST Northern California Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1594,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/northern-california"},"quest_11403":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11403","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11403","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Space Sciences Laboratory","slug":"space-sciences-laboratory","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Space Sciences Laboratory Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11436,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/space-sciences-laboratory"},"quest_2893":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2893","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2893","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"television","slug":"quest-television","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"television Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2909,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/quest-television"},"quest_3071":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_3071","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"3071","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"video","slug":"tag-video","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"video Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3088,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/tag-video"},"quest_11402":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11402","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11402","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"William Craig","slug":"william-craig","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"William Craig Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11435,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/william-craig"},"quest_3297":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_3297","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"3297","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Your Photos on QUEST","slug":"ypoq","taxonomy":"series","description":"Do you love photographing Science, Environment and Nature in Northern California? Would you like to collaborate on a 2-minute QUEST TV short about your photography for an audience of over 100,000 viewers? We seek to collaborate with a local photographer who is inspired by science, environment and nature in Northern California, and uses innovative approaches to express their unique vision of our region.","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Your Photos on QUEST Archives | KQED Arts","description":"Do you love photographing Science, Environment and Nature in Northern California? Would you like to collaborate on a 2-minute QUEST TV short about your photography for an audience of over 100,000 viewers? We seek to collaborate with a local photographer who is inspired by science, environment and nature in Northern California, and uses innovative approaches to express their unique vision of our region.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3319,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/series/ypoq"},"quest_11431":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11431","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11431","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"amateur astronomy","slug":"amateur-astronomy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"amateur astronomy Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11464,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/amateur-astronomy"},"quest_11427":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11427","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11427","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"astrophotography","slug":"astrophotography","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"astrophotography Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11460,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/astrophotography"},"quest_467":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_467","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"467","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"camera","slug":"camera","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"camera Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":470,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/camera"},"quest_11430":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11430","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11430","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"constellations","slug":"constellations","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"constellations Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11463,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/constellations"},"quest_1162":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_1162","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"1162","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"galaxies","slug":"galaxies","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"galaxies Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1171,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/galaxies"},"quest_11428":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11428","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11428","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"nebulae","slug":"nebulae","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"nebulae Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11461,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/nebulae"},"quest_3684":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_3684","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"3684","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"night sky","slug":"night-sky","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"night sky Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3712,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/night-sky"},"quest_2739":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2739","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2739","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"space","slug":"space","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"space Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2755,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/space"},"quest_11429":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11429","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11429","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"star clusters","slug":"star-clusters","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"star clusters Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11462,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/star-clusters"},"quest_11320":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11320","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11320","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Barnard's Star","slug":"barnards-star","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Barnard's Star Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11353,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/barnards-star"},"quest_11319":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11319","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11319","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"constellation","slug":"constellation","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"constellation Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11352,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/constellation"},"quest_2775":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2775","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2775","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"star","slug":"star","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"star Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2791,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/star"},"quest_505":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_505","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"505","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Cassini","slug":"cassini","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Cassini Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":508,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/cassini"},"quest_1027":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_1027","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"1027","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"europa","slug":"europa","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"europa Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1035,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/europa"},"quest_1164":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_1164","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"1164","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"galileo","slug":"galileo","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"galileo Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1173,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/galileo"},"quest_1492":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_1492","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"1492","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"io","slug":"io","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"io Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1503,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/io"},"quest_1918":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_1918","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"1918","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"nasa","slug":"nasa","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"nasa Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1930,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/nasa"},"quest_2034":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2034","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2034","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"ocean","slug":"ocean","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"ocean Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2047,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/ocean"},"quest_2513":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2513","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2513","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Saturn","slug":"saturn","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Saturn Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2529,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/saturn"},"quest_2936":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2936","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2936","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Tidal","slug":"tidal","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Tidal Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2952,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/tidal"},"quest_2937":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2937","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2937","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"tide","slug":"tide","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"tide Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2953,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/tide"},"quest_2947":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2947","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2947","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Titan","slug":"titan","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Titan Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2963,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/titan"},"quest_11240":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11240","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11240","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Voyager","slug":"voyager","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Voyager Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11273,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/voyager"},"quest_16":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_16","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"16","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Physics","slug":"physics","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Physics Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":17,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/category/physics"},"quest_252":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_252","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"252","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"audio","slug":"audio","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"audio Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":254,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/audio"},"quest_11252":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11252","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11252","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"black hole","slug":"black-hole","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"black hole Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11285,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/black-hole"},"quest_10280":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_10280","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"10280","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"einstein","slug":"einstein","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"einstein Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":10313,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/einstein"},"quest_13203":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_13203","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"13203","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"News","slug":"news","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"News Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2001,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/news"},"quest_13205":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_13205","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"13205","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Physics","slug":"physics","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Physics Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2211,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/physics"},"quest_10282":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_10282","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"10282","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"relativity","slug":"relativity","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"relativity Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":10315,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/relativity"},"quest_2891":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2891","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2891","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"telescope","slug":"telescope","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"telescope Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2907,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/telescope"},"quest_3021":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_3021","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"3021","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"UC Berkeley","slug":"uc-berkeley","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"UC Berkeley Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3038,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/uc-berkeley"}},"userAgentReducer":{"userAgent":"claudebot","isBot":true},"userPermissionsReducer":{"wpLoggedIn":false},"localStorageReducer":{},"browserHistoryReducer":[],"eventsReducer":{},"fssReducer":{},"tvDailyScheduleReducer":{},"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer":{},"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer":{},"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer":{},"userAccountReducer":{"routeTo":"","showDeleteConfirmModal":false,"user":{"userId":"","isFound":false,"firstName":"","lastName":"","phoneNumber":"","email":"","articles":[]}},"youthMediaReducer":{},"checkPleaseReducer":{"filterData":{},"restaurantData":[]},"location":{"pathname":"/quest/tag/astronomy","previousPathname":"/"}}