Timeline: A Heated History of Affirmative Action in America
A Tribute to a California DJ Who Connected Lovers on the Air for 80 Years
The 2020 Census Had Big Undercounts of Black People, Latinos and Native Americans
'We Are Black. We Just Speak Spanish': Why Some Afro Latinos Want More Visibility During Black History Month
Historian Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor on the Racial Wealth Gap and the Crisis of American Capitalism
What Does It Mean to Be Mixed? A Conversation Between Generations
'What Are You?' Artist Kip Fulbeck Gives Mixed-Race People a Chance to Answer in Their Own Words
As High School Ethnic Studies Bill Advances, Some Bay Area Schools Are Ahead of the Curve
'The Wounds Go Back Really Far': Olympic Surfing Exposes Whitewashed Native Hawaiian Roots
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The historic 6-3 decision is the latest word in a fierce protracted fight over affirmative action in university admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through the following interactive timeline — or read the full text below it — to learn about some of the key moments in a longstanding debacle over race, education and opportunity in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%\" align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1YOV0OL6r92HAnAG-TnHIuxP95AATV-WYQJYP2URD2d4&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2\" width=\"1200\" height=\"700\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch2>1954: Brown v. Board of Education\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court discredits the concept of “separate but equal,” ruling that segregation in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause under the 14th Amendment. The decision is vehemently opposed by segregationists, and it takes years before many segregated schools in the South are forced to integrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1961: JFK references ‘affirmative action’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>President John F. Kennedy issues an executive order mandating that projects financed with federal funds “take affirmative action” to ensure there is no racial bias in hiring and employment practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1964: Civil Rights Act\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the most sweeping piece of civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. The new law prohibits discrimination in various settings, including hotels, schools and government services. It prevents employers, labor unions and employment agencies from excluding applicants and customers on the basis of race, sex, color, religion or national origin. A commission is established to enforce the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1965: Johnson defines affirmative action\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a graduation speech at Howard University — a historically Black college — President Johnson insists it is not enough to just have laws that prohibit discrimination, arguing that more proactive measures are necessary. “You do not take a man who for years has been hobbled by chains, liberate him, bring him to the starting line of a race, saying, ‘You are free to compete with all the others,’ and still justly believe you have been completely fair,” he said. Later that year, Johnson issues a new executive order requiring government contractors to “take affirmative action” to ensure racial equality in hiring and employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1978: Racial quotas at University of California struck down\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the U.S. Supreme Court strikes down a UC policy that reserved admission slots for minority applicants, ruling it a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. The court says UC can continue to consider race and ethnicity as a factor in the admissions decision as long as it doesn’t have specific quotas in place. The case originated when Allan Bakke, a 33-year-old white student who was twice rejected from UC Davis Medical School, filed suit, claiming it was unfair that minority applicants with lower academic standing were accepted over him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1982: Racial hiring quotas mandated for Alabama state police\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 1970, a federal court ordered the Alabama Department of Public Safety — which hadn’t hired a single Black patrol officer in its 37-year history — to end “pervasive, systematic and obstinate discriminatory exclusion of blacks.” By 1982, after the department had failed to promote any Black employees above entry-level positions, the court orders a racial quota system be put in place until at least a quarter of the department’s upper ranks are minorities. The U.S. Supreme Court, in 1987, upholds the quota system, ruling it necessary in light of the department’s overt history of discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>March 1996: University of Texas Law School’s affirmative action policy struck down\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Hopwood v. Texas, a federal court rules that the school’s policy of lower admission thresholds for minority applicants is unconstitutional. The court rejects the defense’s argument that a diverse student body is a “compelling” interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>November 1996: California voters approve affirmative action ban\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Voters approve Prop 209, which amends the state’s constitution and prohibits state institutions, including public universities, from considering race, sex or ethnicity in admissions and hiring decisions. A federal district judge initially blocks enforcement of the proposition, but an appeals court overturns that ruling and allows the measure to proceed. It has since survived numerous legal challenges. Meanwhile, Black and Hispanic enrollment in the UC system dropped significantly after the ban took effect in 1998. Since then, eight other states have passed similar affirmative action bans, including Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Michigan, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Oklahoma and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2003: Split rulings on University of Michigan’s admissions policies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court rejects the university’s undergraduate admissions policy of awarding points to minority applicants, arguing that it’s too similar to a quota system. But in a separate ruling, the court upholds the law school’s policy of considering an applicant’s race in admissions decisions, which it deems a “compelling interest.” However, three years later, Michigan voters approve a statewide affirmative action ban that effectively invalidates the law school’s policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2014: Court upholds Michigan’s voter-approved affirmative action ban\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a major blow to affirmative action policies nationwide, the U.S. Supreme Court upholds a 2006 Michigan voter-approved ban on race-conscious admissions policies in public universities. The court argues that state voters should have the authority to determine this issue on their own, without the court intervening. While the decision doesn’t outlaw affirmative action policies in schools outside of Michigan, it gives other states the green light do so. In her impassioned dissent, Justice Sonia Sotomayor argues that the decision unconstitutionally infringes on the rights of minorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2016: High court narrowly upholds UT Austin’s race-conscious admissions policies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After her rejection from the University of Texas at Austin in 2008, Abigail Fisher, a white honor student, claimed she was unfairly denied admission because of her race. A federal court upheld the school’s race-conscious admissions policy. But in 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court sent the case back to the lower court for further review. In 2016, the high court again takes up the challenge to the university’s affirmative action policy, this time narrowly upholding it in a 4-3 decision, with now-retired Justice Anthony Kennedy casting the deciding vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>June 29, 2023: US Supreme Court rejects affirmative action in college admissions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a historic 6-3 decision, the court’s conservative majority struck down affirmative action admissions policies at Harvard and the University of North Carolina, effectively barring all public and private colleges from considering race in admissions decisions. Writing for the majority, Chief Justice John Roberts said considering an applicant’s race “cannot be reconciled with the guarantees of the Equal Protection Clause,” although he noted that the decision doesn’t prevent universities from “considering an applicant’s discussion of how race affected his or her life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a scathing dissent read from the bench, Justice Sonia Sotomayor accused the majority of “further entrenching racial inequality in education, the very foundation of our democratic government and pluralistic society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An interactive timeline detailing some of the key moments in a longstanding fight over race, education and opportunity in America.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1688159087,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":1217},"headData":{"title":"Timeline: A Heated History of Affirmative Action in America | KQED","description":"An interactive timeline detailing some of the key moments in a longstanding fight over race, education and opportunity in America.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11954709/timeline-a-heated-history-of-affirmative-action-in-america","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court’s conservative majority on Thursday \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/06/29/1181138066/affirmative-action-supreme-court-decision\">rejected race-conscious admission policies\u003c/a> at Harvard and the University of North Carolina, ruling them a violation of the Constitution’s guarantee of equal protection. The historic 6-3 decision is the latest word in a fierce protracted fight over affirmative action in university admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through the following interactive timeline — or read the full text below it — to learn about some of the key moments in a longstanding debacle over race, education and opportunity in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%\" align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1YOV0OL6r92HAnAG-TnHIuxP95AATV-WYQJYP2URD2d4&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2\" width=\"1200\" height=\"700\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch2>1954: Brown v. Board of Education\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court discredits the concept of “separate but equal,” ruling that segregation in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause under the 14th Amendment. The decision is vehemently opposed by segregationists, and it takes years before many segregated schools in the South are forced to integrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1961: JFK references ‘affirmative action’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>President John F. Kennedy issues an executive order mandating that projects financed with federal funds “take affirmative action” to ensure there is no racial bias in hiring and employment practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1964: Civil Rights Act\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the most sweeping piece of civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. The new law prohibits discrimination in various settings, including hotels, schools and government services. It prevents employers, labor unions and employment agencies from excluding applicants and customers on the basis of race, sex, color, religion or national origin. A commission is established to enforce the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1965: Johnson defines affirmative action\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a graduation speech at Howard University — a historically Black college — President Johnson insists it is not enough to just have laws that prohibit discrimination, arguing that more proactive measures are necessary. “You do not take a man who for years has been hobbled by chains, liberate him, bring him to the starting line of a race, saying, ‘You are free to compete with all the others,’ and still justly believe you have been completely fair,” he said. Later that year, Johnson issues a new executive order requiring government contractors to “take affirmative action” to ensure racial equality in hiring and employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1978: Racial quotas at University of California struck down\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the U.S. Supreme Court strikes down a UC policy that reserved admission slots for minority applicants, ruling it a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. The court says UC can continue to consider race and ethnicity as a factor in the admissions decision as long as it doesn’t have specific quotas in place. The case originated when Allan Bakke, a 33-year-old white student who was twice rejected from UC Davis Medical School, filed suit, claiming it was unfair that minority applicants with lower academic standing were accepted over him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1982: Racial hiring quotas mandated for Alabama state police\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 1970, a federal court ordered the Alabama Department of Public Safety — which hadn’t hired a single Black patrol officer in its 37-year history — to end “pervasive, systematic and obstinate discriminatory exclusion of blacks.” By 1982, after the department had failed to promote any Black employees above entry-level positions, the court orders a racial quota system be put in place until at least a quarter of the department’s upper ranks are minorities. The U.S. Supreme Court, in 1987, upholds the quota system, ruling it necessary in light of the department’s overt history of discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>March 1996: University of Texas Law School’s affirmative action policy struck down\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Hopwood v. Texas, a federal court rules that the school’s policy of lower admission thresholds for minority applicants is unconstitutional. The court rejects the defense’s argument that a diverse student body is a “compelling” interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>November 1996: California voters approve affirmative action ban\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Voters approve Prop 209, which amends the state’s constitution and prohibits state institutions, including public universities, from considering race, sex or ethnicity in admissions and hiring decisions. A federal district judge initially blocks enforcement of the proposition, but an appeals court overturns that ruling and allows the measure to proceed. It has since survived numerous legal challenges. Meanwhile, Black and Hispanic enrollment in the UC system dropped significantly after the ban took effect in 1998. Since then, eight other states have passed similar affirmative action bans, including Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Michigan, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Oklahoma and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2003: Split rulings on University of Michigan’s admissions policies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court rejects the university’s undergraduate admissions policy of awarding points to minority applicants, arguing that it’s too similar to a quota system. But in a separate ruling, the court upholds the law school’s policy of considering an applicant’s race in admissions decisions, which it deems a “compelling interest.” However, three years later, Michigan voters approve a statewide affirmative action ban that effectively invalidates the law school’s policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2014: Court upholds Michigan’s voter-approved affirmative action ban\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a major blow to affirmative action policies nationwide, the U.S. Supreme Court upholds a 2006 Michigan voter-approved ban on race-conscious admissions policies in public universities. The court argues that state voters should have the authority to determine this issue on their own, without the court intervening. While the decision doesn’t outlaw affirmative action policies in schools outside of Michigan, it gives other states the green light do so. In her impassioned dissent, Justice Sonia Sotomayor argues that the decision unconstitutionally infringes on the rights of minorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2016: High court narrowly upholds UT Austin’s race-conscious admissions policies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After her rejection from the University of Texas at Austin in 2008, Abigail Fisher, a white honor student, claimed she was unfairly denied admission because of her race. A federal court upheld the school’s race-conscious admissions policy. But in 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court sent the case back to the lower court for further review. In 2016, the high court again takes up the challenge to the university’s affirmative action policy, this time narrowly upholding it in a 4-3 decision, with now-retired Justice Anthony Kennedy casting the deciding vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>June 29, 2023: US Supreme Court rejects affirmative action in college admissions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a historic 6-3 decision, the court’s conservative majority struck down affirmative action admissions policies at Harvard and the University of North Carolina, effectively barring all public and private colleges from considering race in admissions decisions. Writing for the majority, Chief Justice John Roberts said considering an applicant’s race “cannot be reconciled with the guarantees of the Equal Protection Clause,” although he noted that the decision doesn’t prevent universities from “considering an applicant’s discussion of how race affected his or her life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a scathing dissent read from the bench, Justice Sonia Sotomayor accused the majority of “further entrenching racial inequality in education, the very foundation of our democratic government and pluralistic society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11954709/timeline-a-heated-history-of-affirmative-action-in-america","authors":["1263"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_1895","news_4750","news_22809","news_20219","news_1172"],"featImg":"news_11954608","label":"news"},"news_11723524":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11723524","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11723524","score":null,"sort":[1666386057000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"at-93-this-california-dj-is-still-connecting-loved-ones-on-the-air","title":"A Tribute to a California DJ Who Connected Lovers on the Air for 80 Years","publishDate":1666386057,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Art Laboe, widely credited as the first DJ to play rock and roll on the West Coast, died earlier this month in Palm Springs at the age of 97, after a broadcasting career spanning some 80 years. He coined the term \"oldies but goodies,\" and his beloved radio show drew a racially diverse audience from across California and beyond. California Report Magazine host Sasha Khokha got a chance to interview him for a 2019 story. This week, we're reprising that piece as a tribute to Laboe. Listen to the story in the audio link above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story, Feb. 8, 2019:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>[dropcap]I[/dropcap] never knew who Art Laboe was, or what he meant to so many Californians, until I moved to Fresno, and started dating someone who grew up on Laboe's music. We would drive on country roads lined with orange groves and tune into Laboe's Sunday radio show, where people from all over the state would send in lovey-dovey dedications to each other. And then there was Laboe's signature on-air smooch into the microphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My now-husband Karl was a low-rider growing up, cruising in his Nissan mini-truck with tinted windows, custom-painted graphics on the side and a booming stereo. He would blast Laboe's show, which played songs by artists like Rick James, Teena Marie, Tierra and the Temptations — from the 12-inch woofers, while waxing his car and cleaning the custom spoke wheels with a toothbrush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time I met Karl, he had moved away from the low-rider lifestyle, but not Art Laboe, or the love songs. He's one of generations of Californians — especially Chicanos and Latinx folks — who've grown up on Laboe's music, first listening as their grandparents did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723560\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723560\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35135_1947-circa-Art-Laboe-in-KCMJ-Palm-Springs-studio-qut-800x958.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"958\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35135_1947-circa-Art-Laboe-in-KCMJ-Palm-Springs-studio-qut-800x958.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35135_1947-circa-Art-Laboe-in-KCMJ-Palm-Springs-studio-qut-160x192.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35135_1947-circa-Art-Laboe-in-KCMJ-Palm-Springs-studio-qut-1020x1221.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35135_1947-circa-Art-Laboe-in-KCMJ-Palm-Springs-studio-qut-1002x1200.jpg 1002w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35135_1947-circa-Art-Laboe-in-KCMJ-Palm-Springs-studio-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Art Laboe developed a radio persona that was daring and rebellious for its time. Here he broadcasts from the Palm Springs studios of KCMJ in 1946 while getting a haircut. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Art Laboe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After all, Laboe has been spinning oldies and love songs since 1943. He coined the term “oldies but goodies” and was one of the first DJs on the West Coast to play rock 'n' roll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He still takes to the airwaves from a Palm Springs studio six nights a week from 7 p.m. to midnight, hosting \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ArtLaboeConnection/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Art Laboe Connection\u003c/a> — a show broadcast on more than a dozen stations across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch a tribute to Art Laboe produced by videographer Bryan Mendez:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jx6zqCY8GMU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laboe spends hours every day playing songs that are about the heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Love is a powerful medicine, whether you’re falling in love, or out of love,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Connecting loved ones, in and out of prison\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>These days, many of those calling in with regular dedications have loved ones in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's just an amazing DJ. I would listen to him until my last breath,\" says longtime listener Rosie Morales, of Sylmar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723897\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 351px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-11723897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35166_DSCF7495-1-qut-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"351\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35166_DSCF7495-1-qut-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35166_DSCF7495-1-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35166_DSCF7495-1-qut-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35166_DSCF7495-1-qut-1200x797.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35166_DSCF7495-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 351px) 100vw, 351px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Art Laboe receives thousands of letters from incarcerated people each year. Some envelopes contain a week's work of dedications for their loved ones. \u003ccite>(Bryan Mendez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She calls in every single day with a dedication to her husband Scrappy, who's serving a life sentence in Kern Valley State Prison in Delano. She can't call her husband directly right now, because he's in solitary confinement. But she can hear Laboe smooch kisses sent by her husband into his microphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's able to communicate to our loved ones when we can't,\" Morales says. \"He brings that spark into relationships.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re there, man and wife, every night, man and wife, doing it to each other, dedications,\" Laboe laughs. \"Conjugal, but not conjugal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some incarcerated people send in a week's worth of dedications to their spouses or lovers, with a different love song for each day of the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723729\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723729\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35147_2018_1211_185557001-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35147_2018_1211_185557001-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35147_2018_1211_185557001-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35147_2018_1211_185557001-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35147_2018_1211_185557001-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35147_2018_1211_185557001-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Art Laboe has been spinning love songs for 75 years. \u003ccite>(Bryan Mendez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Art’s so concerned about the prisoners, because for every person that's inside there can be 10 or 20 family members on the outside affected by that person being in jail,\" says his longtime audio engineer, Joanna Morones, who answers phones to take dedications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He really caters to that family dynamic, you know, and connecting them. We're told every night, ‘I can't go visit him. I won't be able to go see him for two weeks, but I can talk to him on the radio.’ The guys in prison sit there and wait to hear their wives’ voice on the radio,\" Morones says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Getting his start — thanks to the WWII draft\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Laboe's obsession with radio started when he was eight years old, when his sister sent his parents what he called \"this box that talked.\" He set up a ham radio station in his bedroom at age 14, broadcasting to his neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he was 18, he walked into radio station KSAN in San Francisco and asked for a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had no real experience, and he hadn’t yet honed his rich baritone. But he did have one thing: a radio operator’s license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The station had lost its engineers to the draft — this was World War II. The manager offered him a job on the spot. As long as he changed his last name, which the manager thought sounded \"too ethnic\" for the airwaves in 1943.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Art Egnoian — the son of Armenian immigrants — took the name of the station’s receptionist and became Art Laboe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723557\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11723557\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35134_1945-KPMO-Art-Laboe-w-Eddie-Rodriquez-s-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"936\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35134_1945-KPMO-Art-Laboe-w-Eddie-Rodriquez-s-qut.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35134_1945-KPMO-Art-Laboe-w-Eddie-Rodriquez-s-qut-160x195.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laboe claims to have invented the on-air dedication, where listeners write or call in to send music and love notes to each other on the air. Here he reads dedications with Eddie Rodriguez in 1945, at radio station KPMO in Pomona. