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She focuses on the pandemic’s effect on young children; the child care crisis and its effects on families, caregivers and the economy; and how policy decisions affect individual lives and communities. Her work has appeared on NPR, Marketplace and Here & Now. She worked at The Associated Press for 20 years, covering breaking news throughout California.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2da2127c27f7143b53ebd419800fd55f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"@daisynguyen","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Daisy Nguyen | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2da2127c27f7143b53ebd419800fd55f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2da2127c27f7143b53ebd419800fd55f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/daisynguyen"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11922708":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11922708","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11922708","score":null,"sort":[1660741351000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-2-7-billion-plan-to-expand-transitional-kindergarten-is-off-to-an-uneven-start","title":"California's $2.7 Billion Plan to Expand Transitional Kindergarten Is Off to an Uneven Start","publishDate":1660741351,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>When Gov. Gavin Newsom held \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwii7zCZmBM\">a press conference\u003c/a> at a Monterey County elementary school in May 2021, he announced historic funding for a pre-kindergarten grade, hailing his multibillion-dollar proposal as key to California’s pandemic recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Achieving universal access to transitional kindergarten for 4-year-olds, he said, “is so foundational and so important” toward narrowing the so-called \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2332858416657343\">readiness gap\u003c/a> between kids in lower-income families and those in middle-income families before their traditional schooling begins. Providing a free, high-quality early education program not only benefits youngsters but allows parents to return to the workforce, Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the beginning of a three-year, $2.7 billion plan to expand transitional kindergarten, or TK, is off to an uneven start. Administrators at some public school districts who had hoped expansion would offset the statewide decline in student enrollment are seeing low turnouts at the start of this school year. Other districts report high demand from parents seeking child care relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Early Childhood Education and Care' tag='early-childhood-education-and-care']In Salinas, about 400 students are eligible by age to enter transitional kindergarten, but less than half were enrolled when school began last week. It’s a sharp drop-off from pre-pandemic years, when nearly all children who were qualified for TK showed up, according to Jim Koenig, superintendent of Alisal Union School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the superintendent of the state’s largest school district, Los Angeles Unified, estimates that more than 10,000 school-age children weren’t registered for the school year that began Monday. He believes many of them are concentrated in the earliest grades, from transitional kindergarten through first grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re very concerned about that loss of enrollment because we’re not seeing a spike of enrollment in other school settings,” Alberto M. Carvahlo said at a recent news conference, referring to private and charter schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carvahlo said school administrators went into neighborhoods to track the missing students, and found that many of their families moved out of state or shifted to homeschooling. In some cases, older students were staying home to care for their younger siblings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participation in TK was rising statewide before COVID-19, but dropped by 23% for the 2020-21 school year. The greatest decline was among Black and Native American children and kids from lower-income families, according to an analysis of enrollment data by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/what-do-enrollment-declines-mean-for-transitional-kindergarten/\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The lingering toll of COVID\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the Salinas Valley, the coronavirus hit the working class hard — and the toll has lingered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alisal Union district serves about 7,500 students, mostly children of immigrants and farmworkers in East Salinas, 70% of whom are English learners. Koenig thinks some of these working parents are still worried about COVID. Salinas, about 85 miles southeast of San Francisco, is the most populous city in Monterey County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they’re just still concerned about enrolling these very young kids in school and possibly exposing them to the virus,” Koenig said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rate of COVID infection among farmworkers in the Salinas Valley was \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2784117&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1660681526314875&usg=AOvVaw0i9rhHkjup2AbnredunNuv\">four times higher\u003c/a> than in the rest of the local population during the later half of 2020, according to a study that suggested crowded housing as a contributing factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11922723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11922723\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut.jpg\" alt=\"a banner hangs on a school fence against a blue sky\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A banner hangs on the fence outside Jesse G. Sanchez Elementary School in Salinas, encouraging parents to enroll students. The area is home to many migrant workers who were hit hard by COVID, and some educators think low enrollment is due to fears about exposing kids to the virus. \u003ccite>(Daisy Nguyen/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.co.monterey.ca.us/government/departments-a-h/health/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19/2019-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-local-data/vaccines\">Only 5% of children under 4\u003c/a> in Monterey County have gotten the COVID vaccine, though it’s not clear whether that is driving under-enrollment. Nationwide, children are behind on routine immunizations against illnesses such as measles, mumps and pertussis, which are required to attend public school. In California, the COVID vaccine will not be a requirement for students until at least the 2023-24 school year. Many school districts have relaxed masking rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School is not mandatory in California until kids turn 6, but years of research have detailed how pre-kindergarten shapes young brains and \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/duke_prekstudy_final_4-4-17_hires.pdf\">advances children’s development\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Julie Ellis, administrator for the TK rollout at the Simi Valley Unified School District\"]'Pre-K education (was) mostly available through private preschools. And now we have a public institution that's welcoming these 4-year-olds. It kind of levels the playing field for students to have early access to public education.'[/pullquote]Transitional kindergarten was created in California a decade ago to provide an extra year of schooling for kids who narrowly miss the cutoff to go to kindergarten. Until now, only older 4-year-olds were eligible to participate. Under the expansion plan, districts must gradually add more children, grouping them by their birth months so that by fall 2025, anyone who turns 4 by Sept. 1 can go to TK. As the program increases in size, the student-to-teacher ratio must lower to 10-to-1 by 2025 to ensure students get the attention they need. This year, the ratio is 12-to-1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luz Alonso said she looked into enrolling her 4-year-old daughter at a school operated by Alisal Union School District, and asked a school official if there would be enough staff to assist her child with potty training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I asked for support, they just said, ‘Well, she’s just going to have to do it on her own.’ I was like, ‘Oh, my goodness, that’s not what I want for her. That’s not right. I mean, they are too little (for TK),’” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alonso said she decided her child would be better off spending another year in a Head Start program, where class sizes are typically smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Leveling the playing field\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, school districts in San Diego and Simi Valley, which went ahead and accepted all 4-year-old children this school year, reported high application rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It shows how much the community needs it,” said Julie Ellis, who helped oversee the TK rollout at the Simi Valley Unified School District. “Pre-K education (was) mostly available through private preschools. And now we have a public institution that’s welcoming these 4-year-olds. It kind of levels the playing field for students to have early access to public education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11922719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11922719\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"a woman with black hair prepares an elementary school classroom with colorful decorations\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flordeliza Dalit prepares her transitional kindergarten classroom on July 29, 2022, before welcoming students at Jesse G. Sanchez Elementary School in Salinas. \u003ccite>(Daisy Nguyen/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Koenig said his district tried to get out information about the new program to the parent community by word of mouth and through a bilingual ad campaign on local television. The week before school started, teachers like Flordeliza Dalit held open houses to introduce themselves and their classrooms to new students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dalit is teaching the only TK classroom at Sanchez Elementary School in Salinas. Low enrollment led the school district to consolidate a TK classroom at another school with hers. Right before the school year began, she prepared homework folders and care packages stuffed with wooden puzzles, pencils, erasers and candy to welcome her new students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When some kids stopped coming to her spacious and colorful classroom last year, the 64-year-old teacher called parents to learn why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these parents are migrant workers, so they work really early in the morning and the children had no one to drop them off,” Dalit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because TK will be most of her students’ first exposure to school or an adult who speaks English, she said she tries to make learning fun so children will hopefully want to come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She does this by providing a play-based curriculum where students are developing social-emotional, preliteracy and motor skills at their own pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t even know that they are learning,” Dalit said. “A lot of it is self-exploration and they are learning (by) themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Gov. Gavin Newsom hailed the program as a game-changer for early childhood education, working parents and even pandemic recovery — but many eligible families have been slow to enroll.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1670444488,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1375},"headData":{"title":"California's $2.7 Billion Plan to Expand Transitional Kindergarten Is Off to an Uneven Start | KQED","description":"Gov. Gavin Newsom hailed the program as a game-changer for early childhood education, working parents and even pandemic recovery — but many eligible families have been slow to enroll.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California's $2.7 Billion Plan to Expand Transitional Kindergarten Is Off to an Uneven Start","datePublished":"2022-08-17T13:02:31.000Z","dateModified":"2022-12-07T20:21:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Early Childhood Education and Care","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/early-childhood-education-and-care","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/73eb51e2-501c-4c06-b347-aef4010735f6/audio.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11922708/californias-2-7-billion-plan-to-expand-transitional-kindergarten-is-off-to-an-uneven-start","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Gov. Gavin Newsom held \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwii7zCZmBM\">a press conference\u003c/a> at a Monterey County elementary school in May 2021, he announced historic funding for a pre-kindergarten grade, hailing his multibillion-dollar proposal as key to California’s pandemic recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Achieving universal access to transitional kindergarten for 4-year-olds, he said, “is so foundational and so important” toward narrowing the so-called \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2332858416657343\">readiness gap\u003c/a> between kids in lower-income families and those in middle-income families before their traditional schooling begins. Providing a free, high-quality early education program not only benefits youngsters but allows parents to return to the workforce, Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the beginning of a three-year, $2.7 billion plan to expand transitional kindergarten, or TK, is off to an uneven start. Administrators at some public school districts who had hoped expansion would offset the statewide decline in student enrollment are seeing low turnouts at the start of this school year. Other districts report high demand from parents seeking child care relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Early Childhood Education and Care ","tag":"early-childhood-education-and-care"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In Salinas, about 400 students are eligible by age to enter transitional kindergarten, but less than half were enrolled when school began last week. It’s a sharp drop-off from pre-pandemic years, when nearly all children who were qualified for TK showed up, according to Jim Koenig, superintendent of Alisal Union School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the superintendent of the state’s largest school district, Los Angeles Unified, estimates that more than 10,000 school-age children weren’t registered for the school year that began Monday. He believes many of them are concentrated in the earliest grades, from transitional kindergarten through first grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re very concerned about that loss of enrollment because we’re not seeing a spike of enrollment in other school settings,” Alberto M. Carvahlo said at a recent news conference, referring to private and charter schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carvahlo said school administrators went into neighborhoods to track the missing students, and found that many of their families moved out of state or shifted to homeschooling. In some cases, older students were staying home to care for their younger siblings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participation in TK was rising statewide before COVID-19, but dropped by 23% for the 2020-21 school year. The greatest decline was among Black and Native American children and kids from lower-income families, according to an analysis of enrollment data by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/what-do-enrollment-declines-mean-for-transitional-kindergarten/\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The lingering toll of COVID\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the Salinas Valley, the coronavirus hit the working class hard — and the toll has lingered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alisal Union district serves about 7,500 students, mostly children of immigrants and farmworkers in East Salinas, 70% of whom are English learners. Koenig thinks some of these working parents are still worried about COVID. Salinas, about 85 miles southeast of San Francisco, is the most populous city in Monterey County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they’re just still concerned about enrolling these very young kids in school and possibly exposing them to the virus,” Koenig said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rate of COVID infection among farmworkers in the Salinas Valley was \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2784117&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1660681526314875&usg=AOvVaw0i9rhHkjup2AbnredunNuv\">four times higher\u003c/a> than in the rest of the local population during the later half of 2020, according to a study that suggested crowded housing as a contributing factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11922723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11922723\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut.jpg\" alt=\"a banner hangs on a school fence against a blue sky\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57715_IMG_0017-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A banner hangs on the fence outside Jesse G. Sanchez Elementary School in Salinas, encouraging parents to enroll students. The area is home to many migrant workers who were hit hard by COVID, and some educators think low enrollment is due to fears about exposing kids to the virus. \u003ccite>(Daisy Nguyen/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.co.monterey.ca.us/government/departments-a-h/health/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19/2019-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-local-data/vaccines\">Only 5% of children under 4\u003c/a> in Monterey County have gotten the COVID vaccine, though it’s not clear whether that is driving under-enrollment. Nationwide, children are behind on routine immunizations against illnesses such as measles, mumps and pertussis, which are required to attend public school. In California, the COVID vaccine will not be a requirement for students until at least the 2023-24 school year. Many school districts have relaxed masking rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School is not mandatory in California until kids turn 6, but years of research have detailed how pre-kindergarten shapes young brains and \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/duke_prekstudy_final_4-4-17_hires.pdf\">advances children’s development\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Pre-K education (was) mostly available through private preschools. And now we have a public institution that's welcoming these 4-year-olds. It kind of levels the playing field for students to have early access to public education.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Julie Ellis, administrator for the TK rollout at the Simi Valley Unified School District","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Transitional kindergarten was created in California a decade ago to provide an extra year of schooling for kids who narrowly miss the cutoff to go to kindergarten. Until now, only older 4-year-olds were eligible to participate. Under the expansion plan, districts must gradually add more children, grouping them by their birth months so that by fall 2025, anyone who turns 4 by Sept. 1 can go to TK. As the program increases in size, the student-to-teacher ratio must lower to 10-to-1 by 2025 to ensure students get the attention they need. This year, the ratio is 12-to-1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luz Alonso said she looked into enrolling her 4-year-old daughter at a school operated by Alisal Union School District, and asked a school official if there would be enough staff to assist her child with potty training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I asked for support, they just said, ‘Well, she’s just going to have to do it on her own.’ I was like, ‘Oh, my goodness, that’s not what I want for her. That’s not right. I mean, they are too little (for TK),’” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alonso said she decided her child would be better off spending another year in a Head Start program, where class sizes are typically smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Leveling the playing field\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, school districts in San Diego and Simi Valley, which went ahead and accepted all 4-year-old children this school year, reported high application rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It shows how much the community needs it,” said Julie Ellis, who helped oversee the TK rollout at the Simi Valley Unified School District. “Pre-K education (was) mostly available through private preschools. And now we have a public institution that’s welcoming these 4-year-olds. It kind of levels the playing field for students to have early access to public education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11922719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11922719\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"a woman with black hair prepares an elementary school classroom with colorful decorations\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57713_FullSizeRender-2-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flordeliza Dalit prepares her transitional kindergarten classroom on July 29, 2022, before welcoming students at Jesse G. Sanchez Elementary School in Salinas. \u003ccite>(Daisy Nguyen/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Koenig said his district tried to get out information about the new program to the parent community by word of mouth and through a bilingual ad campaign on local television. The week before school started, teachers like Flordeliza Dalit held open houses to introduce themselves and their classrooms to new students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dalit is teaching the only TK classroom at Sanchez Elementary School in Salinas. Low enrollment led the school district to consolidate a TK classroom at another school with hers. Right before the school year began, she prepared homework folders and care packages stuffed with wooden puzzles, pencils, erasers and candy to welcome her new students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When some kids stopped coming to her spacious and colorful classroom last year, the 64-year-old teacher called parents to learn why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these parents are migrant workers, so they work really early in the morning and the children had no one to drop them off,” Dalit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because TK will be most of her students’ first exposure to school or an adult who speaks English, she said she tries to make learning fun so children will hopefully want to come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She does this by providing a play-based curriculum where students are developing social-emotional, preliteracy and motor skills at their own pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t even know that they are learning,” Dalit said. “A lot of it is self-exploration and they are learning (by) themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11922708/californias-2-7-billion-plan-to-expand-transitional-kindergarten-is-off-to-an-uneven-start","authors":["11829"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_32102","news_20013","news_27626","news_16","news_22350","news_20516","news_4889","news_2252","news_30137"],"featImg":"news_11922717","label":"source_news_11922708"},"news_11920632":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11920632","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11920632","score":null,"sort":[1659002402000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-there-a-story-behind-those-giant-paintings-off-central-valley-highways-yes-and-its-fraught","title":"'It's Kind of a Weird Message': The Fraught Story Behind Those Giant Paintings Off Central Valley Highways","publishDate":1659002402,"format":"standard","headTitle":"‘It’s Kind of a Weird Message’: The Fraught Story Behind Those Giant Paintings Off Central Valley Highways | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California’s Central Valley boasts some beautiful landscapes, often missed by drivers bombing down I-5 between Northern and Southern California. But if you’ve ever driven to, say, Salinas or Carmel, you may have noticed some giant art along the way. Scattered throughout the area, off many different roads, are hundreds of brightly colored plywood cutout scenes of Americana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Nick Loey drives these roads regularly and has often wondered about these giant art pieces — some of which are over 20 feet tall — sticking up in random fields in remote locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have a very distinct style, sort of like pop art, that depict what seem to be farmworkers doing jobs in the field or sort of just posing with their pets or farm equipment,” Loey said. He wants to know “whether or not there’s some story behind that set of art. Is it an exposition for a specific artist? Is it a history piece that you’re supposed to admire and enjoy as you’re driving down the freeway, or is it something more?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answering Nick’s question took us into artist studios and farmworker communities. And like so many things, this art means different things depending on who you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>“Farmer & Irrigator”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve never seen these art pieces before, I can’t stress to you how large they are when you get up close to them. But driving by, the static cutouts almost feel interactive. From far away, it can look like figures crouched in the field or standing, surveying the day’s work. It’s only as drivers get closer that they realize the figures aren’t real people at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most iconic of these giant artworks is “Farmer & Irrigator,” found in a field along Highway 68 in Salinas, near an agricultural education center called The Farm. It depicts two men facing away from the highway and toward the landscape. One is standing, leaning his foot on a shovel digging into the dirt, while the other kneels, a handful of dirt in hand, as he surveys the view. Closer to the road, an older man dressed in plaid and a straw hat holds two cabbages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.johncerneymurals.com/index.html\">John Cerney, the artist behind “Farmer & Irrigator,”\u003c/a> along with about 150 other plywood cutout paintings of this style in California, worked in agriculture for close to seven years. He created the art as an homage to the farmworkers providing the country with fresh produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My first job was picking strawberries when I was 15 years old,” Cerney said. “I know how hard the work is. They get up early and it’s a rough life. They’re still underpaid. They work hard and I was happy to get that first gig and elevate them and draw attention to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trouble is, many farmworkers living in these agricultural communities and driving by the art every day don’t feel the same way. That’s in large part because most of the figures are depicted with white or light-colored skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11920662\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1700px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11920662\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan.jpg\" alt=\"A large painting of a man with a white mustache, hat and tan jacket stands near the edge of a field, next to the road. The man holds two cabbages with more at his feet.\" width=\"1700\" height=\"1600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan.jpg 1700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan-800x753.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan-1020x960.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan-160x151.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan-1536x1446.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1700px) 100vw, 1700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the 11 subjects in Cerney’s “Farmer & Irrigator” installation. Closest to the road, the painting is often vandalized. \u003ccite>(Cesar Saldaña/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, for me, that represents the growers,” said Lauro Barajas, regional director for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ufwfoundation.org/\">United Farm Workers\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz and Monterey counties. “It’s a nice painting, but it’s kind of a weird message.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been almost 100 years since white farmers worked the land in Salinas, Barajas said. Today, immigrants, most of whom are from states in southern Mexico like Chiapas, Guerrero and Oaxaca, are the ones doing the backbreaking labor of producing food for the country. And they don’t see themselves represented in this artwork.[aside label='Farmworker Support Orgs' link1='https://farmworkerfamily.org,Center For Farmworker Families' link2='https://www.ufwfoundation.org,UFW Foundation']Although some of the subjects in Cerney’s installation are based on photographs of Latinos, the ones that are most easily seen by the public don’t appear to be. Some community members noted that farmworkers work hard to sustain their families and the country’s food supply with their labor, so it’s disheartening to see white or white-passing people take the credit in these highly visible art pieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the inception of the UFW, when you do see farmworkers in art pieces, they are usually pretty positive,” said labor-rights activist Dolores Huerta, who co-founded the United Farmworkers (UFW) alongside Larry Itliong and César Chavez. Huerta drove by one of Cerney’s paintings recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But they’re not farmworkers; they’re the farmers. They are the growers or the owners of the land, not the people that are actually doing the work,” Huerta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cerney confirmed this, saying that the owner of the land commissioned “Farmer & Irrigator” in 1995, directing Cerney to paint himself and members of his family alongside the fieldworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The tensions of public art\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When I told Cerney that some members of the farmworker community don’t feel seen in the installation, he was saddened. He never intended to misrepresent the farmworking community and said that he is just trying to make a living as an artist, something that’s difficult to do nowadays. He uses the commissions he receives to subsidize the work he’s truly passionate about making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11920663\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1076px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11920663\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney.jpg\" alt=\"A middle aged man in a white long sleeved tee shirt and baseball hat poses near a fence. In a trick of perspective, it looks like a giant hand next to him holds a mirror with James' Dean's face reflected.