Technologies Poised to Keep Asian Carp at Bay, Slowed by Challenges
Asian Carp, an "Alien" Threat to Lake Erie
Invasive Species on the Move: the Great Lakes and Mississippi River Basins
Asian Carp: Threat to Great Lakes
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Despite majoring in Mandarin Chinese, Hannah developed an interest in journalism that solidified during an internship with CNN. Hannah joined QUEST after completing a writing fellowship with multimedia journalism lab Powering a Nation, in which she investigated water use along the Colorado River. When not chasing down a lead, Hannah plays guitar, explores the Cleveland Metroparks and restrains herself from petting woodland creatures.","userNicename":"hannah-weinberger","type":"guest-author"}],"slug":"technologies-poised-to-keep-asian-carp-at-bay-slowed-by-challenges","title":"Technologies Poised to Keep Asian Carp at Bay, Slowed by Challenges","publishDate":1391007649,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Technologies Poised to Keep Asian Carp at Bay, Slowed by Challenges | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Listening to scientists discuss the challenges presented by invasive Asian carp, you could easily confuse these conversations for war-room strategy sessions. Through a series of verbal exchanges peppered with tactical-grade language and anxiety, the consensus is that methods used to prevent bighead and silver carp from establishing themselves in the Great Lakes have so far been insufficient. While some of the strategies and techniques were innovative, there are questions about whether they were introduced too slowly to be effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Asian carp enter the Great Lakes, the region risks threats to its biodiversity, its $7 billion fishing industry, and the tourism industry dependent upon it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=3270\">Desperate for solutions\u003c/a>, engineers have dreamed up everything from underwater electroshock barriers, to walls of carbon dioxide bubbles, to chemicals that would kill only carp when ingested. Some have even campaigned for \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/22/asian-carp-antihunger-pro_n_975647.html\">eating the bony fish out of existence\u003c/a> by \u003ca href=\"http://research.noaa.gov/News/NewsArchive/LatestNews/TabId/684/ArtMID/1768/ArticleID/10205/Invasive-Fish-Becomes-Nutritious-Dish-for-Haitians-in-Need.aspx\">donating them to the hungry\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Necessity is the mother of invention, right?” says \u003ca href=\"http://ohioseagrant.osu.edu/outreach/extension/tgabriel/\">Tory Gabriel\u003c/a>, fisheries outreach coordinator for \u003ca href=\"http://ohioseagrant.osu.edu/\">Ohio Sea Grant\u003c/a>. “It’s sad we’re at this point where it is so pressing, but we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cleveland.com/nation/index.ssf/2011/08/asian_carp_ruling_appeals_cour.html\">Courts have been ruling against \u003c/a>drastic anti-carp measures for a while, saying that the fish weren’t close enough to the Great Lakes to require them. However, there are indications that some carp may have made it north to Chicago and Lake Erie. A few \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/fisheries/eDNA.html\">eDNA hits\u003c/a> — that is, DNA sifted from water samples — have shown up in places like Sandusky Bay and the Maumee River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, the measures put in place so far throughout the water systems — permeable underwater wire gates and electroshock barriers being the most common — have been deemed insufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recently released a 232-page report outlining eight strategies for controlling 13 aquatic nuisance species (ANS), including the carp. The report focused on the Chicago Area Water System (CAWS), where a man-made connection between the Mississippi and Great Lakes water systems presents the easiest pathway for carp into the Great Lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66478\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/CAWS-allbarriers-2250pxw.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-66478 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/CAWS-allbarriers-2250pxw-448x360.jpg\" alt=\"The Chicago Area Waterway System, determined to be the easiest way for Asian carp to enter the Great Lakes. Credit: Greats Lakes Commission.\" width=\"403\" height=\"324\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Chicago Area Waterway System, determined to be the easiest way for Asian carp to enter the Great Lakes. Credit: Greats Lakes Commission. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even the least intensive option, a mix of chemical and biological technologies, would require 25 years and as much as a staggering $18 billion to complete, mostly due to costs involved with r\u003ca href=\"http://www.jsonline.com/news/opinion/closing-the-chicago-canal-is-still-the-best-option-for-great-lakes-b99179382z1-239185171.html\">edesigning sewage systems in Chicago\u003c/a>. Risk-reduction estimates at 5, 25, and even 50 years are speckled with asterisks showing that ANS colonies are still likely during earlier stages of construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Twenty-five years is unacceptable,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatlakes.org/Document.Doc?id=1017\">Jared Teutsch\u003c/a> of the Alliance for the Great Lakes, a nonprofit collective of scientists and educators. “We need urgency and a process to move forward quickly to stop the spread of Asian carp and other aquatic invasive species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unfortunate twist, the Army Corps’ long-awaited \u003ca href=\"http://glmris.anl.gov/documents/docs/glmrisreport/GLMRIS_Report.pdf\">Great Lakes and Mississippi River Interbasin Study\u003c/a> (GLMRIS) was released in the wake of \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/Portals/36/docs/projects/ans/docs/Fish-Barge%20Interaction%20and%20DIDSON%20at%20electric%20barriers%20-%2012202013.pdf\">reports from within its own department\u003c/a> that the last line of defense against the carps’ invasion of the Great Lakes — an \u003ca href=\"http://acwi.gov/monitoring/webinars/CAWS_AsianCarp_20111013.pdf\">electric dispersal barrier\u003c/a> at the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal in the CAWS — has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleveland.com/outdoors/index.ssf/2013/12/asian_carp_report_due_jan_6_bu.html\">ineffective\u003c/a> at keeping carp at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Reel Big Problems: Anti-Carp Technology\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Great Lakes residents have watched apprehensively ever since the imported fish began heading north. The carp’s voracious appetite for algae and animal plankton made it an environmentally friendly cleanup tool for dirty fish farms along the Mississippi, but that same appetite makes it lethal to competing native fish species and the lakes themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asian carp eat low on the food chain but can weigh up to 100 pounds, outcompeting smaller fish. Worse, there are some indications the invasive fish could \u003ca href=\"http://www.miseagrant.umich.edu/downloads/ais/10-750-fs-asian-carp.pdf\">aggravate the harmful algal blooms\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/battling-the-bloom-lake-erie/\">plague many of the Great Lakes\u003c/a>. Some noxious blue-green algae have protective coatings that allow them to \u003ca href=\"http://seagrant.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/invasive-species/toolkit/asian-carp-factsheet.html\">survive the carps’ digestive process\u003c/a> while accessing nutrients picked up during filter feeding. Bighead and silver carp have no natural predators, and researchers estimate it would only take 10 of these carp to start a spawning population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asian carp \u003ca href=\"http://www.watershedcouncil.org/learn/aquatic%20invasive%20species/asian-carp/detailed-timeline/\">started creeping north\u003c/a> after escaping from fisheries along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers during floods in 1993. Today, Asian carp make up 90 percent of the fish biomass in the Mississippi water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They breed like mosquitos and eat like hogs,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoec.org/contact/kristy-meyer-ms\">Kristy Meyer\u003c/a>, managing director of agricultural and clean water programs for the Ohio Environmental Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of this is good news for Lake Erie, a lake whose history brims with biblically sized algal blooms and that produces \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/ohio/statements/2012/mar/22/marcy-kaptur/rep-marcy-kaptur-says-lake-erie-has-more-native-fi/\">over 50 percent of all Great Lakes game fish\u003c/a> — supporting an \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoec.org/LakeErie\">$11.5 billion tourism industry\u003c/a> and 117,000 jobs in Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of this, engineers have been encouraged to develop just about any solution to keep carp at bay — or out of one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such solution was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20131223/METRO06/312230088\">electric barrier\u003c/a> in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, which was meant to keep Asian carp from swimming through the CAWS and into Lake Michigan. Of the identified 18 points of entry into the Great Lakes, the Army Corps believes the CAWS point is the most critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The barrier consists of three electrodes arranged in a line. These electrodes power a barrier much like an electric fence for dogs. Fish swimming into it receive an electric shock sufficient enough to stun them and keep them out — in theory. According to a report issued by the Army Corps in December, 2013, the barrier is effective against adult carp, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/report-fish-swim-past-electric-barrier-meant-to-block-asian-carp-b99170326z1-237051941.html\">smaller fish of two to four inches long were able to find a loophole.