Hidden in the Oakland Hills Is An Outdoor Gallery of Murals
The Future Looks Bright for Children's Fairyland, as It Seeks to Better Reflect Oakland's Cultural Rainbow
How Oakland's 16th Street Train Station Helped Build West Oakland and the Modern Civil Rights Movement
Memories of Japanese American Incarceration, Across Generations
How Rocky Road Ice Cream Got Its Start in Oakland
A Time-Traveling Map for Rapidly Changing Oakland
Fred Korematsu's Journey From East Oakland to the National Portrait Gallery
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Before editing and producing for podcasts like Bay Curious, she was a health care journalist for public radio and print outlets such as CalMatters and Kaiser Health News. Her reporting has won several regional Edward R. Murrow awards, national recognition from the Society of Professional Journalists and a first-place prize from the Association of Health Care Journalists.\r\n\r\nPauline’s work has aired frequently on National Public Radio, and bylines have appeared in The Los Angeles Times, CNN.com, Washingtonpost.com, USA Today and Scientific American.\r\n\r\nPauline has lived in Northern California for 20 years. Her other passions are crafts (now done in collaboration with her daughter) and the Brazilian martial art of capoeira.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/95001c30374b0d3878007af9cf1e120a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"pbartolone","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"podcasts","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Pauline Bartolone | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/95001c30374b0d3878007af9cf1e120a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/95001c30374b0d3878007af9cf1e120a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/pbartolone"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11977305":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11977305","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11977305","score":null,"sort":[1709204416000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"hidden-in-the-oakland-hills-is-an-outdoor-gallery-of-murals","title":"Hidden in the Oakland Hills Is An Outdoor Gallery of Murals","publishDate":1709204416,"format":"image","headTitle":"Hidden in the Oakland Hills Is An Outdoor Gallery of Murals | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The East Bay hills above Berkeley and Oakland are crisscrossed with beautiful hiking trails, and hidden along them are clues to the Bay Area’s past. In the trees near Leona Heights, there’s a clearing scattered with concrete walls. One of them is as big as a bus; others are small, like traffic barriers. All of them are painted with really good murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Darrell Lavin came across them while hiking with his cousin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like it was some sort of a very significant structure many, many years ago,” he said. “And I can’t help but wonder, what’s the history of this? What was there, and what was it used for? It made me very curious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that the answer to Lavin’s question has a lot to do with… rocks. So, we asked a geologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Alden is a sprightly guy with a ponytail and gemstone earrings. He said in the late 1800s, when Bay Area cities were growing, people punctured the East Bay hills with quarries and mines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Crushed stone is a basic requirement of civilization,” he said. “You just need it for everything. You need it for railroad beds, you need it for building foundations, you need it to build harbors and wharves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concrete walls still visible today \u003ca href=\"https://ia801601.us.archive.org/9/items/38calicturalindu00auburich/38calicturalindu00auburich.pdf\">were part of the workings of the Leona Heights Quarry\u003c/a>, he said, which was where Merritt College is today. Workers blasted rock from deep pits in the hills and loaded it onto a conveyor tram, which carried it down the hill to a train, where it was loaded onto freight cars and shipped out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977321\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1980px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977321\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Conveyor-tram.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of a wooden trestle conveyor tram snaking its way up a wooded hill.\" width=\"1980\" height=\"1807\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Conveyor-tram.jpg 1980w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Conveyor-tram-800x730.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Conveyor-tram-1020x931.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Conveyor-tram-160x146.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Conveyor-tram-1536x1402.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Conveyor-tram-1920x1752.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1980px) 100vw, 1980px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This photograph from 1912 shows a tram that brought stone from the quarry down to the train tracks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The tram was a half-mile-long conveyor belt running on a wooden trestle. Historical records suggest its machinery was housed in the concrete ruins Lavin asked about. Slots in the walls probably framed the wheels that turned the belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A fateful fire\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The tram helped make the whole rock quarry operation possible but would ultimately destroy it. In 1913, a fire broke out near its base and ignited the conveyor belt, which carried the flames up the hill. \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/image/999259004/\">An article in the Oakland Enquirer from Aug. 8th\u003c/a>, 1913, said the wooden trestle was “dry as tinder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Stores of dynamite and powder in sheds in the path of the fire spread the blaze with great rapidity,” the article said. “Until long after midnight, the fire burned in the ravines of Leona Heights, to which blazing brands had been carried by the high wind. That no fatalities occurred was considered remarkable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the buildings and tools used in the quarry operation were incinerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, all that remains of the Leona Heights Quarry are the ruins of the conveyor tram that Darrell stumbled upon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The artists have adopted it,” Alden said. “And it belongs to the future as well as the past.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC3388391131&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An unexpected art gallery\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The concrete walls have been painted over many times by many artists. One of them is Pancho Pescador. He said he found this place by accident back in 1995 — not long after he moved to the United States — and was captivated by the murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977322\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Oakland-Leona-Heights-ruins-lead.jpg\" alt=\"A man in black hoodie stands center, around him are remnants of concrete walls painted with vibrant art.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Oakland-Leona-Heights-ruins-lead.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Oakland-Leona-Heights-ruins-lead-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Oakland-Leona-Heights-ruins-lead-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Oakland-Leona-Heights-ruins-lead-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Oakland-Leona-Heights-ruins-lead-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist Pancho Pescador stands between two of his pieces painted on the concrete ruins of the old Leona Heights Quarry. \u003ccite>(Katherine Monahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Graffiti art was still pretty new to Pescador at the time. He’d seen very little of it growing up in Chile \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/place/Chile/The-military-dictatorship-from-1973\">under the repressive dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you [got] caught painting in the street,” he said, “you may get disappeared or dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many street artists of the day, only urgent political messages were worth that risk, Pescador said. His work reflects the intensity of those early experiences. He pointed out one of his murals: a figure with the head of a bird carrying a paint roller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the weapon,” Pescador said. “He’s a warrior because he’s carrying his weapon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest concrete wall in the clearing is about the size of a semitruck. On it, artists have painted a woman, an AC Transit bus and the word “Ghost” in vibrant colors. It’s a memorial to a local artist who passed away at a young age, Pescador explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not going anywhere,” he said. “I doubt anybody’s going to paint over this. I’m not gonna do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For him, these concrete ruins are a special place, different from any other graffiti site. He loves painting up in the trees, with time to do big, intricate pieces with lots of colors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like decay,” he said. “And I like seeing my pieces getting old.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>The East Bay hills above Berkeley and Oakland are crisscrossed with beautiful hiking trails. Darrell Lavin, today’s question-asker, loves to explore them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Darrell Lavin:\u003c/b> My cousin lives right over in that area right near Leona Lodge. And so I go over there and hike with her all the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>One day, they tried a trail he’d never been on before. Halfway up they came upon something unexpected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Darrell Lavin:\u003c/b> It looks like it was some sort of a very significant structure many, many years ago. And it looks like there had to be some sort of a cabling system there to haul stuff up and down the hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Darrell figured his cousin would know what these ruins were, but she had no idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Darrell Lavin:\u003c/b> And they’re all covered in graffiti. And the artwork is beautiful. And I can’t help but wonder, what’s the history of this, what was there and what was it used for?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Darrell’s question won a Bay Curious voting round, so today we’re hiking up to these ruins near Leona Canyon Regional Park… to learn what was there more than a hundred years ago. And we’ll find out a bit more about that beautiful artwork that Darrell described. I’m Olivia Allen-Price. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SPONSOR MESSAGE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>KQED Reporter Katherine Monahan loves hiking and mysteries, so she was the perfect person to send on an expedition to find out the history of these ruins in the Oakland hills and how they’re being used now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Footsteps in the woods\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> I’ve been hiking around for half an hour, looking for these ruins, when I see a flash of bright pink peeking through the oak trees that line the trail. I duck under a branch . . . and enter a clearing scattered with concrete walls. One of them is as big as a bus; others are small, like traffic barriers. All of them are painted with \u003ci>really good\u003c/i> murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>And they built it well because the concrete is still in great shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Andrew Alden, a geologist and local historian, meets me here. He’s a sprightly guy with a ponytail and gemstone earrings. He points out a clue to why these ruins are here. It’s a reddish rock, about the size of a mailbox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>I think it’s just beautiful by itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> What is it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>It started out as volcanic ash on the seafloor. It got involved in a lot of tectonic action, and it changed the rock into this very hard light-colored, very strong material that gets this honey-colored orange and red coating on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>Geologists used to call it the Leona laterite. Now we just call it Leona Volcanic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Alden says that in the late 1800s, when Bay Area cities were growing, rock like this was very much in demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>Crushed stone is a basic requirement of civilization. You just need it for everything. You need it for railroad beds, you need it for building foundations, you need it to build harbors and wharves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> People punctured the East Bay hills with mines and quarries, looking for pyrite, sulfur, gold, though they didn’t really find any, and just rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>They started quarries wherever the rock was good just to make money from these hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> The ruins we’re looking at were part of the workings of the Leona Heights Quarry, says Alden, which was where Merritt College is today. Workers dynamited rock from pits and loaded it onto a conveyor tram leading down the hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>It would send stone down to the electric train tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> It was a half-mile-long conveyor belt running on a wooden trestle. It looked kind of like an old-fashioned roller coaster. Historical records suggest its machinery was housed right here in this concrete. Slots in the walls probably framed the wheels that turned the belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> This tram helped make the whole operation possible but would ultimately destroy it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice Reading Newspaper Report: \u003c/b>Oakland Enquirer, Aug. 8th, 1913 — Leona Fire Causes Big Loss, Town Is Menaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> A fire broke out near the base of the tram and ignited the conveyor belt, which carried the flames up the hill. The newspaper said the wooden trestle was “dry as tinder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice Reading Newspaper Report: \u003c/b>Stores of dynamite and powder in sheds in the path of the fire spread the blaze with great rapidity. Until long after midnight the fires burned in the ravines of Leona Heights, to which blazing brands had been carried by the high wind. That no fatalities occurred was considered remarkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> All the buildings and tools were incinerated, a quarter million dollar loss and a huge blow to the quarry. By the 1930s, it showed up in the papers mainly as a place where convicts hid out or kids got lost. Here’s Andrew Alden again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>Cheaper stone arose out of town, you know, quarries and cities can’t really coexist. Oakland has spread out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Eventually, the quarry was filled in and is now a Merritt College parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>There used to be a great big pit there they called Devil’s Punchbowl and all the local kids would get in trouble there. They’d push old cars into it and throw dynamite sticks and that kind of thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> And what’s left of the conveyor tram …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>As you see, the artists have adopted it. And it belongs to the future as well as the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Modern music transition\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> The concrete walls here have been painted over many times by many artists. One of them has been coming here for almost thirty years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>My name is Pancho Pescador. I’m originally from Chile. I always painted since I was a kid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> He says he found this place by accident back in 1995, not long after he moved to the United States. He was out hiking by himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>And I remember coming here and seeing the wall. Unexpected, because you’re in the middle of the forest and then you find all these ruins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> They had murals on them even then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>I was like, “What? Who paint this? This is so cool. Oh, he did it with spray paint?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Graffiti art was still pretty new to Pescador at the time. He’d seen very little of it growing up in Chile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>Because we have a dictatorship, so it was more repression. You know, if you get caught painting in the street, you may get disappeared or, or dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> That was during the regime of Augusto Pinochet, who came to power in 1973 following a U.S.-backed coup. Through the 70s and 80s, thousands of Chileans disappeared or were killed under his rule, and almost 40,000 were held as political prisoners. Pescador says street artists of the day restricted themselves to political messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>They didn’t write their name, you know, like, “Oh, Pancho was here” or, you know, like, they’re risking their life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> He shows me one of his pieces, a larger-than-life self-portrait, on a decaying chunk of concrete wall. It’s a figure with the head of a bird carrying a paint roller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>That’s the weapon. You know, like, the weapon doesn’t have to be an M16. It could be a paint roller, so he’s a warrior because he’s carrying his weapon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> The painting has been here for about two years, which Pescador says is a long life for a piece up here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>You paint here, you know that you’re gonna get covered. That’s part of the game. It’s no crying, like, “Oh, you paint over me?” No, this is not the place, you know, you paint here, you know what’s going to happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> But there are exceptions. On the biggest wall — which is about the size of a semitruck — is a long, vibrant painting of a woman, and an AC Transit bus, and the word “Ghost.” Pescador explains it’s a memorial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>A tribute to Ghost which was a writer from Oakland that unfortunately passed at a very young age, and some of her friends and homies did this piece to honor her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> He says this piece will last because artists won’t normally cover up a memorial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>This is not going anywhere. I doubt anybody’s going to paint over this. I’m not gonna do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> He says this is a special place, different from your average graffiti site. Up here in the trees, you have time to do big, intricate pieces with lots of colors. It’s not like painting downtown, where you might get caught. And the hike screens out a lot of artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>You gotta be in shape. Because you’re gonna carry your backpack full of paint, probably a couple gallons of paint, roller, all the tools, water, it gets heavy. So you know, like, you need a certain special energy to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Pescador says he loves painting up in these abandoned ruins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>I like decay. And I like seeing my pieces getting old. I find beauty on that, a place that could be dark. And you know when you paint it, you change the energy. You do all the work for that, you know, like you see the place change, and it’s like, “Oh, yeah!” and then people appreciate it, you know?