\" width=\"1076\" height=\"878\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney.jpg 1076w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney-800x653.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney-1020x832.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney-160x131.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1076px) 100vw, 1076px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist John Cerney standing near the entrance of his studio where he creates giant highway paintings. Cerney often paints portraits of American celebrities like Marilyn Monroe, James Dean and Aretha Franklin. \u003ccite>(Cesar Saldaña/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If it were left to myself — even though I grew up in this farming area and I worked in the (agriculture) industry myself for eight or nine years before I went to college — I wouldn’t have necessarily picked that,” he said. “It’s just that they asked me to do it, they were paying me, and I’m a hired gun. I did what they wanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nick Loey, who first asked about this art, wondered if they were part of a “history piece.” While not intended as such, in many ways they are a testament to the age-old discrepancy in power between landowners who are seen and laborers who are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Cerney’s intentions were good, the thing about public art is that once it’s out there, the artist ceases to be part of the equation. The work is no longer about intent, but rather about the impact it has on those viewing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Drive south down Highway 101 or 68, among others, and you'll likely see giant paintings depicting farm scenes and rural life. We find out what it's all about from the artist who made them famous and get reactions from people living and working in agricultural communities near them.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700532519,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1167},"headData":{"title":"'It's Kind of a Weird Message': The Fraught Story Behind Those Giant Paintings Off Central Valley Highways | KQED","description":"Drive south down Highway 101 or 68, among others, and you'll likely see giant paintings depicting farm scenes and rural life. We find out what it's all about from the artist who made them famous and get reactions from people living and working in agricultural communities near them.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'It's Kind of a Weird Message': The Fraught Story Behind Those Giant Paintings Off Central Valley Highways","datePublished":"2022-07-28T10:00:02.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-21T02:08:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious","audioUrl":"https://dcs.megaphone.fm/KQINC9144239897.mp3?key=0e228df4195cdf8e6e51b9c5a288a293","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11920632/is-there-a-story-behind-those-giant-paintings-off-central-valley-highways-yes-and-its-fraught","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s Central Valley boasts some beautiful landscapes, often missed by drivers bombing down I-5 between Northern and Southern California. But if you’ve ever driven to, say, Salinas or Carmel, you may have noticed some giant art along the way. Scattered throughout the area, off many different roads, are hundreds of brightly colored plywood cutout scenes of Americana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Nick Loey drives these roads regularly and has often wondered about these giant art pieces — some of which are over 20 feet tall — sticking up in random fields in remote locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have a very distinct style, sort of like pop art, that depict what seem to be farmworkers doing jobs in the field or sort of just posing with their pets or farm equipment,” Loey said. He wants to know “whether or not there’s some story behind that set of art. Is it an exposition for a specific artist? Is it a history piece that you’re supposed to admire and enjoy as you’re driving down the freeway, or is it something more?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answering Nick’s question took us into artist studios and farmworker communities. And like so many things, this art means different things depending on who you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>“Farmer & Irrigator”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve never seen these art pieces before, I can’t stress to you how large they are when you get up close to them. But driving by, the static cutouts almost feel interactive. From far away, it can look like figures crouched in the field or standing, surveying the day’s work. It’s only as drivers get closer that they realize the figures aren’t real people at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most iconic of these giant artworks is “Farmer & Irrigator,” found in a field along Highway 68 in Salinas, near an agricultural education center called The Farm. It depicts two men facing away from the highway and toward the landscape. One is standing, leaning his foot on a shovel digging into the dirt, while the other kneels, a handful of dirt in hand, as he surveys the view. Closer to the road, an older man dressed in plaid and a straw hat holds two cabbages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.johncerneymurals.com/index.html\">John Cerney, the artist behind “Farmer & Irrigator,”\u003c/a> along with about 150 other plywood cutout paintings of this style in California, worked in agriculture for close to seven years. He created the art as an homage to the farmworkers providing the country with fresh produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My first job was picking strawberries when I was 15 years old,” Cerney said. “I know how hard the work is. They get up early and it’s a rough life. They’re still underpaid. They work hard and I was happy to get that first gig and elevate them and draw attention to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trouble is, many farmworkers living in these agricultural communities and driving by the art every day don’t feel the same way. That’s in large part because most of the figures are depicted with white or light-colored skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11920662\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1700px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11920662\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan.jpg\" alt=\"A large painting of a man with a white mustache, hat and tan jacket stands near the edge of a field, next to the road. The man holds two cabbages with more at his feet.\" width=\"1700\" height=\"1600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan.jpg 1700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan-800x753.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan-1020x960.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan-160x151.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/CabbageMan-1536x1446.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1700px) 100vw, 1700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the 11 subjects in Cerney’s “Farmer & Irrigator” installation. Closest to the road, the painting is often vandalized. \u003ccite>(Cesar Saldaña/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, for me, that represents the growers,” said Lauro Barajas, regional director for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ufwfoundation.org/\">United Farm Workers\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz and Monterey counties. “It’s a nice painting, but it’s kind of a weird message.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been almost 100 years since white farmers worked the land in Salinas, Barajas said. Today, immigrants, most of whom are from states in southern Mexico like Chiapas, Guerrero and Oaxaca, are the ones doing the backbreaking labor of producing food for the country. And they don’t see themselves represented in this artwork.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Farmworker Support Orgs ","link1":"https://farmworkerfamily.org,Center For Farmworker Families","link2":"https://www.ufwfoundation.org,UFW Foundation"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Although some of the subjects in Cerney’s installation are based on photographs of Latinos, the ones that are most easily seen by the public don’t appear to be. Some community members noted that farmworkers work hard to sustain their families and the country’s food supply with their labor, so it’s disheartening to see white or white-passing people take the credit in these highly visible art pieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the inception of the UFW, when you do see farmworkers in art pieces, they are usually pretty positive,” said labor-rights activist Dolores Huerta, who co-founded the United Farmworkers (UFW) alongside Larry Itliong and César Chavez. Huerta drove by one of Cerney’s paintings recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But they’re not farmworkers; they’re the farmers. They are the growers or the owners of the land, not the people that are actually doing the work,” Huerta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cerney confirmed this, saying that the owner of the land commissioned “Farmer & Irrigator” in 1995, directing Cerney to paint himself and members of his family alongside the fieldworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The tensions of public art\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When I told Cerney that some members of the farmworker community don’t feel seen in the installation, he was saddened. He never intended to misrepresent the farmworking community and said that he is just trying to make a living as an artist, something that’s difficult to do nowadays. He uses the commissions he receives to subsidize the work he’s truly passionate about making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11920663\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1076px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11920663\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney.jpg\" alt=\"A middle aged man in a white long sleeved tee shirt and baseball hat poses near a fence. In a trick of perspective, it looks like a giant hand next to him holds a mirror with James' Dean's face reflected.\" width=\"1076\" height=\"878\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney.jpg 1076w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney-800x653.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney-1020x832.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/Cerney-160x131.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1076px) 100vw, 1076px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist John Cerney standing near the entrance of his studio where he creates giant highway paintings. Cerney often paints portraits of American celebrities like Marilyn Monroe, James Dean and Aretha Franklin. \u003ccite>(Cesar Saldaña/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If it were left to myself — even though I grew up in this farming area and I worked in the (agriculture) industry myself for eight or nine years before I went to college — I wouldn’t have necessarily picked that,” he said. “It’s just that they asked me to do it, they were paying me, and I’m a hired gun. I did what they wanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nick Loey, who first asked about this art, wondered if they were part of a “history piece.” While not intended as such, in many ways they are a testament to the age-old discrepancy in power between landowners who are seen and laborers who are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Cerney’s intentions were good, the thing about public art is that once it’s out there, the artist ceases to be part of the equation. The work is no longer about intent, but rather about the impact it has on those viewing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11920632/is-there-a-story-behind-those-giant-paintings-off-central-valley-highways-yes-and-its-fraught","authors":["11301"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_311","news_29341","news_29817","news_21090","news_4889"],"featImg":"news_11920659","label":"source_news_11920632"},"news_11878379":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11878379","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11878379","score":null,"sort":[1623958589000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"neglect-of-duty","title":"Neglect of Duty","publishDate":1623958589,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Neglect of Duty | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In the agricultural town of Salinas, California, police Officer William Yetter repeatedly makes mistakes. First there’s a stolen bike he doesn’t investigate. Then, his bosses discover he’s not filing police reports on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police get a call from a mother whose 14-year-old daughter hasn’t returned home from school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Yetter comes across a car parked in a public area. The windows are fogged with steam. When the officer gets a look inside the vehicle, he finds a 23-year-old man without his shirt on and a girl with disheveled clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the missing 14-year-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yetter doesn’t write a report, investigate or arrest the 23-year-old man. He is allowed to leave, and another officer brings the girl home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years later, something similar happens to the girl’s younger sister. She’s in seventh grade when she’s exploited by an older man. Police miss opportunities to intervene until she is taken across the border into Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this episode, we look at the steps the department took to investigate Yetter’s alleged misconduct and the investigative steps that were missed along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow On Our Watch on \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Spotify\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://one.npr.org/?sharedMediaId=998011488:998413542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast app. This podcast is produced as part of the\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem> California Reporting Project\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a coalition of news organizations in California\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">npr.org\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An officer is repeatedly disciplined for not turning in his police reports on time. A mom goes to the police asking for help with her missing daughters. In the fifth episode of On Our Watch, we look at what can happen when police don't follow through on reports of victimization, and an accountability process that doesn't want to examine those failures.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700527323,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":253},"headData":{"title":"Neglect of Duty | KQED","description":"An officer is repeatedly disciplined for not turning in his police reports on time. A mom goes to the police asking for help with her missing daughters. In the fifth episode of On Our Watch, we look at what can happen when police don't follow through on reports of victimization, and an accountability process that doesn't want to examine those failures.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Neglect of Duty","datePublished":"2021-06-17T19:36:29.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-21T00:42:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"On Our Watch","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/onourwatch","nprImageAgency":"Nicole Xu for NPR","nprStoryId":"1004838533","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1004838533&profileTypeId=15&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/09/1004838533/neglect-of-duty?ft=nprml&f=1004838533","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 17 Jun 2021 04:00:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 17 Jun 2021 04:00:19 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 16 Jun 2021 20:57:44 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/ourwatch/2021/06/20210617_ourwatch_on_our_watch_ep5_jn_mix_15.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1150&d=3120&p=510360&story=1004838533&t=podcast&e=1004838533&ft=nprml&f=1004838533","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11007438874-ceb8c0.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1150&d=3120&p=510360&story=1004838533&t=podcast&e=1004838533&ft=nprml&f=1004838533","path":"/news/11878379/neglect-of-duty","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/ourwatch/2021/06/20210617_ourwatch_on_our_watch_ep5_jn_mix_15.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1150&d=3120&p=510360&story=1004838533&t=podcast&e=1004838533&ft=nprml&f=1004838533","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the agricultural town of Salinas, California, police Officer William Yetter repeatedly makes mistakes. First there’s a stolen bike he doesn’t investigate. Then, his bosses discover he’s not filing police reports on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police get a call from a mother whose 14-year-old daughter hasn’t returned home from school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Yetter comes across a car parked in a public area. The windows are fogged with steam. When the officer gets a look inside the vehicle, he finds a 23-year-old man without his shirt on and a girl with disheveled clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the missing 14-year-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yetter doesn’t write a report, investigate or arrest the 23-year-old man. He is allowed to leave, and another officer brings the girl home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years later, something similar happens to the girl’s younger sister. She’s in seventh grade when she’s exploited by an older man. Police miss opportunities to intervene until she is taken across the border into Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this episode, we look at the steps the department took to investigate Yetter’s alleged misconduct and the investigative steps that were missed along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow On Our Watch on \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Spotify\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://one.npr.org/?sharedMediaId=998011488:998413542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast app. This podcast is produced as part of the\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem> California Reporting Project\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a coalition of news organizations in California\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">npr.org\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11878379/neglect-of-duty","authors":["8676","7239"],"programs":["news_33521"],"categories":["news_6188","news_33520"],"tags":["news_29466","news_116","news_20625","news_4889"],"featImg":"news_11878380","label":"source_news_11878379"},"news_11808267":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11808267","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11808267","score":null,"sort":[1585143310000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"farmworkers-cant-pick-crops-remotely-how-can-they-stay-safe","title":"Farmworkers Can’t Pick Crops Remotely. How Can They Stay Safe?","publishDate":1585143310,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report Magazine | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Maricruz Ladino spends long nights in a freezing lettuce cooler, inspecting and packaging pre-washed salad mixes. She usually starts her shift around 4 p.m., after the pickers are done in the fields, working until at least 2 or 3 in the morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine, what happens if one of us gets sick and we still have to work?” asked Ladino in Spanish. She worries about getting exposed to the coronavirus at the packing plant where she stands on a line only about a foot apart from other workers. They come into even closer contact when passing off packages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although farming and food production are considered “essential businesses” exempt from California’s statewide shelter-in-place order, agricultural employers are having a hard time navigating guidance from public health officials on how to keep workers safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ladino said her boss held a meeting recently to remind workers to wash their hands more frequently. They need to wear gloves and a hair net as usual, but now they’re also wearing masks over their noses and mouths. Ladino said the truck drivers who transport the produce can’t come into the plant directly anymore but must wait outside in their trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘If They Get Sick ... The Whole Country’s Going to Suffer’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s farm belt pumps out more than a third of the country’s vegetables and two-thirds of its fruits and nuts every year. But during the COVID-19 pandemic, employers who manage the state’s orchards, packing sheds and fields of row crops are faced with a dilemma: continue operating and hope that workers don’t get sick or shutter their doors, forcing workers to file for unemployment and putting the country’s food supply at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/food-safety-during-emergencies/food-safety-and-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19\">Food and Drug Administration is reassuring\u003c/a> consumers that there’s no evidence of COVID-19 transmission through food or food packaging. Another question, however, is how to keep farmworkers safe from exposure on the job when social distancing is often difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Miguel Arias, Fresno City Council president\"]\"My biggest concern with the undocumented residents is that they’re going to be scared to come in and be checked and ask for a test, even though we know that they’re sick.\"[/pullquote]\u003cbr>\nLupe Sandoval, managing director of the California Farm Labor Contractor Association, said guidelines released by agencies like the state's Division of Occupational Safety and Health, the California Department of Public Health and the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention so far have been generic and lack the specific guidance agricultural employers need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How many industries do you see where the employer provides group transportation?” Sandoval said. “Ag is a little different. A lot of workers will get together in vans to drive to the job site. Or an employer will be registered with the federal government to bus workers to the job site. When you have 20-25 workers in a bus, or fewer in a van, it makes it difficult for social distancing and would entail more extensive disinfecting of common surfaces in vehicles before and after rides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers also often share drinking water dispensers in the fields and sometimes work in close proximity to one another, which can make social distancing a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Polizzi, a spokesperson for the California Department of Industrial Relations (DIR), said the agency recently began working on industry-specific guidance for agricultural workers, after receiving questions from employers. DIR plans to publish the guidance in English this week and in Spanish soon after, Polizzi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erica Rosasco, an agricultural employment attorney in Roseville, said she has received a flood of calls from employers with questions about how to comply with labor laws during the coronavirus outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want to know how to deal with the virus and how to deal with sick employees. I have had some clients whose employees are sick and they believe they do have the virus,” Rosasco said. “So, what are their responsibilities, what are their obligations, what’s best practice?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11808286\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11808286\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-800x437.jpg\" alt=\"Farmworkers harvest strawberries at a farm in Carlsbad, California, in April 2006.\" width=\"800\" height=\"437\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-800x437.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-160x87.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-1020x558.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-1920x1050.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworkers harvest strawberries at a farm in Carlsbad, California, in April 2006. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At least workers are unlikely to be laid off, Rosasco said. She said she is advising employers to move forward with agricultural work and give workers assurance they will continue to have a job during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because [workers are] nervous about the idea of the shelter-in-place orders, what’s going to happen to them? They live paycheck to paycheck. They’re worried about it,” Rosasco said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s part of the supply chain. If our ag workers don’t keep working, we’re not going to have fruits and veggies in the markets,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Fresno City Council President Miguel Arias said he’s worried about undocumented farmworkers who lack health care coverage and might wait as long as possible before seeking treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest concern with the undocumented residents is that they’re going to be scared to come in and be checked and ask for a test, even though we know that they’re sick,” Arias said. “They’re so used to going to work, irrespective of their health conditions or whether they’re under the weather and running a fever, that once they begin to use our health care system for the coronavirus, our health care system will be overwhelmed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Fresno City Councilman Luis Chavez sent a letter to Democratic Fresno congressman Jim Costa requesting additional federal funding for protective gear for health workers and support for rural clinics to help treat a “potential overflow of patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That needs to be a part of this conversation as we’re preparing a response — to have [farmworkers] be prioritized,\" Chavez said. \"Because if they get sick and they’re not there, the whole country’s going to suffer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"coronavirus\" label=\"more coronavirus coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Workplace Benefits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State labor officials said they are committed to enforcing California law when it comes to protections for low-wage workers, including farmworkers who may be undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The current public health crisis has really highlighted the differences between those workers who have ‘Cadillac’ operations and have protections and paid benefits, versus the majority of workers in California who do not have those protections or privileges,” said Lilia Garcia-Brower, California’s labor commissioner. Her staff of 700 investigates and adjudicates workplace violations ranging from unpaid wages to retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia-Brower said her office is trying to “ensure that we reach the most vulnerable workers, those workers providing critical services, and that everyone understands that regardless of your immigration status, you do have basic protections for unpaid time, for paid sick leave and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dlse/2019-Novel-Coronavirus.htm\">other protections in the labor code.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law mandates three days of sick leave. Beyond that, workers can also apply for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11806938/how-to-file-for-unemployment-in-california-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic\">disability and paid family leave\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But undocumented workers cannot collect unemployment. To qualify, workers must show legal work authorization and immigration status, said a spokesperson for California's Economic Development Department (EDD) in an email. EDD also confirmed that it verifies immigration status with the Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook poll conducted in early March by the United Farm Workers union found over 90% of roughly 270 respondents — the majority from California, Washington and Oregon — said they had not received any information about the coronavirus from their employer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UFW has \u003ca href=\"https://ufw.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVID-19-2020-Open-Letter-from-UFW-FINAL.pdf\">called on employers\u003c/a> to extend worker sick pay to 40 hours or more and to eliminate the 90-day waiting period for new employees to be eligible for sick pay, among other changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/UFWupdates/status/1241726492717076482?