I Told the Story of a Forgotten Chicano Revolutionary in a Podcast. Turns Out It Was My Story, Too
'What Are You?' Artist Kip Fulbeck Gives Mixed-Race People a Chance to Answer in Their Own Words
California Needs to Rethink Urban Fire Risk, Starting With Where It Builds Houses
Amid Warning Signs, Isla Vista Killer Slipped Through System
Stabbing Victims in Isla Vista Killings Were From San Jose, Fremont
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Turns Out It Was My Story, Too","publishDate":1657930763,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report Magazine | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a> teamed up with LAist Studios to share an episode from the new season of their podcast “\u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/1604648881\">Imperfect Paradise: The Forgotten Revolutionary\u003c/a>.” It's the story of Oscar Gomez, a radio DJ and Chicano student leader during a time of explosive anti-immigrant political rhetoric in the early 1990s. Some people thought Gomez was going to be the next Cesar Chavez. 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Over the next 10 months, as we interviewed people and looked for documents, I came to the realization that three-decade-old activism fundamentally shaped my three-decade-long journalism career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s certainly not what I expected to find when I first introduced our audience to Oscar Gomez in 2019. Oscar was a scholar-athlete at Baldwin Park High School who graduated in the spring of 1990, then enrolled at UC Davis that fall. In that same year California was entering a red-hot political climate driven by a backlash against increased immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 17, 1994, four years after Oscar’s freshman year, he was found dead on a Santa Barbara beach, apparently after a fall from a bluff near the UC Santa Barbara campus. My story \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/25-years-after-his-tragic-death-oscar-gomez-gets-his-college-degree\">detailed how he was awarded a posthumous degree\u003c/a> by UC Davis 25 years after his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Ralph Armbruster-Sandoval, professor of Chicana and Chicano studies, UCSB\"]'I don't think we're at where we're at today without these sacrifices and activism of the folks in the '90s.'[/pullquote]I could have left the story there. I could have moved on. And I was about to move on. But the people I interviewed, Oscar’s activist friends, recounted stories of how Chicano college students resisted and reacted to the state’s politics, sometimes putting their own lives on the line, and that dislodged my own memories of my own activism in those years. In the past 30 years I’ve rarely talked publicly about how I was part of the early '90s Chicano student movement, leading a student newspaper, producing a campus public affairs show and attending protests in California, some of the same protests that Oscar attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those personal connections led me to dig deeper. I spent months searching for documents and engaging in a deep process of thinking about how the activist and journalism work I did back then affects me today. I similarly dug deep into Oscar’s college activism and found overlaps between Oscar’s work and mine. The results are in the eight-episode LAist Studios podcast “\u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/podcasts/imperfectparadise\">Imperfect Paradise: The Forgotten Revolutionary\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Time traveling back to the early '90s\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Doing this work has made me feel like I’ve been living in the years 1990-1994. Judith Segura-Mora was one of the people who triggered a waterfall of memories. She was the UC Davis student who recruited Oscar to a Chicano student organization on campus in 1990. We put two and two together and I recalled having seen her speak at the National Chicano Student Conference in Albuquerque in 1992. I paid my way there to write a story for Voz Fronteriza, the Chicano newspaper at UC San Diego. It was the first out-of-town reporting assignment in my fledgling reporting career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I talked to Judith at a reception for the Gomez family a day before Oscar’s degree ceremony. She introduced me to Eddie Salas, who was DJing at the reception. He helped on Oscar’s Chicano public affairs radio show, “\u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/user-532477086\">La Onda Xicana\u003c/a>” (also known as “La Onda Chicana”), and had many late-night conversations with Oscar about a variety of musicians. Hearing Eddie’s stories about “La Onda Chicana” took me back to my own public affairs college radio show, “Radio Califas.” My show sparked an interest in the new rock bands coming out of Mexico and Latin America, an interest that would lead me to write music and concert reviews for many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11919735\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1172px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11919735\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station.jpg\" alt=\"young man behind a DJ booth wearing a leather jacket and glasses smiles into the camera as a record sits on a turntable in the foreground\" width=\"1172\" height=\"922\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station.jpg 1172w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station-800x629.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station-1020x802.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station-160x126.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1172px) 100vw, 1172px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adolfo Guzman-Lopez producing 'Radio Califas' at UCSD's station, KSDT. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Adolfo Guzman-Lopez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I found a box of cassettes of my show. I was surprised at the list of interviews: the film director Robert Rodriguez talking about his first film, the LA poet Marisela Norte, the renowned Chicana journalist Elizabeth Martínez, ethnic studies scholar George Lipsitz guest-DJing while he talked about 1960s and '70s music. And I remembered that I convinced UC San Diego ethnic studies professor Jorge Mariscal to give me and the other students working on the show academic credit for our efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The class was Lit/Writing 121 Reportage. Its four units and the A grade I earned raised my grade-point average enough to allow me to graduate from UC San Diego in 1993. Looking at the diversity of Latino arts, culture and politics on the show, I’d say our Radio Califas production team delivered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the podcast production team and I tried to find out what happened to Oscar for \"Forgotten Revolutionary,\" we heard many more stories of 1990s activism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nValentino Gutierrez, now a high school teacher in Pico Rivera, told us of going on hunger strike to expand Chicano studies while he was an undergrad at UC Santa Barbara. Margarita Berta-Avila, a fellow student and friend of Oscar’s at UC Davis, told us how strongly she felt about the Chicano movement despite not being Mexican American (her parents are from El Salvador and Peru). Other friends of Oscar’s, like Sabrina Enrique, talked of the sexism of the 1990s movement that I believed then was a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The emotional toll of activism\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>I heard former activists, including Judith, talk about the emotional toll so much activism took on her and her fellow student activists. She said her grades and mental health suffered. Mining my own feelings and looking at my academic transcript, I remembered how mine did, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don't think we're at where we're at today without these sacrifices and activism of the folks in the '90s,” said Ralph Armbruster-Sandoval, a professor of Chicana and Chicano studies at UCSB.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don't feel like they've always been properly recognized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The activism of 1990s college students survives in memories and on mostly analog platforms. These students’ newspapers, film print photographs and cassette audio recordings remain in dusty boxes in attics and garages, and in some university archives, if they’ve survived at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that contributes, Ambruster-Sandoval said, to 1990s Chicano student activism being a “lost period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11919727\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11919727\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira.jpg\" alt=\"aerial black and white photo of young activists holding signs reading 'Columbus had no green card' and 'Chicano power' and 'brown is beautiful'\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1273\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira-1536x1018.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Activists hold signs at an anti-Columbus protest on Oct. 10, 1992, in San Ysidro. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Gene Chavira)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For about 25 years, that’s what the early 1990s college activist experience felt like to me. Every time I take out copies of the UC San Diego newspaper, Voz Fronteriza, that contain my writings, the pages seem to be more yellow and more brittle. I have cassette copies of my radio shows that need to be digitized before time erases their content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I began a mainstream journalism career in the late 1990s, I heard people in my first newsroom say journalism that came out of activism and even ethnic journalism fell into the category of “advocacy journalism.” There is some truth to that. But the comments left a chilling effect that led me to put away my college journalism experiences and lock them up in favor of a traditional “objective” approach. I was at the very beginning of a paid journalism career and I didn’t want another target on my back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to tell Oscar’s story for the podcast, I had to tell my own story as a 1990s activist because he and I moved in some of the same activist circles and attended some of the same marches, including the protest in downtown Santa Barbara to support Chicano Studies Professor Rudy Acuña on Feb. 1, 1992. Acuña had been turned down for a faculty position in Chicano studies at UC Santa Barbara the year before and \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-09-26-me-1047-story.html\">would sue the university\u003c/a>, alleging bias against him for his activism, race and age. Acuña’s 1972 book, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.zinnedproject.org/materials/occupied-america-history-of-chicanos\">Occupied America: A History of Chicanos\u003c/a>,” and subsequent scholarship led many to consider him a founder of Chicano studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where I met Oscar and talked to him briefly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s red-hot politics brought Oscar, me and thousands of other students to those Santa Barbara streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11919724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11919724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz.jpg\" alt=\"black and white photo of smiling students holding large banner reading 'voz fronteriza'\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1273\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz-1536x1018.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adolfo Guzman-Lopez (second from right, in vest) and other San Diego college students who collaborated on the UC San Diego Chicano student newspaper, Voz Fronteriza, attend a rally in Santa Barbara on Feb. 1, 1992. The tall man in the center is Arnulfo Casillas, a Chicano education and cultural activist in Los Angeles and Santa Barbara who had worked on Voz Fronteriza in the late 1970s. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Gene Chavira)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state’s institutions were being stretched to the limit after large numbers of people immigrated to the U.S. in the late 1980s to escape \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/latin-american-debt-crisis#:~:text=The%20spark%20for%20the%20crisis,at%20that%20point%20totaled%20%2480\">economic crisis in Mexico\u003c/a> and violent civil wars in Central America, both situations stoked by U.S. policies. Anti-immigrant groups responded with nativist proposals to take away the civil rights of immigrants. They successfully proposed ballot measures like \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/proposition-187-what-you-need-to-know\">Proposition 187\u003c/a> that targeted undocumented immigrants and their kids. (A federal judge ruled in 1997 that \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-nov-15-mn-54053-story.html\">Prop. 187 was unconstitutional\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those anti-immigrant sentiments led me, Oscar and many other Chicano students to feel like we each had a target on our backs. And that environment spilled onto campuses, too, as Agustín Orozco, my friend from UC San Diego, describes\u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/opinion/commentary/story/2022-07-07/opinion-agustin-orozco-activism?fbclid=IwAR1kOhMJRMLU5L0uLSdABE1qxNyIxZJLDV4d1B5wltj8F6De93gQORvBZwM\"> in this essay\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Our shared, yet different, backgrounds\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Oscar and I were both Chicanos but different in many ways. He was a middle-class U.S. citizen raised in the suburbs of LA County. My mother cleaned houses for a living. She and I moved to San Diego when I was 7 years old. We overstayed our tourist visas and only received the authorization to stay permanently about a decade later, when the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, most often described as amnesty, became law in my senior year of high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oscar responded to the xenophobia by joining the Chicano student organization on campus, then producing a weekly college radio show that mixed various types of music with in-studio interviews and field recordings from protests and marches he attended in different parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before this podcast, my identity as a Chicano felt stuck in the 1990s. But I’ve adopted a fuller understanding of what Chicano, Chicana, Chicanx, Latino and Latinx activism has led to. I now see how the student activism of the 1990s helped lead to the intersectional coalition building of current times, and the exploration of Indigenous philosophy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more that we could find out about these people and what they went through and, you know, even in this case, how they passed away or were killed, you know, the more we can share truth with people,” said Israel Calderon, a history teacher at Oscar’s alma mater, Baldwin Park High School, and a childhood friend of Oscar.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'Liberate your mind'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That’s one of the reasons Calderon and some of \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/luchascholar/\">Oscar’s friends and relatives created a foundation in Oscar’s name\u003c/a> to raise money and hand out scholarships to Baldwin Park area high school students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re more interested in promoting Oscar’s message to “liberate your mind” and help those who need help than they are to mythologize Oscar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11919737\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11919737\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/OscarGomezProfileCrouching.jpg\" alt=\"A black and white photo of a young man in a white shirt and black cap crouches on an empty roadway\" width=\"800\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/OscarGomezProfileCrouching.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/OscarGomezProfileCrouching-160x112.