4 Things to Know About California's Wildfire Smoke and Climate Change
Is The California Dream Dying? Another Family Calls it Quits on the Golden State
A California Regulator's Curious Crusade to Remake the Clean Air Act
Is Air Quality in the Bay Area Getting Worse?
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Beagle is a freelance radio producer and reporter for KQED News. He’s also a reporter and editor for online publications, Oakland North and Richmond confidential and the creator of several podcasts including, \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tales of Two Cities\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Matt and Aaron Make a Podcast\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Joke\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. An Oakland native, Matt got his start in radio as an intern with The Kitchen Sisters. Previously, he performed stand up comedy throughout the Bay Area.\u003c/span>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd65b00dfa74f15b1b363dab47089243?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Matt Beagle | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd65b00dfa74f15b1b363dab47089243?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cd65b00dfa74f15b1b363dab47089243?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mbeagle"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11960130":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11960130","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11960130","score":null,"sort":[1694010623000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"4-things-about-californias-wildfire-smoke-climate-change","title":"4 Things to Know About California's Wildfire Smoke and Climate Change","publishDate":1694010623,"format":"standard","headTitle":"4 Things to Know About California’s Wildfire Smoke and Climate Change | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Wildfires and climate change are locked in a vicious circle: Fires worsen climate change — and climate change worsens fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/insights/6-graphics-explain-climate-feedback-loop-fueling-us-fires\">those at the World Resources Institute\u003c/a>, have been increasingly sounding the alarm about this feedback loop, warning that fires don’t burn in isolation — they produce greenhouse gases that, in turn, create warmer and drier conditions that ignite more frequent and intense fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, wildfire smoke prompted another round of unhealthy air quality in California. Fires in Oregon and Northern California sent smoke into Sacramento and the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s a global nightmare: This summer, world temperatures hit an \u003ca href=\"https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/july-2023-confirmed-hottest-month-record#:~:text=The%20global%20average%20temperature%20for,previous%20warmest%20month%2C%20July%202019.\">all-time high\u003c/a>, the worst U.S. wildfire in \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/maui-deadliest-fires-us-history-507273968474a03bec332f42d10a018b\">more than a century\u003c/a> devastated Maui, a deadly \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/29/greece-wildfire-declared-largest-ever-recorded-in-eu\">fire in Greece\u003c/a> was declared Europe’s largest ever, and swaths of the Midwest and Northeast have been blanketed \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/30/us/air-quality-wildfires-smoke-forecast.html\">by smoke\u003c/a> from Canada’s forest fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California’s most intense wildfire months approach, the volume of greenhouse gases they emit is expected to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB397\">bill\u003c/a> by Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/legislator-tracker/bill-essayli-1985/\">Bill Essayli\u003c/a>, a Republican from Riverside, introduced this year would have required the state to count wildfire emissions in its efforts to reduce statewide greenhouse gases. But the bill didn’t get far: It was defeated in committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are answers to some of the key questions raised by the symbiotic relationship between wildfires and climate change:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s happening to carbon emissions as wildfires worsen?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Scientists around the world are trying to quantify just how much wildfires contribute to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, California wildfires sent an estimated 9 million metric tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, according to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/inventory/Wildfire%20Emission%20Estimates%20for%202022%20%28ADA%29.pdf\">California Air Resources Board estimates (PDF)\u003c/a>. That’s equivalent to the emissions of about 1.9 million cars in a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, California’s wildfires were its second-largest source of greenhouse gases, after transportation, according to a study published \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749122011022#!\">last year\u003c/a>. The researchers from UCLA and the University of Chicago concluded that the 2020 wildfires increased overall emissions by about 30%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When forests burn, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are released into the air. It’s considered part of a natural cycle, with plants absorbing and then releasing the chemicals into the air over time. But experts say the increasing frequency of fires might be \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/frequently-asked-questions-wildfire-emissions\">throwing this cycle out of balance\u003c/a>.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Char Miller, environmental professor, Pomona College\"]‘Where does that carbon go? It goes up into the atmosphere, it circles all around the globe, it’s affecting all of us.’[/pullquote]Emissions this year from Canada’s forests have shattered records, according to the European Union’s Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. Last year, carbon dioxide from boreal forests — the world’s northernmost forests, which span vast swaths of Canada and Alaska — hit a record high, UC Irvine researchers reported in the journal \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade0805\">Science\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fires in these northern latitudes are of deep concern to researchers, as those forests historically were too cold to experience significant burns. They are incredibly dense and emit methane from the permafrost that lies beneath them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are forests that haven’t burned, not just in decades but probably centuries,” said Char Miller, an environmental professor at Pomona College in Claremont. “Where does that carbon go? It goes up into the atmosphere, it circles all around the globe, it’s affecting all of us. It’s both symbolic and I think really significant. The coldest part of the planet is also exploding in fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, wildfires emit methane, which is a much more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://eos.org/articles/as-wildfires-grow-so-could-methane-emissions\">study published earlier this summer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will wildfire smoke derail the state’s climate goals?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Researchers are increasingly calling attention to how forest fires might be eroding \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749122011022#bbib30\">the state’s climate goals\u003c/a>, with UCLA scientists describing the state’s efforts as “up in smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Jerrett, a professor at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, said nearly two decades worth of emission reductions from power plants were threatened by the 2020 fires, which included some of California’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-wildfire-map-tracker/\">largest and most destructive fires\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Essentially, the positive impact of all that hard work over almost two decades is at risk of being swept aside by the smoke produced in a single year of record-breaking wildfires,” Jerrett said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://aqrc.ucdavis.edu/news/how-much-problem-co2-emitted-ca-wildfires\">Some experts\u003c/a> say carbon emissions from wildfires are not much of a concern — that the carbon captured by trees, brush and grasses already exists in the atmosphere so its release during fires is part of a natural cycle. As a result, they say, those emissions shouldn’t be considered net contributors to climate change.[aside postID=news_11959515 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230829-POWER-LINES-Getty-JS-KQED-1020x669.jpg']“These are distractions from the real issue which is that we need to generate a lot more renewable energy to displace our use of fossil fuels,” Anthony Wexler, director of the Air Quality Research Center at UC Davis, wrote to CalMatters in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, some experts say carbon is carbon — and that it all contributes to climate change. Jerrett and the other authors of the UCLA report \u003ca href=\"https://news.uchicago.edu/story/wildfires-are-erasing-californias-climate-gains-research-shows\">said\u003c/a> wildfire emissions should be a bigger part of California’s climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, the California Air Resources Board estimates emissions from wildfires, but it doesn’t count them against greenhouse gas targets for 2030. The targets are based only on gases produced by industries, energy, transportation \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/ghg-inventory-program\">and other human sources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://a66.asmdc.org/press-releases/20220916-governor-newsom-signs-assemblymember-muratsuchis-ab-1279-california-climate\">signed into law\u003c/a> a requirement that the state achieve net-zero emissions as quickly as possible, no later than 2045. That mandate means the state will have to ultimately consider the roles of natural and working lands, said David Clegern, an air board spokesman. However, some wildfires are “part of the natural cycle and should not count against targets,” Clegern wrote in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clegern said “It’s difficult to know” how much carbon from wildfires “might reduce the effectiveness of the state’s climate programs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s because, to a certain extent, wildfire smoke is part of a natural carbon cycle. … We cannot yet draw a bright line to accurately measure that impact,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, he said scaling back fossil fuels has to be California’s priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is working on reducing wildfire in an all-hands-on-deck manner, but we won’t really fix the problem until we quit pumping more fossil fuel emissions into the atmosphere,” Clegern said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How does the state plan to deal with carbon from fires?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>State officials say restoring the health of forests and taking steps to make sure they are more resilient to fires will result in fewer wildfires and fewer climate-changing emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air board models project that natural and working lands — forests, rangelands, urban green spaces, wetlands and farms — will be a net source of emissions through 2045, while at the same time these lands will experience a decrease in the trees, shrubbery, soil and other natural features that naturally sequester carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the proper management of these undeveloped lands will be important in the coming two decades. More than half of California’s forestland is managed by the federal government, and the Newsom administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/08/04/governor-newsom-u-s-agriculture-secretary-vilsack-and-forest-service-chief-moore-discuss-state-federal-efforts-to-build-wildfire-resilience/#:~:text=Last%20year%2C%20the%20Newsom%20Administration,the%20risk%20of%20catastrophic%20wildfire.\">announced\u003c/a> in 2021 that it was working with the Biden administration to better manage forests and build fire resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960144\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11960144\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02.jpg\" alt=\"The San Francisco skyline is illuminated in a burnt, orange smog during wildfire season.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Francisco skyline in the distance behind Crissy Field is barely visible due to smoke from wildfires burning across California on Sept. 9, 2020. Researchers say smoke from wildfires accounted for up to half of all small-particle air pollution in parts of the western U.S. in recent years. \u003ccite>(Eric Risberg/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These lands can be part of the climate solution, but we need to increase our efforts to reduce their emissions and improve their ability to store carbon into the future,” Clegern said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burning forests might be complicating the state’s climate goals in other ways, too. California’s carbon offset market has been threatened by out-of-state wildfires, the online publication Grist reported, because the state awards \u003ca href=\"https://grist.org/wildfires/california-forests-carbon-offsets-reduce-emissions/\">credits\u003c/a> to companies that maintain forests elsewhere to store carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What about the impact of smog and soot?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke is \u003ca href=\"https://www.airnow.gov/sites/default/files/2021-05/wildfire-smoke-guide-revised-2019-chapters-1-3.pdf\">toxic (PDF),\u003c/a> containing substances such as carbon monoxide and benzene, a carcinogen. Smoke’s tiny particles of soot are considered its most hazardous ingredient since they can enter airways, lodge in the lungs and trigger asthma or heart attacks. Local air quality districts regularly send out warnings in California when wildfires spread smoke, sometimes hundreds of miles from the fires.[aside label='More on Wildfires' tag='wildfire']Smoke may be negating some of California’s hard-fought \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/09/22/climate/wildfire-smoke-pollution.html?partner=slack&smid=sl-share\">clean-air gains\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"https://epic.uchicago.edu/insights/wildfire-ravaged-california-is-home-to-29-of-the-top-30-most-polluted-counties/\">report\u003c/a> last year by the Energy Policy Institute of Chicago found that some California counties were more polluted than they were in 1970. In 2020, more than half of California counties experienced their worst air pollution since 1998, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s air quality agencies do not have to consider wildfire smoke when they outline plans to attain health standards for air pollutants, such as fine particles and ozone. That’s because fires are considered “exceptional events” under the federal Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though the frequency of wildfires is increasing, we have no reason to believe that (U.S.) EPA will change how wildfire emissions are treated under the exceptional events process,” Clegern said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, concern about the impact of smoke on communities is growing. Nitrogen oxides, which form smog, appear to be increasing in rural areas — largely due to wildfires, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/acec5f\">recent UC Davis study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you go to these remote forests — which are predominantly in the north and the Sierras in the south — what you find is that there’s this large increase,” said study co-author \u003ca href=\"https://lawr.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/faloona-ian\">Ian Faloona\u003c/a>, a UC Davis bio-micro-meteorologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Every year, California wildfires emit as much carbon as almost 2 million cars, posing a threat to efforts to battle climate change.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1694044006,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1763},"headData":{"title":"4 Things to Know About California's Wildfire Smoke and Climate Change | KQED","description":"Every year, California wildfires emit as much carbon as almost 2 million cars, posing a threat to efforts to battle climate change.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"4 Things to Know About California's Wildfire Smoke and Climate Change","datePublished":"2023-09-06T14:30:23.000Z","dateModified":"2023-09-06T23:46:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/alejandro-lazo/\">Alejandro Lazo\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11960130/4-things-about-californias-wildfire-smoke-climate-change","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wildfires and climate change are locked in a vicious circle: Fires worsen climate change — and climate change worsens fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/insights/6-graphics-explain-climate-feedback-loop-fueling-us-fires\">those at the World Resources Institute\u003c/a>, have been increasingly sounding the alarm about this feedback loop, warning that fires don’t burn in isolation — they produce greenhouse gases that, in turn, create warmer and drier conditions that ignite more frequent and intense fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, wildfire smoke prompted another round of unhealthy air quality in California. Fires in Oregon and Northern California sent smoke into Sacramento and the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s a global nightmare: This summer, world temperatures hit an \u003ca href=\"https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/july-2023-confirmed-hottest-month-record#:~:text=The%20global%20average%20temperature%20for,previous%20warmest%20month%2C%20July%202019.