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kqed.org%2Fnews%2F11808267%2F11808267-autosave-v1\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘I’ll Pay for the Test’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether farmworkers get sick, have to stay home and care for children or can’t get a visa to work in the U.S., the coronavirus could threaten the country’s supply of farm labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. farms have become \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11778033/can-a-costly-guest-worker-program-meet-californias-need-for-farm-labor\">increasingly reliant\u003c/a> on the H-2A program over the years, which allows workers to come to the U.S. to plant, prune and harvest crops on a seasonal basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, U.S. consulates in Mexico \u003ca href=\"https://mx.usembassy.gov/status-of-u-s-consular-operations-in-mexico-in-light-of-covid-19/?fbclid=IwAR2GCu9JbyZaV8Gj2jDnz_ZuXcu44so90R90tKNG1zUU_z5tfPKKpgkH6Rs\">announced\u003c/a> they would scale back their operations to maintain social distancing while prioritizing applications for returning H-2A guest workers who are eligible for an interview waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, a spokesperson for the U.S. Department of Agriculture said the agency is “directly engaged with the State Department and working diligently to ensure minimal disruption in H-2A visa applications,” and that the Trump administration is “doing everything possible” to keep the program going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all scared to death,” said Ileana Arvizu, a farm labor contractor and president of ISA Contracting Services based in Firebaugh, west of Fresno. “We need those workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arvizu said she would be willing to pay for H-2A workers to be tested for the coronavirus if it meant the workers would arrive in the U.S. in time for the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they decide that they want to make sure that they’re clear and safe, [that] they’re not coming in with the virus, I’ll pay for the test. Whether it’s in Mexico, before they actually depart, or at any point,” Arvizu said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11780792\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11780792\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS18893_GettyImages-453973236-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"A worker harvests cantaloupes on a farm near Firebaugh, California, on August 22, 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker harvests cantaloupes on a farm near Firebaugh, California, on Aug. 22, 2014. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The degree of impact a loss of workers will have depends on how long the current restrictions stay in place, said Daniel Costa (no relation to Rep. Jim Costa), director of immigration law and policy research at the Economic Policy Institute, a think tank based in a Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.epi.org/publication/coronavirus-and-farmworkers-h-2a/\">report\u003c/a> out Tuesday, Costa and UC Davis professor Philip Martin project that if only returning H-2A workers are processed for the next two months, the impact will likely be minor because farm employment in March and April is typically low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if this practice stays in place for six months or more, during which no new applicants for H-2A visas can enter the United States,\" Costa and Martin write, “the impact could be significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If fewer guest workers are allowed into the U.S. and domestic farm workers get sick or have to stay home to care for children, farms will either have to pay overtime or recruit new workers. That means U.S.-born workers could be recruited to work in agriculture, Daniel Costa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Maricruz Ladino, farmworker\"]\"This crisis is going to touch all of us. It’s a time for reflecting, re-evaluating what’s important.\"[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s obviously the big question,” he said. “In California, there’s about to be 1.6 million unemployed workers. Will those workers take those jobs? It’s an experiment that’s about to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But farm labor contractor Jasmine Quintanilla said she thinks that’s unlikely, even if many people are out of a job due to the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quintanilla said she tried hiring U.S.-born workers during past labor shortages, but they quit on their own after just a couple of hours. Workers who are new to agriculture lack experience, which presents a problem for labor contractors under pressure to work quickly and meet the expectations of growers, Quintanilla said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t really afford new people ... inexperienced people,” Quintanilla said. “People that have never worked in the field, they won’t even come out there. They’ll be like, ‘Heck no, this is too hard.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Uncertainty in the Fields\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many farms are scrambling to send more produce to supermarkets these days, farmworker Maricruz Ladino says her shifts at the packing house have become more irregular over the last week. Sometimes, there’s only a few hours of work, or workers are told to stand by to see if there will be shifts at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do see some hiccups ... given the restaurant shutdowns across the country. Those orders have suddenly stopped,” said Dave Puglia, president and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.wga.com/\">Western Growers\u003c/a>, representing fresh produce growers in California and Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You would think that we could simply redirect those fresh produce crops into the retail sector, especially because we have shortages in stores. But it unfortunately isn't that simple,” Puglia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because farms have to work out new contracts, Puglia said, and figure out the capacity of shipping companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11808285\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11808285\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS5166_5Maricruz-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Maricruz Ladino inspecting lettuce at a Salinas packing plant. \" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS5166_5Maricruz-sfi.jpg 540w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS5166_5Maricruz-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maricruz Ladino inspecting lettuce at a Salinas packing plant. \u003ccite>(Andres Cediel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ladino earns about $16 an hour as a supervisor in the packing cooler. Her rent on the one-bedroom she shares with her daughter in Salinas is $1,600. Every hour she’s not paid to work, she’s farther from making rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could get really tough. Work is how we feed our families. If things change, it’s so uncertain. How will we ever get ahead?” Ladino said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A formerly undocumented immigrant, Ladino is also worried that the coronavirus will stall immigration reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This crisis is going to touch all of us,” Ladino said. “It’s a time for reflecting, re-evaluating what’s important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s The California Report first profiled Ladino in 2013 for “Rape in the Fields,” a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/rape-in-the-fields/\">Frontline film\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10341215/farmworkers-face-rape-and-a-system-that-doesnt-aid-them\">radio series\u003c/a> about farmworkers facing sexual harassment and assault, which was produced in collaboration with the Investigative Reporting Program at UC Berkeley and the Center for Investigative Reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Agriculture is deemed an 'essential business, but farmworkers and employers are worried about the potential impact of the coronavirus on California’s food supply chain.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1587495013,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":58,"wordCount":2367},"headData":{"title":"Farmworkers Can’t Pick Crops Remotely. How Can They Stay Safe? | KQED","description":"Agriculture is deemed an 'essential business, but farmworkers and employers are worried about the potential impact of the coronavirus on California’s food supply chain.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Farmworkers Can’t Pick Crops Remotely. How Can They Stay Safe?","datePublished":"2020-03-25T13:35:10.000Z","dateModified":"2020-04-21T18:50:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11808267 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11808267","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/03/25/farmworkers-cant-pick-crops-remotely-how-can-they-stay-safe/","disqusTitle":"Farmworkers Can’t Pick Crops Remotely. How Can They Stay Safe?","source":"Coronavirus","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/coronavirus","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2020/03/TCRFarmworkers.mp3","path":"/news/11808267/farmworkers-cant-pick-crops-remotely-how-can-they-stay-safe","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Maricruz Ladino spends long nights in a freezing lettuce cooler, inspecting and packaging pre-washed salad mixes. She usually starts her shift around 4 p.m., after the pickers are done in the fields, working until at least 2 or 3 in the morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine, what happens if one of us gets sick and we still have to work?” asked Ladino in Spanish. She worries about getting exposed to the coronavirus at the packing plant where she stands on a line only about a foot apart from other workers. They come into even closer contact when passing off packages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although farming and food production are considered “essential businesses” exempt from California’s statewide shelter-in-place order, agricultural employers are having a hard time navigating guidance from public health officials on how to keep workers safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ladino said her boss held a meeting recently to remind workers to wash their hands more frequently. They need to wear gloves and a hair net as usual, but now they’re also wearing masks over their noses and mouths. Ladino said the truck drivers who transport the produce can’t come into the plant directly anymore but must wait outside in their trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘If They Get Sick ... The Whole Country’s Going to Suffer’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s farm belt pumps out more than a third of the country’s vegetables and two-thirds of its fruits and nuts every year. But during the COVID-19 pandemic, employers who manage the state’s orchards, packing sheds and fields of row crops are faced with a dilemma: continue operating and hope that workers don’t get sick or shutter their doors, forcing workers to file for unemployment and putting the country’s food supply at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/food-safety-during-emergencies/food-safety-and-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19\">Food and Drug Administration is reassuring\u003c/a> consumers that there’s no evidence of COVID-19 transmission through food or food packaging. Another question, however, is how to keep farmworkers safe from exposure on the job when social distancing is often difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"\"My biggest concern with the undocumented residents is that they’re going to be scared to come in and be checked and ask for a test, even though we know that they’re sick.\"","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Miguel Arias, Fresno City Council president","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nLupe Sandoval, managing director of the California Farm Labor Contractor Association, said guidelines released by agencies like the state's Division of Occupational Safety and Health, the California Department of Public Health and the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention so far have been generic and lack the specific guidance agricultural employers need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How many industries do you see where the employer provides group transportation?” Sandoval said. “Ag is a little different. A lot of workers will get together in vans to drive to the job site. Or an employer will be registered with the federal government to bus workers to the job site. When you have 20-25 workers in a bus, or fewer in a van, it makes it difficult for social distancing and would entail more extensive disinfecting of common surfaces in vehicles before and after rides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers also often share drinking water dispensers in the fields and sometimes work in close proximity to one another, which can make social distancing a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Polizzi, a spokesperson for the California Department of Industrial Relations (DIR), said the agency recently began working on industry-specific guidance for agricultural workers, after receiving questions from employers. DIR plans to publish the guidance in English this week and in Spanish soon after, Polizzi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erica Rosasco, an agricultural employment attorney in Roseville, said she has received a flood of calls from employers with questions about how to comply with labor laws during the coronavirus outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want to know how to deal with the virus and how to deal with sick employees. I have had some clients whose employees are sick and they believe they do have the virus,” Rosasco said. “So, what are their responsibilities, what are their obligations, what’s best practice?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11808286\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11808286\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-800x437.jpg\" alt=\"Farmworkers harvest strawberries at a farm in Carlsbad, California, in April 2006.\" width=\"800\" height=\"437\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-800x437.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-160x87.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-1020x558.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS407_farmlabor20120427-1920x1050.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworkers harvest strawberries at a farm in Carlsbad, California, in April 2006. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At least workers are unlikely to be laid off, Rosasco said. She said she is advising employers to move forward with agricultural work and give workers assurance they will continue to have a job during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because [workers are] nervous about the idea of the shelter-in-place orders, what’s going to happen to them? They live paycheck to paycheck. They’re worried about it,” Rosasco said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s part of the supply chain. If our ag workers don’t keep working, we’re not going to have fruits and veggies in the markets,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Fresno City Council President Miguel Arias said he’s worried about undocumented farmworkers who lack health care coverage and might wait as long as possible before seeking treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest concern with the undocumented residents is that they’re going to be scared to come in and be checked and ask for a test, even though we know that they’re sick,” Arias said. “They’re so used to going to work, irrespective of their health conditions or whether they’re under the weather and running a fever, that once they begin to use our health care system for the coronavirus, our health care system will be overwhelmed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Fresno City Councilman Luis Chavez sent a letter to Democratic Fresno congressman Jim Costa requesting additional federal funding for protective gear for health workers and support for rural clinics to help treat a “potential overflow of patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That needs to be a part of this conversation as we’re preparing a response — to have [farmworkers] be prioritized,\" Chavez said. \"Because if they get sick and they’re not there, the whole country’s going to suffer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"coronavirus","label":"more coronavirus coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Workplace Benefits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State labor officials said they are committed to enforcing California law when it comes to protections for low-wage workers, including farmworkers who may be undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The current public health crisis has really highlighted the differences between those workers who have ‘Cadillac’ operations and have protections and paid benefits, versus the majority of workers in California who do not have those protections or privileges,” said Lilia Garcia-Brower, California’s labor commissioner. Her staff of 700 investigates and adjudicates workplace violations ranging from unpaid wages to retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia-Brower said her office is trying to “ensure that we reach the most vulnerable workers, those workers providing critical services, and that everyone understands that regardless of your immigration status, you do have basic protections for unpaid time, for paid sick leave and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dlse/2019-Novel-Coronavirus.htm\">other protections in the labor code.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law mandates three days of sick leave. Beyond that, workers can also apply for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11806938/how-to-file-for-unemployment-in-california-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic\">disability and paid family leave\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But undocumented workers cannot collect unemployment. To qualify, workers must show legal work authorization and immigration status, said a spokesperson for California's Economic Development Department (EDD) in an email. EDD also confirmed that it verifies immigration status with the Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook poll conducted in early March by the United Farm Workers union found over 90% of roughly 270 respondents — the majority from California, Washington and Oregon — said they had not received any information about the coronavirus from their employer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UFW has \u003ca href=\"https://ufw.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVID-19-2020-Open-Letter-from-UFW-FINAL.pdf\">called on employers\u003c/a> to extend worker sick pay to 40 hours or more and to eliminate the 90-day waiting period for new employees to be eligible for sick pay, among other changes.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1241726492717076482"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘I’ll Pay for the Test’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether farmworkers get sick, have to stay home and care for children or can’t get a visa to work in the U.S., the coronavirus could threaten the country’s supply of farm labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. farms have become \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11778033/can-a-costly-guest-worker-program-meet-californias-need-for-farm-labor\">increasingly reliant\u003c/a> on the H-2A program over the years, which allows workers to come to the U.S. to plant, prune and harvest crops on a seasonal basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, U.S. consulates in Mexico \u003ca href=\"https://mx.usembassy.gov/status-of-u-s-consular-operations-in-mexico-in-light-of-covid-19/?fbclid=IwAR2GCu9JbyZaV8Gj2jDnz_ZuXcu44so90R90tKNG1zUU_z5tfPKKpgkH6Rs\">announced\u003c/a> they would scale back their operations to maintain social distancing while prioritizing applications for returning H-2A guest workers who are eligible for an interview waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, a spokesperson for the U.S. Department of Agriculture said the agency is “directly engaged with the State Department and working diligently to ensure minimal disruption in H-2A visa applications,” and that the Trump administration is “doing everything possible” to keep the program going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all scared to death,” said Ileana Arvizu, a farm labor contractor and president of ISA Contracting Services based in Firebaugh, west of Fresno. “We need those workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arvizu said she would be willing to pay for H-2A workers to be tested for the coronavirus if it meant the workers would arrive in the U.S. in time for the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they decide that they want to make sure that they’re clear and safe, [that] they’re not coming in with the virus, I’ll pay for the test. Whether it’s in Mexico, before they actually depart, or at any point,” Arvizu said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11780792\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11780792\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS18893_GettyImages-453973236-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"A worker harvests cantaloupes on a farm near Firebaugh, California, on August 22, 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker harvests cantaloupes on a farm near Firebaugh, California, on Aug. 22, 2014. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The degree of impact a loss of workers will have depends on how long the current restrictions stay in place, said Daniel Costa (no relation to Rep. Jim Costa), director of immigration law and policy research at the Economic Policy Institute, a think tank based in a Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.epi.org/publication/coronavirus-and-farmworkers-h-2a/\">report\u003c/a> out Tuesday, Costa and UC Davis professor Philip Martin project that if only returning H-2A workers are processed for the next two months, the impact will likely be minor because farm employment in March and April is typically low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if this practice stays in place for six months or more, during which no new applicants for H-2A visas can enter the United States,\" Costa and Martin write, “the impact could be significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If fewer guest workers are allowed into the U.S. and domestic farm workers get sick or have to stay home to care for children, farms will either have to pay overtime or recruit new workers. That means U.S.-born workers could be recruited to work in agriculture, Daniel Costa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"\"This crisis is going to touch all of us. It’s a time for reflecting, re-evaluating what’s important.\"","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Maricruz Ladino, farmworker","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s obviously the big question,” he said. “In California, there’s about to be 1.6 million unemployed workers. Will those workers take those jobs? It’s an experiment that’s about to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But farm labor contractor Jasmine Quintanilla said she thinks that’s unlikely, even if many people are out of a job due to the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quintanilla said she tried hiring U.S.-born workers during past labor shortages, but they quit on their own after just a couple of hours. Workers who are new to agriculture lack experience, which presents a problem for labor contractors under pressure to work quickly and meet the expectations of growers, Quintanilla said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t really afford new people ... inexperienced people,” Quintanilla said. “People that have never worked in the field, they won’t even come out there. They’ll be like, ‘Heck no, this is too hard.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Uncertainty in the Fields\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many farms are scrambling to send more produce to supermarkets these days, farmworker Maricruz Ladino says her shifts at the packing house have become more irregular over the last week. Sometimes, there’s only a few hours of work, or workers are told to stand by to see if there will be shifts at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do see some hiccups ... given the restaurant shutdowns across the country. Those orders have suddenly stopped,” said Dave Puglia, president and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.wga.com/\">Western Growers\u003c/a>, representing fresh produce growers in California and Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You would think that we could simply redirect those fresh produce crops into the retail sector, especially because we have shortages in stores. But it unfortunately isn't that simple,” Puglia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because farms have to work out new contracts, Puglia said, and figure out the capacity of shipping companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11808285\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11808285\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS5166_5Maricruz-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Maricruz Ladino inspecting lettuce at a Salinas packing plant. \" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS5166_5Maricruz-sfi.jpg 540w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/RS5166_5Maricruz-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maricruz Ladino inspecting lettuce at a Salinas packing plant. \u003ccite>(Andres Cediel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ladino earns about $16 an hour as a supervisor in the packing cooler. Her rent on the one-bedroom she shares with her daughter in Salinas is $1,600. Every hour she’s not paid to work, she’s farther from making rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could get really tough. Work is how we feed our families. If things change, it’s so uncertain. How will we ever get ahead?” Ladino said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A formerly undocumented immigrant, Ladino is also worried that the coronavirus will stall immigration reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This crisis is going to touch all of us,” Ladino said. “It’s a time for reflecting, re-evaluating what’s important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s The California Report first profiled Ladino in 2013 for “Rape in the Fields,” a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/rape-in-the-fields/\">Frontline film\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10341215/farmworkers-face-rape-and-a-system-that-doesnt-aid-them\">radio series\u003c/a> about farmworkers facing sexual harassment and assault, which was produced in collaboration with the Investigative Reporting Program at UC Berkeley and the Center for Investigative Reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11808267/farmworkers-cant-pick-crops-remotely-how-can-they-stay-safe","authors":["254","11490"],"programs":["news_72","news_26731"],"categories":["news_24114","news_457","news_1169","news_8"],"tags":["news_311","news_27350","news_27504","news_18269","news_37","news_18543","news_27808","news_26825","news_4889"],"featImg":"news_11808269","label":"source_news_11808267"},"news_11803966":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11803966","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11803966","score":null,"sort":[1582988457000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"asthma-mold-and-mice-californias-housing-crisis-sickens-families","title":"Asthma, Mold and Mice: California's Housing Crisis Sickens Families","publishDate":1582988457,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Tanya Harris and her three daughters struggle to breathe in the converted motel room in Salinas they now rent as a studio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just large enough for a bunk bed and a desk, the room holds all four of them. Harris sleeps on a silver inflatable mattress on the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors say the room is making Harris and her daughters sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s housing crisis has resulted in more and more families like Harris’ living in substandard and overcrowded conditions, and local health officials say those conditions threaten residents’ health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803970\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803970\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut-800x564.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut-800x564.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut-1020x719.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tanya Harris (left) and her daughters Heaven (right) and Getsemani (top bunk) have asthma. \u003ccite>(David Rodriguez/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After fleeing her abusive ex, Harris and her daughters ended up living in her van. Later, they moved to a shelter, then into the studio apartment almost exactly one year ago. The Californian isn’t naming her exact location due to concerns about her personal safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The motel, which she paid $900 a month to rent, was supposed to be a step up from the shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure, they’re all squeezed into one bedroom, but they were glad for the private bathroom and kitchenette down the hall, where they could make meals together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, things got worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris said they soon realized the motel was infested with mice, rats and cockroaches, which crawled out of the fist-sized hole behind the refrigerator. Harris even broke her daughter’s trundle bed one night as she jumped on it, startled by “four or five mice” running around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water they shower in drips cold from the shower head, and only warms up if the bathroom tap is on at the same time. Mold grows along the shower walls and floors, no matter how many times Harris scrubs it with bleach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All four of them have asthma, and are having more frequent, fiercer attacks, likely due to the mold and mouse feces they found everywhere, doctors told them. According to multiple studies, exposure to cockroaches and mice increases one’s risk of asthma attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like a bad mom because I can’t give them everything they deserve,” Harris said, with thick tears rolling past the star tattooed on her cheek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seventeen-year-old Heaven, sitting next to her mother on the bottom bunk, touched her arm gently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell her she’s not,” said Heaven. “She does everything. She works two jobs, and she’s just one person. To me, she’s Superwoman.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Overcrowding Increases Health Risk\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Between 2006 and 2018, the median household income in California grew 6.4%, but the average real income for the lowest 20% of households dropped by 5.3%. During that same time period, the cost of housing increased by more than 8% from 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this environment, it is not surprising that families would double or triple up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’ve got people in overcrowded conditions, typically, it’s going to be a result of economic inequality,” said Dr. Maximiliano Cuevas, who heads up Clínica de Salud del Valle de Salinas, a community-founded health clinic that works primarily with farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2019 analysis of Census Bureau data by the California Budget and Policy Center found statewide economic inequality, resulting in millions being unable to afford basic bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you start superimposing economic inequality – that is you don’t have sufficient economic resources to maintain yourself while you’re here – it will impact you,” Cuevas said. “We break down. Our body begins to get sick. If you don’t have access to healthcare, you get sicker until that disease process runs its course.