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oscar Gomez in an undated photo, circa 1992. \u003ccite>(Courtesy KCSB)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A story that aired last year on NPR reminded me to keep my reporting focused on the human experience. It was a story about then-NPR host Lulu Garcia-Navarro leaving the network. The reporter described how Garcia-Navarro had \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/publiceditor/2006/06/05/5452082/are-npr-reporters-too-involved-in-their-stories\">defended her deeply personal interviewing and reporting approaches\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As journalists we do not check our humanity at the door. What we must do is try and give an accurate representation of what is happening before us to the best of our ability, leaving aside our prejudices,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How and whether I compartmentalize my humanity in the work I do is a question this podcast has raised for me and for others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Am I doing what we had set out to? Have I compromised?” said Margarita Berta-Avila, who’s now a leader with the California Faculty Association, the union for California State University professors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said thinking of Oscar, 28 years after his death, has been an opportunity to check her ideals from her college years and ask whether she’s become jaded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have spent 21 years telling people’s stories at Southern California Public Radio. I have, to the best of my ability, tried to tell stories about people living deep moments in their lives, and of policies that would affect people in one way or another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I feel like I’ve kept a part of my humanity checked at the door at times, fearing that some kind of bias would creep in. There is no bias in connecting deeply with human experiences and letting my own humanity live in that moment, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For that insight, I have El Bandido de Aztlan, Oscar Gomez, to thank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Reporter Adolfo Guzman-Lopez first started digging into Oscar Gomez's life and death back in 2019, when UC Davis awarded Gomez a posthumous degree. Guzman-Lopez's reporting for the LAist podcast 'Imperfect Paradise: The Forgotten Revolutionary' prompted him to examine his own life, activism and journalism.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1658168954,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":2381},"headData":{"title":"I Told the Story of a Forgotten Chicano Revolutionary in a Podcast. Turns Out It Was My Story, Too | KQED","description":"Reporter Adolfo Guzman-Lopez first started digging into Oscar Gomez's life and death back in 2019, when UC Davis awarded Gomez a posthumous degree. Guzman-Lopez's reporting for the LAist podcast 'Imperfect Paradise: The Forgotten Revolutionary' prompted him to examine his own life, activism and journalism.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11919649 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11919649","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/07/15/i-told-the-story-of-a-forgotten-chicano-revolutionary-in-a-podcast-turns-out-it-was-my-story-too/","disqusTitle":"I Told the Story of a Forgotten Chicano Revolutionary in a Podcast. Turns Out It Was My Story, Too","source":"The California Report Magazine","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/californiareportmagazine","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC6907931232.mp3?updated=1657838195","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/people/adolfo-guzman-lopez\">Adolfo Guzman-Lopez\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11919649/i-told-the-story-of-a-forgotten-chicano-revolutionary-in-a-podcast-turns-out-it-was-my-story-too","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a> teamed up with LAist Studios to share an episode from the new season of their podcast “\u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/1604648881\">Imperfect Paradise: The Forgotten Revolutionary\u003c/a>.” It's the story of Oscar Gomez, a radio DJ and Chicano student leader during a time of explosive anti-immigrant political rhetoric in the early 1990s. Some people thought Gomez was going to be the next Cesar Chavez. But then he died near the UC Santa Barbara campus, under mysterious circumstances. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KPCC reporter \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/people/adolfo-guzman-lopez\">Adolfo Guzman-Lopez\u003c/a> first started digging into Gomez's life and death back in 2019, when UC Davis awarded Gomez a posthumous degree. The new podcast investigates Gomez's death and delves into his legacy — and reporting it prompted Guzman-Lopez to examine his own life, activism and journalism. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>n September of 2021, I and a team of producers set out to find answers to the mysterious death of a 1990s Chicano college activist and college radio DJ. Over the next 10 months, as we interviewed people and looked for documents, I came to the realization that three-decade-old activism fundamentally shaped my three-decade-long journalism career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s certainly not what I expected to find when I first introduced our audience to Oscar Gomez in 2019. Oscar was a scholar-athlete at Baldwin Park High School who graduated in the spring of 1990, then enrolled at UC Davis that fall. In that same year California was entering a red-hot political climate driven by a backlash against increased immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 17, 1994, four years after Oscar’s freshman year, he was found dead on a Santa Barbara beach, apparently after a fall from a bluff near the UC Santa Barbara campus. My story \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/25-years-after-his-tragic-death-oscar-gomez-gets-his-college-degree\">detailed how he was awarded a posthumous degree\u003c/a> by UC Davis 25 years after his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'I don't think we're at where we're at today without these sacrifices and activism of the folks in the '90s.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Ralph Armbruster-Sandoval, professor of Chicana and Chicano studies, UCSB","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>I could have left the story there. I could have moved on. And I was about to move on. But the people I interviewed, Oscar’s activist friends, recounted stories of how Chicano college students resisted and reacted to the state’s politics, sometimes putting their own lives on the line, and that dislodged my own memories of my own activism in those years. In the past 30 years I’ve rarely talked publicly about how I was part of the early '90s Chicano student movement, leading a student newspaper, producing a campus public affairs show and attending protests in California, some of the same protests that Oscar attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those personal connections led me to dig deeper. I spent months searching for documents and engaging in a deep process of thinking about how the activist and journalism work I did back then affects me today. I similarly dug deep into Oscar’s college activism and found overlaps between Oscar’s work and mine. The results are in the eight-episode LAist Studios podcast “\u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/podcasts/imperfectparadise\">Imperfect Paradise: The Forgotten Revolutionary\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Time traveling back to the early '90s\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Doing this work has made me feel like I’ve been living in the years 1990-1994. Judith Segura-Mora was one of the people who triggered a waterfall of memories. She was the UC Davis student who recruited Oscar to a Chicano student organization on campus in 1990. We put two and two together and I recalled having seen her speak at the National Chicano Student Conference in Albuquerque in 1992. I paid my way there to write a story for Voz Fronteriza, the Chicano newspaper at UC San Diego. It was the first out-of-town reporting assignment in my fledgling reporting career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I talked to Judith at a reception for the Gomez family a day before Oscar’s degree ceremony. She introduced me to Eddie Salas, who was DJing at the reception. He helped on Oscar’s Chicano public affairs radio show, “\u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/user-532477086\">La Onda Xicana\u003c/a>” (also known as “La Onda Chicana”), and had many late-night conversations with Oscar about a variety of musicians. Hearing Eddie’s stories about “La Onda Chicana” took me back to my own public affairs college radio show, “Radio Califas.” My show sparked an interest in the new rock bands coming out of Mexico and Latin America, an interest that would lead me to write music and concert reviews for many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11919735\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1172px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11919735\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station.jpg\" alt=\"young man behind a DJ booth wearing a leather jacket and glasses smiles into the camera as a record sits on a turntable in the foreground\" width=\"1172\" height=\"922\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station.jpg 1172w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station-800x629.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station-1020x802.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-producing-Radio-Califas-at-UCSDs-station-160x126.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1172px) 100vw, 1172px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adolfo Guzman-Lopez producing 'Radio Califas' at UCSD's station, KSDT. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Adolfo Guzman-Lopez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I found a box of cassettes of my show. I was surprised at the list of interviews: the film director Robert Rodriguez talking about his first film, the LA poet Marisela Norte, the renowned Chicana journalist Elizabeth Martínez, ethnic studies scholar George Lipsitz guest-DJing while he talked about 1960s and '70s music. And I remembered that I convinced UC San Diego ethnic studies professor Jorge Mariscal to give me and the other students working on the show academic credit for our efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The class was Lit/Writing 121 Reportage. Its four units and the A grade I earned raised my grade-point average enough to allow me to graduate from UC San Diego in 1993. Looking at the diversity of Latino arts, culture and politics on the show, I’d say our Radio Califas production team delivered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the podcast production team and I tried to find out what happened to Oscar for \"Forgotten Revolutionary,\" we heard many more stories of 1990s activism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nValentino Gutierrez, now a high school teacher in Pico Rivera, told us of going on hunger strike to expand Chicano studies while he was an undergrad at UC Santa Barbara. Margarita Berta-Avila, a fellow student and friend of Oscar’s at UC Davis, told us how strongly she felt about the Chicano movement despite not being Mexican American (her parents are from El Salvador and Peru). Other friends of Oscar’s, like Sabrina Enrique, talked of the sexism of the 1990s movement that I believed then was a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The emotional toll of activism\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>I heard former activists, including Judith, talk about the emotional toll so much activism took on her and her fellow student activists. She said her grades and mental health suffered. Mining my own feelings and looking at my academic transcript, I remembered how mine did, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don't think we're at where we're at today without these sacrifices and activism of the folks in the '90s,” said Ralph Armbruster-Sandoval, a professor of Chicana and Chicano studies at UCSB.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don't feel like they've always been properly recognized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The activism of 1990s college students survives in memories and on mostly analog platforms. These students’ newspapers, film print photographs and cassette audio recordings remain in dusty boxes in attics and garages, and in some university archives, if they’ve survived at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that contributes, Ambruster-Sandoval said, to 1990s Chicano student activism being a “lost period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11919727\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11919727\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira.jpg\" alt=\"aerial black and white photo of young activists holding signs reading 'Columbus had no green card' and 'Chicano power' and 'brown is beautiful'\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1273\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/San-Ysidro-Anti-Columbus-protest-October-10-1992-Photo-by-Gene-Chavira-1536x1018.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Activists hold signs at an anti-Columbus protest on Oct. 10, 1992, in San Ysidro. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Gene Chavira)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For about 25 years, that’s what the early 1990s college activist experience felt like to me. Every time I take out copies of the UC San Diego newspaper, Voz Fronteriza, that contain my writings, the pages seem to be more yellow and more brittle. I have cassette copies of my radio shows that need to be digitized before time erases their content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I began a mainstream journalism career in the late 1990s, I heard people in my first newsroom say journalism that came out of activism and even ethnic journalism fell into the category of “advocacy journalism.” There is some truth to that. But the comments left a chilling effect that led me to put away my college journalism experiences and lock them up in favor of a traditional “objective” approach. I was at the very beginning of a paid journalism career and I didn’t want another target on my back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to tell Oscar’s story for the podcast, I had to tell my own story as a 1990s activist because he and I moved in some of the same activist circles and attended some of the same marches, including the protest in downtown Santa Barbara to support Chicano Studies Professor Rudy Acuña on Feb. 1, 1992. Acuña had been turned down for a faculty position in Chicano studies at UC Santa Barbara the year before and \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-09-26-me-1047-story.html\">would sue the university\u003c/a>, alleging bias against him for his activism, race and age. Acuña’s 1972 book, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.zinnedproject.org/materials/occupied-america-history-of-chicanos\">Occupied America: A History of Chicanos\u003c/a>,” and subsequent scholarship led many to consider him a founder of Chicano studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where I met Oscar and talked to him briefly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s red-hot politics brought Oscar, me and thousands of other students to those Santa Barbara streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11919724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11919724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz.jpg\" alt=\"black and white photo of smiling students holding large banner reading 'voz fronteriza'\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1273\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Adolfo-Guzman-Lopez-Voz-1536x1018.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adolfo Guzman-Lopez (second from right, in vest) and other San Diego college students who collaborated on the UC San Diego Chicano student newspaper, Voz Fronteriza, attend a rally in Santa Barbara on Feb. 1, 1992. The tall man in the center is Arnulfo Casillas, a Chicano education and cultural activist in Los Angeles and Santa Barbara who had worked on Voz Fronteriza in the late 1970s. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Gene Chavira)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state’s institutions were being stretched to the limit after large numbers of people immigrated to the U.S. in the late 1980s to escape \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/latin-american-debt-crisis#:~:text=The%20spark%20for%20the%20crisis,at%20that%20point%20totaled%20%2480\">economic crisis in Mexico\u003c/a> and violent civil wars in Central America, both situations stoked by U.S. policies. Anti-immigrant groups responded with nativist proposals to take away the civil rights of immigrants. They successfully proposed ballot measures like \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/proposition-187-what-you-need-to-know\">Proposition 187\u003c/a> that targeted undocumented immigrants and their kids. (A federal judge ruled in 1997 that \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-nov-15-mn-54053-story.html\">Prop. 187 was unconstitutional\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those anti-immigrant sentiments led me, Oscar and many other Chicano students to feel like we each had a target on our backs. And that environment spilled onto campuses, too, as Agustín Orozco, my friend from UC San Diego, describes\u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/opinion/commentary/story/2022-07-07/opinion-agustin-orozco-activism?fbclid=IwAR1kOhMJRMLU5L0uLSdABE1qxNyIxZJLDV4d1B5wltj8F6De93gQORvBZwM\"> in this essay\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Our shared, yet different, backgrounds\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Oscar and I were both Chicanos but different in many ways. He was a middle-class U.S. citizen raised in the suburbs of LA County. My mother cleaned houses for a living. She and I moved to San Diego when I was 7 years old. We overstayed our tourist visas and only received the authorization to stay permanently about a decade later, when the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, most often described as amnesty, became law in my senior year of high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oscar responded to the xenophobia by joining the Chicano student organization on campus, then producing a weekly college radio show that mixed various types of music with in-studio interviews and field recordings from protests and marches he attended in different parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before this podcast, my identity as a Chicano felt stuck in the 1990s. But I’ve adopted a fuller understanding of what Chicano, Chicana, Chicanx, Latino and Latinx activism has led to. I now see how the student activism of the 1990s helped lead to the intersectional coalition building of current times, and the exploration of Indigenous philosophy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more that we could find out about these people and what they went through and, you know, even in this case, how they passed away or were killed, you know, the more we can share truth with people,” said Israel Calderon, a history teacher at Oscar’s alma mater, Baldwin Park High School, and a childhood friend of Oscar.