How a Pivotal Case on Homelessness Could Redefine Policies in California and the Nation
California's Ban on Flavored Tobacco Upheld by US Supreme Court
Supreme Court Reviews Case with Potential Tax Code Disruption, Experts Warn
Timeline: A Heated History of Affirmative Action in America
US Supreme Court Strikes Down Affirmative Action, Barring California Private Universities From Considering Race in Admissions
Supreme Court Sharply Limits Federal Government's Ability to Police Pollution Into Certain Wetlands
The Supreme Court Is Slated to Hear a Major Affirmative Action Case. University of California Offers a Cautionary Tale
The Supreme Court Will Begin a New Term With More Contentious Cases on Its Docket
'Worth Going to Jail If Necessary': Rep. Jackie Speier on Getting Arrested in Fight for Abortion Rights
Sponsored
window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={"attachmentsReducer":{"audio_0":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_0","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"}}},"audio_1":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_1","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"}}},"audio_2":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_2","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"}}},"audio_3":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_3","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"}}},"audio_4":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_4","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"}}},"placeholder":{"type":"attachments","id":"placeholder","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-160x96.jpg","width":160,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-800x478.jpg","width":800,"height":478,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1020x610.jpg","width":1020,"height":610,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-960x574.jpg","width":960,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-240x143.jpg","width":240,"height":143,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-375x224.jpg","width":375,"height":224,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-520x311.jpg","width":520,"height":311,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-e1514998105161.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148}}},"news_11983495":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11983495","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11983495","found":true},"title":"001_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut","publishDate":1713556286,"status":"inherit","parent":11983492,"modified":1713556320,"caption":"Signs cover two RVs at the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on Sept. 8, 2022, before CalTrans was set to clean up the area.","credit":"Beth LaBerge/KQED","altTag":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/001_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/001_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/001_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/001_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/001_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/001_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/001_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"news_11972052":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11972052","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11972052","found":true},"title":"PROPE_081-qut","publishDate":1704825105,"status":"inherit","parent":11972039,"modified":1704829469,"caption":"'Fruit n Custard Banana'-flavored tobacco at the Vapor Den in San Francisco on May 9, 2018. According to an employee, the company avoids purchasing flavors that are too childlike in design, even if they are desirable flavors. ","credit":"Lauren Hanussak/KQED","altTag":"A row of flavored tobacco vape juice bottles.","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/PROPE_081-qut-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/PROPE_081-qut-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/PROPE_081-qut-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/PROPE_081-qut-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/PROPE_081-qut-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/PROPE_081-qut-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/PROPE_081-qut.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"news_11969070":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11969070","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11969070","found":true},"title":"The U.S. Supreme Court hears arguments Tuesday in an important tax case.","publishDate":1701804784,"status":"inherit","parent":11969069,"modified":1701810665,"caption":"A view of the Supreme Court at dusk, Jan. 31, 2017, in Washington, DC.","credit":null,"altTag":"The front of the Supreme Court building with a blue sky in the background.","description":"WASHINGTON, DC - JANUARY 31: A view of the Supreme Court at dusk, January 31, 2017 in Washington, DC. President Donald Trump will announce his nominee for the Supreme Court on Tuesday night. (Photo by Drew Angerer/Getty Images)","imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/gettyimages-633210786-2-f2e67f6bee591088d738d2789ce8b8f23182b4e3-800x600.jpg","width":800,"height":600,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/gettyimages-633210786-2-f2e67f6bee591088d738d2789ce8b8f23182b4e3-160x120.jpg","width":160,"height":120,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/gettyimages-633210786-2-f2e67f6bee591088d738d2789ce8b8f23182b4e3-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/gettyimages-633210786-2-f2e67f6bee591088d738d2789ce8b8f23182b4e3-911x576.jpg","width":911,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/gettyimages-633210786-2-f2e67f6bee591088d738d2789ce8b8f23182b4e3.jpg","width":911,"height":683}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"news_11954608":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11954608","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11954608","found":true},"title":"Supreme Court Rules Affirmative Action Is Unconstitutional In Landmark Decision","publishDate":1688068999,"status":"inherit","parent":0,"modified":1688099355,"caption":"Supporters of affirmative action protest outside of the US Supreme Court in Washington, DC on Thursday, June 29, 2023. The high court on Thursday struck down affirmative action in college admissions decisions, ruling that race cannot be a factor, forcing institutions of higher education to look for new ways to achieve diverse student bodies.","credit":"Kent Nishimura/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images","altTag":"Pro Affirmative Action supporters and and counter protestors shout at each outside of the Supreme Court of the United States in Washington, DC on June 29, 2023.","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-KQED-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-KQED-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-KQED-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-KQED-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-KQED-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-KQED-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-KQED-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-KQED.jpg","width":2000,"height":1333}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"news_11954671":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11954671","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11954671","found":true},"title":"Supreme Court Affirmative Action","publishDate":1688078964,"status":"inherit","parent":11954612,"modified":1688080499,"caption":"Supporters of affirmative action protest outside of the US Supreme Court in Washington, DC on Thursday, June 29, 2023. The high court on Thursday struck down affirmative action in college admissions decisions, ruling that race cannot be a factor, forcing institutions of higher education to look for new ways to achieve diverse student bodies.","credit":"Jose Luis Magana/AP","altTag":"Supporters of affirmative action hold signs and rally in front of the U.S. Supreme Court. One sign says: 'We won't go back.'","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/AP23180684729490-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/AP23180684729490-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/AP23180684729490-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/AP23180684729490-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/AP23180684729490-2048x1365.jpg","width":2048,"height":1365,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/AP23180684729490-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/AP23180684729490-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/AP23180684729490-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/AP23180684729490-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1707}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"news_11950800":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11950800","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11950800","found":true},"title":"Rally To Protect Our Waters, Supreme Court Reviews Sackett Case Which Could Drastically Reduce Clean Water Protections","publishDate":1685061783,"status":"inherit","parent":11950795,"modified":1685071563,"caption":"Environmental advocates rally outside the Supreme Court as it reviews the Sackett case on Oct. 3, 2022, in Washington, DC.","credit":"Paul Morigi/Getty Images for Protect our Waters","altTag":"Protestors holding signs take a group picture in front of the Supreme Court, a white neo-classical building.","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1430062807-800x548.jpg","width":800,"height":548,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1430062807-1020x698.jpg","width":1020,"height":698,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1430062807-160x110.jpg","width":160,"height":110,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1430062807-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1430062807-1024x576.jpg","width":1024,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1430062807.jpg","width":1024,"height":701}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"news_11928975":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11928975","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11928975","found":true},"title":"California Universities In A Legal Bind Amid Student Housing Shortage","publishDate":1665779615,"status":"inherit","parent":11928967,"modified":1665779726,"caption":"People walk by Sather Tower on the UC Berkeley campus. The university system recently told the Supreme Court that 'despite its extensive efforts, UC struggles to enroll a student body that is sufficiently racially diverse to attain the educational benefits of diversity.'","credit":"Justin Sullivan/Getty Images","altTag":"students walk on UC Berkeley's campus","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1385201947-800x539.jpg","width":800,"height":539,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1385201947-1020x687.jpg","width":1020,"height":687,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1385201947-160x108.jpg","width":160,"height":108,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1385201947-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1385201947-1024x576.jpg","width":1024,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1385201947.jpg","width":1024,"height":690}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"news_11927575":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11927575","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11927575","found":true},"title":"The justices of the U.S. Supreme Court","publishDate":1664833942,"status":"inherit","parent":11927574,"modified":1664836246,"caption":"Members of the U.D. Supreme Court (L-R): Associate Justices Amy Coney Barrett, Neil M. Gorsuch, Sonia Sotomayor and Clarence Thomas; Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr., and Associate Justices Ketanji Brown Jackson, Samuel A. Alito, Jr., Elena Kagan, and Brett M. Kavanaugh pose in the Justices Conference Room prior to the formal investiture ceremony of Associate Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson on Sept. 30, 2022.","credit":"Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States via Getty Images","altTag":null,"description":"WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 30: (EDITORIAL USE ONLY) In this handout provided by the Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States, Members of the Supreme Court (L-R) Associate Justices Amy Coney Barrett, Neil M. Gorsuch, Sonia Sotomayor, and Clarence Thomas, Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr., and Associate Justices Ketanji Brown Jackson, Samuel A. Alito, Jr., Elena Kagan, and Brett M. Kavanaugh pose in the Justices Conference Room prior to the formal investiture ceremony of Associate Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson September 30, 2022 in Washington, DC. President Joseph R. Biden, Jr., First Lady Dr. Jill Biden, Vice President Kamala Harris, and Second Gentleman Douglas Emhoff attended as guests of the Court. On June 30, 2022, Justice Jackson took the oaths of office to become the 104th Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. (Photo by Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States via Getty Images)","imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/gettyimages-1243619362-6ae432863e31a47e31a7776d0a2534138c05571f-800x600.jpg","width":800,"height":600,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/gettyimages-1243619362-6ae432863e31a47e31a7776d0a2534138c05571f-160x120.jpg","width":160,"height":120,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/gettyimages-1243619362-6ae432863e31a47e31a7776d0a2534138c05571f-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/gettyimages-1243619362-6ae432863e31a47e31a7776d0a2534138c05571f-847x576.jpg","width":847,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/gettyimages-1243619362-6ae432863e31a47e31a7776d0a2534138c05571f.jpg","width":847,"height":635}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"news_11920037":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11920037","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11920037","found":true},"title":"GettyImages-1409760123-jackiespeier","publishDate":1658352349,"status":"inherit","parent":11920007,"modified":1658365968,"caption":"House Democrats, including Bay Area Rep. Jackie Speier (right), participate in a sit-in with the Center for Popular Democracy Action in front of the US Supreme Court Building on July 19, 2022, in Washington, DC.","credit":"Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images","altTag":"Protesters sit on a road while others surround them.","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/GettyImages-1409760123-jackiespeier-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/GettyImages-1409760123-jackiespeier-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/GettyImages-1409760123-jackiespeier-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/GettyImages-1409760123-jackiespeier-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/GettyImages-1409760123-jackiespeier-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/GettyImages-1409760123-jackiespeier-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/GettyImages-1409760123-jackiespeier.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_news_11972039":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11972039","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11972039","name":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/lynn-la/\">Lynn La\u003c/a>","isLoading":false},"byline_news_11969069":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11969069","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11969069","name":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/2101289/nina-totenberg\">Nina Totenberg\u003c/a>\u003cbr> NPR News","isLoading":false},"byline_news_11950795":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11950795","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11950795","name":"Mark Sherman and Jessica Gresko\u003cbr>The Associated Press","isLoading":false},"byline_news_11928967":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11928967","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11928967","name":"Michael Burke","isLoading":false},"byline_news_11927574":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11927574","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11927574","name":"Nina Totenberg","isLoading":false},"matthewgreen":{"type":"authors","id":"1263","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"1263","found":true},"name":"Matthew Green","firstName":"Matthew","lastName":"Green","slug":"matthewgreen","email":"mgreen@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Matthew Green is a digital media producer for KQED News. He previously produced \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/lowdown\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>, KQED’s multimedia news education blog. Matthew's written for numerous Bay Area publications, including the Oakland Tribune and San Francisco Chronicle. He also taught journalism classes at Fremont High School in East Oakland.\r\n\r\nEmail: mgreen@kqed.org; Twitter: @MGreenKQED","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twitter":"MGreenKQED","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"lowdown","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"education","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"elections","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"liveblog","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Matthew Green | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/matthewgreen"},"bwatt":{"type":"authors","id":"11238","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11238","found":true},"name":"Brian Watt","firstName":"Brian","lastName":"Watt","slug":"bwatt","email":"bwatt@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Morning News Anchor","bio":"Brian Watt is KQED's morning radio news anchor. He joined the KQED News team in April of 2016. Prior to that, he worked as a Reporter for KPCC in Los Angeles and a producer at \u003cem>Marketplace.\u003c/em>\r\n\r\nDuring eight years at KPCC, Brian covered business and economics, and his work won several awards. In 2008, he won the Los Angeles Press Club’s first-place award for Business and Financial Reporting, Broadcast. He’s also received honorable mention and been first runner up for the Press Club’s Radio Journalist of the Year. He won two Golden Mike awards from the Radio and TV News Association of Southern California.\r\n\r\nBrian holds degrees in theater from Yale University and the Sorbonne, and has worked as an actor in France, Italy, Brazil, Hungary and . . . Hollywood. He appeared in a few television shows, including \u003cem>The West Wing, Judging Amy\u003c/em> and \u003cem>The District.\u003c/em>\r\n\r\nEmail: bwatt@KQED.org Twitter: @RadioBWatt","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/55393ff57ed34e2be773ba4789dd6a19?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"@RadioBWatt","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Brian Watt | KQED","description":"Morning News Anchor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/55393ff57ed34e2be773ba4789dd6a19?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/55393ff57ed34e2be773ba4789dd6a19?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/bwatt"},"vrancano":{"type":"authors","id":"11276","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11276","found":true},"name":"Vanessa Rancaño","firstName":"Vanessa","lastName":"Rancaño","slug":"vrancano","email":"vrancano@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Reporter, Housing","bio":"Vanessa Rancaño reports on housing and homelessness for KQED. She’s also covered education for the station and reported from the Central Valley. Her work has aired across public radio, from flagship national news shows to longform narrative podcasts. Before taking up a mic, she worked as a freelance print journalist. She’s been recognized with a number of national and regional awards. Vanessa grew up in California's Central Valley. She's a former NPR Kroc Fellow, and a graduate of the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f6c0fc5d391c78710bcfc723f0636ef6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"vanessarancano","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Vanessa Rancaño | KQED","description":"Reporter, Housing","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f6c0fc5d391c78710bcfc723f0636ef6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f6c0fc5d391c78710bcfc723f0636ef6?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/vrancano"},"mfederis":{"type":"authors","id":"11509","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11509","found":true},"name":"Marnette Federis","firstName":"Marnette","lastName":"Federis","slug":"mfederis","email":"mfederis@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":null,"avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6553b16260501cef36787444651fa5ed?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"mindshift","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"podcasts","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Marnette Federis | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6553b16260501cef36787444651fa5ed?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6553b16260501cef36787444651fa5ed?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mfederis"},"sjohnson":{"type":"authors","id":"11840","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11840","found":true},"name":"Sydney Johnson","firstName":"Sydney","lastName":"Johnson","slug":"sjohnson","email":"sjohnson@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Reporter","bio":"Sydney Johnson is a general assignment reporter at KQED. She previously reported on public health and city government at the San Francisco Examiner, and before that, she covered statewide education policy for EdSource. Her reporting has won multiple local, state and national awards. Sydney is a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley and lives in San Francisco.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/97855f2719b72ad6190b7c535fe642c8?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"sydneyfjohnson","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sydney Johnson | KQED","description":"KQED Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/97855f2719b72ad6190b7c535fe642c8?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/97855f2719b72ad6190b7c535fe642c8?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/sjohnson"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11983492":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983492","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983492","score":null,"sort":[1713564963000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-a-pivotal-case-on-homelessness-could-redefine-policies-in-california-and-the-nation","title":"How a Pivotal Case on Homelessness Could Redefine Policies in California and the Nation","publishDate":1713564963,"format":"standard","headTitle":"How a Pivotal Case on Homelessness Could Redefine Policies in California and the Nation | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The Supreme Court is scheduled to hear oral arguments on Monday in a case that could have major implications for how cities across the country address homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case, \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/23-175.html\">City of Grants Pass, Oregon v. Gloria Johnson\u003c/a>, hinges on whether a local government can issue fines and jail people for camping on public property when there isn’t enough shelter available. The Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled this was cruel and unusual punishment. Opponents appealed that ruling to the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the most important case about homelessness in at least 40 years,” said Jesse Rabinowitz of the Homelessness Law Center. “This will either make it easier for cities to punish people for sleeping outside … or it will push cities to fund actual solutions to homelessness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As homelessness spikes, cities and states seek tools to help them clean up their streets. In California and around the country, officials are turning to camping bans, encampment sweeps and other policies that target unhoused people to reduce visible homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in San Francisco, where there’s an ongoing lawsuit over the city’s encampment sweeps, a district court magistrate relied on the Ninth Circuit’s ruling in this case for an injunction restricting camp clearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This judicial intervention has harmed both San Francisco’s housed and unhoused populations by causing obstructed and inaccessible sidewalks, unsafe encampments, and fewer unhoused people to accept services,” San Francisco City Attorney David Chiu told the Supreme Court in a brief encouraging the justices to take up the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about the Grants Pass case:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Background\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2018, lawyers filed suit against the small city of Grants Pass, Oregon, on behalf of unhoused residents, arguing it was unconstitutional to cite and arrest people for sleeping outside in the absence of any viable alternative for shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were \u003ca href=\"https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2024/04/with-oregon-homelessness-case-headed-to-supreme-court-spotlight-falls-on-portland-lawyer-unhoused-people-in-grants-pass.html\">ticketed, fined\u003c/a>, arrested and jailed for living outside in Grants Pass with as little as a blanket or a tarp to survive,” said Ed Johnson, litigation director at The Oregon Law Center, who filed the suit, noting that the city has a shortage of affordable housing and shelter space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11816673\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11816673\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Tents line a gravel sidewalk off Fulton Street near City Hall on May 5, 2020. On Wednesday, city staffers started drawing out socially distant spaces with chalk on the street for the tents to stay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tents line a gravel sidewalk off Fulton Street near City Hall on May 5, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The federal district court in Medford, Oregon, sided with them. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, whose jurisdiction covers nine western states, later upheld that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Grants Pass then asked the Supreme Court to review the appellate court’s decision. Officials across the political map, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-175/280288/20230922163648635_Amicus%20Brief%20for%20Governor%20Newsom%20-%20Grants%20Pass_Final.pdf\">Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/a>, the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco and a group of \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-175/280428/20230925170042238_No%2023-175_AmicusBrief.pdf\">20 conservative-led states,\u003c/a> also asked SCOTUS to take up the case, saying lower court rulings have tied their hands when it comes to addressing homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This case is closely related to another major homelessness case, Martin v. Boise, in which the Ninth Circuit ruled in 2018 that unhoused people can’t be punished for sleeping outside on public property in the absence of adequate alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grants Pass case relies on that precedent, and some see it as going even further because it applies to civil penalties, not just criminal ones. The city has asked the justices to take on the central issue at play in both cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the impacts of this ruling could depend on which particular issues the court chooses to take up and how narrowly it rules. However, many observers believe the court’s decision will encompass both the Boise and Grants Pass rulings.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Arguments in opposition: Cities should be able to clear encampments, issue citations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The city of Grants Pass argues the previous rulings in this case are a roadblock to addressing the homelessness crisis and that fines and short jail stints for camping on public property don’t violate the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their brief, lawyers for the city defend the city’s policies, explaining that base fines for violating the camping ordinance are $295 and repeat offenders can face criminal trespass charges, punishable by 30 days in jail and $1,250 in fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949350\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11949350\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view of a homeless encampment with trailers, tents and people's belongings scattered about underneath a freeway overpass.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A compound seen from above after damage from a nearby fire at the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on Sept. 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Those punishments are neither ‘cruel’ nor ‘unusual’ in any ordinary sense of those words,” they write. “For centuries, fines and imprisonment have been the default methods of punishing criminal offenses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They argue the courts have overstepped, stripping local governments of “traditional police powers.” Grants Pass, along with other cities and opponents of the Ninth Circuit’s ruling, agrees, arguing the ruling and related cases are unclear and have been interpreted too broadly — for instance, to essentially require cities to build enough shelter for every unhoused person — making them impractical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upshot, they say, is rising homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Encampments have multiplied unchecked throughout the West because generally applicable restrictions on public camping no longer play their critical deterrent role,” they write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their briefings, Chiu and lawyers representing Newsom made similar arguments.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Arguments in support: Encampment bans are ‘cruel and unusual punishment’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Attorneys and advocates for the unhoused Grants Pass residents say the lower court rulings are far narrower than cities claim. They argue the rulings do give cities leeway to regulate encampments and even clear them — but not to ban camps outright.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs’ attorneys argue punishing people living on the streets will not solve homelessness — only make it worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983521\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man sits at a tent encampment where he currently lives on Fulton Street near City Hall on April 5, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If our Bill of Rights is to mean anything, it must mean that governments cannot fine, arrest and incarcerate those who have nowhere else to go,” Johnson said. “We should and we must expect better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for people experiencing homelessness also argue camping bans and similar policies are expensive and ineffective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Relying on jails and tickets to respond to homelessness pushes our neighbors deeper into poverty and makes it harder for them to secure jobs and housing,” Rabinowitz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates further argue that camping bans and similar policies are bad for people’s health because they disrupt connections to health care and supportive services, erode trust in law enforcement and create additional obstacles to finding housing and employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have criminal records created by these practices,” said Donald Whitehead, executive director of the National Coalition for the Homeless. “They do not end homelessness; the person after they are arrested, fined and jailed still are living outside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who’s weighing in?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>More than 80 amicus briefs have been filed in the case, about evenly split in their support for the two parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siding with the city of Grants Pass, the attorneys general of 24 conservative states \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.gov%2FDocketPDF%2F23%2F23-175%2F302093%2F20240301172330264_44869%2520pdf%2520Considine.pdf\">argue the decision\u003c/a> “infringes their sovereign authority over homelessness policy and criminal law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11133746\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11133746\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS13835_mission_camp_for_web-800x546.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless encampment in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"546\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless encampment in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Eric Lawson/San Francisco Public Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They write, “The Ninth Circuit cannot solve homelessness, and it should not try. It is states and localities that have the local knowledge needed to address the problem, and it is states and localities that ultimately bear the costs of homelessness and of homeless policy. It should be states and localities that make the decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California sheriffs and police associations, along with the California State Association of Counties and the League of California Cities, and national conservative legal groups like the Cicero Institute are among those weighing in on behalf of Grants Pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The groups backing the city’s unhoused residents include the ACLU and other national human rights groups, along with “57 Social Scientists with Published Research on Homelessness” and several California-based nonprofits, including the Western Regional Advocacy Project and Advocates for Empowerment CA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.gov%2FDocketPDF%2F23%2F23-175%2F306693%2F20240403164735760_APA%2520et%2520al.%2520amicus%2520brief%2520-%2520Grants%2520Pass%2520v.%2520Johnson%2520-%2520No.%252023-175.pdf\">their brief\u003c/a>, the American Psychiatric Association and several other mental health groups argue criminalizing homelessness can worsen physical and mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People with mental illness experiencing homelessness already face various barriers to accessing mental health treatment; incarceration exacerbates these barriers,” the brief reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parties, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-175/302264/20240304183726571_23-175npUnitedStates.pdf\">Biden administration\u003c/a>, Newsom and Chiu, don’t back either party. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcityattorney.org/2024/03/01/san-francisco-files-amicus-brief-with-u-s-supreme-court-in-grants-pass/\">In a statement,\u003c/a> Chiu said it doesn’t make sense to “punish status or criminally prosecute homeless individuals for being homeless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But, the Ninth Circuit in Grants Pass went well beyond that central idea and misapplied the law,” Chiu continued. “It has left cities like San Francisco without the necessary tools to compassionately address homelessness and ensure our streets and public spaces are safe and accessible to all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Possible outcomes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One option is for the justices to uphold the lower courts’ rulings that criminalizing behaviors like sleeping, lying down and sitting in public, when no alternative shelter is provided, violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternatively, the court could overturn that precedent, giving cities the green light to cite, arrest and jail people for sleeping in public, regardless of whether or not there’s shelter available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983526\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983526\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An unhoused individual sorts through his belongings to decide what he would take to a storage space and what would be disposed of by CalTrans at the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on Aug. 18, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a 1962 case, Robinson v. California, the Supreme Court ruled it was unconstitutional to punish someone for being a drug addict — a “status” rather than an “act.” Sunita Patel, faculty director of the UCLA Veterans Legal Clinic, said the court could decide to upend even this precedent. Patel represented the National Coalition on Homeless Veterans and other veterans service providers in their amicus brief before the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The worst case scenario for the plaintiffs and for unhoused folks is that the court takes this as broadly as they can, and they try to get rid of older precedent,” Patel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and other observers are wary the court will take on such “status offenses,” which would allow cities to criminalize people just for being homeless, she said, and have sweeping implications for civil liberties in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third option is for the court to take a middle road that limits the scope of the lower court rulings, said Ron Hochbaum, head of the University of the Pacific McGeorge Law School’s Homeless Advocacy Clinic and filed a brief in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the justices could require law enforcement or the courts to determine whether the unhoused person cited had access to shelter whenever a camping ban was enforced. Or, they could allow cities to ban public camping so long as those restrictions are limited to certain places. The U.S. Justice Department endorsed that approach in its amicus brief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s very little telling how the court will ultimately rule, Patel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This Supreme Court, in particular, is unpredictable,” she said. “We don’t know what they’re going to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What could it mean for California?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If the court sides with the city of Grants Pass, lawmakers could more aggressively enforce anti-camping laws already on the books or pass new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While advocates point out that cities have continued to clear encampments despite the rulings, Devon Kurtz of the Cicero Institute argues that the Ninth Circuit’s rulings in both Grants Pass and Martin v. Boise have had a chilling effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983527\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983527\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CalTrans workers move in to clear garbage from the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on Sept. 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s concern that if they were to enforce their camping ordinances, then they could be subject to litigation, and that’s true,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He thinks the most dramatic change could happen in small cities “that have been really, really reticent to enforce their camping ordinances of any variety out of fear that their insurance premiums are going to go through the roof if they start getting sued,” he said. “They might feel a little bit more confident in taking these steps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1011\">bipartisan bill\u003c/a> that would have made it easier to clear encampments and issue civil citations for sleeping on the streets died in the Legislature this year but is emblematic of the larger debate around how to respond to encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities like San Francisco and Los Angeles have said they’re not interested in aggressively jailing people, but they’re looking for clarity from the court about what constitutes “involuntary” homelessness and adequate shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Newsom said he was looking forward to arguments in the case, expressing hope that its resolution will allow for greater progress toward reducing homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is, to me, just about common sense — not about ideology,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1bHIqjIDhaGQPCtqalJxOPzYP-LHwzeCo9sFCIJl8RcE&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" width=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The US Supreme Court will hear arguments on Monday on if it's lawful for local governments to criminalize sleeping outside when shelter space is insufficient, potentially impacting urban policies on homeless encampments.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713640975,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":57,"wordCount":2205},"headData":{"title":"How a Pivotal Case on Homelessness Could Redefine Policies in California and the Nation | KQED","description":"The US Supreme Court will hear arguments on Monday on if it's lawful for local governments to criminalize sleeping outside when shelter space is insufficient, potentially impacting urban policies on homeless encampments.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"How a Pivotal Case on Homelessness Could Redefine Policies in California and the Nation","datePublished":"2024-04-19T22:16:03.