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People living in overcrowded homes may have to deal with vermin and pests, as it can prove more challenging to keep the home clean when too many people live there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communicable diseases also love overcrowding. Viruses, fungal infections and head lice thrive in these environments, where germs travel in the air from coughs and linger on commonly touched items.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Diseases that Thrive\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The county health department doesn’t track individual cases of norovirus or influenza, other than outbreaks or deaths. However, during the 2018-2019 flu season in California, 588 people died from the flu, according to the state health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors like Cuevas said overcrowded housing, which has increased as the housing crisis deepened, also raises vulnerable peoples’ risk of contracting these illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viruses such as norovirus or influenza can be passed through contact with contaminated surfaces such as door handles, hands or food, but other diseases such as whooping cough or tuberculosis require people to breathe in the bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had instances (of tuberculosis) in the southern part of the county because of overcrowding: that is more than two people living in a room or more than one family living in a house,” said Cuevas. “We’re seeing a lot of that right now. For people to afford the rent of a house, you’ve got five, even 10 to 12 families living in a house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’ve got multiple families living in one home, it’s going to be very difficult to isolate someone with tuberculosis, with norovirus, with influenza,” said Dr. Edward Moreno, the director of the Monterey County Public Health Department. “Especially if you have one bathroom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803977\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803977\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut-800x560.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut-800x560.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut-160x112.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut-1020x714.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pests and viruses thrive in overcrowded environments like this trailer park in Salinas. \u003ccite>(David Rodriguez/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you’ve got a one-bedroom home or a studio, you can’t isolate someone. That’s how overcrowding contributes to making people sick, because you can’t isolate the person,” said Moreno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on 2011-2015 data from the Healthy Communities Data and Indicators Project, the state Department of Public Health found that in California, 8.2% of households are considered overcrowded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Monterey County, the rate of overcrowded households is 55% higher than the state average: It stands at 12.7%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino households in California experience the highest rate of overcrowding, at 20.1%, followed by Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islanders. In contrast, white households are the least likely to be overcrowded, at 1.7%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuberculosis is more commonly found among those who live doubled and tripled up, said Cuevas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In countries with fewer resources, a bacterial disease like tuberculosis is often considered a death sentence, said Moreno. Mexico, South America, Southeast Asia and Central Europe all grapple with this fear, said Moreno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you want to stay in the family, you want to keep your job, you don’t talk about your tuberculosis, even though you’re probably infecting other people,” said Moreno. “That’s something we deal with as we’re doing our investigations, so we don’t always get all their other family members or people at work they’ve exposed,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors with the Monterey County Department of Public Health noted that tuberculosis infections increased in the second half of the decade but dropped from 29 cases in 2018 to just 12 cases in 2019, said Kristy Michie, the assistant director of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s in a county with more than 440,000 people,” said Moreno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked what factors led or contributed to the decline in tuberculosis in the county, officials from the public health department are stymied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The health department does not have any data or evidence to support theories about why the incidence declined last year,” said Michie. As such, she said, officials are closely monitoring cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last year was unusual for us, so we do expect to see at least this number or more this year,” said Michie. “If that’s influenced by overcrowding, we can’t say for sure; there’s a lot of things at play there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bacterial disease, pertussis, also known as whooping cough, can pass more easily among the vulnerable in overcrowded conditions. More individuals became ill with whooping cough in 2019 than in previous years, but Michie said that was expected due to its cyclical pattern that peaks every three to five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like a radio wave across time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Local, Low-cost or No-cost Healthcare\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In certain parts of Monterey County, overcrowding and unhealthy living conditions are common, thanks to a lack of affordable housing. That can leave the area’s tens of thousands of farmworkers squeezed into garages and living rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2015 fact sheet by researchers at San Diego State University and the Center for Immigrant Integration at the University of Southern California, an estimated 18%, or just under 9,000, of the 49,000 people who live in East Salinas are undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers estimate only about 23% of undocumented immigrants have health insurance, compared with 63% of the U.S.-born population, excluding documented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The group that’s going to face difficulty (getting treatment) are the uninsured,” said Moreno. Specifically, he said, those who didn’t sign up for Covered California, or don’t have Medi-Cal or Medicare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going without health coverage can leave people choosing between a bill and a doctor’s visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children under 18 years of age and adults under 25 are guaranteed medical benefits by the Golden State, regardless of citizenship. However, that could still leave millions of residents without health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, between 2.35 million and 2.6 million undocumented immigrants called California home, research by the Public Policy Institute of California showed. Those numbers account for nearly a quarter of the nation’s undocumented population and 6% of the state’s total population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"housing, poverty\" label=\"More Related Stories.\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources for Uninsured\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For those without insurance, there are options available for medical care. Hospitals may have sliding scale payments for treatment, and the state’s Department of Health Care Services offers lists of healthcare providers and insurers on its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small federally qualified health centers or clinic systems across the state, such as the Clinica de Salud del Valle de Salinas clinics, offer healthcare to patients in English or Spanish at low or no cost. These community-based health care providers receive federal funds to provide primary care services in underserved areas and must meet certain requirements, such as providing care on a sliding fee scale based on ability to pay. The Salinas Valley Memorial Hospital System also operates a mobile clinic four days a week in Salinas, Castroville and Greenfield with free healthcare in English or in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kate Cimini is a multi-media journalist with The Salinas Californian. Cimini reported this story with support from the 2019 Impact Fund, a program of the USC Annenberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center for Health Journalism\u003c/a>. It was also produced in part through a collaboration with the Bay Area visual storytelling nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.catchlight.io/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Catchlight\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article is part of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/divide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The California Divide\u003c/a>, a collaboration among newsrooms examining inequity and economic survival in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Tanya Harris and her three daughters struggle to breathe in the converted motel room in Salinas they now rent as a studio.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1582855624,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":54,"wordCount":1881},"headData":{"title":"Asthma, Mold and Mice: California's Housing Crisis Sickens Families | KQED","description":"Tanya Harris and her three daughters struggle to breathe in the converted motel room in Salinas they now rent as a studio.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Asthma, Mold and Mice: California's Housing Crisis Sickens Families","datePublished":"2020-02-29T15:00:57.000Z","dateModified":"2020-02-28T02:07:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11803966 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11803966","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/02/29/asthma-mold-and-mice-californias-housing-crisis-sickens-families/","disqusTitle":"Asthma, Mold and Mice: California's Housing Crisis Sickens Families","source":"CALmatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","nprByline":"Kate Cimini","path":"/news/11803966/asthma-mold-and-mice-californias-housing-crisis-sickens-families","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tanya Harris and her three daughters struggle to breathe in the converted motel room in Salinas they now rent as a studio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just large enough for a bunk bed and a desk, the room holds all four of them. Harris sleeps on a silver inflatable mattress on the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors say the room is making Harris and her daughters sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s housing crisis has resulted in more and more families like Harris’ living in substandard and overcrowded conditions, and local health officials say those conditions threaten residents’ health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803970\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803970\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut-800x564.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut-800x564.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut-1020x719.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41648_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tanya Harris (left) and her daughters Heaven (right) and Getsemani (top bunk) have asthma. \u003ccite>(David Rodriguez/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After fleeing her abusive ex, Harris and her daughters ended up living in her van. Later, they moved to a shelter, then into the studio apartment almost exactly one year ago. The Californian isn’t naming her exact location due to concerns about her personal safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The motel, which she paid $900 a month to rent, was supposed to be a step up from the shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure, they’re all squeezed into one bedroom, but they were glad for the private bathroom and kitchenette down the hall, where they could make meals together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, things got worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris said they soon realized the motel was infested with mice, rats and cockroaches, which crawled out of the fist-sized hole behind the refrigerator. Harris even broke her daughter’s trundle bed one night as she jumped on it, startled by “four or five mice” running around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water they shower in drips cold from the shower head, and only warms up if the bathroom tap is on at the same time. Mold grows along the shower walls and floors, no matter how many times Harris scrubs it with bleach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All four of them have asthma, and are having more frequent, fiercer attacks, likely due to the mold and mouse feces they found everywhere, doctors told them. According to multiple studies, exposure to cockroaches and mice increases one’s risk of asthma attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like a bad mom because I can’t give them everything they deserve,” Harris said, with thick tears rolling past the star tattooed on her cheek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seventeen-year-old Heaven, sitting next to her mother on the bottom bunk, touched her arm gently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell her she’s not,” said Heaven. “She does everything. She works two jobs, and she’s just one person. To me, she’s Superwoman.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Overcrowding Increases Health Risk\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Between 2006 and 2018, the median household income in California grew 6.4%, but the average real income for the lowest 20% of households dropped by 5.3%. During that same time period, the cost of housing increased by more than 8% from 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this environment, it is not surprising that families would double or triple up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’ve got people in overcrowded conditions, typically, it’s going to be a result of economic inequality,” said Dr. Maximiliano Cuevas, who heads up Clínica de Salud del Valle de Salinas, a community-founded health clinic that works primarily with farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2019 analysis of Census Bureau data by the California Budget and Policy Center found statewide economic inequality, resulting in millions being unable to afford basic bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you start superimposing economic inequality – that is you don’t have sufficient economic resources to maintain yourself while you’re here – it will impact you,” Cuevas said. “We break down. Our body begins to get sick. If you don’t have access to healthcare, you get sicker until that disease process runs its course.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People living in overcrowded homes may have to deal with vermin and pests, as it can prove more challenging to keep the home clean when too many people live there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communicable diseases also love overcrowding. Viruses, fungal infections and head lice thrive in these environments, where germs travel in the air from coughs and linger on commonly touched items.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Diseases that Thrive\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The county health department doesn’t track individual cases of norovirus or influenza, other than outbreaks or deaths. However, during the 2018-2019 flu season in California, 588 people died from the flu, according to the state health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors like Cuevas said overcrowded housing, which has increased as the housing crisis deepened, also raises vulnerable peoples’ risk of contracting these illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viruses such as norovirus or influenza can be passed through contact with contaminated surfaces such as door handles, hands or food, but other diseases such as whooping cough or tuberculosis require people to breathe in the bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had instances (of tuberculosis) in the southern part of the county because of overcrowding: that is more than two people living in a room or more than one family living in a house,” said Cuevas. “We’re seeing a lot of that right now. For people to afford the rent of a house, you’ve got five, even 10 to 12 families living in a house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’ve got multiple families living in one home, it’s going to be very difficult to isolate someone with tuberculosis, with norovirus, with influenza,” said Dr. Edward Moreno, the director of the Monterey County Public Health Department. “Especially if you have one bathroom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803977\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803977\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut-800x560.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut-800x560.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut-160x112.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut-1020x714.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41650_HOUSING-HEALTH-photo-2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pests and viruses thrive in overcrowded environments like this trailer park in Salinas. \u003ccite>(David Rodriguez/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you’ve got a one-bedroom home or a studio, you can’t isolate someone. That’s how overcrowding contributes to making people sick, because you can’t isolate the person,” said Moreno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on 2011-2015 data from the Healthy Communities Data and Indicators Project, the state Department of Public Health found that in California, 8.2% of households are considered overcrowded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Monterey County, the rate of overcrowded households is 55% higher than the state average: It stands at 12.7%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino households in California experience the highest rate of overcrowding, at 20.1%, followed by Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islanders. In contrast, white households are the least likely to be overcrowded, at 1.7%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuberculosis is more commonly found among those who live doubled and tripled up, said Cuevas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In countries with fewer resources, a bacterial disease like tuberculosis is often considered a death sentence, said Moreno. Mexico, South America, Southeast Asia and Central Europe all grapple with this fear, said Moreno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you want to stay in the family, you want to keep your job, you don’t talk about your tuberculosis, even though you’re probably infecting other people,” said Moreno. “That’s something we deal with as we’re doing our investigations, so we don’t always get all their other family members or people at work they’ve exposed,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors with the Monterey County Department of Public Health noted that tuberculosis infections increased in the second half of the decade but dropped from 29 cases in 2018 to just 12 cases in 2019, said Kristy Michie, the assistant director of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s in a county with more than 440,000 people,” said Moreno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked what factors led or contributed to the decline in tuberculosis in the county, officials from the public health department are stymied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The health department does not have any data or evidence to support theories about why the incidence declined last year,” said Michie. As such, she said, officials are closely monitoring cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last year was unusual for us, so we do expect to see at least this number or more this year,” said Michie. “If that’s influenced by overcrowding, we can’t say for sure; there’s a lot of things at play there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bacterial disease, pertussis, also known as whooping cough, can pass more easily among the vulnerable in overcrowded conditions. More individuals became ill with whooping cough in 2019 than in previous years, but Michie said that was expected due to its cyclical pattern that peaks every three to five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like a radio wave across time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Local, Low-cost or No-cost Healthcare\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In certain parts of Monterey County, overcrowding and unhealthy living conditions are common, thanks to a lack of affordable housing. That can leave the area’s tens of thousands of farmworkers squeezed into garages and living rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2015 fact sheet by researchers at San Diego State University and the Center for Immigrant Integration at the University of Southern California, an estimated 18%, or just under 9,000, of the 49,000 people who live in East Salinas are undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers estimate only about 23% of undocumented immigrants have health insurance, compared with 63% of the U.S.-born population, excluding documented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The group that’s going to face difficulty (getting treatment) are the uninsured,” said Moreno. Specifically, he said, those who didn’t sign up for Covered California, or don’t have Medi-Cal or Medicare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going without health coverage can leave people choosing between a bill and a doctor’s visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children under 18 years of age and adults under 25 are guaranteed medical benefits by the Golden State, regardless of citizenship. However, that could still leave millions of residents without health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, between 2.35 million and 2.6 million undocumented immigrants called California home, research by the Public Policy Institute of California showed. Those numbers account for nearly a quarter of the nation’s undocumented population and 6% of the state’s total population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"housing, poverty","label":"More Related Stories. "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources for Uninsured\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For those without insurance, there are options available for medical care. Hospitals may have sliding scale payments for treatment, and the state’s Department of Health Care Services offers lists of healthcare providers and insurers on its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small federally qualified health centers or clinic systems across the state, such as the Clinica de Salud del Valle de Salinas clinics, offer healthcare to patients in English or Spanish at low or no cost. These community-based health care providers receive federal funds to provide primary care services in underserved areas and must meet certain requirements, such as providing care on a sliding fee scale based on ability to pay. The Salinas Valley Memorial Hospital System also operates a mobile clinic four days a week in Salinas, Castroville and Greenfield with free healthcare in English or in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kate Cimini is a multi-media journalist with The Salinas Californian. Cimini reported this story with support from the 2019 Impact Fund, a program of the USC Annenberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center for Health Journalism\u003c/a>. It was also produced in part through a collaboration with the Bay Area visual storytelling nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.catchlight.io/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Catchlight\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article is part of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/divide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The California Divide\u003c/a>, a collaboration among newsrooms examining inequity and economic survival in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11803966/asthma-mold-and-mice-californias-housing-crisis-sickens-families","authors":["byline_news_11803966"],"categories":["news_1758","news_457","news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_18545","news_1775","news_4889"],"featImg":"news_11803974","label":"source_news_11803966"},"news_11803648":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11803648","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11803648","score":null,"sort":[1582808428000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"latino-small-business-owners-are-the-fastest-growing-group-of-entrepreneurs-in-the-us","title":"Latino Small Business Owners are the Fastest-Growing Group of Entrepreneurs in the US","publishDate":1582808428,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>On the weekends, Salinas food truck owner Orlando Osornio, 30, and his wife, Denise, sell mile-high tortas filled with California fusion-inspired ingredients: hot Cheetos, bacon, mango-habañero sauce, or pineapple. Some come for the birria torta or the chicken-bacon-alfredo torta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A line of customers winds its way around the side of his tent as meat sizzles on the grills. On the other side of the mesh, Osornio and his crew pack and stack toasted buns as fast as they can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, when Osornio, who is Mexican American, was contemplating launching Tortas Al 100, he knew one thing: He didn’t want to apply for a loan. Osornio had racked up “about $30,000” in credit card debt as a teenager and when life smacked him in the face in his early 20s, he got serious about paying it down and fixing his credit score.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803667\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803667\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut-800x572.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut-800x572.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut-1020x729.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orlando Osornio owns Tortas Al 100 in Salinas. \u003ccite>(Kate Cimini/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That experience, he said, was what prompted him to forgo applying for a small business loan. Instead, Osornio estimated he and his wife spent at least $50,000 of their salaries on the burgeoning business, including food, four grills, a tent and more during its first year of operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino small business owners like Osornio are the fastest-growing group of entrepreneurs in the U.S., even as they battle systemic racism that has resulted in lower incomes and loan rates. Over the past 10 years, the number of Latino business owners grew 34%, compared to 1% for all business owners in the United States, according to a recent study from Stanford University. And more Latinos than ever are applying for small business loans to launch or grow their operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Becoming an Economic Force\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The growing success of Latino small business owners comes as Latinos are increasingly becoming an economic force in the U.S. The same Stanford study found Latino-owned businesses contributed about $500 billion to the economy in annual sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2019 report to Congress based on data from 2017 found almost 60 million Latinos in the United States already account for $2.3 trillion in economic activity in total, which on its own would rank as the eighth largest economy in the world. And Latinos are projected to make up 30% of the U.S. population by 2020, meaning the group’s contributions are likely to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino-owned businesses employ more than 3 million people, the 2019 State of Latino Entrepreneurship report by the Stanford Latino Entrepreneurship Initiative (SLEI), a Stanford University research initiative centered around Latinos in business, found. All told, Latino-owned businesses account for about 4% of U.S. business revenues and 5.5% of U.S. employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Latino-owned companies remain smaller than white-owned firms, averaging only $1.2 million in revenue compared with $2.3 million brought in by a white-owned company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is a problem, said Jerry Porras, a professor of organizational behavior and change emeritus at Stanford Business School, co-founder of the Latino Business Action Network, a nonprofit out of Stanford University focused on empowering Latino business owners, and co-director of SLEI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that there’s really a positive story when you look at Latino businesses across the country,” said Porras. “The number is smaller as a base but its growing very rapidly. Latinos are oriented towards starting businesses and are doing it at a significant rate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Latino-owned employer firms were given the same chances, Porras said, they would generate an additional $4 billion in revenue and 1 million jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Younger Than Other Entrepreneurs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Across the U.S., Latinos are represented in all the major industry sectors, owning businesses in manufacturing, education, health services, finance, construction and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino business owners tend to be younger than non-Latino business owners. Roughly 33% of Latino entrepreneurs are younger than 45, compared to just 22% of non-Latino entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For every 100,000 Latino adults in the United States, on average 510 became entrepreneurs each month in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, research by the \u003ca href=\"https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/24590/racialwealthgapbrief.pdf?sequence=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Institute on Assets and Social Policy\u003c/a>, an institute that studies economic opportunities for people of color, evidences that historic disenfranchisement of people of color has led to those very people having less generational wealth than white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, policies that favor the affluent have continued to widen the gap, particularly between white families and black or Latino families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the income gap between blacks and whites closed somewhat between 1970 to 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/11/11/who-is-hispanic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hispanics\u003c/a> fell even further behind at all income levels, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/07/12/key-findings-on-the-rise-in-income-inequality-within-americas-racial-and-ethnic-groups/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pew Research Center think tank\u003c/a> found in 2018. Even top-earning Hispanics earned only 65% as much as whites in 2016, down from 74% in 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos, on average, continue to make lower salaries than white people, research out of Stanford showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, this combination means Latinos typically have lower credit scores, which, in turn, can mean higher interest rates or being turned down for loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a report submitted to the \u003ca href=\"https://financialservices.house.gov/uploadedfiles/hhrg-116-ba00-wstate-brownj-20190226.