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'Liberate your mind'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That’s one of the reasons Calderon and some of \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/luchascholar/\">Oscar’s friends and relatives created a foundation in Oscar’s name\u003c/a> to raise money and hand out scholarships to Baldwin Park area high school students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re more interested in promoting Oscar’s message to “liberate your mind” and help those who need help than they are to mythologize Oscar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11919737\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11919737\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/OscarGomezProfileCrouching.jpg\" alt=\"A black and white photo of a young man in a white shirt and black cap crouches on an empty roadway\" width=\"800\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/OscarGomezProfileCrouching.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/OscarGomezProfileCrouching-160x112.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oscar Gomez in an undated photo, circa 1992. \u003ccite>(Courtesy KCSB)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A story that aired last year on NPR reminded me to keep my reporting focused on the human experience. It was a story about then-NPR host Lulu Garcia-Navarro leaving the network. The reporter described how Garcia-Navarro had \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/publiceditor/2006/06/05/5452082/are-npr-reporters-too-involved-in-their-stories\">defended her deeply personal interviewing and reporting approaches\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As journalists we do not check our humanity at the door. What we must do is try and give an accurate representation of what is happening before us to the best of our ability, leaving aside our prejudices,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How and whether I compartmentalize my humanity in the work I do is a question this podcast has raised for me and for others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Am I doing what we had set out to? Have I compromised?” said Margarita Berta-Avila, who’s now a leader with the California Faculty Association, the union for California State University professors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said thinking of Oscar, 28 years after his death, has been an opportunity to check her ideals from her college years and ask whether she’s become jaded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have spent 21 years telling people’s stories at Southern California Public Radio. I have, to the best of my ability, tried to tell stories about people living deep moments in their lives, and of policies that would affect people in one way or another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I feel like I’ve kept a part of my humanity checked at the door at times, fearing that some kind of bias would creep in. There is no bias in connecting deeply with human experiences and letting my own humanity live in that moment, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For that insight, I have El Bandido de Aztlan, Oscar Gomez, to thank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11919649/i-told-the-story-of-a-forgotten-chicano-revolutionary-in-a-podcast-turns-out-it-was-my-story-too","authors":["byline_news_11919649"],"programs":["news_72","news_26731"],"categories":["news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_21077","news_18538","news_20397","news_20135","news_29773","news_31330","news_27626","news_160","news_20605","news_18142","news_25409","news_31329","news_31332","news_697","news_6375"],"affiliates":["news_7055","news_24117"],"featImg":"news_11919713","label":"source_news_11919649"},"news_11894597":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11894597","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11894597","score":null,"sort":[1636149085000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-are-you-artist-kip-fulbeck-gives-mixed-race-people-a-chance-to-answer-in-their-own-words","title":"'What Are You?' Artist Kip Fulbeck Gives Mixed-Race People a Chance to Answer in Their Own Words","publishDate":1636149085,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report Magazine | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":26731,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/mixed-race\">\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">This post is part of a \u003c/i>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">series of stories\u003c/i>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\"> featured on this week's episode of The California Report Magazine about the experience of being mixed race.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What are you?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"More From the California Report's 'Mixed' Series\" postID=\"news_11894632,news_11894797\"]It’s a question that artist \u003ca href=\"https://kipfulbeck.com/\">Kip Fulbeck\u003c/a> has heard since childhood. He’s not alone: Most mixed-race people get asked that question all the time. The answer can be complicated, and for multiracial folks who straddle many identities, just being asked the question can feel isolating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, as Fulbeck has explored throughout his career, it can also feel invigorating and rich to belong to multiple communities, and to celebrate that complexity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than two decades, Fulbeck, a filmmaker and a professor of art at UC Santa Barbara, has traveled around the country to photograph other mixed-race people and let them answer the question “What are you?” in their own words. His two most famous exhibits, \"\u003ca href=\"https://hapa.me/\">The Hapa Project\u003c/a>\" and \"Mixed: Portraits of Multiracial Kids,\" both were both featured exhibitions at the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3_WmP5zEPI&t=2s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hapa Project featured hundreds of identically composed portraits, all shot from the collarbone up, of mixed-race people. Accompanying captions, written in the photo subjects’ own handwriting, featured answers to the question “What are you?” in their own words. Fifteen years later, he followed up and photographed 130 of those participants, to show not only their physical changes over time, but also their differences in perspective and outlook on a rapidly changing world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fulbeck also published a book, “\u003ca href=\"https://janmstore.com/products/hapa-me-catalog\">hapa.me\u003c/a>,” to capture these responses. His book “Mixed: Portraits of Multiracial Kids,” featured a forward by Barack Obama’s sister, Maya Soetero-Ng, and an afterward by Cher, known for her famous song “Half-Breed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894610\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11894610 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"Two portraits, side-by-side, of a shirtless man from the collarbone up. The man describes his ethnicity as Black and Japanese. On the left, his hair is black, and his face is bare. On the right, 15 years later, his hair is streaked with white and he sports a salt-and-pepper goatee. \" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-800x576.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-1020x735.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-1536x1107.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-1920x1383.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3.jpg 1950w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Selections from Kip Fulbeck's \"The Hapa Project,\" which has exhibited at the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kip Fulbeck)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fulbeck sat down with The California Report Magazine to reflect on his work as part of our project probing the mixed-race experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that growing up with a Chinese mom and white American dad, he often felt out of place. At home, he was the only one of his siblings who was mixed race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I grew up in a very Chinese household where Cantonese was spoken. And we spent every weekend in Chinatown, in LA,” he said. “I grew up as the ... ‘white kid.’ I didn't speak [the] language, didn't like the food, didn't get the culture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894750\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11894750 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"A man who describes himself as mixed race poses for a studio-style photo against a light gray background. He's got shoulder-length black hair and is smiling wide, in a blue collared shirt with his arms crossed, holding a microphone. He has "sleeve" tattoos visible because his shirt cuffs are rolled up just a bit. He holds a microphone in one hand.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photographer and filmmaker Kip Fulbeck. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kip Fulbeck)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And then in school, Fulbeck said, “I was the only Asian kid. And so I had no real cultural footing.” He remembers being bullied for being Chinese, when the Chinese community didn’t seem to accept him either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That created a sense of isolation, and for Fulbeck, not even his family could relate to his experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you're mixed, your parents don't get to tell you what it was like. They don't get to say, ‘When I was a kid, it was like this,’ because they don't know,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fulbeck said he struggled as a kid whenever he was asked to fill out a form detailing his race. Back then, those forms didn’t let you choose more than one racial background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get that questionnaire, the ‘check one box,’ which is ridiculous,” said Fulbeck. “[For] a 7-year-old to have to pick Mom or Dad is not a fair question. I remember being a little kid thinking like, ‘Well, do I love my dad today or my mom?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That isolation helped spark his portrait series, “The Hapa Project,” where Fulbeck photographed mixed-race people and let them define who they are with a handwritten caption authored by each photo subject. Hapa is a Hawaiian word for “part.” It’s used in Hawaii to describe people who are part Asian or Pacific Islander, though since Fulbeck first debuted his project in 2001, there’s been heated debate over whether the term should be used more generally to define mixed-race people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894608\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11894608 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"Two portraits of the same shirtless woman taken from the collarbone up. On the left, her hair is long and black, reaching past her shoulders. On the right, 15 years later, her hair is shorter and just below her ears. Her hair is wavy in both. \" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-800x576.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-1020x735.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-1536x1107.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-1920x1383.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5.jpg 1950w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Each participant in \"The Hapa Project\" could write a caption about themselves in their own handwriting, in response to the question \"What are you?\" Artist Kip Fulbeck revisited those same subjects 15 years later for an update on how their perspectives on their identities had changed. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kip Fulbeck)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Traveling around the U.S. for The Hapa Project, Fulbeck found that mixed-race people were eager to write their own stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one gets to tell you who you are,” Fulbeck said. “And people, if you don't define yourself, people define you and they don't do a good job of it and it doesn't really work. So I always say it's kind of your responsibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years Fulbeck has undertaken this work, mixed-race people — and the idea of mixed-race identity — have become more visible in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, Kamala Harris became the first Black person and first Asian American to be sworn in as vice president. And according to data from the latest U.S. Census, California saw a 217.3% increase in people who identify with two or more races from 2010 to 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as a kid in the 1970s, Fulbeck had to turn to fictional characters to see himself reflected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The funny one that sticks out to me as a child was 'Star Trek,' the original series,” said Fulbeck. “They always took Spock and would say, ‘Are you human or Vulcan?’\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/02/27/389589676/leonard-nimoys-advice-to-a-biracial-girl-in-1968#:~:text=In%20a%20letter%20addressed%20to,the%20girl%20named%20F.C.%20wrote.\"> and he would say, ‘I’m both.’\u003c/a> I remember being a kid going, ‘I get that.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-11894606 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"Two portraits of a shirtless woman from her collarbone up. On the left she sports frizzy dark brown hair that has volume. In the right photo, taken 15 years later, her hair is white and close-cropped. She's smiling in both photos.\" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-800x576.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-1020x735.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-1536x1107.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-1920x1383.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1.jpg 1950w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fulbeck said mixed-race people are often left out of — or not fully let into — their own communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are defining you according to this boundary, that you have to be ‘this much’ this,” said Fulbeck. “You have to speak this language. You have to take off your shoes, whatever it is. It's like if you're going to go off those definitions, then you're going to be in a world of hurt. You have to find your own way to define yourself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[hearken id=\"7528\" src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/7528.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Perceptions of mixed-race people have changed over the years, which Fulbeck explores in his decade-spanning work.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1636154590,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1126},"headData":{"title":"'What Are You?' Artist Kip Fulbeck Gives Mixed-Race People a Chance to Answer in Their Own Words | KQED","description":"Perceptions of mixed-race people have changed over the years, which Fulbeck explores in his decade-spanning work.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11894597 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11894597","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/11/05/what-are-you-artist-kip-fulbeck-gives-mixed-race-people-a-chance-to-answer-in-their-own-words/","disqusTitle":"'What Are You?' Artist Kip Fulbeck Gives Mixed-Race People a Chance to Answer in Their Own Words","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/04b4fc2a-cc58-45f3-b538-add60171dbbb/audio.mp3","nprByline":"Marisa Lagos and Sasha Khokha ","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11894597/what-are-you-artist-kip-fulbeck-gives-mixed-race-people-a-chance-to-answer-in-their-own-words","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/mixed-race\">\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">This post is part of a \u003c/i>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">series of stories\u003c/i>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\"> featured on this week's episode of The California Report Magazine about the experience of being mixed race.