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Through over a century of massive change around it, this place has adapted from rock quarry to outdoor art gallery. Who knows what it may become next or what it will see in the next century?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>That was KQED’s Katherine Monahan. Thanks to Darrell Lavin for asking the question we answered today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>This Saturday, March 2 is one of my favorite events of the year. It’s the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/event/3954\">Night of Ideas at San Francisco Public Library’s Main Branch\u003c/a>. If you haven’t been … know this: it’s a mashup of artists, leading thinkers and cultural organizations all thinking about the future — and how city life can be more just, culturally vibrant, and sustainable. Bay Curious will be there this year, hanging out in the bookmobile. Stop by to share your personal transit tales with us and the podcast Muni Diaries. We’re teaming up to collect your stories and I can’t wait to hear what you might have for us. Find details and register for free at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/events\">KQED.org/Live\u003c/a>. I’ll see you there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>If you enjoy Bay Curious, tell another podcast-loving friend all about us, please! Word of mouth is one of the best ways for us to grow the show. Thank you!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Bay Curious is made by Katrina Schwartz, Christopher Beale, and me, Olivia-Allen Price. Additional support from Alex Gonzalez, Dan Brekke, Jen Chien, Katie Sprenger, Cesar Saldana, Maha Sanad, Holly Kernan and the whole KQED Family. Have a great week!\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Hike near Leona Heights in Oakland, and you might come across vibrant graffiti art painted on the concrete remnants of an old conveyor tram that transported rock down the hill.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1709154197,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":90,"wordCount":2844},"headData":{"title":"Hidden in the Oakland Hills Is An Outdoor Gallery of Murals | KQED","description":"Hike near Leona Heights in Oakland, and you might come across vibrant graffiti art painted on the concrete remnants of an old conveyor tram that transported rock down the hill.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Hidden in the Oakland Hills Is An Outdoor Gallery of Murals","datePublished":"2024-02-29T11:00:16.000Z","dateModified":"2024-02-28T21:03:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious/","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/pdst.fm/e/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC3388391131.mp3?updated=1709154362","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Katherine Monahan","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11977305/hidden-in-the-oakland-hills-is-an-outdoor-gallery-of-murals","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The East Bay hills above Berkeley and Oakland are crisscrossed with beautiful hiking trails, and hidden along them are clues to the Bay Area’s past. In the trees near Leona Heights, there’s a clearing scattered with concrete walls. One of them is as big as a bus; others are small, like traffic barriers. All of them are painted with really good murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Darrell Lavin came across them while hiking with his cousin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like it was some sort of a very significant structure many, many years ago,” he said. “And I can’t help but wonder, what’s the history of this? What was there, and what was it used for? It made me very curious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that the answer to Lavin’s question has a lot to do with… rocks. So, we asked a geologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Alden is a sprightly guy with a ponytail and gemstone earrings. He said in the late 1800s, when Bay Area cities were growing, people punctured the East Bay hills with quarries and mines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Crushed stone is a basic requirement of civilization,” he said. “You just need it for everything. You need it for railroad beds, you need it for building foundations, you need it to build harbors and wharves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concrete walls still visible today \u003ca href=\"https://ia801601.us.archive.org/9/items/38calicturalindu00auburich/38calicturalindu00auburich.pdf\">were part of the workings of the Leona Heights Quarry\u003c/a>, he said, which was where Merritt College is today. Workers blasted rock from deep pits in the hills and loaded it onto a conveyor tram, which carried it down the hill to a train, where it was loaded onto freight cars and shipped out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977321\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1980px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977321\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Conveyor-tram.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of a wooden trestle conveyor tram snaking its way up a wooded hill.\" width=\"1980\" height=\"1807\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Conveyor-tram.jpg 1980w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Conveyor-tram-800x730.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Conveyor-tram-1020x931.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Conveyor-tram-160x146.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Conveyor-tram-1536x1402.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Conveyor-tram-1920x1752.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1980px) 100vw, 1980px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This photograph from 1912 shows a tram that brought stone from the quarry down to the train tracks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The tram was a half-mile-long conveyor belt running on a wooden trestle. Historical records suggest its machinery was housed in the concrete ruins Lavin asked about. Slots in the walls probably framed the wheels that turned the belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A fateful fire\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The tram helped make the whole rock quarry operation possible but would ultimately destroy it. In 1913, a fire broke out near its base and ignited the conveyor belt, which carried the flames up the hill. \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/image/999259004/\">An article in the Oakland Enquirer from Aug. 8th\u003c/a>, 1913, said the wooden trestle was “dry as tinder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Stores of dynamite and powder in sheds in the path of the fire spread the blaze with great rapidity,” the article said. “Until long after midnight, the fire burned in the ravines of Leona Heights, to which blazing brands had been carried by the high wind. That no fatalities occurred was considered remarkable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the buildings and tools used in the quarry operation were incinerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, all that remains of the Leona Heights Quarry are the ruins of the conveyor tram that Darrell stumbled upon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The artists have adopted it,” Alden said. “And it belongs to the future as well as the past.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC3388391131&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An unexpected art gallery\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The concrete walls have been painted over many times by many artists. One of them is Pancho Pescador. He said he found this place by accident back in 1995 — not long after he moved to the United States — and was captivated by the murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11977322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11977322\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Oakland-Leona-Heights-ruins-lead.jpg\" alt=\"A man in black hoodie stands center, around him are remnants of concrete walls painted with vibrant art.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Oakland-Leona-Heights-ruins-lead.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Oakland-Leona-Heights-ruins-lead-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Oakland-Leona-Heights-ruins-lead-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Oakland-Leona-Heights-ruins-lead-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Oakland-Leona-Heights-ruins-lead-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist Pancho Pescador stands between two of his pieces painted on the concrete ruins of the old Leona Heights Quarry. \u003ccite>(Katherine Monahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Graffiti art was still pretty new to Pescador at the time. He’d seen very little of it growing up in Chile \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/place/Chile/The-military-dictatorship-from-1973\">under the repressive dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you [got] caught painting in the street,” he said, “you may get disappeared or dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many street artists of the day, only urgent political messages were worth that risk, Pescador said. His work reflects the intensity of those early experiences. He pointed out one of his murals: a figure with the head of a bird carrying a paint roller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the weapon,” Pescador said. “He’s a warrior because he’s carrying his weapon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest concrete wall in the clearing is about the size of a semitruck. On it, artists have painted a woman, an AC Transit bus and the word “Ghost” in vibrant colors. It’s a memorial to a local artist who passed away at a young age, Pescador explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not going anywhere,” he said. “I doubt anybody’s going to paint over this. I’m not gonna do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For him, these concrete ruins are a special place, different from any other graffiti site. He loves painting up in the trees, with time to do big, intricate pieces with lots of colors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like decay,” he said. “And I like seeing my pieces getting old.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>The East Bay hills above Berkeley and Oakland are crisscrossed with beautiful hiking trails. Darrell Lavin, today’s question-asker, loves to explore them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Darrell Lavin:\u003c/b> My cousin lives right over in that area right near Leona Lodge. And so I go over there and hike with her all the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>One day, they tried a trail he’d never been on before. Halfway up they came upon something unexpected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Darrell Lavin:\u003c/b> It looks like it was some sort of a very significant structure many, many years ago. And it looks like there had to be some sort of a cabling system there to haul stuff up and down the hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Darrell figured his cousin would know what these ruins were, but she had no idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Darrell Lavin:\u003c/b> And they’re all covered in graffiti. And the artwork is beautiful. And I can’t help but wonder, what’s the history of this, what was there and what was it used for?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Darrell’s question won a Bay Curious voting round, so today we’re hiking up to these ruins near Leona Canyon Regional Park… to learn what was there more than a hundred years ago. And we’ll find out a bit more about that beautiful artwork that Darrell described. I’m Olivia Allen-Price. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SPONSOR MESSAGE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>KQED Reporter Katherine Monahan loves hiking and mysteries, so she was the perfect person to send on an expedition to find out the history of these ruins in the Oakland hills and how they’re being used now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Footsteps in the woods\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> I’ve been hiking around for half an hour, looking for these ruins, when I see a flash of bright pink peeking through the oak trees that line the trail. I duck under a branch . . . and enter a clearing scattered with concrete walls. One of them is as big as a bus; others are small, like traffic barriers. All of them are painted with \u003ci>really good\u003c/i> murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>And they built it well because the concrete is still in great shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Andrew Alden, a geologist and local historian, meets me here. He’s a sprightly guy with a ponytail and gemstone earrings. He points out a clue to why these ruins are here. It’s a reddish rock, about the size of a mailbox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>I think it’s just beautiful by itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> What is it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>It started out as volcanic ash on the seafloor. It got involved in a lot of tectonic action, and it changed the rock into this very hard light-colored, very strong material that gets this honey-colored orange and red coating on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>Geologists used to call it the Leona laterite. Now we just call it Leona Volcanic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Alden says that in the late 1800s, when Bay Area cities were growing, rock like this was very much in demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>Crushed stone is a basic requirement of civilization. You just need it for everything. You need it for railroad beds, you need it for building foundations, you need it to build harbors and wharves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> People punctured the East Bay hills with mines and quarries, looking for pyrite, sulfur, gold, though they didn’t really find any, and just rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>They started quarries wherever the rock was good just to make money from these hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> The ruins we’re looking at were part of the workings of the Leona Heights Quarry, says Alden, which was where Merritt College is today. Workers dynamited rock from pits and loaded it onto a conveyor tram leading down the hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>It would send stone down to the electric train tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> It was a half-mile-long conveyor belt running on a wooden trestle. It looked kind of like an old-fashioned roller coaster. Historical records suggest its machinery was housed right here in this concrete. Slots in the walls probably framed the wheels that turned the belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> This tram helped make the whole operation possible but would ultimately destroy it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice Reading Newspaper Report: \u003c/b>Oakland Enquirer, Aug. 8th, 1913 — Leona Fire Causes Big Loss, Town Is Menaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> A fire broke out near the base of the tram and ignited the conveyor belt, which carried the flames up the hill. The newspaper said the wooden trestle was “dry as tinder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice Reading Newspaper Report: \u003c/b>Stores of dynamite and powder in sheds in the path of the fire spread the blaze with great rapidity. Until long after midnight the fires burned in the ravines of Leona Heights, to which blazing brands had been carried by the high wind. That no fatalities occurred was considered remarkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> All the buildings and tools were incinerated, a quarter million dollar loss and a huge blow to the quarry. By the 1930s, it showed up in the papers mainly as a place where convicts hid out or kids got lost. Here’s Andrew Alden again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>Cheaper stone arose out of town, you know, quarries and cities can’t really coexist. Oakland has spread out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Eventually, the quarry was filled in and is now a Merritt College parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>There used to be a great big pit there they called Devil’s Punchbowl and all the local kids would get in trouble there. They’d push old cars into it and throw dynamite sticks and that kind of thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> And what’s left of the conveyor tram …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Andrew Alden: \u003c/b>As you see, the artists have adopted it. And it belongs to the future as well as the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Modern music transition\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> The concrete walls here have been painted over many times by many artists. One of them has been coming here for almost thirty years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>My name is Pancho Pescador. I’m originally from Chile. I always painted since I was a kid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> He says he found this place by accident back in 1995, not long after he moved to the United States. He was out hiking by himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>And I remember coming here and seeing the wall. Unexpected, because you’re in the middle of the forest and then you find all these ruins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> They had murals on them even then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>I was like, “What? Who paint this? This is so cool. Oh, he did it with spray paint?