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66449\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1673px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-66449\" title=\"Credit: Hannah Weinberger, ideastream\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp.jpg\" alt=\"AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp\" width=\"1673\" height=\"941\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1673px) 100vw, 1673px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Credit: Hannah Weinberger, ideastream. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Every day, dozens of barges sweep up and down the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal; and when something as large, dense, and metallic as a barge passes through, the “electric fence” is temporarily disrupted. Disruptions have been significant enough that other fish species have been able to swim through the barrier alongside or in the wake of barges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same report notes the electrical field might not even be strong enough to incapacitate fish, despite the fact that its voltage had already been cranked up once before, in 2011. Also, power outages are a concern: an outage in 2012 put the barrier out of commission for 45 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the first time this kind of technology has failed. In the early 2000s it was used to try to get rid of gobies in the Great Lakes, another invasive aquatic species. But by the time the Army Corps of Engineers erected the barrier’s electrode system, the gobies had already infiltrated the Mississippi water system via Lake Michigan. Due to slow implementation, the barrier was never truly put to the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Debating the Best Defense\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>With carp gaining on our best defenses, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleveland.com/opinion/index.ssf/2014/01/cleveland_to_corps_get_er_done.html\">many environmentalists are concerned\u003c/a> that the GLMRIS study wasn’t intended to lead to a decision directly, and that it’s still possible that nothing will be done to combat carp at the federal level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The Corps’] task from Congress was just to come up with possible scenarios,” clarifies Christopher Winslow, assistant director of the Ohio Sea Grant program. “So even in the GLMRIS report, all they’re saying is, ‘these seem like logical and feasible approaches.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, already years in the making, leaves room for ambiguity about actual execution of the plans — only 5 percent of each of the eight options has been designed. Meyer worries this will stagnate the construction process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to see them now say, ‘Okay, well, let’s select [a plan] and do a few more years of the study to make sure that it’s even feasible,’” Meyer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a big risk to take when plans require billions in funding. Still, an appropriate plan may pay off in the long term. Recent studies suggest that controlling the spread of invasive species already present in the Great Lakes can cost \u003ca href=\"http://news.nd.edu/news/29875-new-paper-assigns-dollar-figure-to-cost-from-ship-borne-invasive-species-to-the-great-lakes/\">up to $800 million annually\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just like in medicine — prevention is worth a pound of cure,” Winslow says. “Once they get in here … it might ultimately be less expensive to write that price tag off now than it would be to incur the annual upkeep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists aren’t endorsing irresponsibility, but they do want action, and they worry that now is not the time for strict protocol or evaluation of every possible technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of all the methods presented, the most experimental involves a device called the GLMRIS Lock. Barges traveling between water systems would enter a lock, have all the water with them drained, and then pass into a bed of treated, clean water. It’s also the plan that gives most pause to environmentalists like \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/ohio/facesofconservation/john-stark.xml\">John Stark\u003c/a>, freshwater director of the Ohio arm of The Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66475\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 336px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/asian-jumping-fish.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-66475 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/asian-jumping-fish-420x360.jpg\" alt=\"Incredibly bony heavy, Asian carp have been known to injure boaters and waterskiiers when they jump from the water. Credit: Louisville USACE.\" width=\"336\" height=\"288\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Incredibly bony heavy, Asian carp have been known to injure boaters and water skiers when they jump from the water. Credit: Louisville USACE.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“My concern is, when you read the description of what they would have to do and the system that would supply it, it seems to me there’s all kinds of areas where that system could potentially fail,” Stark says. Between dependence on electricity, the prospect of mixing treatment chemicals incorrectly, and pipes breaking, Stark doesn’t see the lock as a sustainable choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Building Barriers that Work\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Two solutions proposed in the GLMRIS report reflect the calls of activists and some scientists by including a sought-after mechanism: complete division of the Mississippi and Great Lakes water systems at critical entry points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not even just for Asian carp — you want to separate these two basins as much as possible for all invasives, ones that are there now and ones that might be in the future,” Tory Gabriel of Ohio Sea Grant says. “But ideally the best thing would be to physically separate the two watersheds, like they were naturally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While technological prototypes abound, hydrologic separation calls for a simple earthen-and-concrete barrier built up between water systems. Locks, bubble jets, and electroshock barriers offer possibilities of migration, but it’s pretty hard to swim through solid ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barriers are much more sustainable and less involved than other suggested technologies, says The Nature Conservancy’s John Stark. They aren’t simple to build, but they don’t require as much upkeep or engineering as pipe systems and treatment plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The trick with the barrier itself is that they’ll have to physically move cargo from one side of the barrier to the other, and potentially boats,” Stark says. “Nothing is going to be absolutely 100 percent, but this [hydrologic] barrier’s probably as close as you can get.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to complete hydrologic separation in the CAWS — the most critical entry point between the Mississippi and Great Lakes — Chicago would have to \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlanticcities.com/politics/2014/01/century-later-expensive-lesson-reversing-chicago-river/8069/\">redirect its entire septic and water system \u003c/a>back toward Lake Michigan. The only reason the two water systems connect at all is because the city redirected the flow a century ago for septic purposes. But with significant shipping interest in the city today, it has been difficult to pass barrier legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s easy to say that you could just go in and physically separate any water that connects the two basins, …but it’s never that easy,” Winslow says. “There’s always conflict of interest and different user groups, and money’s always an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one thing is clear: while people debate the pros and cons of creating new barriers, Asian carp continue to barrel through existing ones.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In response to the major threats posed to the Great Lakes by invasive Asian carp, engineers have developed devices to keep them out, but delays in deciding how to implement them might give the fish an edge.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1694194542,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":2018},"headData":{"title":"Technologies Poised to Keep Asian Carp at Bay, Slowed by Challenges | KQED","description":"In response to the major threats posed to the Great Lakes by invasive Asian carp, engineers have developed devices to keep them out, but delays in deciding how to implement them might give the fish an edge.