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What are you?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More From the California Report's 'Mixed' Series ","postid":"news_11894632,news_11894797"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>It’s a question that artist \u003ca href=\"https://kipfulbeck.com/\">Kip Fulbeck\u003c/a> has heard since childhood. He’s not alone: Most mixed-race people get asked that question all the time. The answer can be complicated, and for multiracial folks who straddle many identities, just being asked the question can feel isolating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, as Fulbeck has explored throughout his career, it can also feel invigorating and rich to belong to multiple communities, and to celebrate that complexity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than two decades, Fulbeck, a filmmaker and a professor of art at UC Santa Barbara, has traveled around the country to photograph other mixed-race people and let them answer the question “What are you?” in their own words. His two most famous exhibits, \"\u003ca href=\"https://hapa.me/\">The Hapa Project\u003c/a>\" and \"Mixed: Portraits of Multiracial Kids,\" both were both featured exhibitions at the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/K3_WmP5zEPI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/K3_WmP5zEPI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The Hapa Project featured hundreds of identically composed portraits, all shot from the collarbone up, of mixed-race people. Accompanying captions, written in the photo subjects’ own handwriting, featured answers to the question “What are you?” in their own words. Fifteen years later, he followed up and photographed 130 of those participants, to show not only their physical changes over time, but also their differences in perspective and outlook on a rapidly changing world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fulbeck also published a book, “\u003ca href=\"https://janmstore.com/products/hapa-me-catalog\">hapa.me\u003c/a>,” to capture these responses. His book “Mixed: Portraits of Multiracial Kids,” featured a forward by Barack Obama’s sister, Maya Soetero-Ng, and an afterward by Cher, known for her famous song “Half-Breed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894610\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11894610 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"Two portraits, side-by-side, of a shirtless man from the collarbone up. The man describes his ethnicity as Black and Japanese. On the left, his hair is black, and his face is bare. On the right, 15 years later, his hair is streaked with white and he sports a salt-and-pepper goatee. \" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-800x576.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-1020x735.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-1536x1107.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-1920x1383.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3.jpg 1950w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Selections from Kip Fulbeck's \"The Hapa Project,\" which has exhibited at the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kip Fulbeck)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fulbeck sat down with The California Report Magazine to reflect on his work as part of our project probing the mixed-race experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that growing up with a Chinese mom and white American dad, he often felt out of place. At home, he was the only one of his siblings who was mixed race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I grew up in a very Chinese household where Cantonese was spoken. And we spent every weekend in Chinatown, in LA,” he said. “I grew up as the ... ‘white kid.’ I didn't speak [the] language, didn't like the food, didn't get the culture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894750\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11894750 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"A man who describes himself as mixed race poses for a studio-style photo against a light gray background. He's got shoulder-length black hair and is smiling wide, in a blue collared shirt with his arms crossed, holding a microphone. He has "sleeve" tattoos visible because his shirt cuffs are rolled up just a bit. He holds a microphone in one hand.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photographer and filmmaker Kip Fulbeck. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kip Fulbeck)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And then in school, Fulbeck said, “I was the only Asian kid. And so I had no real cultural footing.” He remembers being bullied for being Chinese, when the Chinese community didn’t seem to accept him either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That created a sense of isolation, and for Fulbeck, not even his family could relate to his experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you're mixed, your parents don't get to tell you what it was like. They don't get to say, ‘When I was a kid, it was like this,’ because they don't know,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fulbeck said he struggled as a kid whenever he was asked to fill out a form detailing his race. Back then, those forms didn’t let you choose more than one racial background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get that questionnaire, the ‘check one box,’ which is ridiculous,” said Fulbeck. “[For] a 7-year-old to have to pick Mom or Dad is not a fair question. I remember being a little kid thinking like, ‘Well, do I love my dad today or my mom?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That isolation helped spark his portrait series, “The Hapa Project,” where Fulbeck photographed mixed-race people and let them define who they are with a handwritten caption authored by each photo subject. Hapa is a Hawaiian word for “part.” It’s used in Hawaii to describe people who are part Asian or Pacific Islander, though since Fulbeck first debuted his project in 2001, there’s been heated debate over whether the term should be used more generally to define mixed-race people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894608\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11894608 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"Two portraits of the same shirtless woman taken from the collarbone up. On the left, her hair is long and black, reaching past her shoulders. On the right, 15 years later, her hair is shorter and just below her ears. Her hair is wavy in both. \" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-800x576.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-1020x735.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-1536x1107.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-1920x1383.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5.jpg 1950w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Each participant in \"The Hapa Project\" could write a caption about themselves in their own handwriting, in response to the question \"What are you?\" Artist Kip Fulbeck revisited those same subjects 15 years later for an update on how their perspectives on their identities had changed. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kip Fulbeck)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Traveling around the U.S. for The Hapa Project, Fulbeck found that mixed-race people were eager to write their own stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one gets to tell you who you are,” Fulbeck said. “And people, if you don't define yourself, people define you and they don't do a good job of it and it doesn't really work. So I always say it's kind of your responsibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years Fulbeck has undertaken this work, mixed-race people — and the idea of mixed-race identity — have become more visible in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, Kamala Harris became the first Black person and first Asian American to be sworn in as vice president. And according to data from the latest U.S. Census, California saw a 217.3% increase in people who identify with two or more races from 2010 to 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as a kid in the 1970s, Fulbeck had to turn to fictional characters to see himself reflected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The funny one that sticks out to me as a child was 'Star Trek,' the original series,” said Fulbeck. “They always took Spock and would say, ‘Are you human or Vulcan?’\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/02/27/389589676/leonard-nimoys-advice-to-a-biracial-girl-in-1968#:~:text=In%20a%20letter%20addressed%20to,the%20girl%20named%20F.C.%20wrote.\"> and he would say, ‘I’m both.’\u003c/a> I remember being a kid going, ‘I get that.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-11894606 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"Two portraits of a shirtless woman from her collarbone up. On the left she sports frizzy dark brown hair that has volume. In the right photo, taken 15 years later, her hair is white and close-cropped. She's smiling in both photos.\" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-800x576.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-1020x735.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-1536x1107.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-1920x1383.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1.jpg 1950w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fulbeck said mixed-race people are often left out of — or not fully let into — their own communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are defining you according to this boundary, that you have to be ‘this much’ this,” said Fulbeck. “You have to speak this language. You have to take off your shoes, whatever it is. It's like if you're going to go off those definitions, then you're going to be in a world of hurt. You have to find your own way to define yourself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"hearken","attributes":{"named":{"id":"7528","src":"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/7528.js","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11894597/what-are-you-artist-kip-fulbeck-gives-mixed-race-people-a-chance-to-answer-in-their-own-words","authors":["byline_news_11894597"],"programs":["news_72","news_26731"],"categories":["news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_482","news_29069","news_28094","news_30176","news_30175","news_28093","news_2672","news_20219","news_6375"],"featImg":"news_11894603","label":"news_26731"},"news_11636784":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11636784","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11636784","score":null,"sort":[1513381680000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-needs-to-rethink-urban-fire-risk-starting-with-where-it-builds-houses","title":"California Needs to Rethink Urban Fire Risk, Starting With Where It Builds Houses","publishDate":1513381680,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/max-moritz-416859\">Max Moritz\u003c/a> is a cooperative extension specialist in wildland fire for the \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-santa-barbara-1350\">University of California, Santa Barbara\u003c/a>. He has received funding from federal (e.g., NSF, USFS) and California state (e.g., CEC, Cal Fire) sources.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires raging across Southern California are causing evacuations of many communities and have destroyed hundreds of structures this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fires follow the wind-driven Tubbs Fire earlier this fall that blasted through densely urbanized neighborhoods in Northern California, causing dozens of fatalities and thousands of home losses. Stories from both fires of how fast the fire spread and how little time people had to evacuate are stunning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With widespread damage to structures, these fires highlight the importance of where and how we build our communities and, in particular, how land use planning and better building codes can reduce our exposure to such events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite how unusual the devastation appears in portions of these fires, we need to recognize that these structure-to-structure “urban conflagrations” have happened in the past and will happen again. Yet these fires revealed that we have key gaps in our policy and planning related to assessing risk in fire-prone environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"LcSgHwyUrSgeHuT37gDzJJpkuOIgs9wn\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is increasingly clear to fire researchers \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/?facultyid=1595\">like me\u003c/a> is that losses on the human side are often driven by where and how we build our communities. This means we must \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanscientist.org/article/coexisting-with-wildfire\">learn to coexist with fire\u003c/a>, if we are going to inhabit fire-prone landscapes, just as we adapt to other natural hazards. An essential step is to shift our perspective from a focus on hazard to one that more comprehensively includes human vulnerabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Mapping Risk\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California is leading the way in mapping the danger that wildfires pose to human communities and, in particular, linking building codes to fire severities that may be expected in a given location. The state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/fire_prevention/fire_prevention_wildland\">Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps\u003c/a> are an essential step in recognizing fire as an inevitable process that must be accommodated, similar to how we plan for floods, landslides, earthquakes and hurricanes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is missing from these maps, however, is extreme weather patterns. The \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009GL041735/full\">Santa Ana winds\u003c/a> of Southern California are a notable example. Strong, hot and dry wind episodes are associated with nearly all of our largest and most destructive wildfires, including the \u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/calistogan/news/local/tubbs-fire-reminds-locals-of-hanley-fire-of/article_dce8464f-1557-5956-a508-04fffe8d7043.html\">1964 Hanley Fire in Northern California\u003c/a> that burned an almost identical footprint to the Tubbs Fire, yet relatively little is currently known about how often they occur across a landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637419\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637419\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-800x1066.jpg\" alt=\"Updating maps on fire risk should inform urban development. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1066\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-800x1066.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-520x693.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Updating maps on fire risk should inform urban development. \u003ccite>(Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>New methods are becoming available for mapping and modeling winds, and future versions of the Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps will therefore include such weather conditions. Similar maps are also needed for fire-prone areas outside California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite technical advances, a key problem with most mapped approaches to fire danger is that the focus is almost exclusively on characterizing the hazard – flame lengths, rates of spread or fire intensities of an oncoming wildfire – and much less on the vulnerabilities of what is actually exposed. The “\u003ca href=\"http://silvis.forest.wisc.edu/maps/wui\">wildland-urban interface\u003c/a>,” where developed lands are exposed to natural, flammable areas, is thus often mapped and assumed to be where the exposure ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly this is not always the case. Analogous to when a levee fails, after a wildfire manages to ignite homes along the wildland-urban interface, many homes farther inside the neighborhood can quickly become exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the building codes in place during their construction, these newly exposed structures may or may not be very fire-resistant. Their vulnerability to ignition can also be especially high if they are spaced close together and the winds are strong, because that is when fire spread transitions to a structure-to-structure domino effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Better fire risk mapping means we should be able to refine our notion and approach to assessing vulnerability.