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Graffiti art was still pretty new to Pescador at the time. He’d seen very little of it growing up in Chile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>Because we have a dictatorship, so it was more repression. You know, if you get caught painting in the street, you may get disappeared or, or dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> That was during the regime of Augusto Pinochet, who came to power in 1973 following a U.S.-backed coup. Through the 70s and 80s, thousands of Chileans disappeared or were killed under his rule, and almost 40,000 were held as political prisoners. Pescador says street artists of the day restricted themselves to political messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>They didn’t write their name, you know, like, “Oh, Pancho was here” or, you know, like, they’re risking their life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> He shows me one of his pieces, a larger-than-life self-portrait, on a decaying chunk of concrete wall. It’s a figure with the head of a bird carrying a paint roller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>That’s the weapon. You know, like, the weapon doesn’t have to be an M16. It could be a paint roller, so he’s a warrior because he’s carrying his weapon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> The painting has been here for about two years, which Pescador says is a long life for a piece up here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>You paint here, you know that you’re gonna get covered. That’s part of the game. It’s no crying, like, “Oh, you paint over me?” No, this is not the place, you know, you paint here, you know what’s going to happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> But there are exceptions. On the biggest wall — which is about the size of a semitruck — is a long, vibrant painting of a woman, and an AC Transit bus, and the word “Ghost.” Pescador explains it’s a memorial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>A tribute to Ghost which was a writer from Oakland that unfortunately passed at a very young age, and some of her friends and homies did this piece to honor her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> He says this piece will last because artists won’t normally cover up a memorial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>This is not going anywhere. I doubt anybody’s going to paint over this. I’m not gonna do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> He says this is a special place, different from your average graffiti site. Up here in the trees, you have time to do big, intricate pieces with lots of colors. It’s not like painting downtown, where you might get caught. And the hike screens out a lot of artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>You gotta be in shape. Because you’re gonna carry your backpack full of paint, probably a couple gallons of paint, roller, all the tools, water, it gets heavy. So you know, like, you need a certain special energy to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Pescador says he loves painting up in these abandoned ruins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pancho Pescador: \u003c/b>I like decay. And I like seeing my pieces getting old. I find beauty on that, a place that could be dark. And you know when you paint it, you change the energy. You do all the work for that, you know, like you see the place change, and it’s like, “Oh, yeah!” and then people appreciate it, you know?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Through over a century of massive change around it, this place has adapted from rock quarry to outdoor art gallery. Who knows what it may become next or what it will see in the next century?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>That was KQED’s Katherine Monahan. Thanks to Darrell Lavin for asking the question we answered today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>This Saturday, March 2 is one of my favorite events of the year. It’s the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/event/3954\">Night of Ideas at San Francisco Public Library’s Main Branch\u003c/a>. If you haven’t been … know this: it’s a mashup of artists, leading thinkers and cultural organizations all thinking about the future — and how city life can be more just, culturally vibrant, and sustainable. Bay Curious will be there this year, hanging out in the bookmobile. Stop by to share your personal transit tales with us and the podcast Muni Diaries. We’re teaming up to collect your stories and I can’t wait to hear what you might have for us. Find details and register for free at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/events\">KQED.org/Live\u003c/a>. I’ll see you there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>If you enjoy Bay Curious, tell another podcast-loving friend all about us, please! Word of mouth is one of the best ways for us to grow the show. Thank you!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Bay Curious is made by Katrina Schwartz, Christopher Beale, and me, Olivia-Allen Price. Additional support from Alex Gonzalez, Dan Brekke, Jen Chien, Katie Sprenger, Cesar Saldana, Maha Sanad, Holly Kernan and the whole KQED Family. Have a great week!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11977305/hidden-in-the-oakland-hills-is-an-outdoor-gallery-of-murals","authors":["byline_news_11977305"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_18294","news_18","news_21681","news_2266"],"featImg":"news_11977328","label":"source_news_11977305"},"news_11948422":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11948422","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11948422","score":null,"sort":[1683194435000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-future-looks-bright-for-childrens-fairyland-as-it-seeks-to-better-reflect-oaklands-cultural-rainbow","title":"The Future Looks Bright for Children's Fairyland, as It Seeks to Better Reflect Oakland's Cultural Rainbow","publishDate":1683194435,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Future Looks Bright for Children’s Fairyland, as It Seeks to Better Reflect Oakland’s Cultural Rainbow | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":33523,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3Lw8Y51\">\u003cem>Read a transcript of this episode here. \u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Rose Gelfand, Children’s Fairyland exists “outside of the bounds of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gelfand grew up in Richmond and as a kid went regularly to the 10-acre storybook-themed amusement park on the north side of Oakland’s Lake Merritt. But even as a teenager, when Gelfand attended high school at Oakland School for the Arts, Fairyland’s rainbow-colored sign remained a destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oftentimes I would meet friends at the Fairyland sign facing the water and sit in the sun and, you know, have long chats and make art together,” said Gelfand, who now lives in Portland, Oregon.[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[It] sort of always had this presence in our lives, even past the point where I was going as a kid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gelfand is certainly not the only person who grew up in the Bay Area, or currently lives here, who considers Fairyland an iconic East Bay institution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park’s timeless charm may come from its elaborate play sets based on classic fairy tales — most of which were made in the 1950s and ’60s and have changed little since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the park approaches its 75th anniversary, in 2025, its leadership is pondering how to update it to better reflect Oakland’s ever-growing diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948448\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948448 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6084-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A three little piggies-themed play set, with a small brick house with a low doorway, and a cut-out cartoon pig next to it. A couple high-rise buildings in downtown Oakland are visible in the background.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6084-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6084-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6084-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6084-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6084-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6084-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6084-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children’s Fairyland has dozens of interactive play installations based on popular stories for kids. \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gelfand has been wondering something similar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m kind of curious what their plan is moving into the future and if it will continue to exist as it is,” she told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Kiddy tech’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve already been to Children’s Fairyland, you’ll know it’s nothing like a Disney theme park. There are no extravagant light shows, no giant castles and no Donald Duck mascots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park is a unique landscape of dozens of interactive play installations — ideal for kids 8 years old and under — to climb on or into or run through. The play sets are all based on popular kids’ stories: nursery rhymes like “Mary Had a Little Lamb,” classic children’s books like\u003cem> Peter Rabbit\u003c/em>, and folktales like those about Johnny Appleseed and Anansi the Spider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A “magic” key — bought for a few bucks — unlocks the story of each scene through a colorful speaker box next to each story station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948449\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948449 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6061-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A little kid, around age 6, with poofy, coily hair and a blue puffer jacket turns a key in a light-blue wooden box. Beyond the box, which sits atop a turquoise-painted fence, is a little, light-pink house and flowers blooming amid paving stones.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6061-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6061-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6061-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6061-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6061-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6061-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6061-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Story boxes with speakers are next to each play set at Children’s Fairyland. Kids can unlock the story with a ‘magic key.’ \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The park’s structures are kid-size and slightly crooked, as if they were sprinkled with a bit of surrealist fairy dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything looks vintage, which makes sense because of when most sets were built. Many of the play areas could use a coat of paint or even an extra nail. But the veneer of the play areas is not the point, says Randal Metz, who has worked at the park for more than 50 years. It’s about the imagination the spaces provoke, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fairyland is a place for kids to lose themselves and to create their own fairytale fantasies,” said Metz, who was once the park’s artistic director, and is now a puppeteer and park historian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948450\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948450 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6073-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A tall, light blue clock tower has a set of stairs to the left, with a dark green banister, and an opening at the bottom where the end of a slide empties. The ground around the clock tower is paved.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6073-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6073-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6073-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6073-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6073-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6073-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6073-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children’s Fairyland has dozens of interactive play installations based on popular stories for kids. \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Metz says the park’s style is intentionally “quiet” so that kids use their own creativity to add depth and detail to the stories through play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re low tech. We call it kiddy tech. We like to keep it simple, and so that things turn and they move for the children. But also they can understand how it happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Parks within parks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Children’s Fairyland was born out of Oakland’s post-World War II period. Young soldiers returning from war were starting families and wanted a place to escape, Metz writes in his book \u003cem>Creating a Fairyland\u003c/em>, which he co-authored with Tony Jonick. At the same time, a landscape architect named William Penn Mott Jr. became the Oakland parks superintendent, with grand visions for expanding the city’s public green spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were approximately 950 acres of Oakland city parks in 1946, which was really low for a city of Oakland’s population and size,” said Mitchell Schwarzer, professor emeritus at California College of the Arts, and author of \u003cem>Hella Town: Oakland’s History of Development and Disruption\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948454\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948454 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6037-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Three seemingly life-size statues of smiling little girls in white-and-blue pinafores. The girl on the far left appears Asian and has long black hair. The two girls to the right embrace happily; the girl on the left appears Black, with Black hair, and the third girl appears white, with red hair. They all stand in dappled sunlight beneath trees.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6037-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6037-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6037-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6037-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6037-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6037-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6037-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children’s Fairyland has dozens of interactive play installations based on popular stories for kids. \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Mott wanted to build more, and he came up with all these ideas to increase the acreage of the park system,” Schwarzer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mott hit some roadblocks. He couldn’t create new parks because Oakland taxpayers didn’t have an appetite to pay more for them, according to Schwarzer, and Mott’s other idea, to create a fantasy-themed park for teenagers — with a mini train, boat and auto course — failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had a kind of crisis of spirit in the late ’40s and thought, ‘Well, I’ve got to go a different direction,’” said Schwarzer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His new approach? Create parks \u003cem>within\u003c/em> parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>If you can’t have lots of space, you can create space in people’s minds,” said Schwarzer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mott didn’t launch Fairyland on his own. In fact, the idea to create the park was fueled by Arthur Navlet, a local business investor who had run a large plant nursery in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navlet and his wife had no children, but still had a deep love for children, according to Metz. While in retirement, the couple visited a children’s zoo in Detroit and were inspired by the bright colors and “festive” environment for the animals, who were not confined to the industrial cages that were customary at the time. Navlet came back to the East Bay determined to create something similar in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948455\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948455 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6040-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A view of the anthropomorphic playing cards from Alice in Wonderland, arranged side-by-side to form a maze. Each red or black playing card has a flat head at the top, with various skin tones and facial expressions (although most look surprised).\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6040-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6040-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6040-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6040-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6040-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6040-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6040-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Over the years, Children’s Fairyland has tried to be more racially representative by diversifying the skin tones of characters in the storybook playsets. Now, leadership wants to diversify the actual stories featured at the park. \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Navlet was a member of the Lake Merritt Breakfast Club, a civic-minded group of businessmen who were interested in development. He drummed up their support and, along with Mott, raised seed money to develop a plan for the new park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They hired local artist and industrial designer William Russell Everett, who sketched out the first 17 sets of the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children’s Fairyland officially opened in September 1950, presenting stories such as\u003cem> The Little Red Hen\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Three Billy Goats Gruff\u003c/em>, and the story of Noah’s ark, to nearly half a million people in the first year of operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fairyland soon inspired other cities, like Sacramento, to open their own children’s storybook parks. Metz says Walt Disney himself visited the park and was deeply inspired by it when he opened Disneyland in 1955.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Walt Disney Company says there’s no concrete evidence of Disney’s visit to the park, but records show that he did fly to San Francisco in 1954.