\">all-time high\u003c/a>, the worst U.S. wildfire in \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/maui-deadliest-fires-us-history-507273968474a03bec332f42d10a018b\">more than a century\u003c/a> devastated Maui, a deadly \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/29/greece-wildfire-declared-largest-ever-recorded-in-eu\">fire in Greece\u003c/a> was declared Europe’s largest ever, and swaths of the Midwest and Northeast have been blanketed \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/30/us/air-quality-wildfires-smoke-forecast.html\">by smoke\u003c/a> from Canada’s forest fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California’s most intense wildfire months approach, the volume of greenhouse gases they emit is expected to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB397\">bill\u003c/a> by Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/legislator-tracker/bill-essayli-1985/\">Bill Essayli\u003c/a>, a Republican from Riverside, introduced this year would have required the state to count wildfire emissions in its efforts to reduce statewide greenhouse gases. But the bill didn’t get far: It was defeated in committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are answers to some of the key questions raised by the symbiotic relationship between wildfires and climate change:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s happening to carbon emissions as wildfires worsen?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Scientists around the world are trying to quantify just how much wildfires contribute to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, California wildfires sent an estimated 9 million metric tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, according to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/inventory/Wildfire%20Emission%20Estimates%20for%202022%20%28ADA%29.pdf\">California Air Resources Board estimates (PDF)\u003c/a>. That’s equivalent to the emissions of about 1.9 million cars in a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, California’s wildfires were its second-largest source of greenhouse gases, after transportation, according to a study published \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749122011022#!\">last year\u003c/a>. The researchers from UCLA and the University of Chicago concluded that the 2020 wildfires increased overall emissions by about 30%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When forests burn, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are released into the air. It’s considered part of a natural cycle, with plants absorbing and then releasing the chemicals into the air over time. But experts say the increasing frequency of fires might be \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/frequently-asked-questions-wildfire-emissions\">throwing this cycle out of balance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Where does that carbon go? It goes up into the atmosphere, it circles all around the globe, it’s affecting all of us.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Char Miller, environmental professor, Pomona College","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Emissions this year from Canada’s forests have shattered records, according to the European Union’s Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. Last year, carbon dioxide from boreal forests — the world’s northernmost forests, which span vast swaths of Canada and Alaska — hit a record high, UC Irvine researchers reported in the journal \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade0805\">Science\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fires in these northern latitudes are of deep concern to researchers, as those forests historically were too cold to experience significant burns. They are incredibly dense and emit methane from the permafrost that lies beneath them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are forests that haven’t burned, not just in decades but probably centuries,” said Char Miller, an environmental professor at Pomona College in Claremont. “Where does that carbon go? It goes up into the atmosphere, it circles all around the globe, it’s affecting all of us. It’s both symbolic and I think really significant. The coldest part of the planet is also exploding in fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, wildfires emit methane, which is a much more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://eos.org/articles/as-wildfires-grow-so-could-methane-emissions\">study published earlier this summer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will wildfire smoke derail the state’s climate goals?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Researchers are increasingly calling attention to how forest fires might be eroding \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749122011022#bbib30\">the state’s climate goals\u003c/a>, with UCLA scientists describing the state’s efforts as “up in smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Jerrett, a professor at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, said nearly two decades worth of emission reductions from power plants were threatened by the 2020 fires, which included some of California’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-wildfire-map-tracker/\">largest and most destructive fires\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Essentially, the positive impact of all that hard work over almost two decades is at risk of being swept aside by the smoke produced in a single year of record-breaking wildfires,” Jerrett said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://aqrc.ucdavis.edu/news/how-much-problem-co2-emitted-ca-wildfires\">Some experts\u003c/a> say carbon emissions from wildfires are not much of a concern — that the carbon captured by trees, brush and grasses already exists in the atmosphere so its release during fires is part of a natural cycle. As a result, they say, those emissions shouldn’t be considered net contributors to climate change.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11959515","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230829-POWER-LINES-Getty-JS-KQED-1020x669.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“These are distractions from the real issue which is that we need to generate a lot more renewable energy to displace our use of fossil fuels,” Anthony Wexler, director of the Air Quality Research Center at UC Davis, wrote to CalMatters in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, some experts say carbon is carbon — and that it all contributes to climate change. Jerrett and the other authors of the UCLA report \u003ca href=\"https://news.uchicago.edu/story/wildfires-are-erasing-californias-climate-gains-research-shows\">said\u003c/a> wildfire emissions should be a bigger part of California’s climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, the California Air Resources Board estimates emissions from wildfires, but it doesn’t count them against greenhouse gas targets for 2030. The targets are based only on gases produced by industries, energy, transportation \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/ghg-inventory-program\">and other human sources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://a66.asmdc.org/press-releases/20220916-governor-newsom-signs-assemblymember-muratsuchis-ab-1279-california-climate\">signed into law\u003c/a> a requirement that the state achieve net-zero emissions as quickly as possible, no later than 2045. That mandate means the state will have to ultimately consider the roles of natural and working lands, said David Clegern, an air board spokesman. However, some wildfires are “part of the natural cycle and should not count against targets,” Clegern wrote in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clegern said “It’s difficult to know” how much carbon from wildfires “might reduce the effectiveness of the state’s climate programs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s because, to a certain extent, wildfire smoke is part of a natural carbon cycle. … We cannot yet draw a bright line to accurately measure that impact,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, he said scaling back fossil fuels has to be California’s priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is working on reducing wildfire in an all-hands-on-deck manner, but we won’t really fix the problem until we quit pumping more fossil fuel emissions into the atmosphere,” Clegern said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How does the state plan to deal with carbon from fires?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>State officials say restoring the health of forests and taking steps to make sure they are more resilient to fires will result in fewer wildfires and fewer climate-changing emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air board models project that natural and working lands — forests, rangelands, urban green spaces, wetlands and farms — will be a net source of emissions through 2045, while at the same time these lands will experience a decrease in the trees, shrubbery, soil and other natural features that naturally sequester carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the proper management of these undeveloped lands will be important in the coming two decades. More than half of California’s forestland is managed by the federal government, and the Newsom administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/08/04/governor-newsom-u-s-agriculture-secretary-vilsack-and-forest-service-chief-moore-discuss-state-federal-efforts-to-build-wildfire-resilience/#:~:text=Last%20year%2C%20the%20Newsom%20Administration,the%20risk%20of%20catastrophic%20wildfire.\">announced\u003c/a> in 2021 that it was working with the Biden administration to better manage forests and build fire resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960144\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11960144\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02.jpg\" alt=\"The San Francisco skyline is illuminated in a burnt, orange smog during wildfire season.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/CMWildfire02-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Francisco skyline in the distance behind Crissy Field is barely visible due to smoke from wildfires burning across California on Sept. 9, 2020. Researchers say smoke from wildfires accounted for up to half of all small-particle air pollution in parts of the western U.S. in recent years. \u003ccite>(Eric Risberg/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These lands can be part of the climate solution, but we need to increase our efforts to reduce their emissions and improve their ability to store carbon into the future,” Clegern said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burning forests might be complicating the state’s climate goals in other ways, too. California’s carbon offset market has been threatened by out-of-state wildfires, the online publication Grist reported, because the state awards \u003ca href=\"https://grist.org/wildfires/california-forests-carbon-offsets-reduce-emissions/\">credits\u003c/a> to companies that maintain forests elsewhere to store carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What about the impact of smog and soot?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke is \u003ca href=\"https://www.airnow.gov/sites/default/files/2021-05/wildfire-smoke-guide-revised-2019-chapters-1-3.pdf\">toxic (PDF),\u003c/a> containing substances such as carbon monoxide and benzene, a carcinogen. Smoke’s tiny particles of soot are considered its most hazardous ingredient since they can enter airways, lodge in the lungs and trigger asthma or heart attacks. Local air quality districts regularly send out warnings in California when wildfires spread smoke, sometimes hundreds of miles from the fires.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on Wildfires ","tag":"wildfire"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Smoke may be negating some of California’s hard-fought \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/09/22/climate/wildfire-smoke-pollution.html?partner=slack&smid=sl-share\">clean-air gains\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"https://epic.uchicago.edu/insights/wildfire-ravaged-california-is-home-to-29-of-the-top-30-most-polluted-counties/\">report\u003c/a> last year by the Energy Policy Institute of Chicago found that some California counties were more polluted than they were in 1970. In 2020, more than half of California counties experienced their worst air pollution since 1998, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s air quality agencies do not have to consider wildfire smoke when they outline plans to attain health standards for air pollutants, such as fine particles and ozone. That’s because fires are considered “exceptional events” under the federal Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though the frequency of wildfires is increasing, we have no reason to believe that (U.S.) EPA will change how wildfire emissions are treated under the exceptional events process,” Clegern said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, concern about the impact of smoke on communities is growing. Nitrogen oxides, which form smog, appear to be increasing in rural areas — largely due to wildfires, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/acec5f\">recent UC Davis study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you go to these remote forests — which are predominantly in the north and the Sierras in the south — what you find is that there’s this large increase,” said study co-author \u003ca href=\"https://lawr.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/faloona-ian\">Ian Faloona\u003c/a>, a UC Davis bio-micro-meteorologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11960130/4-things-about-californias-wildfire-smoke-climate-change","authors":["byline_news_11960130"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_23716","news_20419","news_4337"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11960134","label":"news_18481"},"news_11668677":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11668677","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11668677","score":null,"sort":[1526821760000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-the-california-dream-dying-another-family-calls-it-quits-on-the-golden-state","title":"Is The California Dream Dying? Another Family Calls it Quits on the Golden State","publishDate":1526821760,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Dream | The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s 65 degrees and sunny on a Saturday afternoon in the trendy Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles. Many families are enjoying walks in Griffith Park, or eating lunch at outdoor cafés. But not Anna and Evan Colby. They're packing up their apartment in a mad dash to move to Lansing, Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're among many Californians fleeing soaring housing prices, smog and increasingly-frequent wildfires and mudslides. \u003ca href=\"http://lao.ca.gov/LAOEconTax/Article/Detail/265\">Demographers have been noting a trend in out-migration: more people are leaving California than moving here from other states. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Colbys will miss walks up to Griffith Park and adventures to places like Yosemite and Joshua Tree. But most of all, they will miss L.A.’s culinary scene. Los Feliz is one of the city's hip food corridors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are probably a dozen restaurants in our neighborhood that are walkable, better than anything we’ll find [in Michigan],” Evan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They'll also miss their Los Feliz apartment, with its view of downtown L.A. But having a new baby has shifted their priorities. They just can't squeeze into a one-bedroom anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really once we decided to have a family, at that point it was like, 'Alright, we’ve had our fun, now it’s time to find a place we can actually afford to live,' \" Evan adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11668684\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11668684\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anna and Evan Colby's apartment in Los Feliz occupied the upper-left half of the building. \u003ccite>(John Corley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Zillow, the average price for a house in Los Feliz is $1.6 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That puts the dream of home ownership out of reach for the Colbys, even though they are both college graduates with full-time jobs: \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/annajfischer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anna is a public policy advocate and research associate with two master's degrees from the University of Southern California,\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/evan-colby-23414036/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evan is a director at a healthcare data firm, with a bachelor's degree from Central Michigan University.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like so many people living in Los Angeles, Evan and Anna are from somewhere else. They grew up in the Midwest, but moved so Anna could attend graduate school at USC seven years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evan says buying a house in L.A. is \"ridiculous,\" and \"a waste of money.