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. House Financial Services Committee in 2019\u003c/a> by UnidosUS, a nonpartisan think tank focused on the Hispanic community, banks originally had loan officers who determined the “trustworthiness” of a loan applicant. As such, people of color were often discriminated against.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the following decades, banks lost their loan officers to the war effort, and soon invented credit scores as a stand-in. However, these, too, had their issues as they were built on longstanding disparities and have resulted in communities of color, young adults, people with low income and immigrants having disproportionately low credit scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/sites/gsb/files/publication-pdf/slei-report-2018-latino-owned-businesses-shinging-light-national-trends.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2017 Small Business Credit Study\u003c/a> by the Federal Reserve Banks, of applicants denied credit, 45% of Latino applicants were denied for insufficient credit history and 37% were denied for having too low a credit score. (Applicants could choose more than one response.) In comparison, white applicants were turned away at rates of 33% and 26% for the same reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the Latino story in some ways follows the story of why black families have less wealth than white people today,” said Urban Institute research fellow Steven Brown. “There is a lack of the same kind of resources that help build wealth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown cited restricted access to homeownership under policies such as “redlining” as a primary way Latinos were kept from building generational wealth. For decades, black and Latino neighborhoods were unfairly deemed too risky for loans and mortgages through redlining. That left people in those neighborhoods reliant on speculators or private sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When Latinos have been able to buy homes, they have historically been relegated to neighborhoods where the homes didn’t have as much value so they’re unable to build as much wealth and pass it on,” said Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In more recent years, as Latinos have become more prominent in U.S. culture, their economic standing is also rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.biz2credit.com/research-reports/latino-small-business-study-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2019 study\u003c/a> of 61,000 small-business loan applications submitted to Biz2Credit’s online marketplace found that the number of credit applications from Latino-owned businesses rose 23% from 2018 to 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Outpacing US Economy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>And over the last year, Latino-owned businesses reported an average revenue growth of 14%, outpacing the growth of the U.S. economy, the Stanford report showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While revenues climbed, though, the average credit scores of Latino business owners dipped to 588 from 594 last year, according to Biz2Credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Biz2Credit’s CEO, Rohit Arora, that could indicate business owners are using personal credit cards to fund their business growth if their companies did not qualify for loans. Furthermore, cost management can be difficult for young businesses, which may factor into the dip in scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When credit scores are less than 600, it is hard to get traditional bank loans,” Arora said in the report his firm released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Porras said the lack of credit can force Latino business owners to make riskier financial decisions, such as relying on personal credit cards to grow their business, or taking out a loan on their accounts receivable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By and large, I think Latinos are very unsuccessful in securing loans from the more professional sources,” said Porras. “It’s the smaller ones that are hurting the most,” added Porras, referencing business size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other cases, Latino borrowers may be less trusting of financial institutions as a whole, based either on past experiences or a general understanding of systemic racism by lending institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Latinos have to pay more for interest,” said Fausta Ibarra, 59, who owns her own hair salon, Tropical Cuts, in Salinas, California. “We have to pay more for everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ibarra, who calls herself a “cien por ciento,” or 100%, Mexican woman, herself had poor credit, after issues with a house she and her sisters bought together in the early 1990s. When she applied for a loan in 1993 to open her hair salon, a brightly lit salon tucked into a small strip mall in Salinas, Washington Mutual Bank denied the loan. (The bank collapsed in 2008 during the financial crisis.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She ended up borrowing nearly $30,000 from friends, family and coworkers, slowly paying them back one by one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, when Ibarra tried to purchase a home in 1996, her low credit still held her back. There was, however, another way, the realtor told her. Ibarra ended up paying more than the house was on the market for, and she had to borrow from friends and family so she could put down a deposit of $10,000, twice what she was prepared to pay out of pocket. Ibarra felt taken advantage of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Los Latinos tienen que ganarse el pan cada día,” said Ibarra in her native Spanish. “Yo sí pienso que los Latinos pueden contribuir más si nos dan la oportunidad para sacar adelante a nuestros hijos. Yo pienso que todos tenemos las ganas de progresar pero no se nos dan las facilidades que se les da a una persona ciudadana de aquí.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That translates in English to: “Latinos have to start all over again, every day,” said Ibarra. “I do think that Latinos can contribute more to this country if they give us the same opportunity to better ourselves and our children. I think we all want to progress, but they don’t give us the same tools they give someone who was born here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, black people and Latinos continue to be routinely denied conventional mortgage loans at rates far higher than their white counterparts, according to Home Mortgage Disclosure Act records \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/for-people-of-color-banks-are-shutting-the-door-to-homeownership/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analyzed by Reveal\u003c/a> for The Center for Investigative Reporting in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis showed black applicants were turned away at significantly higher rates than whites in 48 cities, and Latinos in 25, even when controlling for loan size, neighborhood and income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other instances, black or Latino applicants were steered toward higher-cost, riskier loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bank of America, for example, agreed to a $335 million payout to the Justice Department on behalf of its mortgage lender, Countrywide. Prior to Bank of America’s purchase of the lending institution, Countrywide purposely charged more than 200,000 black and Latino borrowers more for their mortgage loans than white borrowers with similar qualifications between 2004 and 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lender advised those borrowers of color to take out risky sub-prime loans, even when they qualified for prime loans, or simply charged them higher rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other lending institutions, such as Wells Fargo, have had similar claims levied against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Latinos Turn to Friends, Family for Seed Money\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>According to the 2019 Stanford report, Latinos get loans from local banks at a much higher rate than they do from national banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, local banks are disappearing across the United States and in California, thanks to what some say are more onerous federal regulations, potentially leaving Latinos out in the cold. According to data provided by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), as of Dec. 31, 2001, 8,080 FDIC-insured community banks existed in the country. By Dec. 31, 2018, 5,406 remained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The local banks are tied to the community more tightly,” said Porras. “If the community has more Latino businesses, the relationships are built up and they grow. National banks lag behind there because local banks work harder to network with the businesses in their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When local banks are not available, instead of applying to larger loan institutions, many Latinos turn to friends, family and crowdfunding for seed money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803669\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803669\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brew-N-Krew co-owners Marlene and Steven Garcia serve customers at Steinbeck’s Home Brew Fest. \u003ccite>(Kate Cimini/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Salinas, a small city surrounded by rich agricultural land, U.S. Census Bureau data shows 78.7% of the some-156,000 residents are Hispanic or Latino. While the city’s agricultural industry thrives financially, thanks to the tens of thousands of Latino farmworkers that flow in and out of Salinas every year, the average farmworker takes home just $17,500 a year, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. More than 17% of its residents live in poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Latino entrepreneurship is evident in Salinas. Latino-owned restaurants, barbershops, grocery stores, showrooms like this \u003ca href=\"https://www.craftsmenind.com/mobile-showroom-trailer-truck\">\u003cstrong>trailer mobile showroom\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> and more have risen out of the landscape all over town, tucked into plazas and surrounding big box stores. Nearly 30% of all businesses in Monterey County, where Salinas rests, are owned by Hispanic or Latino people, per data provided by the Monterey County Workforce Development Board from the 2012 American Community Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marlene Garcia, 29, is the proprietor of a homebrew operation turned commercial brewery that will open in Salinas in the spring. She borrowed $210,000 from her mother to start up her operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salinas’s downtown is just three blocks long, but Garcia’s brewery, Brew & Krew, will open on the 100 block of Main Street, near four other Latino-owned businesses that have opened (or re-opened under new ownership) in the last two years. The growth is notable on a side of town that is inhabited primarily by white residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am honestly so thankful for my parents, both of them,” said Garcia, reminiscing about her parents’ insistence that she help with the family businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her parents, Graciela and Gildardo, worked in fields after immigrating to the U.S. from Guanajuato, Mexico. Every month or so, they would go to Los Angeles, five hours away, to stock up on Mexican candy, piñatas and cassette tapes, Garcia said. Then, they would turn around and sell them at the Santa Cruz weekend flea market in central California, dragging their children with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was there that Garcia learned the dedication it took to run a business, even as she told her parents she never wanted to own her own operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Growing up, my entire life, we would go to the flea market,” said Garcia. “We’d wake up super early, drive to Santa Cruz, and work. I remember telling my parents, ‘I don’t want this, I don’t want to go into business.’ \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that I’m older, I appreciate everything they did. I see why they did that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Garcias opened another stand in another flea market, then a taquería. Finally, they sold all their businesses and took out their first loan of $80,000 to open a liquor store in Gilroy. They named the store La Flor de Jalisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"latino\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Garcia wanted to open her own brewery, her mother became her silent business partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of them, because of the way they saved, because they saved, a lot of the money that has been invested came from my mom,” said Garcia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia is in the process of applying for her first loan — a Small Business Administration loan for $480,000 to open her business. She credits her mother’s help in allowing her to not rack up debt and interest rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the space is still unfinished, Garcia has big plans for her small brewery. She wants large, stainless steel canisters in the back, behind a large pane of glass, so brew enthusiasts can watch the brewers at work as they sip on suds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hopes to connect with other business owners in the area to cross-promote, whether it be with the cinema next door or the sandwich shop across the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hispanic parents are never excited to hand out money,” Garcia said, laughing. “But she believed in it, she saw that people really do like beer. If she wouldn’t seen that reaction, it would have been harder to convince her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803671\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803671\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut-800x567.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut-1020x723.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osornio, owner of Tortas Al 100, closes the back of his cargo trailer. \u003ccite>(Kate Cimini/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>'Puro cash'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Osornio’s family has a saying whenever they have to pay for something. “Puro cash,” they repeat, laughing, or pure cash in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The joke is based on Osornio’s father. Years ago, when he was purchasing a car for his wife, the salesman asked him if he wanted to finance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No,” said Osornio the elder. “Puro cash.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the financial savvy his father displayed, Orsonio said his parents rarely talked money management with him. All he recalls was being told credit cards were for emergencies only, a lesson that, like many teenagers, he immediately disregarded as soon as he got one of his own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experience of wiggling out from under a pile of debt taught Osornio that he wanted applying for a loan to be “a last resort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, Osornio has managed to build such a successful business with his unique torta recipes that he routinely fields offers from locals to invest in or outright purchase his business — and his recipes — from him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that, advocates have said, is the hidden silver lining for Latino entrepreneurs: even more untapped potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://research.newamericaneconomy.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/12/Hispanic_V5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New American Economy report\u003c/a> on the power of Hispanics in the U.S., Hispanic entrepreneurs own a large chunk of transportation and warehouse businesses, laying claim to more than 20% of the industry in 2012. They also owned about 12% of the country’s construction firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates say that, given a chance, Latinos could grow their portion of the economy even further. However, the “opportunity gap” between Latinos and their white, business-owning\u003cbr>\ncounterparts is wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wealth is the missing ingredient in the Latino community,” said Porras. “If we could add more wealth, people would consume more and grow the economy. How do we get more wealth? Grow businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a synergystic process,” said Porras. “In the long term, it will benefit the whole country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Latinos need, Porras said, is a chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kate Cimini is a multimedia journalist for The Californian. This article is part of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/divide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The California Divide\u003c/a>, a collaboration among newsrooms examining income inequity and economic survival in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Latino small business owners are the fastest-growing group of entrepreneurs in the U.S., even as they battle systemic racism resulting in lower incomes and loan rates.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1652955524,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":83,"wordCount":3241},"headData":{"title":"Latino Small Business Owners are the Fastest-Growing Group of Entrepreneurs in the US | KQED","description":"Latino small business owners are the fastest-growing group of entrepreneurs in the U.S., even as they battle systemic racism resulting in lower incomes and loan rates.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Latino Small Business Owners are the Fastest-Growing Group of Entrepreneurs in the US","datePublished":"2020-02-27T13:00:28.000Z","dateModified":"2022-05-19T10:18:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11803648 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11803648","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/02/27/latino-small-business-owners-are-the-fastest-growing-group-of-entrepreneurs-in-the-us/","disqusTitle":"Latino Small Business Owners are the Fastest-Growing Group of Entrepreneurs in the US","source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","nprByline":"Kate Cimini","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11803648/latino-small-business-owners-are-the-fastest-growing-group-of-entrepreneurs-in-the-us","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the weekends, Salinas food truck owner Orlando Osornio, 30, and his wife, Denise, sell mile-high tortas filled with California fusion-inspired ingredients: hot Cheetos, bacon, mango-habañero sauce, or pineapple. Some come for the birria torta or the chicken-bacon-alfredo torta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A line of customers winds its way around the side of his tent as meat sizzles on the grills. On the other side of the mesh, Osornio and his crew pack and stack toasted buns as fast as they can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, when Osornio, who is Mexican American, was contemplating launching Tortas Al 100, he knew one thing: He didn’t want to apply for a loan. Osornio had racked up “about $30,000” in credit card debt as a teenager and when life smacked him in the face in his early 20s, he got serious about paying it down and fixing his credit score.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803667\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803667\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut-800x572.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut-800x572.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut-1020x729.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41591_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orlando Osornio owns Tortas Al 100 in Salinas. \u003ccite>(Kate Cimini/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That experience, he said, was what prompted him to forgo applying for a small business loan. Instead, Osornio estimated he and his wife spent at least $50,000 of their salaries on the burgeoning business, including food, four grills, a tent and more during its first year of operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino small business owners like Osornio are the fastest-growing group of entrepreneurs in the U.S., even as they battle systemic racism that has resulted in lower incomes and loan rates. Over the past 10 years, the number of Latino business owners grew 34%, compared to 1% for all business owners in the United States, according to a recent study from Stanford University. And more Latinos than ever are applying for small business loans to launch or grow their operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Becoming an Economic Force\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The growing success of Latino small business owners comes as Latinos are increasingly becoming an economic force in the U.S. The same Stanford study found Latino-owned businesses contributed about $500 billion to the economy in annual sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2019 report to Congress based on data from 2017 found almost 60 million Latinos in the United States already account for $2.3 trillion in economic activity in total, which on its own would rank as the eighth largest economy in the world. And Latinos are projected to make up 30% of the U.S. population by 2020, meaning the group’s contributions are likely to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino-owned businesses employ more than 3 million people, the 2019 State of Latino Entrepreneurship report by the Stanford Latino Entrepreneurship Initiative (SLEI), a Stanford University research initiative centered around Latinos in business, found. All told, Latino-owned businesses account for about 4% of U.S. business revenues and 5.5% of U.S. employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Latino-owned companies remain smaller than white-owned firms, averaging only $1.2 million in revenue compared with $2.3 million brought in by a white-owned company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is a problem, said Jerry Porras, a professor of organizational behavior and change emeritus at Stanford Business School, co-founder of the Latino Business Action Network, a nonprofit out of Stanford University focused on empowering Latino business owners, and co-director of SLEI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that there’s really a positive story when you look at Latino businesses across the country,” said Porras. “The number is smaller as a base but its growing very rapidly. Latinos are oriented towards starting businesses and are doing it at a significant rate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Latino-owned employer firms were given the same chances, Porras said, they would generate an additional $4 billion in revenue and 1 million jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Younger Than Other Entrepreneurs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Across the U.S., Latinos are represented in all the major industry sectors, owning businesses in manufacturing, education, health services, finance, construction and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino business owners tend to be younger than non-Latino business owners. Roughly 33% of Latino entrepreneurs are younger than 45, compared to just 22% of non-Latino entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For every 100,000 Latino adults in the United States, on average 510 became entrepreneurs each month in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, research by the \u003ca href=\"https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/24590/racialwealthgapbrief.pdf?sequence=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Institute on Assets and Social Policy\u003c/a>, an institute that studies economic opportunities for people of color, evidences that historic disenfranchisement of people of color has led to those very people having less generational wealth than white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, policies that favor the affluent have continued to widen the gap, particularly between white families and black or Latino families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the income gap between blacks and whites closed somewhat between 1970 to 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/11/11/who-is-hispanic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hispanics\u003c/a> fell even further behind at all income levels, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/07/12/key-findings-on-the-rise-in-income-inequality-within-americas-racial-and-ethnic-groups/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pew Research Center think tank\u003c/a> found in 2018. Even top-earning Hispanics earned only 65% as much as whites in 2016, down from 74% in 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos, on average, continue to make lower salaries than white people, research out of Stanford showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, this combination means Latinos typically have lower credit scores, which, in turn, can mean higher interest rates or being turned down for loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a report submitted to the \u003ca href=\"https://financialservices.house.gov/uploadedfiles/hhrg-116-ba00-wstate-brownj-20190226.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. House Financial Services Committee in 2019\u003c/a> by UnidosUS, a nonpartisan think tank focused on the Hispanic community, banks originally had loan officers who determined the “trustworthiness” of a loan applicant. As such, people of color were often discriminated against.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the following decades, banks lost their loan officers to the war effort, and soon invented credit scores as a stand-in. However, these, too, had their issues as they were built on longstanding disparities and have resulted in communities of color, young adults, people with low income and immigrants having disproportionately low credit scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/sites/gsb/files/publication-pdf/slei-report-2018-latino-owned-businesses-shinging-light-national-trends.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2017 Small Business Credit Study\u003c/a> by the Federal Reserve Banks, of applicants denied credit, 45% of Latino applicants were denied for insufficient credit history and 37% were denied for having too low a credit score. (Applicants could choose more than one response.) In comparison, white applicants were turned away at rates of 33% and 26% for the same reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the Latino story in some ways follows the story of why black families have less wealth than white people today,” said Urban Institute research fellow Steven Brown. “There is a lack of the same kind of resources that help build wealth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown cited restricted access to homeownership under policies such as “redlining” as a primary way Latinos were kept from building generational wealth. For decades, black and Latino neighborhoods were unfairly deemed too risky for loans and mortgages through redlining. That left people in those neighborhoods reliant on speculators or private sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When Latinos have been able to buy homes, they have historically been relegated to neighborhoods where the homes didn’t have as much value so they’re unable to build as much wealth and pass it on,” said Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In more recent years, as Latinos have become more prominent in U.S. culture, their economic standing is also rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.biz2credit.com/research-reports/latino-small-business-study-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2019 study\u003c/a> of 61,000 small-business loan applications submitted to Biz2Credit’s online marketplace found that the number of credit applications from Latino-owned businesses rose 23% from 2018 to 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Outpacing US Economy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>And over the last year, Latino-owned businesses reported an average revenue growth of 14%, outpacing the growth of the U.S. economy, the Stanford report showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While revenues climbed, though, the average credit scores of Latino business owners dipped to 588 from 594 last year, according to Biz2Credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Biz2Credit’s CEO, Rohit Arora, that could indicate business owners are using personal credit cards to fund their business growth if their companies did not qualify for loans. Furthermore, cost management can be difficult for young businesses, which may factor into the dip in scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When credit scores are less than 600, it is hard to get traditional bank loans,” Arora said in the report his firm released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Porras said the lack of credit can force Latino business owners to make riskier financial decisions, such as relying on personal credit cards to grow their business, or taking out a loan on their accounts receivable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By and large, I think Latinos are very unsuccessful in securing loans from the more professional sources,” said Porras. “It’s the smaller ones that are hurting the most,” added Porras, referencing business size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other cases, Latino borrowers may be less trusting of financial institutions as a whole, based either on past experiences or a general understanding of systemic racism by lending institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Latinos have to pay more for interest,” said Fausta Ibarra, 59, who owns her own hair salon, Tropical Cuts, in Salinas, California. “We have to pay more for everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ibarra, who calls herself a “cien por ciento,” or 100%, Mexican woman, herself had poor credit, after issues with a house she and her sisters bought together in the early 1990s. When she applied for a loan in 1993 to open her hair salon, a brightly lit salon tucked into a small strip mall in Salinas, Washington Mutual Bank denied the loan. (The bank collapsed in 2008 during the financial crisis.