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also went on to hire Fairyland’s first executive director, Dorothy Manes, to head up youth activities for Disneyland in the 1950s, according to \u003ca href=\"https://d23.com/ask-dave/chris-alameda-california/\">former Disney archivist Dave Smith\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children’s Fairyland started as a public park, and is now an independent nonprofit, operating with the financial help of memberships, donations and $16 entrance fees. It has endured over the decades, much like the timeless stories it recounts, says Schwarzer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948456\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 603px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948456 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/Oaklandpubliclibrary1955-e1683168812227.jpg\" alt=\"A black-and-white photo of dozens of children sitting on the ground, looking past the camera toward an unseen stage, and laughing really hard. The four boys in the foreground are dressed in cowboy gear, with Western shirts and one wearing a cowboy hat. Most of the children appear Latino and white.\" width=\"603\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/Oaklandpubliclibrary1955-e1683168812227.jpg 603w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/Oaklandpubliclibrary1955-e1683168812227-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 603px) 100vw, 603px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children being entertained at Fairyland in Oakland, California circa 1955. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Oakland Public Library, Oakland History Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is one of Oakland’s most innovative and lasting contributions to the whole country,” he said, about Fairyland’s ability to inspire other fantasy-themed storybook parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Lukas, a cultural anthropologist and author of the book \u003cem>Theme Park\u003c/em>, says Fairyland incorporates stories, fostering play and creativity, in a way that is pretty distinct from most other kids’ entertainment nowadays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast to Fairyland, “they’re not maybe being used for imagination and development of important skills in children, but they’re being used as properties, as brands, as commodities,” Lukas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, he says, Fairyland is not trying to sell you anything or tell you what to think.[emailsignup newslettername=\"baycurious\" align=\"right\"]“Children get to complete the stories. It’s not about something preset,” said Lukas.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Controversy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While Children’s Fairyland may be a point of pride for Bay Area residents, its history isn’t without controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the park first opened, its creators wanted to hammer home the idea that it was for all small people, including adult little people. So they hired Victor and Edna Wetter as host guides. The married couple, who starred as little people (or “munchkins”) in \u003cem>The Wizard of Oz\u003c/em>, were not much taller than the children who visited the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The couple would show groups of kids throughout the park and tell them the stories that they were seeing,” Metz said. “Unfortunately, the park decided that the job for getting a host guide in Fairyland had to be at a certain height.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City rules dictated that Fairyland hosts had to be of “small stature,” according to Metz. When another employee of average height contested the rule, the controversy got the attention of the mayor and parks director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Wetters just said, you know, we’re not going to be involved with that. So they moved on to something better. And Fairyland took that out of the job description,” Metz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The future of Children’s Fairyland\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite Fairyland’s very multiethnic, multiracial clientele, about 90% of the play sets at the park highlight European folktales, according to the park’s leadership. Over the decades, the park has taken small steps to diversify: There is a Chinese dragon slide, a Japanese “party area,” and a mini Ferris wheel based on Anansi the Spider, the protagonist in folktales from Ghana in West Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The puppet theater, which presents daily shows, has featured more international stories over the years, including a Vietnamese Cinderella story, a Mexican folktale called “Perez and Mondinga,” and Baba Yaga from Slavic folklore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948451\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948451 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6030-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"The narrow backstage of a puppet theater, with two people standing behind a curtain operating marionettes below them. The right side of the frame shows a strip of bright sunlight, where we assume the audience is sitting; behind the curtain are ordinary objects, such as books, a lamp and a painting.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6030-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6030-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6030-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6030-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6030-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6030-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6030-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The puppet theater at Children’s Fairyland has daily shows when the park is open. \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The skin tones of characters in story sets have also been painted various shades of brown in recent years. Little Miss Muffet and the Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe, for example, are now portrayed as Latina and Black, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Fairyland prepares for its 75th anniversary, the park wants to tell more stories that better reflect and celebrate the diverse community it serves, says Executive Director Kymberly Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The park has always tried to be intentional to represent where it sits in Oakland,” Miller said. “I think what we’re looking for is a much deeper, wider intention now around that, because what it is right now is a little bit narrow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948452\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948452 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6078-scaled.jpg\" alt='We see the backs of parents and children sitting on green, pink and yellow benches under yellow shade umbrellas, facing the front of the puppet theater, which has a blue awning and an ochre-colored arch lettered with \"Storybook Puppet Theater.\"' width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6078-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6078-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6078-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6078-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6078-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6078-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6078-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The puppet theater at Children’s Fairyland has daily shows when the park is open. \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Miller says the stories should reflect what kids of different cultural backgrounds hear as they grow up, both in Oakland and throughout the world. The park wants to install several more international sets and make stories accessible in more languages, she says. It’s even considering rotating out some installations, much like conventional museums do with their exhibits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fundamental character of the park that families love — the low-tech, vintage experience that offers a departure from everyday life — won’t change, says Miller. Fairyland goers can look forward to some updated storytelling, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948453\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948453 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6028-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A view of six marionettes arranged on a high shelf, with varying styles, including a multicolored jester and a white-faced mime.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6028-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6028-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6028-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6028-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6028-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6028-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6028-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Puppets from the folktales and mythologies of different cultures at Children’s Fairyland. \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s about being able to be representative enough as the world changes,” said Miller. Paola Lopez, who recently took her two youngest children to Fairyland, says it would be great to see the park present stories from more places and cultures around the world, like from Peru, where she grew up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, yeah, it’s Oakland … I mean, look around,” said Lopez one recent Saturday afternoon at the park. In addition to European tales, visitors could see “South American stories about the jungle,” she said, or just one other play set that makes more people say, “‘Hey, I grew up listening or reading this story.”’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Listener Rose Gelfand asked: 'What's the history of Children's Fairyland? It's such an iconic East Bay institution and I have no clue how it came to be.'","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1708468044,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":55,"wordCount":2214},"headData":{"title":"The Future Looks Bright for Children's Fairyland, as It Seeks to Better Reflect Oakland's Cultural Rainbow | KQED","description":"Listener Rose Gelfand asked: 'What's the history of Children's Fairyland? It's such an iconic East Bay institution and I have no clue how it came to be.'","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"The Future Looks Bright for Children's Fairyland, as It Seeks to Better Reflect Oakland's Cultural Rainbow","datePublished":"2023-05-04T10:00:35.000Z","dateModified":"2024-02-20T22:27:24.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chrt.fm/track/EBCBFA/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC3620311165.mp3?updated=1683153450","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11948422/the-future-looks-bright-for-childrens-fairyland-as-it-seeks-to-better-reflect-oaklands-cultural-rainbow","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3Lw8Y51\">\u003cem>Read a transcript of this episode here. \u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Rose Gelfand, Children’s Fairyland exists “outside of the bounds of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gelfand grew up in Richmond and as a kid went regularly to the 10-acre storybook-themed amusement park on the north side of Oakland’s Lake Merritt. But even as a teenager, when Gelfand attended high school at Oakland School for the Arts, Fairyland’s rainbow-colored sign remained a destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oftentimes I would meet friends at the Fairyland sign facing the water and sit in the sun and, you know, have long chats and make art together,” said Gelfand, who now lives in Portland, Oregon.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[It] sort of always had this presence in our lives, even past the point where I was going as a kid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gelfand is certainly not the only person who grew up in the Bay Area, or currently lives here, who considers Fairyland an iconic East Bay institution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park’s timeless charm may come from its elaborate play sets based on classic fairy tales — most of which were made in the 1950s and ’60s and have changed little since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the park approaches its 75th anniversary, in 2025, its leadership is pondering how to update it to better reflect Oakland’s ever-growing diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948448\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948448 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6084-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A three little piggies-themed play set, with a small brick house with a low doorway, and a cut-out cartoon pig next to it. A couple high-rise buildings in downtown Oakland are visible in the background.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6084-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6084-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6084-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6084-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6084-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6084-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6084-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children’s Fairyland has dozens of interactive play installations based on popular stories for kids. \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gelfand has been wondering something similar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m kind of curious what their plan is moving into the future and if it will continue to exist as it is,” she told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Kiddy tech’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve already been to Children’s Fairyland, you’ll know it’s nothing like a Disney theme park. There are no extravagant light shows, no giant castles and no Donald Duck mascots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park is a unique landscape of dozens of interactive play installations — ideal for kids 8 years old and under — to climb on or into or run through. The play sets are all based on popular kids’ stories: nursery rhymes like “Mary Had a Little Lamb,” classic children’s books like\u003cem> Peter Rabbit\u003c/em>, and folktales like those about Johnny Appleseed and Anansi the Spider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A “magic” key — bought for a few bucks — unlocks the story of each scene through a colorful speaker box next to each story station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948449\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948449 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6061-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A little kid, around age 6, with poofy, coily hair and a blue puffer jacket turns a key in a light-blue wooden box. Beyond the box, which sits atop a turquoise-painted fence, is a little, light-pink house and flowers blooming amid paving stones.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6061-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6061-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6061-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6061-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6061-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6061-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6061-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Story boxes with speakers are next to each play set at Children’s Fairyland. Kids can unlock the story with a ‘magic key.’ \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The park’s structures are kid-size and slightly crooked, as if they were sprinkled with a bit of surrealist fairy dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything looks vintage, which makes sense because of when most sets were built. Many of the play areas could use a coat of paint or even an extra nail. But the veneer of the play areas is not the point, says Randal Metz, who has worked at the park for more than 50 years. It’s about the imagination the spaces provoke, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fairyland is a place for kids to lose themselves and to create their own fairytale fantasies,” said Metz, who was once the park’s artistic director, and is now a puppeteer and park historian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948450\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948450 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6073-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A tall, light blue clock tower has a set of stairs to the left, with a dark green banister, and an opening at the bottom where the end of a slide empties. The ground around the clock tower is paved.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6073-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6073-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6073-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6073-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6073-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6073-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6073-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children’s Fairyland has dozens of interactive play installations based on popular stories for kids. \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Metz says the park’s style is intentionally “quiet” so that kids use their own creativity to add depth and detail to the stories through play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re low tech. We call it kiddy tech. We like to keep it simple, and so that things turn and they move for the children. But also they can understand how it happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Parks within parks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Children’s Fairyland was born out of Oakland’s post-World War II period. Young soldiers returning from war were starting families and wanted a place to escape, Metz writes in his book \u003cem>Creating a Fairyland\u003c/em>, which he co-authored with Tony Jonick. At the same time, a landscape architect named William Penn Mott Jr. became the Oakland parks superintendent, with grand visions for expanding the city’s public green spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were approximately 950 acres of Oakland city parks in 1946, which was really low for a city of Oakland’s population and size,” said Mitchell Schwarzer, professor emeritus at California College of the Arts, and author of \u003cem>Hella Town: Oakland’s History of Development and Disruption\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948454\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948454 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6037-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Three seemingly life-size statues of smiling little girls in white-and-blue pinafores. The girl on the far left appears Asian and has long black hair. The two girls to the right embrace happily; the girl on the left appears Black, with Black hair, and the third girl appears white, with red hair. They all stand in dappled sunlight beneath trees.