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Art Laboe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But his music, and his fan base, have never been whitewashed. Laboe has built a huge fan base, starting with the teenagers who attended his live concerts or dances back in the 1950s. He made a name for himself hosting rock 'n' roll concerts in the Los Angeles suburb of El Monte, pioneering racially integrated, all-ages dance parties with live bands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can do some nice talking in Armenian. But I can do almost that good in Spanish, too,\" Laboe smiles. \"I’m happy that [our concerts and shows appeal to] everybody. If you come to one of our concerts, you’ll see a mixture, a complete mixture of what we have in California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723561\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723561\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35138_1958-Art-Laboe-KPOP-broadcast-event-s-qut-800x570.jpg\" alt=\"Laboe pioneered live broadcast events, talking to listeners from drive-ins and concert halls, and sometimes even pulling stunts like trying to get a lion to roar into his microphone.\" width=\"800\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35138_1958-Art-Laboe-KPOP-broadcast-event-s-qut-800x570.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35138_1958-Art-Laboe-KPOP-broadcast-event-s-qut-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35138_1958-Art-Laboe-KPOP-broadcast-event-s-qut-1020x726.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35138_1958-Art-Laboe-KPOP-broadcast-event-s-qut.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laboe pioneered live broadcast events, talking to listeners from drive-ins and concert halls, and sometimes even pulling stunts like trying to get a lion to roar into his microphone. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Art Laboe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At 94, Laboe is still hosting live shows across California and the west, wearing his signature bedazzled track suit and a sparkly bowler hat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laboe says he knows people his age always say this kind of thing, but he is nostalgic for the old days — a time when people used to have a little more kindness for each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be good if we had a little bit more of what we used to have in the world,\" Laboe says. \"Nevertheless, people are people and they still have the same basic wants and needs. Everyone is capable of love and affection, if they could just have a little bit more of it for each other.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Widely credited as the first DJ to play rock and roll on the West Coast, Art Laboe died earlier this month in Palm Springs at the age of 97, after a broadcasting career spanning some 80 years.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1666394636,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1271},"headData":{"title":"A Tribute to a California DJ Who Connected Lovers on the Air for 80 Years | KQED","description":"Widely credited as the first DJ to play rock and roll on the West Coast, Art Laboe died earlier this month in Palm Springs at the age of 97, after a broadcasting career spanning some 80 years.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11723524 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11723524","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/10/21/at-93-this-california-dj-is-still-connecting-loved-ones-on-the-air/","disqusTitle":"A Tribute to a California DJ Who Connected Lovers on the Air for 80 Years","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/0716a279-1155-4286-bc81-ab620003dba0/audio.mp3","audioTrackLength":690,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11723524/at-93-this-california-dj-is-still-connecting-loved-ones-on-the-air","audioDuration":705000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Art Laboe, widely credited as the first DJ to play rock and roll on the West Coast, died earlier this month in Palm Springs at the age of 97, after a broadcasting career spanning some 80 years. He coined the term \"oldies but goodies,\" and his beloved radio show drew a racially diverse audience from across California and beyond. California Report Magazine host Sasha Khokha got a chance to interview him for a 2019 story. This week, we're reprising that piece as a tribute to Laboe. Listen to the story in the audio link above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story, Feb. 8, 2019:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> never knew who Art Laboe was, or what he meant to so many Californians, until I moved to Fresno, and started dating someone who grew up on Laboe's music. We would drive on country roads lined with orange groves and tune into Laboe's Sunday radio show, where people from all over the state would send in lovey-dovey dedications to each other. And then there was Laboe's signature on-air smooch into the microphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My now-husband Karl was a low-rider growing up, cruising in his Nissan mini-truck with tinted windows, custom-painted graphics on the side and a booming stereo. He would blast Laboe's show, which played songs by artists like Rick James, Teena Marie, Tierra and the Temptations — from the 12-inch woofers, while waxing his car and cleaning the custom spoke wheels with a toothbrush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time I met Karl, he had moved away from the low-rider lifestyle, but not Art Laboe, or the love songs. He's one of generations of Californians — especially Chicanos and Latinx folks — who've grown up on Laboe's music, first listening as their grandparents did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723560\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723560\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35135_1947-circa-Art-Laboe-in-KCMJ-Palm-Springs-studio-qut-800x958.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"958\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35135_1947-circa-Art-Laboe-in-KCMJ-Palm-Springs-studio-qut-800x958.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35135_1947-circa-Art-Laboe-in-KCMJ-Palm-Springs-studio-qut-160x192.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35135_1947-circa-Art-Laboe-in-KCMJ-Palm-Springs-studio-qut-1020x1221.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35135_1947-circa-Art-Laboe-in-KCMJ-Palm-Springs-studio-qut-1002x1200.jpg 1002w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35135_1947-circa-Art-Laboe-in-KCMJ-Palm-Springs-studio-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Art Laboe developed a radio persona that was daring and rebellious for its time. Here he broadcasts from the Palm Springs studios of KCMJ in 1946 while getting a haircut. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Art Laboe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After all, Laboe has been spinning oldies and love songs since 1943. He coined the term “oldies but goodies” and was one of the first DJs on the West Coast to play rock 'n' roll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He still takes to the airwaves from a Palm Springs studio six nights a week from 7 p.m. to midnight, hosting \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ArtLaboeConnection/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Art Laboe Connection\u003c/a> — a show broadcast on more than a dozen stations across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch a tribute to Art Laboe produced by videographer Bryan Mendez:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/jx6zqCY8GMU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/jx6zqCY8GMU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Laboe spends hours every day playing songs that are about the heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Love is a powerful medicine, whether you’re falling in love, or out of love,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Connecting loved ones, in and out of prison\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>These days, many of those calling in with regular dedications have loved ones in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's just an amazing DJ. I would listen to him until my last breath,\" says longtime listener Rosie Morales, of Sylmar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723897\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 351px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-11723897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35166_DSCF7495-1-qut-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"351\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35166_DSCF7495-1-qut-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35166_DSCF7495-1-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35166_DSCF7495-1-qut-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35166_DSCF7495-1-qut-1200x797.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35166_DSCF7495-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 351px) 100vw, 351px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Art Laboe receives thousands of letters from incarcerated people each year. Some envelopes contain a week's work of dedications for their loved ones. \u003ccite>(Bryan Mendez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She calls in every single day with a dedication to her husband Scrappy, who's serving a life sentence in Kern Valley State Prison in Delano. She can't call her husband directly right now, because he's in solitary confinement. But she can hear Laboe smooch kisses sent by her husband into his microphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's able to communicate to our loved ones when we can't,\" Morales says. \"He brings that spark into relationships.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re there, man and wife, every night, man and wife, doing it to each other, dedications,\" Laboe laughs. \"Conjugal, but not conjugal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some incarcerated people send in a week's worth of dedications to their spouses or lovers, with a different love song for each day of the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723729\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723729\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35147_2018_1211_185557001-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35147_2018_1211_185557001-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35147_2018_1211_185557001-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35147_2018_1211_185557001-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35147_2018_1211_185557001-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35147_2018_1211_185557001-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Art Laboe has been spinning love songs for 75 years. \u003ccite>(Bryan Mendez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Art’s so concerned about the prisoners, because for every person that's inside there can be 10 or 20 family members on the outside affected by that person being in jail,\" says his longtime audio engineer, Joanna Morones, who answers phones to take dedications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He really caters to that family dynamic, you know, and connecting them. We're told every night, ‘I can't go visit him. I won't be able to go see him for two weeks, but I can talk to him on the radio.’ The guys in prison sit there and wait to hear their wives’ voice on the radio,\" Morones says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Getting his start — thanks to the WWII draft\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Laboe's obsession with radio started when he was eight years old, when his sister sent his parents what he called \"this box that talked.\" He set up a ham radio station in his bedroom at age 14, broadcasting to his neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he was 18, he walked into radio station KSAN in San Francisco and asked for a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had no real experience, and he hadn’t yet honed his rich baritone. But he did have one thing: a radio operator’s license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The station had lost its engineers to the draft — this was World War II. The manager offered him a job on the spot. As long as he changed his last name, which the manager thought sounded \"too ethnic\" for the airwaves in 1943.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Art Egnoian — the son of Armenian immigrants — took the name of the station’s receptionist and became Art Laboe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723557\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11723557\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35134_1945-KPMO-Art-Laboe-w-Eddie-Rodriquez-s-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"936\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35134_1945-KPMO-Art-Laboe-w-Eddie-Rodriquez-s-qut.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35134_1945-KPMO-Art-Laboe-w-Eddie-Rodriquez-s-qut-160x195.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laboe claims to have invented the on-air dedication, where listeners write or call in to send music and love notes to each other on the air. Here he reads dedications with Eddie Rodriguez in 1945, at radio station KPMO in Pomona. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Art Laboe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But his music, and his fan base, have never been whitewashed. Laboe has built a huge fan base, starting with the teenagers who attended his live concerts or dances back in the 1950s. He made a name for himself hosting rock 'n' roll concerts in the Los Angeles suburb of El Monte, pioneering racially integrated, all-ages dance parties with live bands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can do some nice talking in Armenian. But I can do almost that good in Spanish, too,\" Laboe smiles. \"I’m happy that [our concerts and shows appeal to] everybody. If you come to one of our concerts, you’ll see a mixture, a complete mixture of what we have in California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723561\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723561\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35138_1958-Art-Laboe-KPOP-broadcast-event-s-qut-800x570.jpg\" alt=\"Laboe pioneered live broadcast events, talking to listeners from drive-ins and concert halls, and sometimes even pulling stunts like trying to get a lion to roar into his microphone.\" width=\"800\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35138_1958-Art-Laboe-KPOP-broadcast-event-s-qut-800x570.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35138_1958-Art-Laboe-KPOP-broadcast-event-s-qut-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35138_1958-Art-Laboe-KPOP-broadcast-event-s-qut-1020x726.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35138_1958-Art-Laboe-KPOP-broadcast-event-s-qut.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laboe pioneered live broadcast events, talking to listeners from drive-ins and concert halls, and sometimes even pulling stunts like trying to get a lion to roar into his microphone. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Art Laboe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At 94, Laboe is still hosting live shows across California and the west, wearing his signature bedazzled track suit and a sparkly bowler hat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laboe says he knows people his age always say this kind of thing, but he is nostalgic for the old days — a time when people used to have a little more kindness for each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be good if we had a little bit more of what we used to have in the world,\" Laboe says. \"Nevertheless, people are people and they still have the same basic wants and needs. Everyone is capable of love and affection, if they could just have a little bit more of it for each other.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11723524/at-93-this-california-dj-is-still-connecting-loved-ones-on-the-air","authors":["254"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_4","news_20856","news_1425","news_20086","news_20219","news_21795"],"featImg":"news_11724854","label":"news_72"},"news_11907796":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11907796","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11907796","score":null,"sort":[1646962126000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-2020-census-significantly-undercounted-black-people-latinos-and-native-americans","title":"The 2020 Census Had Big Undercounts of Black People, Latinos and Native Americans","publishDate":1646962126,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The 2020 census continued a longstanding trend of undercounting Black people, Latinos and Native Americans, while overcounting people who identified as white and not Latino, according to estimates from a report the U.S. Census Bureau released Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos — with a net undercount rate of 4.99% — were left out of the 2020 census at more than three times the rate of a decade earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among Native Americans living on reservations (5.64%) and Black people (3.30%), the net undercount rates were numerically higher but not statistically different from the 2010 rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who identified as white and not Latino were overcounted at a net rate of 1.64%, almost double the rate in 2010. Asian Americans were also overcounted (2.62%). The bureau said based on its estimates, it's unclear how well the 2020 tally counted Pacific Islanders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21408906/annotations/2087970\" style=\"border: none; width: 100%;\" width=\"668\" height=\"354\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-awaited findings came from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/08/1043506293/2020-census-results-accuracy-undercount-populations-post-enumeration-survey\">a follow-up survey the bureau conducted\u003c/a> to measure the accuracy of the latest head count of people living in the U.S., which is used to redistribute political representation and federal funding across the country for the next 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other estimates the bureau released on Thursday revealed that the most recent census followed another long-running trend of \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2022/03/despite-efforts-census-undercount-of-young-children-persists.html\">undercounting young children under age 5\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">COVID and Trump administration meddling hurt the count's accuracy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While the bureau's stated goal is to \"count everyone once, only once, and in the right place,\" miscounts have come with every census. Some people are counted more than once at different addresses, driving overcounts, while U.S. residents missing from the census fuel undercounting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disruptions from the coronavirus pandemic and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/15/1073338121/2020-census-interference-trump\">interference by former President Donald Trump's administration\u003c/a> raised alarms about the increased risk of the once-a-decade tally missing swaths of the country's population. COVID-19 also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/08/1043506293/2020-census-results-accuracy-undercount-populations-post-enumeration-survey\">caused multiple delays to the bureau's Post-Enumeration Survey\u003c/a> that's used to determine how accurate the census results are and inform planning for the next national count in 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the news conference announcing the follow-up survey results, Census Bureau Director Robert Santos — who, before becoming the agency's head, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-15/top-statistician-u-s-census-is-being-sabotaged\">told Bloomberg CityLab\u003c/a> that he believed the census was \"being sabotaged\" during the Trump administration to produce results that benefit Republicans — acknowledged \"an unprecedented set of challenges\" facing the bureau over the last couple of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Coverage\" tag=\"2020-census\"]\"Many of you, including myself, voiced concerns. How could anyone not be concerned? These findings will put some of those concerns to rest and leave others for further exploration,\" Santos, a Biden administration appointee, said during the news conference announcing the follow-up survey results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bureau said previously that it believes the census results are \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/newsroom/blogs/director/2021/07/redistricting-data.html\">fit to use\u003c/a>\" for reallocating each state's share of congressional seats and Electoral College votes, as well as redrawing voting districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Census numbers are also used to guide the distribution of \u003ca href=\"https://gwipp.gwu.edu/sites/g/files/zaxdzs2181/f/downloads/Counting%20for%20Dollars%202020%20Brief%207A%20-%20Comprehensive%20Accounting.pdf\">an estimated $1.5 trillion each year in federal money\u003c/a> to communities for health care, education, transportation and other public services. Some tribal, state and local officials are considering \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/01/1069610946/2020-census-correction-challenge-results-count-question-resolution\">ways of challenging the results\u003c/a> for potential corrections that would be factored into future funding decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report the bureau released on Thursday only provided a national-level look at the count's accuracy, and the agency says it's planning to release state-level metrics this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a lot more states for us to check and review and look through,\" said Timothy Kennel, assistant division chief for statistical methods, during \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/2FErNGFgrRk?t=2246\">a webinar before Thursday's release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Civil rights groups are looking for remedies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Still, these national-level metrics resurfaced concerns among civil rights organizations and other census watchers who have warned for years about the risk of racial gaps in the census numbers leading to inequitable allocations of political power and federal money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the bureau reporting that American Indians and Alaska Natives living on reservations continued to have the highest net undercount rate among racial and ethnic groups, Fawn Sharp, president of the National Congress of American Indians, said the results \"confirm our worst fears.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every undercounted household and individual in our communities means lost funding and resources that are desperately needed to address the significant disparities we face,\" added Sharp, who is also the vice president of the Quinault Indian Nation in Taholah, Wash., in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marc Morial, the president and CEO of the National Urban League, which led a federal lawsuit in 2020 to try to stop Trump officials from cutting counting efforts short, said the group's lawyers are considering returning to court to try to secure a remedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've talked about voter suppression. Now we see population suppression,\" Morial said on a call with reporters. \"And when you tie them together, it is the poisonous tree of seeking to diminish the distribution of power in this nation on a fair and equitable basis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other longtime census watchers see this moment as a chance to reimagine what the next count in 2030 could look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arturo Vargas, CEO of the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials Educational Fund, said the next census should be taken in a \"much more modern and effective way\" to address the persistent undercounting of Latinos and other people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This whole notion of coming up with a master address file and mailing everybody an invitation to participate and hoping that they respond, and if they don't, you go knock on their doors, that's an obsolete way now of counting the U.S. population. We need a better way. I don't have the answer to what that better way is, but I want to work with the Census Bureau to figure it out,\" Vargas added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to looking ahead to the next decade, Vargas noted a more immediate concern: how to improve the annual population estimates that the bureau produces using 2020 census data and that states and local communities rely on to get their shares of federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked by NPR if there are any plans to factor the new over and undercounting rates into those estimates, Karen Battle, chief of the bureau's population division, replied the agency is \"taking steps in that direction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But we have to do research so that we can understand whether or not we can do that,\" Battle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit NPR.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+2020+census+had+big+undercounts+of+Black+people%2C+Latinos+and+Native+Americans&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Census Bureau said that while its overall 2020 count appears to have been largely accurate, it dramatically undercounted those groups while significantly overcounting white and Asian American residents.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1647027160,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21408906/annotations/2087970"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1095},"headData":{"title":"The 2020 Census Had Big Undercounts of Black People, Latinos and Native Americans | KQED","description":"The Census Bureau said that while its overall 2020 count appears to have been largely accurate, it dramatically undercounted those groups while significantly overcounting white and Asian American residents.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11907796 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11907796","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/03/10/the-2020-census-significantly-undercounted-black-people-latinos-and-native-americans/","disqusTitle":"The 2020 Census Had Big Undercounts of Black People, Latinos and Native Americans","source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org","nprImageCredit":"Brendan McDermid","nprByline":"Hansi Lo Wang","nprImageAgency":"Reuters","nprStoryId":"1083732104","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1083732104&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2022/03/10/1083732104/2020-census-accuracy-undercount-overcount-data-quality?ft=nprml&f=1083732104","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 10 Mar 2022 18:41:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 10 Mar 2022 10:17:22 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 10 Mar 2022 14:59:56 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2022/03/20220310_atc_the_2020_census_had_big_undercounts_of_black_people_latinos_and_native_americans.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=213&p=2&story=1083732104&ft=nprml&f=1083732104","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11085838513-c00826.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=213&p=2&story=1083732104&ft=nprml&f=1083732104","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11907796/the-2020-census-significantly-undercounted-black-people-latinos-and-native-americans","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2022/03/20220310_atc_the_2020_census_had_big_undercounts_of_black_people_latinos_and_native_americans.