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She ended up borrowing nearly $30,000 from friends, family and coworkers, slowly paying them back one by one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, when Ibarra tried to purchase a home in 1996, her low credit still held her back. There was, however, another way, the realtor told her. Ibarra ended up paying more than the house was on the market for, and she had to borrow from friends and family so she could put down a deposit of $10,000, twice what she was prepared to pay out of pocket. Ibarra felt taken advantage of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Los Latinos tienen que ganarse el pan cada día,” said Ibarra in her native Spanish. “Yo sí pienso que los Latinos pueden contribuir más si nos dan la oportunidad para sacar adelante a nuestros hijos. Yo pienso que todos tenemos las ganas de progresar pero no se nos dan las facilidades que se les da a una persona ciudadana de aquí.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That translates in English to: “Latinos have to start all over again, every day,” said Ibarra. “I do think that Latinos can contribute more to this country if they give us the same opportunity to better ourselves and our children. I think we all want to progress, but they don’t give us the same tools they give someone who was born here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, black people and Latinos continue to be routinely denied conventional mortgage loans at rates far higher than their white counterparts, according to Home Mortgage Disclosure Act records \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/for-people-of-color-banks-are-shutting-the-door-to-homeownership/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analyzed by Reveal\u003c/a> for The Center for Investigative Reporting in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis showed black applicants were turned away at significantly higher rates than whites in 48 cities, and Latinos in 25, even when controlling for loan size, neighborhood and income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other instances, black or Latino applicants were steered toward higher-cost, riskier loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bank of America, for example, agreed to a $335 million payout to the Justice Department on behalf of its mortgage lender, Countrywide. Prior to Bank of America’s purchase of the lending institution, Countrywide purposely charged more than 200,000 black and Latino borrowers more for their mortgage loans than white borrowers with similar qualifications between 2004 and 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lender advised those borrowers of color to take out risky sub-prime loans, even when they qualified for prime loans, or simply charged them higher rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other lending institutions, such as Wells Fargo, have had similar claims levied against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Latinos Turn to Friends, Family for Seed Money\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>According to the 2019 Stanford report, Latinos get loans from local banks at a much higher rate than they do from national banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, local banks are disappearing across the United States and in California, thanks to what some say are more onerous federal regulations, potentially leaving Latinos out in the cold. According to data provided by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), as of Dec. 31, 2001, 8,080 FDIC-insured community banks existed in the country. By Dec. 31, 2018, 5,406 remained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The local banks are tied to the community more tightly,” said Porras. “If the community has more Latino businesses, the relationships are built up and they grow. National banks lag behind there because local banks work harder to network with the businesses in their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When local banks are not available, instead of applying to larger loan institutions, many Latinos turn to friends, family and crowdfunding for seed money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803669\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803669\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41593_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brew-N-Krew co-owners Marlene and Steven Garcia serve customers at Steinbeck’s Home Brew Fest. \u003ccite>(Kate Cimini/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Salinas, a small city surrounded by rich agricultural land, U.S. Census Bureau data shows 78.7% of the some-156,000 residents are Hispanic or Latino. While the city’s agricultural industry thrives financially, thanks to the tens of thousands of Latino farmworkers that flow in and out of Salinas every year, the average farmworker takes home just $17,500 a year, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. More than 17% of its residents live in poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Latino entrepreneurship is evident in Salinas. Latino-owned restaurants, barbershops, grocery stores, showrooms like this \u003ca href=\"https://www.craftsmenind.com/mobile-showroom-trailer-truck\">\u003cstrong>trailer mobile showroom\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> and more have risen out of the landscape all over town, tucked into plazas and surrounding big box stores. Nearly 30% of all businesses in Monterey County, where Salinas rests, are owned by Hispanic or Latino people, per data provided by the Monterey County Workforce Development Board from the 2012 American Community Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marlene Garcia, 29, is the proprietor of a homebrew operation turned commercial brewery that will open in Salinas in the spring. She borrowed $210,000 from her mother to start up her operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salinas’s downtown is just three blocks long, but Garcia’s brewery, Brew & Krew, will open on the 100 block of Main Street, near four other Latino-owned businesses that have opened (or re-opened under new ownership) in the last two years. The growth is notable on a side of town that is inhabited primarily by white residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am honestly so thankful for my parents, both of them,” said Garcia, reminiscing about her parents’ insistence that she help with the family businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her parents, Graciela and Gildardo, worked in fields after immigrating to the U.S. from Guanajuato, Mexico. Every month or so, they would go to Los Angeles, five hours away, to stock up on Mexican candy, piñatas and cassette tapes, Garcia said. Then, they would turn around and sell them at the Santa Cruz weekend flea market in central California, dragging their children with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was there that Garcia learned the dedication it took to run a business, even as she told her parents she never wanted to own her own operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Growing up, my entire life, we would go to the flea market,” said Garcia. “We’d wake up super early, drive to Santa Cruz, and work. I remember telling my parents, ‘I don’t want this, I don’t want to go into business.’ \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that I’m older, I appreciate everything they did. I see why they did that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Garcias opened another stand in another flea market, then a taquería. Finally, they sold all their businesses and took out their first loan of $80,000 to open a liquor store in Gilroy. They named the store La Flor de Jalisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"latino","label":"More Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Garcia wanted to open her own brewery, her mother became her silent business partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of them, because of the way they saved, because they saved, a lot of the money that has been invested came from my mom,” said Garcia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia is in the process of applying for her first loan — a Small Business Administration loan for $480,000 to open her business. She credits her mother’s help in allowing her to not rack up debt and interest rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the space is still unfinished, Garcia has big plans for her small brewery. She wants large, stainless steel canisters in the back, behind a large pane of glass, so brew enthusiasts can watch the brewers at work as they sip on suds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hopes to connect with other business owners in the area to cross-promote, whether it be with the cinema next door or the sandwich shop across the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hispanic parents are never excited to hand out money,” Garcia said, laughing. “But she believed in it, she saw that people really do like beer. If she wouldn’t seen that reaction, it would have been harder to convince her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803671\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11803671\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut-800x567.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut-1020x723.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41594_LATINO-BUSINESS-OWNERS-photo-4-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osornio, owner of Tortas Al 100, closes the back of his cargo trailer. \u003ccite>(Kate Cimini/The Salinas Californian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>'Puro cash'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Osornio’s family has a saying whenever they have to pay for something. “Puro cash,” they repeat, laughing, or pure cash in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The joke is based on Osornio’s father. Years ago, when he was purchasing a car for his wife, the salesman asked him if he wanted to finance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No,” said Osornio the elder. “Puro cash.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the financial savvy his father displayed, Orsonio said his parents rarely talked money management with him. All he recalls was being told credit cards were for emergencies only, a lesson that, like many teenagers, he immediately disregarded as soon as he got one of his own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experience of wiggling out from under a pile of debt taught Osornio that he wanted applying for a loan to be “a last resort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, Osornio has managed to build such a successful business with his unique torta recipes that he routinely fields offers from locals to invest in or outright purchase his business — and his recipes — from him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that, advocates have said, is the hidden silver lining for Latino entrepreneurs: even more untapped potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://research.newamericaneconomy.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/12/Hispanic_V5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New American Economy report\u003c/a> on the power of Hispanics in the U.S., Hispanic entrepreneurs own a large chunk of transportation and warehouse businesses, laying claim to more than 20% of the industry in 2012. They also owned about 12% of the country’s construction firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates say that, given a chance, Latinos could grow their portion of the economy even further. However, the “opportunity gap” between Latinos and their white, business-owning\u003cbr>\ncounterparts is wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wealth is the missing ingredient in the Latino community,” said Porras. “If we could add more wealth, people would consume more and grow the economy. How do we get more wealth? Grow businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a synergystic process,” said Porras. “In the long term, it will benefit the whole country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Latinos need, Porras said, is a chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kate Cimini is a multimedia journalist for The Californian. This article is part of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/divide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The California Divide\u003c/a>, a collaboration among newsrooms examining income inequity and economic survival in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11803648/latino-small-business-owners-are-the-fastest-growing-group-of-entrepreneurs-in-the-us","authors":["byline_news_11803648"],"categories":["news_1758","news_8"],"tags":["news_17611","news_20427","news_20605","news_4889","news_178"],"featImg":"news_11803666","label":"source_news_11803648"},"news_11797325":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11797325","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11797325","score":null,"sort":[1580517039000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dreaming-the-golden-state-with-the-california-report-magazine-part-two","title":"'Dreaming the Golden State' With The California Report Magazine (Part Two)","publishDate":1580517039,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Letter to My CA Dreamer | The California Report Magazine | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In late November, The California Report Magazine held a night of live storytelling that explored stories about California dreams found, and lost, and whether that dream is still alive. In Part Two, hear selected highlights from the event, \"Dreaming the Golden State,\" held at the Brava Theater in San Francisco. You can listen to part one of our program \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11796176/dreaming-the-golden-state-with-the-california-report-magazine-part-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Letter to My California Dreamer: Discovering My True Self in Modesto\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11797334\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-193.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11797334\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-193-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-193-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-193-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-193-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-193.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Toni Rodriguez of Modesto performs his 'Letter to My California Dreamer' that he wrote to himself, live on stage at San Francisco's Brava Theater. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Alain McLaughlin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As part of the show's \"Letter to My California Dreamer\" series, several listeners shared what they had written to the first person in their family who moved to the Golden State with a dream. For Toni Rodriguez, that person was himself. He wrote a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707691/letter-to-my-california-dreamer-discovering-my-true-self-in-modesto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> to the kid from the Bronx who dreamed of moving west and surfing with the Beach Boys. After arriving in California, he was able to find and live as his true self.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Her Double Life\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11797371\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-272.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11797371\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-272-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-272-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-272-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-272-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-272.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">My Linh Le performs a dance titled 'Underwater.' \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Alain McLaughlin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My Linh Le has been lying to her family about who she really is for decades. Growing up, her Vietnamese immigrant parents were extremely strict and prone to rage. So she didn't tell them when she decided to switch her major from biochemistry to dance. As My Linh told reporter April Dembosky, she's had to take some big steps to cover up \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11670259/her-double-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">her double life\u003c/a>, and she has her reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Letter to My California Dreamer: Finding Home and Harvest in Salinas\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11797386\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-254.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11797386\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-254-800x526.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"526\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-254-800x526.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-254-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-254-1020x670.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-254.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra Barocio reads a letter she wrote to her big brother, Humberto. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Alain McLaughlin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sandra Barocio of Moss Beach wrote a\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11674420/letter-to-my-california-dreamer-finding-home-and-harvest-in-salinas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> letter\u003c/a> to the family member who brought her to California, her older brother, Humberto. She remembers making the long drive north from Mexico in the family’s brown Dodge Polara, and how she and her parents and siblings had to sleep under a tree, until Humberto found them shelter. Fifty-two year later, she wants to thank him for delivering their family safely to the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Daps and Hugs: I'm Moving Out of Oakland\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11797412\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS-Pendarvis-Harshaw.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11797412\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS-Pendarvis-Harshaw-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS-Pendarvis-Harshaw-800x598.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS-Pendarvis-Harshaw-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS-Pendarvis-Harshaw-1020x762.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS-Pendarvis-Harshaw.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS-Pendarvis-Harshaw-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pendarvis Harshaw, host of KQED's arts and culture podcast 'Rightnowish' describes leaving his hometown. (Courtesy of Alain McLaughlin)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ogpenn?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pendarvis Harshaw\u003c/a> is a cultural icon in his own right, with deep roots in Oakland. He's also the host of KQED's \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/rightnowish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rightnowish\u003c/a>\" podcast, which explores how Bay Area identity shapes the artists who live and create there. At the event, Pen describes the weekend he \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13865533/daps-and-hugs-im-moving-out-of-oakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">moved away\u003c/a> from his home town.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Letter to My California Dreamer: Pursuing the Next Great American Novel\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11797432\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-289.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11797432\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-289-800x558.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"558\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-289-800x558.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-289-160x112.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-289-1020x711.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-289.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tai Moses reads a letter to her father, who moved to California with dreams of becoming a writer. (Courtesy of Alain McLaughlin)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The last \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/letters-to-my-california-dreamer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Letter to My California Dreamer\u003c/a>\" was read by Tai Moses. She \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11694742/letter-to-my-california-dreamer-pursuing-the-next-great-american-novel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote\u003c/a> to her father, who crossed the country from Coney Island to Los Angeles, with his portable typewriter in hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Mike Marshall Gets a Second Chance\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11797646\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-226.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11797646 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-226-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-226-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-226-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-226-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-226.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">R&B singer Mike Marshall performs \"I Love Music.\" (Courtesy of Alain McLaughlin)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11796176 label='Part One' hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/DreamingGoldenState_Eventbrite-1020x538.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRte0S2a_dA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recognize\u003c/a> Mike Marshall's voice, even if you don't know his name. The R&B singer wasn't always credited for his hits, and he struggled for many years with addiction. Now he's starting to get the recognition he deserves and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13864913/after-last-black-man-and-us-singer-mike-marshall-gets-a-second-chance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second chance\u003c/a>. His music has recently been featured in the films \"\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/hNCmb-4oXJA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Us\u003c/a>\" and \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0FnJDhY9-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Last Black Man in San Francisco.\u003c/a>\" Mike Marshall closed out our event with a live performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The California Report Magazine listeners and reporters take the stage to share their stories about the 'California Dream' and whether it's still alive.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1580518520,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":638},"headData":{"title":"'Dreaming the Golden State' With The California Report Magazine (Part Two) | KQED","description":"The California Report Magazine listeners and reporters take the stage to share their stories about the 'California Dream' and whether it's still alive.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'Dreaming the Golden State' With The California Report Magazine (Part Two)","datePublished":"2020-02-01T00:30:39.000Z","dateModified":"2020-02-01T00:55:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11797325 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11797325","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/01/31/dreaming-the-golden-state-with-the-california-report-magazine-part-two/","disqusTitle":"'Dreaming the Golden State' With The California Report Magazine (Part Two)","source":"The California Report Magazine","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/program/the-california-report-magazine","audioTrackLength":1699,"path":"/news/11797325/dreaming-the-golden-state-with-the-california-report-magazine-part-two","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2020/01/TCRPM20200131.mp3","audioDuration":1703000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In late November, The California Report Magazine held a night of live storytelling that explored stories about California dreams found, and lost, and whether that dream is still alive. In Part Two, hear selected highlights from the event, \"Dreaming the Golden State,\" held at the Brava Theater in San Francisco. You can listen to part one of our program \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11796176/dreaming-the-golden-state-with-the-california-report-magazine-part-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Letter to My California Dreamer: Discovering My True Self in Modesto\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11797334\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-193.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11797334\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-193-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-193-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-193-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-193-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-193.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Toni Rodriguez of Modesto performs his 'Letter to My California Dreamer' that he wrote to himself, live on stage at San Francisco's Brava Theater. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Alain McLaughlin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As part of the show's \"Letter to My California Dreamer\" series, several listeners shared what they had written to the first person in their family who moved to the Golden State with a dream. For Toni Rodriguez, that person was himself. He wrote a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707691/letter-to-my-california-dreamer-discovering-my-true-self-in-modesto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> to the kid from the Bronx who dreamed of moving west and surfing with the Beach Boys. After arriving in California, he was able to find and live as his true self.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Her Double Life\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11797371\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-272.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11797371\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-272-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-272-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-272-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-272-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-272.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">My Linh Le performs a dance titled 'Underwater.' \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Alain McLaughlin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My Linh Le has been lying to her family about who she really is for decades. Growing up, her Vietnamese immigrant parents were extremely strict and prone to rage. So she didn't tell them when she decided to switch her major from biochemistry to dance. As My Linh told reporter April Dembosky, she's had to take some big steps to cover up \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11670259/her-double-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">her double life\u003c/a>, and she has her reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Letter to My California Dreamer: Finding Home and Harvest in Salinas\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11797386\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-254.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11797386\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-254-800x526.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"526\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-254-800x526.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-254-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-254-1020x670.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-254.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra Barocio reads a letter she wrote to her big brother, Humberto. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Alain McLaughlin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sandra Barocio of Moss Beach wrote a\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11674420/letter-to-my-california-dreamer-finding-home-and-harvest-in-salinas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> letter\u003c/a> to the family member who brought her to California, her older brother, Humberto. She remembers making the long drive north from Mexico in the family’s brown Dodge Polara, and how she and her parents and siblings had to sleep under a tree, until Humberto found them shelter. Fifty-two year later, she wants to thank him for delivering their family safely to the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Daps and Hugs: I'm Moving Out of Oakland\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11797412\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS-Pendarvis-Harshaw.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11797412\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS-Pendarvis-Harshaw-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS-Pendarvis-Harshaw-800x598.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS-Pendarvis-Harshaw-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS-Pendarvis-Harshaw-1020x762.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS-Pendarvis-Harshaw.