Natural Wine Sales Rise in US Despite Industry Slump
It's Not Just Tech — California's Wine Industry Is Frazzled After Silicon Valley Bank Collapse
Blacklisted for Speaking Up: How California Farmworkers Fighting Abuses Are Vulnerable to Retaliation
Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers
Immigrant Workers Make ‘Wine Country’ Possible. Now Many Have Evacuated.
Bay Area Buttigieg Backers Defend 'Wine Cave' Fundraiser
Kincade Fire Displaces Farmworkers, Disrupts Sonoma Grape Harvest
California Winemakers Nervous About U.S.-China Trade Talks
Should California Winemakers Be Worried About China's Tariffs?
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While natural and other sustainable wines made up less than 1% of sales in 2021, demand was rising faster than the wine category as a whole, according to alcohol delivery site Drizly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generally, natural wine is made with handpicked organic grapes that haven’t been sprayed with herbicides or pesticides. Once they’re crushed — sometimes by foot, the way they were crushed by ancient Romans — they are naturally fermented with no added water, yeast or other ingredients. Some natural winemakers add sulfites, a chemical found naturally in grapes, as a preservative; others don’t. Some filter their wines; others leave them cloudy and full of sediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result is wines that are earthy, savory and less predictable than many of the wines churned out by big producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first time you taste it, you can tell it’s alive,” said John Keller, the owner and winemaker at Neu Cellars in Northern Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964635\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964635\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664474016-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Feet smashing grapes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664474016-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664474016-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664474016-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664474016-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664474016-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664474016-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Interns at Pax Wines in Sebastopol stomp organic grapes with their bare feet in large vats, pulling out the juice to start the fermentation process on Sept. 8, 2023. \u003ccite>(Haven Daley/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But natural wine needs to overcome some hurdles that may be hampering its growth. Unlike organic wine — which must be government certified — natural wine has no set definition in the U.S. It’s not easy to find, since most natural wines don’t have the word “natural” on their labels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Natural just sounds good, but conventional wine is pretty natural too,” said Anita Oberholster, professor of Viticulture and Enology at the University of California, Davis. “If the idea of natural wine is going to grow, we should do research on it and define it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"John Keller, owner and winemaker, Neu Cellars\"]‘The first time you taste it, you can tell it’s alive.’[/pullquote]Keller, who has a degree in biochemistry, started out working for a big winemaker in California. But he was disillusioned by all the chemical manipulation that went into making each bottle consistent. There are dozens of additives regularly used in the wine industry, including gelatin, oak dust and egg whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Keller and his father opened Neu Cellars to focus on making natural wines. Last year, they produced 3,000 bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural winemaking is “100% scary,” Keller said. He only gets to practice once a year and he can’t fall back on additives if things go wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s how life happens. You can’t really control it. You just have to give it the best conditions for the best outcome you can get,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964634\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664079461-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A man watches as grapes turn to grape juice.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664079461-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664079461-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664079461-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664079461-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664079461-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664079461-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker watches organic grapes being poured into storage containers inside Pax Wines in Sebastopol, on Sept. 8, 2023. \u003ccite>(Haven Daley/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Natural wine is not so much a fad as a return to tradition, said Erin Coburn, the owner of Minimo, a natural wine bar in Oakland. In some countries, like Georgia, winemakers never stopped making natural wine; they still ferment grapes in the egg-shaped clay pots they’ve used for thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Anita Oberholster, professor of viticulture and enology, UC Davis\"]‘If the idea of natural wine is going to grow, we should do research on it and define it.’[/pullquote]But others say the line between natural and conventional wines is a very thin one, especially for higher-end wines made with good grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many additives like yeast — which aids fermentation — are natural substances that are found in vineyards already, Oberholster said. And many conventional wines are made without additives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in the industry would like to see standards adopted for natural wine. That’s what happened in France, where the wine industry approved the “vin méthode nature” label and certification process in 2020. More than 430 vintages have used the label since then, according to the Union for the Defense of Natural Wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964632\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964632\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663452327-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Grape farmers work the vineyard.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663452327-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663452327-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663452327-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663452327-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663452327-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663452327-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers with Los Paisanos vineyard management company pick organic Pinot Noir grapes in Petaluma, Sonoma County, on Sept. 8, 2023. \u003ccite>(Haven Daley/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brian Gelb, the vice president of wine for Total Wine, a retail chain with 257 U.S. stores, has been adding natural wines to store shelves in the last two years to meet growing demand. But he isn’t sure how much of Total Wine’s inventory was already considered “natural.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would just like to have a consistent set of terms and phrases that can be universally understood,” Gelb said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11943742 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS4055_tractor20120920-1020x680.jpg']Anthony Zhang, the co-founder and CEO of Vinovest, a wine investment company, said some wine brands are taking advantage of the lack of standards and using natural imagery without being transparent about how they define “natural.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That can mislead consumers, who generally pay more for natural wines because they are made by smaller producers. Absentee Red, a natural California red blend, costs around $26 per bottle. Vivino, an online wine merchant, says similar bottles of conventional wine start around $14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, winemakers don’t always welcome standards, which come with significant costs and rules. Keller uses organic grapes but says he can’t justify the cost of repeated inspections for an organic label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964633\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964633\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663677240-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A woman pours grapes into a wooden barrel.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663677240-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663677240-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663677240-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663677240-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663677240-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663677240-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Megan Glaab, winemaker at Ryme Cellars in Forestville, Sonoma County, pours white grapes into an amphora, a ceramic container dating back to ancient Greece, to ferment wine naturally on Sept. 8, 2023. \u003ccite>(Haven Daley/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cheryl Stanley, a senior lecturer of food and beverage management at Cornell University, said standardization would be a challenge since there are so many perceptions of what makes wine “natural.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Pax Mahle, proprietor and winemaker, Pax Wine Cellars\"]‘I don’t fall into this belief that if you add sulfur you’re kicked out of the clubhouse. I think you should be kicked out of the clubhouse for making bad wine.’[/pullquote]She questions if any wine is truly natural; after all, there is human intervention at every step, from how grapes are trellised to the date they are harvested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greater transparency on wine labels could be coming soon. Starting in December, wines sold in the European Union will have to carry ingredient labels and nutrition information. Oberholster expects the U.S. to adopt ingredient labels in the next few years as well, which would make it easier to see which wines were made without additives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pax Mahle, the proprietor and winemaker at Pax Wine Cellars in Sebastopol, Sonoma County, is devoted to natural winemaking; he even crushes his grapes by foot. But he wants the freedom to add a little sugar or acid or sulfur to those grapes if he needs to, and he filters some of his white wines to make them taste cleaner and fresher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that the natural wine movement was never about these absolutes,” Mahle said. “I don’t fall into this belief that if you add sulfur you’re kicked out of the clubhouse. I think you should be kicked out of the clubhouse for making bad wine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Natural wine lacks a US definition but typically uses organic grapes and no additives. It faces hurdles due to the absence of certification and labeling.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1697482441,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1289},"headData":{"title":"Natural Wine Sales Rise in US Despite Industry Slump | KQED","description":"Natural wine lacks a US definition but typically uses organic grapes and no additives. It faces hurdles due to the absence of certification and labeling.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Natural Wine Sales Rise in US Despite Industry Slump","datePublished":"2023-10-16T18:54:01.000Z","dateModified":"2023-10-16T18:54:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Food","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/food/","nprByline":"Dee-Ann Durbin, Haven Daley\u003cbr>The Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11964629/natural-wine-sales-rise-in-us-despite-industry-slump","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wine made in ancient ways is gaining new fans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural wine — which emphasizes sustainability and minimal processing — is seeing growing interest in the U.S. even though overall wine consumption has been declining since 2015, according to IWSR Drinks Market Analysis, a research firm. While natural and other sustainable wines made up less than 1% of sales in 2021, demand was rising faster than the wine category as a whole, according to alcohol delivery site Drizly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generally, natural wine is made with handpicked organic grapes that haven’t been sprayed with herbicides or pesticides. Once they’re crushed — sometimes by foot, the way they were crushed by ancient Romans — they are naturally fermented with no added water, yeast or other ingredients. Some natural winemakers add sulfites, a chemical found naturally in grapes, as a preservative; others don’t. Some filter their wines; others leave them cloudy and full of sediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result is wines that are earthy, savory and less predictable than many of the wines churned out by big producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first time you taste it, you can tell it’s alive,” said John Keller, the owner and winemaker at Neu Cellars in Northern Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964635\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964635\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664474016-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Feet smashing grapes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664474016-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664474016-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664474016-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664474016-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664474016-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664474016-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Interns at Pax Wines in Sebastopol stomp organic grapes with their bare feet in large vats, pulling out the juice to start the fermentation process on Sept. 8, 2023. \u003ccite>(Haven Daley/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But natural wine needs to overcome some hurdles that may be hampering its growth. Unlike organic wine — which must be government certified — natural wine has no set definition in the U.S. It’s not easy to find, since most natural wines don’t have the word “natural” on their labels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Natural just sounds good, but conventional wine is pretty natural too,” said Anita Oberholster, professor of Viticulture and Enology at the University of California, Davis. “If the idea of natural wine is going to grow, we should do research on it and define it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The first time you taste it, you can tell it’s alive.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"John Keller, owner and winemaker, Neu Cellars","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Keller, who has a degree in biochemistry, started out working for a big winemaker in California. But he was disillusioned by all the chemical manipulation that went into making each bottle consistent. There are dozens of additives regularly used in the wine industry, including gelatin, oak dust and egg whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Keller and his father opened Neu Cellars to focus on making natural wines. Last year, they produced 3,000 bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural winemaking is “100% scary,” Keller said. He only gets to practice once a year and he can’t fall back on additives if things go wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s how life happens. You can’t really control it. You just have to give it the best conditions for the best outcome you can get,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964634\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664079461-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A man watches as grapes turn to grape juice.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664079461-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664079461-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664079461-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664079461-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664079461-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254664079461-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker watches organic grapes being poured into storage containers inside Pax Wines in Sebastopol, on Sept. 8, 2023. \u003ccite>(Haven Daley/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Natural wine is not so much a fad as a return to tradition, said Erin Coburn, the owner of Minimo, a natural wine bar in Oakland. In some countries, like Georgia, winemakers never stopped making natural wine; they still ferment grapes in the egg-shaped clay pots they’ve used for thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘If the idea of natural wine is going to grow, we should do research on it and define it.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Anita Oberholster, professor of viticulture and enology, UC Davis","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But others say the line between natural and conventional wines is a very thin one, especially for higher-end wines made with good grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many additives like yeast — which aids fermentation — are natural substances that are found in vineyards already, Oberholster said. And many conventional wines are made without additives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in the industry would like to see standards adopted for natural wine. That’s what happened in France, where the wine industry approved the “vin méthode nature” label and certification process in 2020. More than 430 vintages have used the label since then, according to the Union for the Defense of Natural Wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964632\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964632\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663452327-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Grape farmers work the vineyard.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663452327-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663452327-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663452327-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663452327-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663452327-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663452327-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers with Los Paisanos vineyard management company pick organic Pinot Noir grapes in Petaluma, Sonoma County, on Sept. 8, 2023. \u003ccite>(Haven Daley/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brian Gelb, the vice president of wine for Total Wine, a retail chain with 257 U.S. stores, has been adding natural wines to store shelves in the last two years to meet growing demand. But he isn’t sure how much of Total Wine’s inventory was already considered “natural.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would just like to have a consistent set of terms and phrases that can be universally understood,” Gelb said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11943742","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS4055_tractor20120920-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Anthony Zhang, the co-founder and CEO of Vinovest, a wine investment company, said some wine brands are taking advantage of the lack of standards and using natural imagery without being transparent about how they define “natural.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That can mislead consumers, who generally pay more for natural wines because they are made by smaller producers. Absentee Red, a natural California red blend, costs around $26 per bottle. Vivino, an online wine merchant, says similar bottles of conventional wine start around $14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, winemakers don’t always welcome standards, which come with significant costs and rules. Keller uses organic grapes but says he can’t justify the cost of repeated inspections for an organic label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964633\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964633\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663677240-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A woman pours grapes into a wooden barrel.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663677240-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663677240-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663677240-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663677240-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663677240-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/AP23254663677240-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Megan Glaab, winemaker at Ryme Cellars in Forestville, Sonoma County, pours white grapes into an amphora, a ceramic container dating back to ancient Greece, to ferment wine naturally on Sept. 8, 2023. \u003ccite>(Haven Daley/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cheryl Stanley, a senior lecturer of food and beverage management at Cornell University, said standardization would be a challenge since there are so many perceptions of what makes wine “natural.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I don’t fall into this belief that if you add sulfur you’re kicked out of the clubhouse. I think you should be kicked out of the clubhouse for making bad wine.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Pax Mahle, proprietor and winemaker, Pax Wine Cellars","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>She questions if any wine is truly natural; after all, there is human intervention at every step, from how grapes are trellised to the date they are harvested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greater transparency on wine labels could be coming soon. Starting in December, wines sold in the European Union will have to carry ingredient labels and nutrition information. Oberholster expects the U.S. to adopt ingredient labels in the next few years as well, which would make it easier to see which wines were made without additives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pax Mahle, the proprietor and winemaker at Pax Wine Cellars in Sebastopol, Sonoma County, is devoted to natural winemaking; he even crushes his grapes by foot. But he wants the freedom to add a little sugar or acid or sulfur to those grapes if he needs to, and he filters some of his white wines to make them taste cleaner and fresher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that the natural wine movement was never about these absolutes,” Mahle said. “I don’t fall into this belief that if you add sulfur you’re kicked out of the clubhouse. I think you should be kicked out of the clubhouse for making bad wine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11964629/natural-wine-sales-rise-in-us-despite-industry-slump","authors":["byline_news_11964629"],"categories":["news_24114","news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_33342","news_1275"],"featImg":"news_11964636","label":"source_news_11964629"},"news_11943742":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11943742","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11943742","score":null,"sort":[1679058001000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"its-not-just-tech-californias-wine-industry-is-frazzled-after-silicon-valley-bank-collapse","title":"It's Not Just Tech — California's Wine Industry Is Frazzled After Silicon Valley Bank Collapse","publishDate":1679058001,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In the aftermath of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11943215/us-seizes-silicon-valley-bank-as-stocks-tumble-depositors-scramble-to-withdraw-funds\">Silicon Valley Bank’s abrupt collapse\u003c/a> last week, California’s wine industry is in a state of uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SVB was one of the primary banks for the industry and, since 1994, has loaned more than $4 billion for things like vineyard acquisitions and wine-making equipment. According to its most recent earnings report, \u003ca href=\"https://s201.q4cdn.com/589201576/files/doc_financials/2022/q4/4Q22-SIVB-Earnings-Release-Final.pdf\">SVB has approximately $1.2 billion in outstanding loans (PDF)\u003c/a> to the wine industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Adam Lee, founder and winemaker, Clarice Wine Company\"]'To me, Silicon Valley Bank was never on the list of banks that I was terribly concerned about. Perhaps I was naive.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its collapse came as a shock to Bay Area vintners like Adam Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, Silicon Valley Bank was never on the list of banks that I was terribly concerned about,” he said. “Perhaps I was naive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee is the founder and winemaker at \u003ca href=\"https://claricewinecompany.com/\">Clarice Wine Company\u003c/a>, based in Santa Rosa. He’s been a customer with SVB since 1997, and in addition to his account, he has a line of credit open at the bank, on which he owes tens of thousands of dollars. Immediately after the bank’s closure last week, Lee was locked out of those accounts for nearly three days. His sole employee happened to receive her paycheck Friday morning — just a few hours before the bank’s collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11943773\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11943773\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1248009084-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"The exterior signage of Silicon Valley Bank with white letters on a gray building.