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6037-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6037-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6037-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6037-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6037-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6037-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6037-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children’s Fairyland has dozens of interactive play installations based on popular stories for kids. \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Mott wanted to build more, and he came up with all these ideas to increase the acreage of the park system,” Schwarzer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mott hit some roadblocks. He couldn’t create new parks because Oakland taxpayers didn’t have an appetite to pay more for them, according to Schwarzer, and Mott’s other idea, to create a fantasy-themed park for teenagers — with a mini train, boat and auto course — failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had a kind of crisis of spirit in the late ’40s and thought, ‘Well, I’ve got to go a different direction,’” said Schwarzer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His new approach? Create parks \u003cem>within\u003c/em> parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>If you can’t have lots of space, you can create space in people’s minds,” said Schwarzer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mott didn’t launch Fairyland on his own. In fact, the idea to create the park was fueled by Arthur Navlet, a local business investor who had run a large plant nursery in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navlet and his wife had no children, but still had a deep love for children, according to Metz. While in retirement, the couple visited a children’s zoo in Detroit and were inspired by the bright colors and “festive” environment for the animals, who were not confined to the industrial cages that were customary at the time. Navlet came back to the East Bay determined to create something similar in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948455\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948455 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6040-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A view of the anthropomorphic playing cards from Alice in Wonderland, arranged side-by-side to form a maze. Each red or black playing card has a flat head at the top, with various skin tones and facial expressions (although most look surprised).\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6040-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6040-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6040-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6040-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6040-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6040-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6040-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Over the years, Children’s Fairyland has tried to be more racially representative by diversifying the skin tones of characters in the storybook playsets. Now, leadership wants to diversify the actual stories featured at the park. \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Navlet was a member of the Lake Merritt Breakfast Club, a civic-minded group of businessmen who were interested in development. He drummed up their support and, along with Mott, raised seed money to develop a plan for the new park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They hired local artist and industrial designer William Russell Everett, who sketched out the first 17 sets of the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children’s Fairyland officially opened in September 1950, presenting stories such as\u003cem> The Little Red Hen\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Three Billy Goats Gruff\u003c/em>, and the story of Noah’s ark, to nearly half a million people in the first year of operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fairyland soon inspired other cities, like Sacramento, to open their own children’s storybook parks. Metz says Walt Disney himself visited the park and was deeply inspired by it when he opened Disneyland in 1955.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Walt Disney Company says there’s no concrete evidence of Disney’s visit to the park, but records show that he did fly to San Francisco in 1954.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also went on to hire Fairyland’s first executive director, Dorothy Manes, to head up youth activities for Disneyland in the 1950s, according to \u003ca href=\"https://d23.com/ask-dave/chris-alameda-california/\">former Disney archivist Dave Smith\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children’s Fairyland started as a public park, and is now an independent nonprofit, operating with the financial help of memberships, donations and $16 entrance fees. It has endured over the decades, much like the timeless stories it recounts, says Schwarzer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948456\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 603px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948456 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/Oaklandpubliclibrary1955-e1683168812227.jpg\" alt=\"A black-and-white photo of dozens of children sitting on the ground, looking past the camera toward an unseen stage, and laughing really hard. The four boys in the foreground are dressed in cowboy gear, with Western shirts and one wearing a cowboy hat. Most of the children appear Latino and white.\" width=\"603\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/Oaklandpubliclibrary1955-e1683168812227.jpg 603w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/Oaklandpubliclibrary1955-e1683168812227-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 603px) 100vw, 603px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children being entertained at Fairyland in Oakland, California circa 1955. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Oakland Public Library, Oakland History Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is one of Oakland’s most innovative and lasting contributions to the whole country,” he said, about Fairyland’s ability to inspire other fantasy-themed storybook parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Lukas, a cultural anthropologist and author of the book \u003cem>Theme Park\u003c/em>, says Fairyland incorporates stories, fostering play and creativity, in a way that is pretty distinct from most other kids’ entertainment nowadays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast to Fairyland, “they’re not maybe being used for imagination and development of important skills in children, but they’re being used as properties, as brands, as commodities,” Lukas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, he says, Fairyland is not trying to sell you anything or tell you what to think.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"emailsignup","attributes":{"named":{"newslettername":"baycurious","align":"right","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Children get to complete the stories. It’s not about something preset,” said Lukas.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Controversy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While Children’s Fairyland may be a point of pride for Bay Area residents, its history isn’t without controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the park first opened, its creators wanted to hammer home the idea that it was for all small people, including adult little people. So they hired Victor and Edna Wetter as host guides. The married couple, who starred as little people (or “munchkins”) in \u003cem>The Wizard of Oz\u003c/em>, were not much taller than the children who visited the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The couple would show groups of kids throughout the park and tell them the stories that they were seeing,” Metz said. “Unfortunately, the park decided that the job for getting a host guide in Fairyland had to be at a certain height.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City rules dictated that Fairyland hosts had to be of “small stature,” according to Metz. When another employee of average height contested the rule, the controversy got the attention of the mayor and parks director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Wetters just said, you know, we’re not going to be involved with that. So they moved on to something better. And Fairyland took that out of the job description,” Metz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The future of Children’s Fairyland\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite Fairyland’s very multiethnic, multiracial clientele, about 90% of the play sets at the park highlight European folktales, according to the park’s leadership. Over the decades, the park has taken small steps to diversify: There is a Chinese dragon slide, a Japanese “party area,” and a mini Ferris wheel based on Anansi the Spider, the protagonist in folktales from Ghana in West Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The puppet theater, which presents daily shows, has featured more international stories over the years, including a Vietnamese Cinderella story, a Mexican folktale called “Perez and Mondinga,” and Baba Yaga from Slavic folklore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948451\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948451 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6030-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"The narrow backstage of a puppet theater, with two people standing behind a curtain operating marionettes below them. The right side of the frame shows a strip of bright sunlight, where we assume the audience is sitting; behind the curtain are ordinary objects, such as books, a lamp and a painting.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6030-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6030-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6030-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6030-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6030-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6030-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6030-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The puppet theater at Children’s Fairyland has daily shows when the park is open. \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The skin tones of characters in story sets have also been painted various shades of brown in recent years. Little Miss Muffet and the Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe, for example, are now portrayed as Latina and Black, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Fairyland prepares for its 75th anniversary, the park wants to tell more stories that better reflect and celebrate the diverse community it serves, says Executive Director Kymberly Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The park has always tried to be intentional to represent where it sits in Oakland,” Miller said. “I think what we’re looking for is a much deeper, wider intention now around that, because what it is right now is a little bit narrow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948452\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948452 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6078-scaled.jpg\" alt='We see the backs of parents and children sitting on green, pink and yellow benches under yellow shade umbrellas, facing the front of the puppet theater, which has a blue awning and an ochre-colored arch lettered with \"Storybook Puppet Theater.\"' width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6078-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6078-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6078-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6078-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6078-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6078-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6078-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The puppet theater at Children’s Fairyland has daily shows when the park is open. \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Miller says the stories should reflect what kids of different cultural backgrounds hear as they grow up, both in Oakland and throughout the world. The park wants to install several more international sets and make stories accessible in more languages, she says. It’s even considering rotating out some installations, much like conventional museums do with their exhibits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fundamental character of the park that families love — the low-tech, vintage experience that offers a departure from everyday life — won’t change, says Miller. Fairyland goers can look forward to some updated storytelling, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948453\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11948453 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6028-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A view of six marionettes arranged on a high shelf, with varying styles, including a multicolored jester and a white-faced mime.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6028-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6028-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6028-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6028-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6028-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6028-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6028-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Puppets from the folktales and mythologies of different cultures at Children’s Fairyland. \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s about being able to be representative enough as the world changes,” said Miller. Paola Lopez, who recently took her two youngest children to Fairyland, says it would be great to see the park present stories from more places and cultures around the world, like from Peru, where she grew up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, yeah, it’s Oakland … I mean, look around,” said Lopez one recent Saturday afternoon at the park. In addition to European tales, visitors could see “South American stories about the jungle,” she said, or just one other play set that makes more people say, “‘Hey, I grew up listening or reading this story.”’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11948422/the-future-looks-bright-for-childrens-fairyland-as-it-seeks-to-better-reflect-oaklands-cultural-rainbow","authors":["11879"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_18426","news_32702","news_32703","news_2266"],"featImg":"news_11948447","label":"news_33523"},"news_11910890":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11910890","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11910890","score":null,"sort":[1649930485000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-oaklands-16th-street-train-station-helped-build-west-oakland-and-the-modern-civil-rights-movement","title":"How Oakland's 16th Street Train Station Helped Build West Oakland and the Modern Civil Rights Movement","publishDate":1649930485,"format":"image","headTitle":"How Oakland’s 16th Street Train Station Helped Build West Oakland and the Modern Civil Rights Movement | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>If you’re in Oakland, take 16th Street west from downtown like you’re heading to the freeway. As you travel, single-family homes will give way to vacant lots, industrial warehouses and shiny new condominiums. Pretty soon you’ll see the 880 freeway roaring above you. You’ve hit a dead end, and you’ll be staring up at Oakland’s 16th Street Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a massive, 40-foot-high stone structure covered in terra-cotta tiles. Designed in the Beaux Arts style, it’s elegant, with three large arched windows over the main door. There’s a wide parking lot, an old control tower and what looks like the skeleton of an elevated train line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all its grandeur, it clearly has been left to the slow decay of time. Local graffiti artists have covered its once bright walls, the perimeter is encircled by cyclone fencing and weeds grow everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It definitely could have been cared for better,” says Tadd Williams, our question asker. He drives by the station on 880 every day and often wonders about the lives it has lived. “What’s the deal with the 16th Street station?” he wanted to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it happens, the 16th Street station played a crucial role in the Bay Area’s transportation infrastructure during the golden age of rail travel, helped establish a working-class Black community in West Oakland and was a major organizing force behind America’s first Black union.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The golden age of rail travel\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The 16th Street station opened in 1912. Trains were the way to get around, and Oakland soon became a major hub for the Southern Pacific Railroad, which operated a rail yard there. In the decades following its opening, the station boomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910937\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11910937\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Busy_scene_on_the_Southern_Pacific_RR_Oakland_Pier_San_Francisco_CJ_Allen_Steel_Highway_1928-800x479.jpeg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of multiple rail lines and trains exiting a busy train station.\" width=\"800\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Busy_scene_on_the_Southern_Pacific_RR_Oakland_Pier_San_Francisco_CJ_Allen_Steel_Highway_1928-800x479.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Busy_scene_on_the_Southern_Pacific_RR_Oakland_Pier_San_Francisco_CJ_Allen_Steel_Highway_1928-160x96.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Busy_scene_on_the_Southern_Pacific_RR_Oakland_Pier_San_Francisco_CJ_Allen_Steel_Highway_1928.jpeg 803w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Southern Pacific lines approaching Oakland Pier Terminal in 1928. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Busy_scene_on_the_Southern_Pacific_RR%2C_Oakland_Pier%2C_San_Francisco_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It was like an airport is today,” said Mitchell Schwarzer, a professor at California College of the Arts and author of the book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520391536/hella-town\">Hella Town: Oakland’s History of Development and Disruption\u003c/a>.” “Back in the day, there would have been 50 or more trains coming into the station from long distances every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of interurban trains would pass through from all over the East Bay, as would hundreds more street cars. Some trains ran on the first elevated train tracks to be constructed west of the Mississippi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Bridge wasn’t constructed until 1936, so for many years the 16th Street station was a passthrough for travelers headed to San Francisco. Trains took passengers out onto “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXbicSxD0_g\">moles\u003c/a>” — essentially, wooden piers built far out into the bay. Riders then would transfer to a ferry for the final leg of their journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910936\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Key_Route_Pier_postcard_(3).jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11910936\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Key_Route_Pier_postcard_3.jpeg\" alt=\"A color drawing shows ferries and other boats out in the Bay with a long stretch of rail tracks connecting back to the mainland.