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=213&p=2&story=1083732104&ft=nprml&f=1083732104","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The 2020 census continued a longstanding trend of undercounting Black people, Latinos and Native Americans, while overcounting people who identified as white and not Latino, according to estimates from a report the U.S. Census Bureau released Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos — with a net undercount rate of 4.99% — were left out of the 2020 census at more than three times the rate of a decade earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among Native Americans living on reservations (5.64%) and Black people (3.30%), the net undercount rates were numerically higher but not statistically different from the 2010 rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who identified as white and not Latino were overcounted at a net rate of 1.64%, almost double the rate in 2010. Asian Americans were also overcounted (2.62%). The bureau said based on its estimates, it's unclear how well the 2020 tally counted Pacific Islanders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21408906/annotations/2087970\" style=\"border: none; width: 100%;\" width=\"668\" height=\"354\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-awaited findings came from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/08/1043506293/2020-census-results-accuracy-undercount-populations-post-enumeration-survey\">a follow-up survey the bureau conducted\u003c/a> to measure the accuracy of the latest head count of people living in the U.S., which is used to redistribute political representation and federal funding across the country for the next 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other estimates the bureau released on Thursday revealed that the most recent census followed another long-running trend of \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2022/03/despite-efforts-census-undercount-of-young-children-persists.html\">undercounting young children under age 5\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">COVID and Trump administration meddling hurt the count's accuracy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While the bureau's stated goal is to \"count everyone once, only once, and in the right place,\" miscounts have come with every census. Some people are counted more than once at different addresses, driving overcounts, while U.S. residents missing from the census fuel undercounting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disruptions from the coronavirus pandemic and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/15/1073338121/2020-census-interference-trump\">interference by former President Donald Trump's administration\u003c/a> raised alarms about the increased risk of the once-a-decade tally missing swaths of the country's population. COVID-19 also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/08/1043506293/2020-census-results-accuracy-undercount-populations-post-enumeration-survey\">caused multiple delays to the bureau's Post-Enumeration Survey\u003c/a> that's used to determine how accurate the census results are and inform planning for the next national count in 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the news conference announcing the follow-up survey results, Census Bureau Director Robert Santos — who, before becoming the agency's head, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-15/top-statistician-u-s-census-is-being-sabotaged\">told Bloomberg CityLab\u003c/a> that he believed the census was \"being sabotaged\" during the Trump administration to produce results that benefit Republicans — acknowledged \"an unprecedented set of challenges\" facing the bureau over the last couple of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"2020-census"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"Many of you, including myself, voiced concerns. How could anyone not be concerned? These findings will put some of those concerns to rest and leave others for further exploration,\" Santos, a Biden administration appointee, said during the news conference announcing the follow-up survey results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bureau said previously that it believes the census results are \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/newsroom/blogs/director/2021/07/redistricting-data.html\">fit to use\u003c/a>\" for reallocating each state's share of congressional seats and Electoral College votes, as well as redrawing voting districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Census numbers are also used to guide the distribution of \u003ca href=\"https://gwipp.gwu.edu/sites/g/files/zaxdzs2181/f/downloads/Counting%20for%20Dollars%202020%20Brief%207A%20-%20Comprehensive%20Accounting.pdf\">an estimated $1.5 trillion each year in federal money\u003c/a> to communities for health care, education, transportation and other public services. Some tribal, state and local officials are considering \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/01/1069610946/2020-census-correction-challenge-results-count-question-resolution\">ways of challenging the results\u003c/a> for potential corrections that would be factored into future funding decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report the bureau released on Thursday only provided a national-level look at the count's accuracy, and the agency says it's planning to release state-level metrics this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a lot more states for us to check and review and look through,\" said Timothy Kennel, assistant division chief for statistical methods, during \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/2FErNGFgrRk?t=2246\">a webinar before Thursday's release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Civil rights groups are looking for remedies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Still, these national-level metrics resurfaced concerns among civil rights organizations and other census watchers who have warned for years about the risk of racial gaps in the census numbers leading to inequitable allocations of political power and federal money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the bureau reporting that American Indians and Alaska Natives living on reservations continued to have the highest net undercount rate among racial and ethnic groups, Fawn Sharp, president of the National Congress of American Indians, said the results \"confirm our worst fears.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every undercounted household and individual in our communities means lost funding and resources that are desperately needed to address the significant disparities we face,\" added Sharp, who is also the vice president of the Quinault Indian Nation in Taholah, Wash., in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marc Morial, the president and CEO of the National Urban League, which led a federal lawsuit in 2020 to try to stop Trump officials from cutting counting efforts short, said the group's lawyers are considering returning to court to try to secure a remedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've talked about voter suppression. Now we see population suppression,\" Morial said on a call with reporters. \"And when you tie them together, it is the poisonous tree of seeking to diminish the distribution of power in this nation on a fair and equitable basis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other longtime census watchers see this moment as a chance to reimagine what the next count in 2030 could look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arturo Vargas, CEO of the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials Educational Fund, said the next census should be taken in a \"much more modern and effective way\" to address the persistent undercounting of Latinos and other people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This whole notion of coming up with a master address file and mailing everybody an invitation to participate and hoping that they respond, and if they don't, you go knock on their doors, that's an obsolete way now of counting the U.S. population. We need a better way. I don't have the answer to what that better way is, but I want to work with the Census Bureau to figure it out,\" Vargas added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to looking ahead to the next decade, Vargas noted a more immediate concern: how to improve the annual population estimates that the bureau produces using 2020 census data and that states and local communities rely on to get their shares of federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked by NPR if there are any plans to factor the new over and undercounting rates into those estimates, Karen Battle, chief of the bureau's population division, replied the agency is \"taking steps in that direction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But we have to do research so that we can understand whether or not we can do that,\" Battle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit NPR.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+2020+census+had+big+undercounts+of+Black+people%2C+Latinos+and+Native+Americans&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11907796/the-2020-census-significantly-undercounted-black-people-latinos-and-native-americans","authors":["byline_news_11907796"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_26244","news_22665","news_20219"],"featImg":"news_11907797","label":"source_news_11907796"},"news_11905454":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11905454","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11905454","score":null,"sort":[1645192827000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"we-are-black-we-just-speak-spanish-why-some-afro-latinos-want-more-visibility-during-black-history-month","title":"'We Are Black. We Just Speak Spanish': Why Some Afro Latinos Want More Visibility During Black History Month","publishDate":1645192827,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Nelson German, the chef and owner of alaMar, a seafood restaurant in Oakland, remembers the day a Black family asked a staffer about the Black owner they had heard about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t a Black-owned restaurant,” he recalled the staffer telling the family. “This is a Dominican-owned restaurant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing about that interaction was a turning point for German. As a Black Dominican American, German, 41, realized he hadn’t done enough to educate those around him about his Blackness and the importance of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are Black. We are part of the African diaspora. We just speak Spanish,” German said. “The African continent influenced the world. We should embrace that, and really give tribute to it now, because there's a lot of people who had to shed their blood and sacrifice their lives for us to be in this position. We should show them some respect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Jacqueline Garcel, Latino Community Foundation\"]'The contributions of Afro Latinos to this country and Black history go hand in hand.'[/pullquote]“So, I always say Afro Latino,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>German finds himself fielding numerous requests during Black History Month for interviews, cooking demos and lectures to talk about his African roots. The same thing now happens during Hispanic Heritage Month, a trend he welcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Latinos who identify as Black or of African descent have felt sidelined in broader discussions of race and ethnicity. In recent years, advocates and scholars have called for the experience of Black Latinos to be given greater consideration during Black History Month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 1, the Latino Community Foundation, which funds Latino-led organizations and encourages greater political participation among Latinos in California, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LatinoCommFdn/status/1488602085411090433\">announced in a tweet\u003c/a>: “There is no American history without Black history! We proudly celebrate #BlackHistoryMonth & honor Afro-Latinx leaders.” Numerous other Latino-centered organizations posted similar messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The contributions of Afro Latinos to this country and Black history go hand in hand,” said Jacqueline Garcel, CEO of the foundation, who identifies as Afro Latina. “That might offend some people, and that's OK. But, let’s have the conversation about why?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The history of Afro Latinos is not taught in American schools, and the idea that someone can be Black and Latino still feels novel to some people, according to Tanya K. Hernández, a professor at Fordham University School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latin America is home to the largest Black population outside of Africa. Many people there are descendants of the more than 10 million Africans who were imprisoned and transported like freight to the Americas during the transatlantic slave trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African American and Afro Latinos share key historical similarities, such as being enslaved, living through colonialism and enduring centuries of racism. Those experiences and that history deserve recognition during both Hispanic Heritage Month and Black History Month, Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11874662\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49240_NUP_191641_0348-qut.jpg\"]“There is now a growing space to express Afro Latino identity with greater attention being paid to issues of Black Lives Matter and intersectionality,” said Hernandez, whose forthcoming book, “Racial Innocence: Unmasking Latino Anti-Black Bias and the Struggle for Equality,” examines discrimination against Black people by non-Black Latinos, and how that promotes white supremacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not so much the case of, ‘Oh, some people have just discovered that they're Afro Latino,’ or maybe that could be the case,” she continued. “What you're seeing more of is the greater receptivity to identities that have already been in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 2020 U.S. Census, about 2.4 million people identified as \"Black and Hispanic\" or \"Black Hispanic,\" accounting for about 5% of the nation’s 46.8 million people who identify as Black. Mark Hugo Lopez, director of race and ethnicity research at the nonpartisan Pew Research Center, said that is likely an undercount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Afro Latinos might not select Black as their race or instead choose multiracial, Lopez explained. In 2020, the number of Latinos who selected multiracial ballooned from 3 million to 20.3 million, or nearly a third of the country's roughly 65 million Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's a number of things that have happened over the last 20 years which have begun to change the way we talk about race and the labels we use to describe ourselves,” Lopez said. “People are more aware of and are seeking to understand better who and where they're from. And that's true of Latinos, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aya de Leon, a novelist who runs the Poetry for the People program at UC Berkeley, was born in Los Angeles and raised in Northern California in the 1970s and '80s. While growing up, she remembers, people were divided into four main race categories: white; Black; Chinese, for anyone of Asian descent; and Mexican for anyone from south of the U.S. border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That left little room for her to explain or even fully grasp her own background. Her Puerto Rican mother presented as white, and her father was a Black man with Caribbean ancestry. She didn’t fit perceptions of what people thought a Latino or Black person should be.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Nelson German, chef and restaurateur\"]'It's up to us now to educate and keep having these conversations and letting people know the truth about who we are.'[/pullquote]It wasn’t until she left California for Boston to attend Harvard College that she encountered a significant Afro Latino population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I was a kid and could pronounce things in Spanish, Latino folks, particularly Mexican American folks, were sort of shocked,” de Leon said. “Being in the Northeast, I was like, ‘Oh, wow, look at this — these are Black people speaking Spanish to each other, and nobody's, like, taking their picture. It's not like an unusual thing.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the idea of who could be Black in America seemed exclusionary to de Leon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I grew up, there was this sense that Blackness, with a capital B, was the kind of culture that came out of the U.S. South from African folks who had gone through a slavery experience,” she said. “There was no room to be a different kind of Black.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>German, the chef in Oakland, was born and raised in Washington Heights, a predominantly Dominican neighborhood in New York City. His parents, grandparents and extended family members insisted they were “Dominicanos” or “Latinos,” and avoided terms that acknowledged their Blackness and African descent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in his career, he gravitated toward Italian, Spanish and French cuisine because he thought cooking the Dominican food he grew up eating would prevent him from attaining prestige or success. The restaurant industry, he said, tends to marginalize food from Latin America as greasy, cheap and lacking sophistication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>German, who moved to Oakland with his wife in 2010, slowly began adding Dominican dishes to alaMar’s menu. He subsequently opened SobreMesa, an Afro Latino restaurant in downtown Oakland in 2020, the same year he also showcased his Dominican cuisine as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11874662/californias-only-top-chef-contestant-taps-his-afro-latino-roots\">a contestant on Bravo’s “Top Chef.”\u003c/a>[aside label=\"Related Coverage\" tag=\"latinx\"]About five years ago, when German began researching his African ancestry, he learned that his roots traced back to Cameroon in West Africa. He then made the connection that one of the core ingredients of his cooking — plantains — were brought to the Americas from West Africa, along with enslaved people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I heard that, I started bawling tears. It was eye-opening,” said German, who will share his culinary journey at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/event/1610\">KQED Live event\u003c/a> on Feb. 22. “We need to dive into our roots and really respect that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he thinks about how some Latinos try to erase their Blackness, he says he doesn’t blame people from older generations for thinking that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's up to us now to educate and keep having these conversations and letting people know the truth about who we are,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcel, of the Latino Community Foundation, is another Dominican American Bay Area transplant from Washington Heights. Growing up, she noticed that her mother, who was light-skinned, was often treated differently from her darker-skinned father. When they first arrived in New York, she remembers, her mother went to apartment viewings alone to avoid discrimination from landlords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like German, Garcel also has gone through a process of embracing her Blackness in spite of the anti-Blackness and preference for European features that pervade many Latinx communities. She was often advised to straighten her curly hair “to fit in better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcel saw how her father found more acceptance and support from Black people in Harlem than from white people, and even some other Latinos. And throughout her own career in public health and nonprofits, Black women have been some of her greatest champions and mentors, Garcel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After moving to the West Coast, Garcel said she continued having to deal with people questioning her background, but in new ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because Dominicans are so small in numbers outside of New York City, people don't understand who we are or where we come from,” she said. “I’ve been told, ‘You head up a Latino organization in California, but you're not Mexican?’ I've been told that to my face.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her part, de Leon, the novelist, spent years reflecting on her identity and learning how to overcome pervasive racist, anti-Black attitudes. She is heartened that younger people tend to be much more aware of the nuances of race and identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can be 100% Black. I can be 100% Puerto Rican. I can even be 100% West Indian. I can be all those things,” she said. “I don't have to know all the history, I don't have to speak all the languages and all the patois. Those are my roots. That is my heritage. Those are my ancestors. And, I am enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Many Latinos who identify as Black or of African descent have felt sidelined in broader discussions of race and ethnicity. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1662485435,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1741},"headData":{"title":"'We Are Black. We Just Speak Spanish': Why Some Afro Latinos Want More Visibility During Black History Month | KQED","description":"Many Latinos who identify as Black or of African descent have felt sidelined in broader discussions of race and ethnicity. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11905454 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11905454","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/02/18/we-are-black-we-just-speak-spanish-why-some-afro-latinos-want-more-visibility-during-black-history-month/","disqusTitle":"'We Are Black. We Just Speak Spanish': Why Some Afro Latinos Want More Visibility During Black History Month","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/9a624439-04d6-499e-918f-ae48014a7b4e/audio.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11905454/we-are-black-we-just-speak-spanish-why-some-afro-latinos-want-more-visibility-during-black-history-month","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nelson German, the chef and owner of alaMar, a seafood restaurant in Oakland, remembers the day a Black family asked a staffer about the Black owner they had heard about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t a Black-owned restaurant,” he recalled the staffer telling the family. “This is a Dominican-owned restaurant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing about that interaction was a turning point for German. As a Black Dominican American, German, 41, realized he hadn’t done enough to educate those around him about his Blackness and the importance of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are Black. We are part of the African diaspora. We just speak Spanish,” German said. “The African continent influenced the world. We should embrace that, and really give tribute to it now, because there's a lot of people who had to shed their blood and sacrifice their lives for us to be in this position. We should show them some respect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'The contributions of Afro Latinos to this country and Black history go hand in hand.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Jacqueline Garcel, Latino Community Foundation","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“So, I always say Afro Latino,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>German finds himself fielding numerous requests during Black History Month for interviews, cooking demos and lectures to talk about his African roots. The same thing now happens during Hispanic Heritage Month, a trend he welcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Latinos who identify as Black or of African descent have felt sidelined in broader discussions of race and ethnicity. In recent years, advocates and scholars have called for the experience of Black Latinos to be given greater consideration during Black History Month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 1, the Latino Community Foundation, which funds Latino-led organizations and encourages greater political participation among Latinos in California, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LatinoCommFdn/status/1488602085411090433\">announced in a tweet\u003c/a>: “There is no American history without Black history! We proudly celebrate #BlackHistoryMonth & honor Afro-Latinx leaders.” Numerous other Latino-centered organizations posted similar messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The contributions of Afro Latinos to this country and Black history go hand in hand,” said Jacqueline Garcel, CEO of the foundation, who identifies as Afro Latina. “That might offend some people, and that's OK. But, let’s have the conversation about why?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The history of Afro Latinos is not taught in American schools, and the idea that someone can be Black and Latino still feels novel to some people, according to Tanya K. Hernández, a professor at Fordham University School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latin America is home to the largest Black population outside of Africa. Many people there are descendants of the more than 10 million Africans who were imprisoned and transported like freight to the Americas during the transatlantic slave trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African American and Afro Latinos share key historical similarities, such as being enslaved, living through colonialism and enduring centuries of racism. Those experiences and that history deserve recognition during both Hispanic Heritage Month and Black History Month, Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11874662","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49240_NUP_191641_0348-qut.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“There is now a growing space to express Afro Latino identity with greater attention being paid to issues of Black Lives Matter and intersectionality,” said Hernandez, whose forthcoming book, “Racial Innocence: Unmasking Latino Anti-Black Bias and the Struggle for Equality,” examines discrimination against Black people by non-Black Latinos, and how that promotes white supremacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not so much the case of, ‘Oh, some people have just discovered that they're Afro Latino,’ or maybe that could be the case,” she continued. “What you're seeing more of is the greater receptivity to identities that have already been in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 2020 U.S. Census, about 2.4 million people identified as \"Black and Hispanic\" or \"Black Hispanic,\" accounting for about 5% of the nation’s 46.8 million people who identify as Black. Mark Hugo Lopez, director of race and ethnicity research at the nonpartisan Pew Research Center, said that is likely an undercount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Afro Latinos might not select Black as their race or instead choose multiracial, Lopez explained. In 2020, the number of Latinos who selected multiracial ballooned from 3 million to 20.3 million, or nearly a third of the country's roughly 65 million Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's a number of things that have happened over the last 20 years which have begun to change the way we talk about race and the labels we use to describe ourselves,” Lopez said. “People are more aware of and are seeking to understand better who and where they're from. And that's true of Latinos, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aya de Leon, a novelist who runs the Poetry for the People program at UC Berkeley, was born in Los Angeles and raised in Northern California in the 1970s and '80s. While growing up, she remembers, people were divided into four main race categories: white; Black; Chinese, for anyone of Asian descent; and Mexican for anyone from south of the U.S. border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That left little room for her to explain or even fully grasp her own background. Her Puerto Rican mother presented as white, and her father was a Black man with Caribbean ancestry. She didn’t fit perceptions of what people thought a Latino or Black person should be.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'It's up to us now to educate and keep having these conversations and letting people know the truth about who we are.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Nelson German, chef and restaurateur","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>It wasn’t until she left California for Boston to attend Harvard College that she encountered a significant Afro Latino population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I was a kid and could pronounce things in Spanish, Latino folks, particularly Mexican American folks, were sort of shocked,” de Leon said. “Being in the Northeast, I was like, ‘Oh, wow, look at this — these are Black people speaking Spanish to each other, and nobody's, like, taking their picture. It's not like an unusual thing.