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1248009084-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1248009084-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1248009084-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1248009084-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1248009084-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1248009084-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1248009084-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Silicon Valley Bank headquarters is seen in Santa Clara on March 10, 2023. US regulators have shut down SVB amid its sudden collapse, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation announced in a statement on Friday. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With less than $250,000 in his account, Lee was never concerned about financial loss, since the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) immediately announced it would cover up to that amount (and has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.fdic.gov/news/press-releases/2023/pr23019.html\">agreed to cover all deposits\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others weren’t so calm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some couldn't make payroll, the apps didn't work, loans couldn't be made, some couldn't get advances. It's clearly frustrating, and I don't blame them for being angry,” said Rob McMillan, founder and former executive vice president of SVB’s wine division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMillan added that he was also shocked at the sudden downfall of the bank, where he has worked for more than 30 years.[aside label=\"More California Coverage\" tag=\"silicon-valley\"]“The wine industry is not part of this. We had nothing to do with it. Our clients are in fine shape. The portfolios are in fine shape,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, his clients are in a state of uncertainty. “It's fear of the unknown,” he said. The bank is currently operating under the auspices of the federal government, and McMillan said there are several buyers potentially interested in acquiring \u003ca href=\"https://www.svb.com/industry-solutions/premium-wine-banking\">SVB’s wine division\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, though, wineries are dealing with a financial disruption that likely rippled out to their most vulnerable workforce: farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If payday was during that period of time and they didn’t get their paycheck, they're going to be hurting,” said Rosaura Segura, an immigration services provider and farmworker advocate in St. Helena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s also worried about the long-term impacts of the bank’s collapse, considering its financial support of the vineyard workforce. SVB was a major sponsor of an \u003ca href=\"https://cincogolf.com/\">annual golf tournament\u003c/a> in Napa Valley that raises money for migrant farmworker housing and other basic needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11943762\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11943762\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS29229_GettyImages-143709552-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Dark purple grapes hang from a grapevine with sun-kissed leaves.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS29229_GettyImages-143709552-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS29229_GettyImages-143709552-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS29229_GettyImages-143709552-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS29229_GettyImages-143709552-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS29229_GettyImages-143709552-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS29229_GettyImages-143709552-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS29229_GettyImages-143709552-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pinot noir grapes just before harvest at the Byron Vineyard and Winery in Santa Maria. \u003ccite>(Robyn Beck/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Those funds are for bedding, for kitchen supplies, for food. So, yeah, we're going to feel their absence,” Segura said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As will the wine industry as a whole. In addition to lending money, SVB’s McMillan compiled a \u003ca href=\"https://www.svb.com/trends-insights/reports/wine-report\">yearly benchmark report\u003c/a> for the wine industry, which provided a data-driven economic review and forecast for wineries and garnered worldwide readership. McMillan said he’s unsure he’ll be able to continue producing the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Silicon Valley Bank has a truly unique understanding of the wine business,” said Clarice Wine Company’s Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Lee said, he’s sticking with SVB — or whatever becomes of it — especially now that he has the backing of the FDIC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In an ironic way, Silicon Valley Bank is the safest place right now to put your money,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Silicon Valley Bank’s (SVB) abrupt collapse last week impacts more than just big tech companies. California’s wine industry is also in a state of uncertainty.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1679089648,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":765},"headData":{"title":"It's Not Just Tech — California's Wine Industry Is Frazzled After Silicon Valley Bank Collapse | KQED","description":"Silicon Valley Bank’s (SVB) abrupt collapse last week impacts more than just big tech companies. California’s wine industry is also in a state of uncertainty.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"It's Not Just Tech — California's Wine Industry Is Frazzled After Silicon Valley Bank Collapse","datePublished":"2023-03-17T13:00:01.000Z","dateModified":"2023-03-17T21:47:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Food","sourceUrl":"/food/","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/44671585-3e14-4167-bd23-afc8011e388e/audio.mp3","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/dcronin\">Dana Cronin\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11943742/its-not-just-tech-californias-wine-industry-is-frazzled-after-silicon-valley-bank-collapse","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the aftermath of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11943215/us-seizes-silicon-valley-bank-as-stocks-tumble-depositors-scramble-to-withdraw-funds\">Silicon Valley Bank’s abrupt collapse\u003c/a> last week, California’s wine industry is in a state of uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SVB was one of the primary banks for the industry and, since 1994, has loaned more than $4 billion for things like vineyard acquisitions and wine-making equipment. According to its most recent earnings report, \u003ca href=\"https://s201.q4cdn.com/589201576/files/doc_financials/2022/q4/4Q22-SIVB-Earnings-Release-Final.pdf\">SVB has approximately $1.2 billion in outstanding loans (PDF)\u003c/a> to the wine industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'To me, Silicon Valley Bank was never on the list of banks that I was terribly concerned about. Perhaps I was naive.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Adam Lee, founder and winemaker, Clarice Wine Company","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its collapse came as a shock to Bay Area vintners like Adam Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, Silicon Valley Bank was never on the list of banks that I was terribly concerned about,” he said. “Perhaps I was naive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee is the founder and winemaker at \u003ca href=\"https://claricewinecompany.com/\">Clarice Wine Company\u003c/a>, based in Santa Rosa. He’s been a customer with SVB since 1997, and in addition to his account, he has a line of credit open at the bank, on which he owes tens of thousands of dollars. Immediately after the bank’s closure last week, Lee was locked out of those accounts for nearly three days. His sole employee happened to receive her paycheck Friday morning — just a few hours before the bank’s collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11943773\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11943773\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1248009084-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"The exterior signage of Silicon Valley Bank with white letters on a gray building.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1248009084-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1248009084-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1248009084-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1248009084-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1248009084-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1248009084-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1248009084-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Silicon Valley Bank headquarters is seen in Santa Clara on March 10, 2023. US regulators have shut down SVB amid its sudden collapse, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation announced in a statement on Friday. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With less than $250,000 in his account, Lee was never concerned about financial loss, since the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) immediately announced it would cover up to that amount (and has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.fdic.gov/news/press-releases/2023/pr23019.html\">agreed to cover all deposits\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others weren’t so calm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some couldn't make payroll, the apps didn't work, loans couldn't be made, some couldn't get advances. It's clearly frustrating, and I don't blame them for being angry,” said Rob McMillan, founder and former executive vice president of SVB’s wine division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McMillan added that he was also shocked at the sudden downfall of the bank, where he has worked for more than 30 years.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More California Coverage ","tag":"silicon-valley"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The wine industry is not part of this. We had nothing to do with it. Our clients are in fine shape. The portfolios are in fine shape,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, his clients are in a state of uncertainty. “It's fear of the unknown,” he said. The bank is currently operating under the auspices of the federal government, and McMillan said there are several buyers potentially interested in acquiring \u003ca href=\"https://www.svb.com/industry-solutions/premium-wine-banking\">SVB’s wine division\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, though, wineries are dealing with a financial disruption that likely rippled out to their most vulnerable workforce: farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If payday was during that period of time and they didn’t get their paycheck, they're going to be hurting,” said Rosaura Segura, an immigration services provider and farmworker advocate in St. Helena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s also worried about the long-term impacts of the bank’s collapse, considering its financial support of the vineyard workforce. SVB was a major sponsor of an \u003ca href=\"https://cincogolf.com/\">annual golf tournament\u003c/a> in Napa Valley that raises money for migrant farmworker housing and other basic needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11943762\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11943762\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS29229_GettyImages-143709552-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Dark purple grapes hang from a grapevine with sun-kissed leaves.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS29229_GettyImages-143709552-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS29229_GettyImages-143709552-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS29229_GettyImages-143709552-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS29229_GettyImages-143709552-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS29229_GettyImages-143709552-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS29229_GettyImages-143709552-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS29229_GettyImages-143709552-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pinot noir grapes just before harvest at the Byron Vineyard and Winery in Santa Maria. \u003ccite>(Robyn Beck/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Those funds are for bedding, for kitchen supplies, for food. So, yeah, we're going to feel their absence,” Segura said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As will the wine industry as a whole. In addition to lending money, SVB’s McMillan compiled a \u003ca href=\"https://www.svb.com/trends-insights/reports/wine-report\">yearly benchmark report\u003c/a> for the wine industry, which provided a data-driven economic review and forecast for wineries and garnered worldwide readership. McMillan said he’s unsure he’ll be able to continue producing the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Silicon Valley Bank has a truly unique understanding of the wine business,” said Clarice Wine Company’s Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Lee said, he’s sticking with SVB — or whatever becomes of it — especially now that he has the backing of the FDIC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In an ironic way, Silicon Valley Bank is the safest place right now to put your money,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11943742/its-not-just-tech-californias-wine-industry-is-frazzled-after-silicon-valley-bank-collapse","authors":["byline_news_11943742"],"categories":["news_31795","news_1758","news_24114","news_8"],"tags":["news_32526","news_32527","news_28321","news_18538","news_32371","news_32372","news_6927","news_17623","news_3799","news_3800","news_1275","news_21765","news_6926","news_21991"],"featImg":"news_11943763","label":"source_news_11943742"},"news_11918317":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11918317","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11918317","score":null,"sort":[1656617513000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"blacklisted-for-speaking-up-how-california-farmworkers-fighting-abuses-are-vulnerable-to-retaliation","title":"Blacklisted for Speaking Up: How California Farmworkers Fighting Abuses Are Vulnerable to Retaliation","publishDate":1656617513,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11919450/trabajar-con-una-visa-h-2a-en-estados-unidos-represalias-derechos\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]A[/dropcap] pair of boots, shirts and pants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what Samuel left in the room he shared with other field workers at Mauritson Farms in Healdsburg, in the heart of Sonoma County’s wine country, last October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was heading back to his family in his hometown in Oaxaca, Mexico. The harvest had ended and his H-2A visa would soon expire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started working at Mauritson Farms in 2019 with an H-2A visa, \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/h-2a-temporary-agricultural-workers\">which lets agricultural workers stay in the U.S. for limited periods of time\u003c/a>. The program was modeled off the Bracero Program, which was created in 1942, thanks to an agreement between the U.S. and Mexican governments that brought Mexican workers to American farms. Labor rights groups point out that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/07/31/634442195/when-the-u-s-government-tried-to-replace-migrant-farmworkers-with-high-schoolers\">many of those braceros experienced wage theft, physical abuse and terrible working and living conditions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the H-2A program, Samuel and a group of other young men from towns and rural communities in and around the Sola de Vega district in Oaxaca have come to California for years — from February through October — to work at Mauritson Farms, which owns and controls the vineyards that produce Mauritson Wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He left his belongings in Healdsburg with plans to come back in 2022. But he was never rehired by Mauritson Farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the 2021 growing season, Samuel and five other workers from Oaxaca spoke up against what \u003ca href=\"#workplace\">they believed to be unfair and unsafe working conditions they had experienced for the past three years\u003c/a>. They said they were asked to work on extremely hot days without adequate protections against the heat, that hours of their pay were docked for unjustified reasons and that they suffered verbal abuse from the foreman who supervised them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the support of the labor rights group North Bay Jobs With Justice, the group of six workers met with Cameron Mauritson, manager of the vineyard, in October to explain what they were experiencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He apologized to us and said he was really sorry that this had happened at his company,” said Kevin, who also was at the meeting and worked alongside Samuel for the same period of time. “He promised that he would hire us again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Samuel and Kevin — whose real names KQED is not using due to their fears of employment loss — this promise represented a lot more than a job offer for the next year. It signaled that the group could feel comfortable speaking out against unsafe working conditions and that Mauritson wouldn’t do what they feared the most: retaliate against them by not hiring them again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We left our things [at Mauritson Farms] believing we would come back,” Samuel said. “But none of it was true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11918388\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11918388 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45142_017_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A grapevine in a field. The grapes are ripe and ready to pick.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45142_017_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45142_017_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45142_017_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45142_017_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45142_017_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Samuel and Kevin started coming to California in 2019 with H-2A visas. They would come in February and leave at the end of the grape harvest season in October. They now wait in their hometowns in Oaxaca to hear what an ALRB investigation finds. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Out of the six workers who met with Mauritson in October, none was called back to work in 2022, despite their completion of an application with Cierto Global, the company’s third-party recruiter service. Both Samuel and Kevin believe they were not rehired because they told management about unsafe working conditions they were experiencing in Mauritson's vineyards, a right protected by California labor standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Bay Jobs With Justice representatives said they have reached out to Mauritson several times since February without receiving a response. Mauritson also declined KQED’s request for an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On February 7, North Bay Jobs With Justice filed an unfair labor practice charge on behalf of the six workers with the California Agricultural Labor Relations Board (ALRB), the state agency that investigates possible workplace abuses in the agricultural industry. The charge \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/3.3.22-ULP-Against-Employer-Mauritson-Farms-Inc..pdf\">states that Mauritson Farms discriminated against the workers\u003c/a> by “refusing to rehire them because they engaged in protected concerted activity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the ALRB investigation moves forward, Samuel and Kevin spend their days taking on whatever work they can get in Oaxaca and looking for different farming jobs in the U.S., but with little luck. The window to receive an H-2A visa this year has closed, so they must look for jobs that don’t offer visas. With their remaining savings depleted and families to feed, time is running out to make enough money to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, home to the country’s largest agriculture sector, also has the nation’s third-most H-2A workers. Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/22082364/h2a-statistics.pdf\">more than 32,000 H-2A laborers from around the world worked in the state supporting the agriculture industry\u003c/a>. And even though California has an extensive system of agencies and regulations meant to protect these workers, H-2A immigrants are still extremely vulnerable to illegal retaliation by their employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To bring foreign workers to the U.S., many H-2A employers use a network of both formal and informal recruiters that operate both inside and outside the country. Workers like Samuel and Kevin depend on these recruiters to find jobs in the U.S. and navigate the visa application process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when a worker speaks up about illegal labor practices, advocates say these recruiters often make sure the worker is blacklisted across the industry — making it harder for these laborers to find another job in the U.S. and for agricultural industry and labor agencies, who only have jurisdiction in the U.S., to enforce anti-retaliation rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11918390\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11918390\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45137_011_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Rows of grapevines in a field. In the background, a worker can be seen picking grapes.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45137_011_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45137_011_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45137_011_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45137_011_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45137_011_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">More than 4,200 laborers from around the world come to work in California with an H-2A visa. Most of them are employed in the agricultural industry. While these workers are protected by the same labor laws as anybody else, labor advocates say they are especially vulnerable to retaliation if they speak up against what they consider to be unfair or unsafe labor practices. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>'Employers do retaliate' even though it's illegal\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cynthia Rice has worked as a labor rights attorney for over 20 years. She’s now the director of litigation, advocacy and training at California Rural Legal Assistance, a nonprofit law firm that provides free legal aid across the state. She’s represented dozens of agricultural workers in cases involving dangerous working conditions, wage theft and retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the start of each conversation with a new client, she makes one point clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Retaliation is illegal,” she said, while adding that, “we never say the employer can't retaliate against you because of course the employer can retaliate against you. It’s just illegal and employers do retaliate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to decades of farmworker- and immigrant-led organizing, California has several agencies that enforce labor laws, including anti-retaliation rules. The ALRB was created after then-Gov. Jerry Brown signed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alrb.ca.gov/forms-publications/fact-sheets/fact-sheet-english/\">California Agricultural Labor Relations Act\u003c/a> in 1975, which guaranteed collective bargaining rights for farmworkers. Additionally, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dlse/\">California Labor Commissioner’s Office\u003c/a> investigates underpaid or missing wages, and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/\">California Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board\u003c/a> (Cal/OSHA) enforces workplace safety rules like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886628/feeling-the-heat-how-workers-can-advocate-for-safer-working-conditions-under-the-sun\">heat protections for outdoor workers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Cynthia Rice, director of litigation, advocacy and training, California Rural Legal Assistance\"]'We never say the employer can't retaliate against you because of course the employer can retaliate against you.'