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/65653/technologies-poised-to-keep-asian-carp-at-bay-slowed-by-challenges","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Listening to scientists discuss the challenges presented by invasive Asian carp, you could easily confuse these conversations for war-room strategy sessions. Through a series of verbal exchanges peppered with tactical-grade language and anxiety, the consensus is that methods used to prevent bighead and silver carp from establishing themselves in the Great Lakes have so far been insufficient. While some of the strategies and techniques were innovative, there are questions about whether they were introduced too slowly to be effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Asian carp enter the Great Lakes, the region risks threats to its biodiversity, its $7 billion fishing industry, and the tourism industry dependent upon it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=3270\">Desperate for solutions\u003c/a>, engineers have dreamed up everything from underwater electroshock barriers, to walls of carbon dioxide bubbles, to chemicals that would kill only carp when ingested. Some have even campaigned for \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/22/asian-carp-antihunger-pro_n_975647.html\">eating the bony fish out of existence\u003c/a> by \u003ca href=\"http://research.noaa.gov/News/NewsArchive/LatestNews/TabId/684/ArtMID/1768/ArticleID/10205/Invasive-Fish-Becomes-Nutritious-Dish-for-Haitians-in-Need.aspx\">donating them to the hungry\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Necessity is the mother of invention, right?” says \u003ca href=\"http://ohioseagrant.osu.edu/outreach/extension/tgabriel/\">Tory Gabriel\u003c/a>, fisheries outreach coordinator for \u003ca href=\"http://ohioseagrant.osu.edu/\">Ohio Sea Grant\u003c/a>. “It’s sad we’re at this point where it is so pressing, but we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cleveland.com/nation/index.ssf/2011/08/asian_carp_ruling_appeals_cour.html\">Courts have been ruling against \u003c/a>drastic anti-carp measures for a while, saying that the fish weren’t close enough to the Great Lakes to require them. However, there are indications that some carp may have made it north to Chicago and Lake Erie. A few \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/fisheries/eDNA.html\">eDNA hits\u003c/a> — that is, DNA sifted from water samples — have shown up in places like Sandusky Bay and the Maumee River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, the measures put in place so far throughout the water systems — permeable underwater wire gates and electroshock barriers being the most common — have been deemed insufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recently released a 232-page report outlining eight strategies for controlling 13 aquatic nuisance species (ANS), including the carp. The report focused on the Chicago Area Water System (CAWS), where a man-made connection between the Mississippi and Great Lakes water systems presents the easiest pathway for carp into the Great Lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66478\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/CAWS-allbarriers-2250pxw.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-66478 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/CAWS-allbarriers-2250pxw-448x360.jpg\" alt=\"The Chicago Area Waterway System, determined to be the easiest way for Asian carp to enter the Great Lakes. Credit: Greats Lakes Commission.\" width=\"403\" height=\"324\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Chicago Area Waterway System, determined to be the easiest way for Asian carp to enter the Great Lakes. Credit: Greats Lakes Commission. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even the least intensive option, a mix of chemical and biological technologies, would require 25 years and as much as a staggering $18 billion to complete, mostly due to costs involved with r\u003ca href=\"http://www.jsonline.com/news/opinion/closing-the-chicago-canal-is-still-the-best-option-for-great-lakes-b99179382z1-239185171.html\">edesigning sewage systems in Chicago\u003c/a>. Risk-reduction estimates at 5, 25, and even 50 years are speckled with asterisks showing that ANS colonies are still likely during earlier stages of construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Twenty-five years is unacceptable,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatlakes.org/Document.Doc?id=1017\">Jared Teutsch\u003c/a> of the Alliance for the Great Lakes, a nonprofit collective of scientists and educators. “We need urgency and a process to move forward quickly to stop the spread of Asian carp and other aquatic invasive species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unfortunate twist, the Army Corps’ long-awaited \u003ca href=\"http://glmris.anl.gov/documents/docs/glmrisreport/GLMRIS_Report.pdf\">Great Lakes and Mississippi River Interbasin Study\u003c/a> (GLMRIS) was released in the wake of \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/Portals/36/docs/projects/ans/docs/Fish-Barge%20Interaction%20and%20DIDSON%20at%20electric%20barriers%20-%2012202013.pdf\">reports from within its own department\u003c/a> that the last line of defense against the carps’ invasion of the Great Lakes — an \u003ca href=\"http://acwi.gov/monitoring/webinars/CAWS_AsianCarp_20111013.pdf\">electric dispersal barrier\u003c/a> at the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal in the CAWS — has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleveland.com/outdoors/index.ssf/2013/12/asian_carp_report_due_jan_6_bu.html\">ineffective\u003c/a> at keeping carp at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Reel Big Problems: Anti-Carp Technology\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Great Lakes residents have watched apprehensively ever since the imported fish began heading north. The carp’s voracious appetite for algae and animal plankton made it an environmentally friendly cleanup tool for dirty fish farms along the Mississippi, but that same appetite makes it lethal to competing native fish species and the lakes themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asian carp eat low on the food chain but can weigh up to 100 pounds, outcompeting smaller fish. Worse, there are some indications the invasive fish could \u003ca href=\"http://www.miseagrant.umich.edu/downloads/ais/10-750-fs-asian-carp.pdf\">aggravate the harmful algal blooms\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/battling-the-bloom-lake-erie/\">plague many of the Great Lakes\u003c/a>. Some noxious blue-green algae have protective coatings that allow them to \u003ca href=\"http://seagrant.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/invasive-species/toolkit/asian-carp-factsheet.html\">survive the carps’ digestive process\u003c/a> while accessing nutrients picked up during filter feeding. Bighead and silver carp have no natural predators, and researchers estimate it would only take 10 of these carp to start a spawning population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asian carp \u003ca href=\"http://www.watershedcouncil.org/learn/aquatic%20invasive%20species/asian-carp/detailed-timeline/\">started creeping north\u003c/a> after escaping from fisheries along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers during floods in 1993. Today, Asian carp make up 90 percent of the fish biomass in the Mississippi water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They breed like mosquitos and eat like hogs,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoec.org/contact/kristy-meyer-ms\">Kristy Meyer\u003c/a>, managing director of agricultural and clean water programs for the Ohio Environmental Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of this is good news for Lake Erie, a lake whose history brims with biblically sized algal blooms and that produces \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/ohio/statements/2012/mar/22/marcy-kaptur/rep-marcy-kaptur-says-lake-erie-has-more-native-fi/\">over 50 percent of all Great Lakes game fish\u003c/a> — supporting an \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoec.org/LakeErie\">$11.5 billion tourism industry\u003c/a> and 117,000 jobs in Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of this, engineers have been encouraged to develop just about any solution to keep carp at bay — or out of one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such solution was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20131223/METRO06/312230088\">electric barrier\u003c/a> in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, which was meant to keep Asian carp from swimming through the CAWS and into Lake Michigan. Of the identified 18 points of entry into the Great Lakes, the Army Corps believes the CAWS point is the most critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The barrier consists of three electrodes arranged in a line. These electrodes power a barrier much like an electric fence for dogs. Fish swimming into it receive an electric shock sufficient enough to stun them and keep them out — in theory. According to a report issued by the Army Corps in December, 2013, the barrier is effective against adult carp, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/report-fish-swim-past-electric-barrier-meant-to-block-asian-carp-b99170326z1-237051941.html\">smaller fish of two to four inches long were able to find a loophole.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66449\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1673px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-66449\" title=\"Credit: Hannah Weinberger, ideastream\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp.jpg\" alt=\"AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp\" width=\"1673\" height=\"941\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/AbsolutelyFinalHannahCarp-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1673px) 100vw, 1673px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Credit: Hannah Weinberger, ideastream. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Every day, dozens of barges sweep up and down the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal; and when something as large, dense, and metallic as a barge passes through, the “electric fence” is temporarily disrupted. Disruptions have been significant enough that other fish species have been able to swim through the barrier alongside or in the wake of barges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same report notes the electrical field might not even be strong enough to incapacitate fish, despite the fact that its voltage had already been cranked up once before, in 2011. Also, power outages are a concern: an outage in 2012 put the barrier out of commission for 45 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the first time this kind of technology has failed. In the early 2000s it was used to try to get rid of gobies in the Great Lakes, another invasive aquatic species. But by the time the Army Corps of Engineers erected the barrier’s electrode system, the gobies had already infiltrated the Mississippi water system via Lake Michigan. Due to slow implementation, the barrier was never truly put to the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Debating the Best Defense\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>With carp gaining on our best defenses, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleveland.com/opinion/index.ssf/2014/01/cleveland_to_corps_get_er_done.html\">many environmentalists are concerned\u003c/a> that the GLMRIS study wasn’t intended to lead to a decision directly, and that it’s still possible that nothing will be done to combat carp at the federal level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The Corps’] task from Congress was just to come up with possible scenarios,” clarifies Christopher Winslow, assistant director of the Ohio Sea Grant program. “So even in the GLMRIS report, all they’re saying is, ‘these seem like logical and feasible approaches.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, already years in the making, leaves room for ambiguity about actual execution of the plans — only 5 percent of each of the eight options has been designed. Meyer worries this will stagnate the construction process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to see them now say, ‘Okay, well, let’s select [a plan] and do a few more years of the study to make sure that it’s even feasible,’” Meyer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a big risk to take when plans require billions in funding. Still, an appropriate plan may pay off in the long term. Recent studies suggest that controlling the spread of invasive species already present in the Great Lakes can cost \u003ca href=\"http://news.nd.edu/news/29875-new-paper-assigns-dollar-figure-to-cost-from-ship-borne-invasive-species-to-the-great-lakes/\">up to $800 million annually\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just like in medicine — prevention is worth a pound of cure,” Winslow says. “Once they get in here … it might ultimately be less expensive to write that price tag off now than it would be to incur the annual upkeep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists aren’t endorsing irresponsibility, but they do want action, and they worry that now is not the time for strict protocol or evaluation of every possible technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of all the methods presented, the most experimental involves a device called the GLMRIS Lock. Barges traveling between water systems would enter a lock, have all the water with them drained, and then pass into a bed of treated, clean water. It’s also the plan that gives most pause to environmentalists like \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/ohio/facesofconservation/john-stark.xml\">John Stark\u003c/a>, freshwater director of the Ohio arm of The Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66475\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 336px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/asian-jumping-fish.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-66475 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/asian-jumping-fish-420x360.jpg\" alt=\"Incredibly bony heavy, Asian carp have been known to injure boaters and waterskiiers when they jump from the water. Credit: Louisville USACE.\" width=\"336\" height=\"288\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Incredibly bony heavy, Asian carp have been known to injure boaters and water skiers when they jump from the water. Credit: Louisville USACE.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“My concern is, when you read the description of what they would have to do and the system that would supply it, it seems to me there’s all kinds of areas where that system could potentially fail,” Stark says. Between dependence on electricity, the prospect of mixing treatment chemicals incorrectly, and pipes breaking, Stark doesn’t see the lock as a sustainable choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Building Barriers that Work\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Two solutions proposed in the GLMRIS report reflect the calls of activists and some scientists by including a sought-after mechanism: complete division of the Mississippi and Great Lakes water systems at critical entry points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not even just for Asian carp — you want to separate these two basins as much as possible for all invasives, ones that are there now and ones that might be in the future,” Tory Gabriel of Ohio Sea Grant says. “But ideally the best thing would be to physically separate the two watersheds, like they were naturally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While technological prototypes abound, hydrologic separation calls for a simple earthen-and-concrete barrier built up between water systems. Locks, bubble jets, and electroshock barriers offer possibilities of migration, but it’s pretty hard to swim through solid ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barriers are much more sustainable and less involved than other suggested technologies, says The Nature Conservancy’s John Stark. They aren’t simple to build, but they don’t require as much upkeep or engineering as pipe systems and treatment plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The trick with the barrier itself is that they’ll have to physically move cargo from one side of the barrier to the other, and potentially boats,” Stark says. “Nothing is going to be absolutely 100 percent, but this [hydrologic] barrier’s probably as close as you can get.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to complete hydrologic separation in the CAWS — the most critical entry point between the Mississippi and Great Lakes — Chicago would have to \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlanticcities.com/politics/2014/01/century-later-expensive-lesson-reversing-chicago-river/8069/\">redirect its entire septic and water system \u003c/a>back toward Lake Michigan. The only reason the two water systems connect at all is because the city redirected the flow a century ago for septic purposes. But with significant shipping interest in the city today, it has been difficult to pass barrier legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s easy to say that you could just go in and physically separate any water that connects the two basins, …but it’s never that easy,” Winslow says. “There’s always conflict of interest and different user groups, and money’s always an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one thing is clear: while people debate the pros and cons of creating new barriers, Asian carp continue to barrel through existing ones.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/65653/technologies-poised-to-keep-asian-carp-at-bay-slowed-by-challenges","authors":["64479"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_10200","quest_326","quest_12269","quest_12577","quest_12576","quest_10327","quest_1489","quest_12098","quest_10429","quest_12575"],"label":"source_quest_65653"},"quest_26353":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_26353","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"26353","score":null,"sort":[1320179593000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie","title":"Asian Carp, an \"Alien\" Threat to Lake Erie ","publishDate":1320179593,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26395\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 259px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie/lsi_poster/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26395\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-26395\" title=\"lsi_poster\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/lsi_poster-259x360.jpg\" alt='\"Attack of the Alien Invaders,\" produced by WVIZ/PBS, was first created as an educational series called \"LSI: Life Science Investigation.\"' width=\"259\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"Attack of the Alien Invaders,\" produced by WVIZ/PBS, was first created as an educational series called \"LSI: Life Science Investigation.\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lake Erie is considered to be the most productive of all five of the Great Lakes.Within its waters are diverse and interdependent plants and animals that make up an intricate web of life. Mostly due to human carelessness, the lake has become home to an increasing number of non-native plants, animals, and micro-organisms which threaten the balance of the entire ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the WVIZ/PBS program, \u003ca title=\"Attack of the Alien Invaders\" href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/programs/attack\" target=\"_blank\">Attack of the Alien Invaders\u003c/a>, Dante Centuori, Director of Creative Productions at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatscience.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Great Lakes Science Center\u003c/a> in Cleveland, Ohio, traveled in and around Lake Erie visiting with scientists and government officials who are investigating Lake Erie’s ecosystem, the challenges it has faced in the past, as well as those it may face in the future. Of particular interest was one of the biggest potential threats to the lake- a voracious invasive species collectively called “Asian carp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/aquaticanimals/asiancarp/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Bighead carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis\u003c/em>) and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/aquaticanimals/asiancarp/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Silver carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix\u003c/em>) were first introduced to the U.S. in the 1970s as a chemical-free and “environmentally friendly” way of cleaning up algae in southern fish farms and water treatment plants. During the Mississippi River floods of the early 1990s, these fish escaped into “The Big River” and its tributaries. Since then, these big, hungry, and prolific fish have made their way north all the way up to the back door of the Great Lakes. If they enter the Great Lakes, it is feared that these fish will continue on to Lake Erie where they could further disrupt the Great Lakes’ most productive ecosystem, with unknown long-term consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26419\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie/dante_hageman/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26419\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-26419\" title=\"dante_hageman\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/dante_hageman-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dante and John Hageman\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Hageman from Ohio State's Stone Laboratory shows Dante Centuori an invasive Silver Carp.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dante first visited \u003ca href=\"http://stonelab.osu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stone Laboratory\u003c/a>, a research facility located in the Western Basin of Lake Erie in Put-in-Bay, Ohio. There, he met John Hageman who displayed, and dissected a Silver carp; revealing an anatomical structure that makes these fish particularly threatening to the food energy balance so important to Lake Erie’s native inhabitants. Dante then accompanied another Stone Lab researcher on a good old fashioned Lake Erie “fish trawl” where he came across many of the lake’s native and invasive species-- such as the omnipresent \u003ca href=\"http://www.glsc.usgs.gov/main.php?content=research_invasive_zebramussel&title=Invasive%20Invertebrates0&menu=research_invasive_invertebrates\" target=\"_blank\">zebra mussel\u003c/a> and the abundant \u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?speciesid=95\" target=\"_blank\">quagga mussel\u003c/a>, two detrimental invasives brought in to the Great Lakes by the ballast water of ocean-going vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dante continued on to \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/ExperienceWildlifeSubHomePage/where_to_viewwildlifelandingpage/OldWomanCreekDefault/tabid/15312/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Old Woman Creek\u003c/a>, a national research center and fresh water estuary in nearby Huron, Ohio, where he encountered some frisky \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/species_a_to_z/SpeciesGuideIndex/commoncarp/tabid/6589/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>common\u003c/em> carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Cyprinus carpio\u003c/em>) whose behavior may help scientists predict what may happen to Ohio’s interior rivers and streams, if their distant relatives from the east choose to join them. Next, he returned to Stone Lab to investigate how the Bighead and Silver carp have influenced and impacted the native species of the Mississippi and Illinois River ecosystems. He next traveled to Lake Erie’s Central Basin- to Cleveland, Ohio for a rendezvous with a federal employee who explained how Asian carp are being monitored and controlled in one of the most probable points of entry into the Great Lakes, Chicago’s \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Sanitary_and_Ship_Canal\" target=\"_blank\">Shipping and Sanitary Canal\u003c/a> at the southern end of Lake Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, Dante returned to Put-In-Bay where he talked with Jeff Tyson of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohiodnr.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Ohio Department of Natural Resources\u003c/a>, who described the management techniques used to control one of the harmful invasive species in Lake Erie; the \u003ca href=\"http://www.glsc.usgs.gov/main.php?content=research_lamprey&title=...nu=research_invasive_fish\" target=\"_blank\">Sea Lamprey\u003c/a>. Could techniques similar to those used to control the Lamprey be applied in the event of an Asian carp invasion? What other plans are in place if these strange and dangerous \"jumping fish\" make it to Lake Erie? If they do, and these strategies don’t work, what’s next? Even though each expert interviewed had his or her own theory, in the end, they all agreed that it is not a scenario that they’d want to see play out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/programs/attack\" target=\"_blank\">Attack of the Alien Invaders\u003c/a>\u003c/em> was broadcasted to a general audience in January of 2011, WVIZ Education produced “\u003ca href=\"http://www.wviz.org/lsi\" target=\"_blank\">LSI: Life Science Investigation\u003c/a>,” a multi-media resource created for the classroom. Scott Barber, a teacher in Berea, Ohio, explained how this “fish story,” presented as an interactive mystery, and accompanying classroom resources on the web, has helped his students learn core life science concepts.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366755318,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":760},"headData":{"title":"Asian Carp, an \"Alien\" Threat to Lake Erie | KQED","description":"Lake Erie is considered to be the most productive of all five of the Great Lakes.Within its waters are diverse and interdependent plants and animals that make up an intricate web of life. Mostly due to human carelessness, the lake has become home to an increasing number of non-native plants, animals, and micro-organisms which threaten","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"26353 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=news_articles&p=26353","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie/","disqusTitle":"Asian Carp, an \"Alien\" Threat to Lake Erie ","path":"/quest/26353/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26395\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 259px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie/lsi_poster/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26395\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-26395\" title=\"lsi_poster\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/lsi_poster-259x360.jpg\" alt='\"Attack of the Alien Invaders,\" produced by WVIZ/PBS, was first created as an educational series called \"LSI: Life Science Investigation.\"' width=\"259\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"Attack of the Alien Invaders,\" produced by WVIZ/PBS, was first created as an educational series called \"LSI: Life Science Investigation.\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lake Erie is considered to be the most productive of all five of the Great Lakes.Within its waters are diverse and interdependent plants and animals that make up an intricate web of life. Mostly due to human carelessness, the lake has become home to an increasing number of non-native plants, animals, and micro-organisms which threaten the balance of the entire ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the WVIZ/PBS program, \u003ca title=\"Attack of the Alien Invaders\" href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/programs/attack\" target=\"_blank\">Attack of the Alien Invaders\u003c/a>, Dante Centuori, Director of Creative Productions at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatscience.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Great Lakes Science Center\u003c/a> in Cleveland, Ohio, traveled in and around Lake Erie visiting with scientists and government officials who are investigating Lake Erie’s ecosystem, the challenges it has faced in the past, as well as those it may face in the future. Of particular interest was one of the biggest potential threats to the lake- a voracious invasive species collectively called “Asian carp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/aquaticanimals/asiancarp/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Bighead carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis\u003c/em>) and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/aquaticanimals/asiancarp/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Silver carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix\u003c/em>) were first introduced to the U.S. in the 1970s as a chemical-free and “environmentally friendly” way of cleaning up algae in southern fish farms and water treatment plants. During the Mississippi River floods of the early 1990s, these fish escaped into “The Big River” and its tributaries. Since then, these big, hungry, and prolific fish have made their way north all the way up to the back door of the Great Lakes. If they enter the Great Lakes, it is feared that these fish will continue on to Lake Erie where they could further disrupt the Great Lakes’ most productive ecosystem, with unknown long-term consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26419\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie/dante_hageman/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26419\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-26419\" title=\"dante_hageman\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/dante_hageman-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dante and John Hageman\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Hageman from Ohio State's Stone Laboratory shows Dante Centuori an invasive Silver Carp.