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In this video we journey to Washington State’s Cascade Mountains, where the return of wolves could have a profound impact on a vast wilderness area. We meet up with biologist Aaron Wirsing to explore why wolves and other top predators are needed for diverse ecosystems to flourish. Using a simple video camera (a “deer-cam”) Wirsing is gaining a unique perspective on predator/prey relationships and changing the way we think about wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Wolves in the Crosshairs: Q&A with conservationist, Fred Koontz\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67879\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 233px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67879 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642.jpg\" alt=\"Fred Koontz\" width=\"233\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642.jpg 432w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642-400x530.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Fred Koontz\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gray wolves are in the crosshairs of a heated conservation debate, with the federal government trying to strip all protections for them in the continental U.S. Dr. Fred Koontz, vice president of field conservation at Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, has worked in conservation for three decades and has studied the wolf issue. We talked with Dr. Koontz about the future of wolves in the U.S. and the role they play in maintaining healthy ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wolves may be the most polarizing animal in North America, more so than other large carnivores like cougars or grizzly bears. Why?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The gray wolf is one of the world's most adaptable and widely distributed mammals, ranging over much of Asia, Europe, and North America. Wolves, the size of a German shepherd, are pack-hunting predators that sometimes kill livestock. Combined with wolves’ nocturnal behavior and haunting howling, this has resulted in a long history of conflict with people, especially as human numbers have increased exponentially in recent centuries and agricultural lands expanded into wolf habitat. There are, however, very few documented cases of wolves attacking people, but the rare times it’s happened it’s been sensationalized and blown out of proportion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How have your perceptions or understanding of wolves changed over the years?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>At an early age, my mother read with much theatrical expression “Little Red Riding Hood,” which, like many children, left me fearing the “big bad wolf.” This negative image was reinforced with similar wolf-themed horror movies that I ashamedly spent far too much time watching in my youth. Only when I studied ecology and animal behavior in college and as a wildlife professional did I see a different image of the wolf. Wolves are important regulators of prey numbers and behavior, and as such, influence a web of ecological interactions that enrich biological diversity. I learned also that among many adaptive traits enabling their evolutionary success, wolves have a rich social life and extraordinary set of communication behaviors. The more I learned, the more fascinated I became in understanding how wolves and people might live together for their mutual benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gray wolves have been taken off the federal endangered species list in some states, such as Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. And a \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/home/wolfrecovery/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>recent federal proposal \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>would strip all gray wolves in the continental U.S. of their federal protection. How did this come to be? What kind of politics are at play?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67887\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 389px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67887 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow.jpg\" alt=\"2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow\" width=\"389\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow.jpg 1542w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-1440x953.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-1180x781.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-960x636.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gray wolves can come in an assortment of colors, such as these all-white wolves. Photo courtesy of Ryan Hawk, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under the Endangered Species Act, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in 1974 first listed gray wolves as endangered in the lower 48 states. Now they propose to remove them from the ESA list. This idea follows from three decades of actions undertaken by federal, state, and local partners that resulted in population recovery and delisting in 2011 of wolves living in the western Great Lakes states and northern Rockies. With about 6,000 wolves residing in these two recovery areas, USFWS believes that the gray wolf population in general is well established and stable enough to warrant delisting. Many state wildlife officials welcome the move as they are eager to take back the management authority for animals within their political borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, many conservation scientists and wolf advocates believe that more time on the endangered species list -- and [under] federal protection -- would allow wolves a greater opportunity to reclaim more of their former territory and grow the number of their populations. This is important because, despite wolf recovery success in the Great Lakes states and Rocky Mountains, there is still a lot of their former range not yet occupied. Expanded range and more populations, in turn, will provide greater species resiliency to unexpected environmental disruptions like climate change and emerging diseases and also improve long-term wolf survival in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An independent review panel recently found that the federal government \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.kcts9.org/flora-and-fauna/article/panel-finds-feds-didnt-use-best-science-in-wolf-pl/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>used uncertain science\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> when it proposed removing the gray wolf from the endangered species list across the lower 48 states. What could that mean for the future of wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>This is important because under Endangered Species Act law the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is obligated to use the best available science. The Service claimed that new genetic research indicated that wolves living in the eastern U.S. were actually a different species, and thus should not be considered as part of the original listing or part of the historic range. The expert panel said the genetic research was uncertain and based largely on one paper. The panel’s report has reopened the debate about delisting gray wolves, and I suspect it will extend the time wolves remain listed. The final decision on delisting is yet to be determined -- public comment is \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/news/ShowNews.cfm?ID=0D493E53-AC54-99DD-52400A7BAA5A6085\" target=\"_blank\">encouraged\u003c/a>. [Note: deadline is March 27, 2014]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the long run, the debate about delisting wolves invites larger questions like, what constitutes full recovery of any endangered species, and does the legal framework of the ESA reflect current conservation science and principles of sustainable living? Most importantly, there needs to be agreement at the onset about the ultimate purpose of recovery -- is it simply species survival or restoring ecological function? There are no easy answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67891\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-67891 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg\" alt=\"Mule Deer Lauren Sobkoviak\" width=\"378\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mule Deer photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/ashrunner/8522517826/\" target=\"_blank\">Lauren Sobkoviak.