[/pullquote]At the federal level, the Department of Labor processes job orders for the H-2A program and enforces employment contracts and the federal laws meant to protect guest workers. The department’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd\">Wage and Hour Division\u003c/a> investigates cases where employers may not be paying their workers properly or failing to provide housing, transportation or meals, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/WHD/legacy/files/whdfs26.pdf\">which is required by the federal government\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many immigrant farmworkers Rice has worked with come to her after they’ve been terminated or when they’re about to go back to their home countries after the harvest season. “Then they talk about the hours that were shaved or the meals and restrooms that they didn't get,” she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But waiting until the end of harvest season to file a claim with the ALRB or other labor agencies is usually too late, she said, particularly for H-2A workers who typically have to leave the U.S. soon after. It gives attorneys like Rice very limited time to collect evidence and testimony before the worker heads back to their home country, which usually complicates communication as many H-2A holders come from rural communities in Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, with limited access to the internet and telephone reception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why wait until the very last moment to speak up?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retaliation can mean losing your job (and with that, your H-2A visa) after speaking up, but it can also include intimidation or punishment. Samuel remembers when his crew was working the fields in temperatures exceeding 95 degrees. “There were times where we felt so dehydrated that we were going to pass out,” he said. “We felt we wanted to vomit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11886628\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50596_019_SanFrancisco_HeatWaveImpacts_08062021-qut-1020x680.jpg\"]\u003ca id=\"workplace\">\u003c/a>When he’d tell the foreman how he and others were feeling, Samuel said the foreman would laugh at them and tell them to keep working. Kevin said that there were many hot days where the workers didn’t have any of the heat protections required by California law. “When it was 90, 95 degrees, we didn’t have any shady spots to have a glass of water or rest for a bit,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When outside temperatures exceed 80 degrees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886628/feeling-the-heat-how-workers-can-advocate-for-safer-working-conditions-under-the-sun\">Cal/OSHA requires employers to provide their workers with sufficient water, shade and rest\u003c/a>. That means each employee should be able to drink at least one quart of water per hour and request breaks in the shade whenever they feel the need to. But a 2021 NPR investigation found that even with these protections in place, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886402/why-california-workers-are-still-dying-from-heat-despite-protections\">nearly four dozen California workers died from heatstroke\u003c/a> and other heat-related illnesses within a 10-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA has stated that heat-related deaths can be prevented, but the agency has struggled with understaffing for years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886402/why-california-workers-are-still-dying-from-heat-despite-protections\">making it harder for it to enforce its rules across California’s thousands of farms\u003c/a>. So in many cases, the responsibility of protecting workers from heat falls solely on the employer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A network of retaliation in the US — and abroad\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A 2020 report by the migrant rights group Centro de los Derechos del Migrante \u003ca href=\"https://cdmigrante.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ripe-for-Reform.pdf\">shows that it's common for H-2A employers nationwide to intimidate workers to exert greater control over them\u003c/a> and prevent them from feeling safe enough to speak up while they’re employed. Out of 100 former H-2A workers the organization spoke to, 100% of them experienced at least one serious legal violation and 94% experienced three or more serious legal violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rice from CRLA points out that H-2A employers have an incredible amount of control over workers. An employer \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/WHD/legacy/files/whdfs26.pdf\">must provide housing, meals and transportation to and from the work site\u003c/a>. Because many workers don’t have a U.S. driver’s license or their own vehicle, they also depend on their bosses for transportation to go grocery shopping, to receive medical care and for other essential activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A worker who is experiencing bad working conditions can always vote with his or her feet, right?” Rice said. “Well, that's not true for H-2A workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11886402\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1773-1020x680.jpg\"]“The program is really closer to a kind of indentured servitude that we had in prior decades under sharecropper relationships post-emancipation,” she added. “There is such a dependency that the worker has on the employer and you can't really say that they're free to engage in activity anywhere else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abusive employers can exert control over workers even when they are no longer living in the U.S. In order to find employees, many H-2A employers depend on third-party recruiters that operate all over the world. The recruitment process is rife with abuse, as some recruiters charge workers exorbitant amounts to connect them with American companies, \u003ca href=\"https://cdmigrante.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ripe-for-Reform.pdf\">some practice debt bondage and others mislead workers entirely about job opportunities\u003c/a>. Additionally, a 2015 report by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/gao-2015-report-on-h2a-program-668875.pdf\">found that recruiters often blacklist any worker who speaks up about abuses to their employer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These recruiters, which range from informal one-person operations to multinational corporations, usually work for several employers spread out across the U.S. So when recruiters blacklist a worker, they’re not just doing so for one employer but potentially for whole sectors of the agriculture industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rice has seen this happen several times with clients who spoke up about an employer in one state, only to later have trouble finding a job in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing that the employer does once a worker has complained about wages or working conditions,” she said, “is go back to the recruiter and say, ‘I don't want to hire this guy next year because they complained about me,’ and that affects not only recruitment for that particular employer, but also for all of the employers that a recruiter has a relationship with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when workers have returned to their countries of origin, the possibility of being blacklisted still exists. In the \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/gao-2015-report-on-h2a-program-668875.pdf\">2015 GAO report\u003c/a>, federal officials traveled to Mexico to talk to former H-2A workers and noted that laborers were concerned about being seen talking to U.S. investigators in their hometowns because “people walking by could possibly see and report them to the local recruiter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Elizabeth Strater, director of strategic campaigns, United Farm Workers\"]'There is a tremendous amount of control over access to those [H-2A] visas [exerted by recruiters] within the communities of origin.'[/pullquote]The United Farm Workers union, which operates nationwide, also has noticed this phenomenon. Elizabeth Strater, director of strategic campaigns with the UFW, said many Jamaican H-2A workers in the U.S. will stick it out with a bad employer for a whole year just to stay within the recruitment pool for the next year. “There is also a tremendous amount of control over access to those visas [exerted by recruiters] within the communities of origin,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Mauritson Farms first hired their crew in 2019, Samuel and Kevin say that the company arranged the recruitment process directly, using WhatsApp to coordinate. But in 2022, the vineyard switched to using a third-party recruiter, Cierto Global, a multinational farm labor contractor that was dubbed an “ethical recruiter” by the Biden administration earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Samuel and Kevin still worry that they now will have a much harder time finding a job in agriculture in the U.S. “I think [Mauritson] didn’t want any more problems to come up for them anymore,” Kevin said, “so they brought on the recruiter to be more selective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Regulating the recruiter network\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>How can labor officials prevent retaliation by American companies against H-2A workers if it happens outside the U.S.?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GAO report points out that because recruitment happens outside the U.S., there’s very little federal oversight. Although the Department of Homeland Security keeps track of every incoming H-2A immigrant, there's no federal database that tracks which agents are recruiting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Ruben Lugo, regional enforcement coordinator, Department of Labor\"]'Our enforcement authority is just in the United States. We can't regulate what these third-party recruiters are doing.'[/pullquote]State agencies like California’s ALRB, which is currently investigating the Mauritson case, also have a hard time enforcing anti-retaliation laws in these situations. Regional director Jessica Arciniega shared that these types of situations are difficult for her agency due to jurisdictional limitations, but in certain cases, this sort of retaliation can fit into an ongoing unfair labor practice investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there is evidence that the recruiter was an agent of the employer, then it may be part of something that we investigate,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the federal level, Department of Labor officials are constrained by their jurisdiction. “Our enforcement authority is just in the United States. We can't regulate what these third-party recruiters are doing, let's just say, in Mexico,” said Ruben Lugo, regional enforcement coordinator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Lugo explains, if a group of workers reported a breach of contract to the Department of Labor by their employer, and the following year none of the workers who were cooperating with the investigation were rehired, “then we can clearly discern that these workers were retaliated [against].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this situation, the federal government can order the employer to rehire the affected workers. In cases involving wage theft, officials also can require companies to pay back what they owe workers, along with civil penalties. For repeat offenders, authorities can even remove an employer from the H-2A program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the end of the day, these consequences apply only for agriculture companies in the U.S., not recruiters abroad. In 2018, over 90% of H-2A workers were from Mexico and the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/gao-2015-report-on-h2a-program-668875.pdf\">2018 GOA report\u003c/a> shows that the recruiter network operates extensively throughout that country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='More Labor Coverage' tag='labor-rights']Migrant worker advocates argue that the Mexican government, along with the governments of other countries H-2A immigrants travel from, should be more proactive about regulating the activities of these recruiters and educating workers on what their labor rights are before they leave for the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mexican officials KQED spoke to pushed back, arguing that isn’t the responsibility of the Mexican government — despite millions of dollars flowing back to Mexico each year as remittances from Mexican nationals working for the U.S. agriculture industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“H-2A visas are not part of a binational program,” said Remedios Gómez Arnau, consul general of Mexico in San Francisco. The Mexican government has no part in the hiring process and only plays a role through its consular system once Mexican nationals are in American territory, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once somebody leaves Mexico and enters another country using a visa, then that’s when we can figure out here if the national approaches a consulate and tells us what their issue is,” she said. “But before that, Mexican authorities don’t know who is being hired by who.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11918371\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11918371 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02464-1-scaled.jpeg\" alt='A group of people protest outside an office building. Many are holding signs, one says in Spanish, \"Pago extra por peligros\" or \"hazard pay\" in English.' width=\"2560\" height=\"1710\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02464-1-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02464-1-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02464-1-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02464-1-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02464-1-1536x1026.jpeg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02464-1-2048x1368.jpeg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02464-1-1920x1282.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworkers and organizers with the labor rights group North Bay Jobs With Justice picket outside the Department of Emergency Management of Sonoma County on June 9, 2022. A coalition of workers and organizers have pushed Sonoma County officials for months to put into place five safety standards, meant to protect workers as wildfires intensify due to climate change, including hazard pay for farm laborers who work in wildfire evacuation zones. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Derek Knowles)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>'The way we protect workers must change'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Samuel and Kevin don’t regret speaking up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re acting within our rights,” Samuel said. “It’s not just one worker who spoke up but many.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the team at North Bay Jobs With Justice who have been working with this group of workers since last year, this case could set a precedent for the fight to protect farmworkers in wine country and the rest of California against retaliation and unsafe labor practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the ALRB finds that Mauritson did retaliate against its workers, that could encourage other workers across the region to report their own experiences to labor officials, said Ana Salgado, community co-chair of the NBJWJ board. That could potentially fuel the movement for greater worker protections ahead of wildfire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of worker advocacy groups, including NBJWJ, \u003ca href=\"https://actionnetwork.org/petitions/farmworkers-deserve-safety-and-respect-in-sonoma-county?source=ig\">have pushed Sonoma County officials for months to put into place five safety standards\u003c/a> meant to protect workers as wildfires intensify due to climate change. These include providing safety and fire evacuation training in the workers’ first languages, including Indigenous languages, and allowing independent community observers to assess the safety of workers out in the field, so that workers are not alone when they report unsafe conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Earth is changing, and the way we protect workers must change as well,” said Salgado in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11918370\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11918370 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02491-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A group of people play the drums outside of an office building.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1710\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02491-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02491-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02491-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02491-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02491-1536x1026.jpeg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02491-2048x1368.jpeg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02491-1920x1282.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters gathered outside the Department of Emergency Management of Sonoma County on June 9, 2022, to demand greater protections for farmworkers before the onset of wildfire season. Organizers point out that climate change will only worsen in the coming years and insist that officials expand labor regulations to better protect workers as global temperatures increase. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Derek Knowles)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beyond Sonoma County, migrant rights advocates also are proposing structural reforms to the H-2A program to hold both employers and recruiters accountable for retaliation. Centro de los Derechos del Migrante has recommended that Congress approve legislation that reforms the recruitment process and ensures that workers who have suffered a labor rights violation in the U.S. can still access legal services once they’ve left the country. They’re also encouraging federal agencies, including the Department of Labor, to create a database accessible to workers that keeps track of H-2A employers and their recruiters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Ana Salgado, community co-chair, North Bay Jobs With Justice\"]'The Earth is changing, and the way we protect workers must change as well.'[/pullquote]Cynthia Rice, attorney with the CRLA, points out a loophole in the existing accountability mechanism for H-2A employers: When a worker sues their company for an illegal labor practice, that company can settle the lawsuit and avoid admitting they violated labor law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because there has not been any admission of liability or wrongdoing, that employer can get another H-2A order the next year,” Rice said. If federal officials took into consideration which companies are settling lawsuits year after year when it decides which ones get to stay in the H-2A program, it could prevent employers who don’t protect their workers from staying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reforming the program isn’t just necessary to better protect H-2A workers, Rice said, but also would benefit American workers. When H-2A workers are more vulnerable to retaliation, that makes them more attractive to hire, since employers know they can exploit them without having to fear the same consequences they’d face in hiring Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Kevin, former H-2A worker\"]'We felt awful with the abuse we received, so we set out to learn what the employer actually needs to do.'[/pullquote]While he waits to hear the ALRB’s decision, Kevin has been sharing everything he’s learned in the past year with friends who are considering working in the U.S. He doesn’t want others to go through the same things he did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were happy with the job we had over there because it gave us the economic means to send money back to our families and save for a home or a business,” he said. But he added that doesn’t justify how he was treated: “We felt awful with the abuse we received, so we set out to learn what the employer actually needs to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"What's it like for immigrant farmworkers to report an unfair labor practice? Advocates say laborers with H-2A visas are vulnerable to retaliation not just from their employers but from recruiters that connect them to jobs in the future.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1657748953,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":70,"wordCount":3995},"headData":{"title":"Blacklisted for Speaking Up: How California Farmworkers Fighting Abuses Are Vulnerable to Retaliation | KQED","description":"What's it like for immigrant farmworkers to report an unfair labor practice? Advocates say laborers with H-2A visas are vulnerable to retaliation not just from their employers but from recruiters that connect them to jobs in the future.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Blacklisted for Speaking Up: How California Farmworkers Fighting Abuses Are Vulnerable to Retaliation","datePublished":"2022-06-30T19:31:53.000Z","dateModified":"2022-07-13T21:49:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11918317 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11918317","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/06/30/blacklisted-for-speaking-up-how-california-farmworkers-fighting-abuses-are-vulnerable-to-retaliation/","disqusTitle":"Blacklisted for Speaking Up: How California Farmworkers Fighting Abuses Are Vulnerable to Retaliation","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/04ca2167-999b-4f7b-b9e1-aed1012ae3f7/audio.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11918317/blacklisted-for-speaking-up-how-california-farmworkers-fighting-abuses-are-vulnerable-to-retaliation","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11919450/trabajar-con-una-visa-h-2a-en-estados-unidos-represalias-derechos\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">A\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> pair of boots, shirts and pants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what Samuel left in the room he shared with other field workers at Mauritson Farms in Healdsburg, in the heart of Sonoma County’s wine country, last October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was heading back to his family in his hometown in Oaxaca, Mexico. The harvest had ended and his H-2A visa would soon expire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started working at Mauritson Farms in 2019 with an H-2A visa, \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/h-2a-temporary-agricultural-workers\">which lets agricultural workers stay in the U.S. for limited periods of time\u003c/a>. The program was modeled off the Bracero Program, which was created in 1942, thanks to an agreement between the U.S. and Mexican governments that brought Mexican workers to American farms. Labor rights groups point out that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/07/31/634442195/when-the-u-s-government-tried-to-replace-migrant-farmworkers-with-high-schoolers\">many of those braceros experienced wage theft, physical abuse and terrible working and living conditions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the H-2A program, Samuel and a group of other young men from towns and rural communities in and around the Sola de Vega district in Oaxaca have come to California for years — from February through October — to work at Mauritson Farms, which owns and controls the vineyards that produce Mauritson Wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He left his belongings in Healdsburg with plans to come back in 2022. But he was never rehired by Mauritson Farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the 2021 growing season, Samuel and five other workers from Oaxaca spoke up against what \u003ca href=\"#workplace\">they believed to be unfair and unsafe working conditions they had experienced for the past three years\u003c/a>. They said they were asked to work on extremely hot days without adequate protections against the heat, that hours of their pay were docked for unjustified reasons and that they suffered verbal abuse from the foreman who supervised them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the support of the labor rights group North Bay Jobs With Justice, the group of six workers met with Cameron Mauritson, manager of the vineyard, in October to explain what they were experiencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He apologized to us and said he was really sorry that this had happened at his company,” said Kevin, who also was at the meeting and worked alongside Samuel for the same period of time. “He promised that he would hire us again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Samuel and Kevin — whose real names KQED is not using due to their fears of employment loss — this promise represented a lot more than a job offer for the next year. It signaled that the group could feel comfortable speaking out against unsafe working conditions and that Mauritson wouldn’t do what they feared the most: retaliate against them by not hiring them again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We left our things [at Mauritson Farms] believing we would come back,” Samuel said. “But none of it was true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11918388\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11918388 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45142_017_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A grapevine in a field. The grapes are ripe and ready to pick.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45142_017_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45142_017_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45142_017_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45142_017_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45142_017_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Samuel and Kevin started coming to California in 2019 with H-2A visas. They would come in February and leave at the end of the grape harvest season in October. They now wait in their hometowns in Oaxaca to hear what an ALRB investigation finds. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Out of the six workers who met with Mauritson in October, none was called back to work in 2022, despite their completion of an application with Cierto Global, the company’s third-party recruiter service. Both Samuel and Kevin believe they were not rehired because they told management about unsafe working conditions they were experiencing in Mauritson's vineyards, a right protected by California labor standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Bay Jobs With Justice representatives said they have reached out to Mauritson several times since February without receiving a response. Mauritson also declined KQED’s request for an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On February 7, North Bay Jobs With Justice filed an unfair labor practice charge on behalf of the six workers with the California Agricultural Labor Relations Board (ALRB), the state agency that investigates possible workplace abuses in the agricultural industry. The charge \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/3.3.22-ULP-Against-Employer-Mauritson-Farms-Inc..pdf\">states that Mauritson Farms discriminated against the workers\u003c/a> by “refusing to rehire them because they engaged in protected concerted activity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the ALRB investigation moves forward, Samuel and Kevin spend their days taking on whatever work they can get in Oaxaca and looking for different farming jobs in the U.S., but with little luck. The window to receive an H-2A visa this year has closed, so they must look for jobs that don’t offer visas. With their remaining savings depleted and families to feed, time is running out to make enough money to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, home to the country’s largest agriculture sector, also has the nation’s third-most H-2A workers. Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/22082364/h2a-statistics.pdf\">more than 32,000 H-2A laborers from around the world worked in the state supporting the agriculture industry\u003c/a>. And even though California has an extensive system of agencies and regulations meant to protect these workers, H-2A immigrants are still extremely vulnerable to illegal retaliation by their employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To bring foreign workers to the U.S., many H-2A employers use a network of both formal and informal recruiters that operate both inside and outside the country. Workers like Samuel and Kevin depend on these recruiters to find jobs in the U.S. and navigate the visa application process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when a worker speaks up about illegal labor practices, advocates say these recruiters often make sure the worker is blacklisted across the industry — making it harder for these laborers to find another job in the U.S. and for agricultural industry and labor agencies, who only have jurisdiction in the U.S., to enforce anti-retaliation rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11918390\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11918390\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45137_011_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Rows of grapevines in a field. In the background, a worker can be seen picking grapes.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45137_011_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45137_011_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45137_011_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45137_011_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS45137_011_KQED_Napa_VineyardFarmWorkers_09302020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">More than 4,200 laborers from around the world come to work in California with an H-2A visa. Most of them are employed in the agricultural industry. While these workers are protected by the same labor laws as anybody else, labor advocates say they are especially vulnerable to retaliation if they speak up against what they consider to be unfair or unsafe labor practices. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>'Employers do retaliate' even though it's illegal\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cynthia Rice has worked as a labor rights attorney for over 20 years. She’s now the director of litigation, advocacy and training at California Rural Legal Assistance, a nonprofit law firm that provides free legal aid across the state. She’s represented dozens of agricultural workers in cases involving dangerous working conditions, wage theft and retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the start of each conversation with a new client, she makes one point clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Retaliation is illegal,” she said, while adding that, “we never say the employer can't retaliate against you because of course the employer can retaliate against you. It’s just illegal and employers do retaliate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to decades of farmworker- and immigrant-led organizing, California has several agencies that enforce labor laws, including anti-retaliation rules. The ALRB was created after then-Gov. Jerry Brown signed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alrb.ca.gov/forms-publications/fact-sheets/fact-sheet-english/\">California Agricultural Labor Relations Act\u003c/a> in 1975, which guaranteed collective bargaining rights for farmworkers. Additionally, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dlse/\">California Labor Commissioner’s Office\u003c/a> investigates underpaid or missing wages, and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/\">California Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board\u003c/a> (Cal/OSHA) enforces workplace safety rules like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886628/feeling-the-heat-how-workers-can-advocate-for-safer-working-conditions-under-the-sun\">heat protections for outdoor workers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We never say the employer can't retaliate against you because of course the employer can retaliate against you.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Cynthia Rice, director of litigation, advocacy and training, California Rural Legal Assistance","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At the federal level, the Department of Labor processes job orders for the H-2A program and enforces employment contracts and the federal laws meant to protect guest workers. The department’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd\">Wage and Hour Division\u003c/a> investigates cases where employers may not be paying their workers properly or failing to provide housing, transportation or meals, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/WHD/legacy/files/whdfs26.pdf\">which is required by the federal government\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many immigrant farmworkers Rice has worked with come to her after they’ve been terminated or when they’re about to go back to their home countries after the harvest season. “Then they talk about the hours that were shaved or the meals and restrooms that they didn't get,” she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But waiting until the end of harvest season to file a claim with the ALRB or other labor agencies is usually too late, she said, particularly for H-2A workers who typically have to leave the U.S. soon after. It gives attorneys like Rice very limited time to collect evidence and testimony before the worker heads back to their home country, which usually complicates communication as many H-2A holders come from rural communities in Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, with limited access to the internet and telephone reception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why wait until the very last moment to speak up?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retaliation can mean losing your job (and with that, your H-2A visa) after speaking up, but it can also include intimidation or punishment. Samuel remembers when his crew was working the fields in temperatures exceeding 95 degrees. “There were times where we felt so dehydrated that we were going to pass out,” he said. “We felt we wanted to vomit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11886628","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50596_019_SanFrancisco_HeatWaveImpacts_08062021-qut-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"workplace\">\u003c/a>When he’d tell the foreman how he and others were feeling, Samuel said the foreman would laugh at them and tell them to keep working. Kevin said that there were many hot days where the workers didn’t have any of the heat protections required by California law. “When it was 90, 95 degrees, we didn’t have any shady spots to have a glass of water or rest for a bit,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When outside temperatures exceed 80 degrees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886628/feeling-the-heat-how-workers-can-advocate-for-safer-working-conditions-under-the-sun\">Cal/OSHA requires employers to provide their workers with sufficient water, shade and rest\u003c/a>. That means each employee should be able to drink at least one quart of water per hour and request breaks in the shade whenever they feel the need to. But a 2021 NPR investigation found that even with these protections in place, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886402/why-california-workers-are-still-dying-from-heat-despite-protections\">nearly four dozen California workers died from heatstroke\u003c/a> and other heat-related illnesses within a 10-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA has stated that heat-related deaths can be prevented, but the agency has struggled with understaffing for years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886402/why-california-workers-are-still-dying-from-heat-despite-protections\">making it harder for it to enforce its rules across California’s thousands of farms\u003c/a>. So in many cases, the responsibility of protecting workers from heat falls solely on the employer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A network of retaliation in the US — and abroad\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A 2020 report by the migrant rights group Centro de los Derechos del Migrante \u003ca href=\"https://cdmigrante.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ripe-for-Reform.pdf\">shows that it's common for H-2A employers nationwide to intimidate workers to exert greater control over them\u003c/a> and prevent them from feeling safe enough to speak up while they’re employed. Out of 100 former H-2A workers the organization spoke to, 100% of them experienced at least one serious legal violation and 94% experienced three or more serious legal violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rice from CRLA points out that H-2A employers have an incredible amount of control over workers. An employer \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/WHD/legacy/files/whdfs26.pdf\">must provide housing, meals and transportation to and from the work site\u003c/a>. Because many workers don’t have a U.S. driver’s license or their own vehicle, they also depend on their bosses for transportation to go grocery shopping, to receive medical care and for other essential activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A worker who is experiencing bad working conditions can always vote with his or her feet, right?” Rice said. “Well, that's not true for H-2A workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11886402","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1773-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The program is really closer to a kind of indentured servitude that we had in prior decades under sharecropper relationships post-emancipation,” she added. “There is such a dependency that the worker has on the employer and you can't really say that they're free to engage in activity anywhere else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abusive employers can exert control over workers even when they are no longer living in the U.S. In order to find employees, many H-2A employers depend on third-party recruiters that operate all over the world. The recruitment process is rife with abuse, as some recruiters charge workers exorbitant amounts to connect them with American companies, \u003ca href=\"https://cdmigrante.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ripe-for-Reform.pdf\">some practice debt bondage and others mislead workers entirely about job opportunities\u003c/a>. Additionally, a 2015 report by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/gao-2015-report-on-h2a-program-668875.pdf\">found that recruiters often blacklist any worker who speaks up about abuses to their employer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These recruiters, which range from informal one-person operations to multinational corporations, usually work for several employers spread out across the U.S. So when recruiters blacklist a worker, they’re not just doing so for one employer but potentially for whole sectors of the agriculture industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rice has seen this happen several times with clients who spoke up about an employer in one state, only to later have trouble finding a job in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing that the employer does once a worker has complained about wages or working conditions,” she said, “is go back to the recruiter and say, ‘I don't want to hire this guy next year because they complained about me,’ and that affects not only recruitment for that particular employer, but also for all of the employers that a recruiter has a relationship with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when workers have returned to their countries of origin, the possibility of being blacklisted still exists. In the \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/gao-2015-report-on-h2a-program-668875.pdf\">2015 GAO report\u003c/a>, federal officials traveled to Mexico to talk to former H-2A workers and noted that laborers were concerned about being seen talking to U.S. investigators in their hometowns because “people walking by could possibly see and report them to the local recruiter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'There is a tremendous amount of control over access to those [H-2A] visas [exerted by recruiters] within the communities of origin.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Elizabeth Strater, director of strategic campaigns, United Farm Workers","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The United Farm Workers union, which operates nationwide, also has noticed this phenomenon. Elizabeth Strater, director of strategic campaigns with the UFW, said many Jamaican H-2A workers in the U.S. will stick it out with a bad employer for a whole year just to stay within the recruitment pool for the next year. “There is also a tremendous amount of control over access to those visas [exerted by recruiters] within the communities of origin,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Mauritson Farms first hired their crew in 2019, Samuel and Kevin say that the company arranged the recruitment process directly, using WhatsApp to coordinate. But in 2022, the vineyard switched to using a third-party recruiter, Cierto Global, a multinational farm labor contractor that was dubbed an “ethical recruiter” by the Biden administration earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Samuel and Kevin still worry that they now will have a much harder time finding a job in agriculture in the U.S. “I think [Mauritson] didn’t want any more problems to come up for them anymore,” Kevin said, “so they brought on the recruiter to be more selective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Regulating the recruiter network\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>How can labor officials prevent retaliation by American companies against H-2A workers if it happens outside the U.S.?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GAO report points out that because recruitment happens outside the U.S., there’s very little federal oversight. Although the Department of Homeland Security keeps track of every incoming H-2A immigrant, there's no federal database that tracks which agents are recruiting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Our enforcement authority is just in the United States. We can't regulate what these third-party recruiters are doing.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Ruben Lugo, regional enforcement coordinator, Department of Labor","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>State agencies like California’s ALRB, which is currently investigating the Mauritson case, also have a hard time enforcing anti-retaliation laws in these situations. Regional director Jessica Arciniega shared that these types of situations are difficult for her agency due to jurisdictional limitations, but in certain cases, this sort of retaliation can fit into an ongoing unfair labor practice investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there is evidence that the recruiter was an agent of the employer, then it may be part of something that we investigate,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the federal level, Department of Labor officials are constrained by their jurisdiction. “Our enforcement authority is just in the United States. We can't regulate what these third-party recruiters are doing, let's just say, in Mexico,” said Ruben Lugo, regional enforcement coordinator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Lugo explains, if a group of workers reported a breach of contract to the Department of Labor by their employer, and the following year none of the workers who were cooperating with the investigation were rehired, “then we can clearly discern that these workers were retaliated [against].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this situation, the federal government can order the employer to rehire the affected workers. In cases involving wage theft, officials also can require companies to pay back what they owe workers, along with civil penalties. For repeat offenders, authorities can even remove an employer from the H-2A program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the end of the day, these consequences apply only for agriculture companies in the U.S., not recruiters abroad. In 2018, over 90% of H-2A workers were from Mexico and the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/gao-2015-report-on-h2a-program-668875.pdf\">2018 GOA report\u003c/a> shows that the recruiter network operates extensively throughout that country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Labor Coverage ","tag":"labor-rights"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Migrant worker advocates argue that the Mexican government, along with the governments of other countries H-2A immigrants travel from, should be more proactive about regulating the activities of these recruiters and educating workers on what their labor rights are before they leave for the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mexican officials KQED spoke to pushed back, arguing that isn’t the responsibility of the Mexican government — despite millions of dollars flowing back to Mexico each year as remittances from Mexican nationals working for the U.S. agriculture industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“H-2A visas are not part of a binational program,” said Remedios Gómez Arnau, consul general of Mexico in San Francisco. The Mexican government has no part in the hiring process and only plays a role through its consular system once Mexican nationals are in American territory, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once somebody leaves Mexico and enters another country using a visa, then that’s when we can figure out here if the national approaches a consulate and tells us what their issue is,” she said. “But before that, Mexican authorities don’t know who is being hired by who.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11918371\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11918371 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02464-1-scaled.jpeg\" alt='A group of people protest outside an office building. Many are holding signs, one says in Spanish, \"Pago extra por peligros\" or \"hazard pay\" in English.' width=\"2560\" height=\"1710\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02464-1-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02464-1-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02464-1-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02464-1-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02464-1-1536x1026.jpeg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02464-1-2048x1368.jpeg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02464-1-1920x1282.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworkers and organizers with the labor rights group North Bay Jobs With Justice picket outside the Department of Emergency Management of Sonoma County on June 9, 2022. A coalition of workers and organizers have pushed Sonoma County officials for months to put into place five safety standards, meant to protect workers as wildfires intensify due to climate change, including hazard pay for farm laborers who work in wildfire evacuation zones. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Derek Knowles)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>'The way we protect workers must change'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Samuel and Kevin don’t regret speaking up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re acting within our rights,” Samuel said. “It’s not just one worker who spoke up but many.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the team at North Bay Jobs With Justice who have been working with this group of workers since last year, this case could set a precedent for the fight to protect farmworkers in wine country and the rest of California against retaliation and unsafe labor practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the ALRB finds that Mauritson did retaliate against its workers, that could encourage other workers across the region to report their own experiences to labor officials, said Ana Salgado, community co-chair of the NBJWJ board. That could potentially fuel the movement for greater worker protections ahead of wildfire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of worker advocacy groups, including NBJWJ, \u003ca href=\"https://actionnetwork.org/petitions/farmworkers-deserve-safety-and-respect-in-sonoma-county?source=ig\">have pushed Sonoma County officials for months to put into place five safety standards\u003c/a> meant to protect workers as wildfires intensify due to climate change. These include providing safety and fire evacuation training in the workers’ first languages, including Indigenous languages, and allowing independent community observers to assess the safety of workers out in the field, so that workers are not alone when they report unsafe conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Earth is changing, and the way we protect workers must change as well,” said Salgado in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11918370\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11918370 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02491-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A group of people play the drums outside of an office building.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1710\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02491-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02491-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02491-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02491-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02491-1536x1026.jpeg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02491-2048x1368.jpeg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/DSC02491-1920x1282.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters gathered outside the Department of Emergency Management of Sonoma County on June 9, 2022, to demand greater protections for farmworkers before the onset of wildfire season. Organizers point out that climate change will only worsen in the coming years and insist that officials expand labor regulations to better protect workers as global temperatures increase. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Derek Knowles)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beyond Sonoma County, migrant rights advocates also are proposing structural reforms to the H-2A program to hold both employers and recruiters accountable for retaliation. Centro de los Derechos del Migrante has recommended that Congress approve legislation that reforms the recruitment process and ensures that workers who have suffered a labor rights violation in the U.S. can still access legal services once they’ve left the country. They’re also encouraging federal agencies, including the Department of Labor, to create a database accessible to workers that keeps track of H-2A employers and their recruiters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'The Earth is changing, and the way we protect workers must change as well.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Ana Salgado, community co-chair, North Bay Jobs With Justice","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Cynthia Rice, attorney with the CRLA, points out a loophole in the existing accountability mechanism for H-2A employers: When a worker sues their company for an illegal labor practice, that company can settle the lawsuit and avoid admitting they violated labor law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because there has not been any admission of liability or wrongdoing, that employer can get another H-2A order the next year,” Rice said. If federal officials took into consideration which companies are settling lawsuits year after year when it decides which ones get to stay in the H-2A program, it could prevent employers who don’t protect their workers from staying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reforming the program isn’t just necessary to better protect H-2A workers, Rice said, but also would benefit American workers. When H-2A workers are more vulnerable to retaliation, that makes them more attractive to hire, since employers know they can exploit them without having to fear the same consequences they’d face in hiring Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We felt awful with the abuse we received, so we set out to learn what the employer actually needs to do.