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1002\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Key_Route_Pier_postcard_3.jpeg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Key_Route_Pier_postcard_3-800x501.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Key_Route_Pier_postcard_3-1020x639.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Key_Route_Pier_postcard_3-160x100.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Key_Route_Pier_postcard_3-1536x962.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Postcard circa 1915-1930: “The Key Route Pier: San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley, Cal.” \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Key_Route_Pier_postcard_(3).jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Perhaps even more surprising, two lanes of traffic on the lower deck of the Bay Bridge were once devoted to rail travel. From 1936, the year the Bay Bridge opened, until 1941, riders could board a train at 16th Street station and take it across the bridge into San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern Pacific Railroad was a major employer in Oakland, and workers migrated from all over the country to live and work in West Oakland near the station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levy Laird arrived in Oakland in the 1920s, and found a job working as a cook on trains. Like many Black people at the time, he was looking for a better life away from the Jim Crow South. The first steps of this new life were into Oakland’s 16th Street Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oakland was a golden doorway to a new life,” said Alan Laird, Levy’s son. “When the doors opened up, and the passengers were departing the train, the engine would let off this last blast of steam. It was like a sigh of relief, like hope is here, we made it, and now we are in a new home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pullman car porters make their mark on West Oakland\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cross-country rail travel could be long, harsh and uncomfortable. So, it was only a matter of time until companies started catering to the wealthy who wanted to travel in style. The Pullman Palace Car Company was known for its luxury sleeping cars, like hotels on wheels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910920\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2288px\">\u003ca href=\"https://lccn.loc.gov/2012649450\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11910920\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SleepingCar.png\" alt=\"Black and white photo of a woman in early 20th century clothing reading while lying down in a sleeping birth on a train. A small hammock for belongings hands abvoe her.\" width=\"2288\" height=\"858\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SleepingCar.png 2288w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SleepingCar-800x300.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SleepingCar-1020x383.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SleepingCar-160x60.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SleepingCar-1536x576.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SleepingCar-2048x768.png 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SleepingCar-1920x720.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2288px) 100vw, 2288px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman reading in bed in a Pullman car berth with curtains up, circa 1905. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://lccn.loc.gov/2012649450\">Geo. R. Lawrence Co./Library of Congress\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Imagine travelers sitting on plush seats, chandeliers hanging from ceilings, windows with silk curtains and dark walnut woodwork. Travelers could get almost anything on a Pullman car, and it took an army of employees to deliver that experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pullman employed maids, waiters and cooks to provide top-quality service. But the porters were the most renowned part of the operation. They would carry luggage, shine shoes and wait on passengers’ every need. The Pullman Palace Car Company hired almost exclusively Black men for these jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was this racist idea of Blacks serving whites in a subsidiary role,” Schwarzer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://interactive.wttw.com/a/chicago-stories-pullman-porters\">Pullman managers expected porters to work 20-hour shifts.\u003c/a> They were at the beck and call of passengers at any time, day or night. Many customers wouldn’t even call the porters by their given names, instead referring to them all as “George,” after the company’s founder, George Pullman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conditions didn’t improve over time. One report from 1935 found that the porters made just $0.278 per hour, whereas workers in manufacturing or federally funded New Deal projects made twice that. Yet despite the terrible working conditions, being a porter was considered a good job. It was one of the few opportunities Black people had to travel and earn a steady income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911065\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11911065 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS189_1319-800x1073.jpg\" alt=\"A very old and poor quality image shows a man wearing a pullman porters uniform holding 2 pieces of luggage at a train station.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1073\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS189_1319-800x1073.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS189_1319-1020x1368.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS189_1319-160x215.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS189_1319-1145x1536.jpg 1145w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS189_1319.jpg 1267w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clinton Jones stands at a railroad station wearing a porter’s uniform and holding two pieces of luggage, circa 1920. \u003ccite>(Cottrell Laurence Dellums papers/African American Museum and Library at Oakland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It was a huge source of employment for Blacks around the country,” Schwarzer said. “The porters had a kind of role as ambassadors of information throughout the United States to Black communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/blackpress/news_bios/defender.html\">Porters often distributed the Chicago Defender\u003c/a> — the largest Black newspaper at the time — across the country, including to the American South, where the paper was banned in some places. The Defender helped fuel the Great Migration out of the South by informing people of opportunities elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The porters also were talking to each other on their long trips, and organizing to take on the systemic racism in the railroad business. In 1925, the porters announced they wanted to form a union. It would come to be known as the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters — the first Black union in the country. It was based in Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the vice president, C.L. Dellums, was based in Oakland,” Schwarzer said. “So Oakland takes on a very large role within the brotherhood. It’s kind of the secondary headquarters of the brotherhood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brotherhood-of-Sleeping-Car-Porters\">The struggle to unionize was a long one, taking 12 years.\u003c/a> The Pullman company fired workers who tried to organize, and did everything they could to discourage the union. But in the end, the porters were successful, and Oakland played no small part.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911063\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11911063\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS014_B12_F11_048-800x654.jpg\" alt=\"A photo shows three black men in suits and ties standing in front of a banner for the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters\" width=\"800\" height=\"654\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS014_B12_F11_048-800x654.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS014_B12_F11_048-1020x834.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS014_B12_F11_048-160x131.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS014_B12_F11_048.jpg 1252w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left, C.L. Dellums, vice president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; A. Philip Randolph, president; and unidentified man, at the 28th anniversary of the union, in 1953. \u003ccite>(Cottrell Laurence Dellums papers/African American Museum and Library at Oakland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s widely reported that the branch that was the most steadfast, that had the largest membership, who supported ongoing union efforts, was the Oakland branch under C.L. Dellums,” Schwarzer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters is credited with helping to establish the Black middle class in America, as well as the modern civil rights movement. \u003ca href=\"https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/a-philip-randolph-first-call-mow/\">In 1941, the porters threatened to march on Washington to protest employment discrimination.\u003c/a> This was more than 20 years before the March on Washington where Martin Luther King Jr. made his “I Have a Dream” speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=103880184#:~:text=Pullman%20Porters%20Helped%20Build%20Black%20Middle%20Class%20Porters%20combined%20their,for%20the%20civil%20rights%20movement.\">porter’s offspring\u003c/a> also made their mark on history. Former San Francisco Mayor Willie Brown and former Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall both are descendants of Pullman porters. C.L. Dellums’s nephew, Ron Dellums, served both as the mayor of Oakland and a U.S. Representative of California in Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at Oakland’s history of civil rights activism, this is really the start,” Schwarzer said. “If you think about the Occupy movement in the 2010s, the Black Panthers in the ’60s and ’70s, or \u003ca href=\"https://moms4housing.org/\">Moms 4 Housing\u003c/a> now, it all goes back to the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good railroad jobs offered at Oakland’s 16th Street Station, along with the nearby Army base, helped the community to thrive. West Oakland had a vibrant business district, swinging nightclubs and plenty of people who owned homes. Alan Laird remembers going to the porters’ union hall with his father. He looked up to the men there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a vibration there,” Laird said. “It felt like I was getting vitamins from them. It was like I was a sponge receiving it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Redevelopment guts West Oakland\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910898\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11910898\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/LamarMcDaniel_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"An older Black man wearing an athletic jacket, necklace and white hat stands in the hall of an old building. Sunlight pores through a window behind him, spotlighting the floor.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/LamarMcDaniel_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/LamarMcDaniel_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/LamarMcDaniel_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/LamarMcDaniel_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/LamarMcDaniel_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former Amtrak employee Lamar McDaniel poses for a portrait in the Main Hall of the 16th Street station in West Oakland on Feb. 16, 2022. McDaniel toured the station with KQED’s Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman and shared his memories on the podcast. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the 1950s, Oakland leaders approved two major infrastructure projects that leveled hundreds of homes and businesses, displacing thousands of mostly Black West Oakland residents. In little more than a decade, the neighborhood suffered the construction of the Cypress viaduct (part of the 880 freeway), a huge regional post office, a BART line and several other “\u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/topics/oaklands-history-of-resistance-to-racism\">urban renewal\u003c/a>” projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no place in the Bay Area that received more abuse than West Oakland,” Schwarzer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without a business district, the economy of West Oakland began to decline. At the same time, the rising popularity of the automobile made the 16th Street station less relevant. By the late 1980s, just a few trains a day stopped there. In 1989, the Loma Prieta earthquake badly damaged the structure, forcing it to close. The last train rolled past it in 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without regular visitors, people squatted inside the building and stripped its once immaculate interior of anything useful. The tracks themselves disappeared, dug up and sold for scrap, leaving the station disconnected from the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of fixing the station’s aging structure, Amtrak opened two new stations serving the Oakland area: the Jack London Square station in 1994, and the Emeryville station in 1993. The 16th Street station and West Oakland’s prosperous past became a distant memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s next for the station?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11910935\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Hall_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A once grand hall stands dilapidated and empty. A stairway leads up to the left and light streams in through huge windows.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Hall_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Hall_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Hall_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Hall_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Hall_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Light shines through windows in the main hall of the now abandoned 16th Street station in West Oakland on Feb. 16, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, the station stands in a strange limbo. BRIDGE Housing, a large affordable housing nonprofit, bought the station in 2005. But after nearly two decades in their care, the station still stands vacant and in disrepair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not just a housing developer, we try to develop community,” said Jim Mather, chief investment officer for BRIDGE. “I think this was seen as something that could benefit the community and something that could help bring West Oakland back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it hasn’t gone according to plan. The building needs over $50 million dollars worth of seismic retrofitting and historic restoration. BRIDGE hoped to get help footing that massive bill from local redevelopment agencies, but the 2008 recession dashed those dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910897\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11910897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Disrepair_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A close up of one wall shows the plaster is crumbling away and bricks can be seen underneath.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Disrepair_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Disrepair_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Disrepair_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Disrepair_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Disrepair_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plaster has crumbled to reveal brick in the Main Hall of 16th Street Station in West Oakland, Feb. 16, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re on hold, trying to find the financing,” Mather said. “So if there are any billionaires listening who want a project, here it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BRIDGE used to rent the station out for events. A few \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GZbaXdK8Js\">music videos\u003c/a> were shot there. But even those uses are a thing of the past. Pieces of the ceiling can fall without warning, Mather said, and the city of Oakland won’t grant BRIDGE permits anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The liability is too high,” Mather said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people want the station turned into a museum for the railroad and the porters; others want it to be an event space. Community advocates, historians and West Oaklanders who remember the building’s former glory don’t want any part of it torn down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever happens here, BRIDGE is going to recognize and honor the history behind the station and its significance to the African American community of Oakland,” Mather said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may never hear a train pull into 16th Street Station again, but it’s possible the site could have a new beginning, just like the people who passed through it all those years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Oakland's 16th Street Station used to be a hub of transcontinental rail travel. Its presence in West Oakland helped build a thriving Black community and business district, before 1950s redevelopment, along with a new reliance on the automobile, disrupted everything.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700532810,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":48,"wordCount":2245},"headData":{"title":"How Oakland's 16th Street Train Station Helped Build West Oakland and the Modern Civil Rights Movement | KQED","description":"Oakland's 16th Street Station used to be a hub of transcontinental rail travel. Its presence in West Oakland helped build a thriving Black community and business district, before 1950s redevelopment, along with a new reliance on the automobile, disrupted everything.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"How Oakland's 16th Street Train Station Helped Build West Oakland and the Modern Civil Rights Movement","datePublished":"2022-04-14T10:01:25.