\" They also have concerns about L.A.’s notorious smog, especially for their baby. They've always had one indoor air purifier, but were forced to get a second one when fires hit the area last December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We actually could see ash coming down one day, and we thought we better get a more powerful [purifier],” Anna recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11668688\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11668688\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evan filled his Prius to the brim for his cross-country journey to Michigan. \u003ccite>(John Corley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On moving day, Evan stuffs his Prius to the brim with all the belongings that couldn’t fit in the moving truck. Before heading off, he has to fuel up on coffee one last time. He orders an Americano from a café just two blocks from his apartment, one of those hipster shops where they finish off their lattes with artistic designs. Sipping his coffee, he starts getting nostalgic for L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11668686\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11668686\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evan getting caffeinated with an Americano at Bru Coffeebar, one of many cafés and restaurants he and Anna enjoyed during their time in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(John Corley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Just the food in this city is so amazing. The San Gabriel [Mountains] are right there,” Evan says. “Those hikes we used to do every other weekend before the baby. Those are some of the best memories I have of being in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s been a good run,” he says. “I’m going to miss it for sure. But, I’m going to go buy a house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sound of Evan driving off in his Prius is hardly noticeable as his \"California Dream\" ends. The Colbys are simply one more California family lost to a land of cheaper living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11668687\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11668687\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evan during his final moments living in Los Angeles in an almost empty apartment. \u003ccite>(John Corley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I check back in with Anna and Evan a few weeks later as they're getting settled into their new life in Lansing, Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of weird,” Evan says. “It’s obviously saving us a lot of money, but it’s also like we’re already missing a lot of things from California or from L.A. Access to everything, food, that kind of stuff. Pretty much everything other than the expense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile Anna says that there have been positive things: in L.A. they paid more than $2,000 for a one-bedroom apartment, in Lansing they are now in a three-bedroom townhouse for around $1,300. Plus she says she is sleeping better because they have another room for the baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Colbys are among many families who've thought about giving up on the California Dream. And now that they have done it, they are having lingering doubts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve looked at each other a couple of times and said, ‘Where are we?’ ” Evan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know if we’ll ever know if it’s the right decision,” Anna says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced in collaboration with an advanced reporting class at the USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism. Students spent a semester examining what the California Dream means to Angelenos from different walks of life. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Frustrated by housing prices and smog, the Colbys pack up their Prius and say goodbye to the Golden State. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1530072964,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":951},"headData":{"title":"Is The California Dream Dying? Another Family Calls it Quits on the Golden State | KQED","description":"Frustrated by housing prices and smog, the Colbys pack up their Prius and say goodbye to the Golden State. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Is The California Dream Dying? Another Family Calls it Quits on the Golden State","datePublished":"2018-05-20T13:09:20.000Z","dateModified":"2018-06-27T04:16:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11668677 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11668677","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/05/20/is-the-california-dream-dying-another-family-calls-it-quits-on-the-golden-state/","disqusTitle":"Is The California Dream Dying? Another Family Calls it Quits on the Golden State","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2018/05/CADreamDying.mp3","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>John Corley\u003c/strong>","path":"/news/11668677/is-the-california-dream-dying-another-family-calls-it-quits-on-the-golden-state","audioDuration":356000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s 65 degrees and sunny on a Saturday afternoon in the trendy Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles. Many families are enjoying walks in Griffith Park, or eating lunch at outdoor cafés. But not Anna and Evan Colby. They're packing up their apartment in a mad dash to move to Lansing, Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're among many Californians fleeing soaring housing prices, smog and increasingly-frequent wildfires and mudslides. \u003ca href=\"http://lao.ca.gov/LAOEconTax/Article/Detail/265\">Demographers have been noting a trend in out-migration: more people are leaving California than moving here from other states. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Colbys will miss walks up to Griffith Park and adventures to places like Yosemite and Joshua Tree. But most of all, they will miss L.A.’s culinary scene. Los Feliz is one of the city's hip food corridors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are probably a dozen restaurants in our neighborhood that are walkable, better than anything we’ll find [in Michigan],” Evan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They'll also miss their Los Feliz apartment, with its view of downtown L.A. But having a new baby has shifted their priorities. They just can't squeeze into a one-bedroom anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really once we decided to have a family, at that point it was like, 'Alright, we’ve had our fun, now it’s time to find a place we can actually afford to live,' \" Evan adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11668684\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11668684\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30980_Photo2-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anna and Evan Colby's apartment in Los Feliz occupied the upper-left half of the building. \u003ccite>(John Corley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Zillow, the average price for a house in Los Feliz is $1.6 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That puts the dream of home ownership out of reach for the Colbys, even though they are both college graduates with full-time jobs: \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/annajfischer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anna is a public policy advocate and research associate with two master's degrees from the University of Southern California,\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/evan-colby-23414036/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evan is a director at a healthcare data firm, with a bachelor's degree from Central Michigan University.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like so many people living in Los Angeles, Evan and Anna are from somewhere else. They grew up in the Midwest, but moved so Anna could attend graduate school at USC seven years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evan says buying a house in L.A. is \"ridiculous,\" and \"a waste of money.\" They also have concerns about L.A.’s notorious smog, especially for their baby. They've always had one indoor air purifier, but were forced to get a second one when fires hit the area last December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We actually could see ash coming down one day, and we thought we better get a more powerful [purifier],” Anna recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11668688\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11668688\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30983_Photo5-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evan filled his Prius to the brim for his cross-country journey to Michigan. \u003ccite>(John Corley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On moving day, Evan stuffs his Prius to the brim with all the belongings that couldn’t fit in the moving truck. Before heading off, he has to fuel up on coffee one last time. He orders an Americano from a café just two blocks from his apartment, one of those hipster shops where they finish off their lattes with artistic designs. Sipping his coffee, he starts getting nostalgic for L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11668686\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11668686\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30981_Photo3-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evan getting caffeinated with an Americano at Bru Coffeebar, one of many cafés and restaurants he and Anna enjoyed during their time in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(John Corley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Just the food in this city is so amazing. The San Gabriel [Mountains] are right there,” Evan says. “Those hikes we used to do every other weekend before the baby. Those are some of the best memories I have of being in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s been a good run,” he says. “I’m going to miss it for sure. But, I’m going to go buy a house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sound of Evan driving off in his Prius is hardly noticeable as his \"California Dream\" ends. The Colbys are simply one more California family lost to a land of cheaper living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11668687\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11668687\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30982_Photo4-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evan during his final moments living in Los Angeles in an almost empty apartment. \u003ccite>(John Corley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I check back in with Anna and Evan a few weeks later as they're getting settled into their new life in Lansing, Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of weird,” Evan says. “It’s obviously saving us a lot of money, but it’s also like we’re already missing a lot of things from California or from L.A. Access to everything, food, that kind of stuff. Pretty much everything other than the expense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile Anna says that there have been positive things: in L.A. they paid more than $2,000 for a one-bedroom apartment, in Lansing they are now in a three-bedroom townhouse for around $1,300. Plus she says she is sleeping better because they have another room for the baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Colbys are among many families who've thought about giving up on the California Dream. And now that they have done it, they are having lingering doubts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve looked at each other a couple of times and said, ‘Where are we?’ ” Evan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know if we’ll ever know if it’s the right decision,” Anna says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced in collaboration with an advanced reporting class at the USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism. Students spent a semester examining what the California Dream means to Angelenos from different walks of life. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11668677/is-the-california-dream-dying-another-family-calls-it-quits-on-the-golden-state","authors":["byline_news_11668677"],"programs":["news_72"],"series":["news_21879"],"categories":["news_1758","news_6266","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_3921","news_4611","news_4","news_20419","news_17041"],"featImg":"news_11668685","label":"news_72"},"news_11463233":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11463233","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11463233","score":null,"sort":[1495436486000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-california-regulators-curious-crusade-to-remake-the-clean-air-act","title":"A California Regulator's Curious Crusade to Remake the Clean Air Act","publishDate":1495436486,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: June 8, 2017:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental Protection Agency Chief Scott Pruitt this week announced he is delaying a new federal ozone standard by a year. Ozone is a gas in smog that triggers asthma and other respiratory problems. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency was scheduled to begin assessing this month which areas of the country were out of compliance, and make final determinations by October. Now the EPA will make those decisions by October 2018. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama Administration lowered the federal standard for ozone to 70 parts per billion in 2015, a move the EPA says will prevent hundreds of premature deaths and hundreds of thousands of asthma attacks in children, across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In California’s polluted San Joaquin Valley, a regulator is under fire for allying with members of Congress who want to weaken the venerable law: A joint investigation from the\u003ca href=\"https://www.publicintegrity.org/\"> Center for Public Integrity\u003c/a> and The California Report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FRESNO -- The 250-mile-long San Joaquin Valley is an economic powerhouse, producing everything from crude oil to grapes, cotton to pistachios.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'[Sadredin] swears an oath to uphold the Clean Air Act, and yet he is actively working to undermine this important environmental law.'\u003ccite>Jared Blumenfeld, former EPA regional administrator\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s also a pollution-trapping bowl, bounded on three sides by mountains and punished by meteorological conditions that cause dirty air to stagnate. All eight counties in the valley are in \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/airquality/greenbook/ancl.html\">“extreme non-attainment\u003c/a>” of the federal smog standard, which has led to penalties. Lung-searing ozone, the main component of smog, is cooked by triple-digit summer heat. Fine particles, tied to both heart and respiratory disease, fill the air on foggy winter days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, the Clean Air Act was built for places like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1970 law has succeeded by any number of measures. Its benefits -- in the form of improved health and productivity, along with lower medical expenses -- have \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/benefits-and-costs-clean-air-act-1990-2020-second-prospective-study\">far exceeded its economic costs\u003c/a>, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11463329\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11463329 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An oil field in Lost Hills, California. The nearest air monitor measuring fine particles in the air is some 50 miles away. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By 2020, the EPA estimated in a peer-reviewed, congressionally mandated report, it will prevent more than 230,000 premature deaths annually from \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics#effects\">microscopic particles\u003c/a> that can make their way deep into the lungs and bloodstream after being discharged by cars, trucks, industrial sites and agricultural operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even here, the law has had demonstrable effects. In 2015, for example, the valley exceeded the federal ozone standard on 55 days, compared to 90 days in 2005 and 113 days in 1995, data from the California Air Resources Board show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a place where agriculture and oil rule, however, the act has become a bone of contention, fueled by an anti-regulatory mood in Washington and a curious and controversial alliance of business interests and the local air pollution control agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of that agency, Seyed Sadredin, is a favorite of lawmakers who want to soften the act. In his third appearance before Congress since October 2015, Sadredin \u003ca href=\"https://energycommerce.house.gov/hearings-and-votes/hearings/hr-806-ozone-standards-implementation-act-2017\">complained at a House hearing\u003c/a> this spring about the law’s “artificial and arbitrary” deadlines, which he said could lead to “devastating federal sanctions” in the valley for pollution beyond his regulatory reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Letters to members of Congress\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One example of a letter Seyed Sadredin sent to members of Congress last year, urging them to co-sponsor a bill making changes to the Clean Air Act. The letter argues the region is “hampered by the unintended consequences of many outdated provisions of the Clean Air Act.” The letter was sent to Devin Nunes but accidentally addressed to Congressman Jim Costa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[LetterNunes]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Some of the provisions of the Clean Air Act, although well-intentioned, are leading to unintended consequences,\" Sadredin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key elements of this esoteric drama are these: At the same time the valley is violating federal standards, its chief air pollution cop is deflecting blame and aiding politicians in D.C. eager to pry open a venerable public health statute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Sadredin] is a state officer,\" said Jared Blumenfeld, the EPA’s regional administrator in California until last year. \"He swears an oath to uphold the Clean Air Act, and yet he is actively working to undermine this important environmental law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Looking for a Scapegoat\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The conflict in the valley has roots going back 70 years. In 1947, Gov. Earl Warren signed into law the Air Pollution Control Act, authorizing each of the state’s 58 counties to create an air pollution control district. Los Angeles County, routinely enveloped in a brown cloud by that point, was the first to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the years passed, state lawmakers came to realize that, as one historical document put it, “air pollution does not respect political boundaries.” At their direction the \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/homepage.htm\">California Air Resources Board\u003c/a> divided the state into \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/knowzone/basin/basin.htm\">15 air basins\u003c/a> based on geological and meteorological characteristics. Starting with one in the Los Angeles basin in 1976, 35 regional air pollution control districts were created to address stationary sources of pollution -- oil refineries, power plants, farms -- as well as area sources like gas stations and dust from unpaved roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’re not trying to get out of our responsibilities. We just don’t want to be unfairly penalized.'