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-20T19:22:55.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983492/how-a-pivotal-case-on-homelessness-could-redefine-policies-in-california-and-the-nation","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Supreme Court is scheduled to hear oral arguments on Monday in a case that could have major implications for how cities across the country address homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case, \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/23-175.html\">City of Grants Pass, Oregon v. Gloria Johnson\u003c/a>, hinges on whether a local government can issue fines and jail people for camping on public property when there isn’t enough shelter available. The Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled this was cruel and unusual punishment. Opponents appealed that ruling to the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the most important case about homelessness in at least 40 years,” said Jesse Rabinowitz of the Homelessness Law Center. “This will either make it easier for cities to punish people for sleeping outside … or it will push cities to fund actual solutions to homelessness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As homelessness spikes, cities and states seek tools to help them clean up their streets. In California and around the country, officials are turning to camping bans, encampment sweeps and other policies that target unhoused people to reduce visible homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in San Francisco, where there’s an ongoing lawsuit over the city’s encampment sweeps, a district court magistrate relied on the Ninth Circuit’s ruling in this case for an injunction restricting camp clearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This judicial intervention has harmed both San Francisco’s housed and unhoused populations by causing obstructed and inaccessible sidewalks, unsafe encampments, and fewer unhoused people to accept services,” San Francisco City Attorney David Chiu told the Supreme Court in a brief encouraging the justices to take up the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about the Grants Pass case:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Background\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2018, lawyers filed suit against the small city of Grants Pass, Oregon, on behalf of unhoused residents, arguing it was unconstitutional to cite and arrest people for sleeping outside in the absence of any viable alternative for shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were \u003ca href=\"https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2024/04/with-oregon-homelessness-case-headed-to-supreme-court-spotlight-falls-on-portland-lawyer-unhoused-people-in-grants-pass.html\">ticketed, fined\u003c/a>, arrested and jailed for living outside in Grants Pass with as little as a blanket or a tarp to survive,” said Ed Johnson, litigation director at The Oregon Law Center, who filed the suit, noting that the city has a shortage of affordable housing and shelter space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11816673\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11816673\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Tents line a gravel sidewalk off Fulton Street near City Hall on May 5, 2020. On Wednesday, city staffers started drawing out socially distant spaces with chalk on the street for the tents to stay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43046_018_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tents line a gravel sidewalk off Fulton Street near City Hall on May 5, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The federal district court in Medford, Oregon, sided with them. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, whose jurisdiction covers nine western states, later upheld that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Grants Pass then asked the Supreme Court to review the appellate court’s decision. Officials across the political map, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-175/280288/20230922163648635_Amicus%20Brief%20for%20Governor%20Newsom%20-%20Grants%20Pass_Final.pdf\">Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/a>, the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco and a group of \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-175/280428/20230925170042238_No%2023-175_AmicusBrief.pdf\">20 conservative-led states,\u003c/a> also asked SCOTUS to take up the case, saying lower court rulings have tied their hands when it comes to addressing homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This case is closely related to another major homelessness case, Martin v. Boise, in which the Ninth Circuit ruled in 2018 that unhoused people can’t be punished for sleeping outside on public property in the absence of adequate alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grants Pass case relies on that precedent, and some see it as going even further because it applies to civil penalties, not just criminal ones. The city has asked the justices to take on the central issue at play in both cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the impacts of this ruling could depend on which particular issues the court chooses to take up and how narrowly it rules. However, many observers believe the court’s decision will encompass both the Boise and Grants Pass rulings.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Arguments in opposition: Cities should be able to clear encampments, issue citations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The city of Grants Pass argues the previous rulings in this case are a roadblock to addressing the homelessness crisis and that fines and short jail stints for camping on public property don’t violate the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their brief, lawyers for the city defend the city’s policies, explaining that base fines for violating the camping ordinance are $295 and repeat offenders can face criminal trespass charges, punishable by 30 days in jail and $1,250 in fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949350\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11949350\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view of a homeless encampment with trailers, tents and people's belongings scattered about underneath a freeway overpass.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A compound seen from above after damage from a nearby fire at the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on Sept. 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Those punishments are neither ‘cruel’ nor ‘unusual’ in any ordinary sense of those words,” they write. “For centuries, fines and imprisonment have been the default methods of punishing criminal offenses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They argue the courts have overstepped, stripping local governments of “traditional police powers.” Grants Pass, along with other cities and opponents of the Ninth Circuit’s ruling, agrees, arguing the ruling and related cases are unclear and have been interpreted too broadly — for instance, to essentially require cities to build enough shelter for every unhoused person — making them impractical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upshot, they say, is rising homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Encampments have multiplied unchecked throughout the West because generally applicable restrictions on public camping no longer play their critical deterrent role,” they write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their briefings, Chiu and lawyers representing Newsom made similar arguments.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Arguments in support: Encampment bans are ‘cruel and unusual punishment’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Attorneys and advocates for the unhoused Grants Pass residents say the lower court rulings are far narrower than cities claim. They argue the rulings do give cities leeway to regulate encampments and even clear them — but not to ban camps outright.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs’ attorneys argue punishing people living on the streets will not solve homelessness — only make it worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983521\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/015_KQED_SanFrancisco_TentEncampments_05052020_qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man sits at a tent encampment where he currently lives on Fulton Street near City Hall on April 5, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If our Bill of Rights is to mean anything, it must mean that governments cannot fine, arrest and incarcerate those who have nowhere else to go,” Johnson said. “We should and we must expect better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for people experiencing homelessness also argue camping bans and similar policies are expensive and ineffective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Relying on jails and tickets to respond to homelessness pushes our neighbors deeper into poverty and makes it harder for them to secure jobs and housing,” Rabinowitz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates further argue that camping bans and similar policies are bad for people’s health because they disrupt connections to health care and supportive services, erode trust in law enforcement and create additional obstacles to finding housing and employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have criminal records created by these practices,” said Donald Whitehead, executive director of the National Coalition for the Homeless. “They do not end homelessness; the person after they are arrested, fined and jailed still are living outside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who’s weighing in?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>More than 80 amicus briefs have been filed in the case, about evenly split in their support for the two parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siding with the city of Grants Pass, the attorneys general of 24 conservative states \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.gov%2FDocketPDF%2F23%2F23-175%2F302093%2F20240301172330264_44869%2520pdf%2520Considine.pdf\">argue the decision\u003c/a> “infringes their sovereign authority over homelessness policy and criminal law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11133746\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11133746\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS13835_mission_camp_for_web-800x546.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless encampment in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"546\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless encampment in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Eric Lawson/San Francisco Public Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They write, “The Ninth Circuit cannot solve homelessness, and it should not try. It is states and localities that have the local knowledge needed to address the problem, and it is states and localities that ultimately bear the costs of homelessness and of homeless policy. It should be states and localities that make the decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California sheriffs and police associations, along with the California State Association of Counties and the League of California Cities, and national conservative legal groups like the Cicero Institute are among those weighing in on behalf of Grants Pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The groups backing the city’s unhoused residents include the ACLU and other national human rights groups, along with “57 Social Scientists with Published Research on Homelessness” and several California-based nonprofits, including the Western Regional Advocacy Project and Advocates for Empowerment CA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.gov%2FDocketPDF%2F23%2F23-175%2F306693%2F20240403164735760_APA%2520et%2520al.%2520amicus%2520brief%2520-%2520Grants%2520Pass%2520v.%2520Johnson%2520-%2520No.%252023-175.pdf\">their brief\u003c/a>, the American Psychiatric Association and several other mental health groups argue criminalizing homelessness can worsen physical and mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People with mental illness experiencing homelessness already face various barriers to accessing mental health treatment; incarceration exacerbates these barriers,” the brief reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parties, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-175/302264/20240304183726571_23-175npUnitedStates.pdf\">Biden administration\u003c/a>, Newsom and Chiu, don’t back either party. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcityattorney.org/2024/03/01/san-francisco-files-amicus-brief-with-u-s-supreme-court-in-grants-pass/\">In a statement,\u003c/a> Chiu said it doesn’t make sense to “punish status or criminally prosecute homeless individuals for being homeless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But, the Ninth Circuit in Grants Pass went well beyond that central idea and misapplied the law,” Chiu continued. “It has left cities like San Francisco without the necessary tools to compassionately address homelessness and ensure our streets and public spaces are safe and accessible to all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Possible outcomes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One option is for the justices to uphold the lower courts’ rulings that criminalizing behaviors like sleeping, lying down and sitting in public, when no alternative shelter is provided, violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternatively, the court could overturn that precedent, giving cities the green light to cite, arrest and jail people for sleeping in public, regardless of whether or not there’s shelter available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983526\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983526\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/003_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_08182022_qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An unhoused individual sorts through his belongings to decide what he would take to a storage space and what would be disposed of by CalTrans at the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on Aug. 18, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a 1962 case, Robinson v. California, the Supreme Court ruled it was unconstitutional to punish someone for being a drug addict — a “status” rather than an “act.” Sunita Patel, faculty director of the UCLA Veterans Legal Clinic, said the court could decide to upend even this precedent. Patel represented the National Coalition on Homeless Veterans and other veterans service providers in their amicus brief before the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The worst case scenario for the plaintiffs and for unhoused folks is that the court takes this as broadly as they can, and they try to get rid of older precedent,” Patel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and other observers are wary the court will take on such “status offenses,” which would allow cities to criminalize people just for being homeless, she said, and have sweeping implications for civil liberties in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third option is for the court to take a middle road that limits the scope of the lower court rulings, said Ron Hochbaum, head of the University of the Pacific McGeorge Law School’s Homeless Advocacy Clinic and filed a brief in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the justices could require law enforcement or the courts to determine whether the unhoused person cited had access to shelter whenever a camping ban was enforced. Or, they could allow cities to ban public camping so long as those restrictions are limited to certain places. The U.S. Justice Department endorsed that approach in its amicus brief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s very little telling how the court will ultimately rule, Patel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This Supreme Court, in particular, is unpredictable,” she said. “We don’t know what they’re going to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What could it mean for California?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If the court sides with the city of Grants Pass, lawmakers could more aggressively enforce anti-camping laws already on the books or pass new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While advocates point out that cities have continued to clear encampments despite the rulings, Devon Kurtz of the Cicero Institute argues that the Ninth Circuit’s rulings in both Grants Pass and Martin v. Boise have had a chilling effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983527\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983527\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/092_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022_qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CalTrans workers move in to clear garbage from the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on Sept. 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s concern that if they were to enforce their camping ordinances, then they could be subject to litigation, and that’s true,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He thinks the most dramatic change could happen in small cities “that have been really, really reticent to enforce their camping ordinances of any variety out of fear that their insurance premiums are going to go through the roof if they start getting sued,” he said. “They might feel a little bit more confident in taking these steps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1011\">bipartisan bill\u003c/a> that would have made it easier to clear encampments and issue civil citations for sleeping on the streets died in the Legislature this year but is emblematic of the larger debate around how to respond to encampments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities like San Francisco and Los Angeles have said they’re not interested in aggressively jailing people, but they’re looking for clarity from the court about what constitutes “involuntary” homelessness and adequate shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Newsom said he was looking forward to arguments in the case, expressing hope that its resolution will allow for greater progress toward reducing homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is, to me, just about common sense — not about ideology,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1bHIqjIDhaGQPCtqalJxOPzYP-LHwzeCo9sFCIJl8RcE&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" width=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983492/how-a-pivotal-case-on-homelessness-could-redefine-policies-in-california-and-the-nation","authors":["11276"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_27626","news_4020","news_1775","news_1172"],"featImg":"news_11983495","label":"news_72"},"news_11972039":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11972039","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11972039","score":null,"sort":[1704837653000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-ban-on-flavored-tobacco-upheld-by-u-s-supreme-court","title":"California's Ban on Flavored Tobacco Upheld by US Supreme Court","publishDate":1704837653,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California’s Ban on Flavored Tobacco Upheld by US Supreme Court | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California is often at the cutting edge of public policy, so it isn’t rare that one of its laws ends up before the nation’s highest court. But that doesn’t always mean the more conservative U.S. Supreme Court is quick to throw out these laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday, for instance, the court decided, without comment, \u003cem>not\u003c/em> to hear a challenge from the tobacco industry to the state’s ban on flavored tobacco products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case stems from a 2020 law that \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2020/08/california-flavored-tobacco-ban/\">bans the sale of certain flavored tobacco products\u003c/a> and menthol cigarettes. The law was intended to protect kids and teens, who are often the targets of flavored tobacco ads and sometimes start with flavored tobacco products before becoming smokers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But quickly after the law was passed, tobacco companies funded and qualified a referendum to overturn the law. However, the results did not go in their favor as Californians easily \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-voter-guide-2022/propositions/prop-31-flavored-tobacco-ban/\">passed Proposition 31\u003c/a> in November 2022 and upheld the ban. Within days, R.J. Reynolds and other tobacco companies filed a lawsuit. They took\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/08/politics/supreme-court-leaves-californias-ban-on-flavored-cigarettes-in-place/\"> \u003c/a>it to the Supreme Court, arguing that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, not individual states, has the power to regulate cigarette sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, one case the Supreme Court \u003cem>will\u003c/em> consider concerns another pressing issue: housing. Today, the court is expected to hear oral arguments about the constitutionality of a “traffic impact mitigation fee” one resident, George Sheetz, had to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scotusblog.com/2024/01/latest-property-rights-fight-comes-before-justices/\">pay El Dorado County\u003c/a> to build a single-family home on his property. [aside label='More on California Law' tag='california-law']The case has major implications for developers who argue that impact fees such as the $23,000 levied against Sheetz are one of the reasons why it’s difficult \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2024-01-08/california-u-s-supreme-court-sheetz-el-dorado-county-permit-fees-traffic-mitigation#:~:text=Sheetz%20vs.%20County%20of%20El,and%20in%20many%20other%20states.\">to construct affordable housing in the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a reminder of recent Supreme Court decisions impacting California:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Animal welfare:\u003c/strong> Last May, the high court sided with California voters and upheld Prop. 12, which was approved in 2018 to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletters/whatmatters/2023/05/california-propositions-pigs/\">ban the sale of meat and egg products from farms\u003c/a> that do not raise their livestock, including pigs, in spaces that give the animals enough room to stand and turn around.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Conversion therapy:\u003c/strong> The Supreme Court also turned down an opportunity in December to hear a case regarding a Washington state law that prohibits licensed therapists from \u003ca href=\"https://www.scotusblog.com/2023/12/justices-wont-hear-conversion-therapy-case/\">practicing conversion therapy\u003c/a>. California is one of several states with similar bans, which some argue violates the First Amendment rights of free speech and free exercise of religion.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Concealed carry:\u003c/strong> With California’s ban on concealed weapons in most public places still tangled up in the courts, it’s unclear how the state will comply with the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2022/06/california-gun-laws-supreme-court/\">June 2022 Supreme Court ruling on concealed carry\u003c/a>. On Saturday, a panel of federal judges \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-concealed-carry-gun-law-appeal-7fcf523c22d7c72bd95abf73604df0ad\">upheld a former injunction\u003c/a>, preventing the ban from taking effect. Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/dvillasenorCA/status/1743808687687573799?s=20\">decried the decision\u003c/a>, saying it “puts the lives of Californians on the line.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The California law was intended to protect kids and teens, who are often the targets of flavored tobacco ads and sometimes start with flavored tobacco products before becoming smokers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704829845,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":507},"headData":{"title":"California's Ban on Flavored Tobacco Upheld by US Supreme Court | KQED","description":"The California law was intended to protect kids and teens, who are often the targets of flavored tobacco ads and sometimes start with flavored tobacco products before becoming smokers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California's Ban on Flavored Tobacco Upheld by US Supreme Court","datePublished":"2024-01-09T22:00:53.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-09T19:50:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/lynn-la/\">Lynn La\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11972039/californias-ban-on-flavored-tobacco-upheld-by-u-s-supreme-court","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is often at the cutting edge of public policy, so it isn’t rare that one of its laws ends up before the nation’s highest court. But that doesn’t always mean the more conservative U.S. Supreme Court is quick to throw out these laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday, for instance, the court decided, without comment, \u003cem>not\u003c/em> to hear a challenge from the tobacco industry to the state’s ban on flavored tobacco products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case stems from a 2020 law that \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2020/08/california-flavored-tobacco-ban/\">bans the sale of certain flavored tobacco products\u003c/a> and menthol cigarettes. The law was intended to protect kids and teens, who are often the targets of flavored tobacco ads and sometimes start with flavored tobacco products before becoming smokers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But quickly after the law was passed, tobacco companies funded and qualified a referendum to overturn the law. However, the results did not go in their favor as Californians easily \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-voter-guide-2022/propositions/prop-31-flavored-tobacco-ban/\">passed Proposition 31\u003c/a> in November 2022 and upheld the ban. Within days, R.J. Reynolds and other tobacco companies filed a lawsuit. They took\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/08/politics/supreme-court-leaves-californias-ban-on-flavored-cigarettes-in-place/\"> \u003c/a>it to the Supreme Court, arguing that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, not individual states, has the power to regulate cigarette sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, one case the Supreme Court \u003cem>will\u003c/em> consider concerns another pressing issue: housing. Today, the court is expected to hear oral arguments about the constitutionality of a “traffic impact mitigation fee” one resident, George Sheetz, had to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scotusblog.com/2024/01/latest-property-rights-fight-comes-before-justices/\">pay El Dorado County\u003c/a> to build a single-family home on his property. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on California Law ","tag":"california-law"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The case has major implications for developers who argue that impact fees such as the $23,000 levied against Sheetz are one of the reasons why it’s difficult \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2024-01-08/california-u-s-supreme-court-sheetz-el-dorado-county-permit-fees-traffic-mitigation#:~:text=Sheetz%20vs.%20County%20of%20El,and%20in%20many%20other%20states.\">to construct affordable housing in the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a reminder of recent Supreme Court decisions impacting California:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Animal welfare:\u003c/strong> Last May, the high court sided with California voters and upheld Prop. 12, which was approved in 2018 to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletters/whatmatters/2023/05/california-propositions-pigs/\">ban the sale of meat and egg products from farms\u003c/a> that do not raise their livestock, including pigs, in spaces that give the animals enough room to stand and turn around.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Conversion therapy:\u003c/strong> The Supreme Court also turned down an opportunity in December to hear a case regarding a Washington state law that prohibits licensed therapists from \u003ca href=\"https://www.scotusblog.com/2023/12/justices-wont-hear-conversion-therapy-case/\">practicing conversion therapy\u003c/a>. California is one of several states with similar bans, which some argue violates the First Amendment rights of free speech and free exercise of religion.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Concealed carry:\u003c/strong> With California’s ban on concealed weapons in most public places still tangled up in the courts, it’s unclear how the state will comply with the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2022/06/california-gun-laws-supreme-court/\">June 2022 Supreme Court ruling on concealed carry\u003c/a>. On Saturday, a panel of federal judges \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-concealed-carry-gun-law-appeal-7fcf523c22d7c72bd95abf73604df0ad\">upheld a former injunction\u003c/a>, preventing the ban from taking effect. Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/dvillasenorCA/status/1743808687687573799?s=20\">decried the decision\u003c/a>, saying it “puts the lives of Californians on the line.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11972039/californias-ban-on-flavored-tobacco-upheld-by-u-s-supreme-court","authors":["byline_news_11972039"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_30069","news_22307","news_27626","news_23477","news_18543","news_2629","news_2314","news_1172"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11972052","label":"source_news_11972039"},"news_11969069":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11969069","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11969069","score":null,"sort":[1701865851000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"supreme-court-reviews-case-with-potential-tax-code-disruption-experts-warn","title":"Supreme Court Reviews Case with Potential Tax Code Disruption, Experts Warn","publishDate":1701865851,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Supreme Court Reviews Case with Potential Tax Code Disruption, Experts Warn | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court hears arguments on Tuesday in an obscure tax case with potentially trillions of dollars in tax consequences for the federal budget. It is a case that has tax law specialists both gobsmacked and alarmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The words of the 16th Amendment to the Constitution do not roll off the tongue. Enacted in 1913, it says: “Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reality, the amendment was passed to reverse a Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/157/429/\">decision \u003c/a>that basically had made it impossible to have a federal income tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Trump tax cuts at the heart of the case\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The operative understanding of what the amendment has meant for more than a century is now being challenged by Charles and Kathleen Moore. Backed by anti-regulatory groups, they are specifically challenging a provision in then-President Donald Trump’s huge \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/20/572157392/gop-poised-for-tax-victory-after-a-brief-delay\">2017 corporate tax cut,\u003c/a> a provision that helps pay for some of those tax cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Moores contend that they have never actually made money from their foreign investment in an Indian company. Yes, they concede their investment has increased in value by well over a half-million dollars. But, they maintain that because they have not yet received any actual money, they are being unconstitutionally taxed on unrealized income. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Paul Ryan, Republican, who shepherded the 2017 tax law through the House\"]‘I’m not for a wealth tax, but I think if you use this as an argument to spike a wealth tax, you’re going to basically get rid of … a third of the tax code.’[/pullquote]Some of the facts the Moores have put forth are disputed, but importantly, the case is widely viewed by advocates on both sides as a preventive strike against any wealth tax of the kind proposed by Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass. Not that anyone thinks such a tax has any chance of passing in Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, if the Moores were to win, the federal government could be forced to pay back billions of dollars in corporate tax collections, and the effects of many other tax provisions could be profound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former House Speaker Paul Ryan, a Republican, shepherded the 2017 tax law through the House, including the provision before the Supreme Court on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a person who drafted that … the goal was to finance a conversion from one system to another,” Ryan \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WVWirDCT08&t=1145s\">says\u003c/a>. “I’m not for a wealth tax, but I think if you use this as an argument to spike a wealth tax, you’re going to basically get rid of … a third of the tax code.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The background to the arguments\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Moores are portrayed as sympathetic plaintiffs in Supreme Court briefs and a video posted on the webpage of the anti-regulatory Competitive Enterprise Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Moore described how he invested $40,000 in his friend Ravi Agrawal’s power tool business in India 18 years ago, an investment now worth more than $500,000. “If Indian farmers could be made more productive by bringing power tools to them that are suitable for their types of farms, that would be great,” Moore says in the posted interview on the CEI website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the Moores describe the couple as playing no active role in the company. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.taxnotes.com/featured-news/records-show-moores-interest-transition-tax-company-changed/2023/10/10/7hg74\">documents \u003c/a>disclosed by the publication Tax Notes show that Charles Moore was far more involved in the company’s management than he suggested. \u003ca href=\"https://www.taxnotes.com/featured-news/records-show-moores-interest-transition-tax-company-changed/2023/10/10/7hg74\">Records \u003c/a>show he served on the board of the company for five years between 2012 and 2017, that he was reimbursed for thousands of dollars in travel expenses to and from India, and that he provided the company short-term infusions of cash that were never used, but repaid with interest 60 days later with 12% interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George Callas, who served for 15 years as a Republican staffer for tax-writing committees in Congress, sees all this as suspicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why would you loan a company money for 60 days, have it sit in a bank account, never be used, and then repay it with a big interest rate unless you were just trying to find a way to get money out of the company without calling it that?” Callas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this gets to the critical question posed by the Moores and their objection to paying a one-time $15,000 tax on an investment that is now worth more than 15 times its original value.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why the tax was levied\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The tax was imposed by Congress as a one-time payment to cover the transfer from one international tax rule to another. Under the old system, if you earned foreign income overseas in a foreign corporation that you owned, you wouldn’t have to pay taxes on those earnings until you brought the profits back to the United States. Congress saw that as a perverse incentive to keep profits offshore, and by some estimates, there was as much as $3 trillion in shielded offshore profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to move to a new system, the idea was that a one-time transition tax at a low rate, was needed. For the Moores, their one-time tax was $15,000, coincidentally roughly the amount Charles Moore was reimbursed for travel expenses. The Moores paid the tax and then challenged it in court as unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They never saw income. It never hit their bank account. They never got cash. They never got a check,” says Ilya Shapiro of the Manhattan Institute, who wrote a brief siding with the Moores in the case. “Their stake in the company increased, but they did not get any income.” Although the value of the Moores’ investment has grown, he contends, they “have never seen a red cent from this investment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Callas, who, with Speaker Ryan, drafted and steered the 2017 tax bill through the Republican House, says the Moores’ tax \u003cem>is \u003c/em>realized income in just the same way that real estate and other business partnerships are taxed, whether or not the income is distributed. Similarly, he says Congress has, over time, used various devices to prevent corporations from setting up what are called corporate pocketbooks to escape paying taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So in the international context, I’m going to set up a corporation in the Cayman Islands … and I’m going to contribute money, capital to it, and that corporation is going to make investments around the world … and as long as the profit stays in my Cayman subsidiary, I would never have to pay any tax. So, we have something in the tax code that Congress enacted in 1962 … that prevents that,” Callas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Broader impact of a ruling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In other words, it’s not just the Moores’ one-time tax at risk in this case. Remember, this is a tax that is expected to yield $340 billion by 2027 from mainly huge corporations, and the lion’s share of those taxes have already been collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, various \u003cem>other\u003c/em> tax regimes have been enacted to prevent tax dodges by the rich, and those too could be at risk, according to Callas. In the Moores’ case, they owned 11% of the Indian company, and under federal law, that is considered a controlling interest, meaning the owners have influence over the timing of any distributions and dividends, a leverage that Congress wanted to rein in to prevent tax avoidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not the Supreme Court’s job to second-guess Congress on exactly what percentage of ownership should constitute control,” Callas says. “That’s not their job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And tax law experts, from liberal to conservative, warn that if the Supreme Court were to strike down the tax provision, the effects would be disastrous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chye-Ching Huang, director of the NYU Tax Law Center, says, “It would be chaos, and we would be facing a tsunami of tax litigation over years and decades trying to sort through the rubble of this.” [aside label='More Stories on Taxes' tag='taxes']The justices “are not playing with fire,” Callas says. They are playing with “enriched uranium,” and they don’t even know they could “blow up large portions of the tax code.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, a phalanx of conservative, anti-regulatory, and anti-tax groups is arrayed against the tax in Tuesday’s case, including the U.S. Chamber of Commerce — even though they supported the 2017 tax bill that included the provision before the Supreme Court on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That clearly alarms tax experts, including Callas, who served as Speaker Ryan’s chief tax counsel when the bill was negotiated and passed. He notes that at the request of the Chamber of Commerce and other stakeholders, House Republicans made many specific changes to the bill, but there was “no discussion” of any “constitutional vulnerability.” It was “purely a discussion of how to design the policy appropriately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Callas caustically observes, for the chamber and other stakeholders years later “to discover constitutional concerns that they didn’t raise before” strikes me as “opportunistic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A couple who owned a controlling interest in a foreign corporation argue that a controversial Trump-era tax is unconstitutional under the 16th Amendment.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1701888301,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1593},"headData":{"title":"Supreme Court Reviews Case with Potential Tax Code Disruption, Experts Warn | KQED","description":"A couple who owned a controlling interest in a foreign corporation argue that a controversial Trump-era tax is unconstitutional under the 16th Amendment.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Supreme Court Reviews Case with Potential Tax Code Disruption, Experts Warn","datePublished":"2023-12-06T12:30:51.000Z","dateModified":"2023-12-06T18:45:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org/","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Drew Angerer","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/2101289/nina-totenberg\">Nina Totenberg\u003c/a>\u003cbr> NPR News","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"1216859366","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1216859366&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/05/1216859366/supreme-court-tax-code?ft=nprml&f=1216859366","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 05 Dec 2023 13:20:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 05 Dec 2023 05:00:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 05 Dec 2023 13:20:56 -0500","nprAudio":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-191676894/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2023/12/20231205_me_supreme_court_hears_a_case_that_experts_say_could_wreak_havoc_on_the_tax_code.