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the idea of who could be Black in America seemed exclusionary to de Leon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I grew up, there was this sense that Blackness, with a capital B, was the kind of culture that came out of the U.S. South from African folks who had gone through a slavery experience,” she said. “There was no room to be a different kind of Black.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>German, the chef in Oakland, was born and raised in Washington Heights, a predominantly Dominican neighborhood in New York City. His parents, grandparents and extended family members insisted they were “Dominicanos” or “Latinos,” and avoided terms that acknowledged their Blackness and African descent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in his career, he gravitated toward Italian, Spanish and French cuisine because he thought cooking the Dominican food he grew up eating would prevent him from attaining prestige or success. The restaurant industry, he said, tends to marginalize food from Latin America as greasy, cheap and lacking sophistication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>German, who moved to Oakland with his wife in 2010, slowly began adding Dominican dishes to alaMar’s menu. He subsequently opened SobreMesa, an Afro Latino restaurant in downtown Oakland in 2020, the same year he also showcased his Dominican cuisine as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11874662/californias-only-top-chef-contestant-taps-his-afro-latino-roots\">a contestant on Bravo’s “Top Chef.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"latinx"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>About five years ago, when German began researching his African ancestry, he learned that his roots traced back to Cameroon in West Africa. He then made the connection that one of the core ingredients of his cooking — plantains — were brought to the Americas from West Africa, along with enslaved people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I heard that, I started bawling tears. It was eye-opening,” said German, who will share his culinary journey at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/event/1610\">KQED Live event\u003c/a> on Feb. 22. “We need to dive into our roots and really respect that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he thinks about how some Latinos try to erase their Blackness, he says he doesn’t blame people from older generations for thinking that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's up to us now to educate and keep having these conversations and letting people know the truth about who we are,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcel, of the Latino Community Foundation, is another Dominican American Bay Area transplant from Washington Heights. Growing up, she noticed that her mother, who was light-skinned, was often treated differently from her darker-skinned father. When they first arrived in New York, she remembers, her mother went to apartment viewings alone to avoid discrimination from landlords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like German, Garcel also has gone through a process of embracing her Blackness in spite of the anti-Blackness and preference for European features that pervade many Latinx communities. She was often advised to straighten her curly hair “to fit in better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcel saw how her father found more acceptance and support from Black people in Harlem than from white people, and even some other Latinos. And throughout her own career in public health and nonprofits, Black women have been some of her greatest champions and mentors, Garcel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After moving to the West Coast, Garcel said she continued having to deal with people questioning her background, but in new ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because Dominicans are so small in numbers outside of New York City, people don't understand who we are or where we come from,” she said. “I’ve been told, ‘You head up a Latino organization in California, but you're not Mexican?’ I've been told that to my face.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her part, de Leon, the novelist, spent years reflecting on her identity and learning how to overcome pervasive racist, anti-Black attitudes. She is heartened that younger people tend to be much more aware of the nuances of race and identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can be 100% Black. I can be 100% Puerto Rican. I can even be 100% West Indian. I can be all those things,” she said. “I don't have to know all the history, I don't have to speak all the languages and all the patois. Those are my roots. That is my heritage. Those are my ancestors. And, I am enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11905454/we-are-black-we-just-speak-spanish-why-some-afro-latinos-want-more-visibility-during-black-history-month","authors":["11666"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_30677","news_17651","news_25409","news_20219","news_29068"],"featImg":"news_11905457","label":"news"},"news_11893704":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11893704","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11893704","score":null,"sort":[1636573103000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"historian-keeanga-yamahtta-taylor-on-the-racial-wealth-gap-and-the-crisis-of-american-capitalism","title":"Historian Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor on the Racial Wealth Gap and the Crisis of American Capitalism","publishDate":1636573103,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\"In the United States, it’s very stark that the past is not yet past. Problems that we think of as historical in fact continue to impact our lives on a daily basis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are the words of historian Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, who has dedicated her career to the impacts of systemic racial inequality resulting from historical and contemporary economic policies — as well as the transformative power of social movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her latest book, \"Race for Profit: How Banks and the Real Estate Industry Undermined Black Homeownership,\" was nominated for the 2020 Pulitzer Prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor, who is a MacArthur Fellowship, or \"genius grant,\" recipient and professor in the Department of African American Studies at Princeton University, recently spoke to KQED Forum's Alexis Madrigal for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101885891/historian-keeanga-yamahtta-taylor-on-the-structures-of-racial-inequality-and-the-social-movements-fighting-it\">a conversation on the financial structures of racial inequality in the U.S\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read on for historical and contextual highlights from their conversation, and listen to the full interview by hitting the pink-and-white play button above.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'Locked out'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>According to Taylor, an \"urban crisis\" developed in the years following World War II — one that had deep and long-lasting impacts for Black communities especially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the war, she said, African Americans were \"locked out — of not only the emergent spoils that came about through the war effort, but also through the exclusion from the social safety net that had been created in the United States in the 1930s.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exclusion of many Black people from state-mandated aid and the private sector \"meant that cities, where Black people were concentrated, were undergoing enormous hardship in terms of not enough good-paying jobs,\" Taylor said. Especially as \"jobs were moving to the periphery, to the suburbs for cheaper tax rates, and their housing was in a deplorable state,\" she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The U.S. government's policies from the 1930s had privileged building new housing in the suburbs, and that resulted in the deterioration of housing in American cities,\" said Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African Americans' imminent migration from rural and southern areas to northern cities was not rewarded with \"the American Dream that earlier waves of immigrant populations had found in American cities,\" said Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, she says, quoting Malcolm X, they found \"an American nightmare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Taylor, \"that kind of exclusion and deprivation in the face of enormous wealth and prosperity\" defined the urban crisis, which led to a series of social uprisings in the 1960s. And what became known as the \"urban crisis\" was in fact ultimately \"a crisis of American capitalism that was having its greatest consequence in the lives of ordinary Black people who were city-bound,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'The exclusionary practices of the state'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Learning about the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Act of 1968 during her time in graduate school would set Taylor on her path of study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor calls the act, signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson in August of that year, \"the first attempt by the federal government to help low-income working-class Black renters become homeowners.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The housing programs of the 1930s HUD Act, which produced white working-class homeowners, \"had now come to be understood as exclusionary and involving\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/18486/redlining\">practices that have been described as redlining\u003c/a>,\" Taylor explained, and \"Black people were largely excluded from those programs.\"[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor\"]'It was a crisis of American capitalism that was having its greatest consequence in the lives of ordinary Black people who were city-bound.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor notes how the federal policies enacted in the wake of the uprisings of the 1960s were prefaced by damaging and oppressive sentiments of the Nixon administration. In the late 1960s, Taylor explained, the federal government opened up homeownership to working-class Black families — but under then-president Nixon's popularized idea \"that if they own their own homes, they won't burn down the cities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many Republicans who backed this legislation believed that this was an opportunity to give Black people a stake in America's cities,\" she continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Taylor, this was \"also a signal from the real estate industry that there was a market to be constructed out of the inner city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explained the particular implications of this transitional period, saying, \"the programs of the '30s that had incentivized the movement of white people out of cities into suburban areas had left an abundance of housing in American cities unavailable, and unused.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in Black neighborhoods, \"that housing was distressed. It was old. There had been very little new building,\" Taylor explained. \"All of a sudden, those conditions that had been created out of the exclusionary practices of the state were now used as evidence to treat Black consumers differently,\" said Taylor — but now \"those neighborhoods were determined to be risky.\"[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor\"]'All of a sudden, those conditions that had been created out of the exclusionary practices of the state were now used as evidence to treat Black consumers differently.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Taylor, the most socially oppressive change brought about by the 1968 HUD Act was that \"Black people could now become homeowners, but it would be on different terms than had been available to white people in the 1930s.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'T\u003cstrong>he financial roots to segregation'\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For Taylor, there have been many fundamental misunderstandings about segregation — both historically and continuing in the present day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We often think of segregation as just an expression of the will of white people,\" she says. \"'Do white people want to live near Black people? Do they want Black neighbors?'\" But Taylor advocates a different focus: on \"the financial roots to segregation, and understanding the economy that developed around segregation,\" said Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was a willingness for the housing industry and the banks to shift their practice in the private sector,\" said Taylor. However, \"it was all done with the unspoken assurance that a new housing market for Black people could be built — but it had to be done so on a segregated basis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked by Forum's Madrigal about the implications of utilizing a \"colorblind market approach\" to solve for lower-income housing, Taylor explained that it was \"a huge problem.\" The process of making racial discrimination in housing illegal in 1968 \"as if nothing ever happened,\" said Taylor, in fact demonstrated \"no effort to redress or repair the damage that had been done to the physical property in Black-majority neighborhoods.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The systemic oppression of real estate appraisal\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Black neighborhoods, says Taylor, have been \"systematically devalued\" by real estate appraisal — and that has fundamentally changed \"what homeownership means as a wealth-building vehicle\" for Black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We really need to challenge this assumption that the promotion of single-family homeownership is the most important or even possible way to end the racial wealth gap,\" said Taylor, \"because it assumes that Black people owning homes has the same financial impact of white people owning homes.\" Because in reality, she notes, \"Black houses and Black-majority neighborhoods have been grossly devalued.\"[aside postID='news_11840548,news_11878403,news_11860308' label='Related Stories']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor cites \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/devaluation-of-assets-in-black-neighborhoods/\">a study co-authored by Andre Perry, a senior fellow with the Metropolitan Policy Program at the Brookings Institution\u003c/a>, which found that homes in majority-Black neighborhoods are devalued by \"$150 billion less than homes of similar quality in white-majority neighborhoods.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And according to Taylor, \"there is not a single moment in the 20th century where the real estate and banking industries in the facilitation of housing creation have \u003cem>not\u003c/em> considered race.\" The exclusion of Black people, she says, is \"absolutely central to constructing, for [the real estate and banking industries], a healthy housing market.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not only does this mean that homeownership literally functions differently for poor Black people,\" said Taylor, \"but it should compel us to question the role of homeownership in our society and why we have allowed this to become the vehicle through which we solve all of our large financial crises.\"[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor\"]'We really need to challenge this assumption that the promotion of single-family homeownership is the most important or even possible way to end the racial wealth gap.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is an opportunity to think differently about what social provision is,\" said Taylor. \"For Black people, homeownership is not a viable road to ending the racial wealth gap in the U.S.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the questions that we have to ask is: How do we get the private sector ... out of the production of housing for ordinary people?\" said Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To listen to Taylor's full interview, click the pink-and-white play button at the top of this post. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor discusses the racist policies that led to the 'urban crisis' of the 1960s and the private sector's role in widening the racialized wealth gap.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1644518010,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1456},"headData":{"title":"Historian Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor on the Racial Wealth Gap and the Crisis of American Capitalism | KQED","description":"Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor discusses the racist policies that led to the 'urban crisis' of the 1960s and the private sector's role in widening the racialized wealth gap.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11893704 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11893704","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/11/10/historian-keeanga-yamahtta-taylor-on-the-racial-wealth-gap-and-the-crisis-of-american-capitalism/","disqusTitle":"Historian Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor on the Racial Wealth Gap and the Crisis of American Capitalism","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC5117651373.mp3?updated=1633978729","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11893704/historian-keeanga-yamahtta-taylor-on-the-racial-wealth-gap-and-the-crisis-of-american-capitalism","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\"In the United States, it’s very stark that the past is not yet past. Problems that we think of as historical in fact continue to impact our lives on a daily basis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are the words of historian Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, who has dedicated her career to the impacts of systemic racial inequality resulting from historical and contemporary economic policies — as well as the transformative power of social movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her latest book, \"Race for Profit: How Banks and the Real Estate Industry Undermined Black Homeownership,\" was nominated for the 2020 Pulitzer Prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor, who is a MacArthur Fellowship, or \"genius grant,\" recipient and professor in the Department of African American Studies at Princeton University, recently spoke to KQED Forum's Alexis Madrigal for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101885891/historian-keeanga-yamahtta-taylor-on-the-structures-of-racial-inequality-and-the-social-movements-fighting-it\">a conversation on the financial structures of racial inequality in the U.S\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read on for historical and contextual highlights from their conversation, and listen to the full interview by hitting the pink-and-white play button above.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'Locked out'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>According to Taylor, an \"urban crisis\" developed in the years following World War II — one that had deep and long-lasting impacts for Black communities especially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the war, she said, African Americans were \"locked out — of not only the emergent spoils that came about through the war effort, but also through the exclusion from the social safety net that had been created in the United States in the 1930s.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exclusion of many Black people from state-mandated aid and the private sector \"meant that cities, where Black people were concentrated, were undergoing enormous hardship in terms of not enough good-paying jobs,\" Taylor said. Especially as \"jobs were moving to the periphery, to the suburbs for cheaper tax rates, and their housing was in a deplorable state,\" she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The U.S. government's policies from the 1930s had privileged building new housing in the suburbs, and that resulted in the deterioration of housing in American cities,\" said Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African Americans' imminent migration from rural and southern areas to northern cities was not rewarded with \"the American Dream that earlier waves of immigrant populations had found in American cities,\" said Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, she says, quoting Malcolm X, they found \"an American nightmare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Taylor, \"that kind of exclusion and deprivation in the face of enormous wealth and prosperity\" defined the urban crisis, which led to a series of social uprisings in the 1960s. And what became known as the \"urban crisis\" was in fact ultimately \"a crisis of American capitalism that was having its greatest consequence in the lives of ordinary Black people who were city-bound,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'The exclusionary practices of the state'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Learning about the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Act of 1968 during her time in graduate school would set Taylor on her path of study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor calls the act, signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson in August of that year, \"the first attempt by the federal government to help low-income working-class Black renters become homeowners.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The housing programs of the 1930s HUD Act, which produced white working-class homeowners, \"had now come to be understood as exclusionary and involving\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/18486/redlining\">practices that have been described as redlining\u003c/a>,\" Taylor explained, and \"Black people were largely excluded from those programs.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'It was a crisis of American capitalism that was having its greatest consequence in the lives of ordinary Black people who were city-bound.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor notes how the federal policies enacted in the wake of the uprisings of the 1960s were prefaced by damaging and oppressive sentiments of the Nixon administration. In the late 1960s, Taylor explained, the federal government opened up homeownership to working-class Black families — but under then-president Nixon's popularized idea \"that if they own their own homes, they won't burn down the cities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many Republicans who backed this legislation believed that this was an opportunity to give Black people a stake in America's cities,\" she continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Taylor, this was \"also a signal from the real estate industry that there was a market to be constructed out of the inner city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explained the particular implications of this transitional period, saying, \"the programs of the '30s that had incentivized the movement of white people out of cities into suburban areas had left an abundance of housing in American cities unavailable, and unused.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in Black neighborhoods, \"that housing was distressed. It was old. There had been very little new building,\" Taylor explained. \"All of a sudden, those conditions that had been created out of the exclusionary practices of the state were now used as evidence to treat Black consumers differently,\" said Taylor — but now \"those neighborhoods were determined to be risky.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'All of a sudden, those conditions that had been created out of the exclusionary practices of the state were now used as evidence to treat Black consumers differently.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Taylor, the most socially oppressive change brought about by the 1968 HUD Act was that \"Black people could now become homeowners, but it would be on different terms than had been available to white people in the 1930s.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'T\u003cstrong>he financial roots to segregation'\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For Taylor, there have been many fundamental misunderstandings about segregation — both historically and continuing in the present day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We often think of segregation as just an expression of the will of white people,\" she says. \"'Do white people want to live near Black people? Do they want Black neighbors?'\" But Taylor advocates a different focus: on \"the financial roots to segregation, and understanding the economy that developed around segregation,\" said Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was a willingness for the housing industry and the banks to shift their practice in the private sector,\" said Taylor. However, \"it was all done with the unspoken assurance that a new housing market for Black people could be built — but it had to be done so on a segregated basis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked by Forum's Madrigal about the implications of utilizing a \"colorblind market approach\" to solve for lower-income housing, Taylor explained that it was \"a huge problem.\" The process of making racial discrimination in housing illegal in 1968 \"as if nothing ever happened,\" said Taylor, in fact demonstrated \"no effort to redress or repair the damage that had been done to the physical property in Black-majority neighborhoods.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The systemic oppression of real estate appraisal\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Black neighborhoods, says Taylor, have been \"systematically devalued\" by real estate appraisal — and that has fundamentally changed \"what homeownership means as a wealth-building vehicle\" for Black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We really need to challenge this assumption that the promotion of single-family homeownership is the most important or even possible way to end the racial wealth gap,\" said Taylor, \"because it assumes that Black people owning homes has the same financial impact of white people owning homes.\" Because in reality, she notes, \"Black houses and Black-majority neighborhoods have been grossly devalued.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11840548,news_11878403,news_11860308","label":"Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor cites \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/devaluation-of-assets-in-black-neighborhoods/\">a study co-authored by Andre Perry, a senior fellow with the Metropolitan Policy Program at the Brookings Institution\u003c/a>, which found that homes in majority-Black neighborhoods are devalued by \"$150 billion less than homes of similar quality in white-majority neighborhoods.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And according to Taylor, \"there is not a single moment in the 20th century where the real estate and banking industries in the facilitation of housing creation have \u003cem>not\u003c/em> considered race.\" The exclusion of Black people, she says, is \"absolutely central to constructing, for [the real estate and banking industries], a healthy housing market.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not only does this mean that homeownership literally functions differently for poor Black people,\" said Taylor, \"but it should compel us to question the role of homeownership in our society and why we have allowed this to become the vehicle through which we solve all of our large financial crises.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We really need to challenge this assumption that the promotion of single-family homeownership is the most important or even possible way to end the racial wealth gap.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is an opportunity to think differently about what social provision is,\" said Taylor. \"For Black people, homeownership is not a viable road to ending the racial wealth gap in the U.S.