\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it possible for wolves and humans to coexist? What needs to change for that to happen?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>I think that wolves and humans ultimately will coexist by sharing land in two key places -- protected areas and rural areas managed for the benefit of people and wildlife, for example, park buffer lands, multiple-use public lands, and designated wildlife corridors. For the reconciliation between wolves and humans to prove fully successful, we will first need a broader understanding of the role that apex predators play in creating healthy ecosystems and why healthy ecosystems are needed by people. In other words, there must be a broader understanding of \u003cstrong>why \u003c/strong>saving wolves is essential to sustainable living. Greater public will to save wolves will result in increased public spending needed to conduct science and carry out sound management actions. For example, we need more research on improving ranching practices to minimize wolf predation of livestock, and insurance programs that compensate ranchers for unavoidable losses. There is already good evidence from pilot efforts that such research and management programs are possible -- and that they work!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why should people care about the fate of wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The fate of wolves is tied directly to the greatest challenge facing humankind this century -- sustainable living! With more than seven billion people consuming resources at an accelerating pace, this generation of world citizens must transform our societies to sustainable ones. We must, among other things, protect a wide variety of animal and plant species -- scientists call this “biodiversity.” Many conservation scientists believe that apex predators (animals at the top of the food chain), like wolves, are necessary to maintain habitats rich in life. In turn, high levels of biodiversity bring many direct benefits to people -- everything from providing food and fiber to protecting water supplies and enriching recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67904\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 367px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67904 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg\" alt=\"Scientist 1\" width=\"367\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg 1133w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-400x330.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-800x661.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-960x793.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologist Aaron Wirsing for the University of Washington (right) and graduate student Justin Dellinger (left) radio collar deer with video cameras in order to better understand predator-prey dynamics. Photo courtesy of Greg Davis.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Understanding the links between apex predators and biodiversity is a growing area of research for scientists like Aaron Wirsing of the University of Washington. Since 2008, wolves have been returning to Washington and have reestablished populations in the U.S. northern Rockies. This has provided a unique research opportunity for Wirsing and other scientists. For example, deer populations in Washington have likely over-browsed plants for decades in the absence of gray wolves. One consequence of deer eating trees along streambeds is less habitat for birds, and streams that are more likely to harbor fewer cold-water fish like trout because they are filled with sediments from soil erosion and overheated because of lack of shade. With wolves back in the state, Wirsing is leading a study to document how wolves are changing mule and white-tail deer populations, which in turn affects forest landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do you care about wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>I care about wolves because as apex predators they contribute significantly to enriching biodiversity needed by people for sustainable living. I also care about wolves because I admire them! Wolves are amazing for many reasons, but I am especially fascinated by their complex social behavior and adaptable lifestyles, two traits that they share with humans. Also, one of the most important reasons I care is that wild wolves in the U.S. are a symbolic way of keeping our American heritage of wilderness alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Resources/Links:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/species/mammals/wolf/\" target=\"_blank\">Wolf information from US Fish & Wildlife Service\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/gray_wolf/\" target=\"_blank\">Wolves in Washington State\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Living with Wolves\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://westernwildlife.org/gray-wolf-outreach-project/\" target=\"_blank\">Gray Wolf Outreach Project\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.zoo.org/coexisting-with-carnivores#.Uyh3a_ldV8E\" target=\"_blank\">Seattle Woodland Park Zoo's \"Coexisting With Carnivores\" School Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In Washington state, wolves and deer are playing out a high-stakes game of cat-and-mouse that could have profound impacts on the ecosystem. Watch the video and find out what conservationist, Fred Koontz has to say about the need to protect \"the big bad wolf.\"","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457555585,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":1614},"headData":{"title":"QUEST TV: Wolves and the Ecology of Fear | KQED","description":"In Washington state, wolves and deer are playing out a high-stakes game of cat-and-mouse that could have profound impacts on the ecosystem. Watch the video and find out what conservationist, Fred Koontz has to say about the need to protect "the big bad wolf."","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"66669 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=66669","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/06/wolves-and-the-ecology-of-fear/","disqusTitle":"QUEST TV: Wolves and the Ecology of Fear","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sM3L41-xulU","path":"/quest/66669/wolves-and-the-ecology-of-fear","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Does “the big bad wolf” play an important role in the modern-day food web? In this video we journey to Washington State’s Cascade Mountains, where the return of wolves could have a profound impact on a vast wilderness area. We meet up with biologist Aaron Wirsing to explore why wolves and other top predators are needed for diverse ecosystems to flourish. Using a simple video camera (a “deer-cam”) Wirsing is gaining a unique perspective on predator/prey relationships and changing the way we think about wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Wolves in the Crosshairs: Q&A with conservationist, Fred Koontz\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67879\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 233px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67879 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642.jpg\" alt=\"Fred Koontz\" width=\"233\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642.jpg 432w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642-400x530.