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1070&d=416&p=3&story=1216859366&ft=nprml&f=1216859366","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11217240967-a72c0b.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1070&d=416&p=3&story=1216859366&ft=nprml&f=1216859366","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11969069/supreme-court-reviews-case-with-potential-tax-code-disruption-experts-warn","audioUrl":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-191676894/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2023/12/20231205_me_supreme_court_hears_a_case_that_experts_say_could_wreak_havoc_on_the_tax_code.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1070&d=416&p=3&story=1216859366&ft=nprml&f=1216859366","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court hears arguments on Tuesday in an obscure tax case with potentially trillions of dollars in tax consequences for the federal budget. It is a case that has tax law specialists both gobsmacked and alarmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The words of the 16th Amendment to the Constitution do not roll off the tongue. Enacted in 1913, it says: “Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reality, the amendment was passed to reverse a Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/157/429/\">decision \u003c/a>that basically had made it impossible to have a federal income tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Trump tax cuts at the heart of the case\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The operative understanding of what the amendment has meant for more than a century is now being challenged by Charles and Kathleen Moore. Backed by anti-regulatory groups, they are specifically challenging a provision in then-President Donald Trump’s huge \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/20/572157392/gop-poised-for-tax-victory-after-a-brief-delay\">2017 corporate tax cut,\u003c/a> a provision that helps pay for some of those tax cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Moores contend that they have never actually made money from their foreign investment in an Indian company. Yes, they concede their investment has increased in value by well over a half-million dollars. But, they maintain that because they have not yet received any actual money, they are being unconstitutionally taxed on unrealized income. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I’m not for a wealth tax, but I think if you use this as an argument to spike a wealth tax, you’re going to basically get rid of … a third of the tax code.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Paul Ryan, Republican, who shepherded the 2017 tax law through the House","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some of the facts the Moores have put forth are disputed, but importantly, the case is widely viewed by advocates on both sides as a preventive strike against any wealth tax of the kind proposed by Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass. Not that anyone thinks such a tax has any chance of passing in Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, if the Moores were to win, the federal government could be forced to pay back billions of dollars in corporate tax collections, and the effects of many other tax provisions could be profound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former House Speaker Paul Ryan, a Republican, shepherded the 2017 tax law through the House, including the provision before the Supreme Court on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a person who drafted that … the goal was to finance a conversion from one system to another,” Ryan \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WVWirDCT08&t=1145s\">says\u003c/a>. “I’m not for a wealth tax, but I think if you use this as an argument to spike a wealth tax, you’re going to basically get rid of … a third of the tax code.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The background to the arguments\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Moores are portrayed as sympathetic plaintiffs in Supreme Court briefs and a video posted on the webpage of the anti-regulatory Competitive Enterprise Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Moore described how he invested $40,000 in his friend Ravi Agrawal’s power tool business in India 18 years ago, an investment now worth more than $500,000. “If Indian farmers could be made more productive by bringing power tools to them that are suitable for their types of farms, that would be great,” Moore says in the posted interview on the CEI website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the Moores describe the couple as playing no active role in the company. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.taxnotes.com/featured-news/records-show-moores-interest-transition-tax-company-changed/2023/10/10/7hg74\">documents \u003c/a>disclosed by the publication Tax Notes show that Charles Moore was far more involved in the company’s management than he suggested. \u003ca href=\"https://www.taxnotes.com/featured-news/records-show-moores-interest-transition-tax-company-changed/2023/10/10/7hg74\">Records \u003c/a>show he served on the board of the company for five years between 2012 and 2017, that he was reimbursed for thousands of dollars in travel expenses to and from India, and that he provided the company short-term infusions of cash that were never used, but repaid with interest 60 days later with 12% interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George Callas, who served for 15 years as a Republican staffer for tax-writing committees in Congress, sees all this as suspicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why would you loan a company money for 60 days, have it sit in a bank account, never be used, and then repay it with a big interest rate unless you were just trying to find a way to get money out of the company without calling it that?” Callas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this gets to the critical question posed by the Moores and their objection to paying a one-time $15,000 tax on an investment that is now worth more than 15 times its original value.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why the tax was levied\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The tax was imposed by Congress as a one-time payment to cover the transfer from one international tax rule to another. Under the old system, if you earned foreign income overseas in a foreign corporation that you owned, you wouldn’t have to pay taxes on those earnings until you brought the profits back to the United States. Congress saw that as a perverse incentive to keep profits offshore, and by some estimates, there was as much as $3 trillion in shielded offshore profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to move to a new system, the idea was that a one-time transition tax at a low rate, was needed. For the Moores, their one-time tax was $15,000, coincidentally roughly the amount Charles Moore was reimbursed for travel expenses. The Moores paid the tax and then challenged it in court as unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They never saw income. It never hit their bank account. They never got cash. They never got a check,” says Ilya Shapiro of the Manhattan Institute, who wrote a brief siding with the Moores in the case. “Their stake in the company increased, but they did not get any income.” Although the value of the Moores’ investment has grown, he contends, they “have never seen a red cent from this investment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Callas, who, with Speaker Ryan, drafted and steered the 2017 tax bill through the Republican House, says the Moores’ tax \u003cem>is \u003c/em>realized income in just the same way that real estate and other business partnerships are taxed, whether or not the income is distributed. Similarly, he says Congress has, over time, used various devices to prevent corporations from setting up what are called corporate pocketbooks to escape paying taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So in the international context, I’m going to set up a corporation in the Cayman Islands … and I’m going to contribute money, capital to it, and that corporation is going to make investments around the world … and as long as the profit stays in my Cayman subsidiary, I would never have to pay any tax. So, we have something in the tax code that Congress enacted in 1962 … that prevents that,” Callas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Broader impact of a ruling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In other words, it’s not just the Moores’ one-time tax at risk in this case. Remember, this is a tax that is expected to yield $340 billion by 2027 from mainly huge corporations, and the lion’s share of those taxes have already been collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, various \u003cem>other\u003c/em> tax regimes have been enacted to prevent tax dodges by the rich, and those too could be at risk, according to Callas. In the Moores’ case, they owned 11% of the Indian company, and under federal law, that is considered a controlling interest, meaning the owners have influence over the timing of any distributions and dividends, a leverage that Congress wanted to rein in to prevent tax avoidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not the Supreme Court’s job to second-guess Congress on exactly what percentage of ownership should constitute control,” Callas says. “That’s not their job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And tax law experts, from liberal to conservative, warn that if the Supreme Court were to strike down the tax provision, the effects would be disastrous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chye-Ching Huang, director of the NYU Tax Law Center, says, “It would be chaos, and we would be facing a tsunami of tax litigation over years and decades trying to sort through the rubble of this.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Stories on Taxes ","tag":"taxes"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The justices “are not playing with fire,” Callas says. They are playing with “enriched uranium,” and they don’t even know they could “blow up large portions of the tax code.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, a phalanx of conservative, anti-regulatory, and anti-tax groups is arrayed against the tax in Tuesday’s case, including the U.S. Chamber of Commerce — even though they supported the 2017 tax bill that included the provision before the Supreme Court on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That clearly alarms tax experts, including Callas, who served as Speaker Ryan’s chief tax counsel when the bill was negotiated and passed. He notes that at the request of the Chamber of Commerce and other stakeholders, House Republicans made many specific changes to the bill, but there was “no discussion” of any “constitutional vulnerability.” It was “purely a discussion of how to design the policy appropriately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Callas caustically observes, for the chamber and other stakeholders years later “to discover constitutional concerns that they didn’t raise before” strikes me as “opportunistic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11969069/supreme-court-reviews-case-with-potential-tax-code-disruption-experts-warn","authors":["byline_news_11969069"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_33601","news_25694","news_1172"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11969070","label":"source_news_11969069"},"news_11954709":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11954709","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11954709","score":null,"sort":[1688159087000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"timeline-a-heated-history-of-affirmative-action-in-america","title":"Timeline: A Heated History of Affirmative Action in America","publishDate":1688159087,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Timeline: A Heated History of Affirmative Action in America | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court’s conservative majority on Thursday \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/06/29/1181138066/affirmative-action-supreme-court-decision\">rejected race-conscious admission policies\u003c/a> at Harvard and the University of North Carolina, ruling them a violation of the Constitution’s guarantee of equal protection. The historic 6-3 decision is the latest word in a fierce protracted fight over affirmative action in university admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through the following interactive timeline — or read the full text below it — to learn about some of the key moments in a longstanding debacle over race, education and opportunity in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%\" align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1YOV0OL6r92HAnAG-TnHIuxP95AATV-WYQJYP2URD2d4&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2\" width=\"1200\" height=\"700\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch2>1954: Brown v. Board of Education\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court discredits the concept of “separate but equal,” ruling that segregation in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause under the 14th Amendment. The decision is vehemently opposed by segregationists, and it takes years before many segregated schools in the South are forced to integrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1961: JFK references ‘affirmative action’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>President John F. Kennedy issues an executive order mandating that projects financed with federal funds “take affirmative action” to ensure there is no racial bias in hiring and employment practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1964: Civil Rights Act\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the most sweeping piece of civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. The new law prohibits discrimination in various settings, including hotels, schools and government services. It prevents employers, labor unions and employment agencies from excluding applicants and customers on the basis of race, sex, color, religion or national origin. A commission is established to enforce the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1965: Johnson defines affirmative action\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a graduation speech at Howard University — a historically Black college — President Johnson insists it is not enough to just have laws that prohibit discrimination, arguing that more proactive measures are necessary. “You do not take a man who for years has been hobbled by chains, liberate him, bring him to the starting line of a race, saying, ‘You are free to compete with all the others,’ and still justly believe you have been completely fair,” he said. Later that year, Johnson issues a new executive order requiring government contractors to “take affirmative action” to ensure racial equality in hiring and employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1978: Racial quotas at University of California struck down\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the U.S. Supreme Court strikes down a UC policy that reserved admission slots for minority applicants, ruling it a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. The court says UC can continue to consider race and ethnicity as a factor in the admissions decision as long as it doesn’t have specific quotas in place. The case originated when Allan Bakke, a 33-year-old white student who was twice rejected from UC Davis Medical School, filed suit, claiming it was unfair that minority applicants with lower academic standing were accepted over him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1982: Racial hiring quotas mandated for Alabama state police\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 1970, a federal court ordered the Alabama Department of Public Safety — which hadn’t hired a single Black patrol officer in its 37-year history — to end “pervasive, systematic and obstinate discriminatory exclusion of blacks.” By 1982, after the department had failed to promote any Black employees above entry-level positions, the court orders a racial quota system be put in place until at least a quarter of the department’s upper ranks are minorities. The U.S. Supreme Court, in 1987, upholds the quota system, ruling it necessary in light of the department’s overt history of discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>March 1996: University of Texas Law School’s affirmative action policy struck down\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Hopwood v. Texas, a federal court rules that the school’s policy of lower admission thresholds for minority applicants is unconstitutional. The court rejects the defense’s argument that a diverse student body is a “compelling” interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>November 1996: California voters approve affirmative action ban\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Voters approve Prop 209, which amends the state’s constitution and prohibits state institutions, including public universities, from considering race, sex or ethnicity in admissions and hiring decisions. A federal district judge initially blocks enforcement of the proposition, but an appeals court overturns that ruling and allows the measure to proceed. It has since survived numerous legal challenges. Meanwhile, Black and Hispanic enrollment in the UC system dropped significantly after the ban took effect in 1998. Since then, eight other states have passed similar affirmative action bans, including Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Michigan, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Oklahoma and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2003: Split rulings on University of Michigan’s admissions policies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court rejects the university’s undergraduate admissions policy of awarding points to minority applicants, arguing that it’s too similar to a quota system. But in a separate ruling, the court upholds the law school’s policy of considering an applicant’s race in admissions decisions, which it deems a “compelling interest.” However, three years later, Michigan voters approve a statewide affirmative action ban that effectively invalidates the law school’s policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2014: Court upholds Michigan’s voter-approved affirmative action ban\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a major blow to affirmative action policies nationwide, the U.S. Supreme Court upholds a 2006 Michigan voter-approved ban on race-conscious admissions policies in public universities. The court argues that state voters should have the authority to determine this issue on their own, without the court intervening. While the decision doesn’t outlaw affirmative action policies in schools outside of Michigan, it gives other states the green light do so. In her impassioned dissent, Justice Sonia Sotomayor argues that the decision unconstitutionally infringes on the rights of minorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2016: High court narrowly upholds UT Austin’s race-conscious admissions policies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After her rejection from the University of Texas at Austin in 2008, Abigail Fisher, a white honor student, claimed she was unfairly denied admission because of her race. A federal court upheld the school’s race-conscious admissions policy. But in 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court sent the case back to the lower court for further review. In 2016, the high court again takes up the challenge to the university’s affirmative action policy, this time narrowly upholding it in a 4-3 decision, with now-retired Justice Anthony Kennedy casting the deciding vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>June 29, 2023: US Supreme Court rejects affirmative action in college admissions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a historic 6-3 decision, the court’s conservative majority struck down affirmative action admissions policies at Harvard and the University of North Carolina, effectively barring all public and private colleges from considering race in admissions decisions. Writing for the majority, Chief Justice John Roberts said considering an applicant’s race “cannot be reconciled with the guarantees of the Equal Protection Clause,” although he noted that the decision doesn’t prevent universities from “considering an applicant’s discussion of how race affected his or her life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a scathing dissent read from the bench, Justice Sonia Sotomayor accused the majority of “further entrenching racial inequality in education, the very foundation of our democratic government and pluralistic society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An interactive timeline detailing some of the key moments in a longstanding fight over race, education and opportunity in America.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1688159087,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":1217},"headData":{"title":"Timeline: A Heated History of Affirmative Action in America | KQED","description":"An interactive timeline detailing some of the key moments in a longstanding fight over race, education and opportunity in America.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Timeline: A Heated History of Affirmative Action in America","datePublished":"2023-06-30T21:04:47.000Z","dateModified":"2023-06-30T21:04:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11954709/timeline-a-heated-history-of-affirmative-action-in-america","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court’s conservative majority on Thursday \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/06/29/1181138066/affirmative-action-supreme-court-decision\">rejected race-conscious admission policies\u003c/a> at Harvard and the University of North Carolina, ruling them a violation of the Constitution’s guarantee of equal protection. The historic 6-3 decision is the latest word in a fierce protracted fight over affirmative action in university admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through the following interactive timeline — or read the full text below it — to learn about some of the key moments in a longstanding debacle over race, education and opportunity in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%\" align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1YOV0OL6r92HAnAG-TnHIuxP95AATV-WYQJYP2URD2d4&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2\" width=\"1200\" height=\"700\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch2>1954: Brown v. Board of Education\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court discredits the concept of “separate but equal,” ruling that segregation in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause under the 14th Amendment. The decision is vehemently opposed by segregationists, and it takes years before many segregated schools in the South are forced to integrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1961: JFK references ‘affirmative action’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>President John F. Kennedy issues an executive order mandating that projects financed with federal funds “take affirmative action” to ensure there is no racial bias in hiring and employment practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1964: Civil Rights Act\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the most sweeping piece of civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. The new law prohibits discrimination in various settings, including hotels, schools and government services. It prevents employers, labor unions and employment agencies from excluding applicants and customers on the basis of race, sex, color, religion or national origin. A commission is established to enforce the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1965: Johnson defines affirmative action\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a graduation speech at Howard University — a historically Black college — President Johnson insists it is not enough to just have laws that prohibit discrimination, arguing that more proactive measures are necessary. “You do not take a man who for years has been hobbled by chains, liberate him, bring him to the starting line of a race, saying, ‘You are free to compete with all the others,’ and still justly believe you have been completely fair,” he said. Later that year, Johnson issues a new executive order requiring government contractors to “take affirmative action” to ensure racial equality in hiring and employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1978: Racial quotas at University of California struck down\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the U.S. Supreme Court strikes down a UC policy that reserved admission slots for minority applicants, ruling it a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. The court says UC can continue to consider race and ethnicity as a factor in the admissions decision as long as it doesn’t have specific quotas in place. The case originated when Allan Bakke, a 33-year-old white student who was twice rejected from UC Davis Medical School, filed suit, claiming it was unfair that minority applicants with lower academic standing were accepted over him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1982: Racial hiring quotas mandated for Alabama state police\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 1970, a federal court ordered the Alabama Department of Public Safety — which hadn’t hired a single Black patrol officer in its 37-year history — to end “pervasive, systematic and obstinate discriminatory exclusion of blacks.” By 1982, after the department had failed to promote any Black employees above entry-level positions, the court orders a racial quota system be put in place until at least a quarter of the department’s upper ranks are minorities. The U.S. Supreme Court, in 1987, upholds the quota system, ruling it necessary in light of the department’s overt history of discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>March 1996: University of Texas Law School’s affirmative action policy struck down\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Hopwood v. Texas, a federal court rules that the school’s policy of lower admission thresholds for minority applicants is unconstitutional. The court rejects the defense’s argument that a diverse student body is a “compelling” interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>November 1996: California voters approve affirmative action ban\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Voters approve Prop 209, which amends the state’s constitution and prohibits state institutions, including public universities, from considering race, sex or ethnicity in admissions and hiring decisions. A federal district judge initially blocks enforcement of the proposition, but an appeals court overturns that ruling and allows the measure to proceed. It has since survived numerous legal challenges. Meanwhile, Black and Hispanic enrollment in the UC system dropped significantly after the ban took effect in 1998. Since then, eight other states have passed similar affirmative action bans, including Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Michigan, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Oklahoma and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2003: Split rulings on University of Michigan’s admissions policies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court rejects the university’s undergraduate admissions policy of awarding points to minority applicants, arguing that it’s too similar to a quota system. But in a separate ruling, the court upholds the law school’s policy of considering an applicant’s race in admissions decisions, which it deems a “compelling interest.” However, three years later, Michigan voters approve a statewide affirmative action ban that effectively invalidates the law school’s policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2014: Court upholds Michigan’s voter-approved affirmative action ban\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a major blow to affirmative action policies nationwide, the U.S. Supreme Court upholds a 2006 Michigan voter-approved ban on race-conscious admissions policies in public universities. The court argues that state voters should have the authority to determine this issue on their own, without the court intervening. While the decision doesn’t outlaw affirmative action policies in schools outside of Michigan, it gives other states the green light do so. In her impassioned dissent, Justice Sonia Sotomayor argues that the decision unconstitutionally infringes on the rights of minorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2016: High court narrowly upholds UT Austin’s race-conscious admissions policies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After her rejection from the University of Texas at Austin in 2008, Abigail Fisher, a white honor student, claimed she was unfairly denied admission because of her race. A federal court upheld the school’s race-conscious admissions policy. But in 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court sent the case back to the lower court for further review. In 2016, the high court again takes up the challenge to the university’s affirmative action policy, this time narrowly upholding it in a 4-3 decision, with now-retired Justice Anthony Kennedy casting the deciding vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>June 29, 2023: US Supreme Court rejects affirmative action in college admissions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a historic 6-3 decision, the court’s conservative majority struck down affirmative action admissions policies at Harvard and the University of North Carolina, effectively barring all public and private colleges from considering race in admissions decisions. Writing for the majority, Chief Justice John Roberts said considering an applicant’s race “cannot be reconciled with the guarantees of the Equal Protection Clause,” although he noted that the decision doesn’t prevent universities from “considering an applicant’s discussion of how race affected his or her life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a scathing dissent read from the bench, Justice Sonia Sotomayor accused the majority of “further entrenching racial inequality in education, the very foundation of our democratic government and pluralistic society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11954709/timeline-a-heated-history-of-affirmative-action-in-america","authors":["1263"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_1895","news_4750","news_22809","news_20219","news_1172"],"featImg":"news_11954608","label":"news"},"news_11954612":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11954612","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11954612","score":null,"sort":[1688079287000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"u-s-supreme-court-strikes-down-affirmative-action-barring-california-private-universities-from-considering-race-in-admissions","title":"US Supreme Court Strikes Down Affirmative Action, Barring California Private Universities From Considering Race in Admissions","publishDate":1688079287,"format":"standard","headTitle":"US Supreme Court Strikes Down Affirmative Action, Barring California Private Universities From Considering Race in Admissions | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/20-1199_hgdj.pdf\">U.S. Supreme Court ruling (PDF)\u003c/a> barring colleges from considering race in admissions effectively outlaws affirmative action at California’s private universities, broadly expanding a ban that had previously only applied to the state’s public campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Thursday’s 6-3 decision, the court’s conservative majority invalidated race-conscious admissions policies at Harvard University and the University of North Carolina, the nation’s oldest private and public colleges, respectively, finding them in violation of the Constitution’s guarantee of equal protection. The historic ruling overturns a spate of cases reaching back nearly half a century and will force the nation’s private and public universities to dramatically alter how they select their students.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Rev. Paul Fitzgerald, president, University of San Francisco\"]‘We’ve spent decades building out an academic program to welcome a student population that looks like the future of our nation. To be told now that we cannot use race as a particular factor is going to cause us to think very hard to figure out a way to continue our mission.’[/pullquote]Writing for the court’s majority, Chief Justice John Roberts said that for too long universities have “concluded, wrongly, that the touchstone of an individual’s identity is not challenges bested, skills built, or lessons learned but the color of their skin. Our constitutional history does not tolerate that choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The entire point of the Equal Protection Clause is that treating someone differently because of their skin color is not like treating them differently because they are from a city or from a suburb, or because they play the violin poorly or well,” Roberts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision, bringing a long-sought conservative goal to fruition, comes nearly 30 years after California voters \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/ballot/1996/prop209_11_1996.html\">passed Proposition 209\u003c/a>, which prohibited the state’s public universities — including those in the University of California and California State University systems — from considering race and gender in admissions and hiring decisions. But that law did not apply to the state’s private colleges, including University of San Francisco, Stanford and Santa Clara universities, who until now have continued to consider race as a factor in admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders of numerous private colleges across California were quick to denounce the court’s decision, calling it a major setback to efforts aimed at diversifying campuses and to expand opportunities for underrepresented student populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ruling is quite disturbing and really quite challenging to us,” said Rev. Paul Fitzgerald, president of the University of San Francisco. “We’ve spent decades building out an academic program to welcome a student population that looks like the future of our nation. To be told now that we cannot use race as a particular factor is going to cause us to think very hard to figure out a way to continue our mission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitzgerald noted his school has worked to draw communities that are historically underrepresented on college campuses, including outreach at high schools that serve primarily Black, Latino or Indigenous students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court’s ruling was the culmination of a lawsuit first brought against Harvard in 2014 when a group called Students for Fair Admissions argued the university’s consideration of race in admission decisions unfairly discriminated against Asian students. The group made a similar argument in its subsequent suit against the University of North Carolina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11954607\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-02-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11954607\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"People with the Asian American Coalition for Education rally outside of the Supreme Court of the United States in Washington, DC on June 29, 2023.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-02-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-02-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Asian American Coalition for Education, who oppose affirmative action in college admissions decisions, rally outside of the US Supreme Court in Washington, DC on June 29, 2023. \u003ccite>(Kent Nishimura/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stanford threw its support behind the school’s affirmative action policies, and last August submitted an amicus brief to the Supreme Court outlining how race is just one element the university considers when reviewing applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These factors, among numerous others and viewed in the context of the entire application, may sometimes shed light on the critical questions of a candidate’s ability to deal with adversity and make the most of the opportunities that the University offers,” Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/report/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/08/20-1199-21-707-MIT-et-al.-Amici-Brief.pdf\">brief (PDF)\u003c/a> reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to students and faculty on Thursday, Stanford President Marc Tessier-Lavigne said he was “deeply disappointed” by the court’s decision, arguing it would hinder his school’s efforts to build a more diverse student body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ability to consider race as one part of a holistic review of each applicant has helped to foster a campus environment at Stanford that is diverse in many ways, where people of varied backgrounds and experiences are able to learn from one another and contribute to the creation of knowledge,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of affirmative action bans, which have already been enacted to some degree in nine states — including California — say the practice is racially discriminatory and does little to increase economic mobility for the lowest-income students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But until now, the high court has consistently preserved race-conscious admission practices, upholding affirmative action in two separate challenges over the last 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That departure was underscored in Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson’s biting dissent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With let-them-eat-cake obliviousness, today, the majority pulls the ripcord and announces ‘colorblindness for all’ by legal fiat,” she wrote. “But deeming race irrelevant in law does not make it so in life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since banning affirmative action in 1996, the University of California has spent more than $500 million on programs aimed at recruiting and graduating lower-income students and students who are first in their family to attend college.[aside label=\"more on affirmative action\" tag=\"affirmative-action\"]The UC system also \u003ca href=\"https://admission.universityofcalifornia.edu/admission-requirements/freshman-requirements/california-residents/statewide-guarantee/\">started a program\u003c/a> that guarantees admission to the top 9% of students in each high school across the state, an attempt to attract strong students from diverse backgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those efforts have not had the success many had hoped for. By 1998, just two years after the state ban went into effect, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/01/us/black-and-hispanic-admissions-off-sharply-at-u-of-california.html\">Black and Hispanic enrollment fell dramatically at UC Berkeley and UCLA\u003c/a>, the system’s two most selective campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Particularly at UC’s most selective campuses, feelings of racial isolation persist and hinder UC’s efforts to provide the educational benefits of diversity,” the \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/20/20-1199/232355/20220801134931730_20-1199%20bsac%20University%20of%20California.pdf\">University of California wrote (PDF)\u003c/a> in a brief submitted to the Supreme Court, urging it to uphold affirmative action policies. “Second, UC’s student population at many of its campuses is now starkly different, demographically speaking, from the population of California high school graduates. That raises concerns that UC is not enrolling sufficient students with diverse perspectives, and that it will not be perceived as open to, and welcoming of, all students across the State — which in turn threatens its legitimacy in the eyes of citizens of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the court’s decision on Thursday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook-pm/2023/06/29/biden-slams-scotus-this-is-not-a-normal-court-00104223?tab=most-read\">President Joe Biden\u003c/a> and Gov. Gavin Newsom expressed similar concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right-wing activists — including those donning robes — are trying to take us back to the era of book bans and segregated campuses,” Newsom said in a press statement. “While the path to equal opportunity has now been narrowed for millions of students, no court case will ever shatter the California Dream. Our campus doors remain open for all who want to work hard — and our commitment to diversity, equity, and equal opportunity has never been stronger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a host of progressive organizations in California that focus on racial and economic justice for Asian Americans lambasted the decision as an attack on racial diversity and opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For Asian American students and all others, racially diverse student bodies both enhance their learning and foster understanding of each student’s lived experience,” Connie Chung Joe, CEO of Asian Americans Advancing Justice Southern California, said in a press statement. “In our ever-changing global economy and platform, we must continue to give all students the opportunity to fulfill their potential and shape a future built strong on our biggest asset — our diversity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And San Francisco City Attorney David Chiu said that affirmative action policies have helped people like him have opportunities that may not have otherwise been possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am an Asian American Harvard graduate, who would not be in a public policy career but for an affirmative action program,” Chiu said in a press statement following the decision Tuesday. We know that students at more diverse campuses benefit academically and socially.