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the questions that we have to ask is: How do we get the private sector ... out of the production of housing for ordinary people?\" said Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To listen to Taylor's full interview, click the pink-and-white play button at the top of this post. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11893704/historian-keeanga-yamahtta-taylor-on-the-racial-wealth-gap-and-the-crisis-of-american-capitalism","authors":["11759","11757"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_30652","news_160","news_30218","news_5946","news_20219"],"featImg":"news_11894775","label":"news"},"news_11894797":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11894797","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11894797","score":null,"sort":[1636150309000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-does-it-mean-to-be-mixed-a-conversation-between-generations","title":"What Does It Mean to Be Mixed? A Conversation Between Generations","publishDate":1636150309,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report Magazine | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":26731,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/mixed-race\">\u003ci>This post is part of a series of stories featured on this week’s episode of The California Report Magazine about the experience of being mixed race.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>For some mixed-race people, finding a sense of belonging can feel like a balancing act. One common experience is the feeling of being an outsider. But it can create a type of kinship that’s held together by loneliness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Two California Report Magazine listeners who share a common background — their mothers are Filipina, their fathers are Black — sat down to have a conversation about identity and growing up mixed in different eras and different parts of the Golden State.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895300\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1367px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/mixed2.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11895300 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/mixed2.png\" alt=\"Two women side by side.\" width=\"1367\" height=\"609\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/mixed2.png 1367w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/mixed2-800x356.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/mixed2-1020x454.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/mixed2-160x71.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1367px) 100vw, 1367px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Camille Seiberling, 48, (left) is a business owner in her hometown of San Francisco, and mother of two sons. Katrina Bullock, 21, is a student at UC Berkeley, where she's involved with the Mixed at Berkeley club. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sieberling and Bullock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Camille Seiberling, 48, is a business owner in her hometown of San Francisco, where she grew up. She has two sons.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Katrina Bullock, 21, a student at UC Berkeley, grew up in Santa Clarita, just outside Los Angeles. She helps run a program called \u003ca href=\"http://mixedatberkeley.com\">Mixed at Berkeley\u003c/a>, which aims to support mixed-race students who are the first in their families to go to college.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The conversation has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The question all mixed people get: “What are you?”\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>KB: I'm an Aries. I am Black and Filipino. I'm a woman. I identify as a lot of things, [I’m] a multifaceted person. The question is definitely interesting. When I get asked it, I like to kind of give people a little bit more of my personality. I'm like, “Oh, I'm funny” or “I'm cool” or things like that. Just so they have to really explicitly ask, “What is your ethnic or racial background?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CS: I'm 48, and I've been asked that same question for a long time. When I was younger, it was awkward. Sometimes it depended on who was asking the question. If it was somebody who was white, I would be a little bit curious about why they're asking that question. If [it was] someone who is Filipino, too, or African American or mixed themselves, I would get what they're trying to figure out and it wouldn’t bother me as much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894920\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 512px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11894920\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-family.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"512\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-family.jpeg 512w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-family-160x117.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Camille Seiberling and her husband and two kids. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Camille Seiberling)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>KB: Yeah, it really depends on who I'm interacting with and like how they construct race by their experiences. In Santa Clarita, which is a predominantly white community, the people there have a very narrow perception of Blackness. So when they see me, it's very much like I am the tokenized Black person, like I'm the representative of the Black community. Whereas when I interact with people who are in more multicultural spaces, or have a broadened view of the Black community, they will identify that I am mixed and treat me differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"More From the California Report's 'Mixed' Series\" postID=\"news_11894632,news_11894597\"]CS: I know there are Black and Filipino girls like Katrina, but I didn't have that growing up. There were mostly Black and white mixed women that I grew up around. I was really unique, and I still am, actually, in my group of friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KB: I think that we really all find like a collective identity in this feeling of never fitting in or never feeling like you're fully anything. And then when you find a space with other mixed people who feel the same way, then you kind of take a step back and realize, “Oh, I am a full person. I can be fully Black and fully Filipino. I can just be truly me without having to deal with other people's opinions on what my racial makeup is and like what that says about me. It's just truly who I am.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Race is a lot about how you're perceived\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>CS: Being mixed, I never really felt that people thought I was African American. I was an actress for a while, [and when] I was going out for parts, they always wanted me to be Latina. When I went to Vietnam, they thought I was Vietnamese. When I went to Morocco, they thought I was Moroccan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KB: Racially I think I present as Black. But culturally, I feel like I still hold Filipino traditions and practices. So growing up in a suburban community that's majority white, a lot of people have these racial assumptions like [from] the get-go. They see one Black person — because there's not that many Black people in my suburban city — and so they see me and they’re like, “OK, she knows everything. I bet she can rap all the Drake songs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894918\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11894918\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4645-e1635961139131-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4645-e1635961139131-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4645-e1635961139131-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4645-e1635961139131-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4645-e1635961139131.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Katrina Bullock (far left) and her parents and sister. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Katrina Bullock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Anti-blackness within mixed families\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>KB: One of the first racialized experiences I remember having was in my elementary school. I went to a school where there was a large Filipino population, and I had a classmate who was Filipino and our moms were friends. We were on the playground playing tag, and I tagged him. I'm sure I said something a little bit arrogant, like, “I got you,” and he turned around, and said, “Well, at least I'm not Black.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Later] [m]y dad [told my mom], “Well, she is Black. That's just something that she's going to learn.” That was just my first experience, understanding the aggression that I would face because I'm Black. From that moment forward, I think my dad made it a really strong point in our household for me to know my Black history. We watched a lot of movies and documentaries about Black history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894919\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 512px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-family-transamerica-pyramid.jpeg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11894919\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-family-transamerica-pyramid.jpeg\" alt=\"A family photo of eight people in front of the TransAmerica Pyramid building in San Francisco.\" width=\"512\" height=\"322\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-family-transamerica-pyramid.jpeg 512w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-family-transamerica-pyramid-160x101.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Camille Seiberling, second from right, and the Filipino side of her family pose in front of San Francisco's Transamerica Pyramid. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Camille Seiberling)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>CS: I didn't have that, not only because my parents separated, [but] because they didn't talk about our history or what they felt about it. I think it has a lot to do with coming out of the '60s and civil rights and my dad struggling. I feel like if he was there more, then I could talk to him about my feelings and get more information about how he was feeling about things. But I just had my mom's perspective, really. So I had to navigate these things myself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894921\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 502px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11894921\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-her-dad.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"502\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-her-dad.jpeg 502w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-her-dad-160x163.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Camille Seiberling, hugging her father in an undated photo. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Camille Seiberling)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When my mom first decided to be with my dad, there were racist comments. I think [for] my grandmother, my dad not always being there [meant] her stereotypes came true and so were reinforced in some way. I remember the store down the street was owned by a Chinese couple. I remember, they used to always kind of be afraid of my dad coming in [to the store], like he was going to do something. I grew up with those things. They felt very familiar to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The curly hair chronicles\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>KB: Once I hit middle school, I think that's when my mom gave me control over my hair. I had a lot of white peers who were straightening their hair. And so, I just adopted that and straightened my hair until probably like the middle of high school. Once I got to Berkeley — actually [in] my club \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/mixedatberkeley/\">Mixed at Berkeley\u003c/a> — they have a program called The Curly Hair Chronicles, where people talk about their curly hair experiences and how to properly deal with curly and textured hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894817\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11894817\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4019-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4019-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4019-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4019-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4019-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4019-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4019-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Katrina Bullock and friends who are part of Mixed at Berkeley, a club for mixed-race students. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Katrina Bullock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>CS: I wish I had that. One thing that's good is that my mom didn't chemically straighten [my or] my sister's hair. I always say how it looks like ‘Chaka Khan hair’ when it’s down. But I always wear it up, back from my face. I think it's because of the attention I got, not wanting that attention. When I went to private schools, I was objectified. I got a lot of attention for being mixed or not white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KB: Mixed people are obviously fetishized. I believe that’s a tool of like white supremacy to keep us kind of subjugated and not thinking about the racial hierarchy. Why has our idea of beauty been shaped around being ethnically ambiguous?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My mom actually doesn't talk about race as much as my dad did. Just recently, we had a conversation about colorism. I was just telling her [that] in Black communities, I benefit from colorism. But in Filipino communities, I'm more like the victim of colorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up [in] Filipino communities, it was like, “You need to have whitening lotion,” and “You need to pin your nose together so it doesn't look so wide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CS: I think that right now the next generation is looking at this stuff and talking about it more, because there are more of us. When I hear Katrina, I feel that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KB: Camille, thank you so much for sharing your story. I absolutely love talking to people who are of the same mix because I think it just showcases how diverse the mixed community is. We come from the same racial background, her parents are of the same race [as my parents], but we have such different experiences growing up in different parts of the states during a different era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[hearken id=\"7528\" src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/7528.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"These two California Report Magazine listeners both have Filipina moms and Black dads, but navigate their mixed identities in different ways. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1678908997,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1666},"headData":{"title":"What Does It Mean to Be Mixed? A Conversation Between Generations | KQED","description":"These two California Report Magazine listeners both have Filipina moms and Black dads, but navigate their mixed identities in different ways. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/d7f7d74b-a2da-4f47-9994-add6017259fe/audio.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11894797/what-does-it-mean-to-be-mixed-a-conversation-between-generations","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/mixed-race\">\u003ci>This post is part of a series of stories featured on this week’s episode of The California Report Magazine about the experience of being mixed race.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>For some mixed-race people, finding a sense of belonging can feel like a balancing act. One common experience is the feeling of being an outsider. But it can create a type of kinship that’s held together by loneliness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Two California Report Magazine listeners who share a common background — their mothers are Filipina, their fathers are Black — sat down to have a conversation about identity and growing up mixed in different eras and different parts of the Golden State.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895300\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1367px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/mixed2.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11895300 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/mixed2.png\" alt=\"Two women side by side.\" width=\"1367\" height=\"609\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/mixed2.png 1367w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/mixed2-800x356.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/mixed2-1020x454.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/mixed2-160x71.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1367px) 100vw, 1367px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Camille Seiberling, 48, (left) is a business owner in her hometown of San Francisco, and mother of two sons. Katrina Bullock, 21, is a student at UC Berkeley, where she's involved with the Mixed at Berkeley club. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sieberling and Bullock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Camille Seiberling, 48, is a business owner in her hometown of San Francisco, where she grew up. She has two sons.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Katrina Bullock, 21, a student at UC Berkeley, grew up in Santa Clarita, just outside Los Angeles. She helps run a program called \u003ca href=\"http://mixedatberkeley.com\">Mixed at Berkeley\u003c/a>, which aims to support mixed-race students who are the first in their families to go to college.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The conversation has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The question all mixed people get: “What are you?”\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>KB: I'm an Aries. I am Black and Filipino. I'm a woman. I identify as a lot of things, [I’m] a multifaceted person. The question is definitely interesting. When I get asked it, I like to kind of give people a little bit more of my personality. I'm like, “Oh, I'm funny” or “I'm cool” or things like that. Just so they have to really explicitly ask, “What is your ethnic or racial background?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CS: I'm 48, and I've been asked that same question for a long time. When I was younger, it was awkward. Sometimes it depended on who was asking the question. If it was somebody who was white, I would be a little bit curious about why they're asking that question. If [it was] someone who is Filipino, too, or African American or mixed themselves, I would get what they're trying to figure out and it wouldn’t bother me as much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894920\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 512px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11894920\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-family.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"512\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-family.jpeg 512w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-family-160x117.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Camille Seiberling and her husband and two kids. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Camille Seiberling)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>KB: Yeah, it really depends on who I'm interacting with and like how they construct race by their experiences. In Santa Clarita, which is a predominantly white community, the people there have a very narrow perception of Blackness. So when they see me, it's very much like I am the tokenized Black person, like I'm the representative of the Black community. Whereas when I interact with people who are in more multicultural spaces, or have a broadened view of the Black community, they will identify that I am mixed and treat me differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More From the California Report's 'Mixed' Series ","postid":"news_11894632,news_11894597"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>CS: I know there are Black and Filipino girls like Katrina, but I didn't have that growing up. There were mostly Black and white mixed women that I grew up around. I was really unique, and I still am, actually, in my group of friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KB: I think that we really all find like a collective identity in this feeling of never fitting in or never feeling like you're fully anything. And then when you find a space with other mixed people who feel the same way, then you kind of take a step back and realize, “Oh, I am a full person. I can be fully Black and fully Filipino. I can just be truly me without having to deal with other people's opinions on what my racial makeup is and like what that says about me. It's just truly who I am.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Race is a lot about how you're perceived\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>CS: Being mixed, I never really felt that people thought I was African American. I was an actress for a while, [and when] I was going out for parts, they always wanted me to be Latina. When I went to Vietnam, they thought I was Vietnamese. When I went to Morocco, they thought I was Moroccan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KB: Racially I think I present as Black. But culturally, I feel like I still hold Filipino traditions and practices. So growing up in a suburban community that's majority white, a lot of people have these racial assumptions like [from] the get-go. They see one Black person — because there's not that many Black people in my suburban city — and so they see me and they’re like, “OK, she knows everything. I bet she can rap all the Drake songs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894918\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11894918\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4645-e1635961139131-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4645-e1635961139131-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4645-e1635961139131-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4645-e1635961139131-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4645-e1635961139131.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Katrina Bullock (far left) and her parents and sister. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Katrina Bullock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Anti-blackness within mixed families\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>KB: One of the first racialized experiences I remember having was in my elementary school. I went to a school where there was a large Filipino population, and I had a classmate who was Filipino and our moms were friends. We were on the playground playing tag, and I tagged him. I'm sure I said something a little bit arrogant, like, “I got you,” and he turned around, and said, “Well, at least I'm not Black.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Later] [m]y dad [told my mom], “Well, she is Black. That's just something that she's going to learn.” That was just my first experience, understanding the aggression that I would face because I'm Black. From that moment forward, I think my dad made it a really strong point in our household for me to know my Black history. We watched a lot of movies and documentaries about Black history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894919\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 512px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-family-transamerica-pyramid.jpeg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11894919\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-family-transamerica-pyramid.jpeg\" alt=\"A family photo of eight people in front of the TransAmerica Pyramid building in San Francisco.\" width=\"512\" height=\"322\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-family-transamerica-pyramid.jpeg 512w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-family-transamerica-pyramid-160x101.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Camille Seiberling, second from right, and the Filipino side of her family pose in front of San Francisco's Transamerica Pyramid. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Camille Seiberling)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>CS: I didn't have that, not only because my parents separated, [but] because they didn't talk about our history or what they felt about it. I think it has a lot to do with coming out of the '60s and civil rights and my dad struggling. I feel like if he was there more, then I could talk to him about my feelings and get more information about how he was feeling about things. But I just had my mom's perspective, really. So I had to navigate these things myself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894921\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 502px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11894921\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-her-dad.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"502\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-her-dad.jpeg 502w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Camille-and-her-dad-160x163.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Camille Seiberling, hugging her father in an undated photo. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Camille Seiberling)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When my mom first decided to be with my dad, there were racist comments. I think [for] my grandmother, my dad not always being there [meant] her stereotypes came true and so were reinforced in some way. I remember the store down the street was owned by a Chinese couple. I remember, they used to always kind of be afraid of my dad coming in [to the store], like he was going to do something. I grew up with those things. They felt very familiar to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The curly hair chronicles\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>KB: Once I hit middle school, I think that's when my mom gave me control over my hair. I had a lot of white peers who were straightening their hair. And so, I just adopted that and straightened my hair until probably like the middle of high school. Once I got to Berkeley — actually [in] my club \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/mixedatberkeley/\">Mixed at Berkeley\u003c/a> — they have a program called The Curly Hair Chronicles, where people talk about their curly hair experiences and how to properly deal with curly and textured hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894817\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11894817\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4019-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4019-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4019-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4019-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4019-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4019-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/IMG_4019-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Katrina Bullock and friends who are part of Mixed at Berkeley, a club for mixed-race students. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Katrina Bullock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>CS: I wish I had that. One thing that's good is that my mom didn't chemically straighten [my or] my sister's hair. I always say how it looks like ‘Chaka Khan hair’ when it’s down. But I always wear it up, back from my face. I think it's because of the attention I got, not wanting that attention. When I went to private schools, I was objectified. I got a lot of attention for being mixed or not white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KB: Mixed people are obviously fetishized. I believe that’s a tool of like white supremacy to keep us kind of subjugated and not thinking about the racial hierarchy. Why has our idea of beauty been shaped around being ethnically ambiguous?