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-21T02:13:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chrt.fm/track/EBCBFA/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC2200691387.mp3?updated=1649955838","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11910890/how-oaklands-16th-street-train-station-helped-build-west-oakland-and-the-modern-civil-rights-movement","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’re in Oakland, take 16th Street west from downtown like you’re heading to the freeway. As you travel, single-family homes will give way to vacant lots, industrial warehouses and shiny new condominiums. Pretty soon you’ll see the 880 freeway roaring above you. You’ve hit a dead end, and you’ll be staring up at Oakland’s 16th Street Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a massive, 40-foot-high stone structure covered in terra-cotta tiles. Designed in the Beaux Arts style, it’s elegant, with three large arched windows over the main door. There’s a wide parking lot, an old control tower and what looks like the skeleton of an elevated train line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all its grandeur, it clearly has been left to the slow decay of time. Local graffiti artists have covered its once bright walls, the perimeter is encircled by cyclone fencing and weeds grow everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It definitely could have been cared for better,” says Tadd Williams, our question asker. He drives by the station on 880 every day and often wonders about the lives it has lived. “What’s the deal with the 16th Street station?” he wanted to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it happens, the 16th Street station played a crucial role in the Bay Area’s transportation infrastructure during the golden age of rail travel, helped establish a working-class Black community in West Oakland and was a major organizing force behind America’s first Black union.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The golden age of rail travel\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The 16th Street station opened in 1912. Trains were the way to get around, and Oakland soon became a major hub for the Southern Pacific Railroad, which operated a rail yard there. In the decades following its opening, the station boomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910937\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11910937\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Busy_scene_on_the_Southern_Pacific_RR_Oakland_Pier_San_Francisco_CJ_Allen_Steel_Highway_1928-800x479.jpeg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of multiple rail lines and trains exiting a busy train station.\" width=\"800\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Busy_scene_on_the_Southern_Pacific_RR_Oakland_Pier_San_Francisco_CJ_Allen_Steel_Highway_1928-800x479.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Busy_scene_on_the_Southern_Pacific_RR_Oakland_Pier_San_Francisco_CJ_Allen_Steel_Highway_1928-160x96.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Busy_scene_on_the_Southern_Pacific_RR_Oakland_Pier_San_Francisco_CJ_Allen_Steel_Highway_1928.jpeg 803w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Southern Pacific lines approaching Oakland Pier Terminal in 1928. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Busy_scene_on_the_Southern_Pacific_RR%2C_Oakland_Pier%2C_San_Francisco_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It was like an airport is today,” said Mitchell Schwarzer, a professor at California College of the Arts and author of the book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520391536/hella-town\">Hella Town: Oakland’s History of Development and Disruption\u003c/a>.” “Back in the day, there would have been 50 or more trains coming into the station from long distances every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of interurban trains would pass through from all over the East Bay, as would hundreds more street cars. Some trains ran on the first elevated train tracks to be constructed west of the Mississippi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Bridge wasn’t constructed until 1936, so for many years the 16th Street station was a passthrough for travelers headed to San Francisco. Trains took passengers out onto “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXbicSxD0_g\">moles\u003c/a>” — essentially, wooden piers built far out into the bay. Riders then would transfer to a ferry for the final leg of their journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910936\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Key_Route_Pier_postcard_(3).jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11910936\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Key_Route_Pier_postcard_3.jpeg\" alt=\"A color drawing shows ferries and other boats out in the Bay with a long stretch of rail tracks connecting back to the mainland.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1002\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Key_Route_Pier_postcard_3.jpeg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Key_Route_Pier_postcard_3-800x501.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Key_Route_Pier_postcard_3-1020x639.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Key_Route_Pier_postcard_3-160x100.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Key_Route_Pier_postcard_3-1536x962.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Postcard circa 1915-1930: “The Key Route Pier: San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley, Cal.” \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Key_Route_Pier_postcard_(3).jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Perhaps even more surprising, two lanes of traffic on the lower deck of the Bay Bridge were once devoted to rail travel. From 1936, the year the Bay Bridge opened, until 1941, riders could board a train at 16th Street station and take it across the bridge into San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern Pacific Railroad was a major employer in Oakland, and workers migrated from all over the country to live and work in West Oakland near the station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levy Laird arrived in Oakland in the 1920s, and found a job working as a cook on trains. Like many Black people at the time, he was looking for a better life away from the Jim Crow South. The first steps of this new life were into Oakland’s 16th Street Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oakland was a golden doorway to a new life,” said Alan Laird, Levy’s son. “When the doors opened up, and the passengers were departing the train, the engine would let off this last blast of steam. It was like a sigh of relief, like hope is here, we made it, and now we are in a new home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pullman car porters make their mark on West Oakland\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cross-country rail travel could be long, harsh and uncomfortable. So, it was only a matter of time until companies started catering to the wealthy who wanted to travel in style. The Pullman Palace Car Company was known for its luxury sleeping cars, like hotels on wheels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910920\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2288px\">\u003ca href=\"https://lccn.loc.gov/2012649450\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11910920\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SleepingCar.png\" alt=\"Black and white photo of a woman in early 20th century clothing reading while lying down in a sleeping birth on a train. A small hammock for belongings hands abvoe her.\" width=\"2288\" height=\"858\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SleepingCar.png 2288w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SleepingCar-800x300.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SleepingCar-1020x383.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SleepingCar-160x60.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SleepingCar-1536x576.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SleepingCar-2048x768.png 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SleepingCar-1920x720.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2288px) 100vw, 2288px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman reading in bed in a Pullman car berth with curtains up, circa 1905. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://lccn.loc.gov/2012649450\">Geo. R. Lawrence Co./Library of Congress\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Imagine travelers sitting on plush seats, chandeliers hanging from ceilings, windows with silk curtains and dark walnut woodwork. Travelers could get almost anything on a Pullman car, and it took an army of employees to deliver that experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pullman employed maids, waiters and cooks to provide top-quality service. But the porters were the most renowned part of the operation. They would carry luggage, shine shoes and wait on passengers’ every need. The Pullman Palace Car Company hired almost exclusively Black men for these jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was this racist idea of Blacks serving whites in a subsidiary role,” Schwarzer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://interactive.wttw.com/a/chicago-stories-pullman-porters\">Pullman managers expected porters to work 20-hour shifts.\u003c/a> They were at the beck and call of passengers at any time, day or night. Many customers wouldn’t even call the porters by their given names, instead referring to them all as “George,” after the company’s founder, George Pullman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conditions didn’t improve over time. One report from 1935 found that the porters made just $0.278 per hour, whereas workers in manufacturing or federally funded New Deal projects made twice that. Yet despite the terrible working conditions, being a porter was considered a good job. It was one of the few opportunities Black people had to travel and earn a steady income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911065\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11911065 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS189_1319-800x1073.jpg\" alt=\"A very old and poor quality image shows a man wearing a pullman porters uniform holding 2 pieces of luggage at a train station.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1073\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS189_1319-800x1073.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS189_1319-1020x1368.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS189_1319-160x215.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS189_1319-1145x1536.jpg 1145w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS189_1319.jpg 1267w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clinton Jones stands at a railroad station wearing a porter’s uniform and holding two pieces of luggage, circa 1920. \u003ccite>(Cottrell Laurence Dellums papers/African American Museum and Library at Oakland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It was a huge source of employment for Blacks around the country,” Schwarzer said. “The porters had a kind of role as ambassadors of information throughout the United States to Black communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/blackpress/news_bios/defender.html\">Porters often distributed the Chicago Defender\u003c/a> — the largest Black newspaper at the time — across the country, including to the American South, where the paper was banned in some places. The Defender helped fuel the Great Migration out of the South by informing people of opportunities elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The porters also were talking to each other on their long trips, and organizing to take on the systemic racism in the railroad business. In 1925, the porters announced they wanted to form a union. It would come to be known as the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters — the first Black union in the country. It was based in Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the vice president, C.L. Dellums, was based in Oakland,” Schwarzer said. “So Oakland takes on a very large role within the brotherhood. It’s kind of the secondary headquarters of the brotherhood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brotherhood-of-Sleeping-Car-Porters\">The struggle to unionize was a long one, taking 12 years.\u003c/a> The Pullman company fired workers who tried to organize, and did everything they could to discourage the union. But in the end, the porters were successful, and Oakland played no small part.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911063\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11911063\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS014_B12_F11_048-800x654.jpg\" alt=\"A photo shows three black men in suits and ties standing in front of a banner for the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters\" width=\"800\" height=\"654\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS014_B12_F11_048-800x654.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS014_B12_F11_048-1020x834.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS014_B12_F11_048-160x131.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/MS014_B12_F11_048.jpg 1252w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left, C.L. Dellums, vice president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; A. Philip Randolph, president; and unidentified man, at the 28th anniversary of the union, in 1953. \u003ccite>(Cottrell Laurence Dellums papers/African American Museum and Library at Oakland)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s widely reported that the branch that was the most steadfast, that had the largest membership, who supported ongoing union efforts, was the Oakland branch under C.L. Dellums,” Schwarzer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters is credited with helping to establish the Black middle class in America, as well as the modern civil rights movement. \u003ca href=\"https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/a-philip-randolph-first-call-mow/\">In 1941, the porters threatened to march on Washington to protest employment discrimination.\u003c/a> This was more than 20 years before the March on Washington where Martin Luther King Jr. made his “I Have a Dream” speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=103880184#:~:text=Pullman%20Porters%20Helped%20Build%20Black%20Middle%20Class%20Porters%20combined%20their,for%20the%20civil%20rights%20movement.\">porter’s offspring\u003c/a> also made their mark on history. Former San Francisco Mayor Willie Brown and former Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall both are descendants of Pullman porters. C.L. Dellums’s nephew, Ron Dellums, served both as the mayor of Oakland and a U.S. Representative of California in Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at Oakland’s history of civil rights activism, this is really the start,” Schwarzer said. “If you think about the Occupy movement in the 2010s, the Black Panthers in the ’60s and ’70s, or \u003ca href=\"https://moms4housing.org/\">Moms 4 Housing\u003c/a> now, it all goes back to the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good railroad jobs offered at Oakland’s 16th Street Station, along with the nearby Army base, helped the community to thrive. West Oakland had a vibrant business district, swinging nightclubs and plenty of people who owned homes. Alan Laird remembers going to the porters’ union hall with his father. He looked up to the men there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a vibration there,” Laird said. “It felt like I was getting vitamins from them. It was like I was a sponge receiving it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Redevelopment guts West Oakland\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910898\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11910898\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/LamarMcDaniel_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"An older Black man wearing an athletic jacket, necklace and white hat stands in the hall of an old building. Sunlight pores through a window behind him, spotlighting the floor.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/LamarMcDaniel_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/LamarMcDaniel_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/LamarMcDaniel_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/LamarMcDaniel_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/LamarMcDaniel_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former Amtrak employee Lamar McDaniel poses for a portrait in the Main Hall of the 16th Street station in West Oakland on Feb. 16, 2022. McDaniel toured the station with KQED’s Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman and shared his memories on the podcast. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the 1950s, Oakland leaders approved two major infrastructure projects that leveled hundreds of homes and businesses, displacing thousands of mostly Black West Oakland residents. In little more than a decade, the neighborhood suffered the construction of the Cypress viaduct (part of the 880 freeway), a huge regional post office, a BART line and several other “\u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/topics/oaklands-history-of-resistance-to-racism\">urban renewal\u003c/a>” projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no place in the Bay Area that received more abuse than West Oakland,” Schwarzer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without a business district, the economy of West Oakland began to decline. At the same time, the rising popularity of the automobile made the 16th Street station less relevant. By the late 1980s, just a few trains a day stopped there. In 1989, the Loma Prieta earthquake badly damaged the structure, forcing it to close. The last train rolled past it in 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without regular visitors, people squatted inside the building and stripped its once immaculate interior of anything useful. The tracks themselves disappeared, dug up and sold for scrap, leaving the station disconnected from the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of fixing the station’s aging structure, Amtrak opened two new stations serving the Oakland area: the Jack London Square station in 1994, and the Emeryville station in 1993. The 16th Street station and West Oakland’s prosperous past became a distant memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s next for the station?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11910935\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Hall_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A once grand hall stands dilapidated and empty. A stairway leads up to the left and light streams in through huge windows.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Hall_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Hall_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Hall_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Hall_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Hall_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Light shines through windows in the main hall of the now abandoned 16th Street station in West Oakland on Feb. 16, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, the station stands in a strange limbo. BRIDGE Housing, a large affordable housing nonprofit, bought the station in 2005. But after nearly two decades in their care, the station still stands vacant and in disrepair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not just a housing developer, we try to develop community,” said Jim Mather, chief investment officer for BRIDGE. “I think this was seen as something that could benefit the community and something that could help bring West Oakland back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it hasn’t gone according to plan. The building needs over $50 million dollars worth of seismic retrofitting and historic restoration. BRIDGE hoped to get help footing that massive bill from local redevelopment agencies, but the 2008 recession dashed those dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910897\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11910897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Disrepair_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A close up of one wall shows the plaster is crumbling away and bricks can be seen underneath.