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Fred Koontz\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gray wolves are in the crosshairs of a heated conservation debate, with the federal government trying to strip all protections for them in the continental U.S. Dr. Fred Koontz, vice president of field conservation at Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, has worked in conservation for three decades and has studied the wolf issue. We talked with Dr. Koontz about the future of wolves in the U.S. and the role they play in maintaining healthy ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wolves may be the most polarizing animal in North America, more so than other large carnivores like cougars or grizzly bears. Why?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The gray wolf is one of the world's most adaptable and widely distributed mammals, ranging over much of Asia, Europe, and North America. Wolves, the size of a German shepherd, are pack-hunting predators that sometimes kill livestock. Combined with wolves’ nocturnal behavior and haunting howling, this has resulted in a long history of conflict with people, especially as human numbers have increased exponentially in recent centuries and agricultural lands expanded into wolf habitat. There are, however, very few documented cases of wolves attacking people, but the rare times it’s happened it’s been sensationalized and blown out of proportion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How have your perceptions or understanding of wolves changed over the years?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>At an early age, my mother read with much theatrical expression “Little Red Riding Hood,” which, like many children, left me fearing the “big bad wolf.” This negative image was reinforced with similar wolf-themed horror movies that I ashamedly spent far too much time watching in my youth. Only when I studied ecology and animal behavior in college and as a wildlife professional did I see a different image of the wolf. Wolves are important regulators of prey numbers and behavior, and as such, influence a web of ecological interactions that enrich biological diversity. I learned also that among many adaptive traits enabling their evolutionary success, wolves have a rich social life and extraordinary set of communication behaviors. The more I learned, the more fascinated I became in understanding how wolves and people might live together for their mutual benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gray wolves have been taken off the federal endangered species list in some states, such as Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. And a \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/home/wolfrecovery/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>recent federal proposal \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>would strip all gray wolves in the continental U.S. of their federal protection. How did this come to be? What kind of politics are at play?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67887\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 389px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67887 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow.jpg\" alt=\"2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow\" width=\"389\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow.jpg 1542w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-1440x953.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-1180x781.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-960x636.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gray wolves can come in an assortment of colors, such as these all-white wolves. Photo courtesy of Ryan Hawk, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under the Endangered Species Act, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in 1974 first listed gray wolves as endangered in the lower 48 states. Now they propose to remove them from the ESA list. This idea follows from three decades of actions undertaken by federal, state, and local partners that resulted in population recovery and delisting in 2011 of wolves living in the western Great Lakes states and northern Rockies. With about 6,000 wolves residing in these two recovery areas, USFWS believes that the gray wolf population in general is well established and stable enough to warrant delisting. Many state wildlife officials welcome the move as they are eager to take back the management authority for animals within their political borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, many conservation scientists and wolf advocates believe that more time on the endangered species list -- and [under] federal protection -- would allow wolves a greater opportunity to reclaim more of their former territory and grow the number of their populations. This is important because, despite wolf recovery success in the Great Lakes states and Rocky Mountains, there is still a lot of their former range not yet occupied. Expanded range and more populations, in turn, will provide greater species resiliency to unexpected environmental disruptions like climate change and emerging diseases and also improve long-term wolf survival in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An independent review panel recently found that the federal government \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.kcts9.org/flora-and-fauna/article/panel-finds-feds-didnt-use-best-science-in-wolf-pl/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>used uncertain science\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> when it proposed removing the gray wolf from the endangered species list across the lower 48 states. What could that mean for the future of wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>This is important because under Endangered Species Act law the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is obligated to use the best available science. The Service claimed that new genetic research indicated that wolves living in the eastern U.S. were actually a different species, and thus should not be considered as part of the original listing or part of the historic range. The expert panel said the genetic research was uncertain and based largely on one paper. The panel’s report has reopened the debate about delisting gray wolves, and I suspect it will extend the time wolves remain listed. The final decision on delisting is yet to be determined -- public comment is \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/news/ShowNews.cfm?ID=0D493E53-AC54-99DD-52400A7BAA5A6085\" target=\"_blank\">encouraged\u003c/a>. [Note: deadline is March 27, 2014]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the long run, the debate about delisting wolves invites larger questions like, what constitutes full recovery of any endangered species, and does the legal framework of the ESA reflect current conservation science and principles of sustainable living? Most importantly, there needs to be agreement at the onset about the ultimate purpose of recovery -- is it simply species survival or restoring ecological function? There are no easy answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67891\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-67891 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg\" alt=\"Mule Deer Lauren Sobkoviak\" width=\"378\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mule Deer photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/ashrunner/8522517826/\" target=\"_blank\">Lauren Sobkoviak.\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it possible for wolves and humans to coexist? What needs to change for that to happen?