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My mom actually doesn't talk about race as much as my dad did. Just recently, we had a conversation about colorism. I was just telling her [that] in Black communities, I benefit from colorism. But in Filipino communities, I'm more like the victim of colorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up [in] Filipino communities, it was like, “You need to have whitening lotion,” and “You need to pin your nose together so it doesn't look so wide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CS: I think that right now the next generation is looking at this stuff and talking about it more, because there are more of us. When I hear Katrina, I feel that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KB: Camille, thank you so much for sharing your story. I absolutely love talking to people who are of the same mix because I think it just showcases how diverse the mixed community is. We come from the same racial background, her parents are of the same race [as my parents], but we have such different experiences growing up in different parts of the states during a different era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"hearken","attributes":{"named":{"id":"7528","src":"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/7528.js","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11894797/what-does-it-mean-to-be-mixed-a-conversation-between-generations","authors":["254","3239"],"programs":["news_72","news_26731"],"categories":["news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_28877","news_20855","news_5056","news_28094","news_32533","news_28093","news_20219","news_19970","news_38","news_30181","news_17597"],"featImg":"news_11894840","label":"news_26731"},"news_11894597":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11894597","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11894597","score":null,"sort":[1636149085000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-are-you-artist-kip-fulbeck-gives-mixed-race-people-a-chance-to-answer-in-their-own-words","title":"'What Are You?' Artist Kip Fulbeck Gives Mixed-Race People a Chance to Answer in Their Own Words","publishDate":1636149085,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report Magazine | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":26731,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/mixed-race\">\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">This post is part of a \u003c/i>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">series of stories\u003c/i>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\"> featured on this week's episode of The California Report Magazine about the experience of being mixed race.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What are you?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"More From the California Report's 'Mixed' Series\" postID=\"news_11894632,news_11894797\"]It’s a question that artist \u003ca href=\"https://kipfulbeck.com/\">Kip Fulbeck\u003c/a> has heard since childhood. He’s not alone: Most mixed-race people get asked that question all the time. The answer can be complicated, and for multiracial folks who straddle many identities, just being asked the question can feel isolating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, as Fulbeck has explored throughout his career, it can also feel invigorating and rich to belong to multiple communities, and to celebrate that complexity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than two decades, Fulbeck, a filmmaker and a professor of art at UC Santa Barbara, has traveled around the country to photograph other mixed-race people and let them answer the question “What are you?” in their own words. His two most famous exhibits, \"\u003ca href=\"https://hapa.me/\">The Hapa Project\u003c/a>\" and \"Mixed: Portraits of Multiracial Kids,\" both were both featured exhibitions at the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3_WmP5zEPI&t=2s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hapa Project featured hundreds of identically composed portraits, all shot from the collarbone up, of mixed-race people. Accompanying captions, written in the photo subjects’ own handwriting, featured answers to the question “What are you?” in their own words. Fifteen years later, he followed up and photographed 130 of those participants, to show not only their physical changes over time, but also their differences in perspective and outlook on a rapidly changing world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fulbeck also published a book, “\u003ca href=\"https://janmstore.com/products/hapa-me-catalog\">hapa.me\u003c/a>,” to capture these responses. His book “Mixed: Portraits of Multiracial Kids,” featured a forward by Barack Obama’s sister, Maya Soetero-Ng, and an afterward by Cher, known for her famous song “Half-Breed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894610\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11894610 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"Two portraits, side-by-side, of a shirtless man from the collarbone up. The man describes his ethnicity as Black and Japanese. On the left, his hair is black, and his face is bare. On the right, 15 years later, his hair is streaked with white and he sports a salt-and-pepper goatee. \" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-800x576.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-1020x735.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-1536x1107.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-1920x1383.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3.jpg 1950w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Selections from Kip Fulbeck's \"The Hapa Project,\" which has exhibited at the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kip Fulbeck)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fulbeck sat down with The California Report Magazine to reflect on his work as part of our project probing the mixed-race experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that growing up with a Chinese mom and white American dad, he often felt out of place. At home, he was the only one of his siblings who was mixed race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I grew up in a very Chinese household where Cantonese was spoken. And we spent every weekend in Chinatown, in LA,” he said. “I grew up as the ... ‘white kid.’ I didn't speak [the] language, didn't like the food, didn't get the culture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894750\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11894750 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"A man who describes himself as mixed race poses for a studio-style photo against a light gray background. He's got shoulder-length black hair and is smiling wide, in a blue collared shirt with his arms crossed, holding a microphone. He has "sleeve" tattoos visible because his shirt cuffs are rolled up just a bit. He holds a microphone in one hand.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photographer and filmmaker Kip Fulbeck. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kip Fulbeck)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And then in school, Fulbeck said, “I was the only Asian kid. And so I had no real cultural footing.” He remembers being bullied for being Chinese, when the Chinese community didn’t seem to accept him either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That created a sense of isolation, and for Fulbeck, not even his family could relate to his experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you're mixed, your parents don't get to tell you what it was like. They don't get to say, ‘When I was a kid, it was like this,’ because they don't know,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fulbeck said he struggled as a kid whenever he was asked to fill out a form detailing his race. Back then, those forms didn’t let you choose more than one racial background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get that questionnaire, the ‘check one box,’ which is ridiculous,” said Fulbeck. “[For] a 7-year-old to have to pick Mom or Dad is not a fair question. I remember being a little kid thinking like, ‘Well, do I love my dad today or my mom?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That isolation helped spark his portrait series, “The Hapa Project,” where Fulbeck photographed mixed-race people and let them define who they are with a handwritten caption authored by each photo subject. Hapa is a Hawaiian word for “part.” It’s used in Hawaii to describe people who are part Asian or Pacific Islander, though since Fulbeck first debuted his project in 2001, there’s been heated debate over whether the term should be used more generally to define mixed-race people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894608\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11894608 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"Two portraits of the same shirtless woman taken from the collarbone up. On the left, her hair is long and black, reaching past her shoulders. On the right, 15 years later, her hair is shorter and just below her ears. Her hair is wavy in both. \" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-800x576.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-1020x735.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-1536x1107.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-1920x1383.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5.jpg 1950w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Each participant in \"The Hapa Project\" could write a caption about themselves in their own handwriting, in response to the question \"What are you?\" Artist Kip Fulbeck revisited those same subjects 15 years later for an update on how their perspectives on their identities had changed. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kip Fulbeck)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Traveling around the U.S. for The Hapa Project, Fulbeck found that mixed-race people were eager to write their own stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one gets to tell you who you are,” Fulbeck said. “And people, if you don't define yourself, people define you and they don't do a good job of it and it doesn't really work. So I always say it's kind of your responsibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years Fulbeck has undertaken this work, mixed-race people — and the idea of mixed-race identity — have become more visible in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, Kamala Harris became the first Black person and first Asian American to be sworn in as vice president. And according to data from the latest U.S. Census, California saw a 217.3% increase in people who identify with two or more races from 2010 to 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as a kid in the 1970s, Fulbeck had to turn to fictional characters to see himself reflected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The funny one that sticks out to me as a child was 'Star Trek,' the original series,” said Fulbeck. “They always took Spock and would say, ‘Are you human or Vulcan?’\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/02/27/389589676/leonard-nimoys-advice-to-a-biracial-girl-in-1968#:~:text=In%20a%20letter%20addressed%20to,the%20girl%20named%20F.C.%20wrote.\"> and he would say, ‘I’m both.’\u003c/a> I remember being a kid going, ‘I get that.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-11894606 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"Two portraits of a shirtless woman from her collarbone up. On the left she sports frizzy dark brown hair that has volume. In the right photo, taken 15 years later, her hair is white and close-cropped. She's smiling in both photos.\" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-800x576.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-1020x735.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-1536x1107.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-1920x1383.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1.jpg 1950w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fulbeck said mixed-race people are often left out of — or not fully let into — their own communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are defining you according to this boundary, that you have to be ‘this much’ this,” said Fulbeck. “You have to speak this language. You have to take off your shoes, whatever it is. It's like if you're going to go off those definitions, then you're going to be in a world of hurt. You have to find your own way to define yourself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[hearken id=\"7528\" src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/7528.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Perceptions of mixed-race people have changed over the years, which Fulbeck explores in his decade-spanning work.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1636154590,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1126},"headData":{"title":"'What Are You?' Artist Kip Fulbeck Gives Mixed-Race People a Chance to Answer in Their Own Words | KQED","description":"Perceptions of mixed-race people have changed over the years, which Fulbeck explores in his decade-spanning work.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11894597 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11894597","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/11/05/what-are-you-artist-kip-fulbeck-gives-mixed-race-people-a-chance-to-answer-in-their-own-words/","disqusTitle":"'What Are You?' Artist Kip Fulbeck Gives Mixed-Race People a Chance to Answer in Their Own Words","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/04b4fc2a-cc58-45f3-b538-add60171dbbb/audio.mp3","nprByline":"Marisa Lagos and Sasha Khokha ","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11894597/what-are-you-artist-kip-fulbeck-gives-mixed-race-people-a-chance-to-answer-in-their-own-words","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/mixed-race\">\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">This post is part of a \u003c/i>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">series of stories\u003c/i>\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\"> featured on this week's episode of The California Report Magazine about the experience of being mixed race.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What are you?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More From the California Report's 'Mixed' Series ","postid":"news_11894632,news_11894797"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>It’s a question that artist \u003ca href=\"https://kipfulbeck.com/\">Kip Fulbeck\u003c/a> has heard since childhood. He’s not alone: Most mixed-race people get asked that question all the time. The answer can be complicated, and for multiracial folks who straddle many identities, just being asked the question can feel isolating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, as Fulbeck has explored throughout his career, it can also feel invigorating and rich to belong to multiple communities, and to celebrate that complexity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than two decades, Fulbeck, a filmmaker and a professor of art at UC Santa Barbara, has traveled around the country to photograph other mixed-race people and let them answer the question “What are you?” in their own words. His two most famous exhibits, \"\u003ca href=\"https://hapa.me/\">The Hapa Project\u003c/a>\" and \"Mixed: Portraits of Multiracial Kids,\" both were both featured exhibitions at the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/K3_WmP5zEPI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/K3_WmP5zEPI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The Hapa Project featured hundreds of identically composed portraits, all shot from the collarbone up, of mixed-race people. Accompanying captions, written in the photo subjects’ own handwriting, featured answers to the question “What are you?” in their own words. Fifteen years later, he followed up and photographed 130 of those participants, to show not only their physical changes over time, but also their differences in perspective and outlook on a rapidly changing world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fulbeck also published a book, “\u003ca href=\"https://janmstore.com/products/hapa-me-catalog\">hapa.me\u003c/a>,” to capture these responses. His book “Mixed: Portraits of Multiracial Kids,” featured a forward by Barack Obama’s sister, Maya Soetero-Ng, and an afterward by Cher, known for her famous song “Half-Breed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894610\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11894610 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"Two portraits, side-by-side, of a shirtless man from the collarbone up. The man describes his ethnicity as Black and Japanese. On the left, his hair is black, and his face is bare. On the right, 15 years later, his hair is streaked with white and he sports a salt-and-pepper goatee. \" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-800x576.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-1020x735.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-1536x1107.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3-1920x1383.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_3.jpg 1950w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Selections from Kip Fulbeck's \"The Hapa Project,\" which has exhibited at the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kip Fulbeck)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fulbeck sat down with The California Report Magazine to reflect on his work as part of our project probing the mixed-race experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that growing up with a Chinese mom and white American dad, he often felt out of place. At home, he was the only one of his siblings who was mixed race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I grew up in a very Chinese household where Cantonese was spoken. And we spent every weekend in Chinatown, in LA,” he said. “I grew up as the ... ‘white kid.’ I didn't speak [the] language, didn't like the food, didn't get the culture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894750\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11894750 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"A man who describes himself as mixed race poses for a studio-style photo against a light gray background. He's got shoulder-length black hair and is smiling wide, in a blue collared shirt with his arms crossed, holding a microphone. He has "sleeve" tattoos visible because his shirt cuffs are rolled up just a bit. He holds a microphone in one hand.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Kip-Fulbeck-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photographer and filmmaker Kip Fulbeck. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kip Fulbeck)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And then in school, Fulbeck said, “I was the only Asian kid. And so I had no real cultural footing.” He remembers being bullied for being Chinese, when the Chinese community didn’t seem to accept him either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That created a sense of isolation, and for Fulbeck, not even his family could relate to his experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you're mixed, your parents don't get to tell you what it was like. They don't get to say, ‘When I was a kid, it was like this,’ because they don't know,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fulbeck said he struggled as a kid whenever he was asked to fill out a form detailing his race. Back then, those forms didn’t let you choose more than one racial background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get that questionnaire, the ‘check one box,’ which is ridiculous,” said Fulbeck. “[For] a 7-year-old to have to pick Mom or Dad is not a fair question. I remember being a little kid thinking like, ‘Well, do I love my dad today or my mom?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That isolation helped spark his portrait series, “The Hapa Project,” where Fulbeck photographed mixed-race people and let them define who they are with a handwritten caption authored by each photo subject. Hapa is a Hawaiian word for “part.” It’s used in Hawaii to describe people who are part Asian or Pacific Islander, though since Fulbeck first debuted his project in 2001, there’s been heated debate over whether the term should be used more generally to define mixed-race people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11894608\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11894608 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"Two portraits of the same shirtless woman taken from the collarbone up. On the left, her hair is long and black, reaching past her shoulders. On the right, 15 years later, her hair is shorter and just below her ears. Her hair is wavy in both. \" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-800x576.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-1020x735.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-1536x1107.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5-1920x1383.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_5.jpg 1950w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Each participant in \"The Hapa Project\" could write a caption about themselves in their own handwriting, in response to the question \"What are you?\" Artist Kip Fulbeck revisited those same subjects 15 years later for an update on how their perspectives on their identities had changed. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kip Fulbeck)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Traveling around the U.S. for The Hapa Project, Fulbeck found that mixed-race people were eager to write their own stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one gets to tell you who you are,” Fulbeck said. “And people, if you don't define yourself, people define you and they don't do a good job of it and it doesn't really work. So I always say it's kind of your responsibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years Fulbeck has undertaken this work, mixed-race people — and the idea of mixed-race identity — have become more visible in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, Kamala Harris became the first Black person and first Asian American to be sworn in as vice president. And according to data from the latest U.S. Census, California saw a 217.3% increase in people who identify with two or more races from 2010 to 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as a kid in the 1970s, Fulbeck had to turn to fictional characters to see himself reflected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The funny one that sticks out to me as a child was 'Star Trek,' the original series,” said Fulbeck. “They always took Spock and would say, ‘Are you human or Vulcan?’\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/02/27/389589676/leonard-nimoys-advice-to-a-biracial-girl-in-1968#:~:text=In%20a%20letter%20addressed%20to,the%20girl%20named%20F.C.%20wrote.\"> and he would say, ‘I’m both.’\u003c/a> I remember being a kid going, ‘I get that.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-11894606 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"Two portraits of a shirtless woman from her collarbone up. On the left she sports frizzy dark brown hair that has volume. In the right photo, taken 15 years later, her hair is white and close-cropped. She's smiling in both photos.\" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-800x576.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-1020x735.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-1536x1107.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1-1920x1383.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Fulbeck_4-1.jpg 1950w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fulbeck said mixed-race people are often left out of — or not fully let into — their own communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are defining you according to this boundary, that you have to be ‘this much’ this,” said Fulbeck. “You have to speak this language. You have to take off your shoes, whatever it is. It's like if you're going to go off those definitions, then you're going to be in a world of hurt. You have to find your own way to define yourself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"hearken","attributes":{"named":{"id":"7528","src":"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/7528.js","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11894597/what-are-you-artist-kip-fulbeck-gives-mixed-race-people-a-chance-to-answer-in-their-own-words","authors":["byline_news_11894597"],"programs":["news_72","news_26731"],"categories":["news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_482","news_29069","news_28094","news_30176","news_30175","news_28093","news_2672","news_20219","news_6375"],"featImg":"news_11894603","label":"news_26731"},"news_11870309":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11870309","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11870309","score":null,"sort":[1626469649000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"as-high-school-ethnic-studies-bill-advances-some-bay-area-schools-are-ahead-of-the-curve","title":"As High School Ethnic Studies Bill Advances, Some Bay Area Schools Are Ahead of the Curve","publishDate":1626469649,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A bill that cleared another hurdle in the Legislature this week would make a one-semester ethnic studies class a graduation requirement for California high school students, beginning with those graduating in the 2029-30 school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB101\">Assembly Bill 101\u003c/a>, authored by Assemblymember Jose Medina, D-Riverside, would require public schools to offer at least one ethnic studies course starting in the 2025-26 school year. The Senate Education Committee passed the measure Wednesday by a 4-2 vote. It heads to the Senate Appropriations Committee next month. If the Senate passes the bill — which was already approved by the Assembly on May 27 — Gov. Gavin Newsom could sign it into law by Oct. 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure was first introduced in January 2019 as \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB331\">AB 331\u003c/a>, but Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2020/gov-newsom-vetoes-requirement-for-ethnic-studies-course-in-high-school/640877\">unexpectedly vetoed\u003c/a> it last September, saying the ethnic studies model curriculum needed revising. Medina reintroduced the bill as AB 101 in December — and the California State Board of Education passed an \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/after-8-hours-250-plus-speakers-california-board-adopts-ethnic-studies-model-curriculum/651641\">ethnic studies model curriculum\u003c/a> in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11865712]The model curriculum is voluntary for school districts to adopt and is intended to build upon classes already offered in high schools across the state. It will serve as a guide for schools and lays out the goals and principles of ethnic studies, suggested lesson plans, and instructional approaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond said in March that he recognized the importance of introducing a non-ethnocentric curriculum that would teach students of color about their history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the killing of George Floyd, we sought to provide support to our students for the trauma that the nation, that the world had witnessed,” Thurmond said. “Our students said to us that they wanted to see representations of themselves. They asked us why they didn’t learn about their own histories in school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 101 has the support of organizations such as the California Teachers Association, the Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities and GENup, a student-led advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a big step, no doubt,\" Medina said during Wednesday's hearing. \"I think it is something that is overdue in the state and in this country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican Sen. Brian Dahle, who sits on the education committee and represents the state's far-northeastern region, worries AB 101 would put rural school districts at a disadvantage as they might not have the resources or expertise to put together an ethnic studies curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This bill is going to come into law, and then there's not going to be anything other than what has been proposed,\" Dahle said during the hearing. \"Let's talk about the timing of this bill and what curriculum will be available for the thousands of school districts in our state that don't have the resources to come up with this type of well-balanced curriculum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Medina said the bill would give school districts about four years to come up with a curriculum and pointed to the over-900-page state ethnic studies model curriculum districts can utilize.