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS-Pendarvis-Harshaw-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pendarvis Harshaw, host of KQED's arts and culture podcast 'Rightnowish' describes leaving his hometown. (Courtesy of Alain McLaughlin)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ogpenn?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pendarvis Harshaw\u003c/a> is a cultural icon in his own right, with deep roots in Oakland. He's also the host of KQED's \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/rightnowish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rightnowish\u003c/a>\" podcast, which explores how Bay Area identity shapes the artists who live and create there. At the event, Pen describes the weekend he \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13865533/daps-and-hugs-im-moving-out-of-oakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">moved away\u003c/a> from his home town.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Letter to My California Dreamer: Pursuing the Next Great American Novel\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11797432\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-289.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11797432\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-289-800x558.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"558\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-289-800x558.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-289-160x112.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-289-1020x711.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-289.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tai Moses reads a letter to her father, who moved to California with dreams of becoming a writer. (Courtesy of Alain McLaughlin)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The last \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/letters-to-my-california-dreamer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Letter to My California Dreamer\u003c/a>\" was read by Tai Moses. She \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11694742/letter-to-my-california-dreamer-pursuing-the-next-great-american-novel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote\u003c/a> to her father, who crossed the country from Coney Island to Los Angeles, with his portable typewriter in hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Mike Marshall Gets a Second Chance\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11797646\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-226.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11797646 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-226-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-226-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-226-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-226-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/KQED19DreamingGS_CRM-226.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">R&B singer Mike Marshall performs \"I Love Music.\" (Courtesy of Alain McLaughlin)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11796176","label":"Part One ","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/DreamingGoldenState_Eventbrite-1020x538.jpg"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRte0S2a_dA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recognize\u003c/a> Mike Marshall's voice, even if you don't know his name. The R&B singer wasn't always credited for his hits, and he struggled for many years with addiction. Now he's starting to get the recognition he deserves and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13864913/after-last-black-man-and-us-singer-mike-marshall-gets-a-second-chance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second chance\u003c/a>. His music has recently been featured in the films \"\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/hNCmb-4oXJA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Us\u003c/a>\" and \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0FnJDhY9-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Last Black Man in San Francisco.\u003c/a>\" Mike Marshall closed out our event with a live performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11797325/dreaming-the-golden-state-with-the-california-report-magazine-part-two","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_72","news_26731"],"series":["news_24148"],"categories":["news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_19764","news_21840","news_24389","news_23499","news_18","news_4889","news_21268","news_22018"],"featImg":"news_11797439","label":"source_news_11797325"},"news_11780752":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11780752","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11780752","score":null,"sort":[1571352659000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"this-trump-rule-change-will-mean-lower-wages-for-farmworkers","title":"This Trump Rule Change Will Mean Lower Wages for Farmworkers","publishDate":1571352659,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Temporary seasonal farmworkers will see wages decrease if a visa rule change proposed by the Trump administration goes through, and labor advocates worry that it also could lead to pay cuts for other domestic farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agriculture industry experts say the decreased costs will provide some much-needed relief for growers. The H-2A program allows agricultural employers to temporarily employ guest workers from other countries if there is a shortage of workers willing to take the jobs they offer. Some H-2A workers said they would still participate in the program even if they saw their wages go down, as they would make far more in six months as H-2A workers than they would doing the same work at home in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\", citation=\"Michael Marsh, president and CEO of the National Council of Agricultural Employers\"]'This will continue to erode domestic farmers' profitability while continuing to press upward domestic workers' wages unsustainably.'[/pullquote]Orlando, who declined to give his last name for fear of losing his job, came to the Salinas Valley on an H-2A visa to pick strawberries. Picking strawberries is particularly difficult as it requires the picker to spend the day bent at the waist, gently twisting ripe strawberries off each bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking in Spanish, Orlando said he sent the majority of his money home to his family in Michoacán, so his children could afford clothes and books for school. He supported his entire family, he said, and even if the wages in the U.S. dropped, he would still reapply for a job as an H-2A worker. The money was too good to pass up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His roommate, César, who would only his first name for the same reason, agreed with Orlando. “It’s the reason why we come,” he added in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Announced in July, the Trump administration’s proposed changes to the H-2A visa came shortly after the Adverse Effect Wage Rate (AEWR) increased across the U.S. The changes would alter how the AEWR, which is the minimum hourly wage needed to attract noncitizen, seasonal workers, is calculated, lowering the hourly wage to benefit growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Labor calculates the AEWR annually, and each state has a different one that employers must meet. Growers who employ H-2A workers have the option to pay workers whichever is higher: the AEWR, the agreed-upon amount set in a collective bargaining agreement, or the state or federal minimum wage. In some states, that list also includes the prevailing wage, based upon surveys of employees in similar positions within the same field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11780833\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/GettyImages-164224998-800x551.jpg\" alt=\"Migrant workers harvest strawberries at a farm March 13, 2013 near Oxnard, California. \" width=\"800\" height=\"551\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11780833\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrant workers harvest strawberries at a farm March 13, 2013 near Oxnard, California. \u003ccite>(Joe Klamar/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From 2018 to 2019, California saw an increase of 6% in its AEWR, according to the Farm Bureau, driving the hourly wage from $13.18 to $13.92. Other states, such as Colorado, saw their AEWR increase by as much as 23%. Farmer advocates say growers and employers cannot sustain the pace of pay growth, which rarely drops. Between 2009 and 2014, the AEWR increased from $10.16 to just over $11, data from the Department of Labor shows. Today, it stands at just under $14 in California. Other states, including Washington, pay just over $15 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will continue to erode domestic farmers’ profitability while continuing to press upward domestic workers’ wages unsustainably,” said President and CEO of the National Council of Agricultural Employers, Michael Marsh. “You’ll see farmers expanding fruit and vegetable production in Canada and Mexico, where the wage rates are significantly lower than they have to pay in the U.S. About half the fresh fruit in the U.S. is produced in a foreign country, and about a third of the vegetables.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And others say the wage rate is not just unsustainable, but unfairly calculated in the first place, and badly in need of a fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe the AEWR is skewed, because that is based on regions of the United States,” said Sara Neagu-Reed, associate director of Federal Policy for the California Farm Bureau. “So you’re comparing a combine driver in Idaho to a blueberry picker in Salinas Valley. That’s why we think it’s flawed, and it’s better to go with the proposed rule, so you’re looking at calculations by job categories, and individuals who are all in the table grape or berry-picking category.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"farmworkers\" label=\"Related Content\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the “Salad Bowl of the World,” Monterey County Farm Bureau Executive Director Norm Groot argued that revamping the AEWR calculation model, resulting in a lower hourly wage for H-2A workers, would help farmers significantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have temporary workers who are being paid more and domestic workers who technically could be paid less, but they have to be paid the same anyway, and so it has this wage inflation proponent in it,” Groot said. “What we’re trying to do is get that to tied not only to the inflation index, but also to the economy. If the economy goes down, then the adverse wage rate also goes down. Currently, it doesn’t get adjusted down, so you have an economy that’s slumping and you’re still paying those high wages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the proposed H-2A guidelines also fail to take into account year-round agriculture, as takes place in the Salinas Valley, Groot added. He said that problem could be solved by simply increasing the number of green cards with an agriculture or horticultural preference, or adding an at-will provision so H-2A workers are tied to an area, and not one specific grower. That would help growers and farmworkers, Groot said, as growers don’t always have fields that need picking and H-2A workers only get paid for the days they work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If wages lower, it could put added pressure on an already struggling population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salinas tops the list of places in the U.S. with the highest concentration of farmworkers. According to the Department of Labor, 31,700 people worked as farmworkers in Salinas in 2018. In the Salinas and Pajaro valleys combined, just over 4,000 farmworkers were H-2A workers in 2017. The mean wage drawn by a farmworker in Salinas in 2018 was $28,940, statistics from the Department of Labor showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11780790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS8926_Drought_JoshC-4394-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Farm fields outside of Los Banos, California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11780790\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farm fields outside of Los Banos, California. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salinas is also one of the most expensive places in the U.S. to live, with rent prices sitting at about double the national average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of farmworkers are Latino, and a new report from Oakland’s Insight Center for Community Development found 52% of Latino households have trouble paying for basic expenses, such as housing, food or electricity. The number of Latino households struggling increased from 49% in 2014, the report showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is due, in part, to Latinos often making a lower wage. The median income for Latino households in 2016 was $56,200, far lower than the statewide average of $78,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworker advocates worry the Trump administration’s proposal to drop the wages paid to H-2A workers will adversely affect domestic farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the proposed regulation seeks to do is change the formula for how it’s calculated,” said Marichel Mejia, national field coordinator for the United Farm Workers Foundation. “One of the ways that they are adjusting this formula is basing wages based on a survey on farm labor contractors and the wages they pay. Farm labor contractors notoriously pay way less versus farmworkers who are direct hires from the company.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pay for domestic farmworkers is tied legally to H-2A pay; the hourly wage H-2A workers receive must be higher than the wages domestic workers receive. Some growers compensate domestic workers at the same rate as H-2A workers, or pay domestic workers a piece rate on top of a lower hourly wage that can help them earn higher wages overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\", citation=\"Marichel Mejia, national field coordinator for the United Farm Workers Foundation\"]'Farmworkers are hardworking people who do some of the most difficult jobs in this country and they bring food to all of our tables. It’s hard, difficult work that’s dignified, so they should not have their wages going down.'[/pullquote]Advocates such as the United Farm Workers Foundation worry that when noncitizen workers are paid less under the Trump administration proposal, all farmworkers will likely see their earnings decrease. Growers may hire farm labor contractors, as opposed to hiring workers, directly in order to reduce their paperwork, cut down on worker recruitment efforts, reduce legal liability, avoid unionization or labor management disputes and cut their own costs, a 2010 report out of the California Institute for Rural Studies shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the same report shows abuses have been reported against farm labor contractors since the earliest days of the system in 1928. Those abuses continue to this day as wage and labor violations as well as retaliatory actions, like firing workers for complaining about being sprayed with pesticides. The administration’s proposal also would require employers to pay less for transportation of the H-2A farmworkers from their native country to their place of work as well as decrease annual housing inspections of H-2A housing, carried out by federal inspectors, to once every two years. Employers would also have the option to self-certify that housing meets H-2A standards instead of undergoing a government inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This in particular rang alarm bells at the UFW, Mejia said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmworkers are hardworking people who do some of the most difficult jobs in this country and they bring food to all of our tables,” said Mejia. “It’s hard, difficult work that’s dignified, so they should not have their wages going down. There are farmworkers that have been working in this country for decades and their job security should not be threatened by being potentially displaced by H-2A guest workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The H-2A worker program is notorious to have a lot of abuse of these guest workers coming in because they don’t have a lot of labor rights. The idea of removing some of their housing safeguards, we are against that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decision on the proposal is expected within the next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kate Cimini is a multimedia journalist for The Californian. This article is part of the California Divide project, a collaboration among newsrooms examining income inequality and economic survival in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Trump administration's proposal to change the H-2A visa will lower temporary farmworker's wages, decrease their housing security rights and could potentially affect domestic farmworkers as well. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1571417849,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1803},"headData":{"title":"This Trump Rule Change Will Mean Lower Wages for Farmworkers | KQED","description":"The Trump administration's proposal to change the H-2A visa will lower temporary farmworker's wages, decrease their housing security rights and could potentially affect domestic farmworkers as well. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"This Trump Rule Change Will Mean Lower Wages for Farmworkers","datePublished":"2019-10-17T22:50:59.000Z","dateModified":"2019-10-18T16:57:29.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11780752 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11780752","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/10/17/this-trump-rule-change-will-mean-lower-wages-for-farmworkers/","disqusTitle":"This Trump Rule Change Will Mean Lower Wages for Farmworkers","source":"CaLMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/kate-cimini/\">Kate Cimini\u003c/a>\u003cbr />CalMatters\u003c/strong>","path":"/news/11780752/this-trump-rule-change-will-mean-lower-wages-for-farmworkers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Temporary seasonal farmworkers will see wages decrease if a visa rule change proposed by the Trump administration goes through, and labor advocates worry that it also could lead to pay cuts for other domestic farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agriculture industry experts say the decreased costs will provide some much-needed relief for growers. The H-2A program allows agricultural employers to temporarily employ guest workers from other countries if there is a shortage of workers willing to take the jobs they offer. Some H-2A workers said they would still participate in the program even if they saw their wages go down, as they would make far more in six months as H-2A workers than they would doing the same work at home in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'This will continue to erode domestic farmers' profitability while continuing to press upward domestic workers' wages unsustainably.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"citation":"Michael Marsh, president and CEO of the National Council of Agricultural Employers","label":"size=\"medium\","},"numeric":["size=\"medium\","]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Orlando, who declined to give his last name for fear of losing his job, came to the Salinas Valley on an H-2A visa to pick strawberries. Picking strawberries is particularly difficult as it requires the picker to spend the day bent at the waist, gently twisting ripe strawberries off each bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking in Spanish, Orlando said he sent the majority of his money home to his family in Michoacán, so his children could afford clothes and books for school. He supported his entire family, he said, and even if the wages in the U.S. dropped, he would still reapply for a job as an H-2A worker. The money was too good to pass up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His roommate, César, who would only his first name for the same reason, agreed with Orlando. “It’s the reason why we come,” he added in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Announced in July, the Trump administration’s proposed changes to the H-2A visa came shortly after the Adverse Effect Wage Rate (AEWR) increased across the U.S. The changes would alter how the AEWR, which is the minimum hourly wage needed to attract noncitizen, seasonal workers, is calculated, lowering the hourly wage to benefit growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Labor calculates the AEWR annually, and each state has a different one that employers must meet. Growers who employ H-2A workers have the option to pay workers whichever is higher: the AEWR, the agreed-upon amount set in a collective bargaining agreement, or the state or federal minimum wage. In some states, that list also includes the prevailing wage, based upon surveys of employees in similar positions within the same field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11780833\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/GettyImages-164224998-800x551.jpg\" alt=\"Migrant workers harvest strawberries at a farm March 13, 2013 near Oxnard, California. \" width=\"800\" height=\"551\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11780833\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrant workers harvest strawberries at a farm March 13, 2013 near Oxnard, California. \u003ccite>(Joe Klamar/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From 2018 to 2019, California saw an increase of 6% in its AEWR, according to the Farm Bureau, driving the hourly wage from $13.18 to $13.92. Other states, such as Colorado, saw their AEWR increase by as much as 23%. Farmer advocates say growers and employers cannot sustain the pace of pay growth, which rarely drops. Between 2009 and 2014, the AEWR increased from $10.16 to just over $11, data from the Department of Labor shows. Today, it stands at just under $14 in California. Other states, including Washington, pay just over $15 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will continue to erode domestic farmers’ profitability while continuing to press upward domestic workers’ wages unsustainably,” said President and CEO of the National Council of Agricultural Employers, Michael Marsh. “You’ll see farmers expanding fruit and vegetable production in Canada and Mexico, where the wage rates are significantly lower than they have to pay in the U.S. About half the fresh fruit in the U.S. is produced in a foreign country, and about a third of the vegetables.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And others say the wage rate is not just unsustainable, but unfairly calculated in the first place, and badly in need of a fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe the AEWR is skewed, because that is based on regions of the United States,” said Sara Neagu-Reed, associate director of Federal Policy for the California Farm Bureau. “So you’re comparing a combine driver in Idaho to a blueberry picker in Salinas Valley. That’s why we think it’s flawed, and it’s better to go with the proposed rule, so you’re looking at calculations by job categories, and individuals who are all in the table grape or berry-picking category.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"farmworkers","label":"Related Content "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the “Salad Bowl of the World,” Monterey County Farm Bureau Executive Director Norm Groot argued that revamping the AEWR calculation model, resulting in a lower hourly wage for H-2A workers, would help farmers significantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have temporary workers who are being paid more and domestic workers who technically could be paid less, but they have to be paid the same anyway, and so it has this wage inflation proponent in it,” Groot said. “What we’re trying to do is get that to tied not only to the inflation index, but also to the economy. If the economy goes down, then the adverse wage rate also goes down. Currently, it doesn’t get adjusted down, so you have an economy that’s slumping and you’re still paying those high wages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the proposed H-2A guidelines also fail to take into account year-round agriculture, as takes place in the Salinas Valley, Groot added. He said that problem could be solved by simply increasing the number of green cards with an agriculture or horticultural preference, or adding an at-will provision so H-2A workers are tied to an area, and not one specific grower. That would help growers and farmworkers, Groot said, as growers don’t always have fields that need picking and H-2A workers only get paid for the days they work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If wages lower, it could put added pressure on an already struggling population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salinas tops the list of places in the U.S. with the highest concentration of farmworkers. According to the Department of Labor, 31,700 people worked as farmworkers in Salinas in 2018. In the Salinas and Pajaro valleys combined, just over 4,000 farmworkers were H-2A workers in 2017. The mean wage drawn by a farmworker in Salinas in 2018 was $28,940, statistics from the Department of Labor showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11780790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS8926_Drought_JoshC-4394-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Farm fields outside of Los Banos, California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11780790\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farm fields outside of Los Banos, California. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salinas is also one of the most expensive places in the U.S. to live, with rent prices sitting at about double the national average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of farmworkers are Latino, and a new report from Oakland’s Insight Center for Community Development found 52% of Latino households have trouble paying for basic expenses, such as housing, food or electricity. The number of Latino households struggling increased from 49% in 2014, the report showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is due, in part, to Latinos often making a lower wage. The median income for Latino households in 2016 was $56,200, far lower than the statewide average of $78,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworker advocates worry the Trump administration’s proposal to drop the wages paid to H-2A workers will adversely affect domestic farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the proposed regulation seeks to do is change the formula for how it’s calculated,” said Marichel Mejia, national field coordinator for the United Farm Workers Foundation. “One of the ways that they are adjusting this formula is basing wages based on a survey on farm labor contractors and the wages they pay. Farm labor contractors notoriously pay way less versus farmworkers who are direct hires from the company.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pay for domestic farmworkers is tied legally to H-2A pay; the hourly wage H-2A workers receive must be higher than the wages domestic workers receive. Some growers compensate domestic workers at the same rate as H-2A workers, or pay domestic workers a piece rate on top of a lower hourly wage that can help them earn higher wages overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Farmworkers are hardworking people who do some of the most difficult jobs in this country and they bring food to all of our tables. It’s hard, difficult work that’s dignified, so they should not have their wages going down.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"citation":"Marichel Mejia, national field coordinator for the United Farm Workers Foundation","label":"size=\"medium\","},"numeric":["size=\"medium\","]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Advocates such as the United Farm Workers Foundation worry that when noncitizen workers are paid less under the Trump administration proposal, all farmworkers will likely see their earnings decrease. Growers may hire farm labor contractors, as opposed to hiring workers, directly in order to reduce their paperwork, cut down on worker recruitment efforts, reduce legal liability, avoid unionization or labor management disputes and cut their own costs, a 2010 report out of the California Institute for Rural Studies shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the same report shows abuses have been reported against farm labor contractors since the earliest days of the system in 1928. Those abuses continue to this day as wage and labor violations as well as retaliatory actions, like firing workers for complaining about being sprayed with pesticides. The administration’s proposal also would require employers to pay less for transportation of the H-2A farmworkers from their native country to their place of work as well as decrease annual housing inspections of H-2A housing, carried out by federal inspectors, to once every two years. Employers would also have the option to self-certify that housing meets H-2A standards instead of undergoing a government inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This in particular rang alarm bells at the UFW, Mejia said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmworkers are hardworking people who do some of the most difficult jobs in this country and they bring food to all of our tables,” said Mejia. “It’s hard, difficult work that’s dignified, so they should not have their wages going down. There are farmworkers that have been working in this country for decades and their job security should not be threatened by being potentially displaced by H-2A guest workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The H-2A worker program is notorious to have a lot of abuse of these guest workers coming in because they don’t have a lot of labor rights. The idea of removing some of their housing safeguards, we are against that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decision on the proposal is expected within the next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kate Cimini is a multimedia journalist for The Californian. This article is part of the California Divide project, a collaboration among newsrooms examining income inequality and economic survival in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11780752/this-trump-rule-change-will-mean-lower-wages-for-farmworkers","authors":["byline_news_11780752"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_24114","news_1169","news_6188","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_4092","news_18269","news_19904","news_4889","news_17041"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11780792","label":"source_news_11780752"},"news_11778741":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11778741","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11778741","score":null,"sort":[1570569346000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"black-people-disproportionately-homeless-in-california","title":"Black People Disproportionately Homeless in California","publishDate":1570569346,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Just a few years ago, Yolanda Harraway was living in a tent on the streets of Chinatown in Salinas, an agricultural hub struggling with a growing homeless community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harraway’s slide into homelessness began when her son was taken from her custody by Child Protective Services. She struggled with addiction and had several felonies on her record, which cut her off from various state and government-funded housing options. She also had a hard time holding a job — once her background check came back, she would be let go, time and again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harraway, who is black, has since found permanent housing, earned her high school diploma and sobriety. Yet, experts say the problems she encountered are more prevalent among black people and can lead to or perpetuate homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Steve Berg, National Alliance to End Homelessness\"]'Higher poverty rates among black and Native American people are quite pronounced. And race discrimination by landlords or by the corrections system, those all combine to lead to these vary disparate rates of homelessness.