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>I think that wolves and humans ultimately will coexist by sharing land in two key places -- protected areas and rural areas managed for the benefit of people and wildlife, for example, park buffer lands, multiple-use public lands, and designated wildlife corridors. For the reconciliation between wolves and humans to prove fully successful, we will first need a broader understanding of the role that apex predators play in creating healthy ecosystems and why healthy ecosystems are needed by people. In other words, there must be a broader understanding of \u003cstrong>why \u003c/strong>saving wolves is essential to sustainable living. Greater public will to save wolves will result in increased public spending needed to conduct science and carry out sound management actions. For example, we need more research on improving ranching practices to minimize wolf predation of livestock, and insurance programs that compensate ranchers for unavoidable losses. There is already good evidence from pilot efforts that such research and management programs are possible -- and that they work!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why should people care about the fate of wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The fate of wolves is tied directly to the greatest challenge facing humankind this century -- sustainable living! With more than seven billion people consuming resources at an accelerating pace, this generation of world citizens must transform our societies to sustainable ones. We must, among other things, protect a wide variety of animal and plant species -- scientists call this “biodiversity.” Many conservation scientists believe that apex predators (animals at the top of the food chain), like wolves, are necessary to maintain habitats rich in life. In turn, high levels of biodiversity bring many direct benefits to people -- everything from providing food and fiber to protecting water supplies and enriching recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67904\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 367px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67904 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg\" alt=\"Scientist 1\" width=\"367\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg 1133w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-400x330.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-800x661.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-960x793.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologist Aaron Wirsing for the University of Washington (right) and graduate student Justin Dellinger (left) radio collar deer with video cameras in order to better understand predator-prey dynamics. Photo courtesy of Greg Davis.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Understanding the links between apex predators and biodiversity is a growing area of research for scientists like Aaron Wirsing of the University of Washington. Since 2008, wolves have been returning to Washington and have reestablished populations in the U.S. northern Rockies. This has provided a unique research opportunity for Wirsing and other scientists. For example, deer populations in Washington have likely over-browsed plants for decades in the absence of gray wolves. One consequence of deer eating trees along streambeds is less habitat for birds, and streams that are more likely to harbor fewer cold-water fish like trout because they are filled with sediments from soil erosion and overheated because of lack of shade. With wolves back in the state, Wirsing is leading a study to document how wolves are changing mule and white-tail deer populations, which in turn affects forest landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do you care about wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>I care about wolves because as apex predators they contribute significantly to enriching biodiversity needed by people for sustainable living. I also care about wolves because I admire them! Wolves are amazing for many reasons, but I am especially fascinated by their complex social behavior and adaptable lifestyles, two traits that they share with humans. Also, one of the most important reasons I care is that wild wolves in the U.S. are a symbolic way of keeping our American heritage of wilderness alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Resources/Links:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/species/mammals/wolf/\" target=\"_blank\">Wolf information from US Fish & Wildlife Service\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/gray_wolf/\" target=\"_blank\">Wolves in Washington State\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Living with Wolves\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://westernwildlife.org/gray-wolf-outreach-project/\" target=\"_blank\">Gray Wolf Outreach Project\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.zoo.org/coexisting-with-carnivores#.Uyh3a_ldV8E\" target=\"_blank\">Seattle Woodland Park Zoo's \"Coexisting With Carnivores\" School Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/66669/wolves-and-the-ecology-of-fear","authors":["10446","10425"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_12556","quest_326","quest_12553","quest_12685","quest_12665","quest_12666","quest_10120","quest_12608","quest_12269","quest_12664","quest_2275","quest_2291","quest_12146","quest_2893","quest_12678","quest_3071","quest_3821","quest_3178","quest_12161"],"featImg":"quest_67886","label":"quest"},"quest_63142":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_63142","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"63142","score":null,"sort":[1392908422000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"landowners-make-way-for-more-shoreline","title":"Landowners Make Way for More Shoreline","publishDate":1392908422,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>On Bainbridge Island, Washington, a transformation is occurring: 7.5 acres of shoreline previously starved of natural vegetation and organisms has begun to recover. Salt marsh vegetation is returning, juvenile salmon can safely swim along the banks, and the shore is reshaping itself into a gentle slope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This environmental success story hung on one family’s decision to remove their shoreline walls rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Powel family has cared for this land for nearly five decades. In 1993, they signed a conservation easement with the \u003ca href=\"http://bi-landtrust.org/\">Bainbridge Island Land Trust\u003c/a> (BILT) for the land to be conserved regardless of the land owner. So when the family noticed their crumbling shoreline walls, they turned to BILT for an answer. After a careful study, the property was determined to be at a low risk for erosion and the family was encouraged to remove their shoreline walls rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"slideshow\" link=\"file\" ids=\"67102,66547,66552,66551,66550,66540,66539,66544,66543,66542,66541,66546,66545,66549,66548\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, for the first time in nearly 60 years, the Powel property has marine and terrestrial environments converging again. This project offers hope for the survival of intertidal coastline habitat being lost in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/pugetsound/species/salmon.html\">Puget Sound\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://e360.yale.edu/feature/whats_damaging_marshes_on_us_coast_and_why_it_matters/2604/\">around the nation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is critical that this is happening now,” says Jim Brennan, a marine biologist from Bainbridge Island who has worked on the Powel Project for three years. “This is very important habitat for salmon and many other fishes and wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing the walls will \u003ca