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Kevin, former H-2A worker","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>While he waits to hear the ALRB’s decision, Kevin has been sharing everything he’s learned in the past year with friends who are considering working in the U.S. He doesn’t want others to go through the same things he did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were happy with the job we had over there because it gave us the economic means to send money back to our families and save for a home or a business,” he said. But he added that doesn’t justify how he was treated: “We felt awful with the abuse we received, so we set out to learn what the employer actually needs to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11918317/blacklisted-for-speaking-up-how-california-farmworkers-fighting-abuses-are-vulnerable-to-retaliation","authors":["11708"],"categories":["news_1169","news_6188","news_28250","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_4092","news_31272","news_20546","news_27626","news_31271","news_20202","news_29865","news_30426","news_31268","news_31269","news_28212","news_31270","news_23478","news_31275","news_4463","news_1275","news_21765","news_6926","news_21991","news_3797","news_29881","news_31276"],"featImg":"news_11918420","label":"news"},"news_11879719":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11879719","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11879719","score":null,"sort":[1625230847000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"owls-swallows-and-bluebirds-the-secret-allies-of-bay-area-farmers","title":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers","publishDate":1625230847,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Dennis Tamura never set out to be a bird-watcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been a farmer for over 35 years, and he and his wife grow organic vegetables and flowers on Blue Heron Farms outside Watsonville. But birds have become a part of the farm’s ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 15 years ago, a bird-loving neighbor put up small wooden bird boxes on the fence posts that line Blue Heron Farms, and Tamura just started noticing the tree swallows and Western bluebirds that came to visit. Today, he points out a fluffy baby tree swallow, its comically large yellow mouth peeking out of a hole in the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The parents come by and you’ll see that their mouth is always wide open. ‘Hey, come on! I’m hungry!’ ” he said with a laugh. “It’s always kind of fun to watch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880219\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880219 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person stands in a field looking off camera.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmer Dennis Tamura stands in one of his farm’s fields on June 10, 2021. Tamura says having the barn owls, tree swallows and Western bluebirds nest in boxes on his farm has done more than just offer pest control. They help him see his farm more deeply. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Their habit is to just fly and dart around pretty low because they’re snagging insects on the fly. And then they swoop in and feed — boom — immediately, and then they turn around and go back out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like he described, a handsome tree swallow, with its white belly and iridescent blue back, flew low over the crops, then turned toward a bird box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They feed them instantaneously. It’s pretty interesting,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without landing, the parent put an insect in the baby’s mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One insect Tamura worries about is the flea beetle, which loves eating plants from the Brassica family, like broccoli and bok choy. Some of the damage caused by the flea beetles is just cosmetic, he said. “But sometimes they can outright kill plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right around this time of year, when the birds begin to leave, he said, “I notice that there’s a lot more flea beetle damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the birds help with pest insects, and they’re getting something back from the farm.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Important Allies\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Those bird boxes are simple, but they’re important. \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/silent-skies-billions-of-north-american-birds-have-vanished/\">Pesticide use and habitat\u003c/a> loss shrunk the bird population in North America by almost\u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/366/6461/120\"> 3 billion\u003c/a> since 1970. That’s nearly a 30% drop. The whole ecosystem feels that loss, since birds pollinate plants, and, like on this farm, control pest insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds like tree swallows and Western bluebirds would naturally build nests in tree cavities, but the plywood boxes all over the farm are a good substitute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also work well for barn owls. In his barn, Tamura pointed out the one box where barn owls have nested the last eight years or so, and help control his top rodent problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of gophers. I mean, we trap them but there’s no way we’re going to get them all,” Tamura said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880227\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1821px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A small colorful bird flies its way to a bird box.\" width=\"1821\" height=\"1215\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut.jpg 1821w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1821px) 100vw, 1821px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On Blue Heron Farms, an adult tree swallow feeds its baby on June 10, 2021. The swallows swoop low over the fields picking off insects mid-flight. Often, they’re feeding their young flea beetles, insects that can cause damage to crops. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>White droppings and clumps of regurgitated gopher cover the barn floor. Owls eat their prey whole and cough up the fur and bones, which they can’t digest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking a look at the mess left behind by the birds, Tamura said, “Well, they eat a lot of gophers. It’s pretty astounding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='environment']Jo Ann Baumgartner runs \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildfarmalliance.org/\">Wild Farm Alliance\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helps farmers support, and benefit from, wild nature. The organization has developed a \u003ca href=\"https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/5f2c1d71822c4cb8a9ebade1206fc0d5\">Songbird Farm Trail\u003c/a> to map locations with bird boxes, monitor changes in bird population and encourage more participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to see a million bird boxes,” she said. She added little metal tags to the bird boxes on Blue Heron Farm, and will observe bird behavior here. Monitoring bird life in boxes will add to the growing citizen science and academic research about beneficial birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These studies used to be common, Baumgartner said. “Back in the 1880s, the precursor to the USDA started studying how important birds were for eating pest insects and rodents. They asked farmers to shoot birds, which you could never do today, and pickle their stomachs and mail them in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These researchers studied the birds’ stomach contents, she explains, which led to a flurry of research papers published afterward on this topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When pesticides gained wide use, Baumgartner said, these studies fell by the wayside. But, over the last two decades, researchers have started to study once again the benefits birds provide to farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University, spends his days studying the relationship between birds and farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University\"]‘A lot of that habitat is gone and has been replaced by vineyards.’[/pullquote]He said that in Napa County, where he conducts his research, “the \u003ca href=\"https://www.suscolcouncil.org/about-us/firstpeopleshistory/\">Wappo\u003c/a> were the indigenous people here. They managed this place with a lot of traditional fire, keeping it an open grassland, with huge oaks that the first European colonizers waxed poetic about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he added, “a lot of that habitat is gone and has been replaced by vineyards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880232\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1863px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A man stands outside, next to a bird box. On one hand, he has his cellphone, on the other one he holds a very long pole.\" width=\"1863\" height=\"1243\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut.jpg 1863w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1863px) 100vw, 1863px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson checks on his phone the live images transmitted from a GoPro camera to monitor the activity of the barn owls inside the bird boxes on March 14, 2021. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson drove through a vineyard in American Canyon, stopping to check owl boxes for nests or eggs. He got out of his truck and walked towards an owl box about 15 feet off the ground and pointed out the scratches on the outside of the hole, a good sign that there’d been recent activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quietly approaching the box, he extended a painter’s pole with a GoPro camera attached to the top, which connects to his phone. Slipping the GoPro into the box, Johnson looked at his phone to get a view of what’s inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Male and female,” he whispered. “I can see an egg underneath the female. I’m going to get out of there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People have built birdhouses for centuries, and Johnson says that farmers from Chile to South Africa put up barn owl boxes because they’ve seen barn owls eat rodents on their farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily need a lot of scientific evidence to show that this is working. They’re seeing it on the ground,” he said. The academic research on the impact of owls on farms, however, was slim, so Johnson began the \u003ca href=\"https://www.owlresearchinstitute.org/barn-owl-research\">Barn Owl Research Project\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we have some scientific evidence,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880228 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Images of barn owls in their boxes captured by the team at Barn Owl Research Humboldt State University.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson’s research team places cameras near the bird boxes it manages to keep track of the behavior of the birds. This is the inside of one of the boxes. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matt Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson’s team installed infrared cameras in owl boxes all over Napa Valley to monitor what owls hunted at night, and placed GPS trackers on owls to see where they hunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University\"]‘They don’t necessarily need a lot of scientific evidence to show that this is working. They’re seeing it on the ground.’[/pullquote]“Our estimate is that a family of barn owls removes 3,400 rodents from the landscape every year,” Johnson said. “So some of these farms, like this one that has 20 occupied boxes, you’re talking about 70,000 rodents removed every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their research showed that one-third of these rodents came directly from vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This vineyard was started by the man who helped put California wines on the map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-’70s, Miljenko “Mike” Grgich was the winemaker for Chateau Montelena, \u003ca href=\"https://www.vivino.com/wine-news/the-day-california-wine-beat-the-french-and-shocked-the-world#:~:text=The%20Day%20California%20Wine%20Beat%20the%20French%20and%20Shocked%20the%20World,-By%20Michelle%20Locke&text=In%201976%2C%20Napa%20Valley's%20Chateau,wine%2C%E2%80%9D%20declared%20Robert%20Parker.\">the vineyard that beat French wine\u003c/a> in a taste test that became known as the Judgement of Paris. He went on to start \u003ca href=\"https://www.grgich.com/our-story/\">Grgich Hills Estate\u003c/a>, where his nephew, \u003ca href=\"https://www.grgich.com/our-story/people/\">Ivo Jeramaz\u003c/a>, continues the winemaking tradition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Johnson checked the barn owl boxes, Jeramaz walked by and said he’d love to add more to his vineyards. Johnson explained that after analyzing this season’s data, his team can point out new locations that owls would probably like.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Conservation With People’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, Johnson met up with three grad students at another Napa vineyard to collect data and place ID bands on barn owls to study them for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They walked down to a box, wearing headlamps. First, they checked the owl box. Next, they set a trap for an adult returning to feed its young. The box is designed, Johnson explained, so that when an owl enters it, a little door swings shut and LED lights turn on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a short wait, they all see movement. “So an adult owl flew in,” said Johnson. “We think it might be the female. She landed on the box and she’s … .”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before he finished his sentence, the light turned on. “Oh, there she is. She’s inside! Let’s go!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team quickly walked down to the box, set up a ladder and listened in to the parent feeding baby owls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making sure the adult didn’t escape from the side door, Johnson asked one of the graduate students to shine a light inside the box while he reached in with a gloved hand to grab the owl’s feet and pull it from the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The owl appeared, with its white wings spread wide out from its heart-shaped face. They put a little hood over its head to calm it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880230\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880230 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person ties an ID band around the leg of a barn owl at night.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laura Echávez, member of Matt Johnson’s research team, attaches a USGS metal ID band on a barn owl on March 30, 2021. After carefully taking measurements, the team makes sure to return each owl to its birdbox. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When they got back to the truck, graduate student \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.humboldt.edu/graduate-students/laura-ech%C3%A1vez\">Laura Echávez\u003c/a> said that the next step is to take a metal band issued by the U.S. Geological Survey and place it around the foot of the owl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She held the owl with confidence and tenderness, talking to it softly as she secured the metal band. “Can you lift your head a little buddy?” she said. “There, perfect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, after about 20 minutes of taking measurements and photos for their research, the team returned the owl to the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson hopes his team’s research can highlight the reciprocal relationship between farmers and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barn owls are one species that depend on oak trees, using the big cavities around the tree’s trunk to build nests. But with the growth of the vineyards and other development, many oak trees in this valley have disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When farmers put up these nesting boxes, it’s amazing,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an old conservation model where the idea is that we need to protect nature from people, and just lock it away and keep people out,” he explained. The flip side would be conserving nature exclusively for people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Neither of those is really quite right. I think we should think about conservation \u003ci>with\u003c/i> people, you know, understanding that we are part of the ecosystem and we do things that negatively affect some species,” Johnson said. “We can also do some things that help species survive and they in return can help us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880229\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880229 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A group of infant owls gather inside a birdbox.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researcher Matt Johnson explains that through his research he’s learned more about how much birds contribute to the well-being of humans, and ways humans can give back. A group of infant barn owls gather inside one of the bird boxes, in an image captured by the Humboldt State University barn owl research team. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matt Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>‘They’re Welcome to Be Here’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back at Blue Heron Farms outside Watsonville, farmer Dennis Tamura says that having the barn owls, tree swallows and Western bluebirds nest in boxes on his farm has done more than just offer pest control — they help him see his farm more deeply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing what you’re looking at, it’s different than just looking and watching,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re welcome to be here because there’s plenty of food, as far as I can tell. For me, they just enhance the whole environment. And obviously they do some help for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, I pointed out, he provides a home for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah,” he said with a laugh, “I guess you could say that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That seems like a pretty fair trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was produced in collaboration with the\u003ca href=\"http://thefern.org/\"> Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, investigative news organization. The author produced the story while in residence at \u003ca href=\"https://tskw.org/#\">The Studios of Key West\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Both farmers and researchers are learning more about the role birds can play in farms, like controlling pests. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1701974790,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":60,"wordCount":2294},"headData":{"title":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers | KQED","description":"Both farmers and researchers are learning more about the role birds can play in farms, like controlling pests. ","ogTitle":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers","datePublished":"2021-07-02T13:00:47.000Z","dateModified":"2023-12-07T18:46:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"The California Report Magazine","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/program/the-california-report-magazine","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/437367f6-7cb4-43cf-b3fb-ad5901800b41/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/news/11879719/owls-swallows-and-bluebirds-the-secret-allies-of-bay-area-farmers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dennis Tamura never set out to be a bird-watcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been a farmer for over 35 years, and he and his wife grow organic vegetables and flowers on Blue Heron Farms outside Watsonville. But birds have become a part of the farm’s ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 15 years ago, a bird-loving neighbor put up small wooden bird boxes on the fence posts that line Blue Heron Farms, and Tamura just started noticing the tree swallows and Western bluebirds that came to visit. Today, he points out a fluffy baby tree swallow, its comically large yellow mouth peeking out of a hole in the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The parents come by and you’ll see that their mouth is always wide open. ‘Hey, come on! I’m hungry!’ ” he said with a laugh. “It’s always kind of fun to watch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880219\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880219 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person stands in a field looking off camera.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmer Dennis Tamura stands in one of his farm’s fields on June 10, 2021. Tamura says having the barn owls, tree swallows and Western bluebirds nest in boxes on his farm has done more than just offer pest control. They help him see his farm more deeply. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Their habit is to just fly and dart around pretty low because they’re snagging insects on the fly. And then they swoop in and feed — boom — immediately, and then they turn around and go back out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like he described, a handsome tree swallow, with its white belly and iridescent blue back, flew low over the crops, then turned toward a bird box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They feed them instantaneously. It’s pretty interesting,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without landing, the parent put an insect in the baby’s mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One insect Tamura worries about is the flea beetle, which loves eating plants from the Brassica family, like broccoli and bok choy. Some of the damage caused by the flea beetles is just cosmetic, he said. “But sometimes they can outright kill plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right around this time of year, when the birds begin to leave, he said, “I notice that there’s a lot more flea beetle damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the birds help with pest insects, and they’re getting something back from the farm.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Important Allies\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Those bird boxes are simple, but they’re important. \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/silent-skies-billions-of-north-american-birds-have-vanished/\">Pesticide use and habitat\u003c/a> loss shrunk the bird population in North America by almost\u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/366/6461/120\"> 3 billion\u003c/a> since 1970. That’s nearly a 30% drop. The whole ecosystem feels that loss, since birds pollinate plants, and, like on this farm, control pest insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds like tree swallows and Western bluebirds would naturally build nests in tree cavities, but the plywood boxes all over the farm are a good substitute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also work well for barn owls. In his barn, Tamura pointed out the one box where barn owls have nested the last eight years or so, and help control his top rodent problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of gophers. I mean, we trap them but there’s no way we’re going to get them all,” Tamura said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880227\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1821px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A small colorful bird flies its way to a bird box.\" width=\"1821\" height=\"1215\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut.jpg 1821w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1821px) 100vw, 1821px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On Blue Heron Farms, an adult tree swallow feeds its baby on June 10, 2021. The swallows swoop low over the fields picking off insects mid-flight. Often, they’re feeding their young flea beetles, insects that can cause damage to crops. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>White droppings and clumps of regurgitated gopher cover the barn floor. Owls eat their prey whole and cough up the fur and bones, which they can’t digest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking a look at the mess left behind by the birds, Tamura said, “Well, they eat a lot of gophers. It’s pretty astounding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"environment"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Jo Ann Baumgartner runs \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildfarmalliance.org/\">Wild Farm Alliance\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helps farmers support, and benefit from, wild nature. The organization has developed a \u003ca href=\"https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/5f2c1d71822c4cb8a9ebade1206fc0d5\">Songbird Farm Trail\u003c/a> to map locations with bird boxes, monitor changes in bird population and encourage more participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to see a million bird boxes,” she said. She added little metal tags to the bird boxes on Blue Heron Farm, and will observe bird behavior here. Monitoring bird life in boxes will add to the growing citizen science and academic research about beneficial birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These studies used to be common, Baumgartner said. “Back in the 1880s, the precursor to the USDA started studying how important birds were for eating pest insects and rodents. They asked farmers to shoot birds, which you could never do today, and pickle their stomachs and mail them in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These researchers studied the birds’ stomach contents, she explains, which led to a flurry of research papers published afterward on this topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When pesticides gained wide use, Baumgartner said, these studies fell by the wayside. But, over the last two decades, researchers have started to study once again the benefits birds provide to farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University, spends his days studying the relationship between birds and farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘A lot of that habitat is gone and has been replaced by vineyards.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He said that in Napa County, where he conducts his research, “the \u003ca href=\"https://www.suscolcouncil.org/about-us/firstpeopleshistory/\">Wappo\u003c/a> were the indigenous people here. They managed this place with a lot of traditional fire, keeping it an open grassland, with huge oaks that the first European colonizers waxed poetic about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he added, “a lot of that habitat is gone and has been replaced by vineyards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880232\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1863px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A man stands outside, next to a bird box. On one hand, he has his cellphone, on the other one he holds a very long pole.\" width=\"1863\" height=\"1243\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut.jpg 1863w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1863px) 100vw, 1863px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson checks on his phone the live images transmitted from a GoPro camera to monitor the activity of the barn owls inside the bird boxes on March 14, 2021. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson drove through a vineyard in American Canyon, stopping to check owl boxes for nests or eggs. He got out of his truck and walked towards an owl box about 15 feet off the ground and pointed out the scratches on the outside of the hole, a good sign that there’d been recent activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quietly approaching the box, he extended a painter’s pole with a GoPro camera attached to the top, which connects to his phone. Slipping the GoPro into the box, Johnson looked at his phone to get a view of what’s inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Male and female,” he whispered. “I can see an egg underneath the female. I’m going to get out of there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People have built birdhouses for centuries, and Johnson says that farmers from Chile to South Africa put up barn owl boxes because they’ve seen barn owls eat rodents on their farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily need a lot of scientific evidence to show that this is working. They’re seeing it on the ground,” he said. The academic research on the impact of owls on farms, however, was slim, so Johnson began the \u003ca href=\"https://www.owlresearchinstitute.org/barn-owl-research\">Barn Owl Research Project\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we have some scientific evidence,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880228 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Images of barn owls in their boxes captured by the team at Barn Owl Research Humboldt State University.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson’s research team places cameras near the bird boxes it manages to keep track of the behavior of the birds. This is the inside of one of the boxes. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matt Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson’s team installed infrared cameras in owl boxes all over Napa Valley to monitor what owls hunted at night, and placed GPS trackers on owls to see where they hunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘They don’t necessarily need a lot of scientific evidence to show that this is working. They’re seeing it on the ground.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Our estimate is that a family of barn owls removes 3,400 rodents from the landscape every year,” Johnson said. “So some of these farms, like this one that has 20 occupied boxes, you’re talking about 70,000 rodents removed every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their research showed that one-third of these rodents came directly from vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This vineyard was started by the man who helped put California wines on the map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-’70s, Miljenko “Mike” Grgich was the winemaker for Chateau Montelena, \u003ca href=\"https://www.vivino.com/wine-news/the-day-california-wine-beat-the-french-and-shocked-the-world#:~:text=The%20Day%20California%20Wine%20Beat%20the%20French%20and%20Shocked%20the%20World,-By%20Michelle%20Locke&text=In%201976%2C%20Napa%20Valley's%20Chateau,wine%2C%E2%80%9D%20declared%20Robert%20Parker.\">the vineyard that beat French wine\u003c/a> in a taste test that became known as the Judgement of Paris. He went on to start \u003ca href=\"https://www.grgich.com/our-story/\">Grgich Hills Estate\u003c/a>, where his nephew, \u003ca href=\"https://www.grgich.com/our-story/people/\">Ivo Jeramaz\u003c/a>, continues the winemaking tradition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Johnson checked the barn owl boxes, Jeramaz walked by and said he’d love to add more to his vineyards. Johnson explained that after analyzing this season’s data, his team can point out new locations that owls would probably like.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Conservation With People’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, Johnson met up with three grad students at another Napa vineyard to collect data and place ID bands on barn owls to study them for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They walked down to a box, wearing headlamps. First, they checked the owl box. Next, they set a trap for an adult returning to feed its young. The box is designed, Johnson explained, so that when an owl enters it, a little door swings shut and LED lights turn on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a short wait, they all see movement. “So an adult owl flew in,” said Johnson. “We think it might be the female. She landed on the box and she’s … .”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before he finished his sentence, the light turned on. “Oh, there she is. She’s inside! Let’s go!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team quickly walked down to the box, set up a ladder and listened in to the parent feeding baby owls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making sure the adult didn’t escape from the side door, Johnson asked one of the graduate students to shine a light inside the box while he reached in with a gloved hand to grab the owl’s feet and pull it from the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The owl appeared, with its white wings spread wide out from its heart-shaped face. They put a little hood over its head to calm it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880230\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880230 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person ties an ID band around the leg of a barn owl at night.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laura Echávez, member of Matt Johnson’s research team, attaches a USGS metal ID band on a barn owl on March 30, 2021. After carefully taking measurements, the team makes sure to return each owl to its birdbox. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When they got back to the truck, graduate student \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.humboldt.edu/graduate-students/laura-ech%C3%A1vez\">Laura Echávez\u003c/a> said that the next step is to take a metal band issued by the U.S. Geological Survey and place it around the foot of the owl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She held the owl with confidence and tenderness, talking to it softly as she secured the metal band. “Can you lift your head a little buddy?” she said. “There, perfect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, after about 20 minutes of taking measurements and photos for their research, the team returned the owl to the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson hopes his team’s research can highlight the reciprocal relationship between farmers and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barn owls are one species that depend on oak trees, using the big cavities around the tree’s trunk to build nests. But with the growth of the vineyards and other development, many oak trees in this valley have disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When farmers put up these nesting boxes, it’s amazing,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an old conservation model where the idea is that we need to protect nature from people, and just lock it away and keep people out,” he explained. The flip side would be conserving nature exclusively for people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Neither of those is really quite right. I think we should think about conservation \u003ci>with\u003c/i> people, you know, understanding that we are part of the ecosystem and we do things that negatively affect some species,” Johnson said. “We can also do some things that help species survive and they in return can help us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880229\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880229 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A group of infant owls gather inside a birdbox.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researcher Matt Johnson explains that through his research he’s learned more about how much birds contribute to the well-being of humans, and ways humans can give back. A group of infant barn owls gather inside one of the bird boxes, in an image captured by the Humboldt State University barn owl research team. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matt Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>‘They’re Welcome to Be Here’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back at Blue Heron Farms outside Watsonville, farmer Dennis Tamura says that having the barn owls, tree swallows and Western bluebirds nest in boxes on his farm has done more than just offer pest control — they help him see his farm more deeply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing what you’re looking at, it’s different than just looking and watching,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re welcome to be here because there’s plenty of food, as far as I can tell. For me, they just enhance the whole environment. And obviously they do some help for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, I pointed out, he provides a home for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah,” he said with a laugh, “I guess you could say that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That seems like a pretty fair trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was produced in collaboration with the\u003ca href=\"http://thefern.org/\"> Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, investigative news organization. The author produced the story while in residence at \u003ca href=\"https://tskw.org/#\">The Studios of Key West\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11879719/owls-swallows-and-bluebirds-the-secret-allies-of-bay-area-farmers","authors":["3229"],"programs":["news_72","news_26731"],"series":["news_17045"],"categories":["news_19906","news_24114","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_2426","news_18538","news_28519","news_21074","news_20023","news_18163","news_28199","news_6565","news_29648","news_20851","news_3800","news_1275"],"featImg":"news_11880216","label":"source_news_11879719"},"news_11841245":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11841245","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11841245","score":null,"sort":[1602064815000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"immigrants-make-wine-country-what-help-do-they-have-now","title":"Immigrant Workers Make ‘Wine Country’ Possible. Now Many Have Evacuated.","publishDate":1602064815,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Immigrant Workers Make ‘Wine Country’ Possible. Now Many Have Evacuated. | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Latino and immigrant workers keep the economy of “wine country” going. And while many in the Bay Area sheltered in place at the start of the pandemic, farmworkers in Napa and Sonoma counties continued working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the Glass Fire is threatening their livelihoods. Many workers have evacuated, and likely won’t get much support from the government to help stabilize their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guest\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/faridajhabvala?lang=en\">Farida Jhabvala Romero\u003c/a>, KQED immigration reporter\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These organizations offer cash assistance to undocumented immigrants in Sonoma, Napa and Lake counties:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://undocufund.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UndocuFund for Disaster Relief in Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.upvalleyfamilycenters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpValley Relief Fund (includes Napa and Lake counties)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.onthemovebayarea.org/ncrc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Down Valley Relief Fund (Napa County)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Find a full list of organizations providing assistance in Northern California \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrantfundca.org/northern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> via the California Immigrant Resilience Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find COVID-19-related resources from the state of California for immigrants in Spanish, Vietnamese and other languages \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/guide-immigrant-californians/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700693862,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":146},"headData":{"title":"Immigrant Workers Make ‘Wine Country’ Possible. Now Many Have Evacuated. | KQED","description":"Latino and immigrant workers keep the economy of "wine country" going. And while many in the Bay Area sheltered in place at the start of the pandemic, farmworkers in Napa and Sonoma counties continued working. Now, the Glass Fire is threatening their livelihoods. Many workers have evacuated, and likely won't get much support from the","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Immigrant Workers Make ‘Wine Country’ Possible. Now Many Have Evacuated.","datePublished":"2020-10-07T10:00:15.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-22T22:57:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"The Bay","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/thebay","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC1778524838.mp3","path":"/news/11841245/immigrants-make-wine-country-what-help-do-they-have-now","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Latino and immigrant workers keep the economy of “wine country” going. And while many in the Bay Area sheltered in place at the start of the pandemic, farmworkers in Napa and Sonoma counties continued working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the Glass Fire is threatening their livelihoods. Many workers have evacuated, and likely won’t get much support from the government to help stabilize their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guest\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/faridajhabvala?lang=en\">Farida Jhabvala Romero\u003c/a>, KQED immigration reporter\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These organizations offer cash assistance to undocumented immigrants in Sonoma, Napa and Lake counties:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://undocufund.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UndocuFund for Disaster Relief in Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.upvalleyfamilycenters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpValley Relief Fund (includes Napa and Lake counties)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.onthemovebayarea.org/ncrc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Down Valley Relief Fund (Napa County)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Find a full list of organizations providing assistance in Northern California \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrantfundca.org/northern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> via the California Immigrant Resilience Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find COVID-19-related resources from the state of California for immigrants in Spanish, Vietnamese and other languages \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/guide-immigrant-californians/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11841245/immigrants-make-wine-country-what-help-do-they-have-now","authors":["7240","8659","8654","11649"],"programs":["news_28779"],"categories":["news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_4092","news_18269","news_28600","news_20202","news_19904","news_2520","news_21766","news_22598","news_4463","news_1275","news_4569"],"featImg":"news_11841246","label":"source_news_11841245"},"news_11792633":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11792633","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11792633","score":null,"sort":[1576962368000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-area-buttigieg-backers-defend-wine-cave-fundraiser","title":"Bay Area Buttigieg Backers Defend 'Wine Cave' Fundraiser","publishDate":1576962368,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The California winemakers \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/08a7d86a43a2a1a007ea21cb54994dda\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">who hosted a dinner at a \"wine cave\"\u003c/a> for Democratic presidential hopeful Pete Buttigieg are defending the fundraising event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buttigieg's political rivals used the recent fundraiser to criticize the South Bend, Indiana, mayor for soliciting campaign contributions from wealthy donors at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11792411/6-takeaways-from-the-6th-democratic-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Thursday's Democratic presidential debate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Craig and Kathryn Hall, who own the Hall Rutherford winery in Napa Valley, said Friday that they took issue with how their wine cave has been portrayed in the media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems someone's intentionally trying to create a different image than the reality. And that's unfortunate,\" Craig Hall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A dispute over big-dollar donors and fundraising between Buttigieg and Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren erupted on the presidential debate stage Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"2020 Presidential Election\" tag=\"2020-presidential-election\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warren described a lavish Buttigieg fundraiser featuring $900 bottles of wine and crystal chandeliers, saying that, unlike the South Bend mayor, \"I do not sell access to my time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Billionaires in wine caves should not pick the next president of the United States,\" she charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warren for weeks has pushed Buttigieg to open his fundraisers and be more transparent about donors. His campaign has said he doesn't solely rely on big-dollar donations and has received an outpouring of small donations averaging $32 during the last three-month reporting period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buttigieg, who has surged into the top tier of the Democratic Party's 2020 primary in part because of his fundraising success, did not back down Thursday, saying a maximum donation from Warren herself wouldn't \"pollute my campaign.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to defeat Donald Trump,\" he said, noting that Trump's reelection campaign has already accumulated hundreds of millions of dollars. \"We shouldn't try to do it with one hand tied behind our back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Halls said wine caves are common at wineries in Napa Valley and other wine-growing regions because they're good for storing wine at cool temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also said it's misleading to say the winery sells $900 bottles of wine. Its most expensive wine costs about $350 a bottle, though they sell an extra large bottle — equivalent to four standard-size bottles — for about $900. And they did not serve the most expensive wine at the Buttigieg event, they added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Craig Hall said he didn't know if any billionaires attended the fundraiser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think anyone came with the expectation that they were going to become Pete's good buddy for some personal purpose,\" Craig Hall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Buttigieg's political rivals used the recent fundraiser to criticize him for soliciting campaign contributions from wealthy donors.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1580428652,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":423},"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Buttigieg Backers Defend 'Wine Cave' Fundraiser | KQED","description":"Buttigieg's political rivals used the recent fundraiser to criticize him for soliciting campaign contributions from wealthy donors.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Bay Area Buttigieg Backers Defend 'Wine Cave' Fundraiser","datePublished":"2019-12-21T21:06:08.000Z","dateModified":"2020-01-30T23:57:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11792633 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11792633","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/21/bay-area-buttigieg-backers-defend-wine-cave-fundraiser/","disqusTitle":"Bay Area Buttigieg Backers Defend 'Wine Cave' Fundraiser","source":"Associated Press","sourceUrl":"www.apnews.com","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>Terence Chea\u003cbr />Associated Press\u003c/strong>","path":"/news/11792633/bay-area-buttigieg-backers-defend-wine-cave-fundraiser","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California winemakers \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/08a7d86a43a2a1a007ea21cb54994dda\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">who hosted a dinner at a \"wine cave\"\u003c/a> for Democratic presidential hopeful Pete Buttigieg are defending the fundraising event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buttigieg's political rivals used the recent fundraiser to criticize the South Bend, Indiana, mayor for soliciting campaign contributions from wealthy donors at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11792411/6-takeaways-from-the-6th-democratic-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Thursday's Democratic presidential debate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Craig and Kathryn Hall, who own the Hall Rutherford winery in Napa Valley, said Friday that they took issue with how their wine cave has been portrayed in the media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems someone's intentionally trying to create a different image than the reality. And that's unfortunate,\" Craig Hall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A dispute over big-dollar donors and fundraising between Buttigieg and Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren erupted on the presidential debate stage Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"2020 Presidential Election ","tag":"2020-presidential-election"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warren described a lavish Buttigieg fundraiser featuring $900 bottles of wine and crystal chandeliers, saying that, unlike the South Bend mayor, \"I do not sell access to my time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Billionaires in wine caves should not pick the next president of the United States,\" she charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warren for weeks has pushed Buttigieg to open his fundraisers and be more transparent about donors. His campaign has said he doesn't solely rely on big-dollar donations and has received an outpouring of small donations averaging $32 during the last three-month reporting period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buttigieg, who has surged into the top tier of the Democratic Party's 2020 primary in part because of his fundraising success, did not back down Thursday, saying a maximum donation from Warren herself wouldn't \"pollute my campaign.