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new homeless census carried out nationally shows that black people are greatly overrepresented in the homeless population across the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Monterey County, the percentage of black or African American people who are homeless is more than seven times higher than the county’s black population. It is nearly six times higher at the state level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While only 3.5% of people living in Monterey County identify as “black or African American,” 25% of the county’s homeless population identifies as such, according to the homeless census, also known as the Point-in-Time Count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And across the state, the U.S. Census shows about 6.5% of Californians identify as black or African American, but they account for nearly 40% of the state’s homeless, according to a Department of Housing and Urban Development report to Congress. Nationally, black people account for 13.4% of the population but are 39.8% of the homeless population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A September report from Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority (LAHSA) indicates institutional racism plays a large role in the extreme over-representation of homelessness of all people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Black people are more likely than white people to experience homelessness in the United States, including in Los Angeles County,” the report says. “... The impact of institutional and structural racism in education, criminal justice, housing, employment, health care and access to opportunities cannot be denied: Homelessness is a by-product of racism in America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-graphic-800x378.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"378\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11778748\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-graphic-800x378.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-graphic-160x76.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-graphic-1020x482.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-graphic.jpg 1164w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Monterey County, estimates from the homeless census show the black homeless rate more than doubled from 2017-2019, growing from 12% of the population to 25% in that time. The numbers surprised local officials, some suggesting the count might have been at fault, as it is an imperfect snapshot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is carried out in the dark, of a population that does not want to be seen,” said Elliott Robinson, interim executive director of the nonprofit Coalition of Homeless Service Providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, the count is often carried out as unobtrusively as possible, meaning census takers, most of whom are volunteers, may guess at the race or ethnicity of homeless people so as not to wake or frighten them, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in that same amount of time, Los Angeles County showed a large growth in its black homeless population as well, increasing 22%.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Prison Reform and Homelessness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Steve Berg, vice president of programs and policy for the National Alliance to End Homelessness, suggested that California’s prison reform efforts might be another factor in the increased percentage of black homeless people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of people have been released from prison in California since 2008 as the state pursued aggressive policies to relieve overcrowding and handle punishment and rehabilitation outside prison walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Homelessness\" tag=\"homelessness\"]According to an April report by the Pew Research Center, while the percentage of black people sentenced to prison has decreased in number in recent years, it is still disproportionately high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, white people accounted for 64% of adults in the U.S. but only for 30% of prisoners, and while Hispanics represented 16% of the adult population, they accounted for 23% of inmates. Accounting for only 12% of the adult population, black people are 33% of the sentenced prison population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coming out of corrections is a huge risk factor for homelessness,” Berg said. “That creates a sort of bounceback effect. People who come out of prison and become homeless are far more likely to go back to prison than people who come out of prison and don’t become homeless. The large racial disparities in the corrections system are both a cause and effect of disparities in homelessness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harraway was arrested at least a dozen times, most often related to drugs, and cycled in and out of the prison system, which she said was common among the homeless residents of Chinatown. She connected with Community Homeless Solutions and entered its Women in Transition program, after which she found permanent housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the state’s prison reform efforts, the rate of successful parole applications has jumped from a few out of every 100 to almost one in six. In 2017, a congressional committee found that “95 percent of the prison population today will be released at some point in the future.” The share of parole hearings that ended in a recommended release jumped from under 3% in 2007 to 19.1% in 2014, according to California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But felony records, stagnant wages and a rising housing crisis combined with policies that exclude or punish marginalized groups can ensnare vulnerable black people in homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even without felony records, black people face more difficulties finding employment and housing than other races or ethnicities, the National Fair Housing Alliance (NFHA) demonstrated in a recent report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NFHA found that even after the Fair Housing Act of 1968 legally outlawed denying people housing based on race after redlining and exclusionary zoning targeted people of color, black people still face housing discrimination. Another analysis of the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data evidenced that black people are charged higher fees and rates than white borrowers and are routinely denied mortgage loan applications at a much higher rate than white applicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a community where the barrier is at the front door,” Berg said. “The higher poverty rates among black and Native American people are quite pronounced. And race discrimination by landlords or by the corrections system, those all combine to lead to these vary disparate rates of homelessness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11778753\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-train-tracks-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"A man walks the railroad tracks along the edge of a homeless encampment where he stays on June 12, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"613\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11778753\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-train-tracks-800x613.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-train-tracks-160x123.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-train-tracks-1020x782.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-train-tracks-1200x920.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-train-tracks.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man walks the railroad tracks along the edge of a homeless encampment where he stays on June 12, 2019. \u003ccite>(Photo: Kate Cimini)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>'The R-Word:' Racism\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“When you get the r-word in your head, it’s bad for the whole community,” Harraway said. “It can start a riot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At shelters and programs in Chinatown, Harraway said she noticed rules were often more harshly applied to black people. While people with lighter skin might be allowed to cut in line for the bathroom in an emergency, for example, black people in the same situation might be told to wait their turn, Harraway said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s alienating,” Harraway said. “It hurts. Especially when you have the attitude (that) we’re all in this together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, she said, racial tensions violently divided the community in Chinatown where she stayed. People began to retreat behind racial lines, with black people facing off against Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harraway herself was later diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder from all the violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harraway’s cousin was killed; she arrived just in time to witness his last breaths. Between Aug. 22 and Sept. 17, six people were killed in Chinatown, some shot in broad daylight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When broken down by race and ethnicity, PTSD affects black people more than any other group, and black women at a greater rate than black men, according to a 2011 study published in the Journal of Psychological Medicine. A 2006 study in the Journal of Emotional Abuse also found that perceived racism contributed to emotional and psychological trauma in people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11777759,news_11777005,news_11774832,news_11764275 label='Related Coverage']When asked by LAHSA what would have kept survey participants from becoming homeless, the most common answer was “someone who cared about me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some homeless black residents in Monterey County say that is exacerbated by the lack of black people in decision-making positions in programs that serve the homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victoria Powers, a black woman in her 30s who has lived in Chinatown since she was 15, agrees. Latinos working in shelters gave special treatment to the Latinos living on the street, she said, but the same was not true for black people hired by the shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’d think they’d want to help their people, but they’re too afraid of getting fired,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just shows that racism still, in some form, exists,” added Shawn Payton, a black homeless resident in Chinatown and Harraway’s cousin. “The whites, the Mexicans (working in shelters and housing) are going to look out for their own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powers and others said they felt shut out of services, that they weren’t told certain programs existed until another black person clued them in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where’s the money going?” Powers asked. “We don’t see it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reyes Bonilla, executive director of Monterey County’s Community Homeless Solutions, which runs the transitional housing program Harraway went through, said he often encounters that perception by black people coming into transitional housing programs. However, he denied that race factored into the way clients are treated, calling it a misconception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berg noted that this sense of exclusion is not unusual among black homeless people, however, and added that there are ways to combat it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really a matter of working with the black community to make sure, to know that these resources exist and work with people to make sure they’re as friendly as possible,” Berg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with people experiencing the programs as well will go a long way to improving gaps in the program and helping streamline the process, continued Berg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson, at the Coalition of Homeless Services, noted that the coalition has seen a gap in the number of black people enrolled in their services versus the number of white people enrolled, evidenced in its 2018 report on racial disparities in homelessness. While black people outnumber white people 12-to-1 among the homeless population, they only enroll at a rate of 3-to-1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, once enrolled in the program, the percentage of positive outcomes for black and white clients are nearly uniform, with 8.59 black people graduating to permanent housing for every 10 white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you enter the system, your chance of a positive outcome is the same as anyone else,” Robinson said. “I think that’s an important point, though, that we should do a better job of outreach or building trust. We are falling short.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kate Cimini is a multimedia journalist for The Californian. This article is part of the California Divide project, a collaboration among newsrooms examining income inequality and economic survival in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In Monterey County, the percentage of black or African American people who are homeless is more than seven times higher than the county's black population. It is nearly six times higher at the state level.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1570572513,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":50,"wordCount":1934},"headData":{"title":"Black People Disproportionately Homeless in California | KQED","description":"In Monterey County, the percentage of black or African American people who are homeless is more than seven times higher than the county's black population. It is nearly six times higher at the state level.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Black People Disproportionately Homeless in California","datePublished":"2019-10-08T21:15:46.000Z","dateModified":"2019-10-08T22:08:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11778741 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11778741","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/10/08/black-people-disproportionately-homeless-in-california/","disqusTitle":"Black People Disproportionately Homeless in California","source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/kate-cimini/\">Kate Cimini\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>","path":"/news/11778741/black-people-disproportionately-homeless-in-california","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Just a few years ago, Yolanda Harraway was living in a tent on the streets of Chinatown in Salinas, an agricultural hub struggling with a growing homeless community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harraway’s slide into homelessness began when her son was taken from her custody by Child Protective Services. She struggled with addiction and had several felonies on her record, which cut her off from various state and government-funded housing options. She also had a hard time holding a job — once her background check came back, she would be let go, time and again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harraway, who is black, has since found permanent housing, earned her high school diploma and sobriety. Yet, experts say the problems she encountered are more prevalent among black people and can lead to or perpetuate homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Higher poverty rates among black and Native American people are quite pronounced. And race discrimination by landlords or by the corrections system, those all combine to lead to these vary disparate rates of homelessness.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Steve Berg, National Alliance to End Homelessness","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new homeless census carried out nationally shows that black people are greatly overrepresented in the homeless population across the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Monterey County, the percentage of black or African American people who are homeless is more than seven times higher than the county’s black population. It is nearly six times higher at the state level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While only 3.5% of people living in Monterey County identify as “black or African American,” 25% of the county’s homeless population identifies as such, according to the homeless census, also known as the Point-in-Time Count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And across the state, the U.S. Census shows about 6.5% of Californians identify as black or African American, but they account for nearly 40% of the state’s homeless, according to a Department of Housing and Urban Development report to Congress. Nationally, black people account for 13.4% of the population but are 39.8% of the homeless population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A September report from Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority (LAHSA) indicates institutional racism plays a large role in the extreme over-representation of homelessness of all people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Black people are more likely than white people to experience homelessness in the United States, including in Los Angeles County,” the report says. “... The impact of institutional and structural racism in education, criminal justice, housing, employment, health care and access to opportunities cannot be denied: Homelessness is a by-product of racism in America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-graphic-800x378.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"378\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11778748\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-graphic-800x378.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-graphic-160x76.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-graphic-1020x482.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-graphic.jpg 1164w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Monterey County, estimates from the homeless census show the black homeless rate more than doubled from 2017-2019, growing from 12% of the population to 25% in that time. The numbers surprised local officials, some suggesting the count might have been at fault, as it is an imperfect snapshot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is carried out in the dark, of a population that does not want to be seen,” said Elliott Robinson, interim executive director of the nonprofit Coalition of Homeless Service Providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, the count is often carried out as unobtrusively as possible, meaning census takers, most of whom are volunteers, may guess at the race or ethnicity of homeless people so as not to wake or frighten them, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in that same amount of time, Los Angeles County showed a large growth in its black homeless population as well, increasing 22%.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Prison Reform and Homelessness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Steve Berg, vice president of programs and policy for the National Alliance to End Homelessness, suggested that California’s prison reform efforts might be another factor in the increased percentage of black homeless people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of people have been released from prison in California since 2008 as the state pursued aggressive policies to relieve overcrowding and handle punishment and rehabilitation outside prison walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Homelessness ","tag":"homelessness"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>According to an April report by the Pew Research Center, while the percentage of black people sentenced to prison has decreased in number in recent years, it is still disproportionately high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, white people accounted for 64% of adults in the U.S. but only for 30% of prisoners, and while Hispanics represented 16% of the adult population, they accounted for 23% of inmates. Accounting for only 12% of the adult population, black people are 33% of the sentenced prison population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coming out of corrections is a huge risk factor for homelessness,” Berg said. “That creates a sort of bounceback effect. People who come out of prison and become homeless are far more likely to go back to prison than people who come out of prison and don’t become homeless. The large racial disparities in the corrections system are both a cause and effect of disparities in homelessness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harraway was arrested at least a dozen times, most often related to drugs, and cycled in and out of the prison system, which she said was common among the homeless residents of Chinatown. She connected with Community Homeless Solutions and entered its Women in Transition program, after which she found permanent housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the state’s prison reform efforts, the rate of successful parole applications has jumped from a few out of every 100 to almost one in six. In 2017, a congressional committee found that “95 percent of the prison population today will be released at some point in the future.” The share of parole hearings that ended in a recommended release jumped from under 3% in 2007 to 19.1% in 2014, according to California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But felony records, stagnant wages and a rising housing crisis combined with policies that exclude or punish marginalized groups can ensnare vulnerable black people in homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even without felony records, black people face more difficulties finding employment and housing than other races or ethnicities, the National Fair Housing Alliance (NFHA) demonstrated in a recent report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NFHA found that even after the Fair Housing Act of 1968 legally outlawed denying people housing based on race after redlining and exclusionary zoning targeted people of color, black people still face housing discrimination. Another analysis of the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data evidenced that black people are charged higher fees and rates than white borrowers and are routinely denied mortgage loan applications at a much higher rate than white applicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a community where the barrier is at the front door,” Berg said. “The higher poverty rates among black and Native American people are quite pronounced. And race discrimination by landlords or by the corrections system, those all combine to lead to these vary disparate rates of homelessness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11778753\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-train-tracks-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"A man walks the railroad tracks along the edge of a homeless encampment where he stays on June 12, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"613\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11778753\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-train-tracks-800x613.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-train-tracks-160x123.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-train-tracks-1020x782.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-train-tracks-1200x920.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/BLACK-HOMELESS-train-tracks.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man walks the railroad tracks along the edge of a homeless encampment where he stays on June 12, 2019. \u003ccite>(Photo: Kate Cimini)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>'The R-Word:' Racism\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“When you get the r-word in your head, it’s bad for the whole community,” Harraway said. “It can start a riot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At shelters and programs in Chinatown, Harraway said she noticed rules were often more harshly applied to black people. While people with lighter skin might be allowed to cut in line for the bathroom in an emergency, for example, black people in the same situation might be told to wait their turn, Harraway said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s alienating,” Harraway said. “It hurts. Especially when you have the attitude (that) we’re all in this together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, she said, racial tensions violently divided the community in Chinatown where she stayed. People began to retreat behind racial lines, with black people facing off against Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harraway herself was later diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder from all the violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harraway’s cousin was killed; she arrived just in time to witness his last breaths. Between Aug. 22 and Sept. 17, six people were killed in Chinatown, some shot in broad daylight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When broken down by race and ethnicity, PTSD affects black people more than any other group, and black women at a greater rate than black men, according to a 2011 study published in the Journal of Psychological Medicine. A 2006 study in the Journal of Emotional Abuse also found that perceived racism contributed to emotional and psychological trauma in people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11777759,news_11777005,news_11774832,news_11764275","label":"Related Coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>When asked by LAHSA what would have kept survey participants from becoming homeless, the most common answer was “someone who cared about me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some homeless black residents in Monterey County say that is exacerbated by the lack of black people in decision-making positions in programs that serve the homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victoria Powers, a black woman in her 30s who has lived in Chinatown since she was 15, agrees. Latinos working in shelters gave special treatment to the Latinos living on the street, she said, but the same was not true for black people hired by the shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’d think they’d want to help their people, but they’re too afraid of getting fired,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just shows that racism still, in some form, exists,” added Shawn Payton, a black homeless resident in Chinatown and Harraway’s cousin. “The whites, the Mexicans (working in shelters and housing) are going to look out for their own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powers and others said they felt shut out of services, that they weren’t told certain programs existed until another black person clued them in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where’s the money going?” Powers asked. “We don’t see it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reyes Bonilla, executive director of Monterey County’s Community Homeless Solutions, which runs the transitional housing program Harraway went through, said he often encounters that perception by black people coming into transitional housing programs. However, he denied that race factored into the way clients are treated, calling it a misconception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berg noted that this sense of exclusion is not unusual among black homeless people, however, and added that there are ways to combat it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really a matter of working with the black community to make sure, to know that these resources exist and work with people to make sure they’re as friendly as possible,” Berg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with people experiencing the programs as well will go a long way to improving gaps in the program and helping streamline the process, continued Berg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson, at the Coalition of Homeless Services, noted that the coalition has seen a gap in the number of black people enrolled in their services versus the number of white people enrolled, evidenced in its 2018 report on racial disparities in homelessness. While black people outnumber white people 12-to-1 among the homeless population, they only enroll at a rate of 3-to-1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, once enrolled in the program, the percentage of positive outcomes for black and white clients are nearly uniform, with 8.59 black people graduating to permanent housing for every 10 white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you enter the system, your chance of a positive outcome is the same as anyone else,” Robinson said. “I think that’s an important point, though, that we should do a better job of outreach or building trust. We are falling short.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kate Cimini is a multimedia journalist for The Californian. This article is part of the California Divide project, a collaboration among newsrooms examining income inequality and economic survival in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11778741/black-people-disproportionately-homeless-in-california","authors":["byline_news_11778741"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_1758","news_457","news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_6385","news_20305","news_4020","news_4084","news_4889"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11778747","label":"source_news_11778741"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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