href=\"http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2004409777_growth_shorelines15m1.html\">greatly expand shallow water and salt marsh areas\u003c/a>, creating refuge and migration corridors. When walls are replaced with gently sloped native vegetation, more of the insects important to juvenile Chinook salmon will become readily available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67148\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 363px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67148 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Feature image 02\" width=\"363\" height=\"204\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Brennan holds up images of shoreline walls around the Powel property on Bainbridge Island. Photo by Katie Jennings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Plants create shade for the intertidal habitat,” says Brennan, “They help stabilize beaches and banks, moderate erosion, sedimentation, and contaminants. They produce insects that we now know juvenile salmon, particularly Chinook, eat. So vegetation is an important function for recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists and volunteers have replanted along the Powel property with pickelweed and salt grass that are adapted to the extreme conditions of a salt marsh ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Powel project aligns with Washington State’s salmon and shoreline restoration goals, overseen by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.psp.wa.gov/\">Puget Sound Partnership\u003c/a>, and was partially supported by grant funds through the state’s Puget Sound Acquisition and Restoration Fund. Martha Kongsgaard, chair of the Partnership, believes the Powel Project sets the gold standard for shoreline recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This kind of a model shows what can happen when people listen to each other, get out of their desks, and come on site,” says Kongsgaard. “My hope is this project is one of a string of great stories that we can cobble together around the Puget Sound that’s going to add up to a full recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67188\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 335px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-67188 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg\" alt=\"Brenda giving tour\" width=\"335\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg 1146w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-400x373.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-800x746.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-960x895.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brenda Padgham gives a tour of the Powel Project. Photo by Katie Jennings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, some private land owners raise concerns about the erosion of beaches and how removal of their shoreline walls would impact their property. Brenda Padgham, stewardship director for BILT and project manager for the Powel Project, wants these land owners to know that they have options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A restored shoreline could be a more resilient shoreline,” says Padgham. “Restored shorelines may not need to be maintained with heavy construction equipment and big checks written by landowners every 10 to 20 years. This project helps private land owners know that there are more options out there than the traditional ways of ‘protecting’ their property.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/plugged-in/2013/07/18/the-best-protection-against-storms-nature-herself/\">a shoreline wall may not be necessary for all\u003c/a> land owners, and the removal of shoreline walls could save them money in the future while improving habitat conditions. Padgham and Brennan hope the Powel family’s decision can be an inspiration to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can take incremental steps, neighbor by neighbor, then I think people will start to feel more open to a dialogue [about restoration] without feeling a loss to their property rights,” says Padgham. This is an example for others to look to on how people can live along their shoreline in a way that can contribute to the overall goal of recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"How one family’s decision to remove their waterfront wall has sparked the recovery of coastal ecosystems on a popular Washington island.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442702176,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":true,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":737},"headData":{"title":"Landowners Make Way for More Shoreline | KQED","description":"How one family’s decision to remove their waterfront wall has sparked the recovery of coastal ecosystems on a popular Washington island.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"63142 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=63142","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/02/20/landowners-make-way-for-more-shoreline/","disqusTitle":"Landowners Make Way for More Shoreline","videoEmbed":"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWnr6XaRCho","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/63142/landowners-make-way-for-more-shoreline","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Bainbridge Island, Washington, a transformation is occurring: 7.5 acres of shoreline previously starved of natural vegetation and organisms has begun to recover. Salt marsh vegetation is returning, juvenile salmon can safely swim along the banks, and the shore is reshaping itself into a gentle slope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This environmental success story hung on one family’s decision to remove their shoreline walls rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Powel family has cared for this land for nearly five decades. In 1993, they signed a conservation easement with the \u003ca href=\"http://bi-landtrust.org/\">Bainbridge Island Land Trust\u003c/a> (BILT) for the land to be conserved regardless of the land owner. So when the family noticed their crumbling shoreline walls, they turned to BILT for an answer. After a careful study, the property was determined to be at a low risk for erosion and the family was encouraged to remove their shoreline walls rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"gallery","attributes":{"named":{"type":"slideshow","link":"file","ids":"67102,66547,66552,66551,66550,66540,66539,66544,66543,66542,66541,66546,66545,66549,66548","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, for the first time in nearly 60 years, the Powel property has marine and terrestrial environments converging again. This project offers hope for the survival of intertidal coastline habitat being lost in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/pugetsound/species/salmon.html\">Puget Sound\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://e360.yale.edu/feature/whats_damaging_marshes_on_us_coast_and_why_it_matters/2604/\">around the nation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is critical that this is happening now,” says Jim Brennan, a marine biologist from Bainbridge Island who has worked on the Powel Project for three years. “This is very important habitat for salmon and many other fishes and wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing the walls will \u003ca href=\"http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2004409777_growth_shorelines15m1.html\">greatly expand shallow water and salt marsh areas\u003c/a>, creating refuge and migration corridors. When walls are replaced with gently sloped native vegetation, more of the insects important to juvenile Chinook salmon will become readily available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67148\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 363px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67148 