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to defeat Donald Trump,\" he said, noting that Trump's reelection campaign has already accumulated hundreds of millions of dollars. \"We shouldn't try to do it with one hand tied behind our back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Halls said wine caves are common at wineries in Napa Valley and other wine-growing regions because they're good for storing wine at cool temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also said it's misleading to say the winery sells $900 bottles of wine. Its most expensive wine costs about $350 a bottle, though they sell an extra large bottle — equivalent to four standard-size bottles — for about $900. And they did not serve the most expensive wine at the Buttigieg event, they added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Craig Hall said he didn't know if any billionaires attended the fundraiser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think anyone came with the expectation that they were going to become Pete's good buddy for some personal purpose,\" Craig Hall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11792633/bay-area-buttigieg-backers-defend-wine-cave-fundraiser","authors":["byline_news_11792633"],"categories":["news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_27370","news_25126","news_1275"],"featImg":"news_11792635","label":"source_news_11792633"},"news_11782672":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11782672","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11782672","score":null,"sort":[1572031213000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kincade-fire-displaces-farmworkers-disrupts-sonoma-grape-harvest","title":"Kincade Fire Displaces Farmworkers, Disrupts Sonoma Grape Harvest","publishDate":1572031213,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782314/what-you-need-to-know-sonoma-countys-kincade-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fast-moving Kincade Fire\u003c/a> burning near the town of Geyserville erupted during grape harvesting season, causing havoc for vineyards and farmworkers in an area heavily dependent on the wine industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vineyard management company owner Duff Bevill was out with dozens of workers picking grapes at a ranch in the Alexander Valley — an area that later became engulfed by flames — when he saw smoke approaching Wednesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782676\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11782676\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39798_IMG_1382-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39798_IMG_1382-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39798_IMG_1382-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39798_IMG_1382-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39798_IMG_1382-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39798_IMG_1382-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heavy smoke envelops vineyards that are partially charred along Highway 128, near Geyserville, on Oct. 24, 2019 \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His crew had to abandon the job, he said, as sheriff's deputies told them to evacuate. Bevill said they still have two more days of harvest, but whether they can finish it depends on how the fire progresses. He planned to move his crew to other vineyards that have not yet been affected by the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The same range east of Geyserville was burning last night [as] during the Tubbs Fire,” Bevill said Thursday, referring to the inferno that also destroyed parts of the city of Santa Rosa in 2017. “The same hills are burning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11782701,news_11782314\" label=\"More on the Kincade Fire\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the current fire had burned a friend’s home, built in the 1920s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got friends who’ve already been impacted, just like the Tubbs Fire,” said Bevill, as he hosed down the land surrounding his own home near Geyserville, to try to prevent any embers from lighting up his property. “It‘s very familiar. It’s heartbreaking what’s taking place right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Bevill’s crew is almost done with harvest season, others could still be picking grapes for two more weeks, depending on the grape variety, said Lauren Cartwright, with the Sonoma County Economic Development Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As sunset, about 90 farmworkers and half a dozen families camped out at the Healdsburg Community Center, which the city had turned into an evacuation center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782797\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11782797 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Image-from-iOS-2-e1572027433273.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworkers arrive at the shelter from Ferrari-Carano Vineyards and Winery on Oct. 24, 2019. \u003ccite>(Tiffany Camhi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those agricultural workers were brought or sent to the shelter by employers, because the vineyards where they are usually housed were enveloped in heavy smoke and had to be evacuated, said Leticia Romero, who directs community engagement for the nonprofit Corazon Healdsburg, which has offices at the Healdsburg Community Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the shelter is providing meals, while cots were set up so that people could spend the night there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The plan is to continue to keep the evacuation center open … depending on the air quality, and the containment of the fire,” said Romero, adding that the shelter was not at capacity at that point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those agricultural workers is Adolfo Lopez, of Michoacan, Mexico, who is in the country on an H-2A guest worker visa. His employer at the Ferrari-Carano Vineyards and Winery drove him and other workers Thursday morning to the shelter, where he’s been ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez said in Spanish that two out of the three years he has picked grapes in Northern California, he has had to return to Mexico early because of wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of crazy,” said Lopez, who has a ticket to fly home this Sunday. “But if we have to leave early because of safety, I think that’s best.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782793\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11782793 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Image-from-iOS-3-e1572027020828.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Todd Clow (left), Ferrari-Carano operations manager, helped relocate farmworkers at the winery, including Adolfo Lopez (right), to an evacuation shelter on Oct. 24, 2019. \u003ccite>(Tiffany Camhi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under new California \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/wildfire/Worker-Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">regulations\u003c/a>, if outdoor workers are exposed to harmful wildfire smoke, their employer must provide them with free respirators, such as the N95 mask, and training on how to use those masks properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternatively, employers must try to change workers’ jobs to an indoor environment with better air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air quality index\u003c/a> of 151 or greater indicates the harmful levels of particulate matter that can hurt the lungs — often released when fires burn structures, said Frank Polizzi, a spokesman with the California Division of Occupational Safety and Health, known as Cal/OSHA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"farmworkers\" label=\"Related coverage\"]“The onus in California is on the employer to protect the worker,” Polizzi said. “If workers are concerned, they should mention it to their supervisors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that employees should log complaints with the agency if employers don’t address their concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We never ask about the employee’s immigration status,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emergency regulation went into effect this summer, after members of the public pushed the agency to adopt stricter rules, due to concerns for worker safety during the 2017 Tubbs Fire, said Polizzi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the agency is currently developing more permanent rules to protect outdoor workers from wildfire smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tiffany Camhi contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The fast-moving Kincade Fire burning near the town of Geyserville erupted during grape harvesting season, causing havoc for vineyards and farmworkers in an area heavily dependent on the wine industry.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1572044054,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":830},"headData":{"title":"Kincade Fire Displaces Farmworkers, Disrupts Sonoma Grape Harvest | KQED","description":"The fast-moving Kincade Fire burning near the town of Geyserville erupted during grape harvesting season, causing havoc for vineyards and farmworkers in an area heavily dependent on the wine industry.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Kincade Fire Displaces Farmworkers, Disrupts Sonoma Grape Harvest","datePublished":"2019-10-25T19:20:13.000Z","dateModified":"2019-10-25T22:54:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11782672 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11782672","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/10/25/kincade-fire-displaces-farmworkers-disrupts-sonoma-grape-harvest/","disqusTitle":"Kincade Fire Displaces Farmworkers, Disrupts Sonoma Grape Harvest","path":"/news/11782672/kincade-fire-displaces-farmworkers-disrupts-sonoma-grape-harvest","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782314/what-you-need-to-know-sonoma-countys-kincade-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fast-moving Kincade Fire\u003c/a> burning near the town of Geyserville erupted during grape harvesting season, causing havoc for vineyards and farmworkers in an area heavily dependent on the wine industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vineyard management company owner Duff Bevill was out with dozens of workers picking grapes at a ranch in the Alexander Valley — an area that later became engulfed by flames — when he saw smoke approaching Wednesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782676\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11782676\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39798_IMG_1382-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39798_IMG_1382-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39798_IMG_1382-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39798_IMG_1382-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39798_IMG_1382-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39798_IMG_1382-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heavy smoke envelops vineyards that are partially charred along Highway 128, near Geyserville, on Oct. 24, 2019 \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His crew had to abandon the job, he said, as sheriff's deputies told them to evacuate. Bevill said they still have two more days of harvest, but whether they can finish it depends on how the fire progresses. He planned to move his crew to other vineyards that have not yet been affected by the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The same range east of Geyserville was burning last night [as] during the Tubbs Fire,” Bevill said Thursday, referring to the inferno that also destroyed parts of the city of Santa Rosa in 2017. “The same hills are burning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11782701,news_11782314","label":"More on the Kincade Fire "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the current fire had burned a friend’s home, built in the 1920s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got friends who’ve already been impacted, just like the Tubbs Fire,” said Bevill, as he hosed down the land surrounding his own home near Geyserville, to try to prevent any embers from lighting up his property. “It‘s very familiar. It’s heartbreaking what’s taking place right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Bevill’s crew is almost done with harvest season, others could still be picking grapes for two more weeks, depending on the grape variety, said Lauren Cartwright, with the Sonoma County Economic Development Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As sunset, about 90 farmworkers and half a dozen families camped out at the Healdsburg Community Center, which the city had turned into an evacuation center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782797\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11782797 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Image-from-iOS-2-e1572027433273.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworkers arrive at the shelter from Ferrari-Carano Vineyards and Winery on Oct. 24, 2019. \u003ccite>(Tiffany Camhi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those agricultural workers were brought or sent to the shelter by employers, because the vineyards where they are usually housed were enveloped in heavy smoke and had to be evacuated, said Leticia Romero, who directs community engagement for the nonprofit Corazon Healdsburg, which has offices at the Healdsburg Community Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the shelter is providing meals, while cots were set up so that people could spend the night there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The plan is to continue to keep the evacuation center open … depending on the air quality, and the containment of the fire,” said Romero, adding that the shelter was not at capacity at that point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those agricultural workers is Adolfo Lopez, of Michoacan, Mexico, who is in the country on an H-2A guest worker visa. His employer at the Ferrari-Carano Vineyards and Winery drove him and other workers Thursday morning to the shelter, where he’s been ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez said in Spanish that two out of the three years he has picked grapes in Northern California, he has had to return to Mexico early because of wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of crazy,” said Lopez, who has a ticket to fly home this Sunday. “But if we have to leave early because of safety, I think that’s best.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782793\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11782793 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Image-from-iOS-3-e1572027020828.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Todd Clow (left), Ferrari-Carano operations manager, helped relocate farmworkers at the winery, including Adolfo Lopez (right), to an evacuation shelter on Oct. 24, 2019. \u003ccite>(Tiffany Camhi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under new California \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/wildfire/Worker-Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">regulations\u003c/a>, if outdoor workers are exposed to harmful wildfire smoke, their employer must provide them with free respirators, such as the N95 mask, and training on how to use those masks properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternatively, employers must try to change workers’ jobs to an indoor environment with better air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air quality index\u003c/a> of 151 or greater indicates the harmful levels of particulate matter that can hurt the lungs — often released when fires burn structures, said Frank Polizzi, a spokesman with the California Division of Occupational Safety and Health, known as Cal/OSHA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"farmworkers","label":"Related coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The onus in California is on the employer to protect the worker,” Polizzi said. “If workers are concerned, they should mention it to their supervisors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that employees should log complaints with the agency if employers don’t address their concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We never ask about the employee’s immigration status,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emergency regulation went into effect this summer, after members of the public pushed the agency to adopt stricter rules, due to concerns for worker safety during the 2017 Tubbs Fire, said Polizzi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the agency is currently developing more permanent rules to protect outdoor workers from wildfire smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tiffany Camhi contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11782672/kincade-fire-displaces-farmworkers-disrupts-sonoma-grape-harvest","authors":["8659"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_24114","news_8"],"tags":["news_18269","news_26914","news_19904","news_21766","news_4981","news_17041","news_4463","news_1275"],"featImg":"news_11782675","label":"news_72"},"news_11669159":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11669159","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11669159","score":null,"sort":[1526671220000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-winemakers-nervous-about-u-s-china-trade-talks","title":"California Winemakers Nervous About U.S.-China Trade Talks","publishDate":1526671220,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Trade talks are going on in Washington, D.C., between China and the U.S. in an effort to avert an all-out trade war. Among those closely watching are California's winemakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More \u003ca href=\"https://www.visitnapavalley.com/articles/post/international-visitation-to-the-napa-valley-increased-by-62-percent-from-2014-to-2016/\">visitors come to Napa Valley from China\u003c/a> than any other foreign country, and some wineries actively court Chinese customers. \u003ca href=\"https://www.robertmondaviwinery.com/mandarin-signature-tour\">Mondavi\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.beringer.com/en/visit/mandarin-tours\">Beringer\u003c/a> host frequent Mandarin-language tours, and other wineries have menus in Chinese. At the tasting room at \u003ca href=\"http://www.honigwine.com/\">Honig Winery\u003c/a> in Rutherford, there are Chinese signs, including ads for a door-to-door international delivery service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a balcony overlooking his vineyard, Michael Honig points to row upon row of grapes that will eventually become sauvignon blanc and cabernet. Both are among the wines that his winery sends to China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past decade, U.S. wine exports to \"greater\" China, including Taiwan, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wineinstitute.org/resources/pressroom/03232018\">rose 450 percent\u003c/a>. But last month \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/04/02/598870076/what-chinese-tariffs-targeting-american-crops-will-mean-for-farmers\">China slapped a tariff\u003c/a> on U.S. wine, and other food and agricultural products, in retaliation for U.S. tariffs on steel and aluminum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China is now one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.discovercaliforniawines.com/u-s-wine-exports-total-1-53-billion-in-2017/?t=popup\">top export destinations\u003c/a> for U.S. wine, the vast majority of which comes from California. But, before the latest tariff spat, the combined taxes and tariffs for importing them to China were already more than 48 percent. On top of that, importers, distributors and retailers in China have to make a profit, too, and there are also shipping and warehousing costs. This already means a huge markup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our price point in the U.S. for our Napa cab, for example, it's roughly $50 on the shelf,\" Honig says. \"In China, it's more than double. It's over $100 on the shelf in China.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now there's a 15 percent tariff increase. Most Chinese consumers haven't felt the sting of the new prices yet because stores there are still stocked with pre-tariff wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/612115771/612253770\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Zhang, who runs a company called \u003ca href=\"https://m.weibo.cn/p/1005056009747504\">Napa Go\u003c/a>, which markets U.S. wines in China, says the big wine-drinking season is around Chinese New Year. The spring is usually a good time to restock, but this year some importers are delaying their purchases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because of the tariff increase, there are a good amount of wine being put on hold in the inventory from the U.S., not shipping to China,\" Zhang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Importers want to make sure there will be enough demand at the new prices. Honig winery had an annual shipment -- worth hundreds of thousands of dollars -- scheduled for this month. That's now on hold until the fall. Likewise, \u003ca href=\"https://wentevineyards.com/\">Wente Vineyards\u003c/a> in Livermore has $500,000 in wine shipments on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinese study-abroad student Kai Feng Chen was visiting a vineyard outside Calistoga recently. He said his friends who have traveled to Napa know how good the wine is and will likely continue to buy it. But if the tariffs boost the prices for people back home in China, that would make those wines less popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11661709/should-california-winemakers-be-worried-about-chinas-tariffs\">How Worried Should California Winemakers Be About China's Tariffs?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11661709/should-california-winemakers-be-worried-about-chinas-tariffs\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS11744_IMG_0004-1180x885.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"If you have [a] $500 budget for wine, most Chinese I believe would choose French wine instead of American wine,\" Chen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And French wines are not the only competition, Honig says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you look at other wines from around the world -- New Zealand, Australia, Chile -- they either have zero tariffs or going to zero tariffs next year, as it relates to China. We're going up. It doesn't make any sense,\" the winemaker says. \"We're not gonna go out of business because we don't sell wine in China, but I think the bigger challenge is we're going the wrong direction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few wineries have opted to temporarily take on the entire hit of the new tariffs themselves, fearing a lost market share now might take them years to build back. Other wineries are splitting the cost burden with importers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this month, winemakers from around the world will converge in Hong Kong for \u003ca href=\"http://www.vinexpohongkong.com/visit/the-exhibition/\">one of the largest wine shows of the year\u003c/a>. Many California winemakers are hoping trade talks will be resolved by then, so they can continue to make inroads into this growing market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Winemakers+Nervous+About+U.S.-China+Trade+Talks&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"China is one of the top export destinations for U.S. wine. But last month, in retaliation for U.S. tariffs on steel and aluminum, China imposed a tariff on U.S. wine and other food.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1526682363,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":694},"headData":{"title":"California Winemakers Nervous About U.S.-China Trade Talks | KQED","description":"China is one of the top export destinations for U.S. wine. But last month, in retaliation for U.S. tariffs on steel and aluminum, China imposed a tariff on U.S. wine and other food.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Winemakers Nervous About U.S.-China Trade Talks","datePublished":"2018-05-18T19:20:20.000Z","dateModified":"2018-05-18T22:26:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11669159 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11669159","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/05/18/california-winemakers-nervous-about-u-s-china-trade-talks/","disqusTitle":"California Winemakers Nervous About U.S.