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reducing Human Exposure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are numerous reports of how difficult and deadly it was \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/10/09/santa-rosa-fire-how-a-sudden-firestorm-obliterated-a-city/\">to evacuate during the Tubbs Fire\u003c/a>. Apparently many people had almost no warning at all. This highlights the importance of both evacuation planning and evacuation communication systems, as getting out in time is what Americans tend to rely on in wildfire situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although evacuation preparedness is nearly always mentioned in \u003ca href=\"http://www.firewise.org/usa-recognition-program/cwpps.aspx\">Community Wildfire Protection Plans\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.readyforwildfire.org/Go-Evacuation-Guide/\">standard guidance for homeowners\u003c/a>, the overriding message is typically to “leave early” whenever possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While absolutely correct, this advice minimizes the importance of pre-fire evacuation planning and the short time there may be to get out. It takes quite a bit of thought and effort to anticipate being in such a crisis situation!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637443\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637443\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-800x495.jpg\" alt=\"A man bicycles past bluffs burned in the Thomas Fire on December 7, 2017 in La Conchita.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-800x495.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-160x99.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-1020x631.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-1180x730.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-960x594.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-240x149.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-375x232.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-520x322.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man bicycles past bluffs burned in the Thomas Fire on Dec. 7, 2017 in La Conchita. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What should one take, and where might one actually go?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On short notice, how does one account for pets, children or the elderly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is there a place one should retreat to, if evacuation orders are received too late or not at all?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This last question may be the one that gets the least attention, and the many fatalities in the Tubbs Fire suggest that it requires much deeper consideration. Firefighters are often given \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/wfstar/downloads/safety_essays/Alexander_VICFFR_keynote_address.pdf\">specific training\u003c/a> about what to do with limited evacuation options. For homeowners, however, \u003ca href=\"http://www.readyforwildfire.org/What-To-Do-If-Trapped/\">guidance can be sparse\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it is too late and too dangerous to evacuate safely, fallback options must be considered and communicated ahead of time. In an urban conflagration situation, local details dictate whether “\u003ca href=\"http://firesafemendocino.org/creating-a-safety-zone-for-use-in-a-wildfire-emergency/\">safety zones\u003c/a>” actually exist as places to take refuge. Given the real potential for such disasters, many communities should consider identifying (or building) key “hardened” structures to act as local-scale refuges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing human exposure involves more attention to what people must do during a wildfire, or even the rare urban conflagration. Safe evacuation deserves as much emphasis as reduction of fuels, such as creating defensible space around homes or larger-scale fuel breaks by thinning vegetation around communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Safer Built Environment\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>From the scale of individual home construction up to the location and arrangement of development on a landscape, our communities should be better able to survive the natural hazards that occur there. This requires both short- and long-term strategies for achieving a safer built environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a starting point, we must acknowledge that we currently have tens of thousands – possibly even hundreds of thousands – of homes constructed according to building codes that leave these structures vulnerable to ignition. Amazingly, however, there are very few \u003ca href=\"http://thinisin.org/index.php/structural-ignitability/replacing-wood-roofs\">examples of grant programs\u003c/a> to mitigate such vulnerabilities through retrofit programs to, for instance, replace wood shake shingle roofs or to upgrade attic and crawl space vents to block embers from entering homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, there are millions of dollars in public funds spent annually on community-scale fuel reduction projects. These are common activities pursued by \u003ca href=\"http://www.cafiresafecouncil.org/\">Fire Safe Councils\u003c/a> in California and similar organizations in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same level of support should be available for mitigation of fire-related structure vulnerabilities as there is for hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the long term, land use planning is probably the most effective tool available for creating safer communities. We must be more deliberate about how we develop on fire-prone landscapes, taking advantage of emerging hazard-mapping techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637034\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-800x507.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view shows the devastation of the Coffey Park neighborhood after the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa.\" width=\"800\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-800x507.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-160x101.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-1020x646.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-1180x747.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-960x608.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-240x152.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-375x238.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-520x329.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows the devastation of the Coffey Park neighborhood after the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Courtesy California National Guard)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The goal here is not necessarily to build fewer homes, but to design and site developments that avoid the highest hazard regions and concentrate development in the lowest hazard areas. This logic applies, to varying degrees, to constraining development with respect to other natural hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite an aversion by some to land use planning, this strategy is simply common sense. It will also save lives and massive amounts of public resources over the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where we do choose to develop and inhabit hazard-prone environments, it may be necessary to design communities with “\u003ca href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/op-ed/passive-survivability\">passive survivability\u003c/a>” in mind, or the ability to withstand the event and have water and power for a few days. This provides both the built environment and the people within some basic protection for a limited time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strategies exist to lower the risk of fire in the current housing stock and to more carefully design and site future development where wildfires are possible. With increasing \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/wildfires-in-west-have-gotten-bigger-more-frequent-and-longer-since-the-1980s-42993\">extremes expected\u003c/a> as climate continues to change, \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/why-hurricanes-harvey-and-irma-wont-lead-to-action-on-climate-change-83770\">officially recognizing this link\u003c/a> and creating a safer built environment will only become more urgent.\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/88825/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/california-needs-to-rethink-urban-fire-risk-starting-with-where-it-builds-houses-88825\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED and The Conversation are partners in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Dream project\u003c/a>, a collaboration looking at the Golden State’s promise, whether we are achieving it, and the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"This fall’s massive, deadly California fires reveal key gaps in policy and planning related to assessing risk in fire-prone environments, says fire expert Max Moritz.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1513385982,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1465},"headData":{"title":"California Needs to Rethink Urban Fire Risk, Starting With Where It Builds Houses | KQED","description":"This fall’s massive, deadly California fires reveal key gaps in policy and planning related to assessing risk in fire-prone environments, says fire expert Max Moritz.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11636784 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11636784","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/15/california-needs-to-rethink-urban-fire-risk-starting-with-where-it-builds-houses/","disqusTitle":"California Needs to Rethink Urban Fire Risk, Starting With Where It Builds Houses","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/max-moritz-416859\">Max Moritz\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr/>University of California, Santa Barbara for \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>","path":"/news/11636784/california-needs-to-rethink-urban-fire-risk-starting-with-where-it-builds-houses","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/max-moritz-416859\">Max Moritz\u003c/a> is a cooperative extension specialist in wildland fire for the \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-santa-barbara-1350\">University of California, Santa Barbara\u003c/a>. He has received funding from federal (e.g., NSF, USFS) and California state (e.g., CEC, Cal Fire) sources.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires raging across Southern California are causing evacuations of many communities and have destroyed hundreds of structures this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fires follow the wind-driven Tubbs Fire earlier this fall that blasted through densely urbanized neighborhoods in Northern California, causing dozens of fatalities and thousands of home losses. Stories from both fires of how fast the fire spread and how little time people had to evacuate are stunning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With widespread damage to structures, these fires highlight the importance of where and how we build our communities and, in particular, how land use planning and better building codes can reduce our exposure to such events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite how unusual the devastation appears in portions of these fires, we need to recognize that these structure-to-structure “urban conflagrations” have happened in the past and will happen again. Yet these fires revealed that we have key gaps in our policy and planning related to assessing risk in fire-prone environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is increasingly clear to fire researchers \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/?facultyid=1595\">like me\u003c/a> is that losses on the human side are often driven by where and how we build our communities. This means we must \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanscientist.org/article/coexisting-with-wildfire\">learn to coexist with fire\u003c/a>, if we are going to inhabit fire-prone landscapes, just as we adapt to other natural hazards. An essential step is to shift our perspective from a focus on hazard to one that more comprehensively includes human vulnerabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Mapping Risk\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California is leading the way in mapping the danger that wildfires pose to human communities and, in particular, linking building codes to fire severities that may be expected in a given location. The state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/fire_prevention/fire_prevention_wildland\">Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps\u003c/a> are an essential step in recognizing fire as an inevitable process that must be accommodated, similar to how we plan for floods, landslides, earthquakes and hurricanes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is missing from these maps, however, is extreme weather patterns. The \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009GL041735/full\">Santa Ana winds\u003c/a> of Southern California are a notable example. Strong, hot and dry wind episodes are associated with nearly all of our largest and most destructive wildfires, including the \u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/calistogan/news/local/tubbs-fire-reminds-locals-of-hanley-fire-of/article_dce8464f-1557-5956-a508-04fffe8d7043.html\">1964 Hanley Fire in Northern California\u003c/a> that burned an almost identical footprint to the Tubbs Fire, yet relatively little is currently known about how often they occur across a landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637419\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637419\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-800x1066.jpg\" alt=\"Updating maps on fire risk should inform urban development. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1066\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-800x1066.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b-520x693.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/file-20171022-13963-rljy8b.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Updating maps on fire risk should inform urban development. \u003ccite>(Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>New methods are becoming available for mapping and modeling winds, and future versions of the Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps will therefore include such weather conditions. Similar maps are also needed for fire-prone areas outside California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite technical advances, a key problem with most mapped approaches to fire danger is that the focus is almost exclusively on characterizing the hazard – flame lengths, rates of spread or fire intensities of an oncoming wildfire – and much less on the vulnerabilities of what is actually exposed. The “\u003ca href=\"http://silvis.forest.wisc.edu/maps/wui\">wildland-urban interface\u003c/a>,” where developed lands are exposed to natural, flammable areas, is thus often mapped and assumed to be where the exposure ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly this is not always the case. Analogous to when a levee fails, after a wildfire manages to ignite homes along the wildland-urban interface, many homes farther inside the neighborhood can quickly become exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the building codes in place during their construction, these newly exposed structures may or may not be very fire-resistant. Their vulnerability to ignition can also be especially high if they are spaced close together and the winds are strong, because that is when fire spread transitions to a structure-to-structure domino effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Better fire risk mapping means we should be able to refine our notion and approach to assessing vulnerability.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reducing Human Exposure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are numerous reports of how difficult and deadly it was \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/10/09/santa-rosa-fire-how-a-sudden-firestorm-obliterated-a-city/\">to evacuate during the Tubbs Fire\u003c/a>. Apparently many people had almost no warning at all. This highlights the importance of both evacuation planning and evacuation communication systems, as getting out in time is what Americans tend to rely on in wildfire situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although evacuation preparedness is nearly always mentioned in \u003ca href=\"http://www.firewise.org/usa-recognition-program/cwpps.aspx\">Community Wildfire Protection Plans\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.readyforwildfire.org/Go-Evacuation-Guide/\">standard guidance for homeowners\u003c/a>, the overriding message is typically to “leave early” whenever possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While absolutely correct, this advice minimizes the importance of pre-fire evacuation planning and the short time there may be to get out. It takes quite a bit of thought and effort to anticipate being in such a crisis situation!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637443\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637443\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-800x495.jpg\" alt=\"A man bicycles past bluffs burned in the Thomas Fire on December 7, 2017 in La Conchita.