\u003ccite>Seyed Sadredin,\u003cbr>\nSan Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The districts prepare detailed plans stating how they intend to meet Clean Air Act standards. The plans are sent to the Air Resources Board, which regulates mobile pollution sources such as cars and trucks (more rigorously than the federal government -- the Trump administration wants to change that). All of this is folded into a single document that goes to the EPA, which can accept or reject all or part of it. If the EPA thinks a state is malingering, it has the power to withhold federal highway funds or impose other sanctions, though it rarely does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/Home.htm\">San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District\u003c/a>, composed of eight former county offices, was formed in 1991. The district, with a staff of 310 and an annual budget of nearly $200 million, faces a herculean task in a region of 4.2 million people.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"91jjJ9XHt4cYJ2TwscrpLlbiCbHX7Y7u\"]In Fresno, one in five children has asthma -- among the highest rates in the country. Bakersfield -- seat of Kern County, California’s oil-producing leviathan -- ranked first in the nation for short-term particle pollution in the American Lung Association’s most recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.lung.org/assets/documents/healthy-air/state-of-the-air/state-of-the-air-2017.pdf\">“State of the Air”\u003c/a> report. Valley-wide, 1,200 premature deaths each year are blamed on the bad air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What to do about all of this has become the subject of endless debate and vitriol spewed by a disparate cast of characters and fueled by a changing political climate. In Washington, newly emboldened Republicans and at least one Democrat in Congress are seeking to \u003ca href=\"https://olson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/olson-capito-flake-manchin-flores-latta-reintroduce-ozone-bill\">stretch compliance deadlines\u003c/a> under the Clean Air Act, calling them unreasonable and counterproductive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many regulators and public health advocates in traditionally liberal California are watching with trepidation, but Sadredin, the air district’s executive director, is not one of them. Within weeks of Donald Trump’s election, Sadredin’s name was atop a \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/documents/PRESIDENTIAL-TRANSITION-WHITE-PAPER.pdf\">“presidential transition white paper”\u003c/a> calling for an end to “costly bureaucratic red tape” associated with the act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In interviews, Sadredin insisted he has no desire to see the law eviscerated and pointed to a district proposal sent to state legislators in February. The document said a redo of the Clean Air Act wouldn’t be necessary if Congress could find some other way to inoculate California’s hazy midsection from EPA sanctions for air pollution beyond local control -- from heavy trucks that barrel down Interstate 5 and state Highway 99, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11467563\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11467563\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad.jpg\" alt=\"Haze hangs over a road close to I-5 near Buttonwillow, in Kern County.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Haze hangs over a road close to I-5 near Buttonwillow, in Kern County. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re not trying to get out of our responsibilities,” Sadredin said. “We just don’t want to be unfairly penalized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, however, leaves open the option of lobbying to weaken the federal law. Dr. Alexander Sherriffs, a physician in the town of Fowler who sits on the district’s 15-member governing board, cast one of two “no” votes against the plan. At his busy clinic, just south of Fresno, Sherriffs lamented the “terrible” rates of childhood asthma he sees. Even more alarming, he said, are heart attacks among adults that may be pollution-related but aren’t recorded as such on death certificates -- “hundreds, if not a thousand, a year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Air district seeks oil lobby's help in D.C.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In this email exchange, a senior staffer at the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District tries to convince the Western States Petroleum Association, a trade group, to send a representative on an upcoming lobbying trip to Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[LetterNoble]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sherriffs acknowledged that anti-pollution measures can be costly. But so are disease and its byproducts: emergency-room visits, medication, lost school days. “We’re paying this hidden expense every day,” he said. The doctor said he’s unwilling to “get off a winning racehorse” and endorse changes to the Clean Air Act. He worries that Sadredin has joined “people with axes” in Washington who want to dismantle the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Unfair Sanctions’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For the past five years, valley residents and business owners have paid a $12 vehicle-registration surcharge for violating the federal one-hour ozone standard. An agreement between the EPA and the air district has allowed the cumulative $168 million in penalties to be used for local projects such as replacement of diesel trucks, school buses and tractors, which contribute to both smog and particle pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin says he fears the EPA could impose more draconian measures on a region of vast oil fields and farms interspersed with swaths of poverty. Among them: “no-drive” and “no-farming” days, and the withholding of billions of dollars in federal highway funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A federal remedy to bar the imposition of these unfair sanctions is our top legislative priority,” Sadredin told the \u003ca href=\"https://energycommerce.house.gov/hearings-and-votes/hearings/hr-806-ozone-standards-implementation-act-2017\">House Environment Subcommittee\u003c/a> on March 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11463336\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 576px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11463336 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"576\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut.jpg 576w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut-240x170.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut-375x266.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut-520x368.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kurt Karperos of the California Air Resources Board, urged lawmakers not to weaken the Clean Air Act at a hearing on March 22. The state air board says there's much more the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District can do to reduce pollution from the sources it regulates.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the same hearing, Kurt Karperos, deputy executive officer at the state Air Resources Board, painted a less dire picture and urged lawmakers not to weaken the Clean Air Act. Driven by the law’s health-based deadlines, the state’s air quality has improved even as its economy -- the world’s sixth-largest -- has “continued to grow and prosper,” Karperos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clean air advocates – some of whom have clashed with Sadredin for years -- say the district has dallied, especially on fine particles. The EPA defines these as being 2.5 micrometers -- 1/30th the diameter of a human hair -- or smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are constantly looking to put the blame somewhere else, find a scapegoat,” said Dolores Weller, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calcleanair.org/\">Central Valley Air Quality Coalition\u003c/a> in Fresno. “They’re supposed to be a public health agency, but they pride themselves on the customer service they offer to [air-pollution] permit holders. That’s who they want to make happy. They could care less about people who have asthma.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11467565\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11467565\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Gas flaring in an oil production area near Buttonwillow, in Kern County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gas flaring in an oil production area near Buttonwillow, in Kern County. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The coalition has compiled a list of steps it says the district could take to meet the EPA’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/naaqs/particulate-matter-pm-air-quality-standards\">PM 2.5 standard\u003c/a>, including a ban on the burning of agricultural waste and stricter controls on natural-gas flaring in oil production areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin says the district has adopted more than 600 rules since 1992 and is pondering others. People’s exposure to high smog levels is down by 90 percent since the passage of the Clean Air Act 47 years ago, he says. “If we ever reach a day when we cannot find more things to do to reduce air pollution in the valley, we’ll close shop and I will quit my job,” he wrote in an email to the Center for Public Integrity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin says the federal law’s overlapping deadlines and ever-tightening requirements impede progress in places like the valley: Just as the district figures out how to meet one standard, another appears on the horizon. The Air Resources Board, however, characterizes this as a self-inflicted problem. The San Joaquin Valley air district “has chosen to develop separate plans for individual standards,” the board said in a written statement. In contrast, the South Coast Air Quality Management District, in the Los Angeles area, has found a way to “address all standards simultaneously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"When the air is really bad, everybody in Lost Hills complains — they have weepy eyes, they’re getting sick. We need the air district to do something about this.'\u003ccite>Saul Ruiz, Homeowner\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sadredin speaks often about a family of chemicals called \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/no2-pollution/basic-information-about-no2#What%20is%20NO2\">nitrogen oxides\u003c/a>, or NOx, which contribute to the valley’s vexing fine-particle problem. Eighty-five percent of NOx emissions come from mobile sources “outside our regulatory authority” -- mostly trucks and locomotives -- he testified at the House hearing in March. But state officials say that up to half of the particle pollution in the valley comes from sources regulated by the district. In October, the Air Resources Board kicked back for revisions a district plan to address the problem. The plan is scheduled to come up for discussion by the board this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our job is to make sure [districts] are working in tandem and meet federal standards,” board member Dean Florez, a former Democratic state senator from Bakersfield, wrote in an email to the Center for Public Integrity. “If one district goes astray, that’s really concerning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin “does not represent California or other air districts in his messages in D.C.,” Florez wrote. “His constant refrain that they have left no stone unturned is disingenuous. He needs to take a proactive approach to meeting federal and state air quality requirements as opposed to dragging his feet and only complying minimally at the last minute.”\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=\"CSdoeBaNOEfucy439XPWzZP6HQCWXVUD\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Pro-business’ Regulator\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most members of the air district’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/Board_meetings/GB/governing_board_roster.htm\">governing board\u003c/a> have parochial interests: eight of the 15 are county supervisors, five sit on city councils. Ties to oil and agriculture – which together contribute some $40 billion to the valley economy – are strong. The exceptions: two board members appointed by the governor to make sure the health of all valley residents is considered and science is respected as policy is made. Legislation was required to create those seats, which are occupied by Dr. Sherriffs and John Capitman, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnostate.edu/chhs/cvhpi/\">Central Valley Health Policy Institute\u003c/a> at California State University, Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin, 57, began working for the district in 1981 and became executive director in 2006. In a 2013 radio talk-show interview, he described himself as a “pro-business conservative” and blamed “extremist environmental groups” for the EPA sanctions that led to the $12-per-vehicle surcharge.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The district is scrambling to figure out how to meet the national air standards. The response has been to ask for amendments to the Clean Air Act to give them excuses for not meeting certain requirements.'\u003ccite>Paul Cort, Earthjustice\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The board's chairman, Fresno City Councilman Oliver L. Baines III, said the initiative merely argued for “common-sense” updates to the law that would help protect low-income communities like his West Fresno district, home to one of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/04/23/worried-about-pollution-where-you-live-check-how-your-zip-code-ranks/\">most polluted ZIP codes in the state.\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSadredin wrote in an email that he is a “life-long Democrat” who twice voted for Barack Obama. While he reports to a “conservative, pro-Business board,” he wrote, the body “has promulgated clean air programs that serve as a model for the rest of the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the district’s board adopted a Clean Air Act “\u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/2015-Clean-Air-Act-Modernization-Proposal.pdf\">modernization\u003c/a>” proposal, which suggested, among other things, that “technological and economic feasibility” be contemplated along with the health benefits of pollution controls. When the proposal came up for a vote, Sherriffs and Capitman were the only dissenters. Capitman said the plan “picks up the worst ideas in the country on how to move away from the Clean Air Act. I’m extremely uncomfortable about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>A fellow regulator chastises Sadredin for his congressional testimony.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Immediately after Seyed Sadredin, executive director of the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District, finishes testifying before Congress, his counterpart in California's San Luis Obispo County expresses his displeasure. \"O3\" is shorthand for ozone, a key component of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[SadredinTestimony]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“No person in my position who represents a disadvantaged community is going to jeopardize public health,” Baines said. But he said he’s puzzled by resistance to legislative remedies that would shield such places from crippling sanctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We actually approached air quality advocates in the valley and said, ‘Hey, this is what we’d like to do. We would like your support,’ ” Baines said. “And, you know, they refuse to help. They are simply afraid to introduce any legislation that would allow the Clean Air Act to be opened up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emails obtained by the Center for Public Integrity under the California Public Records Act seem to underpin the advocates’ skepticism. They show, for example, that the district solicited the lobbying help of an oil industry trade group, the Western States Petroleum Association, “a strong supporter of our federal efforts to improve the Clean Air Act.” Those efforts have aligned the district with an informal coalition led by \u003ca href=\"http://www.allawgp.com/attorneys/jed-anderson/\">Jed Anderson\u003c/a>, a Houston-area lawyer who represents corporations in pollution cases and runs a website called \u003ca href=\"https://cleanairreform.org/\">cleanairreform.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, Anderson attended a \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/topc/presentations.htm\">district-organized scientific conference\u003c/a> at Yosemite National Park addressing one of Sadredin’s fixations: pollution that drifts into California from as far away as China. The California Air Resources Board says the phenomenon has a negligible effect on the San Joaquin Valley’s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11463339\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11463339\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ruiz family lives in Lost Hills, near dusty pistachio farms and less than a quarter-mile from an active oil field ... and just off I-5, where trucks rumble past day and night. 14-year old Saul Ruiz Jr. gets sudden nosebleeds when the air is bad. 21-year old sister, Ericka, has asthma. Their younger sister, Julissa, falls asleep frequently at school and doctors can't figure out why. Her parents say it happens more often on bad-air days. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a telephone interview, Anderson said he was “blown away” by Sadredin’s commitment to fixing the federal law. Sadredin called Anderson “an interesting character” who had “zero input” on district policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Nosebleeds and Asthma Attacks in Lost Hills\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The 11 members of the Ruiz family breathe some of the valley’s worst air. They live in the Kern County community of Lost Hills, which adjoins an oil field of the same name. Emissions from the field mingle with those from farms and traffic; the Tehachapi Mountains to the southeast hold much of it in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nine Ruiz children suffer chronic health problems their parents blame on pollution. Saul Jr., 14, gets nosebleeds and headaches when the air is especially fetid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’ll be out playing, and suddenly he’s bathed in blood,” his father, Saul Sr., said in Spanish. Twenty-one-year-old Ericka is asthmatic and had attacks so severe when she was younger that she would turn purple, necessitating visits to the emergency room. Nine-year-old Julissa is constantly exhausted and falls asleep in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11463351\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11463351\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Environmental Justice organizer Rosanna Esparza shows the Ruiz family how to measure indoor and outdoor air quality with a monitor as part of a community monitoring project. They've collected data using Speck Monitors developed at Carnegie Mellon University Robotics Institute. Monitoring data will be collected at 20 homes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Leaving is out of the question, Saul Sr. said. He stays home on disability and takes care of the children; his wife works at a pistachio-packing plant nearby. “When the air is really bad, everybody in Lost Hills complains -- they have weepy eyes, they’re getting sick,” he said. “We need the air district to do something about this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What, exactly, is in the air? It’s hard to say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nearest district air-monitoring stations for ozone and fine particles are about 25 miles and 50 miles away, respectively. With modest foundation funding, Rosanna Esparza, an organizer with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.crpe-ej.org/\">Center on Race, Poverty & the Environment\u003c/a>, last year installed monitors inside and outside 20 homes, including the Ruizes’, in and around Lost Hills. Esparza said the devices have detected spikes of fine particles, which can cause symptoms reported by residents: headaches, lethargy, respiratory problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier sampling outside three homes picked up consistent levels of volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, as well as the toxic gas methane. While none of the individual VOC levels was above short-term limits, Esparza said she worries about the cumulative effects. She expects the current round of testing to continue through August and said the results will be presented to air district officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://bakersfieldnow.com/news/local/armed-with-infrared-camera-citizen-group-monitors-oil-gas-emissions\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not doing their job,” she said. “Somebody’s got to do it. We shouldn’t be picking up the tab on this kind of work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin said the district has “one of the most extensive air-monitoring systems in the nation.” But each station costs about $500,000 to build and $70,000 a year to maintain, with the EPA traditionally footing most of the bill. People in places like Lost Hills are left with a web-based tool that allows a user to type in an address and get an estimate of local air quality based on computer modeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County embraces the oil industry as warmly as it does country-music legends Merle Haggard and Buck Owens, who created the rock 'n' roll-influenced Bakersfield Sound. More than 80 percent of California’s oil production comes from the county, which had 44,000 active wells in 2015 and, thanks to an ordinance that eased permitting, could have 72,000 more by 2035. Clean air activists like Tom Frantz are a decided minority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frantz, an almond farmer and a member of the Air Resources Board’s Environmental Justice Advisory Committee, complains regularly about flaring -- the burning of natural gas for economic or safety reasons -- which throws off NOx and VOCs and adds to the valley’s smog and particle burdens. He kept close watch over one flare in the city of Shafter, six-tenths of a mile from an elementary school, which roared off and on for 17 years until it finally was extinguished. Last year the district gave it permission to release 70,017 pounds of pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Explore this interactive map to find out how many active wells there are across Kern County. Circle size corresponds to the number of wells within one mile of a school:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[KernCountyMap]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like having maybe a dozen diesel trucks making a 1-mile loop, continuously, in your neighborhood,” Frantz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public interest law firm Earthjustice, the “extremist” group to which Sadredin says he was referring in the 2013 radio interview, has challenged -- unsuccessfully thus far -- district permits issued to two Kern County facilities that accept rail shipments of exceptionally noxious crude oil from North Dakota and tar sands from Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firm has had better luck pushing back on district air-pollution plans, convincing the EPA and a federal appeals court to reject aspects as deficient. “The district is scrambling to figure out how to meet the national air standards,” said Paul Cort, an Earthjustice lawyer in San Francisco. “The response has been to ask for amendments to the Clean Air Act to give them excuses for not meeting certain requirements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Improving the Process\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/evolution-clean-air-act\">Clean Air Act\u003c/a> is not immutable. It was amended -- fortified -- by Congress in 1990 to address airborne chemicals and acid rain. President George H.W. Bush \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=19039\">signed the legislation\u003c/a> -- “a demonstration to the American people,” he said, “of my determination that each and every American shall breathe clean air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, however, some lawmakers want to relax the act rather than strengthen it. The \u003ca href=\"http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF18/20170322/105754/BILLS-115HR806ih.pdf\">bill\u003c/a> on which Sadredin testified in March would, among other things, slow mandatory review of clean air standards by the EPA from every five years to every 10 years and require the agency to consider “technological feasibility” when revising those standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to the Center for Public Integrity, the bill’s sponsor, \u003ca href=\"https://olson.house.gov/\">Rep. Pete Olson\u003c/a>, R-Texas, wrote, “We have made important progress in improving air quality, but state after state has informed us that under the current system, there are Administrative nightmares with respect to compliance and feasibility. We also know that there is pollution beyond our control that drifts into the U.S. from around the world or occurs naturally. This bill is simply about improving the process for state air regulators and industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Janet McCabe, who ran the EPA’s Office of Air and Radiation late in the Obama administration, sees something more ominous at work. The feasibility provision of Olson’s bill is “a big, big deal,” she said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Air Act dictates that standards be health-based, driven by science and not economics, McCabe said; cost comes into play only after the numbers are set. The law already gives states time to devise and implement pollution-control strategies, she said. “They are not expected to do things that are ridiculously costly or that don’t make sense.” Nor are states responsible for pollution beyond their control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An EPA spokeswoman declined to comment on the Olson bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tighter Standards, More Alarming Science\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s true that standards under the act keep changing. In 1997, the federal ozone limit was set at 80 parts per billion. It went down to 75 ppb in 2008 and 70 ppb in 2015 (a number Trump’s EPA chief, Scott Pruitt, is reconsidering). The San Joaquin Valley isn’t projected to hit these targets until 2023, 2031 and 2037, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"h3ViIvhbrJm7AurqAEjpR8zBXhzBMZaT\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a reason ozone limits have gotten stricter: The science has gotten scarier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the March 22 hearing, \u003ca href=\"http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF18/20170322/105754/HHRG-115-IF18-Wstate-BousheyH-20170322.pdf\">Dr. Homer Boushey\u003c/a>, a lung specialist at the University of California, San Francisco, said there is mounting evidence that ozone not only worsens asthma in children but also may induce it, and that it causes premature death and neurological changes -- like those seen in victims of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s -- among adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF18/20170322/105754/HHRG-115-IF18-Wstate-KarperosK-20170322.pdf\">Karperos\u003c/a>, of the California Air Resources Board, testified that Olson’s bill “would mean more people would breathe dirty air longer.” He singled out Sadredin’s domain, saying, “The San Joaquin Valley, in particular, is home to high rates of poverty, pollution and asthma. It is especially critical to continue progress in that region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin said he’s spoken privately to progressive elected officials and environmentalists who have warned, “You don’t want to open the act in this Congress, because then they would go beyond some of the reasonable things you’re asking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He finds this illogical, he said, but allowed, “I suppose they have to say things like that -- that, you know, the Clean Air Act is the holy grail we should not even think about changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jim Morris is managing editor for environment and labor at the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.publicintegrity.org/\">\u003cem>Center for Public Integrity\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit investigative news organization in Washington, D.C. Sasha Khokha is host of KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-california-report/\">\u003cem>The California Report Magazine\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a statewide public radio program, and reported for 12 years from Fresno as KQED's Central Valley bureau chief. Kimberly Kenny, Ana Santos and Carolyn Zhang contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In state's polluted San Joaquin Valley, an air pollution control officer is under fire for allying with members of Congress who want to weaken the Clean Air Act.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1504299175,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":87,"wordCount":4861},"headData":{"title":"A California Regulator's Curious Crusade to Remake the Clean Air Act | KQED","description":"In state's polluted San Joaquin Valley, an air pollution control officer is under fire for allying with members of Congress who want to weaken the Clean Air Act.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"A California Regulator's Curious Crusade to Remake the Clean Air Act","datePublished":"2017-05-22T07:01:26.000Z","dateModified":"2017-09-01T20:52:55.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11463233 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11463233","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/22/a-california-regulators-curious-crusade-to-remake-the-clean-air-act/","disqusTitle":"A California Regulator's Curious Crusade to Remake the Clean Air Act","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2017/06/CleanAirAct170605.mp3","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.publicintegrity.org/authors/jim-morris\">Jim Morris\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/author/sasha-khokha/\">Sasha Khokha\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>","path":"/news/11463233/a-california-regulators-curious-crusade-to-remake-the-clean-air-act","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: June 8, 2017:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental Protection Agency Chief Scott Pruitt this week announced he is delaying a new federal ozone standard by a year. Ozone is a gas in smog that triggers asthma and other respiratory problems. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency was scheduled to begin assessing this month which areas of the country were out of compliance, and make final determinations by October. Now the EPA will make those decisions by October 2018. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama Administration lowered the federal standard for ozone to 70 parts per billion in 2015, a move the EPA says will prevent hundreds of premature deaths and hundreds of thousands of asthma attacks in children, across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In California’s polluted San Joaquin Valley, a regulator is under fire for allying with members of Congress who want to weaken the venerable law: A joint investigation from the\u003ca href=\"https://www.publicintegrity.org/\"> Center for Public Integrity\u003c/a> and The California Report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FRESNO -- The 250-mile-long San Joaquin Valley is an economic powerhouse, producing everything from crude oil to grapes, cotton to pistachios.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'[Sadredin] swears an oath to uphold the Clean Air Act, and yet he is actively working to undermine this important environmental law.'\u003ccite>Jared Blumenfeld, former EPA regional administrator\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s also a pollution-trapping bowl, bounded on three sides by mountains and punished by meteorological conditions that cause dirty air to stagnate. All eight counties in the valley are in \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/airquality/greenbook/ancl.html\">“extreme non-attainment\u003c/a>” of the federal smog standard, which has led to penalties. Lung-searing ozone, the main component of smog, is cooked by triple-digit summer heat. Fine particles, tied to both heart and respiratory disease, fill the air on foggy winter days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, the Clean Air Act was built for places like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1970 law has succeeded by any number of measures. Its benefits -- in the form of improved health and productivity, along with lower medical expenses -- have \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/benefits-and-costs-clean-air-act-1990-2020-second-prospective-study\">far exceeded its economic costs\u003c/a>, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11463329\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11463329 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An oil field in Lost Hills, California. The nearest air monitor measuring fine particles in the air is some 50 miles away. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By 2020, the EPA estimated in a peer-reviewed, congressionally mandated report, it will prevent more than 230,000 premature deaths annually from \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics#effects\">microscopic particles\u003c/a> that can make their way deep into the lungs and bloodstream after being discharged by cars, trucks, industrial sites and agricultural operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even here, the law has had demonstrable effects. In 2015, for example, the valley exceeded the federal ozone standard on 55 days, compared to 90 days in 2005 and 113 days in 1995, data from the California Air Resources Board show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a place where agriculture and oil rule, however, the act has become a bone of contention, fueled by an anti-regulatory mood in Washington and a curious and controversial alliance of business interests and the local air pollution control agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of that agency, Seyed Sadredin, is a favorite of lawmakers who want to soften the act. In his third appearance before Congress since October 2015, Sadredin \u003ca href=\"https://energycommerce.house.gov/hearings-and-votes/hearings/hr-806-ozone-standards-implementation-act-2017\">complained at a House hearing\u003c/a> this spring about the law’s “artificial and arbitrary” deadlines, which he said could lead to “devastating federal sanctions” in the valley for pollution beyond his regulatory reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Letters to members of Congress\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One example of a letter Seyed Sadredin sent to members of Congress last year, urging them to co-sponsor a bill making changes to the Clean Air Act. The letter argues the region is “hampered by the unintended consequences of many outdated provisions of the Clean Air Act.” The letter was sent to Devin Nunes but accidentally addressed to Congressman Jim Costa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[LetterNunes]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Some of the provisions of the Clean Air Act, although well-intentioned, are leading to unintended consequences,\" Sadredin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key elements of this esoteric drama are these: At the same time the valley is violating federal standards, its chief air pollution cop is deflecting blame and aiding politicians in D.C. eager to pry open a venerable public health statute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Sadredin] is a state officer,\" said Jared Blumenfeld, the EPA’s regional administrator in California until last year. \"He swears an oath to uphold the Clean Air Act, and yet he is actively working to undermine this important environmental law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Looking for a Scapegoat\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The conflict in the valley has roots going back 70 years. In 1947, Gov. Earl Warren signed into law the Air Pollution Control Act, authorizing each of the state’s 58 counties to create an air pollution control district. Los Angeles County, routinely enveloped in a brown cloud by that point, was the first to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the years passed, state lawmakers came to realize that, as one historical document put it, “air pollution does not respect political boundaries.” At their direction the \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/homepage.htm\">California Air Resources Board\u003c/a> divided the state into \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/knowzone/basin/basin.htm\">15 air basins\u003c/a> based on geological and meteorological characteristics. Starting with one in the Los Angeles basin in 1976, 35 regional air pollution control districts were created to address stationary sources of pollution -- oil refineries, power plants, farms -- as well as area sources like gas stations and dust from unpaved roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’re not trying to get out of our responsibilities. We just don’t want to be unfairly penalized.'