-China Trade Talks","source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org/","nprImageCredit":"Eric Risberg","nprByline":"Shia Levitt","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"612115771","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=612115771&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/18/612115771/california-winemakers-nervous-about-u-s-china-trade-talks?ft=nprml&f=612115771","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 18 May 2018 13:34:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 18 May 2018 05:57:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 18 May 2018 13:34:21 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/05/20180518_me_chinese_tariffs_napa_wine.mp3?orgId=150&topicId=1003&d=231&p=3&story=612115771&ft=nprml&f=612115771","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1612253770-58e8c1.m3u?orgId=150&topicId=1003&d=231&p=3&story=612115771&ft=nprml&f=612115771","path":"/news/11669159/california-winemakers-nervous-about-u-s-china-trade-talks","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/05/20180518_me_chinese_tariffs_napa_wine.mp3?orgId=150&topicId=1003&d=231&p=3&story=612115771&ft=nprml&f=612115771","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Trade talks are going on in Washington, D.C., between China and the U.S. in an effort to avert an all-out trade war. Among those closely watching are California's winemakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More \u003ca href=\"https://www.visitnapavalley.com/articles/post/international-visitation-to-the-napa-valley-increased-by-62-percent-from-2014-to-2016/\">visitors come to Napa Valley from China\u003c/a> than any other foreign country, and some wineries actively court Chinese customers. \u003ca href=\"https://www.robertmondaviwinery.com/mandarin-signature-tour\">Mondavi\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.beringer.com/en/visit/mandarin-tours\">Beringer\u003c/a> host frequent Mandarin-language tours, and other wineries have menus in Chinese. At the tasting room at \u003ca href=\"http://www.honigwine.com/\">Honig Winery\u003c/a> in Rutherford, there are Chinese signs, including ads for a door-to-door international delivery service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a balcony overlooking his vineyard, Michael Honig points to row upon row of grapes that will eventually become sauvignon blanc and cabernet. Both are among the wines that his winery sends to China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past decade, U.S. wine exports to \"greater\" China, including Taiwan, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wineinstitute.org/resources/pressroom/03232018\">rose 450 percent\u003c/a>. But last month \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/04/02/598870076/what-chinese-tariffs-targeting-american-crops-will-mean-for-farmers\">China slapped a tariff\u003c/a> on U.S. wine, and other food and agricultural products, in retaliation for U.S. tariffs on steel and aluminum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China is now one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.discovercaliforniawines.com/u-s-wine-exports-total-1-53-billion-in-2017/?t=popup\">top export destinations\u003c/a> for U.S. wine, the vast majority of which comes from California. But, before the latest tariff spat, the combined taxes and tariffs for importing them to China were already more than 48 percent. On top of that, importers, distributors and retailers in China have to make a profit, too, and there are also shipping and warehousing costs. This already means a huge markup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our price point in the U.S. for our Napa cab, for example, it's roughly $50 on the shelf,\" Honig says. \"In China, it's more than double. It's over $100 on the shelf in China.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now there's a 15 percent tariff increase. Most Chinese consumers haven't felt the sting of the new prices yet because stores there are still stocked with pre-tariff wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/612115771/612253770\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Zhang, who runs a company called \u003ca href=\"https://m.weibo.cn/p/1005056009747504\">Napa Go\u003c/a>, which markets U.S. wines in China, says the big wine-drinking season is around Chinese New Year. The spring is usually a good time to restock, but this year some importers are delaying their purchases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because of the tariff increase, there are a good amount of wine being put on hold in the inventory from the U.S., not shipping to China,\" Zhang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Importers want to make sure there will be enough demand at the new prices. Honig winery had an annual shipment -- worth hundreds of thousands of dollars -- scheduled for this month. That's now on hold until the fall. Likewise, \u003ca href=\"https://wentevineyards.com/\">Wente Vineyards\u003c/a> in Livermore has $500,000 in wine shipments on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinese study-abroad student Kai Feng Chen was visiting a vineyard outside Calistoga recently. He said his friends who have traveled to Napa know how good the wine is and will likely continue to buy it. But if the tariffs boost the prices for people back home in China, that would make those wines less popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11661709/should-california-winemakers-be-worried-about-chinas-tariffs\">How Worried Should California Winemakers Be About China's Tariffs?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11661709/should-california-winemakers-be-worried-about-chinas-tariffs\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS11744_IMG_0004-1180x885.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"If you have [a] $500 budget for wine, most Chinese I believe would choose French wine instead of American wine,\" Chen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And French wines are not the only competition, Honig says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you look at other wines from around the world -- New Zealand, Australia, Chile -- they either have zero tariffs or going to zero tariffs next year, as it relates to China. We're going up. It doesn't make any sense,\" the winemaker says. \"We're not gonna go out of business because we don't sell wine in China, but I think the bigger challenge is we're going the wrong direction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few wineries have opted to temporarily take on the entire hit of the new tariffs themselves, fearing a lost market share now might take them years to build back. Other wineries are splitting the cost burden with importers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this month, winemakers from around the world will converge in Hong Kong for \u003ca href=\"http://www.vinexpohongkong.com/visit/the-exhibition/\">one of the largest wine shows of the year\u003c/a>. Many California winemakers are hoping trade talks will be resolved by then, so they can continue to make inroads into this growing market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Winemakers+Nervous+About+U.S.-China+Trade+Talks&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11669159/california-winemakers-nervous-about-u-s-china-trade-talks","authors":["byline_news_11669159"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_1758","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_18378","news_1323","news_333","news_6850","news_4981","news_21040","news_1275","news_21765"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11669160","label":"source_news_11669159"},"news_11661709":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11661709","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11661709","score":null,"sort":[1523649668000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"should-california-winemakers-be-worried-about-chinas-tariffs","title":"Should California Winemakers Be Worried About China's Tariffs?","publishDate":1523649668,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/julian-m-alston-460054\">Julian M. Alston\u003c/a> is Director of the Robert Mondavi Institute Center for Wine Economics; \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/daniel-sumner-164021\">Daniel Sumner\u003c/a> is Frank H. Buck, Jr, Distinguished Professor of Agricultural and Resource Economics; and \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/olena-sambucci-460055\">Olena Sambucci\u003c/a> is a Postdoctoral Scholar in Agricultural and Resource Economics, all at the \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-davis-1312\">University of California, Davis\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s vintners and grape growers are among the latest potential victims in the escalating trade spat between the U.S. and China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responding to U.S. plans to impose import duties on goods from China, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/01/world/asia/china-tariffs-united-states.html\">reciprocated\u003c/a> by introducing new tariffs on 128 U.S. products, including an additional 15 percent import tariff on wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wine producers in California are concerned about the immediate and longer-term implications of this new tariff, on top of those already in place. \u003ca href=\"http://www.lodinews.com/news/article_cb943f44-395d-11e8-9d3b-5b199814232a.html\">Reports have already begun to circulate\u003c/a> about orders being canceled, redirected or renegotiated as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How worried should U.S. winemakers be?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The U.S. Wine Industry\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The U.S. is a major player in the global wine industry both in terms of consumption and production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans \u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/wine-globalization/united-states/F91DB4F30BC37145AC9B92F37C2AA5D7\">consumed 3.59 billion liters of wine\u003c/a> in 2016, or about 11.1 liters per person. About a third of that was imported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of production, the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wineinstitute.org/files/World_Wine_Production_by_Country_2015.pdf\">ranks fourth\u003c/a> after Italy, France and Spain – \u003ca href=\"https://www.wineinstitute.org/resources/statistics/article83\">making more than 3 billion liters\u003c/a> in 2016. California produced about 85 percent of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the vast majority of U.S. wine is consumed domestically, about 10 percent is shipped overseas. In 2017, the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/wine-globalization/united-states/F91DB4F30BC37145AC9B92F37C2AA5D7\">exported 380 million liters\u003c/a> of wine worth US$1.46 billion. Canada was the top destination, importing 28 percent of the total, followed by the U.K. with 15 percent, Hong Kong at 8 percent and Japan with 6 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"4lR2z\" class=\"tc-infographic-datawrapper\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/4lR2z/4/\" height=\"600px\" width=\"100%\" style=\"border: none\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>China’s Small Share\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>China, for its part, imports quite a bit of wine. Very little, however, comes from the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China imported some $2.37 billion worth of wine in 2016, most of which came from the European Union. Only \u003ca href=\"https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/visualize/tree_map/hs92/export/usa/show/2204/2016/\">$76 million\u003c/a>, or 2.2 percent, was American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"sAd9I\" class=\"tc-infographic-datawrapper\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/sAd9I/4/\" height=\"600px\" width=\"100%\" style=\"border: none\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That puts China sixth among top destinations for U.S. wine exports, with a share of about 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These \u003ca href=\"https://www.adelaide.edu.au/wine-econ/pubs/working_papers/WP0517.pdf\">figures underestimate\u003c/a> the true value somewhat because more than half of Hong Kong’s imports are then shipped or smuggled to China. Even allowing for these adjustments, Chinese consumption of U.S. wine makes up less than 1 percent of the total value of American production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s clear that at the moment China is not all that important to most California wine producers. Why then are U.S. wine producers anxious about new tariffs disrupting trade to this relatively minor market?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all about the future. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although per capita consumption of wine in China remains very low, China is the world’s fastest-growing wine market and is expected to soon become the second largest, after the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 2000 to 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://www.adelaide.edu.au/wine-econ/pubs/working_papers/WP0517.pdf\">Chinese wine consumption soared\u003c/a> from 219 million liters in 2000 to 1.24 billion liters in 2016. \u003ca href=\"https://www.adelaide.edu.au/wine-econ/pubs/working_papers/WP0517.pdf\">Some observers estimate\u003c/a> growth was even higher. Much of that consumption was imported – especially in the premium wine segment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/wine-globalization/asia-and-other-emerging-regions/85F1403DA98F8B4BB57F837734D91589\">Economists who have studied these markets\u003c/a> project further significant growth in China’s demand for wine, including premium wine imports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This would make getting pushed out of China especially troubling at a time when global per-capita wine consumption has been declining, especially in Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"WKNFE\" class=\"tc-infographic-datawrapper\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/WKNFE/1/\" height=\"600px\" width=\"100%\" style=\"border: none\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Already at a Disadvantage\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even without the new tax, U.S. exporters were facing a tilted playing field that would have constrained the potential for increasing California’s market share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the new tariffs, China already collected a tariff of 14 percent on most U.S. wine – though it can reach as high as 20 percent in some categories. In contrast, \u003ca href=\"https://www.adelaide.edu.au/wine-econ/pubs/working_papers/WP0517.pdf\">wine from some countries\u003c/a>, such as Chile, Georgia, New Zealand and, starting next year, Australia, enter China duty-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the new tariff in effect, most American wines will incur duties of 29 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hong Kong, however, does offer a back door to U.S. wine. The China-governed island phased out its own steep tariffs on wine imports a decade ago. This has created an incentive for smuggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Market Lost?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So what does all this mean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the small share of total U.S. wine currently going to China, the new tariff would not likely have a material effect on the American wine industry, whether in terms of domestic prices or producer bottom lines. Still, it will be disruptive for particular businesses especially in the near term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real concern for American wine producers is that high tariffs applied today may make U.S. wine too expensive and cause them to miss out as hundreds of millions of Chinese middle-income consumers increase their wine consumption over the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/94607/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">More broadly, if the trade spat escalates to a trade war, serious damage will be done to all of U.S. agriculture, including grape and wine producers. Even more troubling, if the loss of trade causes broader damage to the U.S. economy, it could even affect demand for California wine in its most important market: the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/should-california-winemakers-be-worried-about-chinas-tariffs-94607\">The Conversation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Right now, China isn’t all that important to most California wine producers. So why are they anxious? It’s all about the future.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1523649668,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":882},"headData":{"title":"Should California Winemakers Be Worried About China's Tariffs? | KQED","description":"Right now, China isn’t all that important to most California wine producers. So why are they anxious? It’s all about the future.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Should California Winemakers Be Worried About China's Tariffs?","datePublished":"2018-04-13T20:01:08.000Z","dateModified":"2018-04-13T20:01:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11661709 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11661709","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/04/13/should-california-winemakers-be-worried-about-chinas-tariffs/","disqusTitle":"Should California Winemakers Be Worried About China's Tariffs?","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>Julian M. Alston, Daniel Sumner, and Olena Sambucci\u003c/strong>\u003cbr />for \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/us\">The Conversation\u003c/a>\u003c/em>","path":"/news/11661709/should-california-winemakers-be-worried-about-chinas-tariffs","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/julian-m-alston-460054\">Julian M. Alston\u003c/a> is Director of the Robert Mondavi Institute Center for Wine Economics; \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/daniel-sumner-164021\">Daniel Sumner\u003c/a> is Frank H. Buck, Jr, Distinguished Professor of Agricultural and Resource Economics; and \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/olena-sambucci-460055\">Olena Sambucci\u003c/a> is a Postdoctoral Scholar in Agricultural and Resource Economics, all at the \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-davis-1312\">University of California, Davis\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s vintners and grape growers are among the latest potential victims in the escalating trade spat between the U.S. and China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responding to U.S. plans to impose import duties on goods from China, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/01/world/asia/china-tariffs-united-states.html\">reciprocated\u003c/a> by introducing new tariffs on 128 U.S. products, including an additional 15 percent import tariff on wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wine producers in California are concerned about the immediate and longer-term implications of this new tariff, on top of those already in place. \u003ca href=\"http://www.lodinews.com/news/article_cb943f44-395d-11e8-9d3b-5b199814232a.html\">Reports have already begun to circulate\u003c/a> about orders being canceled, redirected or renegotiated as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How worried should U.S. winemakers be?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The U.S. Wine Industry\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The U.S. is a major player in the global wine industry both in terms of consumption and production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans \u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/wine-globalization/united-states/F91DB4F30BC37145AC9B92F37C2AA5D7\">consumed 3.59 billion liters of wine\u003c/a> in 2016, or about 11.1 liters per person. About a third of that was imported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of production, the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wineinstitute.org/files/World_Wine_Production_by_Country_2015.pdf\">ranks fourth\u003c/a> after Italy, France and Spain – \u003ca href=\"https://www.wineinstitute.org/resources/statistics/article83\">making more than 3 billion liters\u003c/a> in 2016. California produced about 85 percent of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the vast majority of U.S. wine is consumed domestically, about 10 percent is shipped overseas. In 2017, the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/wine-globalization/united-states/F91DB4F30BC37145AC9B92F37C2AA5D7\">exported 380 million liters\u003c/a> of wine worth US$1.46 billion. Canada was the top destination, importing 28 percent of the total, followed by the U.K. with 15 percent, Hong Kong at 8 percent and Japan with 6 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"4lR2z\" class=\"tc-infographic-datawrapper\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/4lR2z/4/\" height=\"600px\" width=\"100%\" style=\"border: none\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>China’s Small Share\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>China, for its part, imports quite a bit of wine. Very little, however, comes from the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China imported some $2.37 billion worth of wine in 2016, most of which came from the European Union. Only \u003ca href=\"https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/visualize/tree_map/hs92/export/usa/show/2204/2016/\">$76 million\u003c/a>, or 2.2 percent, was American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"sAd9I\" class=\"tc-infographic-datawrapper\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/sAd9I/4/\" height=\"600px\" width=\"100%\" style=\"border: none\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That puts China sixth among top destinations for U.S. wine exports, with a share of about 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These \u003ca href=\"https://www.adelaide.edu.au/wine-econ/pubs/working_papers/WP0517.pdf\">figures underestimate\u003c/a> the true value somewhat because more than half of Hong Kong’s imports are then shipped or smuggled to China. Even allowing for these adjustments, Chinese consumption of U.S. wine makes up less than 1 percent of the total value of American production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s clear that at the moment China is not all that important to most California wine producers. Why then are U.S. wine producers anxious about new tariffs disrupting trade to this relatively minor market?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all about the future. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although per capita consumption of wine in China remains very low, China is the world’s fastest-growing wine market and is expected to soon become the second largest, after the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 2000 to 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://www.adelaide.edu.au/wine-econ/pubs/working_papers/WP0517.pdf\">Chinese wine consumption soared\u003c/a> from 219 million liters in 2000 to 1.24 billion liters in 2016. \u003ca href=\"https://www.adelaide.edu.au/wine-econ/pubs/working_papers/WP0517.pdf\">Some observers estimate\u003c/a> growth was even higher. Much of that consumption was imported – especially in the premium wine segment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/wine-globalization/asia-and-other-emerging-regions/85F1403DA98F8B4BB57F837734D91589\">Economists who have studied these markets\u003c/a> project further significant growth in China’s demand for wine, including premium wine imports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This would make getting pushed out of China especially troubling at a time when global per-capita wine consumption has been declining, especially in Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"WKNFE\" class=\"tc-infographic-datawrapper\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/WKNFE/1/\" height=\"600px\" width=\"100%\" style=\"border: none\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Already at a Disadvantage\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even without the new tax, U.S. exporters were facing a tilted playing field that would have constrained the potential for increasing California’s market share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the new tariffs, China already collected a tariff of 14 percent on most U.S. wine – though it can reach as high as 20 percent in some categories. In contrast, \u003ca href=\"https://www.adelaide.edu.au/wine-econ/pubs/working_papers/WP0517.pdf\">wine from some countries\u003c/a>, such as Chile, Georgia, New Zealand and, starting next year, Australia, enter China duty-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the new tariff in effect, most American wines will incur duties of 29 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hong Kong, however, does offer a back door to U.S. wine. The China-governed island phased out its own steep tariffs on wine imports a decade ago. This has created an incentive for smuggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Market Lost?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So what does all this mean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the small share of total U.S. wine currently going to China, the new tariff would not likely have a material effect on the American wine industry, whether in terms of domestic prices or producer bottom lines. Still, it will be disruptive for particular businesses especially in the near term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real concern for American wine producers is that high tariffs applied today may make U.S. wine too expensive and cause them to miss out as hundreds of millions of Chinese middle-income consumers increase their wine consumption over the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/94607/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">More broadly, if the trade spat escalates to a trade war, serious damage will be done to all of U.S. agriculture, including grape and wine producers. Even more troubling, if the loss of trade causes broader damage to the U.S. economy, it could even affect demand for California wine in its most important market: the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/should-california-winemakers-be-worried-about-chinas-tariffs-94607\">The Conversation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11661709/should-california-winemakers-be-worried-about-chinas-tariffs","authors":["byline_news_11661709"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_1758","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_18378","news_22935","news_6565","news_4981","news_22934","news_1275","news_6926","news_21991"],"featImg":"news_11661711","label":"news_72"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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