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court’s decision, he added, “is simply another attempt to roll back civil rights and the progress made in recent years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The decision, which comes nearly 30 years after California voters banned the state's public universities from considering race in admissions, effectively extends that ban to private colleges, including the University of San Francisco, Stanford and Santa Clara universities. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1688100571,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1480},"headData":{"title":"US Supreme Court Strikes Down Affirmative Action, Barring California Private Universities From Considering Race in Admissions | KQED","description":"The decision, which comes nearly 30 years after California voters banned the state's public universities from considering race in admissions, effectively extends that ban to private colleges, including the University of San Francisco, Stanford and Santa Clara universities. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"US Supreme Court Strikes Down Affirmative Action, Barring California Private Universities From Considering Race in Admissions","datePublished":"2023-06-29T22:54:47.000Z","dateModified":"2023-06-30T04:49:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11954612/u-s-supreme-court-strikes-down-affirmative-action-barring-california-private-universities-from-considering-race-in-admissions","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/20-1199_hgdj.pdf\">U.S. Supreme Court ruling (PDF)\u003c/a> barring colleges from considering race in admissions effectively outlaws affirmative action at California’s private universities, broadly expanding a ban that had previously only applied to the state’s public campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Thursday’s 6-3 decision, the court’s conservative majority invalidated race-conscious admissions policies at Harvard University and the University of North Carolina, the nation’s oldest private and public colleges, respectively, finding them in violation of the Constitution’s guarantee of equal protection. The historic ruling overturns a spate of cases reaching back nearly half a century and will force the nation’s private and public universities to dramatically alter how they select their students.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We’ve spent decades building out an academic program to welcome a student population that looks like the future of our nation. To be told now that we cannot use race as a particular factor is going to cause us to think very hard to figure out a way to continue our mission.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Rev. Paul Fitzgerald, president, University of San Francisco","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Writing for the court’s majority, Chief Justice John Roberts said that for too long universities have “concluded, wrongly, that the touchstone of an individual’s identity is not challenges bested, skills built, or lessons learned but the color of their skin. Our constitutional history does not tolerate that choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The entire point of the Equal Protection Clause is that treating someone differently because of their skin color is not like treating them differently because they are from a city or from a suburb, or because they play the violin poorly or well,” Roberts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision, bringing a long-sought conservative goal to fruition, comes nearly 30 years after California voters \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/ballot/1996/prop209_11_1996.html\">passed Proposition 209\u003c/a>, which prohibited the state’s public universities — including those in the University of California and California State University systems — from considering race and gender in admissions and hiring decisions. But that law did not apply to the state’s private colleges, including University of San Francisco, Stanford and Santa Clara universities, who until now have continued to consider race as a factor in admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders of numerous private colleges across California were quick to denounce the court’s decision, calling it a major setback to efforts aimed at diversifying campuses and to expand opportunities for underrepresented student populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ruling is quite disturbing and really quite challenging to us,” said Rev. Paul Fitzgerald, president of the University of San Francisco. “We’ve spent decades building out an academic program to welcome a student population that looks like the future of our nation. To be told now that we cannot use race as a particular factor is going to cause us to think very hard to figure out a way to continue our mission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitzgerald noted his school has worked to draw communities that are historically underrepresented on college campuses, including outreach at high schools that serve primarily Black, Latino or Indigenous students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court’s ruling was the culmination of a lawsuit first brought against Harvard in 2014 when a group called Students for Fair Admissions argued the university’s consideration of race in admission decisions unfairly discriminated against Asian students. The group made a similar argument in its subsequent suit against the University of North Carolina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11954607\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-02-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11954607\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"People with the Asian American Coalition for Education rally outside of the Supreme Court of the United States in Washington, DC on June 29, 2023.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-02-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230629-SCOTUS-AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION-GETTY-KN-02-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Asian American Coalition for Education, who oppose affirmative action in college admissions decisions, rally outside of the US Supreme Court in Washington, DC on June 29, 2023. \u003ccite>(Kent Nishimura/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stanford threw its support behind the school’s affirmative action policies, and last August submitted an amicus brief to the Supreme Court outlining how race is just one element the university considers when reviewing applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These factors, among numerous others and viewed in the context of the entire application, may sometimes shed light on the critical questions of a candidate’s ability to deal with adversity and make the most of the opportunities that the University offers,” Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/report/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/08/20-1199-21-707-MIT-et-al.-Amici-Brief.pdf\">brief (PDF)\u003c/a> reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to students and faculty on Thursday, Stanford President Marc Tessier-Lavigne said he was “deeply disappointed” by the court’s decision, arguing it would hinder his school’s efforts to build a more diverse student body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ability to consider race as one part of a holistic review of each applicant has helped to foster a campus environment at Stanford that is diverse in many ways, where people of varied backgrounds and experiences are able to learn from one another and contribute to the creation of knowledge,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of affirmative action bans, which have already been enacted to some degree in nine states — including California — say the practice is racially discriminatory and does little to increase economic mobility for the lowest-income students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But until now, the high court has consistently preserved race-conscious admission practices, upholding affirmative action in two separate challenges over the last 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That departure was underscored in Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson’s biting dissent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With let-them-eat-cake obliviousness, today, the majority pulls the ripcord and announces ‘colorblindness for all’ by legal fiat,” she wrote. “But deeming race irrelevant in law does not make it so in life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since banning affirmative action in 1996, the University of California has spent more than $500 million on programs aimed at recruiting and graduating lower-income students and students who are first in their family to attend college.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"more on affirmative action ","tag":"affirmative-action"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The UC system also \u003ca href=\"https://admission.universityofcalifornia.edu/admission-requirements/freshman-requirements/california-residents/statewide-guarantee/\">started a program\u003c/a> that guarantees admission to the top 9% of students in each high school across the state, an attempt to attract strong students from diverse backgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those efforts have not had the success many had hoped for. By 1998, just two years after the state ban went into effect, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/01/us/black-and-hispanic-admissions-off-sharply-at-u-of-california.html\">Black and Hispanic enrollment fell dramatically at UC Berkeley and UCLA\u003c/a>, the system’s two most selective campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Particularly at UC’s most selective campuses, feelings of racial isolation persist and hinder UC’s efforts to provide the educational benefits of diversity,” the \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/20/20-1199/232355/20220801134931730_20-1199%20bsac%20University%20of%20California.pdf\">University of California wrote (PDF)\u003c/a> in a brief submitted to the Supreme Court, urging it to uphold affirmative action policies. “Second, UC’s student population at many of its campuses is now starkly different, demographically speaking, from the population of California high school graduates. That raises concerns that UC is not enrolling sufficient students with diverse perspectives, and that it will not be perceived as open to, and welcoming of, all students across the State — which in turn threatens its legitimacy in the eyes of citizens of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the court’s decision on Thursday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook-pm/2023/06/29/biden-slams-scotus-this-is-not-a-normal-court-00104223?tab=most-read\">President Joe Biden\u003c/a> and Gov. Gavin Newsom expressed similar concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right-wing activists — including those donning robes — are trying to take us back to the era of book bans and segregated campuses,” Newsom said in a press statement. “While the path to equal opportunity has now been narrowed for millions of students, no court case will ever shatter the California Dream. Our campus doors remain open for all who want to work hard — and our commitment to diversity, equity, and equal opportunity has never been stronger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a host of progressive organizations in California that focus on racial and economic justice for Asian Americans lambasted the decision as an attack on racial diversity and opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For Asian American students and all others, racially diverse student bodies both enhance their learning and foster understanding of each student’s lived experience,” Connie Chung Joe, CEO of Asian Americans Advancing Justice Southern California, said in a press statement. “In our ever-changing global economy and platform, we must continue to give all students the opportunity to fulfill their potential and shape a future built strong on our biggest asset — our diversity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And San Francisco City Attorney David Chiu said that affirmative action policies have helped people like him have opportunities that may not have otherwise been possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am an Asian American Harvard graduate, who would not be in a public policy career but for an affirmative action program,” Chiu said in a press statement following the decision Tuesday. We know that students at more diverse campuses benefit academically and socially.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court’s decision, he added, “is simply another attempt to roll back civil rights and the progress made in recent years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11954612/u-s-supreme-court-strikes-down-affirmative-action-barring-california-private-universities-from-considering-race-in-admissions","authors":["11840"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_1895","news_28520","news_221","news_27626","news_1928","news_1172","news_206"],"featImg":"news_11954671","label":"news"},"news_11950795":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11950795","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11950795","score":null,"sort":[1685064193000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"supreme-court-sharply-limits-federal-governments-ability-to-police-pollution-into-certain-wetlands","title":"Supreme Court Sharply Limits Federal Government's Ability to Police Pollution Into Certain Wetlands","publishDate":1685064193,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Supreme Court Sharply Limits Federal Government’s Ability to Police Pollution Into Certain Wetlands | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/hub/us-supreme-court\">Supreme Court\u003c/a> on Thursday sharply \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/21-454_4g15.pdf\">limited the federal government’s authority to police water pollution (PDF)\u003c/a> into certain wetlands, the second decision in as many years in which a conservative majority narrowed the reach of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-politics-arizona-state-government-donald-trump-8d46b14c20cb0effcb52ace48220dcce\">environmental regulations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcome could threaten efforts to control flooding on the Mississippi River and protect the Chesapeake Bay, among many projects, wrote Justice Brett Kavanaugh, breaking with the other five conservatives. Environmental advocates said the decision would strip protections from tens of millions of acres of wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices boosted property rights over concerns about clean water in a ruling in favor of an \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/us-supreme-court-environment-lakes-pollution-water-pollution-31034c1d9df1a63cc0841b29ac7a3fe1\">Idaho couple\u003c/a> who sought to build a house near Priest Lake in the state’s panhandle. Chantell and Michael Sackett objected when federal officials identified a soggy portion of the property as a wetlands that required them to get a permit before filling it with rocks and soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By a 5–4 vote, the court said in an opinion by Justice Samuel Alito that wetlands can only be regulated under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act\">Clean Water Act\u003c/a> if they have a “continuous surface connection” to larger, regulated bodies of water. There is no such connection on the Sacketts’ property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California water officials say they are disappointed with the decision, but that the ruling doesn’t block California’s stronger environmental rules.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"President Joe Biden\"]‘The Supreme Court’s disappointing decision in Sackett v. EPA will take our country backwards.’[/pullquote]The Supreme Court ruled that the Clean Water Act only applies to wetlands with aboveground flow to main-stem rivers and other big bodies of water. California passed stronger environmental rules in 2019 protecting marshes that sit behind levees, dikes and dunes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the state is confident in its rules, Eric Buescher with Baykeeper says state law doesn’t require industry to report wetland pollution. “That self-identification is vital to communities knowing who is polluting or where pollution is occurring,” said Buescher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Water Act also allowed for citizens to bring lawsuits, whereas state laws do not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Joe Biden said the court’s decision defies science and undermines a law that has been used for a half-century to make American waters cleaner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Supreme Court’s disappointing decision in Sackett v. EPA will take our country backwards. It puts our Nation’s wetlands — and the rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds connected to them — at risk of pollution and destruction, jeopardizing the sources of clean water that millions of American families, farmers, and businesses rely on,” Biden said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court jettisoned the 17-year-old opinion by their former colleague, Anthony Kennedy, allowing regulation of what can be discharged into wetlands that could affect the health of the larger waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy’s opinion covering wetlands that have a “significant nexus” to larger bodies of water had been the standard for evaluating whether permits were required for discharges under the 1972 landmark environmental law. Opponents had objected that the standard was vague and unworkable.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1981358,news_11946410,news_11944710\"]Reacting to the decision, Manish Bapna, chief executive of the Natural Resources Defense Council, called on Congress to amend the Clean Water Act to restore wetlands protections and on states to strengthen their own laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Supreme Court ripped the heart out of the law we depend on to protect American waters and wetlands. The majority chose to protect polluters at the expense of healthy wetlands and waterways. This decision will cause incalculable harm. Communities across the country will pay the price,” Bapna said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcome almost certainly will affect ongoing court battles over \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-politics-arizona-state-government-donald-trump-8d46b14c20cb0effcb52ace48220dcce\">new water regulations, including for wetlands,\u003c/a> that the Biden administration put in place in December. Two federal judges have \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/clean-water-act-epa-wotus-89ec06b09016564b0d721a6de9a9efb0\">temporarily blocked those rules\u003c/a> from being enforced in 26 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/epa-biden-water-sackett-wotus-congress-senate-ec5a4b66376fdc9252f77575e29043ce\">Congress voted in March\u003c/a> to overturn the administration’s new water rule, and, even though President Joe Biden vetoed the measure, the prospect of legislative action to restore wetlands protections anytime soon is remote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of the Environmental Protection Agency, Michael S. Regan, credited the Clean Water Act with leading to “transformational progress” in cleaning up the nation’s waterways. “I am disappointed by today’s Supreme Court decision that erodes longstanding clean water protections,” Regan said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Damien Schiff, who represented the Sacketts at the Supreme Court, said the decision appropriately narrowed the reach of the law. “Courts now have a clear measuring stick for fairness and consistency by federal regulators. Today’s ruling is a profound win for property rights and the constitutional separation of powers,” Schiff said in a statement issued by the property rights-focused Pacific Legal Foundation.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Manish Bapna, chief executive, Natural Resources Defense Council\"]‘The Supreme Court ripped the heart out of the law we depend on to protect American waters and wetlands.’[/pullquote]In Thursday’s ruling, all nine justices agreed that the wetlands on the Sacketts’ property are not covered by the act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only five justices joined in the opinion that imposed a new test for evaluating when wetlands are covered by the Clean Water Act. Chief Justice John Roberts, Justice Clarence Thomas and Alito would have adopted the narrower standard in 2006, in the last big wetlands case at the Supreme Court. They were joined Thursday by Justices Neil Gorsuch and Amy Coney Barrett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanaugh and the court’s three liberal justices charged that their colleagues had rewritten that law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanaugh wrote that the court’s “new and overly narrow test may leave long-regulated and long-accepted-to-be regulable wetlands suddenly beyond the scope of the agencies’ regulatory authority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Elena Kagan wrote that the majority’s rewriting of the act was “an effort to cabin the anti-pollution actions Congress thought appropriate.” Kagan referenced last year’s decision limiting the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions under the Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases, she noted, the court had appointed “itself as the national decision-maker on environmental policy.” Kagan was joined in what she wrote by her liberal colleagues Sonia Sotomayor and Ketanji Brown Jackson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacketts paid $23,000 for a 0.63-acre lot near Priest Lake in 2005 and started building a three-bedroom home two years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They had filled part of the property, described in an appellate ruling as a “soggy residential lot,” with rocks and soil in preparation for construction, when officials with the EPA showed up and ordered a halt in the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also won an earlier round in their legal fight at the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal appeals court in San Francisco upheld the EPA’s determination in 2021, finding that part of the property, 300 feet from the lake and 30 feet from an unnamed waterway that flows into the lake, was wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacketts’ own consultant had similarly advised them years ago that their property contained wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting by KQED’s Kevin Stark.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A conservative majority narrowed the reach of environmental regulations for the second time in two years as the Supreme Court sharply limits the federal government's authority to police water pollution into certain wetlands.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1685071901,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1237},"headData":{"title":"Supreme Court Sharply Limits Federal Government's Ability to Police Pollution Into Certain Wetlands | KQED","description":"A conservative majority narrowed the reach of environmental regulations for the second time in two years as the Supreme Court sharply limits the federal government's authority to police water pollution into certain wetlands.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Supreme Court Sharply Limits Federal Government's Ability to Police Pollution Into Certain Wetlands","datePublished":"2023-05-26T01:23:13.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-26T03:31:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"nprByline":"Mark Sherman and Jessica Gresko\u003cbr>The Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11950795/supreme-court-sharply-limits-federal-governments-ability-to-police-pollution-into-certain-wetlands","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/hub/us-supreme-court\">Supreme Court\u003c/a> on Thursday sharply \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/21-454_4g15.pdf\">limited the federal government’s authority to police water pollution (PDF)\u003c/a> into certain wetlands, the second decision in as many years in which a conservative majority narrowed the reach of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-politics-arizona-state-government-donald-trump-8d46b14c20cb0effcb52ace48220dcce\">environmental regulations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcome could threaten efforts to control flooding on the Mississippi River and protect the Chesapeake Bay, among many projects, wrote Justice Brett Kavanaugh, breaking with the other five conservatives. Environmental advocates said the decision would strip protections from tens of millions of acres of wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices boosted property rights over concerns about clean water in a ruling in favor of an \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/us-supreme-court-environment-lakes-pollution-water-pollution-31034c1d9df1a63cc0841b29ac7a3fe1\">Idaho couple\u003c/a> who sought to build a house near Priest Lake in the state’s panhandle. Chantell and Michael Sackett objected when federal officials identified a soggy portion of the property as a wetlands that required them to get a permit before filling it with rocks and soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By a 5–4 vote, the court said in an opinion by Justice Samuel Alito that wetlands can only be regulated under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act\">Clean Water Act\u003c/a> if they have a “continuous surface connection” to larger, regulated bodies of water. There is no such connection on the Sacketts’ property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California water officials say they are disappointed with the decision, but that the ruling doesn’t block California’s stronger environmental rules.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The Supreme Court’s disappointing decision in Sackett v. EPA will take our country backwards.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"President Joe Biden","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Supreme Court ruled that the Clean Water Act only applies to wetlands with aboveground flow to main-stem rivers and other big bodies of water. California passed stronger environmental rules in 2019 protecting marshes that sit behind levees, dikes and dunes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the state is confident in its rules, Eric Buescher with Baykeeper says state law doesn’t require industry to report wetland pollution. “That self-identification is vital to communities knowing who is polluting or where pollution is occurring,” said Buescher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Water Act also allowed for citizens to bring lawsuits, whereas state laws do not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Joe Biden said the court’s decision defies science and undermines a law that has been used for a half-century to make American waters cleaner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Supreme Court’s disappointing decision in Sackett v. EPA will take our country backwards. It puts our Nation’s wetlands — and the rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds connected to them — at risk of pollution and destruction, jeopardizing the sources of clean water that millions of American families, farmers, and businesses rely on,” Biden said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court jettisoned the 17-year-old opinion by their former colleague, Anthony Kennedy, allowing regulation of what can be discharged into wetlands that could affect the health of the larger waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy’s opinion covering wetlands that have a “significant nexus” to larger bodies of water had been the standard for evaluating whether permits were required for discharges under the 1972 landmark environmental law. Opponents had objected that the standard was vague and unworkable.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"science_1981358,news_11946410,news_11944710"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Reacting to the decision, Manish Bapna, chief executive of the Natural Resources Defense Council, called on Congress to amend the Clean Water Act to restore wetlands protections and on states to strengthen their own laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Supreme Court ripped the heart out of the law we depend on to protect American waters and wetlands. The majority chose to protect polluters at the expense of healthy wetlands and waterways. This decision will cause incalculable harm. Communities across the country will pay the price,” Bapna said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcome almost certainly will affect ongoing court battles over \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/biden-politics-arizona-state-government-donald-trump-8d46b14c20cb0effcb52ace48220dcce\">new water regulations, including for wetlands,\u003c/a> that the Biden administration put in place in December. Two federal judges have \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/clean-water-act-epa-wotus-89ec06b09016564b0d721a6de9a9efb0\">temporarily blocked those rules\u003c/a> from being enforced in 26 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/epa-biden-water-sackett-wotus-congress-senate-ec5a4b66376fdc9252f77575e29043ce\">Congress voted in March\u003c/a> to overturn the administration’s new water rule, and, even though President Joe Biden vetoed the measure, the prospect of legislative action to restore wetlands protections anytime soon is remote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of the Environmental Protection Agency, Michael S. Regan, credited the Clean Water Act with leading to “transformational progress” in cleaning up the nation’s waterways. “I am disappointed by today’s Supreme Court decision that erodes longstanding clean water protections,” Regan said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Damien Schiff, who represented the Sacketts at the Supreme Court, said the decision appropriately narrowed the reach of the law. “Courts now have a clear measuring stick for fairness and consistency by federal regulators. Today’s ruling is a profound win for property rights and the constitutional separation of powers,” Schiff said in a statement issued by the property rights-focused Pacific Legal Foundation.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The Supreme Court ripped the heart out of the law we depend on to protect American waters and wetlands.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Manish Bapna, chief executive, Natural Resources Defense Council","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In Thursday’s ruling, all nine justices agreed that the wetlands on the Sacketts’ property are not covered by the act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only five justices joined in the opinion that imposed a new test for evaluating when wetlands are covered by the Clean Water Act. Chief Justice John Roberts, Justice Clarence Thomas and Alito would have adopted the narrower standard in 2006, in the last big wetlands case at the Supreme Court. They were joined Thursday by Justices Neil Gorsuch and Amy Coney Barrett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanaugh and the court’s three liberal justices charged that their colleagues had rewritten that law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanaugh wrote that the court’s “new and overly narrow test may leave long-regulated and long-accepted-to-be regulable wetlands suddenly beyond the scope of the agencies’ regulatory authority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Elena Kagan wrote that the majority’s rewriting of the act was “an effort to cabin the anti-pollution actions Congress thought appropriate.” Kagan referenced last year’s decision limiting the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions under the Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases, she noted, the court had appointed “itself as the national decision-maker on environmental policy.” Kagan was joined in what she wrote by her liberal colleagues Sonia Sotomayor and Ketanji Brown Jackson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacketts paid $23,000 for a 0.63-acre lot near Priest Lake in 2005 and started building a three-bedroom home two years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They had filled part of the property, described in an appellate ruling as a “soggy residential lot,” with rocks and soil in preparation for construction, when officials with the EPA showed up and ordered a halt in the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also won an earlier round in their legal fight at the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal appeals court in San Francisco upheld the EPA’s determination in 2021, finding that part of the property, 300 feet from the lake and 30 feet from an unnamed waterway that flows into the lake, was wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacketts’ own consultant had similarly advised them years ago that their property contained wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting by KQED’s Kevin Stark.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11950795/supreme-court-sharply-limits-federal-governments-ability-to-police-pollution-into-certain-wetlands","authors":["byline_news_11950795"],"categories":["news_19906","news_6188","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_24085","news_21506","news_1116","news_1172"],"featImg":"news_11950800","label":"news"},"news_11928967":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11928967","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11928967","score":null,"sort":[1665787621000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-supreme-court-is-slated-to-hear-a-major-affirmative-action-case-university-of-california-offers-a-cautionary-tale","title":"The Supreme Court Is Slated to Hear a Major Affirmative Action Case. University of California Offers a Cautionary Tale","publishDate":1665787621,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court is set to soon decide whether race-based programs in admissions are lawful. California, where voters banned affirmative action in 1996, has already been down that road, and University of California officials have asked the court to allow race-conscious admissions policies elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11844364,news_11844254,science_1970355\"]The proof of their need, officials and college access advocates say, is in UC’s series of failed efforts to increase diversity without affirmative action. The system’s latest attempt to make admissions more equitable was its high-profile decision to eliminate standardized test scores, but that too has so far had little impact in improving racial diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservative-leaning Supreme Court is scheduled to hear arguments on October 31 in two cases, against Harvard University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and could overturn a long-standing precedent allowing the consideration of race in college admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California voters in 1996 approved Proposition 209, which banned affirmative action in college admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC has since implemented a number of policies designed to increase diversity, from outreach efforts targeted at students from lower-income families to admission guarantees to more students. But while those policies improved geographic diversity and increased enrollment among students from lower-income families, they have failed to bring racial diversity that’s representative of the state to UC’s student body, \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/20/20-1199/232355/20220801134931730_20-1199%20bsac%20University%20of%20California.pdf\">UC acknowledged in an amicus brief\u003c/a> it filed with the Supreme Court this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC told the Supreme Court that “despite its extensive efforts, UC struggles to enroll a student body that is sufficiently racially diverse to attain the educational benefits of diversity. The shortfall is especially apparent at UC’s most selective campuses, where African American, Native American, and Latinx students are underrepresented and widely report struggling with feelings of racial isolation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s high school seniors in 2021 were 54% Latino and 5.4% Black. But that fall, UC’s incoming freshmen were 26% Latino and 4.4% Black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC concluded to the court that its decades-long experience with race-neutral admissions “demonstrates that highly competitive universities may not be able to achieve the benefits of student body diversity through race-neutral measures alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11928982\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/UCB_039-1200x750-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11928982\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/UCB_039-1200x750-1-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"college students in a study hall\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/UCB_039-1200x750-1-800x500.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/UCB_039-1200x750-1-1020x638.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/UCB_039-1200x750-1-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/UCB_039-1200x750-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of California at Berkeley students on campus in the Martin Luther King Jr. Student Union. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin/EdSource)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The university’s newest policy change — eliminating standardized tests — could be the latest evidence that even admissions policies that remove barriers can’t achieve racial diversity to the degree that affirmative action would. Critics of the SAT and ACT have said the tests are biased in favor of affluent, mostly white and Asian students with better access to test preparation, tutoring and the ability to take the exams multiple times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, the system of nine undergraduate campuses eliminated standardized tests in admissions, a decision that college access advocates hoped would result in higher enrollments of Black and Latino students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in fall 2021, the first term when incoming students weren’t required to take the SAT or ACT, UC enrolled roughly the same percentage of new Black and Latino students as it did in previous fall terms. Enrollment data for fall 2022 likely won’t be released until January, but UC admitted about the same proportion of Black and Latino students as it did last year. Since eliminating the tests, UC has seen a large spike in the number of Black and Latino students applying to the system, but more white and Asian students also have been applying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some UC officials say it shouldn’t be surprising that eliminating the tests hasn’t made a major difference in the racial makeup of UC students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s mostly because test scores were already a small part of admissions decisions, which considered 14 factors, said Michelle Whittingham, associate vice chancellor of enrollment management at UC Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think individuals all throughout the country and throughout the world that were watching the University of California kind of made an assumption that things drastically changed. And that’s not the case,” Whittingham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11928989\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1204097836.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11928989\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1204097836-800x527.jpg\" alt=\"students bicycle on a college campus\" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1204097836-800x527.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1204097836-1020x671.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1204097836-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1204097836.