\u003ccite>Seyed Sadredin,\u003cbr>\nSan Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The districts prepare detailed plans stating how they intend to meet Clean Air Act standards. The plans are sent to the Air Resources Board, which regulates mobile pollution sources such as cars and trucks (more rigorously than the federal government -- the Trump administration wants to change that). All of this is folded into a single document that goes to the EPA, which can accept or reject all or part of it. If the EPA thinks a state is malingering, it has the power to withhold federal highway funds or impose other sanctions, though it rarely does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/Home.htm\">San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District\u003c/a>, composed of eight former county offices, was formed in 1991. The district, with a staff of 310 and an annual budget of nearly $200 million, faces a herculean task in a region of 4.2 million people.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In Fresno, one in five children has asthma -- among the highest rates in the country. Bakersfield -- seat of Kern County, California’s oil-producing leviathan -- ranked first in the nation for short-term particle pollution in the American Lung Association’s most recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.lung.org/assets/documents/healthy-air/state-of-the-air/state-of-the-air-2017.pdf\">“State of the Air”\u003c/a> report. Valley-wide, 1,200 premature deaths each year are blamed on the bad air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What to do about all of this has become the subject of endless debate and vitriol spewed by a disparate cast of characters and fueled by a changing political climate. In Washington, newly emboldened Republicans and at least one Democrat in Congress are seeking to \u003ca href=\"https://olson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/olson-capito-flake-manchin-flores-latta-reintroduce-ozone-bill\">stretch compliance deadlines\u003c/a> under the Clean Air Act, calling them unreasonable and counterproductive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many regulators and public health advocates in traditionally liberal California are watching with trepidation, but Sadredin, the air district’s executive director, is not one of them. Within weeks of Donald Trump’s election, Sadredin’s name was atop a \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/documents/PRESIDENTIAL-TRANSITION-WHITE-PAPER.pdf\">“presidential transition white paper”\u003c/a> calling for an end to “costly bureaucratic red tape” associated with the act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In interviews, Sadredin insisted he has no desire to see the law eviscerated and pointed to a district proposal sent to state legislators in February. The document said a redo of the Clean Air Act wouldn’t be necessary if Congress could find some other way to inoculate California’s hazy midsection from EPA sanctions for air pollution beyond local control -- from heavy trucks that barrel down Interstate 5 and state Highway 99, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11467563\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11467563\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad.jpg\" alt=\"Haze hangs over a road close to I-5 near Buttonwillow, in Kern County.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Haze hangs over a road close to I-5 near Buttonwillow, in Kern County. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re not trying to get out of our responsibilities,” Sadredin said. “We just don’t want to be unfairly penalized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, however, leaves open the option of lobbying to weaken the federal law. Dr. Alexander Sherriffs, a physician in the town of Fowler who sits on the district’s 15-member governing board, cast one of two “no” votes against the plan. At his busy clinic, just south of Fresno, Sherriffs lamented the “terrible” rates of childhood asthma he sees. Even more alarming, he said, are heart attacks among adults that may be pollution-related but aren’t recorded as such on death certificates -- “hundreds, if not a thousand, a year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Air district seeks oil lobby's help in D.C.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In this email exchange, a senior staffer at the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District tries to convince the Western States Petroleum Association, a trade group, to send a representative on an upcoming lobbying trip to Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[LetterNoble]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sherriffs acknowledged that anti-pollution measures can be costly. But so are disease and its byproducts: emergency-room visits, medication, lost school days. “We’re paying this hidden expense every day,” he said. The doctor said he’s unwilling to “get off a winning racehorse” and endorse changes to the Clean Air Act. He worries that Sadredin has joined “people with axes” in Washington who want to dismantle the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Unfair Sanctions’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For the past five years, valley residents and business owners have paid a $12 vehicle-registration surcharge for violating the federal one-hour ozone standard. An agreement between the EPA and the air district has allowed the cumulative $168 million in penalties to be used for local projects such as replacement of diesel trucks, school buses and tractors, which contribute to both smog and particle pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin says he fears the EPA could impose more draconian measures on a region of vast oil fields and farms interspersed with swaths of poverty. Among them: “no-drive” and “no-farming” days, and the withholding of billions of dollars in federal highway funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A federal remedy to bar the imposition of these unfair sanctions is our top legislative priority,” Sadredin told the \u003ca href=\"https://energycommerce.house.gov/hearings-and-votes/hearings/hr-806-ozone-standards-implementation-act-2017\">House Environment Subcommittee\u003c/a> on March 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11463336\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 576px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11463336 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"576\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut.jpg 576w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut-240x170.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut-375x266.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut-520x368.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kurt Karperos of the California Air Resources Board, urged lawmakers not to weaken the Clean Air Act at a hearing on March 22. The state air board says there's much more the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District can do to reduce pollution from the sources it regulates.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the same hearing, Kurt Karperos, deputy executive officer at the state Air Resources Board, painted a less dire picture and urged lawmakers not to weaken the Clean Air Act. Driven by the law’s health-based deadlines, the state’s air quality has improved even as its economy -- the world’s sixth-largest -- has “continued to grow and prosper,” Karperos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clean air advocates – some of whom have clashed with Sadredin for years -- say the district has dallied, especially on fine particles. The EPA defines these as being 2.5 micrometers -- 1/30th the diameter of a human hair -- or smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are constantly looking to put the blame somewhere else, find a scapegoat,” said Dolores Weller, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calcleanair.org/\">Central Valley Air Quality Coalition\u003c/a> in Fresno. “They’re supposed to be a public health agency, but they pride themselves on the customer service they offer to [air-pollution] permit holders. That’s who they want to make happy. They could care less about people who have asthma.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11467565\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11467565\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Gas flaring in an oil production area near Buttonwillow, in Kern County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gas flaring in an oil production area near Buttonwillow, in Kern County. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The coalition has compiled a list of steps it says the district could take to meet the EPA’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/naaqs/particulate-matter-pm-air-quality-standards\">PM 2.5 standard\u003c/a>, including a ban on the burning of agricultural waste and stricter controls on natural-gas flaring in oil production areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin says the district has adopted more than 600 rules since 1992 and is pondering others. People’s exposure to high smog levels is down by 90 percent since the passage of the Clean Air Act 47 years ago, he says. “If we ever reach a day when we cannot find more things to do to reduce air pollution in the valley, we’ll close shop and I will quit my job,” he wrote in an email to the Center for Public Integrity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin says the federal law’s overlapping deadlines and ever-tightening requirements impede progress in places like the valley: Just as the district figures out how to meet one standard, another appears on the horizon. The Air Resources Board, however, characterizes this as a self-inflicted problem. The San Joaquin Valley air district “has chosen to develop separate plans for individual standards,” the board said in a written statement. In contrast, the South Coast Air Quality Management District, in the Los Angeles area, has found a way to “address all standards simultaneously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"When the air is really bad, everybody in Lost Hills complains — they have weepy eyes, they’re getting sick. We need the air district to do something about this.'\u003ccite>Saul Ruiz, Homeowner\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sadredin speaks often about a family of chemicals called \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/no2-pollution/basic-information-about-no2#What%20is%20NO2\">nitrogen oxides\u003c/a>, or NOx, which contribute to the valley’s vexing fine-particle problem. Eighty-five percent of NOx emissions come from mobile sources “outside our regulatory authority” -- mostly trucks and locomotives -- he testified at the House hearing in March. But state officials say that up to half of the particle pollution in the valley comes from sources regulated by the district. In October, the Air Resources Board kicked back for revisions a district plan to address the problem. The plan is scheduled to come up for discussion by the board this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our job is to make sure [districts] are working in tandem and meet federal standards,” board member Dean Florez, a former Democratic state senator from Bakersfield, wrote in an email to the Center for Public Integrity. “If one district goes astray, that’s really concerning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin “does not represent California or other air districts in his messages in D.C.,” Florez wrote. “His constant refrain that they have left no stone unturned is disingenuous. He needs to take a proactive approach to meeting federal and state air quality requirements as opposed to dragging his feet and only complying minimally at the last minute.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Pro-business’ Regulator\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most members of the air district’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/Board_meetings/GB/governing_board_roster.htm\">governing board\u003c/a> have parochial interests: eight of the 15 are county supervisors, five sit on city councils. Ties to oil and agriculture – which together contribute some $40 billion to the valley economy – are strong. The exceptions: two board members appointed by the governor to make sure the health of all valley residents is considered and science is respected as policy is made. Legislation was required to create those seats, which are occupied by Dr. Sherriffs and John Capitman, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnostate.edu/chhs/cvhpi/\">Central Valley Health Policy Institute\u003c/a> at California State University, Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin, 57, began working for the district in 1981 and became executive director in 2006. In a 2013 radio talk-show interview, he described himself as a “pro-business conservative” and blamed “extremist environmental groups” for the EPA sanctions that led to the $12-per-vehicle surcharge.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The district is scrambling to figure out how to meet the national air standards. The response has been to ask for amendments to the Clean Air Act to give them excuses for not meeting certain requirements.'\u003ccite>Paul Cort, Earthjustice\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The board's chairman, Fresno City Councilman Oliver L. Baines III, said the initiative merely argued for “common-sense” updates to the law that would help protect low-income communities like his West Fresno district, home to one of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/04/23/worried-about-pollution-where-you-live-check-how-your-zip-code-ranks/\">most polluted ZIP codes in the state.\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSadredin wrote in an email that he is a “life-long Democrat” who twice voted for Barack Obama. While he reports to a “conservative, pro-Business board,” he wrote, the body “has promulgated clean air programs that serve as a model for the rest of the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the district’s board adopted a Clean Air Act “\u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/2015-Clean-Air-Act-Modernization-Proposal.pdf\">modernization\u003c/a>” proposal, which suggested, among other things, that “technological and economic feasibility” be contemplated along with the health benefits of pollution controls. When the proposal came up for a vote, Sherriffs and Capitman were the only dissenters. Capitman said the plan “picks up the worst ideas in the country on how to move away from the Clean Air Act. I’m extremely uncomfortable about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>A fellow regulator chastises Sadredin for his congressional testimony.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Immediately after Seyed Sadredin, executive director of the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District, finishes testifying before Congress, his counterpart in California's San Luis Obispo County expresses his displeasure. \"O3\" is shorthand for ozone, a key component of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[SadredinTestimony]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“No person in my position who represents a disadvantaged community is going to jeopardize public health,” Baines said. But he said he’s puzzled by resistance to legislative remedies that would shield such places from crippling sanctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We actually approached air quality advocates in the valley and said, ‘Hey, this is what we’d like to do. We would like your support,’ ” Baines said. “And, you know, they refuse to help. They are simply afraid to introduce any legislation that would allow the Clean Air Act to be opened up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emails obtained by the Center for Public Integrity under the California Public Records Act seem to underpin the advocates’ skepticism. They show, for example, that the district solicited the lobbying help of an oil industry trade group, the Western States Petroleum Association, “a strong supporter of our federal efforts to improve the Clean Air Act.” Those efforts have aligned the district with an informal coalition led by \u003ca href=\"http://www.allawgp.com/attorneys/jed-anderson/\">Jed Anderson\u003c/a>, a Houston-area lawyer who represents corporations in pollution cases and runs a website called \u003ca href=\"https://cleanairreform.org/\">cleanairreform.