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-800x495.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-160x99.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-1020x631.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-1180x730.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-960x594.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-240x149.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-375x232.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/FireCyclist-520x322.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man bicycles past bluffs burned in the Thomas Fire on Dec. 7, 2017 in La Conchita. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What should one take, and where might one actually go?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On short notice, how does one account for pets, children or the elderly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is there a place one should retreat to, if evacuation orders are received too late or not at all?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This last question may be the one that gets the least attention, and the many fatalities in the Tubbs Fire suggest that it requires much deeper consideration. Firefighters are often given \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/wfstar/downloads/safety_essays/Alexander_VICFFR_keynote_address.pdf\">specific training\u003c/a> about what to do with limited evacuation options. For homeowners, however, \u003ca href=\"http://www.readyforwildfire.org/What-To-Do-If-Trapped/\">guidance can be sparse\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it is too late and too dangerous to evacuate safely, fallback options must be considered and communicated ahead of time. In an urban conflagration situation, local details dictate whether “\u003ca href=\"http://firesafemendocino.org/creating-a-safety-zone-for-use-in-a-wildfire-emergency/\">safety zones\u003c/a>” actually exist as places to take refuge. Given the real potential for such disasters, many communities should consider identifying (or building) key “hardened” structures to act as local-scale refuges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing human exposure involves more attention to what people must do during a wildfire, or even the rare urban conflagration. Safe evacuation deserves as much emphasis as reduction of fuels, such as creating defensible space around homes or larger-scale fuel breaks by thinning vegetation around communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Safer Built Environment\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>From the scale of individual home construction up to the location and arrangement of development on a landscape, our communities should be better able to survive the natural hazards that occur there. This requires both short- and long-term strategies for achieving a safer built environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a starting point, we must acknowledge that we currently have tens of thousands – possibly even hundreds of thousands – of homes constructed according to building codes that leave these structures vulnerable to ignition. Amazingly, however, there are very few \u003ca href=\"http://thinisin.org/index.php/structural-ignitability/replacing-wood-roofs\">examples of grant programs\u003c/a> to mitigate such vulnerabilities through retrofit programs to, for instance, replace wood shake shingle roofs or to upgrade attic and crawl space vents to block embers from entering homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, there are millions of dollars in public funds spent annually on community-scale fuel reduction projects. These are common activities pursued by \u003ca href=\"http://www.cafiresafecouncil.org/\">Fire Safe Councils\u003c/a> in California and similar organizations in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same level of support should be available for mitigation of fire-related structure vulnerabilities as there is for hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the long term, land use planning is probably the most effective tool available for creating safer communities. We must be more deliberate about how we develop on fire-prone landscapes, taking advantage of emerging hazard-mapping techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11637034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11637034\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-800x507.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view shows the devastation of the Coffey Park neighborhood after the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa.\" width=\"800\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-800x507.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-160x101.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-1020x646.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-1180x747.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-960x608.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-240x152.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-375x238.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/CoffeyPark-520x329.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows the devastation of the Coffey Park neighborhood after the Tubbs Fire swept through Santa Rosa. \u003ccite>(Courtesy California National Guard)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The goal here is not necessarily to build fewer homes, but to design and site developments that avoid the highest hazard regions and concentrate development in the lowest hazard areas. This logic applies, to varying degrees, to constraining development with respect to other natural hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite an aversion by some to land use planning, this strategy is simply common sense. It will also save lives and massive amounts of public resources over the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where we do choose to develop and inhabit hazard-prone environments, it may be necessary to design communities with “\u003ca href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/op-ed/passive-survivability\">passive survivability\u003c/a>” in mind, or the ability to withstand the event and have water and power for a few days. This provides both the built environment and the people within some basic protection for a limited time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strategies exist to lower the risk of fire in the current housing stock and to more carefully design and site future development where wildfires are possible. With increasing \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/wildfires-in-west-have-gotten-bigger-more-frequent-and-longer-since-the-1980s-42993\">extremes expected\u003c/a> as climate continues to change, \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/why-hurricanes-harvey-and-irma-wont-lead-to-action-on-climate-change-83770\">officially recognizing this link\u003c/a> and creating a safer built environment will only become more urgent.\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/88825/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/california-needs-to-rethink-urban-fire-risk-starting-with-where-it-builds-houses-88825\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED and The Conversation are partners in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Dream project\u003c/a>, a collaboration looking at the Golden State’s promise, whether we are achieving it, and the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11636784/california-needs-to-rethink-urban-fire-risk-starting-with-where-it-builds-houses","authors":["byline_news_11636784"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_6266","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_17286","news_6375","news_4463"],"featImg":"news_11636790","label":"news_72"},"news_137107":{"type":"posts","id":"news_137107","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"137107","score":null,"sort":[1401137840000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"amid-multiple-warning-signs-alleged-isla-vista-killer-slipped-through-system","title":"Amid Warning Signs, Isla Vista Killer Slipped Through System","publishDate":1401137840,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_137156\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/05/islavistavigil-640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-137156 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/05/islavistavigil-640.jpg\" alt=\"A student lights a candle at a memorial for one of the victims of Elliot Rodger during a series of attacks near the UC Santa Barbara campus. (Robyn Beck/AFP-Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student lights a candle at a memorial for one of the victims of Elliot Rodger during a series of attacks near the UC Santa Barbara campus. (Robyn Beck/AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amid the horrific accounts of the Isla Vista mass murders and the ugly misogynistic resentments expressed by alleged killer Elliot Rodger, one of the startling facts to emerge in the incident is that Santa Barbara sheriff's deputies met with Rodger on April 30 to determine if he posed a threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers checked on Rodger at his apartment \"at the request of state mental health officials, acting on an expression of concern by his mother,\" says the New York Times. \"They left after a calm and polite Mr. Rodger assured them that there was nothing to worry about. The officers reported that Mr. Rodger was shy and had told them that he was having difficulties in his social life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The encounter with the deputies is described by Rodger in the 134-page autobiographical \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/05/25/us/shooting-document.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">manifesto\u003c/a> he sent out shortly before the attack. The document, which lays out the plans for a killing spree, is a bitter recounting of his life and the deep resentments he had built up, especially toward the women who continuously rejected him, he said. Here's an excerpt about the meeting with the deputies, which occurred after he had posted disturbingly bitter \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgsBey7KX53-0qm-FSGTOyQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">videos\u003c/a> online:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>After only a week passed since I uploaded those videos on YouTube, I heard a knock on my apartment door. I opened it to see about seven police officers asking for me. As soon as I saw those cops, the biggest fear I had ever felt in my life overcame me. I had the striking and devastating fear that someone had somehow discovered what [I] was planning to do, and reported me for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that was the case, the police would have searched my room, found all of my guns and weapons, along with my writings about what I plan to do with them. I would have been thrown in jail, denied of the chance to exact revenge on my enemies. I can’t imagine a hell darker than that. Thankfully, that wasn’t the case, but it was so close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apparently, someone saw my videos and became instantly suspicious of me. They called some sort of health agency, who called the police to check up on me. The police told me it was my mother who called them, but my mother told me it was the health agency. My mother had watched the videos and was very disturbed by them. I don’t suppose I’ll ever know the full truth of who called the police on me. The police interrogated me outside for a few minutes, asking me if I had suicidal thoughts. I tactfully told them that it was all a misunderstanding, and they finally left. If they had demanded to search my room … That would have ended everything. For a few horrible seconds I thought it was all over. When they left, the biggest wave of relief swept over me. It was so scary.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong style=\"color: #2b2b2b;font-size: 16px\">Rodger Visited by Sheriff's Deputies in April\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Barbara County Sheriff Bill Brown discussed the visit by his deputies on CBS's \"Face The Nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were asked by the mental health department to conduct a welfare check with Elliot Rodger to determine if he was a danger to himself or anyone else. This was prompted by a call by a third party; the mental health department contacted one of his relatives who had expressed some concern about his well-being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our deputies went to check on (him) and contacted him outside his residence. They found him to be rather quiet, timid. He was polite and courteous. He was able to convince the deputies that this was all a misunderstanding. That although he was having some social problems, he was probably not going to be staying in school and returning home. He was able to make a very convincing story that there was no problem, that he wasn't going to hurt himself or anyone else. And that he just didn't meet the criteria for any further intervention at that point. Obviously looking back on this, it's a very tragic situation, and we certainly wish we could turn the clock back and change some things....\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said that after reading Rodger's manifesto, he believed the youth was able to \"fly under the radar\" in terms of his \"likelihood of propensity to hurt anyone else.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you read his autobiography and manifesto that he wrote,\" Brown said, \"it's very apparent that he was able to convince many people for many years that he didn't have this deep underlying obvious mental illness that manifested itself in this terrible tragedy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said Rodger had purchased three handguns in the year before the incident, and because he had never been \"institutionalized or committed for an involuntary hold,\" the weapon sales were not flagged. When asked if anything in the visit should have prompted a check of Rodger's weapons purchases, Brown said, \"I think they actually, probably spoke to him about weapons, but I'm not sure a weapons check was conducted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California Public Radio KPCC \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2014/05/26/44370/isla-vista-massacre-did-sheriffs-deputies-miss-opp/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spoke to a pair of mental health experts\u003c/a> about \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=wic&group=05001-06000&file=5150-5155\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Section 5150\u003c/a> of California's Welfare and Institutions Code, which potentially could have allowed for authorities to detain Rodger involuntarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're looking for body language, they're looking for how you look at the officer,\" said CarolAnn Peterson, who teaches at the USC School of Social Work. \"[Taking note] if I'm kinda looking down or I'm looking at other directions. But if I'm looking directly at you — I'm answering the questions, I seem very calm, nothing seems out of the ordinary — law enforcement may not think that there's a problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carla Jacobs, board member at the Virginia-based Treatment Advocacy Center, told KPCC that \"waiting for danger means the danger can lead to horrendous tragedy as we have seen over and over again.\" Doris Fuller, executive director of the center, told \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/elliot-rodgers-family-was-en-route-to-intervene-at-time-of-rampage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CBS News\u003c/a>: \"Once again, we are grieving over deaths and devastation caused by a young man who was sending up red flags for danger that failed to produce intervention in time to avert tragedy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KPCC said the sheriff's office did not respond to a request to discuss any training on mental health issues the department receives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rodger's Mental State\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An attorney for Peter Rodger, Elliot's father, told news organizations that the younger Elliot was highly functioning but had been diagnosed with \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/asperger/detail_asperger.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asperger's syndrome\u003c/a>, an autism spectrum disorder. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/26/us/parents-nightmare-failed-race-to-stop-killings.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York Times\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-isla-vista-main-20140526-story.html#page=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L.A. Times\u003c/a> spoke to neighbors and friends of Rodger's and his family, most of whom described a sense of isolation and depression in Elliot. Both papers describe an incident at a party last summer resulting in one of the three contacts Rodger had with police. Rodger \"tried to shove women off a ledge where they had been sitting,\" according to the L.A. paper. \"Several men intervened and pushed him off the ledge instead, and he injured his ankle.