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students cycle past Kearney Hall on the campus of UC Davis. \u003ccite>(Nick Otto/The Washington Post)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the same time, officials note that test scores are just one barrier for underrepresented students. Access to supports like college counseling, Advanced Placement classes and small class sizes remain unequal across California and the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are cautioning, though, that it’s too early to draw conclusions because the system has been through only two admissions cycles without standardized tests and because there have been many other factors at play since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the amicus brief UC filed with the Supreme Court, the university wrote that it’s not yet clear what the impact of eliminating the tests will be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would hesitate to draw conclusions from any singular data point over the last two years. Combining the effects of the global pandemic, with all the various things that went on, and then with the SAT requirement changes on top of that, I think it’s going to take a while before any of that makes sense in context,” said Dale Leaman, executive director of undergraduate admissions at UC Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'A real dampening effect'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After Proposition 209 banned UC from considering race in admissions, “freshmen enrollees from underrepresented minority groups dropped precipitously at UC,” the system wrote in the brief it filed with the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was true for each of UC’s campuses, but especially at its most selective campuses: UCLA and UC Berkeley. At UCLA, for example, Black students made up 7.13% of the freshman class in 1995 but just 3.43% in 1998. The proportion of Latino students dropped from 21.58% to 10.45% over the same period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no question that when Prop. 209 passed, there was a real dampening effect on racial equity efforts,” said Audrey Dow, senior vice president at Campaign for College Opportunity, a group that advocates for better access to California universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Proposition 209 was approved by voters, UC has tried to increase diversity through several initiatives. The system has spent more than half a billion dollars implementing outreach programs, such as its \u003ca href=\"https://eaop.universityofcalifornia.edu/\">Early Academic Outreach Program\u003c/a> in which UC works directly with students from underserved high schools and helps them complete all admissions requirements and apply for financial aid. While those kinds of programs have helped UC enroll more students from lower-income families, they haven’t been as effective in enrolling higher percentages of Black and Latino students, according to the Supreme Court brief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11928992\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-513161022.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11928992\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-513161022-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Black students march on a college campus during a protest\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-513161022-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-513161022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-513161022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-513161022.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Black Student Union at UC Riverside march during a 2016 solidarity protest following the assault of an African American student at UC Davis by three white men. A recent amicus brief from the University of California system to the US Supreme Court stated that 'African American, Native American, and Latinx students are underrepresented and widely report struggling with feelings of racial isolation.' \u003ccite>(Marcus Yam/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2001, UC also implemented a local program that now guarantees admission somewhere in the system to California residents who are in the top 9% of their high school class. The program is a way to ensure that students at schools across the state have access to UC, and it has helped the system improve its geographic diversity. However, like the outreach programs, the local guarantees “have not substantially increased the racial diversity of students admitted to UC, and they have had little impact at the most selective campuses,” UC wrote in the brief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in 2001, UC introduced holistic review in admissions. The system went from primarily using grades and test scores to determine whether a student was admitted to, instead, using the 14 factors — now 13 with the elimination of test scores. Among the factors that UC now considers is the location of a student’s high school as well as a student’s accomplishments in light of special circumstances, such as whether the student comes from a lower-income family or is the first in their family to attend college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But UC acknowledged in its Supreme Court brief that holistic review “has not been sufficient to counteract the declines in diversity after Proposition 209.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California voters recently had a chance to reverse course and allow UC to consider affirmative action. Proposition 16, on the ballot in 2020, would have repealed Proposition 209, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2020/voters-appear-to-be-rejecting-proposition-16-to-restore-affirmative-action/642910\">but it was defeated\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Admissions without test scores\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before UC got rid of standardized tests from admissions decisions, admissions officials were already considering test scores “in context,” said Whittingham, from UC Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, if one applicant scored a 1,200 on the SAT and had the highest score at their school, that might be more impressive to application readers than an applicant who scored a 1,300 but went to a school where that score was only average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the critical piece,” Whittingham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may explain why UC’s freshman cohort that entered in fall 2021 didn’t look significantly different from previous fall cohorts. About 4.4% of the class were Black students, compared to 4.1% in fall 2020. The share of Latino students was 26%, compared to about 25% the previous year, and that slight uptick may be attributed at least partly to demographic changes in California’s high school students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whittingham added that she thinks there’s “potential” for the elimination of test scores to eventually lead to more enrollment of Black and Latino students, but she doesn’t expect it to be a dramatic change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dow of the Campaign for College Opportunity said that eliminating the SAT and ACT from admissions was a “huge signal to students that you have a spot, you are welcome at the University of California.” That’s why, Dow said, UC saw a huge increase in applications for fall 2021 admissions, when freshman applications were up by about 18%, which included large spikes in the number of Black and Latino students applying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dow added, however, that UC won’t see those application trends translate into enrollments unless it can significantly expand capacity. “There simply isn’t the capacity to fit everybody that is eligible and deserving of a seat,” Dow said. “I think as we figure out the capacity challenge, we will continue on the track of eliminating barriers to students of color to the UC.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11923270\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/GettyImages-1385201995-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11923270\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/GettyImages-1385201995-800x550.jpg\" alt=\"students walk through a plaza at UC Berkeley\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/GettyImages-1385201995-800x550.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/GettyImages-1385201995-1020x702.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/GettyImages-1385201995-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/GettyImages-1385201995-1536x1057.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/GettyImages-1385201995-2048x1409.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/GettyImages-1385201995-1920x1321.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People walk through Sproul Plaza on the UC Berkeley campus. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>UC has made it a priority to expand capacity and \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/uc-plans-to-expand-enrollment-with-more-online-summer-programs-and-more-transfer-students/675641\">plans to add another 23,000 students by 2030\u003c/a>. However, that could be challenging at some campuses, especially the most competitive ones like Berkeley, which already is overcrowded to the point that it turns away thousands of students from on-campus housing every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some UC officials are optimistic that eliminating the SAT and ACT will eventually translate to more enrollments of Black and Latino students. Leaman from UC Irvine as well as admissions officials with UC San Diego and UCLA told EdSource that they think it’s possible their campuses will see a higher percentage of those students enrolling in the coming years. That could be especially true if the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic lessen since Black and Latino students have been \u003ca href=\"https://latino.ucla.edu/research/fact-sheet-education-covid/\">more likely to have their educational plans disrupted\u003c/a> by the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that happens, it would be a divergence from UC’s past measures that have failed to increase racial diversity across the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its brief to the Supreme Court, UC wrote that its own experience demonstrates that universities need to “engage in limited consideration of race” in admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Such consideration remains justified by universities’ compelling interest in achieving the educational benefits of diversity — in bringing together young adults from all walks of life, who have had varying experiences informed by their localities, socioeconomic background, upbringing, and race, and instilling in them a capacity to appreciate each other’s viewpoints,” UC wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/as-supreme-court-considers-affirmative-action-case-university-of-california-offers-cautionary-tale/679692\">This story was originally published by EdSource.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As the court prepares to consider race-based admissions at Harvard University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the UC system says its efforts at increasing diversity without affirmative action have by and large failed.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1665787621,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":2087},"headData":{"title":"The Supreme Court Is Slated to Hear a Major Affirmative Action Case. University of California Offers a Cautionary Tale | KQED","description":"As the court prepares to consider race-based admissions at Harvard University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the UC system says its efforts at increasing diversity without affirmative action have by and large failed.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"The Supreme Court Is Slated to Hear a Major Affirmative Action Case. University of California Offers a Cautionary Tale","datePublished":"2022-10-14T22:47:01.000Z","dateModified":"2022-10-14T22:47:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11928967 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11928967","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/10/14/the-supreme-court-is-slated-to-hear-a-major-affirmative-action-case-university-of-california-offers-a-cautionary-tale/","disqusTitle":"The Supreme Court Is Slated to Hear a Major Affirmative Action Case. University of California Offers a Cautionary Tale","source":"EdSource","nprByline":"Michael Burke","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11928967/the-supreme-court-is-slated-to-hear-a-major-affirmative-action-case-university-of-california-offers-a-cautionary-tale","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court is set to soon decide whether race-based programs in admissions are lawful. California, where voters banned affirmative action in 1996, has already been down that road, and University of California officials have asked the court to allow race-conscious admissions policies elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11844364,news_11844254,science_1970355"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The proof of their need, officials and college access advocates say, is in UC’s series of failed efforts to increase diversity without affirmative action. The system’s latest attempt to make admissions more equitable was its high-profile decision to eliminate standardized test scores, but that too has so far had little impact in improving racial diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservative-leaning Supreme Court is scheduled to hear arguments on October 31 in two cases, against Harvard University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and could overturn a long-standing precedent allowing the consideration of race in college admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California voters in 1996 approved Proposition 209, which banned affirmative action in college admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC has since implemented a number of policies designed to increase diversity, from outreach efforts targeted at students from lower-income families to admission guarantees to more students. But while those policies improved geographic diversity and increased enrollment among students from lower-income families, they have failed to bring racial diversity that’s representative of the state to UC’s student body, \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/20/20-1199/232355/20220801134931730_20-1199%20bsac%20University%20of%20California.pdf\">UC acknowledged in an amicus brief\u003c/a> it filed with the Supreme Court this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC told the Supreme Court that “despite its extensive efforts, UC struggles to enroll a student body that is sufficiently racially diverse to attain the educational benefits of diversity. The shortfall is especially apparent at UC’s most selective campuses, where African American, Native American, and Latinx students are underrepresented and widely report struggling with feelings of racial isolation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s high school seniors in 2021 were 54% Latino and 5.4% Black. But that fall, UC’s incoming freshmen were 26% Latino and 4.4% Black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC concluded to the court that its decades-long experience with race-neutral admissions “demonstrates that highly competitive universities may not be able to achieve the benefits of student body diversity through race-neutral measures alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11928982\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/UCB_039-1200x750-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11928982\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/UCB_039-1200x750-1-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"college students in a study hall\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/UCB_039-1200x750-1-800x500.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/UCB_039-1200x750-1-1020x638.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/UCB_039-1200x750-1-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/UCB_039-1200x750-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of California at Berkeley students on campus in the Martin Luther King Jr. Student Union. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin/EdSource)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The university’s newest policy change — eliminating standardized tests — could be the latest evidence that even admissions policies that remove barriers can’t achieve racial diversity to the degree that affirmative action would. Critics of the SAT and ACT have said the tests are biased in favor of affluent, mostly white and Asian students with better access to test preparation, tutoring and the ability to take the exams multiple times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, the system of nine undergraduate campuses eliminated standardized tests in admissions, a decision that college access advocates hoped would result in higher enrollments of Black and Latino students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in fall 2021, the first term when incoming students weren’t required to take the SAT or ACT, UC enrolled roughly the same percentage of new Black and Latino students as it did in previous fall terms. Enrollment data for fall 2022 likely won’t be released until January, but UC admitted about the same proportion of Black and Latino students as it did last year. Since eliminating the tests, UC has seen a large spike in the number of Black and Latino students applying to the system, but more white and Asian students also have been applying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some UC officials say it shouldn’t be surprising that eliminating the tests hasn’t made a major difference in the racial makeup of UC students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s mostly because test scores were already a small part of admissions decisions, which considered 14 factors, said Michelle Whittingham, associate vice chancellor of enrollment management at UC Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think individuals all throughout the country and throughout the world that were watching the University of California kind of made an assumption that things drastically changed. And that’s not the case,” Whittingham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11928989\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1204097836.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11928989\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1204097836-800x527.jpg\" alt=\"students bicycle on a college campus\" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1204097836-800x527.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1204097836-1020x671.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1204097836-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1204097836.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students cycle past Kearney Hall on the campus of UC Davis. \u003ccite>(Nick Otto/The Washington Post)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the same time, officials note that test scores are just one barrier for underrepresented students. Access to supports like college counseling, Advanced Placement classes and small class sizes remain unequal across California and the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are cautioning, though, that it’s too early to draw conclusions because the system has been through only two admissions cycles without standardized tests and because there have been many other factors at play since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the amicus brief UC filed with the Supreme Court, the university wrote that it’s not yet clear what the impact of eliminating the tests will be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would hesitate to draw conclusions from any singular data point over the last two years. Combining the effects of the global pandemic, with all the various things that went on, and then with the SAT requirement changes on top of that, I think it’s going to take a while before any of that makes sense in context,” said Dale Leaman, executive director of undergraduate admissions at UC Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'A real dampening effect'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After Proposition 209 banned UC from considering race in admissions, “freshmen enrollees from underrepresented minority groups dropped precipitously at UC,” the system wrote in the brief it filed with the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was true for each of UC’s campuses, but especially at its most selective campuses: UCLA and UC Berkeley. At UCLA, for example, Black students made up 7.13% of the freshman class in 1995 but just 3.43% in 1998. The proportion of Latino students dropped from 21.58% to 10.45% over the same period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no question that when Prop. 209 passed, there was a real dampening effect on racial equity efforts,” said Audrey Dow, senior vice president at Campaign for College Opportunity, a group that advocates for better access to California universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Proposition 209 was approved by voters, UC has tried to increase diversity through several initiatives. The system has spent more than half a billion dollars implementing outreach programs, such as its \u003ca href=\"https://eaop.universityofcalifornia.edu/\">Early Academic Outreach Program\u003c/a> in which UC works directly with students from underserved high schools and helps them complete all admissions requirements and apply for financial aid. While those kinds of programs have helped UC enroll more students from lower-income families, they haven’t been as effective in enrolling higher percentages of Black and Latino students, according to the Supreme Court brief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11928992\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-513161022.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11928992\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-513161022-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Black students march on a college campus during a protest\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-513161022-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-513161022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-513161022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-513161022.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Black Student Union at UC Riverside march during a 2016 solidarity protest following the assault of an African American student at UC Davis by three white men. A recent amicus brief from the University of California system to the US Supreme Court stated that 'African American, Native American, and Latinx students are underrepresented and widely report struggling with feelings of racial isolation.' \u003ccite>(Marcus Yam/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2001, UC also implemented a local program that now guarantees admission somewhere in the system to California residents who are in the top 9% of their high school class. The program is a way to ensure that students at schools across the state have access to UC, and it has helped the system improve its geographic diversity. However, like the outreach programs, the local guarantees “have not substantially increased the racial diversity of students admitted to UC, and they have had little impact at the most selective campuses,” UC wrote in the brief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in 2001, UC introduced holistic review in admissions. The system went from primarily using grades and test scores to determine whether a student was admitted to, instead, using the 14 factors — now 13 with the elimination of test scores. Among the factors that UC now considers is the location of a student’s high school as well as a student’s accomplishments in light of special circumstances, such as whether the student comes from a lower-income family or is the first in their family to attend college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But UC acknowledged in its Supreme Court brief that holistic review “has not been sufficient to counteract the declines in diversity after Proposition 209.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California voters recently had a chance to reverse course and allow UC to consider affirmative action. Proposition 16, on the ballot in 2020, would have repealed Proposition 209, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2020/voters-appear-to-be-rejecting-proposition-16-to-restore-affirmative-action/642910\">but it was defeated\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Admissions without test scores\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before UC got rid of standardized tests from admissions decisions, admissions officials were already considering test scores “in context,” said Whittingham, from UC Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, if one applicant scored a 1,200 on the SAT and had the highest score at their school, that might be more impressive to application readers than an applicant who scored a 1,300 but went to a school where that score was only average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the critical piece,” Whittingham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may explain why UC’s freshman cohort that entered in fall 2021 didn’t look significantly different from previous fall cohorts. About 4.4% of the class were Black students, compared to 4.1% in fall 2020. The share of Latino students was 26%, compared to about 25% the previous year, and that slight uptick may be attributed at least partly to demographic changes in California’s high school students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whittingham added that she thinks there’s “potential” for the elimination of test scores to eventually lead to more enrollment of Black and Latino students, but she doesn’t expect it to be a dramatic change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dow of the Campaign for College Opportunity said that eliminating the SAT and ACT from admissions was a “huge signal to students that you have a spot, you are welcome at the University of California.” That’s why, Dow said, UC saw a huge increase in applications for fall 2021 admissions, when freshman applications were up by about 18%, which included large spikes in the number of Black and Latino students applying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dow added, however, that UC won’t see those application trends translate into enrollments unless it can significantly expand capacity. “There simply isn’t the capacity to fit everybody that is eligible and deserving of a seat,” Dow said. “I think as we figure out the capacity challenge, we will continue on the track of eliminating barriers to students of color to the UC.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11923270\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/GettyImages-1385201995-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11923270\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/GettyImages-1385201995-800x550.jpg\" alt=\"students walk through a plaza at UC Berkeley\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/GettyImages-1385201995-800x550.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/GettyImages-1385201995-1020x702.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/GettyImages-1385201995-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/GettyImages-1385201995-1536x1057.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/GettyImages-1385201995-2048x1409.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/GettyImages-1385201995-1920x1321.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People walk through Sproul Plaza on the UC Berkeley campus. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>UC has made it a priority to expand capacity and \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/uc-plans-to-expand-enrollment-with-more-online-summer-programs-and-more-transfer-students/675641\">plans to add another 23,000 students by 2030\u003c/a>. However, that could be challenging at some campuses, especially the most competitive ones like Berkeley, which already is overcrowded to the point that it turns away thousands of students from on-campus housing every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some UC officials are optimistic that eliminating the SAT and ACT will eventually translate to more enrollments of Black and Latino students. Leaman from UC Irvine as well as admissions officials with UC San Diego and UCLA told EdSource that they think it’s possible their campuses will see a higher percentage of those students enrolling in the coming years. That could be especially true if the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic lessen since Black and Latino students have been \u003ca href=\"https://latino.ucla.edu/research/fact-sheet-education-covid/\">more likely to have their educational plans disrupted\u003c/a> by the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that happens, it would be a divergence from UC’s past measures that have failed to increase racial diversity across the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its brief to the Supreme Court, UC wrote that its own experience demonstrates that universities need to “engage in limited consideration of race” in admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Such consideration remains justified by universities’ compelling interest in achieving the educational benefits of diversity — in bringing together young adults from all walks of life, who have had varying experiences informed by their localities, socioeconomic background, upbringing, and race, and instilling in them a capacity to appreciate each other’s viewpoints,” UC wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/as-supreme-court-considers-affirmative-action-case-university-of-california-offers-cautionary-tale/679692\">This story was originally published by EdSource.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11928967/the-supreme-court-is-slated-to-hear-a-major-affirmative-action-case-university-of-california-offers-a-cautionary-tale","authors":["byline_news_11928967"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_1895","news_29609","news_1172","news_206"],"featImg":"news_11928975","label":"source_news_11928967"},"news_11927574":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11927574","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11927574","score":null,"sort":[1664837058000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-supreme-court-will-begin-a-new-term-with-more-contentious-cases-on-its-docket","title":"The Supreme Court Will Begin a New Term With More Contentious Cases on Its Docket","publishDate":1664837058,"format":"standard","headTitle":"NPR | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":253,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>After a tumultuous term that ended in June, the U.S. Supreme Court returns Monday to officially open a second potentially stormy term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may be hard to beat last term's sustained and dramatic turn to the right, which included most prominently the overturning of a half century of precedents that had guaranteed women the right to terminate most pregnancies. But the court may well rock the boat again, despite the fact that it finds its approval ratings plummeting to historic lows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much so that Chief Justice John Roberts sought to defend the court's legitimacy while speaking to a conference of judges and lawyers in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Decisions have always been subject to intense criticism, and that is entirely appropriate,\" he said, \"but lately, the criticism is phrased in terms of ... the legitimacy of the court.\" That, he said is \"a mistake.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the job of the court to say what the law is, he said, \"and that role doesn't change simply because people disagree with this opinion or that opinion.\" After all, he said, \"You don't want the political branches telling you what the law is, and you don't want public opinion to be the guide of what the appropriate decision is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A dissenting view from Justice Kagan\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But Justice Elena Kagan pointedly disagreed with some of what Roberts said, noting in three separate appearances that in her view a court's legitimacy has to be earned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11917776,news_11917650,news_11910550\"]Precedent should only be reversed in the rarest of cases, she said at Northwestern's Pritzker School of Law. Precedent, she said, is a \"foundation stone of law,\" a doctrine of stability that \"tells people they can rely on the law.\" But if, \"all of a sudden everything is up for grabs, all of a sudden very fundamental principles of law are being overthrown ... then people have a right to say, 'You know, what's going on there? That doesn't seem very law-like.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or as she put it at Salve Regina University in Rhode Island: \"The court shouldn't be wandering around just inserting itself into every hot-button issue in America, and it especially shouldn't be doing that in a way that reflects one set of political views over another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kagan can see, probably better than the rest of us, that there may well be more dramatic right turns again this year on everything from affirmative action to voting rights, clean water regulations and an asserted First Amendment right to discriminate against same-sex couples in public accommodations. Indeed, the conservative court's appetite for hot-button issues appears unabated.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More hot-button issues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The question of precedent will rear its head again this term in a case challenging the affirmative action programs at Harvard and the University of North Carolina. For more than four decades, the court has ruled that race may be one of many factors considered in college admissions. But the issue is back this term before a very different court. The starkest question is whether the previous decisions were grievously wrong, the same rationale the court majority used last term in overturning Roe v. Wade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the affirmative action case, the challengers' case rests heavily on the Supreme Court's 1954 decision outlawing segregation in public schools. In other words, affirmative action, they say, is a form of discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Race is also at the heart of a new challenge to a provision of the Voting Rights Act. Since 2013, the court has struck down or neutered key provisions of the landmark 1965 law. And it appears poised to do it again in a case that involves allegations that Alabama engaged in racial gerrymandering to limit the influence of African American voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Race is also central in a challenge to the 1978 Indian Child Welfare Act. Texas and a group of white adoptive parents are challenging the law because it mandates that where at all possible, Indian children are to be adopted or fostered in Indian homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two other huge cases before the court that will garner lots of attention. One is a test of civil rights laws that exist in most states requiring that when a commercial entity offers products or services to the public, the business may not discriminate based on race, religion, national origin or gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Challenging these laws is Lorie Smith, a web designer in Colorado who doesn't want to make designs for same-sex couples because she asserts that would violate her religious principles. But the Supreme Court is not hearing the challenge on the basis of Smith's claim to the free exercise of religion. Instead, the court has limited the case to Smith's claim that the law violates her right to free expression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Georgetown University's Kelsi Corkran puts it, \"if Smith is correct that there's a free speech right to selectively choose her customers based on the messages she wants to endorse,\" the law would also permit a white supremacist to deny services to people of color because that, too, \"would be a message of endorsement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The fate of elections\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last but certainly not least, the court will hear a major election law case involving the so-called independent state legislature theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the current case, the North Carolina Supreme Court struck down a congressional redistricting plan on the grounds that it was an unconstitutional partisan gerrymander barred by the state constitution. The Republican leaders of the state Legislature challenged the state court decision. They contend it violates Article I of the U.S. Constitution, which states that \"the times, places, and manner\" of congressional elections \"shall be prescribed in each state by the [state] legislature.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That argument, in its most extreme form, would mean that no state court and no state agency could interfere with the state legislature's version of election rules, regardless of the rules set down in the state constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents contend that would mean that state legislatures would be free to do almost anything they want, without any supervision by state courts, and without being able to delegate to local officials rules on how to run elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While state judges across the country frequently disagree, in this case the national Conference of Chief Justices, representing all the chief legal officers in the 50 states, has filed a brief opposing much of North Carolina's argument. State judges, the group says, do have the power under the U.S. Constitution to review state election laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Supreme+Court+will+begin+a+new+term+with+more+contentious+cases+on+its+docket&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The fate of affirmative action programs in college admissions, redistricting and elections are in the hands of the justices as the U.S. Supreme Court begins its new term.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1664839168,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1107},"headData":{"title":"The Supreme Court Will Begin a New Term With More Contentious Cases on Its Docket | KQED","description":"The fate of affirmative action programs in college admissions, redistricting and elections are in the hands of the justices as the U.S. Supreme Court begins its new term.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"The Supreme Court Will Begin a New Term With More Contentious Cases on Its Docket","datePublished":"2022-10-03T22:44:18.000Z","dateModified":"2022-10-03T23:19:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11927574 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11927574","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/10/03/the-supreme-court-will-begin-a-new-term-with-more-contentious-cases-on-its-docket/","disqusTitle":"The Supreme Court Will Begin a New Term With More Contentious Cases on Its Docket","nprImageCredit":"Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States","nprByline":"Nina Totenberg","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"1126041958","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1126041958&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/03/1126041958/supreme-court-new-term?ft=nprml&f=1126041958","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 03 Oct 2022 17:19:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 03 Oct 2022 05:00:08 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 03 Oct 2022 17:19:18 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2022/10/20221003_me_the_supreme_court_will_begin_a_new_term_with_more_contentious_cases_on_its_docket.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1070&d=416&p=3&story=1126041958&ft=nprml&f=1126041958","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11126519007-2149e2.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1070&d=416&p=3&story=1126041958&ft=nprml&f=1126041958","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11927574/the-supreme-court-will-begin-a-new-term-with-more-contentious-cases-on-its-docket","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2022/10/20221003_me_the_supreme_court_will_begin_a_new_term_with_more_contentious_cases_on_its_docket.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1070&d=416&p=3&story=1126041958&ft=nprml&f=1126041958","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After a tumultuous term that ended in June, the U.S. Supreme Court returns Monday to officially open a second potentially stormy term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may be hard to beat last term's sustained and dramatic turn to the right, which included most prominently the overturning of a half century of precedents that had guaranteed women the right to terminate most pregnancies. But the court may well rock the boat again, despite the fact that it finds its approval ratings plummeting to historic lows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much so that Chief Justice John Roberts sought to defend the court's legitimacy while speaking to a conference of judges and lawyers in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Decisions have always been subject to intense criticism, and that is entirely appropriate,\" he said, \"but lately, the criticism is phrased in terms of ... the legitimacy of the court.\" That, he said is \"a mistake.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the job of the court to say what the law is, he said, \"and that role doesn't change simply because people disagree with this opinion or that opinion.\" After all, he said, \"You don't want the political branches telling you what the law is, and you don't want public opinion to be the guide of what the appropriate decision is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A dissenting view from Justice Kagan\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But Justice Elena Kagan pointedly disagreed with some of what Roberts said, noting in three separate appearances that in her view a court's legitimacy has to be earned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11917776,news_11917650,news_11910550"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Precedent should only be reversed in the rarest of cases, she said at Northwestern's Pritzker School of Law. Precedent, she said, is a \"foundation stone of law,\" a doctrine of stability that \"tells people they can rely on the law.