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dante first visited \u003ca href=\"http://stonelab.osu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stone Laboratory\u003c/a>, a research facility located in the Western Basin of Lake Erie in Put-in-Bay, Ohio. There, he met John Hageman who displayed, and dissected a Silver carp; revealing an anatomical structure that makes these fish particularly threatening to the food energy balance so important to Lake Erie’s native inhabitants. Dante then accompanied another Stone Lab researcher on a good old fashioned Lake Erie “fish trawl” where he came across many of the lake’s native and invasive species-- such as the omnipresent \u003ca href=\"http://www.glsc.usgs.gov/main.php?content=research_invasive_zebramussel&title=Invasive%20Invertebrates0&menu=research_invasive_invertebrates\" target=\"_blank\">zebra mussel\u003c/a> and the abundant \u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?speciesid=95\" target=\"_blank\">quagga mussel\u003c/a>, two detrimental invasives brought in to the Great Lakes by the ballast water of ocean-going vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dante continued on to \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/ExperienceWildlifeSubHomePage/where_to_viewwildlifelandingpage/OldWomanCreekDefault/tabid/15312/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Old Woman Creek\u003c/a>, a national research center and fresh water estuary in nearby Huron, Ohio, where he encountered some frisky \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/species_a_to_z/SpeciesGuideIndex/commoncarp/tabid/6589/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>common\u003c/em> carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Cyprinus carpio\u003c/em>) whose behavior may help scientists predict what may happen to Ohio’s interior rivers and streams, if their distant relatives from the east choose to join them. Next, he returned to Stone Lab to investigate how the Bighead and Silver carp have influenced and impacted the native species of the Mississippi and Illinois River ecosystems. He next traveled to Lake Erie’s Central Basin- to Cleveland, Ohio for a rendezvous with a federal employee who explained how Asian carp are being monitored and controlled in one of the most probable points of entry into the Great Lakes, Chicago’s \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Sanitary_and_Ship_Canal\" target=\"_blank\">Shipping and Sanitary Canal\u003c/a> at the southern end of Lake Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, Dante returned to Put-In-Bay where he talked with Jeff Tyson of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohiodnr.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Ohio Department of Natural Resources\u003c/a>, who described the management techniques used to control one of the harmful invasive species in Lake Erie; the \u003ca href=\"http://www.glsc.usgs.gov/main.php?content=research_lamprey&title=...nu=research_invasive_fish\" target=\"_blank\">Sea Lamprey\u003c/a>. Could techniques similar to those used to control the Lamprey be applied in the event of an Asian carp invasion? What other plans are in place if these strange and dangerous \"jumping fish\" make it to Lake Erie? If they do, and these strategies don’t work, what’s next? Even though each expert interviewed had his or her own theory, in the end, they all agreed that it is not a scenario that they’d want to see play out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/programs/attack\" target=\"_blank\">Attack of the Alien Invaders\u003c/a>\u003c/em> was broadcasted to a general audience in January of 2011, WVIZ Education produced “\u003ca href=\"http://www.wviz.org/lsi\" target=\"_blank\">LSI: Life Science Investigation\u003c/a>,” a multi-media resource created for the classroom. Scott Barber, a teacher in Berea, Ohio, explained how this “fish story,” presented as an interactive mystery, and accompanying classroom resources on the web, has helped his students learn core life science concepts.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/26353/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie","authors":["10264"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_10200","quest_326","quest_10378","quest_10336","quest_10201","quest_1489","quest_10380","quest_10379","quest_3293","quest_3108"],"featImg":"quest_26613","label":"quest"},"quest_26322":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_26322","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"26322","score":null,"sort":[1320178264000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"invasive-species-on-the-move-the-great-lakes-and-mississippi-river-basins","title":"Invasive Species on the Move: the Great Lakes and Mississippi River Basins","publishDate":1320178264,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>On Interstate 80/90 in Ohio there is a small, unassuming sign that indicates you have crossed the line that divides the Great Lakes \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin\">basin\u003c/a> and the Mississippi River basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeping these two watersheds separate is important for the health of both water systems, but that dividing line is not stopping water and fish from moving between the basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Great Lakes Mississippi River Interbasin Study (\u003ca href=\"http://glmris.anl.gov/documents/docs/Other_Pathways_Risk.pdf\">GLMRIS\u003c/a>) indicates that a water exchange between basins (\u003cstrong>hydrological risk\u003c/strong>) could occur through wetlands, ancient portage routes, rivers and streams during high water events or floods. This could allow non-native organisms, known as \u003cstrong>Aquatic Nuisance Species (\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.anstaskforce.gov/ans.php\">ANS\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>) \u003c/strong>to displace native species and degrade native habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=embed&hl=en&geocode=&q=http:%2F%2Fportalwisconsin.org%2Fmap%2Flocations_final.kml&aq=&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=43.713406,67.763672&vpsrc=6&ie=UTF8&t=p&ll=43.802819,-86.132812&spn=15.2199,28.081055&z=5&output=embed\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003csmall>\u003ca style=\"color: #0000ff; text-align: left;\" href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=embed&hl=en&geocode=&q=http:%2F%2Fportalwisconsin.org%2Fmap%2Flocations_final.kml&aq=&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=43.713406,67.763672&vpsrc=6&ie=UTF8&t=p&ll=43.802819,-86.132812&spn=15.2199,28.081055&z=5\">View Larger Map\u003c/a>. This map is based on the GLMRIS Other Pathways Preliminary Risk Characterization which was completed in 2010. Updated H&H ratings and biological assessments will be presented in the Other Aquatic Pathways Risk Characterization Report expected for release in spring 2012.\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in consultation with federal, state and local governments, Native American tribes, and non-governmental organizations has identified two focus areas, the Chicago Area Waterway System, and potential pathway locations\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>along the Great Lakes/Mississippi River divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Information about steps being taken in the Chicago Area Waterway System to deal with ANS and hydrological issues can be found in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/asian-carp-threat-to-great-lakes/\">Asian Carp: Threat to Great Lakes video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GLMRIS is focusing on eighteen locations along the Great Lakes/Mississippi River basin that require further study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of these locations, the area that elicits the most concern is \u003ca href=\"http://www.in.gov/portal/news_events/58486.htm\">Eagle Marsh\u003c/a> in Ft. Wayne, Indiana. In 2010, an 8 foot high, 1,200-foot long mesh fence was erected to keep fish from transferring between the Great Lakes basin and the Mississippi River basin. The depth of the water during a heavy rain or a flood at Eagle Marsh can be significant enough that without the fence, fish could swim from one basin into the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This map indicates the level of concern of hydrological risk at the GLMRIS identified locations. The red water icon represents areas where the conditions are ideal, very favorable or favorable for the water to flow from one basin to the other. The orange water icon represents places where it’s possible and the yellow water icon shows where it is unlikely or highly unlikely that the water will move from one basin to the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ANS ratings that the invasive species can cross the basins for these locations are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> fish icon--acute or high probability\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff9900;\">orange\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> fish icon--medium\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #ffff00;\">yellow\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> fish icon--low probability\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The invasive fish currently residing in the Mississippi River and its tributaries are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=549\">silver carp\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=551\">bighead carp\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=573\">black carp\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=514\">grass carp\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=2265\">the northern snakehead\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=518\">red shiner\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=729\">white catfish\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cp>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The invasive fish currently residing in the Great Lakes are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=836\">Sea lamprey\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=7\">Eurasian ruffe\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=700\">fourspine stickleback\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=714\">tubenose goby\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to keep each of these species from migrating from one basin to the other.