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Feature image 02\" width=\"363\" height=\"204\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Brennan holds up images of shoreline walls around the Powel property on Bainbridge Island. Photo by Katie Jennings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Plants create shade for the intertidal habitat,” says Brennan, “They help stabilize beaches and banks, moderate erosion, sedimentation, and contaminants. They produce insects that we now know juvenile salmon, particularly Chinook, eat. So vegetation is an important function for recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists and volunteers have replanted along the Powel property with pickelweed and salt grass that are adapted to the extreme conditions of a salt marsh ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Powel project aligns with Washington State’s salmon and shoreline restoration goals, overseen by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.psp.wa.gov/\">Puget Sound Partnership\u003c/a>, and was partially supported by grant funds through the state’s Puget Sound Acquisition and Restoration Fund. Martha Kongsgaard, chair of the Partnership, believes the Powel Project sets the gold standard for shoreline recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This kind of a model shows what can happen when people listen to each other, get out of their desks, and come on site,” says Kongsgaard. “My hope is this project is one of a string of great stories that we can cobble together around the Puget Sound that’s going to add up to a full recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67188\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 335px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-67188 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg\" alt=\"Brenda giving tour\" width=\"335\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg 1146w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-400x373.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-800x746.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-960x895.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brenda Padgham gives a tour of the Powel Project. Photo by Katie Jennings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, some private land owners raise concerns about the erosion of beaches and how removal of their shoreline walls would impact their property. Brenda Padgham, stewardship director for BILT and project manager for the Powel Project, wants these land owners to know that they have options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A restored shoreline could be a more resilient shoreline,” says Padgham. “Restored shorelines may not need to be maintained with heavy construction equipment and big checks written by landowners every 10 to 20 years. This project helps private land owners know that there are more options out there than the traditional ways of ‘protecting’ their property.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/plugged-in/2013/07/18/the-best-protection-against-storms-nature-herself/\">a shoreline wall may not be necessary for all\u003c/a> land owners, and the removal of shoreline walls could save them money in the future while improving habitat conditions. Padgham and Brennan hope the Powel family’s decision can be an inspiration to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can take incremental steps, neighbor by neighbor, then I think people will start to feel more open to a dialogue [about restoration] without feeling a loss to their property rights,” says Padgham. This is an example for others to look to on how people can live along their shoreline in a way that can contribute to the overall goal of recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/63142/landowners-make-way-for-more-shoreline","authors":["10471"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_12556","quest_12619","quest_326","quest_12617","quest_621","quest_12621","quest_11940","quest_12505","quest_11003","quest_12269","quest_1293","quest_12618","quest_12620","quest_12146","quest_2477","quest_2623","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_67148","label":"source_quest_63142"},"quest_63103":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_63103","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"63103","score":null,"sort":[1390489217000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"could-your-driveway-be-poisoning-your-kids","title":"Could your driveway be poisoning your kids?","publishDate":1390489217,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Every year about 85 million gallons of a toxic waste that is known to promote cancer is carefully painted across about 170 square miles of American cities and suburbs, a swath as big as the city of New Orleans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As incredible as that may sound, that’s the conclusion squarely presented by a growing body of research that looks at a gooey black \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(resin)\">pitch\u003c/a> made from a substance known as coal tar. It’s a kind of creosote, the stuff used to weatherproof telephone poles and railroad ties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also one of the two main ways Americans use to “seal” asphalt parking lots and driveways. It makes the asphalt look blacker and is intended to keep the pavement from wearing away so fast. Researchers are most interested in a class of chemicals contained in asphalt sealers known as “\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons\u003c/a>,” or PAHs. And coal tar-based sealers are dangerous enough in the opinion of some local and state governments that they have been banned. In 2011 Washington \u003ca href=\"http://www.invw.org/content/washington-is-first-state-in-nation-to-ban-toxic-pavement-sealants\">became the first state to forbid\u003c/a> the use of this kind of sealant, followed by Minnesota \u003ca href=\"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=116.202\"> last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65749\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 393px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65749 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776.jpg\" alt=\"Man spraying\" width=\"393\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776.jpg 1135w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-400x389.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-800x779.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-960x935.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Man 'seals' pavement with spray. Photo courtesy of USGS.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you’ve ever walked by a parking lot or driveway that’s recently been sealed with coal tar, your nose most likely told you so. The “aromatic” part of PAHs means that you can smell the chemicals emanating from the recently sealed pavement , especially when it bakes in the sun. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135223101200057X\">Recent research\u003c/a> shows that large and potentially dangerous amounts of these harmful chemicals are released into the air in the days, weeks, and even months after the pavement is sealed – more, in fact, than what is put out by all the cars in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists also looked at what happens to the toxic coal tar sealants after they have sat on the asphalt for a few months or years and start to peel off in tiny bits. Car tires, rain, foot traffic, snowplows, and the freeze/thaw cycle all cause tiny bits of the sealant to “abrade,” as scientists say. Little bits of the black stuff flake off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es902533r\">Research shows\u003c/a> some of it gets tracked off the parking lots and driveways and into people’s homes. Scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) found that the most dangerous coal tar component , a PAH chemical called benzo[\u003cem>a\u003c/em>]pyrene, was in driveway dust at two suburban single-family homes at thousands of times the level that would trigger a cleanup at a toxic-waste site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States has no standard for benzo[\u003cem>a\u003c/em>]pyrene in house dust, but Germany does: an official guideline of 10 parts of the chemical for every 1 million parts of dust. In the USGS’s tests of apartments near parking lots sealed with coal tar, more than one-third of the apartments showed levels of the toxic chemical exceeding that standard. House dust levels were much lower in apartments located next to parking lots coated with other kinds of sealants, which are based on asphalt and contain thousands of times less PAHs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66042\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-66042 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe.jpg\" alt=\"Converse shoe\" width=\"398\" height=\"265\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/werewolvesbaby/2863909864/\">brittany fucci\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es303371t\">Further research\u003c/a> revealed that growing up with toxic dust from a coal tar-sealed parking lot next door could cause a child to face a 38-fold increase in lifetime cancer risk. It’s especially toxic to kids under age 6. The levels measured exceed those the EPA considers worthy of cleanup at toxic waste sites, because they are likely to cause cancer in more than 1 person out of every 1,000 people exposed, researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other studies have shown that the runoff from the coal tar-sealed lots harms critters in freshwater streams where it ends up, affecting their development and reproduction and reducing the populations and the number of species able to live in affected streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growing body of research around asphalt sealants was \u003ca href=\"http://tx.usgs.gov/coring/pubs/parking%20lot%20sealants.pdf\">pioneered by\u003c/a> Barbara Mahler and Peter van Metre, a husband-and-wife team of researchers for the USGS in Austin, Texas. Many other researchers from more than a dozen other governments and universities also investigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sealant industry questioned their findings. In reaction to the work by these government and university researchers, the trade group of asphalt sealers, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/\">Pavement Coatings Technology Council\u003c/a>, has sponsored \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/scientific-journals\">its own body of research\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/pavementcouncil/PAH%20volatilization%20critique.pdf\">One industry-sponsored critique\u003c/a> went after the USGS researchers, saying,in general, that in their work, “effects have been exaggerated and uncertainties have been minimized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66066\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 419px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/01/23/could-your-driveway-be-poisoning-your-kids/walking-the-line/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-66066\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-66066 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line.jpg\" alt=\"Walking the line\" width=\"419\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line.jpg 1539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-1440x957.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-960x638.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/angelinawb/1085267480/\">Angelina 🙂\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PAHs are produced by many sources, the industry pointed out. Any \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_matter\">organic matter\u003c/a> that is burned – gasoline, for example – puts out PAHs. But the USGS team and its collaborators said the chemical “fingerprint” they are finding in, for example, sediments at the bottom of lakes near coal tar-sealed pavement, looks very similar to the PAH “fingerprint” in sealants made with coal tar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although only two states have banned coal tar sealants, \u003ca href=\"http://coaltarfreeamerica.blogspot.com/p/bans.html\">more than 40 local and state governments\u003c/a> forbid application of the coal tar-based sealants, according to the blog \u003ca href=\"http://coaltarfreeamerica.blogspot.com/\">coaltarfreeamerica.com\u003c/a>, which tracks the bans and is crusading to have the sealants outlawed nationwide. Some of the first local governments to ban the coal tar sealants were Austin, TX, Washington, DC, and Madison, WI, and surrounding Dane County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent webinar for researchers and others interested the topic, Mahler, the USGS researcher, reviewed the findings to date. Other scientists on the call suggested further work, such as looking into how the sealants are affecting creatures in salt water, and analysis of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope\">isotopes\u003c/a> of the chemicals involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahler agreed, telling the other researchers, “There’s a lot of really fruitful areas for research that have to do with this subject.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Parking lots coated with coal tar, a gooey black waste product of steel manufacturing, shed the coatings at a high rate. This toxic residue is showing up in dust on nearby apartment surfaces.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443823502,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":983},"headData":{"title":"Could your driveway be poisoning your kids? | KQED","description":"Parking lots coated with coal tar, a gooey black waste product of steel manufacturing, shed the coatings at a high rate. This toxic residue is showing up in dust on nearby apartment surfaces.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"63103 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=63103","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/01/23/could-your-driveway-be-poisoning-your-kids/","disqusTitle":"Could your driveway be poisoning your kids?","path":"/quest/63103/could-your-driveway-be-poisoning-your-kids","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every year about 85 million gallons of a toxic waste that is known to promote cancer is carefully painted across about 170 square miles of American cities and suburbs, a swath as big as the city of New Orleans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As incredible as that may sound, that’s the conclusion squarely presented by a growing body of research that looks at a gooey black \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(resin)\">pitch\u003c/a> made from a substance known as coal tar. It’s a kind of creosote, the stuff used to weatherproof telephone poles and railroad ties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also one of the two main ways Americans use to “seal” asphalt parking lots and driveways. It makes the asphalt look blacker and is intended to keep the pavement from wearing away so fast. Researchers are most interested in a class of chemicals contained in asphalt sealers known as “\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons\u003c/a>,” or PAHs. And coal tar-based sealers are dangerous enough in the opinion of some local and state governments that they have been banned. In 2011 Washington \u003ca href=\"http://www.invw.org/content/washington-is-first-state-in-nation-to-ban-toxic-pavement-sealants\">became the first state to forbid\u003c/a> the use of this kind of sealant, followed by Minnesota \u003ca href=\"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=116.202\"> last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65749\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 393px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65749 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776.jpg\" alt=\"Man spraying\" width=\"393\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776.jpg 1135w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-400x389.