\" But if, \"all of a sudden everything is up for grabs, all of a sudden very fundamental principles of law are being overthrown ... then people have a right to say, 'You know, what's going on there? That doesn't seem very law-like.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or as she put it at Salve Regina University in Rhode Island: \"The court shouldn't be wandering around just inserting itself into every hot-button issue in America, and it especially shouldn't be doing that in a way that reflects one set of political views over another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kagan can see, probably better than the rest of us, that there may well be more dramatic right turns again this year on everything from affirmative action to voting rights, clean water regulations and an asserted First Amendment right to discriminate against same-sex couples in public accommodations. Indeed, the conservative court's appetite for hot-button issues appears unabated.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More hot-button issues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The question of precedent will rear its head again this term in a case challenging the affirmative action programs at Harvard and the University of North Carolina. For more than four decades, the court has ruled that race may be one of many factors considered in college admissions. But the issue is back this term before a very different court. The starkest question is whether the previous decisions were grievously wrong, the same rationale the court majority used last term in overturning Roe v. Wade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the affirmative action case, the challengers' case rests heavily on the Supreme Court's 1954 decision outlawing segregation in public schools. In other words, affirmative action, they say, is a form of discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Race is also at the heart of a new challenge to a provision of the Voting Rights Act. Since 2013, the court has struck down or neutered key provisions of the landmark 1965 law. And it appears poised to do it again in a case that involves allegations that Alabama engaged in racial gerrymandering to limit the influence of African American voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Race is also central in a challenge to the 1978 Indian Child Welfare Act. Texas and a group of white adoptive parents are challenging the law because it mandates that where at all possible, Indian children are to be adopted or fostered in Indian homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two other huge cases before the court that will garner lots of attention. One is a test of civil rights laws that exist in most states requiring that when a commercial entity offers products or services to the public, the business may not discriminate based on race, religion, national origin or gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Challenging these laws is Lorie Smith, a web designer in Colorado who doesn't want to make designs for same-sex couples because she asserts that would violate her religious principles. But the Supreme Court is not hearing the challenge on the basis of Smith's claim to the free exercise of religion. Instead, the court has limited the case to Smith's claim that the law violates her right to free expression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Georgetown University's Kelsi Corkran puts it, \"if Smith is correct that there's a free speech right to selectively choose her customers based on the messages she wants to endorse,\" the law would also permit a white supremacist to deny services to people of color because that, too, \"would be a message of endorsement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The fate of elections\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last but certainly not least, the court will hear a major election law case involving the so-called independent state legislature theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the current case, the North Carolina Supreme Court struck down a congressional redistricting plan on the grounds that it was an unconstitutional partisan gerrymander barred by the state constitution. The Republican leaders of the state Legislature challenged the state court decision. They contend it violates Article I of the U.S. Constitution, which states that \"the times, places, and manner\" of congressional elections \"shall be prescribed in each state by the [state] legislature.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That argument, in its most extreme form, would mean that no state court and no state agency could interfere with the state legislature's version of election rules, regardless of the rules set down in the state constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents contend that would mean that state legislatures would be free to do almost anything they want, without any supervision by state courts, and without being able to delegate to local officials rules on how to run elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While state judges across the country frequently disagree, in this case the national Conference of Chief Justices, representing all the chief legal officers in the 50 states, has filed a brief opposing much of North Carolina's argument. State judges, the group says, do have the power under the U.S. Constitution to review state election laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Supreme+Court+will+begin+a+new+term+with+more+contentious+cases+on+its+docket&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11927574/the-supreme-court-will-begin-a-new-term-with-more-contentious-cases-on-its-docket","authors":["byline_news_11927574"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_31752","news_23960","news_20682","news_282","news_201","news_1172"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11927575","label":"news_253"},"news_11920007":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11920007","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11920007","score":null,"sort":[1658363789000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"worth-going-to-jail-if-necessary-rep-jackie-speier-on-getting-arrested-in-fight-for-abortion-rights","title":"'Worth Going to Jail If Necessary': Rep. Jackie Speier on Getting Arrested in Fight for Abortion Rights","publishDate":1658363789,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Bay Area Reps. Jackie Speier and Barbara Lee were among 17 members of Congress — and about 35 people altogether — arrested Tuesday for blocking a street near the U.S. Supreme Court during an abortion rights demonstration.[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Rep. Jackie Speier\"]'It has everything to do with the fact that it was the most horrific decision that has come down since Dred Scott.'[/pullquote]Donning green bandanas that said \"Won't Back Down,\" the group \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/19/politics/congress-members-arrested-abortion-protest-supreme-court/index.html\">marched from the Capitol\u003c/a>, and within minutes of arriving at the fenced-off court building were ordered by Capitol police to \"cease and desist.\" They instead sat down on the street, blocking traffic, and after repeated warnings from officers to disperse, were led away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've never been arrested before but I can hear the late Congressman John Lewis imploring me to get in good trouble,\" \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepSpeier/status/1549868431947825152?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet\">Speier wrote on Twitter\u003c/a>. \"We must be willing to speak out for patients who have the right to health care, and the fundamental right to bodily autonomy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other members of Congress arrested included Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-New York, who said in a tweet that she and her colleagues made it back to the House in time to vote on bills later that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protest follows last month's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/24/1102305878/supreme-court-abortion-roe-v-wade-decision-overturn\">landmark ruling overturning Roe v. Wade\u003c/a> and rescinding the constitutional right to an abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speier, who represents parts of San Francisco and the Peninsula — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2021/11/16/jackie-speier-retiring-congress-522690\">plans to retire later at the end of her term \u003c/a>— spoke live from the Capitol on Wednesday with KQED's Brian Watt about her decision to participate in this act of civil disobedience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview is edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian Watt: \u003c/strong>Why did the two of you and other members decide it was time to take an action like this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rep. Jackie Speier:\u003c/strong> It has everything to do with the fact that it was the most horrific decision that has come down since Dred Scott. And so 17 members joined in being arrested because that's how serious we think this is. We think it is worth going to jail if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's very similar to the kind of civil disobedience that went on when women were trying to get the right to vote and suffragettes chained themselves to the fence at the White House and got jailed. And so we're going to take it to the streets and we'll do whatever is necessary to restore the right of every person in this country to have control over their bodies. Right now, we have what is called government-mandated pregnancy and it cannot stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you and other House Democrats plan to take it to the streets even more? More protests like this? And what kind of effect do you think they have?\u003c/strong>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"abortion\"]I can't express to you what we're going to do next or if we're going to do anything next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was something we did to draw attention to the fact that, once again, we have\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/07/15/house-abortion-roe-v-wade/\"> passed the Women's Health Protection Act\u003c/a> out of the House. We've done it twice now in less than six months. We also passed a bill that guaranteed contraception for women, and both those bills went to the Senate, and that's where they sit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we need to alert the American people, men and women, that if they care about their own independence, their ability to have some personal autonomy, that they need to vote their beliefs by voting for people that respect the right to choose and are people that are willing to restore the rights that were provided originally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think this issue will motivate voters not just in a district like yours, but in others throughout the country that could be more competitive?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I absolutely do. I think these horrific examples, a 10-year-old rape victim having to travel across state lines to get an abortion and then to have that health care professional, that OBGYN, who did exactly what she was supposed to do — it was legal in Indiana — and report it to the appropriate department within two days, and then she is being smeared by the attorney general. I think people need to recognize the aberration that it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Bay Area Reps. Jackie Speier and Barbara Lee were among those arrested Tuesday as part of a group of demonstrators who blocked a street near the US Supreme Court to protest last month's ruling restricting abortion rights.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1658375388,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":731},"headData":{"title":"'Worth Going to Jail If Necessary': Rep. Jackie Speier on Getting Arrested in Fight for Abortion Rights | KQED","description":"Bay Area Reps. Jackie Speier and Barbara Lee were among those arrested Tuesday as part of a group of demonstrators who blocked a street near the US Supreme Court to protest last month's ruling restricting abortion rights.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'Worth Going to Jail If Necessary': Rep. Jackie Speier on Getting Arrested in Fight for Abortion Rights","datePublished":"2022-07-21T00:36:29.000Z","dateModified":"2022-07-21T03:49:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11920007 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11920007","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/07/20/worth-going-to-jail-if-necessary-rep-jackie-speier-on-getting-arrested-in-fight-for-abortion-rights/","disqusTitle":"'Worth Going to Jail If Necessary': Rep. Jackie Speier on Getting Arrested in Fight for Abortion Rights","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/51165f69-88aa-4133-a66b-aed8011a5b1b/audio.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11920007/worth-going-to-jail-if-necessary-rep-jackie-speier-on-getting-arrested-in-fight-for-abortion-rights","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bay Area Reps. Jackie Speier and Barbara Lee were among 17 members of Congress — and about 35 people altogether — arrested Tuesday for blocking a street near the U.S. Supreme Court during an abortion rights demonstration.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'It has everything to do with the fact that it was the most horrific decision that has come down since Dred Scott.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Rep. Jackie Speier","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Donning green bandanas that said \"Won't Back Down,\" the group \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/19/politics/congress-members-arrested-abortion-protest-supreme-court/index.html\">marched from the Capitol\u003c/a>, and within minutes of arriving at the fenced-off court building were ordered by Capitol police to \"cease and desist.\" They instead sat down on the street, blocking traffic, and after repeated warnings from officers to disperse, were led away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've never been arrested before but I can hear the late Congressman John Lewis imploring me to get in good trouble,\" \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepSpeier/status/1549868431947825152?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet\">Speier wrote on Twitter\u003c/a>. \"We must be willing to speak out for patients who have the right to health care, and the fundamental right to bodily autonomy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other members of Congress arrested included Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-New York, who said in a tweet that she and her colleagues made it back to the House in time to vote on bills later that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protest follows last month's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/24/1102305878/supreme-court-abortion-roe-v-wade-decision-overturn\">landmark ruling overturning Roe v. Wade\u003c/a> and rescinding the constitutional right to an abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speier, who represents parts of San Francisco and the Peninsula — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2021/11/16/jackie-speier-retiring-congress-522690\">plans to retire later at the end of her term \u003c/a>— spoke live from the Capitol on Wednesday with KQED's Brian Watt about her decision to participate in this act of civil disobedience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview is edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian Watt: \u003c/strong>Why did the two of you and other members decide it was time to take an action like this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rep. Jackie Speier:\u003c/strong> It has everything to do with the fact that it was the most horrific decision that has come down since Dred Scott. And so 17 members joined in being arrested because that's how serious we think this is. We think it is worth going to jail if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's very similar to the kind of civil disobedience that went on when women were trying to get the right to vote and suffragettes chained themselves to the fence at the White House and got jailed. And so we're going to take it to the streets and we'll do whatever is necessary to restore the right of every person in this country to have control over their bodies. Right now, we have what is called government-mandated pregnancy and it cannot stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you and other House Democrats plan to take it to the streets even more? More protests like this? And what kind of effect do you think they have?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","tag":"abortion"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>I can't express to you what we're going to do next or if we're going to do anything next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was something we did to draw attention to the fact that, once again, we have\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/07/15/house-abortion-roe-v-wade/\"> passed the Women's Health Protection Act\u003c/a> out of the House. We've done it twice now in less than six months. We also passed a bill that guaranteed contraception for women, and both those bills went to the Senate, and that's where they sit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we need to alert the American people, men and women, that if they care about their own independence, their ability to have some personal autonomy, that they need to vote their beliefs by voting for people that respect the right to choose and are people that are willing to restore the rights that were provided originally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think this issue will motivate voters not just in a district like yours, but in others throughout the country that could be more competitive?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I absolutely do. I think these horrific examples, a 10-year-old rape victim having to travel across state lines to get an abortion and then to have that health care professional, that OBGYN, who did exactly what she was supposed to do — it was legal in Indiana — and report it to the appropriate department within two days, and then she is being smeared by the attorney general. I think people need to recognize the aberration that it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11920007/worth-going-to-jail-if-necessary-rep-jackie-speier-on-getting-arrested-in-fight-for-abortion-rights","authors":["11238","11509"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_866","news_30251","news_31255","news_23688","news_1172"],"featImg":"news_11920037","label":"news"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/planet-money","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"}},"politicalbreakdown":{"id":"politicalbreakdown","title":"Political Breakdown","tagline":"Politics from a personal perspective","info":"Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.","airtime":"THU 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Political Breakdown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"11"},"link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"}},"pri-the-world":{"id":"pri-the-world","title":"PRI's The World: Latest Edition","info":"Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.","airtime":"MON-FRI 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world","meta":{"site":"news","source":"PRI"},"link":"/radio/program/pri-the-world","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/","rss":"http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"}},"radiolab":{"id":"radiolab","title":"Radiolab","info":"A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.","airtime":"SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/radiolab","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/","rss":"https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"}},"reveal":{"id":"reveal","title":"Reveal","info":"Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. The warmest, wittiest cocktail party - it's spirited and civil, brainy and boisterous, peppered with musical interludes. Fast paced and playful, it's the most fun you can have with language without getting your mouth washed out with soap. Our motto: It's not important to know the answers, it's important to like the answers!","airtime":"SUN 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Says-You-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.saysyouradio.com/","meta":{"site":"comedy","source":"Pipit and Finch"},"link":"/radio/program/says-you","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/says-you!/id1050199826","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Says-You-p480/","rss":"https://saysyou.libsyn.com/rss"}},"science-friday":{"id":"science-friday","title":"Science Friday","info":"Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.","airtime":"FRI 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/science-friday","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"}},"science-podcast":{"id":"science-podcast","title":"KQED Science News","tagline":"From the lab, to your ears","info":"KQED Science explores science and environment news, trends, and events from the Bay Area and beyond.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-News-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"kqed","order":"17"},"link":"/science/category/science-podcast","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-science-news/id214663465","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2dzLmtxZWQub3JnL3NjaWVuY2UvZmVlZC8","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed-science-news","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/feed/podcast"}},"selected-shorts":{"id":"selected-shorts","title":"Selected Shorts","info":"Spellbinding short stories by established and emerging writers take on a new life when they are performed by stars of the stage and screen.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Selected-Shorts-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/selected-shorts","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"pri"},"link":"/radio/program/selected-shorts","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=253191824&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Selected-Shorts-p31792/","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/selectedshorts"}},"snap-judgment":{"id":"snap-judgment","title":"Snap Judgment","info":"Snap Judgment (Storytelling, with a BEAT) mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic, kick-ass radio. Snap’s raw, musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. WNYC studios is the producer of leading podcasts including Radiolab, Freakonomics Radio, Note To Self, Here’s The Thing With Alec Baldwin, and more.","airtime":"SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/snapJudgement.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://snapjudgment.org","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/snap-judgment","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=283657561&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Snap-Judgment-p243817/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/snapjudgment-wnyc"}},"soldout":{"id":"soldout","title":"SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America","tagline":"A new future for housing","info":"Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/soldout","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":3},"link":"/podcasts/soldout","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america","tunein":"https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vc29sZG91dA"}},"ted-radio-hour":{"id":"ted-radio-hour","title":"TED Radio Hour","info":"The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/ted-radio-hour","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"}},"tech-nation":{"id":"tech-nation","title":"Tech Nation Radio Podcast","info":"Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.","airtime":"FRI 10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://technation.podomatic.com/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"Tech Nation Media"},"link":"/radio/program/tech-nation","subscribe":{"rss":"https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"}},"thebay":{"id":"thebay","title":"The Bay","tagline":"Local news to keep you rooted","info":"Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED The Bay","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/thebay","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"6"},"link":"/podcasts/thebay","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM4MjU5Nzg2MzI3","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"}},"californiareport":{"id":"californiareport","title":"The California Report","tagline":"California, day by day","info":"KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The California Report","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareport","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"9"},"link":"/californiareport","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1MDAyODE4NTgz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"}},"californiareportmagazine":{"id":"californiareportmagazine","title":"The California Report Magazine","tagline":"Your state, your stories","info":"Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.","airtime":"FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareportmagazine","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"10"},"link":"/californiareportmagazine","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"}},"theleap":{"id":"theleap","title":"The Leap","tagline":"What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?","info":"Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Leap","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/theleap","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"14"},"link":"/podcasts/theleap","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM0NTcwODQ2MjY2","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"}},"masters-of-scale":{"id":"masters-of-scale","title":"Masters of Scale","info":"Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.","airtime":"Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://mastersofscale.com/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WaitWhat"},"link":"/radio/program/masters-of-scale","subscribe":{"apple":"http://mastersofscale.app.link/","rss":"https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"}},"the-moth-radio-hour":{"id":"the-moth-radio-hour","title":"The Moth Radio Hour","info":"Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://themoth.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"prx"},"link":"/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/","rss":"http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"}},"the-new-yorker-radio-hour":{"id":"the-new-yorker-radio-hour","title":"The New Yorker Radio Hour","info":"The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.","airtime":"SAT 10am-11am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"}},"the-takeaway":{"id":"the-takeaway","title":"The Takeaway","info":"The Takeaway is produced in partnership with its national audience. It delivers perspective and analysis to help us better understand the day’s news. Be a part of the American conversation on-air and online.","airtime":"MON-THU 12pm-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Takeaway-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/takeaway","meta":{"site":"news","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-takeaway","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-takeaway/id363143310?mt=2","tuneIn":"http://tunein.com/radio/The-Takeaway-p150731/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/takeawaypodcast"}},"this-american-life":{"id":"this-american-life","title":"This American Life","info":"This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.","airtime":"SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wbez"},"link":"/radio/program/this-american-life","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","rss":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"}},"truthbetold":{"id":"truthbetold","title":"Truth Be Told","tagline":"Advice by and for people of color","info":"We’re the friend you call after a long day, the one who gets it. Through wisdom from some of the greatest thinkers of our time, host Tonya Mosley explores what it means to grow and thrive as a Black person in America, while discovering new ways of being that serve as a portal to more love, more healing, and more joy.","airtime":"","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Truth-Be-Told-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Truth Be Told with Tonya Mosley","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.kqed.ord/podcasts/truthbetold","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr","order":"12"},"link":"/podcasts/truthbetold","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/truth-be-told/id1462216572","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS90cnV0aC1iZS10b2xkLXBvZGNhc3QvZmVlZA","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/719210818/truth-be-told","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=398170&refid=stpr","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/587DhwTBxke6uvfwDfaV5N"}},"wait-wait-dont-tell-me":{"id":"wait-wait-dont-tell-me","title":"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!","info":"Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.","airtime":"SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"}},"washington-week":{"id":"washington-week","title":"Washington Week","info":"For 50 years, Washington Week has been the most intelligent and up to date conversation about the most important news stories of the week. Washington Week is the longest-running news and public affairs program on PBS and features journalists -- not pundits -- lending insight and perspective to the week's important news stories.","airtime":"SAT 1:30am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/washington-week.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/washington-week","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/washington-week-audio-pbs/id83324702?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Current-Affairs/Washington-Week-p693/","rss":"http://feeds.pbs.org/pbs/weta/washingtonweek-audio"}},"weekend-edition-saturday":{"id":"weekend-edition-saturday","title":"Weekend Edition Saturday","info":"Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.","airtime":"SAT 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"},"weekend-edition-sunday":{"id":"weekend-edition-sunday","title":"Weekend Edition Sunday","info":"Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.","airtime":"SUN 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"},"world-affairs":{"id":"world-affairs","title":"World Affairs","info":"The world as we knew it is undergoing a rapid transformation…so what's next? Welcome to WorldAffairs, your guide to a changing world. We give you the context you need to navigate across borders and ideologies. Through sound-rich stories and in-depth interviews, we break down what it means to be a global citizen on a hot, crowded planet. Our hosts, Ray Suarez, Teresa Cotsirilos and Philip Yun help you make sense of an uncertain world, one story at a time.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/World-Affairs-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg ","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.worldaffairs.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"World Affairs"},"link":"/radio/program/world-affairs","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/world-affairs/id101215657?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/WorldAffairs-p1665/","rss":"https://worldaffairs.libsyn.com/rss"}},"on-shifting-ground":{"id":"on-shifting-ground","title":"On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez","info":"Geopolitical turmoil. A warming planet. Authoritarians on the rise. We live in a chaotic world that’s rapidly shifting around us. “On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez” explores international fault lines and how they impact us all. Each week, NPR veteran Ray Suarez hosts conversations with journalists, leaders and policy experts to help us read between the headlines – and give us hope for human resilience.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/12/onshiftingground-600x600-1.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://worldaffairs.org/radio-podcast/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"On Shifting Ground"},"link":"/radio/program/on-shifting-ground","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/on-shifting-ground/id101215657","rss":"https://feeds.libsyn.com/36668/rss"}},"hidden-brain":{"id":"hidden-brain","title":"Hidden Brain","info":"Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain","airtime":"SUN 7pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"NPR"},"link":"/radio/program/hidden-brain","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"}},"city-arts":{"id":"city-arts","title":"City Arts & Lectures","info":"A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.cityarts.net/","airtime":"SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am","meta":{"site":"news","source":"City Arts & Lectures"},"link":"https://www.cityarts.net","subscribe":{"tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/","rss":"https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"}},"white-lies":{"id":"white-lies","title":"White Lies","info":"In 1965, Rev. James Reeb was murdered in Selma, Alabama. Three men were tried and acquitted, but no one was ever held to account. Fifty years later, two journalists from Alabama return to the city where it happened, expose the lies that kept the murder from being solved and uncover a story about guilt and memory that says as much about America today as it does about the past.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/White-Lies-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/white-lies","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/whitelies","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1462650519?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM0My9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/12yZ2j8vxqhc0QZyRES3ft?si=LfWYEK6URA63hueKVxRLAw","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510343/podcast.xml"}},"rightnowish":{"id":"rightnowish","title":"Rightnowish","tagline":"Art is where you find it","info":"Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/rightnowish","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"kqed","order":"5"},"link":"/podcasts/rightnowish","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"}},"jerrybrown":{"id":"jerrybrown","title":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","tagline":"Lessons from a lifetime in politics","info":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"16"},"link":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/","tuneIn":"http://tun.in/pjGcK","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9zZXJpZXMvamVycnlicm93bi9mZWVkL3BvZGNhc3Qv"}},"the-splendid-table":{"id":"the-splendid-table","title":"The Splendid Table","info":"\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.splendidtable.org/","airtime":"SUN 10-11 pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/the-splendid-table"}},"racesReducer":{"5921":{"id":"5921","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":158422,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.97,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Doris Matsui","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":89456,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tom Silva","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":48920,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Mandel","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":20046,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:00:38.194Z"},"5922":{"id":"5922","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rudy Recile","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Garamendi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5924":{"id":"5924","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":185034,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.07,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark DeSaulnier","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":121265,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katherine Piccinini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34883,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nolan Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":19459,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Sweeney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":7606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mohamed Elsherbini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1821,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:02:32.415Z"},"5926":{"id":"5926","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":153801,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lateefah Simon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":85905,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Tran","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22964,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Daysog","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17197,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Slauson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9699,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Glenn Kaplan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6785,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4243,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Abdur Sikder","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2847,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ned Nuerge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2532,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Andre Todd","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:22:36.062Z"},"5928":{"id":"5928","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":125831,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.14,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Eric Swalwell","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":83989,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Vin Kruttiventi","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":22106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alison Hayden","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11928,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luis Reynoso","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7808,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:51:36.366Z"},"5930":{"id":"5930","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":182188,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"May 2, 2024","timeUpdated":"9:31 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sam Liccardo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":38492,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Evan Low","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30261,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Joe Simitian","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30256,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Ohtaki","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Dixon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14677,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rishi Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12383,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karl Ryan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Julie Lythcott-Haims","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11386,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ahmed Mostafa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5814,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Greg Tanaka","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joby Bernstein","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1652,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-05-02T14:15:13.232Z"},"5931":{"id":"5931","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":117534,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.92,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ro Khanna","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73941,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anita Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31539,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ritesh Tandon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5728,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mario Ramirez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4491,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Dehn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":1835,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T01:50:53.956Z"},"5932":{"id":"5932","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":96302,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.93,"eevp":98.83,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Zoe Lofgren","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":49323,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Peter Hernandez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31622,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Charlene Nijmeh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":10614,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Lawrence Milan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2712,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luele