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Rivers and streams have created pathways along the dividing line between the Great Lakes basin and the Mississippi River basin. These portals could allow water and aquatic nuisance species to move from one basin into the other, endangering the health of both water systems. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1323112519,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://maps.google.com/maps"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":505},"headData":{"title":"Invasive Species on the Move: the Great Lakes and Mississippi River Basins | KQED","description":"Rivers and streams have created pathways along the dividing line between the Great Lakes basin and the Mississippi River basin. These portals could allow water and aquatic nuisance species to move from one basin into the other, endangering the health of both water systems. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"26322 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=26322","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/invasive-species-on-the-move-the-great-lakes-and-mississippi-river-basins/","disqusTitle":"Invasive Species on the Move: the Great Lakes and Mississippi River Basins","path":"/quest/26322/invasive-species-on-the-move-the-great-lakes-and-mississippi-river-basins","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Interstate 80/90 in Ohio there is a small, unassuming sign that indicates you have crossed the line that divides the Great Lakes \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin\">basin\u003c/a> and the Mississippi River basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeping these two watersheds separate is important for the health of both water systems, but that dividing line is not stopping water and fish from moving between the basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Great Lakes Mississippi River Interbasin Study (\u003ca href=\"http://glmris.anl.gov/documents/docs/Other_Pathways_Risk.pdf\">GLMRIS\u003c/a>) indicates that a water exchange between basins (\u003cstrong>hydrological risk\u003c/strong>) could occur through wetlands, ancient portage routes, rivers and streams during high water events or floods. This could allow non-native organisms, known as \u003cstrong>Aquatic Nuisance Species (\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.anstaskforce.gov/ans.php\">ANS\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>) \u003c/strong>to displace native species and degrade native habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=embed&hl=en&geocode=&q=http:%2F%2Fportalwisconsin.org%2Fmap%2Flocations_final.kml&aq=&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=43.713406,67.763672&vpsrc=6&ie=UTF8&t=p&ll=43.802819,-86.132812&spn=15.2199,28.081055&z=5&output=embed\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003csmall>\u003ca style=\"color: #0000ff; text-align: left;\" href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=embed&hl=en&geocode=&q=http:%2F%2Fportalwisconsin.org%2Fmap%2Flocations_final.kml&aq=&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=43.713406,67.763672&vpsrc=6&ie=UTF8&t=p&ll=43.802819,-86.132812&spn=15.2199,28.081055&z=5\">View Larger Map\u003c/a>. This map is based on the GLMRIS Other Pathways Preliminary Risk Characterization which was completed in 2010. Updated H&H ratings and biological assessments will be presented in the Other Aquatic Pathways Risk Characterization Report expected for release in spring 2012.\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in consultation with federal, state and local governments, Native American tribes, and non-governmental organizations has identified two focus areas, the Chicago Area Waterway System, and potential pathway locations\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>along the Great Lakes/Mississippi River divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Information about steps being taken in the Chicago Area Waterway System to deal with ANS and hydrological issues can be found in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/asian-carp-threat-to-great-lakes/\">Asian Carp: Threat to Great Lakes video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GLMRIS is focusing on eighteen locations along the Great Lakes/Mississippi River basin that require further study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of these locations, the area that elicits the most concern is \u003ca href=\"http://www.in.gov/portal/news_events/58486.htm\">Eagle Marsh\u003c/a> in Ft. Wayne, Indiana. In 2010, an 8 foot high, 1,200-foot long mesh fence was erected to keep fish from transferring between the Great Lakes basin and the Mississippi River basin. The depth of the water during a heavy rain or a flood at Eagle Marsh can be significant enough that without the fence, fish could swim from one basin into the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This map indicates the level of concern of hydrological risk at the GLMRIS identified locations. The red water icon represents areas where the conditions are ideal, very favorable or favorable for the water to flow from one basin to the other. The orange water icon represents places where it’s possible and the yellow water icon shows where it is unlikely or highly unlikely that the water will move from one basin to the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ANS ratings that the invasive species can cross the basins for these locations are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> fish icon--acute or high probability\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff9900;\">orange\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> fish icon--medium\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #ffff00;\">yellow\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> fish icon--low probability\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The invasive fish currently residing in the Mississippi River and its tributaries are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=549\">silver carp\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=551\">bighead carp\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=573\">black carp\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=514\">grass carp\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=2265\">the northern snakehead\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=518\">red shiner\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=729\">white catfish\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cp>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The invasive fish currently residing in the Great Lakes are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=836\">Sea lamprey\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=7\">Eurasian ruffe\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=700\">fourspine stickleback\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=714\">tubenose goby\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to keep each of these species from migrating from one basin to the other.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/26322/invasive-species-on-the-move-the-great-lakes-and-mississippi-river-basins","authors":["10292"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_10342","quest_10341","quest_10200","quest_10344","quest_10343","quest_3351","quest_10345","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3292","quest_10339"],"featImg":"quest_26340","label":"quest"},"quest_24916":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_24916","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"24916","score":null,"sort":[1320172619000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"asian-carp-threat-to-great-lakes","title":"Asian Carp: Threat to Great Lakes","publishDate":1320172619,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>“You’re taking your life in your own hands if you go waterskiing on some parts of the Illinois River,” observes aquatic invasive species expert \u003ca href=\"http://www.seagrant.wisc.edu/home/Default.aspx?tabid=538\">Phil Moy\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seagrant.wisc.edu/home/Default.aspx?tabid=538\">University of Wisconsin Sea Grant\u003c/a>. He’s talking about the Silver Asian Carp that have infiltrated much of the Mississippi River System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The threat to life and limb comes from the carp leaping out of the water when startled by loud noise, like the roar of an engine. It’s changed life and culture in communities along the Illinois River south of Peoria. Bath, Illinois, hosts an annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.redneckfishingtournament.net/\">Redneck Fishing Tournament\u003c/a> where fisherman compete for the largest haul of Silver Carp either by catching them mid-air with a net or just letting them flop into the boat. The most recent competition netted nearly nine thousand of the invasive fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes in the river have been much more dramatic, and destructive, for native species. The Silver carp and the related Bighead carp are crowding out more desirable fish. “They are quite prolific and they can compete directly with other fish that eat the plant plankton or animal plankton. And animal plankton forms the first food for essentially every sport fish species,” says Moy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That voracious appetite for plankton is the reason Asian carp were first imported to the United States. Commercial catfish farmers in the South employed them to keep their ponds clean and clear. But flooding allowed the fish entry into the Mississippi ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Asian_Carp_300.