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-800x779.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-960x935.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Man 'seals' pavement with spray. Photo courtesy of USGS.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you’ve ever walked by a parking lot or driveway that’s recently been sealed with coal tar, your nose most likely told you so. The “aromatic” part of PAHs means that you can smell the chemicals emanating from the recently sealed pavement , especially when it bakes in the sun. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135223101200057X\">Recent research\u003c/a> shows that large and potentially dangerous amounts of these harmful chemicals are released into the air in the days, weeks, and even months after the pavement is sealed – more, in fact, than what is put out by all the cars in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists also looked at what happens to the toxic coal tar sealants after they have sat on the asphalt for a few months or years and start to peel off in tiny bits. Car tires, rain, foot traffic, snowplows, and the freeze/thaw cycle all cause tiny bits of the sealant to “abrade,” as scientists say. Little bits of the black stuff flake off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es902533r\">Research shows\u003c/a> some of it gets tracked off the parking lots and driveways and into people’s homes. Scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) found that the most dangerous coal tar component , a PAH chemical called benzo[\u003cem>a\u003c/em>]pyrene, was in driveway dust at two suburban single-family homes at thousands of times the level that would trigger a cleanup at a toxic-waste site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States has no standard for benzo[\u003cem>a\u003c/em>]pyrene in house dust, but Germany does: an official guideline of 10 parts of the chemical for every 1 million parts of dust. In the USGS’s tests of apartments near parking lots sealed with coal tar, more than one-third of the apartments showed levels of the toxic chemical exceeding that standard. House dust levels were much lower in apartments located next to parking lots coated with other kinds of sealants, which are based on asphalt and contain thousands of times less PAHs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66042\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-66042 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe.jpg\" alt=\"Converse shoe\" width=\"398\" height=\"265\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/werewolvesbaby/2863909864/\">brittany fucci\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es303371t\">Further research\u003c/a> revealed that growing up with toxic dust from a coal tar-sealed parking lot next door could cause a child to face a 38-fold increase in lifetime cancer risk. It’s especially toxic to kids under age 6. The levels measured exceed those the EPA considers worthy of cleanup at toxic waste sites, because they are likely to cause cancer in more than 1 person out of every 1,000 people exposed, researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other studies have shown that the runoff from the coal tar-sealed lots harms critters in freshwater streams where it ends up, affecting their development and reproduction and reducing the populations and the number of species able to live in affected streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growing body of research around asphalt sealants was \u003ca href=\"http://tx.usgs.gov/coring/pubs/parking%20lot%20sealants.pdf\">pioneered by\u003c/a> Barbara Mahler and Peter van Metre, a husband-and-wife team of researchers for the USGS in Austin, Texas. Many other researchers from more than a dozen other governments and universities also investigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sealant industry questioned their findings. In reaction to the work by these government and university researchers, the trade group of asphalt sealers, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/\">Pavement Coatings Technology Council\u003c/a>, has sponsored \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/scientific-journals\">its own body of research\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/pavementcouncil/PAH%20volatilization%20critique.pdf\">One industry-sponsored critique\u003c/a> went after the USGS researchers, saying,in general, that in their work, “effects have been exaggerated and uncertainties have been minimized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66066\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 419px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/01/23/could-your-driveway-be-poisoning-your-kids/walking-the-line/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-66066\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-66066 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line.jpg\" alt=\"Walking the line\" width=\"419\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line.jpg 1539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-1440x957.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-960x638.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/angelinawb/1085267480/\">Angelina 🙂\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PAHs are produced by many sources, the industry pointed out. Any \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_matter\">organic matter\u003c/a> that is burned – gasoline, for example – puts out PAHs. But the USGS team and its collaborators said the chemical “fingerprint” they are finding in, for example, sediments at the bottom of lakes near coal tar-sealed pavement, looks very similar to the PAH “fingerprint” in sealants made with coal tar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although only two states have banned coal tar sealants, \u003ca href=\"http://coaltarfreeamerica.blogspot.com/p/bans.html\">more than 40 local and state governments\u003c/a> forbid application of the coal tar-based sealants, according to the blog \u003ca href=\"http://coaltarfreeamerica.blogspot.com/\">coaltarfreeamerica.com\u003c/a>, which tracks the bans and is crusading to have the sealants outlawed nationwide. Some of the first local governments to ban the coal tar sealants were Austin, TX, Washington, DC, and Madison, WI, and surrounding Dane County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent webinar for researchers and others interested the topic, Mahler, the USGS researcher, reviewed the findings to date. Other scientists on the call suggested further work, such as looking into how the sealants are affecting creatures in salt water, and analysis of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope\">isotopes\u003c/a> of the chemicals involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahler agreed, telling the other researchers, “There’s a lot of really fruitful areas for research that have to do with this subject.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/63103/could-your-driveway-be-poisoning-your-kids","authors":["10505"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_8","quest_9","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_12556","quest_475","quest_530","quest_12555","quest_12558","quest_12557","quest_12269","quest_12386","quest_12684","quest_12683","quest_12146","quest_12682","quest_13365"],"featImg":"quest_65744","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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