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, Anderson attended a \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/topc/presentations.htm\">district-organized scientific conference\u003c/a> at Yosemite National Park addressing one of Sadredin’s fixations: pollution that drifts into California from as far away as China. The California Air Resources Board says the phenomenon has a negligible effect on the San Joaquin Valley’s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11463339\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11463339\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ruiz family lives in Lost Hills, near dusty pistachio farms and less than a quarter-mile from an active oil field ... and just off I-5, where trucks rumble past day and night. 14-year old Saul Ruiz Jr. gets sudden nosebleeds when the air is bad. 21-year old sister, Ericka, has asthma. Their younger sister, Julissa, falls asleep frequently at school and doctors can't figure out why. Her parents say it happens more often on bad-air days. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a telephone interview, Anderson said he was “blown away” by Sadredin’s commitment to fixing the federal law. Sadredin called Anderson “an interesting character” who had “zero input” on district policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Nosebleeds and Asthma Attacks in Lost Hills\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The 11 members of the Ruiz family breathe some of the valley’s worst air. They live in the Kern County community of Lost Hills, which adjoins an oil field of the same name. Emissions from the field mingle with those from farms and traffic; the Tehachapi Mountains to the southeast hold much of it in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nine Ruiz children suffer chronic health problems their parents blame on pollution. Saul Jr., 14, gets nosebleeds and headaches when the air is especially fetid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’ll be out playing, and suddenly he’s bathed in blood,” his father, Saul Sr., said in Spanish. Twenty-one-year-old Ericka is asthmatic and had attacks so severe when she was younger that she would turn purple, necessitating visits to the emergency room. Nine-year-old Julissa is constantly exhausted and falls asleep in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11463351\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11463351\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Environmental Justice organizer Rosanna Esparza shows the Ruiz family how to measure indoor and outdoor air quality with a monitor as part of a community monitoring project. They've collected data using Speck Monitors developed at Carnegie Mellon University Robotics Institute. Monitoring data will be collected at 20 homes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Leaving is out of the question, Saul Sr. said. He stays home on disability and takes care of the children; his wife works at a pistachio-packing plant nearby. “When the air is really bad, everybody in Lost Hills complains -- they have weepy eyes, they’re getting sick,” he said. “We need the air district to do something about this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What, exactly, is in the air? It’s hard to say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nearest district air-monitoring stations for ozone and fine particles are about 25 miles and 50 miles away, respectively. With modest foundation funding, Rosanna Esparza, an organizer with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.crpe-ej.org/\">Center on Race, Poverty & the Environment\u003c/a>, last year installed monitors inside and outside 20 homes, including the Ruizes’, in and around Lost Hills. Esparza said the devices have detected spikes of fine particles, which can cause symptoms reported by residents: headaches, lethargy, respiratory problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier sampling outside three homes picked up consistent levels of volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, as well as the toxic gas methane. While none of the individual VOC levels was above short-term limits, Esparza said she worries about the cumulative effects. She expects the current round of testing to continue through August and said the results will be presented to air district officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://bakersfieldnow.com/news/local/armed-with-infrared-camera-citizen-group-monitors-oil-gas-emissions\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not doing their job,” she said. “Somebody’s got to do it. We shouldn’t be picking up the tab on this kind of work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin said the district has “one of the most extensive air-monitoring systems in the nation.” But each station costs about $500,000 to build and $70,000 a year to maintain, with the EPA traditionally footing most of the bill. People in places like Lost Hills are left with a web-based tool that allows a user to type in an address and get an estimate of local air quality based on computer modeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County embraces the oil industry as warmly as it does country-music legends Merle Haggard and Buck Owens, who created the rock 'n' roll-influenced Bakersfield Sound. More than 80 percent of California’s oil production comes from the county, which had 44,000 active wells in 2015 and, thanks to an ordinance that eased permitting, could have 72,000 more by 2035. Clean air activists like Tom Frantz are a decided minority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frantz, an almond farmer and a member of the Air Resources Board’s Environmental Justice Advisory Committee, complains regularly about flaring -- the burning of natural gas for economic or safety reasons -- which throws off NOx and VOCs and adds to the valley’s smog and particle burdens. He kept close watch over one flare in the city of Shafter, six-tenths of a mile from an elementary school, which roared off and on for 17 years until it finally was extinguished. Last year the district gave it permission to release 70,017 pounds of pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Explore this interactive map to find out how many active wells there are across Kern County. Circle size corresponds to the number of wells within one mile of a school:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[KernCountyMap]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like having maybe a dozen diesel trucks making a 1-mile loop, continuously, in your neighborhood,” Frantz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public interest law firm Earthjustice, the “extremist” group to which Sadredin says he was referring in the 2013 radio interview, has challenged -- unsuccessfully thus far -- district permits issued to two Kern County facilities that accept rail shipments of exceptionally noxious crude oil from North Dakota and tar sands from Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firm has had better luck pushing back on district air-pollution plans, convincing the EPA and a federal appeals court to reject aspects as deficient. “The district is scrambling to figure out how to meet the national air standards,” said Paul Cort, an Earthjustice lawyer in San Francisco. “The response has been to ask for amendments to the Clean Air Act to give them excuses for not meeting certain requirements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Improving the Process\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/evolution-clean-air-act\">Clean Air Act\u003c/a> is not immutable. It was amended -- fortified -- by Congress in 1990 to address airborne chemicals and acid rain. President George H.W. Bush \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=19039\">signed the legislation\u003c/a> -- “a demonstration to the American people,” he said, “of my determination that each and every American shall breathe clean air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, however, some lawmakers want to relax the act rather than strengthen it. The \u003ca href=\"http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF18/20170322/105754/BILLS-115HR806ih.pdf\">bill\u003c/a> on which Sadredin testified in March would, among other things, slow mandatory review of clean air standards by the EPA from every five years to every 10 years and require the agency to consider “technological feasibility” when revising those standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to the Center for Public Integrity, the bill’s sponsor, \u003ca href=\"https://olson.house.gov/\">Rep. Pete Olson\u003c/a>, R-Texas, wrote, “We have made important progress in improving air quality, but state after state has informed us that under the current system, there are Administrative nightmares with respect to compliance and feasibility. We also know that there is pollution beyond our control that drifts into the U.S. from around the world or occurs naturally. This bill is simply about improving the process for state air regulators and industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Janet McCabe, who ran the EPA’s Office of Air and Radiation late in the Obama administration, sees something more ominous at work. The feasibility provision of Olson’s bill is “a big, big deal,” she said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Air Act dictates that standards be health-based, driven by science and not economics, McCabe said; cost comes into play only after the numbers are set. The law already gives states time to devise and implement pollution-control strategies, she said. “They are not expected to do things that are ridiculously costly or that don’t make sense.” Nor are states responsible for pollution beyond their control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An EPA spokeswoman declined to comment on the Olson bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tighter Standards, More Alarming Science\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s true that standards under the act keep changing. In 1997, the federal ozone limit was set at 80 parts per billion. It went down to 75 ppb in 2008 and 70 ppb in 2015 (a number Trump’s EPA chief, Scott Pruitt, is reconsidering). The San Joaquin Valley isn’t projected to hit these targets until 2023, 2031 and 2037, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a reason ozone limits have gotten stricter: The science has gotten scarier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the March 22 hearing, \u003ca href=\"http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF18/20170322/105754/HHRG-115-IF18-Wstate-BousheyH-20170322.pdf\">Dr. Homer Boushey\u003c/a>, a lung specialist at the University of California, San Francisco, said there is mounting evidence that ozone not only worsens asthma in children but also may induce it, and that it causes premature death and neurological changes -- like those seen in victims of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s -- among adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF18/20170322/105754/HHRG-115-IF18-Wstate-KarperosK-20170322.pdf\">Karperos\u003c/a>, of the California Air Resources Board, testified that Olson’s bill “would mean more people would breathe dirty air longer.” He singled out Sadredin’s domain, saying, “The San Joaquin Valley, in particular, is home to high rates of poverty, pollution and asthma. It is especially critical to continue progress in that region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin said he’s spoken privately to progressive elected officials and environmentalists who have warned, “You don’t want to open the act in this Congress, because then they would go beyond some of the reasonable things you’re asking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He finds this illogical, he said, but allowed, “I suppose they have to say things like that -- that, you know, the Clean Air Act is the holy grail we should not even think about changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jim Morris is managing editor for environment and labor at the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.publicintegrity.org/\">\u003cem>Center for Public Integrity\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit investigative news organization in Washington, D.C. Sasha Khokha is host of KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-california-report/\">\u003cem>The California Report Magazine\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a statewide public radio program, and reported for 12 years from Fresno as KQED's Central Valley bureau chief. Kimberly Kenny, Ana Santos and Carolyn Zhang contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11463233/a-california-regulators-curious-crusade-to-remake-the-clean-air-act","authors":["byline_news_11463233"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_457","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_2036","news_2928","news_20962","news_1116","news_19542","news_2920","news_312","news_20419","news_17286","news_17041"],"affiliates":["news_18975"],"featImg":"news_11467102","label":"news_72"},"news_11276904":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11276904","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11276904","score":null,"sort":[1485458317000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-air-quality-in-the-bay-area-getting-worse","title":"Is Air Quality in the Bay Area Getting Worse?","publishDate":1485458317,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Is Air Quality in the Bay Area Getting Worse? | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":33523,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Jenny Wread is one of several KQED listeners who wanted to know more about air quality in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, she was commuting regularly between Marin and the East Bay and noticed a lot of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she contacted Bay Curious, and we met up for a stroll in Berkeley recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11285053\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11285053\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-1020x1099.jpeg\" alt=\"Question-asker Jenny Wread with her children.\" width=\"300\" height=\"323\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-1020x1099.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-160x172.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-800x862.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-1920x2069.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-1180x1271.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-960x1034.jpeg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-240x259.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-375x404.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-520x560.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Question-asker Jenny Wread with her children. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jenny Wread)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Look at the trees,” she said. “They don’t look green. It’s like looking through a dirty window. Everything’s gray!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wread’s hypothesis: “My guess is that there’s just a lot more cars on the road and the air quality has gotten worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How do we measure air quality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>We took Wread’s concern to the experts. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/\">Bay Area Air Quality Management District\u003c/a> is the agency that monitors our air. Eric Stevenson oversees the agency’s monitoring network of 35 stations. He says there’s at least one station in each Bay Area county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measuring posts are in city centers and rural spots, to get a range of data. Stevenson says there are also monitoring stations near industrial pollution sources like refineries, power plants and ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stations can look like mini trailers by the side of the road or probes on the tops of buildings. They’re made to be pretty unobtrusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re continually taking measurements of various pollutants. The Environmental Protection Agency requires monitoring of six so-called criteria pollutants: carbon monoxide, lead, ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11284899\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 457px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11284899 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station.jpg\" alt=\"Example of an air monitoring station. The Air District runs a network of 35 stations throughout the Bay Area.\" width=\"457\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station.jpg 457w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station-160x224.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station-240x336.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station-375x525.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 457px) 100vw, 457px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An air monitoring station. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District runs a network of 35 stations throughout the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Bay Area Air Quality Management District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The two most harmful to human health are ozone and particulate matter called PM2.5 (which includes all particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or smaller).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ozone comes from cars, power plants and refineries, when emissions react with sunlight. It’s a bigger problem in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Particulate matter comes from emissions and from burning things. It could originate from industrial sources like a power plant or even a cozy fire in your fireplace. Particulate matter is more of a wintertime concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we talk about air quality, we’re talking about concentrations of these pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How dirty is it?