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Districts already moving ahead with ethnic studies\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Some school districts in the Bay Area and across the state aren't waiting for AB 101. The Los Gatos-Saratoga Union High School District is set to pilot its first ethnic studies class this fall — a course asking first-year students to examine power structures in topics like race, nationality, ethnicity and socioeconomic and cultural groups in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11830384 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/1495678.750x-672x372.png']At Saratoga High School, first-year students will have the option of taking either the new ethnic studies class or world geography for a semester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Davey, a social studies teacher at Saratoga High, co-created the ethnic studies class. He said he hopes students who take it can continue to address issues they’ll learn about, such as systemic racism and white privilege, throughout the rest of high school — and he emphasized the importance of allowing students to judge facts for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some kids may not believe [systemic racism and white privilege exist] when they come in, but if you give facts and say, 'You be the judge of these facts,' then hopefully they understand the problem,” Davey said. “And then they can work on a solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davey said his team drew on resources from experts, including the Oakland-based Equal Justice Society, an advocacy group focused on school discipline, the school-to-prison pipeline and inequities in the criminal justice system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Unified School District \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/about-sfusd/sfusd-news/current-news-sfusd/sfusd-adds-ethnic-studies-graduation-requirement\">announced in March\u003c/a> it will make at least two semesters of an ethnic studies class mandatory in its schools starting with the class of 2028.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles Unified School District — the largest in the state — and the Fresno Unified School District also have announced plans to require an ethnic studies course for graduation. LAUSD \u003ca href=\"https://abc7.com/lausd-los-angeles-board-of-education-unified-school-district-ethnic-studies/6390045/\">will require the course\u003c/a> as a graduation requirement by the 2023-24 school year, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/education-lab/article244950637.html\">FUSD\u003c/a> will require it beginning this upcoming school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at least one Bay Area high school has required an ethnic studies class long before current statewide efforts gained steam.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Lessons from Berkeley High, ethnic studies vanguard\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11881446\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11881446 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS48817_009_Berkeley_EthnicStudiesDanaMoran_04232021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman, hands in her sweatshirt pocket, stands outside the windowed front of a school.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS48817_009_Berkeley_EthnicStudiesDanaMoran_04232021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS48817_009_Berkeley_EthnicStudiesDanaMoran_04232021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS48817_009_Berkeley_EthnicStudiesDanaMoran_04232021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS48817_009_Berkeley_EthnicStudiesDanaMoran_04232021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS48817_009_Berkeley_EthnicStudiesDanaMoran_04232021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Berkeley Unified School District teacher Dana Moran, pictured outside Berkeley High School in April. Moran has taught ethnic studies at Berkeley High since 1993. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At Berkeley High School, ethnic studies has been a mandatory class for ninth grade students since 1990, after a group of parents, students and teachers fought to make the class a district requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ethnic studies class focuses on culture, race and immigration through sociological, political and historical lenses. It encourages students to make personal connections while investigating the history of current politics and global dynamics and themes of systemic racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dana Moran has been teaching ethnic studies at Berkeley High since 1993, and is now one of seven teachers who currently head seven separate ethnic studies courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In 1990, the board decided to make it a requirement for graduation, but they had no curriculum and no teachers,\" she said. \"It was given basically to every teacher who had a free period, so English teachers and the baseball and football coaches were both given an ethnic studies section. And it was, I think, a pretty unmitigated disaster at that point.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years after the board made ethnic studies a requirement, Berkeley High's principal made it his mission to hire a group of teachers for the class. Moran was one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Abby Sanchez, Berkeley High graduate\"]'[Ethnic studies] really helped me understand the history of the United States, not as a country that once was oppressive, and then changed — but rather how oppression has been part of U.S. history and still is.'[/pullquote]The class curricula undergo frequent revisions, and Moran said what is currently being taught at the school is very similar to the state’s ethnic studies model curriculum. But because ethnic studies is a one-semester class, there is not enough time to cover all the topics listed in the model curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moran acknowledged it is not possible to comprehensively dive into every racial group that Berkeley High’s body is composed of in one semester, but said the classes aim to be as inclusive as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We certainly invite students to check if we’re wrong or add things if they know something,” she said. “We try to make space for students to jump in and add things they know, want to say or feel like needs to be contributed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abby Sanchez, who graduated from Berkeley High in 2020 and now attends Barnard College in New York, took the ethnic studies class during her first year of high school with Courtney Anderson, a former Berkeley High teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said some of the topics she learned about for the first time had a big impact on her, topics including Jim Crow segregation laws, the war on drugs and housing accessibility for people of color, in addition to the history of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/18486/redlining\">redlining\u003c/a> in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really helped me understand the history of the United States, not as a country that once was oppressive, and then changed,” Sanchez said, “but rather, how oppression has been part of U.S. history and still is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='More Education Coverage' tag='education']The class also involved discussion on more sensitive issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I learned about Mexican repatriation, and as a Mexican-identifying person, it’s so hard to learn that,” she said, referring to the forced deportation of hundreds of thousands of Mexicans and Mexican Americans during the Great Depression, most of whom were U.S. citizens. “But, all my classmates were learning it with me. There were no classmates that were like, ‘Oh, this didn’t exist. This didn’t happen.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez also said that unlike a regular history class, she thought the ethnic studies course helped bridge a gap in historical context between when slavery began in the U.S. up until today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In comparison to the AP U.S. history class, there is so much more about lives today, so much more about the history of oppressed peoples and their story, because they’re neglected in everyday academia,” she said. “It's so easy to silence them, and then we just forget that it happened as a generation because we didn’t experience it. This class was really an important way to make sure their stories continue to be told.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexica Greco, who graduated from Berkeley High in June and plans to attend St. Olaf College in Minnesota this fall, also took Anderson's ethnic studies class her freshman year. Greco describes herself as mixed race, but predominantly Asian. She said she had been exposed before to many of the topics that were covered in the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a person of color, and my mom is an immigrant,” she said. “I’ve learned about my history from my mom and my dad, but I remember my classmates not really knowing much and sometimes asking me questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11881502\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1685px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11881502\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Greco.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1685\" height=\"1953\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Greco.jpg 1685w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Greco-800x927.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Greco-1020x1182.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Greco-160x185.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Greco-1325x1536.jpg 1325w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1685px) 100vw, 1685px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mexica Greco graduated from Berkeley High in June. She plans to attend St. Olaf College in Minnesota this fall. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Mexica Greco)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Greco said the class has made her more aware of the inequities that exist in society, to an extent, but she thinks it should be offered to upperclassmen as opposed to freshmen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just because it was a freshman class, it wasn’t as serious as it could have been,” Greco said. “If I took this class as a senior, I would have been able to understand a lot more. I personally think it was good in the moment for what it is, but a lot more could have been covered for an older group of kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Could Ethnic Studies Courses Actually Improve Student Outcomes?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://cepa.stanford.edu/content/causal-effects-cultural-relevance-evidence-ethnic-studies-curriculum\">2017 study\u003c/a> published by Thomas Dee, professor at Stanford University, and Emily Penner, assistant professor of education at UC Irvine, reinforces the growing movement for schools to offer ethnic studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study looked at outcomes for students of a ninth grade ethnic studies pilot class at several SFUSD high schools beginning in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students whose eighth grade GPA was below 2.0 were, by default, assigned to the ethnic studies class during their freshman year with the choice of opting out. The study observed end-of-ninth grade outcomes for these students, which Dee said was predictive of high school persistence, such as attendance, credit accumulation, GPA and graduation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dee and Penner’s study saw a jump in attendance and GPA, in addition to greater credit accumulation for students who took the ethnic studies class relative to those who were less likely to take the course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This evidence is suggesting that there’s considerable power in innovative curriculum and pedagogy, like those embedded in ethnic studies,” Dee said. “It’s probably been as influential as any research I’ve ever done. San Francisco Unified went to scale with their ethnic studies course in the wake of our findings. And I think it’s fair to say they contributed to some of the momentum for ethnic studies throughout California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dee and Penner have continued to track high school completion and college entrance outcomes for all students in the original study over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going beyond the immediate grade nine outcomes to seeing if ethnic studies leads to an increase in educational attainment, in particular, high school completion,\" Dee said. “It’s so important because one of the most well-documented facts in education policy is that graduating from high school has substantial, long-run benefits for kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results are expected to be released in a research publication in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the ethnic studies model curriculum will show its most promise in places where districts take the model curriculum as a point of departure both for adapting the curriculum to their local circumstances and to supporting teacher capacity to deliver it,\" Dee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A bill to make ethnic studies a California high school graduation requirement cleared another hurdle this week. Some Bay Area schools are already moving forward with classes — and others have offered them for decades.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1633745013,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":49,"wordCount":2235},"headData":{"title":"As High School Ethnic Studies Bill Advances, Some Bay Area Schools Are Ahead of the Curve | KQED","description":"A bill to make ethnic studies a California high school graduation requirement cleared another hurdle this week. Some Bay Area schools are already moving forward with classes — and others have offered them for decades.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11870309 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11870309","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/07/16/as-high-school-ethnic-studies-bill-advances-some-bay-area-schools-are-ahead-of-the-curve/","disqusTitle":"As High School Ethnic Studies Bill Advances, Some Bay Area Schools Are Ahead of the Curve","path":"/news/11870309/as-high-school-ethnic-studies-bill-advances-some-bay-area-schools-are-ahead-of-the-curve","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A bill that cleared another hurdle in the Legislature this week would make a one-semester ethnic studies class a graduation requirement for California high school students, beginning with those graduating in the 2029-30 school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB101\">Assembly Bill 101\u003c/a>, authored by Assemblymember Jose Medina, D-Riverside, would require public schools to offer at least one ethnic studies course starting in the 2025-26 school year. The Senate Education Committee passed the measure Wednesday by a 4-2 vote. It heads to the Senate Appropriations Committee next month. If the Senate passes the bill — which was already approved by the Assembly on May 27 — Gov. Gavin Newsom could sign it into law by Oct. 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure was first introduced in January 2019 as \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB331\">AB 331\u003c/a>, but Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2020/gov-newsom-vetoes-requirement-for-ethnic-studies-course-in-high-school/640877\">unexpectedly vetoed\u003c/a> it last September, saying the ethnic studies model curriculum needed revising. Medina reintroduced the bill as AB 101 in December — and the California State Board of Education passed an \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/after-8-hours-250-plus-speakers-california-board-adopts-ethnic-studies-model-curriculum/651641\">ethnic studies model curriculum\u003c/a> in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11865712","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The model curriculum is voluntary for school districts to adopt and is intended to build upon classes already offered in high schools across the state. It will serve as a guide for schools and lays out the goals and principles of ethnic studies, suggested lesson plans, and instructional approaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond said in March that he recognized the importance of introducing a non-ethnocentric curriculum that would teach students of color about their history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the killing of George Floyd, we sought to provide support to our students for the trauma that the nation, that the world had witnessed,” Thurmond said. “Our students said to us that they wanted to see representations of themselves. They asked us why they didn’t learn about their own histories in school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 101 has the support of organizations such as the California Teachers Association, the Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities and GENup, a student-led advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a big step, no doubt,\" Medina said during Wednesday's hearing. \"I think it is something that is overdue in the state and in this country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican Sen. Brian Dahle, who sits on the education committee and represents the state's far-northeastern region, worries AB 101 would put rural school districts at a disadvantage as they might not have the resources or expertise to put together an ethnic studies curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This bill is going to come into law, and then there's not going to be anything other than what has been proposed,\" Dahle said during the hearing. \"Let's talk about the timing of this bill and what curriculum will be available for the thousands of school districts in our state that don't have the resources to come up with this type of well-balanced curriculum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Medina said the bill would give school districts about four years to come up with a curriculum and pointed to the over-900-page state ethnic studies model curriculum districts can utilize.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Districts already moving ahead with ethnic studies\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Some school districts in the Bay Area and across the state aren't waiting for AB 101. The Los Gatos-Saratoga Union High School District is set to pilot its first ethnic studies class this fall — a course asking first-year students to examine power structures in topics like race, nationality, ethnicity and socioeconomic and cultural groups in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11830384","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/1495678.750x-672x372.png","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At Saratoga High School, first-year students will have the option of taking either the new ethnic studies class or world geography for a semester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Davey, a social studies teacher at Saratoga High, co-created the ethnic studies class. He said he hopes students who take it can continue to address issues they’ll learn about, such as systemic racism and white privilege, throughout the rest of high school — and he emphasized the importance of allowing students to judge facts for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some kids may not believe [systemic racism and white privilege exist] when they come in, but if you give facts and say, 'You be the judge of these facts,' then hopefully they understand the problem,” Davey said. “And then they can work on a solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davey said his team drew on resources from experts, including the Oakland-based Equal Justice Society, an advocacy group focused on school discipline, the school-to-prison pipeline and inequities in the criminal justice system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Unified School District \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/about-sfusd/sfusd-news/current-news-sfusd/sfusd-adds-ethnic-studies-graduation-requirement\">announced in March\u003c/a> it will make at least two semesters of an ethnic studies class mandatory in its schools starting with the class of 2028.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles Unified School District — the largest in the state — and the Fresno Unified School District also have announced plans to require an ethnic studies course for graduation. LAUSD \u003ca href=\"https://abc7.com/lausd-los-angeles-board-of-education-unified-school-district-ethnic-studies/6390045/\">will require the course\u003c/a> as a graduation requirement by the 2023-24 school year, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/education-lab/article244950637.html\">FUSD\u003c/a> will require it beginning this upcoming school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at least one Bay Area high school has required an ethnic studies class long before current statewide efforts gained steam.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Lessons from Berkeley High, ethnic studies vanguard\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11881446\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11881446 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS48817_009_Berkeley_EthnicStudiesDanaMoran_04232021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman, hands in her sweatshirt pocket, stands outside the windowed front of a school.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS48817_009_Berkeley_EthnicStudiesDanaMoran_04232021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS48817_009_Berkeley_EthnicStudiesDanaMoran_04232021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS48817_009_Berkeley_EthnicStudiesDanaMoran_04232021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS48817_009_Berkeley_EthnicStudiesDanaMoran_04232021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS48817_009_Berkeley_EthnicStudiesDanaMoran_04232021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Berkeley Unified School District teacher Dana Moran, pictured outside Berkeley High School in April. Moran has taught ethnic studies at Berkeley High since 1993. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At Berkeley High School, ethnic studies has been a mandatory class for ninth grade students since 1990, after a group of parents, students and teachers fought to make the class a district requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ethnic studies class focuses on culture, race and immigration through sociological, political and historical lenses. It encourages students to make personal connections while investigating the history of current politics and global dynamics and themes of systemic racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dana Moran has been teaching ethnic studies at Berkeley High since 1993, and is now one of seven teachers who currently head seven separate ethnic studies courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In 1990, the board decided to make it a requirement for graduation, but they had no curriculum and no teachers,\" she said. \"It was given basically to every teacher who had a free period, so English teachers and the baseball and football coaches were both given an ethnic studies section. And it was, I think, a pretty unmitigated disaster at that point.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years after the board made ethnic studies a requirement, Berkeley High's principal made it his mission to hire a group of teachers for the class. Moran was one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'[Ethnic studies] really helped me understand the history of the United States, not as a country that once was oppressive, and then changed — but rather how oppression has been part of U.S. history and still is.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Abby Sanchez, Berkeley High graduate","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The class curricula undergo frequent revisions, and Moran said what is currently being taught at the school is very similar to the state’s ethnic studies model curriculum. But because ethnic studies is a one-semester class, there is not enough time to cover all the topics listed in the model curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moran acknowledged it is not possible to comprehensively dive into every racial group that Berkeley High’s body is composed of in one semester, but said the classes aim to be as inclusive as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We certainly invite students to check if we’re wrong or add things if they know something,” she said. “We try to make space for students to jump in and add things they know, want to say or feel like needs to be contributed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abby Sanchez, who graduated from Berkeley High in 2020 and now attends Barnard College in New York, took the ethnic studies class during her first year of high school with Courtney Anderson, a former Berkeley High teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said some of the topics she learned about for the first time had a big impact on her, topics including Jim Crow segregation laws, the war on drugs and housing accessibility for people of color, in addition to the history of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/18486/redlining\">redlining\u003c/a> in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really helped me understand the history of the United States, not as a country that once was oppressive, and then changed,” Sanchez said, “but rather, how oppression has been part of U.S. history and still is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Education Coverage ","tag":"education"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The class also involved discussion on more sensitive issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I learned about Mexican repatriation, and as a Mexican-identifying person, it’s so hard to learn that,” she said, referring to the forced deportation of hundreds of thousands of Mexicans and Mexican Americans during the Great Depression, most of whom were U.S. citizens. “But, all my classmates were learning it with me. There were no classmates that were like, ‘Oh, this didn’t exist. This didn’t happen.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez also said that unlike a regular history class, she thought the ethnic studies course helped bridge a gap in historical context between when slavery began in the U.S. up until today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In comparison to the AP U.S. history class, there is so much more about lives today, so much more about the history of oppressed peoples and their story, because they’re neglected in everyday academia,” she said. “It's so easy to silence them, and then we just forget that it happened as a generation because we didn’t experience it. This class was really an important way to make sure their stories continue to be told.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexica Greco, who graduated from Berkeley High in June and plans to attend St. Olaf College in Minnesota this fall, also took Anderson's ethnic studies class her freshman year. Greco describes herself as mixed race, but predominantly Asian. She said she had been exposed before to many of the topics that were covered in the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a person of color, and my mom is an immigrant,” she said. “I’ve learned about my history from my mom and my dad, but I remember my classmates not really knowing much and sometimes asking me questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11881502\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1685px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11881502\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Greco.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1685\" height=\"1953\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Greco.jpg 1685w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Greco-800x927.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Greco-1020x1182.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Greco-160x185.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Greco-1325x1536.jpg 1325w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1685px) 100vw, 1685px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mexica Greco graduated from Berkeley High in June. She plans to attend St. Olaf College in Minnesota this fall. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Mexica Greco)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Greco said the class has made her more aware of the inequities that exist in society, to an extent, but she thinks it should be offered to upperclassmen as opposed to freshmen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just because it was a freshman class, it wasn’t as serious as it could have been,” Greco said. “If I took this class as a senior, I would have been able to understand a lot more. I personally think it was good in the moment for what it is, but a lot more could have been covered for an older group of kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Could Ethnic Studies Courses Actually Improve Student Outcomes?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://cepa.stanford.edu/content/causal-effects-cultural-relevance-evidence-ethnic-studies-curriculum\">2017 study\u003c/a> published by Thomas Dee, professor at Stanford University, and Emily Penner, assistant professor of education at UC Irvine, reinforces the growing movement for schools to offer ethnic studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study looked at outcomes for students of a ninth grade ethnic studies pilot class at several SFUSD high schools beginning in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students whose eighth grade GPA was below 2.0 were, by default, assigned to the ethnic studies class during their freshman year with the choice of opting out. The study observed end-of-ninth grade outcomes for these students, which Dee said was predictive of high school persistence, such as attendance, credit accumulation, GPA and graduation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dee and Penner’s study saw a jump in attendance and GPA, in addition to greater credit accumulation for students who took the ethnic studies class relative to those who were less likely to take the course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This evidence is suggesting that there’s considerable power in innovative curriculum and pedagogy, like those embedded in ethnic studies,” Dee said. “It’s probably been as influential as any research I’ve ever done. San Francisco Unified went to scale with their ethnic studies course in the wake of our findings. And I think it’s fair to say they contributed to some of the momentum for ethnic studies throughout California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dee and Penner have continued to track high school completion and college entrance outcomes for all students in the original study over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going beyond the immediate grade nine outcomes to seeing if ethnic studies leads to an increase in educational attainment, in particular, high school completion,\" Dee said. “It’s so important because one of the most well-documented facts in education policy is that graduating from high school has substantial, long-run benefits for kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results are expected to be released in a research publication in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the ethnic studies model curriculum will show its most promise in places where districts take the model curriculum as a point of departure both for adapting the curriculum to their local circumstances and to supporting teacher capacity to deliver it,\" Dee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11870309/as-high-school-ethnic-studies-bill-advances-some-bay-area-schools-are-ahead-of-the-curve","authors":["11730"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_1101","news_18538","news_20013","news_19203","news_29533","news_20219","news_19216","news_3946","news_29681","news_1290"],"featImg":"news_11871239","label":"news"},"news_11881139":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11881139","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11881139","score":null,"sort":[1626298826000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-wounds-go-back-really-far-olympic-surfing-exposes-whitewashed-native-hawaiian-roots","title":"'The Wounds Go Back Really Far': Olympic Surfing Exposes Whitewashed Native Hawaiian Roots","publishDate":1626298826,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>For some Native Hawaiians, surfing's Olympic debut is both a celebration of a cultural touchstone invented by their ancestors, and an extension of the racial indignities seared into the history of the game and their homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tokyo Summer Games, which open July 23, serve as a proxy for that unresolved tension and resentment, according to the ethnic Hawaiians who lament that surfing and their identity have been culturally appropriated by white outsiders who now stand to benefit the most from the $10 billion industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You had Native Hawaiians in the background being a part of the development of it and just not being really recognized,\" said Isaiah Helekunihi Walker, a Hawaii historian and activist. \"There's an element of them taking over. That's when there's no more aloha.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Indigenous people of Hawaii traditionally viewed the act of stylishly riding ocean waves on a board for fun and competition as a spiritual art form and egalitarian national pastime that connected them to the land and sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White European settlers who first learned of the sport when they arrived to the island both vilified and capitalized on the sport. Christian missionaries disapproved of the nudity on display, yet white businessmen later ran a whites-only surf club on Waikiki beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Carissa Moore, reigning female world champion and the only ethnically Hawaiian Olympic surfer\"]'The hurt and the wounds go back really far. I usually compete under the Hawaii flag all year ... I think that I can still represent both [the U.S. and Hawaii], even if I'm not wearing the flag on my sleeve. I'm wearing it on my heart.'[/pullquote]Today, white people are still seen as the leaders and authorities of the sport globally, as surfing's evolution is now a legacy shaped by white perspectives: from practically Native Hawaiian birthright to censured water activity, and California counterculture symbol to global professional sports league.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine if the Hollywood version of yoga became an Olympic sport, and by default overshadowed its roots in India, whitewashing the original cultural flavor into a white Californian trope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's the paradox and hypocrisy of colonization,\" said Walker, a BYU-Hawaii history professor who is Native Hawaiian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White settlers first arrived on the island in the 1700s, bringing with them disease that nearly wiped out the Native Hawaiian population, conquest to take over the land and its bounty of natural resources, and racist attitudes that relegated the Indigenous population to second-class citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though it was three Native Hawaiian princes who first showed off surfing to the mainland in 1885 during a visit to Santa Cruz, white businessmen are credited with selling surfing and Hawaii as an exotic tourism commodity for the wealthy. That trajectory has since manifested into a professional sports league largely fronted by white athletes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11765719\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38279_three-princes-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"407\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11765719\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38279_three-princes-qut.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38279_three-princes-qut-160x271.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Three Hawaiian princes – brothers David Kawānanakoa, Edward Keliʻiahonui and Jonah Kalanianaʻole – pictured while students at St. Matthews Hall in San Mateo. In July of 1885, they rode the first waves ever surfed in California. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Hawaii State Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the Native Hawaiians never gave up their sport, and by the 1970s, there was a full-blown racial clash around surfing with well-documented fights in the ocean. The issue pitted Native Hawaiians and some white residents who grew up among them against the white Californian and Australian surfers who sought to exclude locals from the world's best waves on their very own turf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An infamous brawl involved a trash-talking Australian surfer named Wayne \"Rabbit\" Bartholomew, who was battered and humbled by the locals. The surfing world's reverence for Hawaii and Native Hawaiians was cemented. Bartholomew would go on to run the Association of Surfing Professionals, an earlier iteration of the current pro league.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I treaded lightly in light of what they went through because there was an internalization that this is something that was stolen from them,\" said Richard Schmidt, who was among the white Californian pro surfers on the scene in that era. \"You're never a complete surfer until you prove yourself in Hawaii.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet critics say the business and branding aspect of the sport and lifestyle largely remained white-centered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When surfing started to become really popular, that triggered money and that triggered business people and things we'd never thought we'd have to deal with as people who surf in Hawaii,\" said Walter Ritte, a longtime Native Hawaiian activist. \"There's no doubt that the control is not here in Hawaii.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Hawaii Kingdom National Team?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The effort to take back surfing's narrative is why sovereignty activists applied for a Hawaii Kingdom national team to compete at the Olympics. Their longshot request hinges on the fact that they say there was no ratified treaty that ever formally dissolved Hawaii's autonomy. The United States annexed Hawaii in 1898 after the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy by U.S.-backed forces in 1893.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement from the International Olympic Committee, which has ignored the request, noted only that applicants must be an \"independent state recognized by the international community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11765699]This geopolitical dynamic will be on display when Carissa Moore and John John Florence are in the surf zone to compete for the U.S. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither is eager to discuss their views on the matter but they are two of professional surfing's biggest stars who have long competed under the Hawaii flag in the pro league, as the World Surf League recognizes Hawaii as a \"sovereign surfing nation.\" Moore as the reigning female world champion is also the only Olympic surfer who is ethnically Hawaiian. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The hurt and the wounds go back really far,\" Moore said. \"I usually compete under the Hawaii flag all year with the WSL. ... For me, that's not a huge focus right now. I think that I can still represent both, even if I'm not wearing the flag on my sleeve. I'm wearing it on my heart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11881222\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50220_GettyImages-1176261337-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1308\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11881222\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50220_GettyImages-1176261337-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50220_GettyImages-1176261337-qut-800x545.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50220_GettyImages-1176261337-qut-1020x695.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50220_GettyImages-1176261337-qut-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50220_GettyImages-1176261337-qut-1536x1046.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carissa Moore, pictured during a 2019 competition in Lemoore, California. \u003ccite>(Sean M. Haffey/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tatiana Weston-Webb, a white woman who grew up in Hawaii and will surf for her mother's native Brazil at the Olympics, said Native Hawaiians deserve more recognition but rejected the idea that they are disrespected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think that they're being overshadowed,\" Weston-Webb said. \"It just depends on how you look at the situation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fernando Aguerre as president of the International Surfing Association, the Olympic governing body for surfing, pledged to honor Hawaii and Duke Kahanamoku, the godfather of modern surfing, during the Games. Like many surfing industry leaders, Aguerre, who is from Argentina, invokes the legend of Kahanamoku often, even noting that he named his son after the Native Hawaiian icon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11881214\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Duke_Kahanamoku.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"717\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11881214\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Duke_Kahanamoku.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Duke_Kahanamoku-160x143.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Duke Kahanamoku, a Native Hawaiian swimmer who won five Olympic medals and is known as the godfather of modern surfing who introduced the sport in exhibitions in Australia and California, pictured circa 1912. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kahanamoku was an Olympic swimmer who won five medals and introduced the sport via surfing exhibitions in places like California, New Jersey, Australia, New Zealand and Europe. He lobbied the IOC at the 1912 Summer Games in Stockholm to include it in the Olympics, and was the ultimate waterman, whose legacy also includes popularizing flutter swimming kicks and spreading the concept of lifeguarding and water rescue to the masses. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everything we do has a connection to Hawaii. I think it's impossible to detach Hawaiianness from surfing,\" Aguerre said. \"The ocean doesn't really care about hate, war or governments. Surfing is that way, too.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Didi Robello, a descendant of Kahanamoku, said none of his family members have been contacted to participate in any Olympic celebrations. He said his grand-uncle's name and legacy are exploited, which has become a great source of pain for the family because the trademark rights to the Kahanamoku name are owned by outsiders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're getting ripped off,\" Robello said. \"It's embarrassing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Olympics serve as a proxy for unresolved tension and resentment, according to the Native Hawaiians who lament cultural appropriation by white outsiders who stand to benefit the most from the $10 billion industry.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1626300864,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1351},"headData":{"title":"'The Wounds Go Back Really Far': Olympic Surfing Exposes Whitewashed Native Hawaiian Roots | KQED","description":"The Olympics serve as a proxy for unresolved tension and resentment, according to the Native Hawaiians who lament cultural appropriation by white outsiders who stand to benefit the most from the $10 billion industry.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11881139 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11881139","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/07/14/the-wounds-go-back-really-far-olympic-surfing-exposes-whitewashed-native-hawaiian-roots/","disqusTitle":"'The Wounds Go Back Really Far': Olympic Surfing Exposes Whitewashed Native Hawaiian Roots","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"http://twitter.com/_sallyho\">Sally Ho\u003c/a> \u003cbr> The Associated Press","path":"/news/11881139/the-wounds-go-back-really-far-olympic-surfing-exposes-whitewashed-native-hawaiian-roots","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For some Native Hawaiians, surfing's Olympic debut is both a celebration of a cultural touchstone invented by their ancestors, and an extension of the racial indignities seared into the history of the game and their homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tokyo Summer Games, which open July 23, serve as a proxy for that unresolved tension and resentment, according to the ethnic Hawaiians who lament that surfing and their identity have been culturally appropriated by white outsiders who now stand to benefit the most from the $10 billion industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You had Native Hawaiians in the background being a part of the development of it and just not being really recognized,\" said Isaiah Helekunihi Walker, a Hawaii historian and activist. \"There's an element of them taking over. That's when there's no more aloha.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Indigenous people of Hawaii traditionally viewed the act of stylishly riding ocean waves on a board for fun and competition as a spiritual art form and egalitarian national pastime that connected them to the land and sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White European settlers who first learned of the sport when they arrived to the island both vilified and capitalized on the sport. Christian missionaries disapproved of the nudity on display, yet white businessmen later ran a whites-only surf club on Waikiki beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'The hurt and the wounds go back really far. I usually compete under the Hawaii flag all year ... I think that I can still represent both [the U.S. and Hawaii], even if I'm not wearing the flag on my sleeve. I'm wearing it on my heart.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Carissa Moore, reigning female world champion and the only ethnically Hawaiian Olympic surfer","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Today, white people are still seen as the leaders and authorities of the sport globally, as surfing's evolution is now a legacy shaped by white perspectives: from practically Native Hawaiian birthright to censured water activity, and California counterculture symbol to global professional sports league.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine if the Hollywood version of yoga became an Olympic sport, and by default overshadowed its roots in India, whitewashing the original cultural flavor into a white Californian trope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's the paradox and hypocrisy of colonization,\" said Walker, a BYU-Hawaii history professor who is Native Hawaiian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White settlers first arrived on the island in the 1700s, bringing with them disease that nearly wiped out the Native Hawaiian population, conquest to take over the land and its bounty of natural resources, and racist attitudes that relegated the Indigenous population to second-class citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though it was three Native Hawaiian princes who first showed off surfing to the mainland in 1885 during a visit to Santa Cruz, white businessmen are credited with selling surfing and Hawaii as an exotic tourism commodity for the wealthy. That trajectory has since manifested into a professional sports league largely fronted by white athletes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11765719\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38279_three-princes-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"407\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11765719\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38279_three-princes-qut.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38279_three-princes-qut-160x271.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Three Hawaiian princes – brothers David Kawānanakoa, Edward Keliʻiahonui and Jonah Kalanianaʻole – pictured while students at St. Matthews Hall in San Mateo. In July of 1885, they rode the first waves ever surfed in California. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Hawaii State Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the Native Hawaiians never gave up their sport, and by the 1970s, there was a full-blown racial clash around surfing with well-documented fights in the ocean. The issue pitted Native Hawaiians and some white residents who grew up among them against the white Californian and Australian surfers who sought to exclude locals from the world's best waves on their very own turf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An infamous brawl involved a trash-talking Australian surfer named Wayne \"Rabbit\" Bartholomew, who was battered and humbled by the locals. The surfing world's reverence for Hawaii and Native Hawaiians was cemented. Bartholomew would go on to run the Association of Surfing Professionals, an earlier iteration of the current pro league.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I treaded lightly in light of what they went through because there was an internalization that this is something that was stolen from them,\" said Richard Schmidt, who was among the white Californian pro surfers on the scene in that era. \"You're never a complete surfer until you prove yourself in Hawaii.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet critics say the business and branding aspect of the sport and lifestyle largely remained white-centered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When surfing started to become really popular, that triggered money and that triggered business people and things we'd never thought we'd have to deal with as people who surf in Hawaii,\" said Walter Ritte, a longtime Native Hawaiian activist. \"There's no doubt that the control is not here in Hawaii.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Hawaii Kingdom National Team?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The effort to take back surfing's narrative is why sovereignty activists applied for a Hawaii Kingdom national team to compete at the Olympics. Their longshot request hinges on the fact that they say there was no ratified treaty that ever formally dissolved Hawaii's autonomy. The United States annexed Hawaii in 1898 after the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy by U.S.-backed forces in 1893.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement from the International Olympic Committee, which has ignored the request, noted only that applicants must be an \"independent state recognized by the international community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11765699","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>This geopolitical dynamic will be on display when Carissa Moore and John John Florence are in the surf zone to compete for the U.S. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither is eager to discuss their views on the matter but they are two of professional surfing's biggest stars who have long competed under the Hawaii flag in the pro league, as the World Surf League recognizes Hawaii as a \"sovereign surfing nation.\" Moore as the reigning female world champion is also the only Olympic surfer who is ethnically Hawaiian. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The hurt and the wounds go back really far,\" Moore said. \"I usually compete under the Hawaii flag all year with the WSL. ... For me, that's not a huge focus right now. I think that I can still represent both, even if I'm not wearing the flag on my sleeve. I'm wearing it on my heart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11881222\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50220_GettyImages-1176261337-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1308\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11881222\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50220_GettyImages-1176261337-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50220_GettyImages-1176261337-qut-800x545.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50220_GettyImages-1176261337-qut-1020x695.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50220_GettyImages-1176261337-qut-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50220_GettyImages-1176261337-qut-1536x1046.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carissa Moore, pictured during a 2019 competition in Lemoore, California. \u003ccite>(Sean M. Haffey/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tatiana Weston-Webb, a white woman who grew up in Hawaii and will surf for her mother's native Brazil at the Olympics, said Native Hawaiians deserve more recognition but rejected the idea that they are disrespected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think that they're being overshadowed,\" Weston-Webb said. \"It just depends on how you look at the situation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fernando Aguerre as president of the International Surfing Association, the Olympic governing body for surfing, pledged to honor Hawaii and Duke Kahanamoku, the godfather of modern surfing, during the Games. Like many surfing industry leaders, Aguerre, who is from Argentina, invokes the legend of Kahanamoku often, even noting that he named his son after the Native Hawaiian icon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11881214\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Duke_Kahanamoku.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"717\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11881214\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Duke_Kahanamoku.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Duke_Kahanamoku-160x143.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Duke Kahanamoku, a Native Hawaiian swimmer who won five Olympic medals and is known as the godfather of modern surfing who introduced the sport in exhibitions in Australia and California, pictured circa 1912. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kahanamoku was an Olympic swimmer who won five medals and introduced the sport via surfing exhibitions in places like California, New Jersey, Australia, New Zealand and Europe. He lobbied the IOC at the 1912 Summer Games in Stockholm to include it in the Olympics, and was the ultimate waterman, whose legacy also includes popularizing flutter swimming kicks and spreading the concept of lifeguarding and water rescue to the masses. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everything we do has a connection to Hawaii. I think it's impossible to detach Hawaiianness from surfing,\" Aguerre said. \"The ocean doesn't really care about hate, war or governments. Surfing is that way, too.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Didi Robello, a descendant of Kahanamoku, said none of his family members have been contacted to participate in any Olympic celebrations. He said his grand-uncle's name and legacy are exploited, which has become a great source of pain for the family because the trademark rights to the Kahanamoku name are owned by outsiders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're getting ripped off,\" Robello said. \"It's embarrassing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11881139/the-wounds-go-back-really-far-olympic-surfing-exposes-whitewashed-native-hawaiian-roots","authors":["byline_news_11881139"],"categories":["news_8","news_10"],"tags":["news_29674","news_18538","news_29675","news_1019","news_160","news_20219","news_721","news_111","news_1071"],"featImg":"news_11881205","label":"news"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ATC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0018_AmericanSuburb_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/07/commonwealthclub.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Consider-This_3000_V3-copy-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/06/forum-logo-900x900tile-1.gif","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/FreshAir_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. 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No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/insideEurope.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. 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Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/Marketplace_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. 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