\" Police interviewed him afterward, but no action was taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper sums up any warning signs of potential violence in Rodgers this way:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It's tempting, now that the finale has been written, to think that someone could have stepped in before Rodger killed six people and wounded 13 Friday before apparently killing himself, that the law could have been crafted to raise a red flag, to compel someone to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to interviews with Rodger's acquaintances, law enforcement officials and mental health professionals, all that was known about the 22-year-old college student was that he was terribly sad. And being sad is not a crime, nor the sort of mental state that would, alone, cross a legal threshold requiring official response.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>George Woods, a San Francisco psychiatrist, told the paper that Rodger was in an early stage of pre-psychosis, in which the patient can commonly mask symptoms. \"They aren't telling people their business,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his 134-page screed, Rodger mentioned he had been under the care of \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/webhp?tab=ww&ei=B5aDU4DUDrGziAKvr4AY&ved=0CBcQ1S4#q=dr.+charles+sophy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Charles Sophy \u003c/a>of Beverly Hills. Sophy had prescribed Risperidone, Rodger wrote, an anti-psychotic drug that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a694015.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Institutes of Health \u003c/a>describes as treating \"mania (frenzied, abnormally excited or irritated mood) or mixed episodes (symptoms of mania and depression that happen together).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodger wrote that he would not take the drug and that he never saw Sophy again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern Poverty Law Center, which monitors hate groups, \u003ca href=\"http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2014/05/24/shooting-suspect-elliot-rodgers-misogynistic-posts-point-to-motive/\">writes\u003c/a> that an online trail of Rodger's posts on the Internet \"suggests an ideology behind his lust for revenge.\" The center \u003ca href=\"http://splcenter.org/blog/2014/05/24/elliot-rodger-isla-vista-shooting-suspect-posted-racist-messages-on-misogynistic-website/\">details\u003c/a> racist comments Rodger made on PuaHate.com, which the SPLC describes as \"an online forum known for its misogyny.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A friend of Rodger's mother told the\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/26/us/parents-nightmare-failed-race-to-stop-killings.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> New York Times\u003c/a> that Rodger's mother read the manifesto detailing his murderous plans just 10 minutes before it began. She called her ex-husband, Rodger's father, and then 911. Both parents raced separately to Isla Vista, but when they arrived it was too late.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An April visit from sheriff's deputies to check on Elliot Rodger did not raise any red flags. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1515455558,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1646},"headData":{"title":"Amid Warning Signs, Isla Vista Killer Slipped Through System | KQED","description":"An April visit from sheriff's deputies to check on Elliot Rodger did not raise any red flags. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"137107 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=137107","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/05/26/amid-multiple-warning-signs-alleged-isla-vista-killer-slipped-through-system/","disqusTitle":"Amid Warning Signs, Isla Vista Killer Slipped Through System","path":"/news/137107/amid-multiple-warning-signs-alleged-isla-vista-killer-slipped-through-system","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_137156\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/05/islavistavigil-640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-137156 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/05/islavistavigil-640.jpg\" alt=\"A student lights a candle at a memorial for one of the victims of Elliot Rodger during a series of attacks near the UC Santa Barbara campus. (Robyn Beck/AFP-Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student lights a candle at a memorial for one of the victims of Elliot Rodger during a series of attacks near the UC Santa Barbara campus. (Robyn Beck/AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amid the horrific accounts of the Isla Vista mass murders and the ugly misogynistic resentments expressed by alleged killer Elliot Rodger, one of the startling facts to emerge in the incident is that Santa Barbara sheriff's deputies met with Rodger on April 30 to determine if he posed a threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers checked on Rodger at his apartment \"at the request of state mental health officials, acting on an expression of concern by his mother,\" says the New York Times. \"They left after a calm and polite Mr. Rodger assured them that there was nothing to worry about. The officers reported that Mr. Rodger was shy and had told them that he was having difficulties in his social life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The encounter with the deputies is described by Rodger in the 134-page autobiographical \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/05/25/us/shooting-document.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">manifesto\u003c/a> he sent out shortly before the attack. The document, which lays out the plans for a killing spree, is a bitter recounting of his life and the deep resentments he had built up, especially toward the women who continuously rejected him, he said. Here's an excerpt about the meeting with the deputies, which occurred after he had posted disturbingly bitter \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgsBey7KX53-0qm-FSGTOyQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">videos\u003c/a> online:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>After only a week passed since I uploaded those videos on YouTube, I heard a knock on my apartment door. I opened it to see about seven police officers asking for me. As soon as I saw those cops, the biggest fear I had ever felt in my life overcame me. I had the striking and devastating fear that someone had somehow discovered what [I] was planning to do, and reported me for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that was the case, the police would have searched my room, found all of my guns and weapons, along with my writings about what I plan to do with them. I would have been thrown in jail, denied of the chance to exact revenge on my enemies. I can’t imagine a hell darker than that. Thankfully, that wasn’t the case, but it was so close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apparently, someone saw my videos and became instantly suspicious of me. They called some sort of health agency, who called the police to check up on me. The police told me it was my mother who called them, but my mother told me it was the health agency. My mother had watched the videos and was very disturbed by them. I don’t suppose I’ll ever know the full truth of who called the police on me. The police interrogated me outside for a few minutes, asking me if I had suicidal thoughts. I tactfully told them that it was all a misunderstanding, and they finally left. If they had demanded to search my room … That would have ended everything. For a few horrible seconds I thought it was all over. When they left, the biggest wave of relief swept over me. It was so scary.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong style=\"color: #2b2b2b;font-size: 16px\">Rodger Visited by Sheriff's Deputies in April\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Barbara County Sheriff Bill Brown discussed the visit by his deputies on CBS's \"Face The Nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were asked by the mental health department to conduct a welfare check with Elliot Rodger to determine if he was a danger to himself or anyone else. This was prompted by a call by a third party; the mental health department contacted one of his relatives who had expressed some concern about his well-being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our deputies went to check on (him) and contacted him outside his residence. They found him to be rather quiet, timid. He was polite and courteous. He was able to convince the deputies that this was all a misunderstanding. That although he was having some social problems, he was probably not going to be staying in school and returning home. He was able to make a very convincing story that there was no problem, that he wasn't going to hurt himself or anyone else. And that he just didn't meet the criteria for any further intervention at that point. Obviously looking back on this, it's a very tragic situation, and we certainly wish we could turn the clock back and change some things....\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said that after reading Rodger's manifesto, he believed the youth was able to \"fly under the radar\" in terms of his \"likelihood of propensity to hurt anyone else.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you read his autobiography and manifesto that he wrote,\" Brown said, \"it's very apparent that he was able to convince many people for many years that he didn't have this deep underlying obvious mental illness that manifested itself in this terrible tragedy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said Rodger had purchased three handguns in the year before the incident, and because he had never been \"institutionalized or committed for an involuntary hold,\" the weapon sales were not flagged. When asked if anything in the visit should have prompted a check of Rodger's weapons purchases, Brown said, \"I think they actually, probably spoke to him about weapons, but I'm not sure a weapons check was conducted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California Public Radio KPCC \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2014/05/26/44370/isla-vista-massacre-did-sheriffs-deputies-miss-opp/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spoke to a pair of mental health experts\u003c/a> about \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=wic&group=05001-06000&file=5150-5155\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Section 5150\u003c/a> of California's Welfare and Institutions Code, which potentially could have allowed for authorities to detain Rodger involuntarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're looking for body language, they're looking for how you look at the officer,\" said CarolAnn Peterson, who teaches at the USC School of Social Work. \"[Taking note] if I'm kinda looking down or I'm looking at other directions. But if I'm looking directly at you — I'm answering the questions, I seem very calm, nothing seems out of the ordinary — law enforcement may not think that there's a problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carla Jacobs, board member at the Virginia-based Treatment Advocacy Center, told KPCC that \"waiting for danger means the danger can lead to horrendous tragedy as we have seen over and over again.\" Doris Fuller, executive director of the center, told \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/elliot-rodgers-family-was-en-route-to-intervene-at-time-of-rampage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CBS News\u003c/a>: \"Once again, we are grieving over deaths and devastation caused by a young man who was sending up red flags for danger that failed to produce intervention in time to avert tragedy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KPCC said the sheriff's office did not respond to a request to discuss any training on mental health issues the department receives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rodger's Mental State\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An attorney for Peter Rodger, Elliot's father, told news organizations that the younger Elliot was highly functioning but had been diagnosed with \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/asperger/detail_asperger.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asperger's syndrome\u003c/a>, an autism spectrum disorder. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/26/us/parents-nightmare-failed-race-to-stop-killings.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York Times\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-isla-vista-main-20140526-story.html#page=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L.A. Times\u003c/a> spoke to neighbors and friends of Rodger's and his family, most of whom described a sense of isolation and depression in Elliot. Both papers describe an incident at a party last summer resulting in one of the three contacts Rodger had with police. Rodger \"tried to shove women off a ledge where they had been sitting,\" according to the L.A. paper. \"Several men intervened and pushed him off the ledge instead, and he injured his ankle.\" Police interviewed him afterward, but no action was taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper sums up any warning signs of potential violence in Rodgers this way:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It's tempting, now that the finale has been written, to think that someone could have stepped in before Rodger killed six people and wounded 13 Friday before apparently killing himself, that the law could have been crafted to raise a red flag, to compel someone to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to interviews with Rodger's acquaintances, law enforcement officials and mental health professionals, all that was known about the 22-year-old college student was that he was terribly sad. And being sad is not a crime, nor the sort of mental state that would, alone, cross a legal threshold requiring official response.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>George Woods, a San Francisco psychiatrist, told the paper that Rodger was in an early stage of pre-psychosis, in which the patient can commonly mask symptoms. \"They aren't telling people their business,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his 134-page screed, Rodger mentioned he had been under the care of \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/webhp?tab=ww&ei=B5aDU4DUDrGziAKvr4AY&ved=0CBcQ1S4#q=dr.+charles+sophy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Charles Sophy \u003c/a>of Beverly Hills. Sophy had prescribed Risperidone, Rodger wrote, an anti-psychotic drug that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a694015.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Institutes of Health \u003c/a>describes as treating \"mania (frenzied, abnormally excited or irritated mood) or mixed episodes (symptoms of mania and depression that happen together).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodger wrote that he would not take the drug and that he never saw Sophy again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern Poverty Law Center, which monitors hate groups, \u003ca href=\"http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2014/05/24/shooting-suspect-elliot-rodgers-misogynistic-posts-point-to-motive/\">writes\u003c/a> that an online trail of Rodger's posts on the Internet \"suggests an ideology behind his lust for revenge.\" The center \u003ca href=\"http://splcenter.org/blog/2014/05/24/elliot-rodger-isla-vista-shooting-suspect-posted-racist-messages-on-misogynistic-website/\">details\u003c/a> racist comments Rodger made on PuaHate.com, which the SPLC describes as \"an online forum known for its misogyny.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A friend of Rodger's mother told the\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/26/us/parents-nightmare-failed-race-to-stop-killings.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> New York Times\u003c/a> that Rodger's mother read the manifesto detailing his murderous plans just 10 minutes before it began. She called her ex-husband, Rodger's father, and then 911. Both parents raced separately to Isla Vista, but when they arrived it was too late.