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It turns out that the air in the Bay Area is among the cleanest in the nation for a metropolitan area of its size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevenson at BAAQMD says air pollution in the Bay Area has been decreasing over time, and is way down since the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.vitalsigns.mtc.ca.gov/ozone-concentrations\">Average ozone levels\u003c/a> in the Bay Area have dropped by more than a third from their peak in the 1970s. \u003ca href=\"http://www.vitalsigns.mtc.ca.gov/particulate-concentrations\">Particulate matter concentration\u003c/a> has dropped almost 40 percent since the air district started measuring it in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevenson said the biggest reason for the improvement is stricter regulations on emissions from cars and industrial sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Air Resources Board has authority over cars and they set very strict limits,” he said. “Cars now are significantly cleaner than the ’70s and ’80s. That has really helped improve air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Air Act allows California to set stricter standards than the federal government on emissions from cars. Good to note: The state needs a waiver from the EPA to set the stricter threshold, and different administrations have differed on whether to allow it. Some are worried that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/10/trump-congress-could-halt-state-action-on-climate/\">it may be\u003c/a> halted under a Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What about Spare the Air alerts?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Wread was convinced the air was dirtier in the Bay Area because she was hearing more Spare the Air alerts. The air district issues alerts when it appears that pollution levels will exceed national standards for safety. The idea is to get people to drive less and not put more pollution into the air by, say, burning stuff. KQED and other stations broadcast these alerts as a public service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether people follow the advice is \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/27/do-people-drive-less-on-spare-the-air-days/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">another story\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It used to be just in the summertime, a couple of days. Now you get them in the winter and all summer long,” Wread said. “It’s like year-round now!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this, Wread is correct. The air district called 27 Spare the Air days in the summer of 2016, which is \u003ca href=\"http://sparetheair.org/stay-informed/ozone/ozone-box-scores\">three times as many as the previous \u003c/a>summer and significantly higher than any year since 1996, which had 25 alerts. (Wintertime alerts are \u003ca href=\"http://sparetheair.org/stay-informed/particulate-matter/pm-box-scores\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tracked separately\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Does that necessarily mean that air quality is worse? It turns out, no. And here’s why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air Quality Management District says the actual reason there are more Spare the Air alerts now is because in 2015 the Environmental Protection Agency tightened the standards for ozone levels from 75 parts per billion to 70 parts per billion. The air district had to call more alerts to meet the new standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while Wread’s logic was sound, the data she was using had shifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[bapopgrowth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Air inequality\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While air quality has improved overall in the Bay Area, not everyone is breathing the same air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Oakland and Bayview-Hunters Point in San Francisco are two hot spots that are more polluted because they’re near major sources of pollution like ports and freeways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Balmes of UC San Francisco and UC Berkeley says neighborhoods that are more polluted often have some things in common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tend to be in communities of color with lower socioeconomic status where there’s lots of stuff going on, typically more freeways, power plants, refineries and other kinds of transportation corridors,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balmes says these communities are at greater risk for health problems like \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/tag/asthma/\">asthma\u003c/a> and heart conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this inequity, there is a silver lining. All over the Bay Area, air quality is getting better. Balmes says that partly we can thank stricter rules on heavy-duty diesel trucks that often operate near industrial sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a disparity,” he says, “But everywhere has gotten better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What about L.A.?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Whether it’s a baseball game or good food or average ozone levels, Bay Area locals love to beat L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, how does our air compare? Well, L.A. is, literally, the worst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, bragging rights might not really be earned here, because Stevenson says a lot of it has to do with factors beyond our control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The L.A. basin is kind of a bowl,” he says. “And it’s hot and so that forms ozone. We can’t blame it all on them. They would have these problems even if people didn’t live there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area, on the other hand, is pretty fortunate when it comes to how topography affects air quality. Strong winds called prevailing westerlies push dirty air east all the way to the Sierra. Many argue that pollution from the Bay Area (\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/03/31/is-pollution-from-asia-making-the-central-valleys-bad-air-even-worse/\">and maybe Asia\u003c/a>) contributes to poor air quality in the inland San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, for now Bay Area residents, you can breathe a sigh of relief and know it was a relatively clean one.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There were 27 Spare the Air alerts last summer. But our air quality is actually looking up.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700598467,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":44,"wordCount":1280},"headData":{"title":"Is Air Quality in the Bay Area Getting Worse? | KQED","description":"There were 27 Spare the Air alerts last summer. But our air quality is actually looking up.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Is Air Quality in the Bay Area Getting Worse?","datePublished":"2017-01-26T19:18:37.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-21T20:27:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/bay-curious/2017/01/air-quality.mp3","guestFields":"0","path":"/news/11276904/is-air-quality-in-the-bay-area-getting-worse","audioDuration":467000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jenny Wread is one of several KQED listeners who wanted to know more about air quality in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, she was commuting regularly between Marin and the East Bay and noticed a lot of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she contacted Bay Curious, and we met up for a stroll in Berkeley recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11285053\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11285053\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-1020x1099.jpeg\" alt=\"Question-asker Jenny Wread with her children.\" width=\"300\" height=\"323\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-1020x1099.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-160x172.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-800x862.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-1920x2069.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-1180x1271.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-960x1034.jpeg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-240x259.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-375x404.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/Jenny_AirQualityQA-520x560.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Question-asker Jenny Wread with her children. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jenny Wread)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Look at the trees,” she said. “They don’t look green. It’s like looking through a dirty window. Everything’s gray!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wread’s hypothesis: “My guess is that there’s just a lot more cars on the road and the air quality has gotten worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How do we measure air quality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>We took Wread’s concern to the experts. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/\">Bay Area Air Quality Management District\u003c/a> is the agency that monitors our air. Eric Stevenson oversees the agency’s monitoring network of 35 stations. He says there’s at least one station in each Bay Area county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measuring posts are in city centers and rural spots, to get a range of data. Stevenson says there are also monitoring stations near industrial pollution sources like refineries, power plants and ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stations can look like mini trailers by the side of the road or probes on the tops of buildings. They’re made to be pretty unobtrusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re continually taking measurements of various pollutants. The Environmental Protection Agency requires monitoring of six so-called criteria pollutants: carbon monoxide, lead, ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11284899\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 457px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11284899 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station.jpg\" alt=\"Example of an air monitoring station. The Air District runs a network of 35 stations throughout the Bay Area.\" width=\"457\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station.jpg 457w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station-160x224.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station-240x336.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/air-monitoring-station-375x525.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 457px) 100vw, 457px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An air monitoring station. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District runs a network of 35 stations throughout the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Bay Area Air Quality Management District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The two most harmful to human health are ozone and particulate matter called PM2.5 (which includes all particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or smaller).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ozone comes from cars, power plants and refineries, when emissions react with sunlight. It’s a bigger problem in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Particulate matter comes from emissions and from burning things. It could originate from industrial sources like a power plant or even a cozy fire in your fireplace. Particulate matter is more of a wintertime concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we talk about air quality, we’re talking about concentrations of these pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How dirty is it?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It turns out that the air in the Bay Area is among the cleanest in the nation for a metropolitan area of its size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevenson at BAAQMD says air pollution in the Bay Area has been decreasing over time, and is way down since the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.vitalsigns.mtc.ca.gov/ozone-concentrations\">Average ozone levels\u003c/a> in the Bay Area have dropped by more than a third from their peak in the 1970s. \u003ca href=\"http://www.vitalsigns.mtc.ca.gov/particulate-concentrations\">Particulate matter concentration\u003c/a> has dropped almost 40 percent since the air district started measuring it in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevenson said the biggest reason for the improvement is stricter regulations on emissions from cars and industrial sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Air Resources Board has authority over cars and they set very strict limits,” he said. “Cars now are significantly cleaner than the ’70s and ’80s. That has really helped improve air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Air Act allows California to set stricter standards than the federal government on emissions from cars. Good to note: The state needs a waiver from the EPA to set the stricter threshold, and different administrations have differed on whether to allow it. Some are worried that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/10/trump-congress-could-halt-state-action-on-climate/\">it may be\u003c/a> halted under a Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What about Spare the Air alerts?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Wread was convinced the air was dirtier in the Bay Area because she was hearing more Spare the Air alerts. The air district issues alerts when it appears that pollution levels will exceed national standards for safety. The idea is to get people to drive less and not put more pollution into the air by, say, burning stuff. KQED and other stations broadcast these alerts as a public service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether people follow the advice is \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/27/do-people-drive-less-on-spare-the-air-days/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">another story\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It used to be just in the summertime, a couple of days. Now you get them in the winter and all summer long,” Wread said. “It’s like year-round now!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this, Wread is correct. The air district called 27 Spare the Air days in the summer of 2016, which is \u003ca href=\"http://sparetheair.org/stay-informed/ozone/ozone-box-scores\">three times as many as the previous \u003c/a>summer and significantly higher than any year since 1996, which had 25 alerts. (Wintertime alerts are \u003ca href=\"http://sparetheair.org/stay-informed/particulate-matter/pm-box-scores\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tracked separately\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Does that necessarily mean that air quality is worse? It turns out, no. And here’s why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air Quality Management District says the actual reason there are more Spare the Air alerts now is because in 2015 the Environmental Protection Agency tightened the standards for ozone levels from 75 parts per billion to 70 parts per billion. The air district had to call more alerts to meet the new standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while Wread’s logic was sound, the data she was using had shifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[bapopgrowth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Air inequality\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While air quality has improved overall in the Bay Area, not everyone is breathing the same air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Oakland and Bayview-Hunters Point in San Francisco are two hot spots that are more polluted because they’re near major sources of pollution like ports and freeways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Balmes of UC San Francisco and UC Berkeley says neighborhoods that are more polluted often have some things in common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tend to be in communities of color with lower socioeconomic status where there’s lots of stuff going on, typically more freeways, power plants, refineries and other kinds of transportation corridors,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balmes says these communities are at greater risk for health problems like \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/tag/asthma/\">asthma\u003c/a> and heart conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this inequity, there is a silver lining. All over the Bay Area, air quality is getting better. Balmes says that partly we can thank stricter rules on heavy-duty diesel trucks that often operate near industrial sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a disparity,” he says, “But everywhere has gotten better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What about L.A.?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Whether it’s a baseball game or good food or average ozone levels, Bay Area locals love to beat L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, how does our air compare? Well, L.A. is, literally, the worst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, bragging rights might not really be earned here, because Stevenson says a lot of it has to do with factors beyond our control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The L.A. basin is kind of a bowl,” he says. “And it’s hot and so that forms ozone. We can’t blame it all on them. They would have these problems even if people didn’t live there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area, on the other hand, is pretty fortunate when it comes to how topography affects air quality. Strong winds called prevailing westerlies push dirty air east all the way to the Sierra. Many argue that pollution from the Bay Area (\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/03/31/is-pollution-from-asia-making-the-central-valleys-bad-air-even-worse/\">and maybe Asia\u003c/a>) contributes to poor air quality in the inland San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, for now Bay Area residents, you can breathe a sigh of relief and know it was a relatively clean one.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11276904/is-air-quality-in-the-bay-area-getting-worse","authors":["11273"],"programs":["news_6944","news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_19906","news_457","news_8","news_33520","news_356"],"tags":["news_2928","news_18145","news_2940","news_20419"],"featImg":"news_11283357","label":"news_33523"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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