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-24927\" title=\"Asian_Carp_300\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Asian_Carp_300-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"asian carp\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>As carp populations have expanded northward, the fish have gotten closer and closer to Lake Michigan. If they become established in the Great Lakes, they have the potential to wipe out a seven billion dollar fishery. “The commercial fishery regularly refers to itself as the largest fresh water fishery in the world” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatlakeswaterwars.com/about.htm\">Peter Annin\u003c/a>, author of \u003ca href=\"http://greatlakeswaterwars.com/\">The Great Lakes Water Wars\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once the toothpaste is outside the tube, it's really hard to put it back in. And so, there's a lot of effort, energy going into preventing these Asian carp from ever entering the Great Lakes,” says Annin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most direct route for the carp to reach Lake Michigan is through the Chicago Sanitary and Shipping Canal which connects to the Des Plaines River which flows into the Illinois. The canal is a man-made link between the Mississippi and Great Lakes water systems constructed over one hundred years ago. It was a way for Chicago to flush its sewage away from Lake Michigan, the source of its drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To create a chokepoint to prevent the fish from getting any closer, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/\">US Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a> has maintained an electric barrier on the canal. “Like a cattle fence that keeps those fish from moving to the next basin,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/fieldstations/ltrm/kevin.html\">Kevin Irons\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/Pages/default.aspx\">Illinois Department of Natural Resources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The barrier works by sending electrical waves into the water that repel fish. While it has been proven effective on test fish with transmitters, evidence of Asian carp upstream of the barrier has raised questions and a call to close the canal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For years, environmentalists have called for the closure of the Chicago artificial connection,” says Annin. “They were kind of laughed away. The laughter has subsided somewhat in recent years because of the threat of the Asian carp knocking on the door of the Great Lakes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The invasive Asian carp has wreaked havoc in the Mississippi River system. The voracious plankton eaters have out-competed native fish and have become the dominant species in many locations. If the carp reach the Great Lakes, they pose a threat to its $7 billion fishery, so a battle against them is taking place on many fronts.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457639345,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":593},"headData":{"title":"Asian Carp: Threat to Great Lakes | KQED","description":"The invasive Asian carp has wreaked havoc in the Mississippi River system. The voracious plankton eaters have out-competed native fish and have become the dominant species in many locations. If the carp reach the Great Lakes, they pose a threat to its $7 billion fishery, so a battle against them is taking place on many fronts.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"24916 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=24916","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/asian-carp-threat-to-great-lakes/","disqusTitle":"Asian Carp: Threat to Great Lakes","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9fgqA8kpYA","path":"/quest/24916/asian-carp-threat-to-great-lakes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>“You’re taking your life in your own hands if you go waterskiing on some parts of the Illinois River,” observes aquatic invasive species expert \u003ca href=\"http://www.seagrant.wisc.edu/home/Default.aspx?tabid=538\">Phil Moy\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seagrant.wisc.edu/home/Default.aspx?tabid=538\">University of Wisconsin Sea Grant\u003c/a>. He’s talking about the Silver Asian Carp that have infiltrated much of the Mississippi River System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The threat to life and limb comes from the carp leaping out of the water when startled by loud noise, like the roar of an engine. It’s changed life and culture in communities along the Illinois River south of Peoria. Bath, Illinois, hosts an annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.redneckfishingtournament.net/\">Redneck Fishing Tournament\u003c/a> where fisherman compete for the largest haul of Silver Carp either by catching them mid-air with a net or just letting them flop into the boat. The most recent competition netted nearly nine thousand of the invasive fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes in the river have been much more dramatic, and destructive, for native species. The Silver carp and the related Bighead carp are crowding out more desirable fish. “They are quite prolific and they can compete directly with other fish that eat the plant plankton or animal plankton. And animal plankton forms the first food for essentially every sport fish species,” says Moy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That voracious appetite for plankton is the reason Asian carp were first imported to the United States. Commercial catfish farmers in the South employed them to keep their ponds clean and clear. But flooding allowed the fish entry into the Mississippi ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Asian_Carp_300.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-24927\" title=\"Asian_Carp_300\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Asian_Carp_300-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"asian carp\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>As carp populations have expanded northward, the fish have gotten closer and closer to Lake Michigan. If they become established in the Great Lakes, they have the potential to wipe out a seven billion dollar fishery. “The commercial fishery regularly refers to itself as the largest fresh water fishery in the world” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatlakeswaterwars.com/about.htm\">Peter Annin\u003c/a>, author of \u003ca href=\"http://greatlakeswaterwars.com/\">The Great Lakes Water Wars\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once the toothpaste is outside the tube, it's really hard to put it back in. And so, there's a lot of effort, energy going into preventing these Asian carp from ever entering the Great Lakes,” says Annin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most direct route for the carp to reach Lake Michigan is through the Chicago Sanitary and Shipping Canal which connects to the Des Plaines River which flows into the Illinois. The canal is a man-made link between the Mississippi and Great Lakes water systems constructed over one hundred years ago. It was a way for Chicago to flush its sewage away from Lake Michigan, the source of its drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To create a chokepoint to prevent the fish from getting any closer, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/\">US Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a> has maintained an electric barrier on the canal. “Like a cattle fence that keeps those fish from moving to the next basin,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/fieldstations/ltrm/kevin.html\">Kevin Irons\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/Pages/default.aspx\">Illinois Department of Natural Resources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The barrier works by sending electrical waves into the water that repel fish. While it has been proven effective on test fish with transmitters, evidence of Asian carp upstream of the barrier has raised questions and a call to close the canal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For years, environmentalists have called for the closure of the Chicago artificial connection,” says Annin. “They were kind of laughed away. The laughter has subsided somewhat in recent years because of the threat of the Asian carp knocking on the door of the Great Lakes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/24916/asian-carp-threat-to-great-lakes","authors":["10275"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_10200","quest_326","quest_10202","quest_10203","quest_10201","quest_1489","quest_12355","quest_2893"],"featImg":"quest_24922","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. 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