Kifle","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2031,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:26:02.706Z"},"5963":{"id":"5963","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":139085,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.62,"eevp":98.6,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Greer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38079,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Rogers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":27126,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rusty Hicks","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25615,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ariel Kelley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Frankie Myers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17694,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ted Williams","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9550,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Click","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1538,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-22T21:38:36.711Z"},"5972":{"id":"5972","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":99775,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lori Wilson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":50085,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dave Ennis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":26074,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Wanda Wallis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14638,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeffrey Flack","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8978,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T02:01:24.524Z"},"5973":{"id":"5973","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":143532,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Damon Connolly","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":111275,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andy Podshadley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17240,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Eryn Cervantes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15017,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:25:32.262Z"},"5975":{"id":"5975","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":106997,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.06,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Buffy Wicks","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":78678,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Margot Smith","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18251,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Utkarsh Jain","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":10068,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:30:34.539Z"},"5976":{"id":"5976","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":97144,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.98,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sonia Ledo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":30946,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anamarie Farias","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":29512,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Monica Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":24775,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karen Mitchoff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11911,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T00:19:38.858Z"},"5977":{"id":"5977","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joseph Rubay","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rebecca Bauer-Kahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5978":{"id":"5978","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":111003,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Haney","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":90915,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Manuel Noris-Barrera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13843,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Otto Duke","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6245,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:36:19.697Z"},"5979":{"id":"5979","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":86008,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.1,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"May 2, 2024","timeUpdated":"7:13 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mia Bonta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andre Sandford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":4575,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Mindy Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4389,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cheyenne Kenney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-05-02T14:13:20.724Z"},"5980":{"id":"5980","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":113959,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.8,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Catherine Stefani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":64960,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":33035,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nadia Flamenco","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":8335,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Arjun Sodhani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-11T23:50:23.109Z"},"5981":{"id":"5981","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 20","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Ortega","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5982":{"id":"5982","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 21","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Gilham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Diane Papan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5984":{"id":"5984","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 23","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":116963,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Marc Berman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":67106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lydia Kou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":23699,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Gus Mattammal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13277,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Allan Marson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12881,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:13:06.280Z"},"5987":{"id":"5987","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 26","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":72753,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Patrick Ahrens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25036,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tara Sreekrishnan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19600,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sophie Song","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15954,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Omar Din","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8772,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bob Goodwyn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":2170,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ashish Garg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1221,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T21:06:29.070Z"},"5989":{"id":"5989","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 28","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Gail Pellerin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Liz Lawler","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6010":{"id":"6010","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 49","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Fong","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Long Liu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6018":{"id":"6018","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":229348,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.05,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jared Huffman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":169005,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Coulombe","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":37372,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tief Gibbs","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18437,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jolian Kangas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":3166,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Brisendine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1368,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:46:10.103Z"},"6020":{"id":"6020","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":187640,"precinctsReportPercentage":96.32,"eevp":96.36,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":118147,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Munn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":56232,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andrew Engdahl","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11202,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Niket Patwardhan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":2059,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:30:57.980Z"},"6025":{"id":"6025","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":121271,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.17,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Harder","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":60396,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Lincoln","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":36346,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John McBride","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15525,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Khalid Jafri","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:49:44.113Z"},"6031":{"id":"6031","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Anna Kramer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Mullin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6035":{"id":"6035","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":203670,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.11,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jimmy Panetta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":132540,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jason Anderson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":58120,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sean Dougherty","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Grn","voteCount":13010,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:23:46.779Z"},"6066":{"id":"6066","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jamie Gallagher","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Aaron Draper","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6067":{"id":"6067","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Cecilia Aguiar-Curry","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6087":{"id":"6087","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 24","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":66643,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alex Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45544,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Brunton","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14951,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marti Souza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6148,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T23:23:49.770Z"},"6088":{"id":"6088","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 25","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":69560,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.31,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ash Kalra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":35821,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ted Stroll","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18255,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lan Ngo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":15484,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T02:40:57.200Z"},"6092":{"id":"6092","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 29","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Robert Rivas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"J.W. Paine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6223":{"id":"6223","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 46","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:16 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lou Correa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Pan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6530":{"id":"6530","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":222193,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Thom Bogue","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":61776,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christopher Cabaldon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":59041,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rozzana Verder-Aliga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45546,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jackie Elward","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41127,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jimih Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14703,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:24:31.539Z"},"6531":{"id":"6531","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":171623,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jim Shoemaker","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":74935,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jerry McNerney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":57040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Carlos Villapudua","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":39648,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T20:07:46.382Z"},"6532":{"id":"6532","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":192446,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.72,"eevp":98.78,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jesse Arreguín","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61837,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jovanka Beckles","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34025,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dan Kalb","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28842,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Kathryn Lybarger","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28041,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sandre Swanson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22862,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeanne Solnordal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16839,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:58:11.533Z"},"6533":{"id":"6533","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tim Grayson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marisol Rubio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6534":{"id":"6534","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":228260,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Scott Wiener","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":166592,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Yvette Corkrean","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34438,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Cravens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18513,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jing Xiong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":8717,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T02:01:51.597Z"},"6535":{"id":"6535","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":227191,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Becker","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":167127,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alexander Glew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":42788,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christina Laskowski","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17276,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:56:24.964Z"},"6536":{"id":"6536","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":180231,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.81,"eevp":98.95,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dave Cortese","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":124440,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Robert Howell","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34173,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Loaiza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":21618,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T01:15:45.365Z"},"6548":{"id":"6548","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 39","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:55 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Akilah Weber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Divine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6611":{"id":"6611","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":188732,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.89,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Nancy Pelosi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":138285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bruce Lou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marjorie Mikels","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9363,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bianca Von Krieg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":7634,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Zeng","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6607,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Boyce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4325,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Larry Nichelson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3482,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eve Del Castello","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2751,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:31:55.445Z"},"8589":{"id":"8589","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7276537,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2299507,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2292414,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1115606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":714408,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":240723,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Bradley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":98180,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61755,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sharleta Bassett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":54422,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sarah Liew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Laura Garza ","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":34320,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Reiss","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34056,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gail Lightfoot","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":33046,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Denice Gary-Pandol","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":25494,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Macauley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23168,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Harmesh Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21522,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Peterson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21076,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Douglas Pierce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19371,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Major Singh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":16965,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"John Rose","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14577,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Perry Pound","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14134,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Raji Rab","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":13558,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mark Ruzon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":13429,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Forrest Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":13027,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stefan Simchowitz","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12717,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Martin Veprauskas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9714,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Don Grundmann","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":6582,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T05:01:46.589Z"},"8686":{"id":"8686","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":3589127,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:48 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Biden","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":3200188,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marianne Williamson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":145690,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Dean Phillips","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":99981,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Armando Perez-Serrato","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":42925,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gabriel Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41261,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"President Boddie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25373,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Lyons","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21008,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eban Cambridge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12701,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:12:27.559Z"},"8688":{"id":"8688","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":2466569,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Donald Trump","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":1953947,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nikki Haley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":430792,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ron DeSantis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":35581,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Chris Christie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":20164,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Vivek Ramaswamy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11069,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rachel Swift","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4231,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Stuckenberg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3895,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ryan Binkley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Asa Hutchinson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3327,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:13:19.766Z"},"81993":{"id":"81993","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I Unexpired Term","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7358837,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2444940,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2155146,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1269194,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":863278,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":448788,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":109421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":68070,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:31:08.186Z"},"82014":{"id":"82014","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"Proposition, 1 - Behavioral Health Services Program","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":7221972,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3624998,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3596974,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:11:06.265Z"},"timeLoaded":"May 7, 2024 8:54 PM","nationalRacesLoaded":true,"localRacesLoaded":true,"overrides":[{"id":"5921","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5922","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5924","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5926","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/congress-12th-district"},{"id":"5928","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5930","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/congress-16th-district"},{"id":"5931","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5932","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5963","raceName":"State Assembly, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5972","raceName":"State Assembly, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5973","raceName":"State Assembly, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5975","raceName":"State Assembly, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5976","raceName":"State Assembly, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/state-assembly"},{"id":"5977","raceName":"State Assembly, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5978","raceName":"State Assembly, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5979","raceName":"State Assembly, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5980","raceName":"State Assembly, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5981","raceName":"State Assembly, District 20","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5982","raceName":"State Assembly, District 21","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5984","raceName":"State Assembly, District 23","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-assembly-23rd-district"},{"id":"5987","raceName":"State Assembly, District 26","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/state-assembly-26th-district"},{"id":"5989","raceName":"State Assembly, District 28","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6010","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6018","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6020","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6025","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6031","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6035","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6067","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6087","raceName":"State Assembly, District 24","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6088","raceName":"State Assembly, District 25","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6092","raceName":"State Assembly, District 29","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6223","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6530","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-3rd-district"},{"id":"6531","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6532","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-7th-district"},{"id":"6533","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6534","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6535","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6536","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6611","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"8589","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Full Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/senator"},{"id":"8686","raceName":"California Democratic Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 496 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/president/democrat"},{"id":"8688","raceName":"California Republican Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 169 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://kqed.org/elections/results/president/republican"},{"id":"81993","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Partial/Unexpired Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election."},{"id":"82014","raceName":"Proposition 1","raceDescription":"Bond and mental health reforms. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/proposition-1"}],"AlamedaJudge5":{"id":"AlamedaJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":200601,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Terry Wiley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":200601}]},"AlamedaJudge12":{"id":"AlamedaJudge12","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":240853,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Fickes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":133009},{"candidateName":"Michael P. Johnson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107844}]},"AlamedaBoard2":{"id":"AlamedaBoard2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33580,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Lewis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6943},{"candidateName":"Angela Normand","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":26637}]},"AlamedaBoard5":{"id":"AlamedaBoard5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":26072,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Guadalupe \"Lupe\" Angulo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7521},{"candidateName":"Janevette Cole","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13338},{"candidateName":"Joe Orlando Ramos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5213}]},"AlamedaBoard6":{"id":"AlamedaBoard6","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 6","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":30864,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Guerrero","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9989},{"candidateName":"Eileen McDonald","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20875}]},"AlamedaSup1":{"id":"AlamedaSup1","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":41038,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Haubert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":41038}]},"AlamedaSup2":{"id":"AlamedaSup2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":31034,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Elisa Márquez","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":31034}]},"AlamedaSup4":{"id":"AlamedaSup4","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":57007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jennifer Esteen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22400},{"candidateName":"Nate Miley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34607}]},"AlamedaSup5":{"id":"AlamedaSup5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":81059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ben Bartlett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13518},{"candidateName":"Nikki Fortunato Bas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":27597},{"candidateName":"John J. Bauters","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":16783},{"candidateName":"Ken Berrick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7520},{"candidateName":"Omar Farmer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1240},{"candidateName":"Gregory Hodge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3419},{"candidateName":"Chris Moore","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7428},{"candidateName":"Gerald Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":305},{"candidateName":"Lorrel Plimier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3249}]},"AlamedaBoard7":{"id":"AlamedaBoard7","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Flood Control & Water Conservation District Director, Zone 7, Full Term","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":134340,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alan Burnham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15723},{"candidateName":"Sandy Figuers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22454},{"candidateName":"Laurene K. Green","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30343},{"candidateName":"Kathy Narum","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23833},{"candidateName":"Seema Badar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7468},{"candidateName":"Catherine Brown","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34519}]},"AlamedaAuditor":{"id":"AlamedaAuditor","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Oakland Auditor","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":59227,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Houston","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59227}]},"AlamedaMeasureA":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Civil service. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282335,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":167903},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":114432}]},"AlamedaMeasureB":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Recall rules. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282683,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182200},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":100483}]},"AlamedaMeasureD":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Oakland. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":79797,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59852},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19945}]},"AlamedaMeasureE":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Alameda Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":22692,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17280},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5412}]},"AlamedaMeasureF":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"Piedmont. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":4855,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3673},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1182}]},"AlamedaMeasureG":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Albany Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":5898,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4651},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1247}]},"AlamedaMeasureH":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Berkeley Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33331,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":29418},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913}]},"AlamedaMeasureI":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Hayward Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":21929,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14151},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7778}]},"AlamedaMeasureJ":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureJ","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure J","raceDescription":"San Leandro Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":12338,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7784},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4554}]},"CCD2":{"id":"CCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":45776,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Candace Andersen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":45776}]},"CCD3":{"id":"CCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":25120,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Diane Burgis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":25120}]},"CCD5":{"id":"CCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":37045,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Barbanica","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14338},{"candidateName":"Jelani Killings","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5683},{"candidateName":"Shanelle Scales-Preston","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12993},{"candidateName":"Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4031}]},"CCMeasureA":{"id":"CCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Martinez. Appoint City Clerk. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":11513,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7554},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3959}]},"CCMeasureB":{"id":"CCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Antioch Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17971,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10397},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7574}]},"CCMeasureC":{"id":"CCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":9230,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6917},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2313}]},"CCMeasureD":{"id":"CCMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Moraga School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":6007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4052},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1955}]},"MarinD2":{"id":"MarinD2","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":18466,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Brian Colbert","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7971},{"candidateName":"Heather McPhail Sridharan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4851},{"candidateName":"Ryan O'Neil","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2647},{"candidateName":"Gabe Paulson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2997}]},"MarinD3":{"id":"MarinD3","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":13274,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Moulton-Peters","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13274}]},"MarinD4":{"id":"MarinD4","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12986,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dennis Rodoni","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10086},{"candidateName":"Francis Drouillard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2900}]},"MarinLarkspurCC":{"id":"MarinLarkspurCC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Larkspur City Council (Short Term)","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4176,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Andre","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2514},{"candidateName":"Claire Paquette","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1008},{"candidateName":"Lana Scott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":654}]},"MarinRossCouncil":{"id":"MarinRossCouncil","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Ross Town Council","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1740,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Charles William \"Bill\" Kircher, Jr.","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":536},{"candidateName":"Mathew Salter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":502},{"candidateName":"Shadi Aboukhater","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":187},{"candidateName":"Teri Dowling","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":515}]},"MarinMeasureA":{"id":"MarinMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Tamalpais Union High School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":45345,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24376},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20969}]},"MarinMeasureB":{"id":"MarinMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":62},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":70}]},"MarinMeasureC":{"id":"MarinMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Belvedere. Appropriation limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":870,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureD":{"id":"MarinMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Larkspur. Rent stabilization. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-d","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4955,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2573},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2382}]},"MarinMeasureE":{"id":"MarinMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Ross. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":874,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":683},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureF":{"id":"MarinMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"San Anselmo. Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":5193,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2110}]},"MarinMeasureG":{"id":"MarinMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Bel Marin Keys Community Services District. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":830,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":661},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":169}]},"MarinMeasureH":{"id":"MarinMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, fire protection. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1738,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1369},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":369}]},"MarinMeasureI":{"id":"MarinMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, parks. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1735,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1336},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":399}]},"NapaD2":{"id":"NapaD2","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":8351,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Alessio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6340},{"candidateName":"Doris Gentry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2011}]},"NapaD4":{"id":"NapaD4","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":7306,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Amber Manfree","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913},{"candidateName":"Pete Mott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3393}]},"NapaD5":{"id":"NapaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":5356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mariam Aboudamous","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2379},{"candidateName":"Belia Ramos","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2977}]},"NapaMeasureD":{"id":"NapaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Howell Mountain Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":741,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":367},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":374}]},"NapaMeasureU":{"id":"NapaMeasureU","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Lake Berryessa Resort Improvement District. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":86,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":63},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23}]},"NapaMeasureU1":{"id":"NapaMeasureU1","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Yountville. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":793},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132}]},"SFJudge1":{"id":"SFJudge1","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-1","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202960,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Begert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":124943},{"candidateName":"Chip Zecher","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":78017}]},"SFJudge13":{"id":"SFJudge13","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 13","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-13","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202386,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jean Myungjin Roland","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":90012},{"candidateName":"Patrick S. Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":112374}]},"SFPropA":{"id":"SFPropA","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition A","raceDescription":"Housing bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":225187,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":158497},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":66690}]},"SFPropB":{"id":"SFPropB","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition B","raceDescription":"Police staffing. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222954,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":61580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":161374}]},"SFPropC":{"id":"SFPropC","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition C","raceDescription":"Transfer tax exemption. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":220349,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":116311},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":104038}]},"SFPropD":{"id":"SFPropD","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition D","raceDescription":"Ethics laws. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222615,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":198584},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24031}]},"SFPropE":{"id":"SFPropE","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition E","raceDescription":"Police policies. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222817,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":120529},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":102288}]},"SFPropF":{"id":"SFPropF","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition F","raceDescription":"Drug screening. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-f","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":224004,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":130214},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":93790}]},"SFPropG":{"id":"SFPropG","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition G","raceDescription":"Eighth-grade algebra. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222704,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182066},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40638}]},"SMJudge4":{"id":"SMJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":108919,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sarah Burdick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":108919}]},"SMD1":{"id":"SMD1","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":29650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jackie Speier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20353},{"candidateName":"Ann Schneider","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9297}]},"SMD4":{"id":"SMD4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22725,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Antonio Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5730},{"candidateName":"Lisa Gauthier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10358},{"candidateName":"Celeste Brevard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1268},{"candidateName":"Paul Bocanegra","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1909},{"candidateName":"Maggie Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3460}]},"SMD5":{"id":"SMD5","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":19937,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Canepa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19937}]},"SMMeasureB":{"id":"SMMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"County Service Area #1 (Highlands). Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1360},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":189}]},"SMMeasureC":{"id":"SMMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Jefferson Elementary School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":12234,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8543},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3691}]},"SMMeasureE":{"id":"SMMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Woodside Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1392,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":910},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":482}]},"SMMeasureG":{"id":"SMMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Pacifica School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":11548,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7067},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4481}]},"SMMeasureH":{"id":"SMMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"San Carlos School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":9938,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6283},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3655}]},"SCJudge5":{"id":"SCJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":301953,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jay Boyarsky","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":142549},{"candidateName":"Nicole M. Ford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":52147},{"candidateName":"Johnene Linda Stebbins","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107257}]},"SCD2":{"id":"SCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":44059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Corina Herrera-Loera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10519},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Margaret Celaya","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2394},{"candidateName":"Madison Nguyen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12794},{"candidateName":"Betty Duong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14031},{"candidateName":"Nelson McElmurry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4321}]},"SCD3":{"id":"SCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":42549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Otto Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42549}]},"SCD5":{"id":"SCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":88712,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Margaret Abe-Koga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":37172},{"candidateName":"Sally J. Lieber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":21962},{"candidateName":"Barry Chang","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6164},{"candidateName":"Peter C. Fung","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17892},{"candidateName":"Sandy Sans","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5522}]},"SCSJMayor":{"id":"SCSJMayor","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José Mayor","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":167064,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Mahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":144701},{"candidateName":"Tyrone Wade","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22363}]},"SCSJD2":{"id":"SCSJD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14131,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4950},{"candidateName":"Pamela Campos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436},{"candidateName":"Vanessa Sandoval","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2719},{"candidateName":"Babu Prasad","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3026}]},"SCSJD4":{"id":"SCSJD4","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14322,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kansen Chu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5931},{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8391}]},"SCSJD6":{"id":"SCSJD6","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":25108,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9875},{"candidateName":"Alex Shoor","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3850},{"candidateName":"Angelo \"A.J.\" Pasciuti","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2688},{"candidateName":"Michael Mulcahy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8695}]},"SCSJD8":{"id":"SCSJD8","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 8","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":21462,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tam Truong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6982},{"candidateName":"Domingo Candelas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8466},{"candidateName":"Sukhdev Singh Bainiwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5513},{"candidateName":"Surinder Kaur Dhaliwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":501}]},"SCSJD10":{"id":"SCSJD10","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 10","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22799,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"George Casey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8805},{"candidateName":"Arjun Batra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8354},{"candidateName":"Lenka Wright","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5640}]},"SCMeasureA":{"id":"SCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed city clerk. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20315,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13735}]},"SCMeasureB":{"id":"SCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed police chief. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20567,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5680},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14887}]},"SCMeasureC":{"id":"SCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Sunnyvale School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14656,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10261},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4395}]},"SolanoD15":{"id":"SolanoD15","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Department 15","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":81709,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":36844},{"candidateName":"Bryan J. Kim","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":44865}]},"SolanoD1":{"id":"SolanoD1","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":13786,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6401},{"candidateName":"Cassandra James","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7385}]},"SolanoD2":{"id":"SolanoD2","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":19903,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Monica Brown","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10951},{"candidateName":"Nora Dizon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3135},{"candidateName":"Rochelle Sherlock","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5817}]},"SolanoD5":{"id":"SolanoD5","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17888,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mitch Mashburn","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11210},{"candidateName":"Chadwick J. Ledoux","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6678}]},"SolanoEducation":{"id":"SolanoEducation","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Sacramento County Board of Education","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":3650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Heather Davis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2960},{"candidateName":"Shazleen Khan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":690}]},"SolanoMeasureA":{"id":"SolanoMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Benicia. Hotel tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10136,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7869},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2267}]},"SolanoMeasureB":{"id":"SolanoMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Benicia. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10164,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7335},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2829}]},"SolanoMeasureC":{"id":"SolanoMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Benicia Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10112,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6316},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3796}]},"SolanoMeasureN":{"id":"SolanoMeasureN","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure N","raceDescription":"Davis Joint Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":15,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10}]},"SonomaJudge3":{"id":"SonomaJudge3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":115405,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kristine M. Burk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":79498},{"candidateName":"Beki Berrey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":35907}]},"SonomaJudge4":{"id":"SonomaJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":86789,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Paul J. Lozada","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":86789}]},"SonomaJudge6":{"id":"SonomaJudge6","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":117990,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Omar Figueroa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42236},{"candidateName":"Kenneth English","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":75754}]},"SonomaD1":{"id":"SonomaD1","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":30348,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rebecca Hermosillo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23958},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Mathieu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6390}]},"SonomaD3":{"id":"SonomaD3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/supervisor-3rd-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":16312,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Chris Coursey","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11346},{"candidateName":"Omar Medina","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4966}]},"SonomaD5":{"id":"SonomaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":23356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lynda Hopkins","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23356}]},"SonomaMeasureA":{"id":"SonomaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":13756,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10320},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436}]},"SonomaMeasureB":{"id":"SonomaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":24877,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15795},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9082}]},"SonomaMeasureC":{"id":"SonomaMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Fort Ross School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":286,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":159},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":127}]},"SonomaMeasureD":{"id":"SonomaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Harmony Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":1925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1089},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":836}]},"SonomaMeasureE":{"id":"SonomaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Petaluma City (Elementary) School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":11133,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7622},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3511}]},"SonomaMeasureG":{"id":"SonomaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Rincon Valley Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":14577,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8668},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5909}]},"SonomaMeasureH":{"id":"SonomaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Sonoma County. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/measure-h","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":145261,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":89646},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":55615}]}},"radioSchedulesReducer":{},"listsReducer":{"posts/news?tag=u-s-supreme-court":{"isFetching":false,"latestQuery":{"from":0,"postsToRender":9},"tag":null,"vitalsOnly":true,"totalRequested":9,"isLoading":false,"isLoadingMore":true,"total":161,"items":["news_11983492","news_11972039","news_11969069","news_11954709","news_11954612","news_11950795","news_11928967","news_11927574","news_11920007"]}},"recallGuideReducer":{"intros":{},"policy":{},"candidates":{}},"savedPostsReducer":{},"pfsSessionReducer":{},"siteSettingsReducer":{},"subscriptionsReducer":{},"termsReducer":{"about":{"name":"About","type":"terms","id":"about","slug":"about","link":"/about","taxonomy":"site"},"arts":{"name":"Arts & Culture","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"description":"KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.","type":"terms","id":"arts","slug":"arts","link":"/arts","taxonomy":"site"},"artschool":{"name":"Art School","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"artschool","slug":"artschool","link":"/artschool","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareabites":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"bayareabites","slug":"bayareabites","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareahiphop":{"name":"Bay Area Hiphop","type":"terms","id":"bayareahiphop","slug":"bayareahiphop","link":"/bayareahiphop","taxonomy":"site"},"campaign21":{"name":"Campaign 21","type":"terms","id":"campaign21","slug":"campaign21","link":"/campaign21","taxonomy":"site"},"checkplease":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"checkplease","slug":"checkplease","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"education":{"name":"Education","grouping":["education"],"type":"terms","id":"education","slug":"education","link":"/education","taxonomy":"site"},"elections":{"name":"Elections","type":"terms","id":"elections","slug":"elections","link":"/elections","taxonomy":"site"},"events":{"name":"Events","type":"terms","id":"events","slug":"events","link":"/events","taxonomy":"site"},"event":{"name":"Event","alias":"events","type":"terms","id":"event","slug":"event","link":"/event","taxonomy":"site"},"filmschoolshorts":{"name":"Film School Shorts","type":"terms","id":"filmschoolshorts","slug":"filmschoolshorts","link":"/filmschoolshorts","taxonomy":"site"},"food":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"type":"terms","id":"food","slug":"food","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"forum":{"name":"Forum","relatedContentQuery":"posts/forum?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"forum","slug":"forum","link":"/forum","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou":{"name":"Future of You","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","link":"/futureofyou","taxonomy":"site"},"jpepinheart":{"name":"KQED food","relatedContentQuery":"trending/food,bayareabites,checkplease","parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"jpepinheart","slug":"jpepinheart","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"liveblog":{"name":"Live Blog","type":"terms","id":"liveblog","slug":"liveblog","link":"/liveblog","taxonomy":"site"},"livetv":{"name":"Live TV","parent":"tv","type":"terms","id":"livetv","slug":"livetv","link":"/livetv","taxonomy":"site"},"lowdown":{"name":"The Lowdown","relatedContentQuery":"posts/lowdown?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"lowdown","slug":"lowdown","link":"/lowdown","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift":{"name":"Mindshift","parent":"news","description":"MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.","type":"terms","id":"mindshift","slug":"mindshift","link":"/mindshift","taxonomy":"site"},"news":{"name":"News","grouping":["news","forum"],"type":"terms","id":"news","slug":"news","link":"/news","taxonomy":"site"},"perspectives":{"name":"Perspectives","parent":"radio","type":"terms","id":"perspectives","slug":"perspectives","link":"/perspectives","taxonomy":"site"},"podcasts":{"name":"Podcasts","type":"terms","id":"podcasts","slug":"podcasts","link":"/podcasts","taxonomy":"site"},"pop":{"name":"Pop","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"pop","slug":"pop","link":"/pop","taxonomy":"site"},"pressroom":{"name":"Pressroom","type":"terms","id":"pressroom","slug":"pressroom","link":"/pressroom","taxonomy":"site"},"quest":{"name":"Quest","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"quest","slug":"quest","link":"/quest","taxonomy":"site"},"radio":{"name":"Radio","grouping":["forum","perspectives"],"description":"Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.","type":"terms","id":"radio","slug":"radio","link":"/radio","taxonomy":"site"},"root":{"name":"KQED","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","imageWidth":1200,"imageHeight":630,"headData":{"title":"KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California","description":"KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."},"type":"terms","id":"root","slug":"root","link":"/root","taxonomy":"site"},"science":{"name":"Science","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"description":"KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.","type":"terms","id":"science","slug":"science","link":"/science","taxonomy":"site"},"stateofhealth":{"name":"State of Health","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"stateofhealth","slug":"stateofhealth","link":"/stateofhealth","taxonomy":"site"},"support":{"name":"Support","type":"terms","id":"support","slug":"support","link":"/support","taxonomy":"site"},"thedolist":{"name":"The Do List","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"thedolist","slug":"thedolist","link":"/thedolist","taxonomy":"site"},"trulyca":{"name":"Truly CA","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"trulyca","slug":"trulyca","link":"/trulyca","taxonomy":"site"},"tv":{"name":"TV","type":"terms","id":"tv","slug":"tv","link":"/tv","taxonomy":"site"},"voterguide":{"name":"Voter Guide","parent":"elections","alias":"elections","type":"terms","id":"voterguide","slug":"voterguide","link":"/voterguide","taxonomy":"site"},"news_1172":{"type":"terms","id":"news_1172","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"1172","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"U.S. Supreme Court","slug":"u-s-supreme-court","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"U.S. Supreme Court Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null,"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","width":1200,"height":630},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"}},"ttid":1183,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/u-s-supreme-court"},"source_news_11972039":{"type":"terms","id":"source_news_11972039","meta":{"override":true},"name":"CalMatters","link":"https://calmatters.org/","isLoading":false},"source_news_11969069":{"type":"terms","id":"source_news_11969069","meta":{"override":true},"name":"NPR","link":"https://www.npr.org/","isLoading":false},"source_news_11928967":{"type":"terms","id":"source_news_11928967","meta":{"override":true},"name":"EdSource","isLoading":false},"news_72":{"type":"terms","id":"news_72","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"72","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"The California Report","slug":"the-california-report","taxonomy":"program","description":null,"featImg":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/10/TCR-2-Logo-Web-Banners-03.png","headData":{"title":"The California Report Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":6969,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/program/the-california-report"},"news_6266":{"type":"terms","id":"news_6266","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"6266","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Housing","slug":"housing","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Housing Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":6290,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/category/housing"},"news_8":{"type":"terms","id":"news_8","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"8","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"News","slug":"news","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"News Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":8,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/category/news"},"news_27626":{"type":"terms","id":"news_27626","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"27626","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"featured-news","slug":"featured-news","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"featured-news Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":27643,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/featured-news"},"news_4020":{"type":"terms","id":"news_4020","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"4020","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"homelessness","slug":"homelessness","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"homelessness Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":4039,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/homelessness"},"news_1775":{"type":"terms","id":"news_1775","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"1775","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"housing","slug":"housing","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"housing Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1790,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/housing"},"news_33739":{"type":"terms","id":"news_33739","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"33739","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Housing","slug":"housing","taxonomy":"interest","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Housing Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":33756,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/interest/housing"},"news_33733":{"type":"terms","id":"news_33733","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"33733","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"News","slug":"news","taxonomy":"interest","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"News Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":33750,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/interest/news"},"news_30069":{"type":"terms","id":"news_30069","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"30069","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"california law","slug":"california-law","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"california law Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":30086,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/california-law"},"news_22307":{"type":"terms","id":"news_22307","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"22307","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"california laws","slug":"california-laws","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"california laws Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":22324,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/california-laws"},"news_23477":{"type":"terms","id":"news_23477","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"23477","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"flavored tobacco","slug":"flavored-tobacco","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"flavored tobacco Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":23494,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/flavored-tobacco"},"news_18543":{"type":"terms","id":"news_18543","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"18543","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Health","slug":"health","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Health Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":466,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/health"},"news_2629":{"type":"terms","id":"news_2629","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"2629","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"tobacco","slug":"tobacco","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"tobacco Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2645,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/tobacco"},"news_2314":{"type":"terms","id":"news_2314","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"2314","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"tobacco sales","slug":"tobacco-sales","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"tobacco sales Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2329,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/tobacco-sales"},"news_18481":{"type":"terms","id":"news_18481","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"18481","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"CALmatters","slug":"calmatters","taxonomy":"affiliate","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"CALmatters Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":18515,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/affiliate/calmatters"},"news_25694":{"type":"terms","id":"news_25694","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"25694","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"income taxes","slug":"income-taxes","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"income taxes Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":25711,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/income-taxes"},"news_253":{"type":"terms","id":"news_253","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"253","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"NPR","slug":"npr","taxonomy":"affiliate","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"NPR Archives - Get the Latest News and Reports from California | KQED","description":"KQED is the NPR station for the Bay Area, providing award-winning news, programming, and community engagement.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":7083,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/affiliate/npr"},"news_1895":{"type":"terms","id":"news_1895","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"1895","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"affirmative action","slug":"affirmative-action","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"affirmative action Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1910,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/affirmative-action"},"news_4750":{"type":"terms","id":"news_4750","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"4750","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"civil rights","slug":"civil-rights","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"civil rights Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":4769,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/civil-rights"},"news_22809":{"type":"terms","id":"news_22809","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"22809","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"college admissions","slug":"college-admissions","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"college admissions Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":22826,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/college-admissions"},"news_20219":{"type":"terms","id":"news_20219","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"20219","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"race","slug":"race","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"race Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20236,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/race"},"news_18540":{"type":"terms","id":"news_18540","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"18540","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Education","slug":"education","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Education Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2595,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/category/education"},"news_28520":{"type":"terms","id":"news_28520","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"28520","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Cal State University","slug":"cal-state-university","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Cal State University Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":28537,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/cal-state-university"},"news_221":{"type":"terms","id":"news_221","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"221","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"California State University","slug":"california-state-university","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"California State University Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":229,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/california-state-university"},"news_1928":{"type":"terms","id":"news_1928","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"1928","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Stanford University","slug":"stanford-university","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Stanford University Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1943,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/stanford-university"},"news_206":{"type":"terms","id":"news_206","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"206","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"University of California","slug":"university-of-california","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"University of California Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":214,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/university-of-california"},"news_19906":{"type":"terms","id":"news_19906","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"19906","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Environment","slug":"environment","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Environment Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":19923,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/category/environment"},"news_6188":{"type":"terms","id":"news_6188","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"6188","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Law and Justice","slug":"law-and-justice","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Law and Justice Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":6212,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/category/law-and-justice"},"news_356":{"type":"terms","id":"news_356","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"356","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Science","slug":"science","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Science Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":364,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/category/science"},"news_24085":{"type":"terms","id":"news_24085","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"24085","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Clean Water Act","slug":"clean-water-act","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Clean Water Act Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":24102,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/clean-water-act"},"news_21506":{"type":"terms","id":"news_21506","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"21506","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Environmental Protection Agency","slug":"environmental-protection-agency","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Environmental Protection Agency Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":21523,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/environmental-protection-agency"},"news_1116":{"type":"terms","id":"news_1116","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"1116","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"EPA","slug":"epa","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"EPA Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1127,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/epa"},"news_29609":{"type":"terms","id":"news_29609","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"29609","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"racial inequality","slug":"racial-inequality","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"racial inequality Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":29626,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/racial-inequality"},"news_23960":{"type":"terms","id":"news_23960","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"23960","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"First Amendment","slug":"first-amendment","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"First Amendment Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":23977,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/first-amendment"},"news_20682":{"type":"terms","id":"news_20682","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"20682","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Gerrymandering","slug":"gerrymandering","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Gerrymandering Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20699,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/gerrymandering"},"news_282":{"type":"terms","id":"news_282","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"282","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"redistricting","slug":"redistricting","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"redistricting Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":290,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/redistricting"},"news_201":{"type":"terms","id":"news_201","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"201","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"SCOTUS","slug":"scotus","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"SCOTUS Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":209,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/scotus"},"news_866":{"type":"terms","id":"news_866","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"866","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"abortion","slug":"abortion","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"abortion Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":876,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/abortion"},"news_30251":{"type":"terms","id":"news_30251","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"30251","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"abortion access","slug":"abortion-access","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"abortion access Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":30268,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/abortion-access"},"news_31255":{"type":"terms","id":"news_31255","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"31255","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"abortion ban","slug":"abortion-ban","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"abortion ban Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":31272,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/abortion-ban"},"news_23688":{"type":"terms","id":"news_23688","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"23688","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"roe v. wade","slug":"roe-v-wade","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"roe v. wade Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":23705,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/roe-v-wade"}},"userAgentReducer":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)","isBot":true},"userPermissionsReducer":{"wpLoggedIn":false},"localStorageReducer":{},"browserHistoryReducer":[],"eventsReducer":{},"fssReducer":{},"tvDailyScheduleReducer":{},"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer":{},"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer":{},"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer":{},"userAccountReducer":{"routeTo":"","showDeleteConfirmModal":false,"user":{"userId":"","isFound":false,"firstName":"","lastName":"","phoneNumber":"","email":"","articles":[]}},"youthMediaReducer":{},"checkPleaseReducer":{"filterData":{},"restaurantData":[]},"reframeReducer":{"attendee":null},"location":{"pathname":"/news/tag/u-s-supreme-court","previousPathname":"/"}}