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/137107/amid-multiple-warning-signs-alleged-isla-vista-killer-slipped-through-system","authors":["80"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_2795","news_6374","news_2109","news_6375"],"featImg":"news_137156","label":"news_6944"},"news_137089":{"type":"posts","id":"news_137089","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"137089","score":null,"sort":[1401117786000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stabbing-victims-in-isla-vista-killings-were-from-san-jose-fremont","title":"Stabbing Victims in Isla Vista Killings Were From San Jose, Fremont","publishDate":1401117786,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_137094\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-137094 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/05/islavista-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"islavista\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Several thousand people attend a candlelight vigil at UC Santa Barbara to honor the victims of last Friday’s violent rampage. (Diane Bock/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Authorities on Sunday released the names of all six people killed in Friday's violent attacks in Isla Vista, the student community near UC Santa Barbara. Three of the victims, apparently stabbed to death in the apartment where the alleged killer, 22-year-old Elliot Rodger, lived, were all from the Bay Area. They are: 20-year-old Chen Yuan Hong, 19-year-old George Chen, both of San Jose; and 20-year-old Weihan Wang, of Fremont. Thirteen others were injured in the attacks. Santa Barbara Sheriff Bill Brown said Rodger was found dead from an apparently self-inflicted gunshot wound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News reports say Hong and Chen, along with Rodger, held the lease for the apartment. The three victims were UC Santa Barbara students; Rodger was a former student at Santa Barbara City College, authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/immigration/ci_25834727/three-fatal-stabbing-victims-santa-barbara-rampage-grew\" target=\"_blank\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cspan id=\"mn_Global\">\u003cspan id=\"MNGiSection\">According to their Facebook pages, Hong was a 2012 graduate of Lynbrook High School and was studying computer engineering. Chen graduated the same year from Leland High and had been a camp counselor for the YMCA. Wang was briefly a student at American High School in Fremont before he transferred to a private school, according to James Morris, superintendent of the Fremont Unified School District...\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan id=\"mn_Global\">\u003cspan id=\"MNGiSection\"> The sheriff revealed during a news conference Saturday that in January, Rodger accused Hong of stealing $22 worth of candles from him. Rodger took the unusual step of making a citizen's arrest for petty theft and contacted sheriff's deputies, who arrested Hong. He was booked and released, but the two men evidently continued living together.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Details are also emerging about the other victims, who were shot to death. KPCC's Sharon McNary spoke with families and friends of the slain students. She filed this report:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Nineteen-year-old Veronika Weiss was shot to death Friday night outside a UC Santa Barbara sorority house that the gunman was trying to enter. Bob Weiss recalled his daughter Veronika as strong and independent, a fierce player on her water polo team, who went up against the toughest opponents at her high school in Westlake Village, west of Los Angeles,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In my heart, I believe she was doing one of two things when she was shot,\" he said. \"She was either trying to help (Rodger), who was obviously under distress pounding on that door, or help her friends.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weiss said his daughter was a generous friend who attracted smart but awkward boys to the house, often the \"nerdy kid who felt a little out of place; Veronika welcomed them with open arms.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was a member of the Tri-Delta sorority. So was the other woman who was killed by gunfire, Katherine Breann Cooper, of Chino Hills, a city east of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooper was 22, nearing graduation with a degree in art history at UCSB. A friend said she was a painter, and outgoing. The family said through a friend that they were not ready to speak publicly about her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-year-old Christopher Michaels-Martinez of Los Osos was a second-year English major at UCSB who planned to study law. He was also shot to death. His father made an impassioned plea Saturday for more to be done to address mental health and reduce the availability of guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bob Weiss echoed that. \"It's such a lethal combination and we have the technology, we can do something if we want to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A memorial for his daughter Veronika is set for Monday evening at Westlake High.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Michaels-Martinez's fatherals also criticized the NRA. From \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/25/us/santa-barbara-shooting-victims/\" target=\"_blank\">CNN\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp class=\"cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph11\">\"Our family has a message for every parent out there: You don't think it will happen to your child until it does,\" the visibly emotional parent said, his voice rising to a shout in obvious agony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph12\">\"Why did Chris die? Chris died because of craven, irresponsible politicians and the (National Rifle Association). They talk about gun rights -- what about Chris' right to live?\" he continued. \"When will this insanity stop? When will enough people say stop this madness, we don't have to live like this? Too many have died. We should say to ourselves -- not one more.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The San Jose Mercury News has posted a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/crime-courts/ci_25837669/transcript-elliot-rodgers-last-video?source=pkg\" target=\"_blank\">transcript\u003c/a> of the last video that Elliot Rodger posted on YouTube, shortly before the rampage in Isla Vista. It's a chilling, bitter denunciation of the women whom he perceived as rejecting him, and in which he announces his intention to murder in a \"day of retribution.\" (You can watch Rodger's videos \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgsBey7KX53-0qm-FSGTOyQ\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.) Here's an excerpt from the transcript:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>You girls have never been attracted to me. I don't know why you girls aren't attracted to me, but I will punish you all for it. It's an injustice, a crime, because ... I don't know what you don't see in me. I'm the perfect guy and yet you throw yourselves at these obnoxious men instead of me, the supreme gentleman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I will punish all of you for it. (laughs) On the day of retribution I'm going to enter the hottest sorority house of UCSB. And I will slaughter every spoiled, stuck-up, blond slut I see inside there. All those girls I've desired so much, they would have all rejected me and looked down upon me as an inferior man if I ever made a sexual advance towards them (scoffs) while they throw themselves at these obnoxious brutes. I'll take great pleasure in slaughtering all of you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You will finally see that I am in truth the superior one. The true alpha male. (laughs) Yes. After I've annihilated every single girl in the sorority house, I will take to the streets of Isla Vista and slay every single person I see there. All those popular kids who live such lives of hedonistic pleasures while I've had to rot in loneliness for all these years. They've all looked down upon me every time I tried to go out and join them, they've all treated me like a mouse.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile the New York Times has posted the 137-page \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/05/25/us/shooting-document.html\" target=\"_blank\">autobiographical document\u003c/a> that Rodger wrote called \"My Twisted World. The Story of Elliot Rodger.\" Rodger describes his life in detail, and more of the deep antipathy he felt toward women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Santa Barbara's student-run newspaper, the \u003ca href=\"http://dailynexus.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Daily Nexus,\u003c/a> has more coverage.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The victims in Friday's Isla Vista killings have been identified.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1401145233,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1096},"headData":{"title":"Stabbing Victims in Isla Vista Killings Were From San Jose, Fremont | KQED","description":"The victims in Friday's Isla Vista killings have been identified.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"137089 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=137089","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/05/26/stabbing-victims-in-isla-vista-killings-were-from-san-jose-fremont/","disqusTitle":"Stabbing Victims in Isla Vista Killings Were From San Jose, Fremont","path":"/news/137089/stabbing-victims-in-isla-vista-killings-were-from-san-jose-fremont","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_137094\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-137094 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/05/islavista-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"islavista\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Several thousand people attend a candlelight vigil at UC Santa Barbara to honor the victims of last Friday’s violent rampage. (Diane Bock/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Authorities on Sunday released the names of all six people killed in Friday's violent attacks in Isla Vista, the student community near UC Santa Barbara. Three of the victims, apparently stabbed to death in the apartment where the alleged killer, 22-year-old Elliot Rodger, lived, were all from the Bay Area. They are: 20-year-old Chen Yuan Hong, 19-year-old George Chen, both of San Jose; and 20-year-old Weihan Wang, of Fremont. Thirteen others were injured in the attacks. Santa Barbara Sheriff Bill Brown said Rodger was found dead from an apparently self-inflicted gunshot wound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News reports say Hong and Chen, along with Rodger, held the lease for the apartment. The three victims were UC Santa Barbara students; Rodger was a former student at Santa Barbara City College, authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/immigration/ci_25834727/three-fatal-stabbing-victims-santa-barbara-rampage-grew\" target=\"_blank\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cspan id=\"mn_Global\">\u003cspan id=\"MNGiSection\">According to their Facebook pages, Hong was a 2012 graduate of Lynbrook High School and was studying computer engineering. Chen graduated the same year from Leland High and had been a camp counselor for the YMCA. Wang was briefly a student at American High School in Fremont before he transferred to a private school, according to James Morris, superintendent of the Fremont Unified School District...\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan id=\"mn_Global\">\u003cspan id=\"MNGiSection\"> The sheriff revealed during a news conference Saturday that in January, Rodger accused Hong of stealing $22 worth of candles from him. Rodger took the unusual step of making a citizen's arrest for petty theft and contacted sheriff's deputies, who arrested Hong. He was booked and released, but the two men evidently continued living together.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Details are also emerging about the other victims, who were shot to death. KPCC's Sharon McNary spoke with families and friends of the slain students. She filed this report:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Nineteen-year-old Veronika Weiss was shot to death Friday night outside a UC Santa Barbara sorority house that the gunman was trying to enter. Bob Weiss recalled his daughter Veronika as strong and independent, a fierce player on her water polo team, who went up against the toughest opponents at her high school in Westlake Village, west of Los Angeles,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In my heart, I believe she was doing one of two things when she was shot,\" he said. \"She was either trying to help (Rodger), who was obviously under distress pounding on that door, or help her friends.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weiss said his daughter was a generous friend who attracted smart but awkward boys to the house, often the \"nerdy kid who felt a little out of place; Veronika welcomed them with open arms.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was a member of the Tri-Delta sorority. So was the other woman who was killed by gunfire, Katherine Breann Cooper, of Chino Hills, a city east of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooper was 22, nearing graduation with a degree in art history at UCSB. A friend said she was a painter, and outgoing. The family said through a friend that they were not ready to speak publicly about her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-year-old Christopher Michaels-Martinez of Los Osos was a second-year English major at UCSB who planned to study law. He was also shot to death. His father made an impassioned plea Saturday for more to be done to address mental health and reduce the availability of guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bob Weiss echoed that. \"It's such a lethal combination and we have the technology, we can do something if we want to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A memorial for his daughter Veronika is set for Monday evening at Westlake High.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Michaels-Martinez's fatherals also criticized the NRA. From \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/25/us/santa-barbara-shooting-victims/\" target=\"_blank\">CNN\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp class=\"cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph11\">\"Our family has a message for every parent out there: You don't think it will happen to your child until it does,\" the visibly emotional parent said, his voice rising to a shout in obvious agony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph12\">\"Why did Chris die? Chris died because of craven, irresponsible politicians and the (National Rifle Association). They talk about gun rights -- what about Chris' right to live?\" he continued. \"When will this insanity stop? When will enough people say stop this madness, we don't have to live like this? Too many have died. We should say to ourselves -- not one more.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The San Jose Mercury News has posted a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/crime-courts/ci_25837669/transcript-elliot-rodgers-last-video?source=pkg\" target=\"_blank\">transcript\u003c/a> of the last video that Elliot Rodger posted on YouTube, shortly before the rampage in Isla Vista. It's a chilling, bitter denunciation of the women whom he perceived as rejecting him, and in which he announces his intention to murder in a \"day of retribution.\" (You can watch Rodger's videos \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgsBey7KX53-0qm-FSGTOyQ\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.) Here's an excerpt from the transcript:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>You girls have never been attracted to me. I don't know why you girls aren't attracted to me, but I will punish you all for it. It's an injustice, a crime, because ... I don't know what you don't see in me. I'm the perfect guy and yet you throw yourselves at these obnoxious men instead of me, the supreme gentleman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I will punish all of you for it. (laughs) On the day of retribution I'm going to enter the hottest sorority house of UCSB. And I will slaughter every spoiled, stuck-up, blond slut I see inside there. All those girls I've desired so much, they would have all rejected me and looked down upon me as an inferior man if I ever made a sexual advance towards them (scoffs) while they throw themselves at these obnoxious brutes. I'll take great pleasure in slaughtering all of you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You will finally see that I am in truth the superior one. The true alpha male. (laughs) Yes. After I've annihilated every single girl in the sorority house, I will take to the streets of Isla Vista and slay every single person I see there. All those popular kids who live such lives of hedonistic pleasures while I've had to rot in loneliness for all these years. They've all looked down upon me every time I tried to go out and join them, they've all treated me like a mouse.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile the New York Times has posted the 137-page \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/05/25/us/shooting-document.html\" target=\"_blank\">autobiographical document\u003c/a> that Rodger wrote called \"My Twisted World. The Story of Elliot Rodger.\" Rodger describes his life in detail, and more of the deep antipathy he felt toward women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Santa Barbara's student-run newspaper, the \u003ca href=\"http://dailynexus.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Daily Nexus,\u003c/a> has more coverage.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/137089/stabbing-victims-in-isla-vista-killings-were-from-san-jose-fremont","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_6374","news_6375"],"featImg":"news_137094","label":"news_6944"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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