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Disrepair_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Disrepair_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Disrepair_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Disrepair_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Disrepair_16thStreetStationOakland_02162022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plaster has crumbled to reveal brick in the Main Hall of 16th Street Station in West Oakland, Feb. 16, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re on hold, trying to find the financing,” Mather said. “So if there are any billionaires listening who want a project, here it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BRIDGE used to rent the station out for events. A few \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GZbaXdK8Js\">music videos\u003c/a> were shot there. But even those uses are a thing of the past. Pieces of the ceiling can fall without warning, Mather said, and the city of Oakland won’t grant BRIDGE permits anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The liability is too high,” Mather said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people want the station turned into a museum for the railroad and the porters; others want it to be an event space. Community advocates, historians and West Oaklanders who remember the building’s former glory don’t want any part of it torn down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever happens here, BRIDGE is going to recognize and honor the history behind the station and its significance to the African American community of Oakland,” Mather said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may never hear a train pull into 16th Street Station again, but it’s possible the site could have a new beginning, just like the people who passed through it all those years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11910890/how-oaklands-16th-street-train-station-helped-build-west-oakland-and-the-modern-civil-rights-movement","authors":["11785"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_28250","news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_17657","news_30915","news_27626","news_2266","news_28132","news_2318"],"featImg":"news_11910896","label":"source_news_11910890"},"news_11861010":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11861010","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11861010","score":null,"sort":[1613776252000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"memories-of-japanese-american-incarceration-across-generations","title":"Memories of Japanese American Incarceration, Across Generations","publishDate":1613776252,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report Magazine | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":26731,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>For Japanese Americans across California, Feb. 19 marks the Day of Remembrance, the solemn anniversary of the day in 1942 when President Franklin Roosevelt signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11802883/california-apologizes-but-scars-remain\">Executive Order 9066\u003c/a>, which led to the forced relocation and incarceration of more than 120,000 Japanese Americans in prison camps across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Japanese Americans who experienced imprisonment get older, a California project wants to preserve their memories of what happened, while it's still possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.yonseimemoryproject.com/\">The Yonsei Memory Project\u003c/a>, based in Fresno, is an intergenerational effort to capture family stories of World War II and beyond — and the diversity of the Japanese American experience in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/02/19/governor-newsom-issues-proclamation-declaring-a-day-of-remembrance-japanese-american-evacuation-2/\">signed a proclamation\u003c/a> to make Feb. 19 an official Day of Remembrance, calling the executive order \"a decision motivated by discrimination and xenophobia\" and \"a betrayal of our most sacred values as a nation that we must never repeat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this day in 2020, shortly before COVID-19 lockdowns began, Yonsei Memory Project organizers collaborated with \u003ca href=\"https://storycorps.org/\">StoryCorps\u003c/a> to record conversations between family members and friends across generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>These interviews have been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Gary Tsudama and Yutaka Yamamoto\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861094\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Gary-and-Yutaka.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11861094 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Gary-and-Yutaka-800x503.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Gary-and-Yutaka-800x503.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Gary-and-Yutaka-1020x641.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Gary-and-Yutaka-160x101.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Gary-and-Yutaka-1536x966.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Gary-and-Yutaka.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yutaka Yamamoto (left) and Gary Tsudama (right) have been friends since 1951. Both men were sent to incarceration camps as children during World War II. (Courtesy of StoryCorps)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lifelong friends Gary Tsudama, 95, and Yutaka Yamamoto, 88, on memories of the days after Japanese Americans were ordered to leave their homes:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gary\u003c/strong>: My dad came over from Hiroshima when he was 16 years old. He came into the city of Stockton and opened up a grocery store. When the war broke out, we were given the notice of one week to clean up our business, so my dad went around Stockton to find us some grocer who'd buy the stock that was in the store. He found a man to buy it for 60 cents on the dollar. My dad had to agree to it, and then he waited and waited for them to come pick it up. [The] day before we had to leave, he came and gave my dad 15 cents on the dollar. And my dad had no way to get out of it, so he took it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yutaka\u003c/strong>: At that time, nobody said we were Japanese. They used the nickname 'Jap.' That was one of the things that, to this day, I have never forgotten. It’s very painful to hear people call you a 'Jap.' I remember that was a big shock. I remember going to school. I was in the fourth grade then, and I told my teacher, who was a Caucasian, I wouldn't be coming to school from tomorrow. And her only reply was, \"Oh.\" No, not goodbye or nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Harumi Sasaki\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861187\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Harumi-and-Nadine.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11861187 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Harumi-and-Nadine-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Harumi-and-Nadine-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Harumi-and-Nadine-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Harumi-and-Nadine-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Harumi-and-Nadine-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Harumi-and-Nadine.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nadine Takeuchi with her mother Harumi Sasaki. Harumi was born in California, but her family returned to Japan during World War II, and witnessed the bombing of Hiroshima from the nearby countryside where they lived. (Courtesy of StoryCorps)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Harumi Sasaki, 88, telling her daughter, Nadine Takeuchi, about watching the bombing of Hiroshima, from a cave in the mountains:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nadine\u003c/strong>: I know you were born in El Centro, California, but you never said what it was like. What did your parents do in El Centro?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harumi\u003c/strong>: Picked strawberries. It was real hot. We played outside, and no shoes. [aside tag=\"internment,japanese-americans\" label=\"more coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nadine\u003c/strong>: How old were you when you moved to Japan?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harumi\u003c/strong>: 4 or 5 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nadine\u003c/strong>: So as you were growing up, World War II was going on. [You were living in the countryside.] So what happened right before they dropped the bomb? Do you remember? Did you hear airplanes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harumi\u003c/strong>: Everybody was scared and hiding [in the cave]. A little later, we couldn't hear the noise. So we thought, oh, OK. And then, the bomb came out, boom!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nadine\u003c/strong>: You heard a big boom! Did you see it? What did it look like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harumi\u003c/strong>: Smoke, like a mushroom cloud. People are running into our village, little ones, adults, skin hanging, burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nadine\u003c/strong>: [After the war] I remember you had a hard time getting back to California. Even though you were a United States citizen, and so was Dad. Why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harumi\u003c/strong>: Because they think we were a spy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nadine\u003c/strong>: Part of the reason was because Dad was in the camps and answered the questionnaire. He said he would not serve in the army and he would not be loyal to the United States because he was mad [about the treatment of Japanese Americans]. [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Masumoto Family\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861049\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11861049\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nikiko Masumoto (pictured right), with her grandmother Carol and younger brother Korio in 2020. Carol met their grandfather as a teenager in an incarceration camp in Gila River, Arizona. \u003ccite>(Courtey of the Masumoto Family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nikiko Masumoto, peach farmer, author, queer activist and co-founder of the Yonsei Memory Project:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nikiko\u003c/strong>: I’m Yonsei, which means fourth-generation Japanese American. My great grandparents immigrated from Japan. [We're] this tipping point generation, because in most of our families, we're the last generation to know personally the survivors of World War II and incarceration camps. Storytelling implores us to listen deeply. I think when we're able to develop our skills of listening deeply, we can bear witness to each other's pain and then, in turn, we can no longer become vectors of violence. We keep on trying to invite people in to listen. Because I think once someone's story touches your heart, it transforms you in a way that you can no longer hate them. My wish is that we can continue to do those brave acts of deep listening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Carol Masumoto, Nikiko's grandmother, on lessons for the next generation\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nikiko\u003c/strong>: What do you want me and my generation to remember about camp, and after camp?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carol\u003c/strong>: It was a bad thing. My brother got wounded and died [in the war]. I mean, here we were in camp and then they died for our country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nikiko\u003c/strong>: Hopefully we'll learn as a human population to be better to one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carol\u003c/strong>: The younger generation is a lot more understanding, I noticed. Of course, there are more mixed-race people. You get a lot of good understanding, so we all get close to each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861090\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Mas-and-Marcy-Then-and-Now.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11861090 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Mas-and-Marcy-Then-and-Now-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Mas-and-Marcy-Then-and-Now-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Mas-and-Marcy-Then-and-Now-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Mas-and-Marcy-Then-and-Now-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Mas-and-Marcy-Then-and-Now-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Mas-and-Marcy-Then-and-Now.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marcy and David Mas Masumoto standing in a vineyard shortly after they became engaged in the early 80s (left) and in 2020 (right). \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Masumoto Family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Marcy and Mas Masumoto (Nikiko’s parents) on the challenges of navigating racism against Japanese Americans in Marcy's German American family\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marcy\u003c/strong>: [My father's] formative years were during World War II. He carried some very, very strong biases against Japanese, in particular, stemming from the war. The fact that you were Japanese American, he could not separate that. After about 30 years [of our marriage], on the outside, he seemed to be much more accepting. I'm not sure if actually he ever really was on the inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mas\u003c/strong>: I think he represented a lot of America, especially during the war, when 'these people were aliens and foreigners.’ Suddenly we were the enemy, based on how you looked. That led up to internment and Japanese American relocation during World War II. Your understanding of that story, that legacy part of our family history, and that part of me — when you could grasp that, understand it, it was love.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Yuriko Uno Kaku\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861186\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Kaku.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11861186 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Kaku-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Kaku-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Kaku-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Kaku-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Kaku-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Kaku.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yuriko Uno Kaku with her grandson, Karl Kaku, and granddaughter-in-law, Sasha Khokha. (Courtesy of StoryCorps)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Report's Sasha Khokha also participated in an interview with her own grandmother-in-law. \u003c/em>\u003cem>Yuriko Uno Kaku, 97, spoke with Khokha and Karl Kaku about living through the war in Japan as a Japanese American\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yuriko\u003c/strong>: I was born in Oakland, grew up in Alameda until I was 9 years old. My dad was a good painter, did lots of watercolor. He painted this picture of Lake Merritt in 1914. Back then, there were no homes on the hills, it was wide open space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Merritt-Painting.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11861192 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Merritt-Painting-800x590.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"590\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Merritt-Painting-800x590.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Merritt-Painting-1020x752.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Merritt-Painting-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Merritt-Painting-1536x1132.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Merritt-Painting.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A watercolor painting of Oakland's Lake Merritt, circa 1914, by Yuriko Uno Kaku's father, Masamichi Uno. (Sasha Khoka/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sasha\u003c/strong>: Your family went back to live in Japan when you were 9, and when you were a young woman, the war broke out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yuriko\u003c/strong>: Born in the United States, [the Japanese government] thought we were the enemy. They came to check on us, the [Japanese equivalent of the] FBI. We just hid that we had anything to do with America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sasha\u003c/strong>: Did you stop speaking English during that time?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yuriko\u003c/strong>: Yes, we did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sasha\u003c/strong>: At the same time that your family was trying to hide your Americanness in Tokyo, your family back here in California, incarcerated in the camps all around the country, were trying to prove their Americanness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yuriko\u003c/strong>: Yeah, my cousin \u003ca href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Edison_Uno/\">Edison Uno\u003c/a> did a big job with the Japanese American Citizens League [to help launch efforts to get reparations] for Japanese Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Shortly before COVID-19 lockdowns began, Yonsei Memory Project organizers collaborated with StoryCorps to record conversations between family members and friends to capture the complexity of Japanese American identity across generations. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1613779176,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":1518},"headData":{"title":"Memories of Japanese American Incarceration, Across Generations | KQED","description":"Shortly before COVID-19 lockdowns began, Yonsei Memory Project organizers collaborated with StoryCorps to record conversations between family members and friends to capture the complexity of Japanese American identity across generations. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Memories of Japanese American Incarceration, Across Generations","datePublished":"2021-02-19T23:10:52.000Z","dateModified":"2021-02-19T23:59:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11861010 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11861010","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/02/19/memories-of-japanese-american-incarceration-across-generations/","disqusTitle":"Memories of Japanese American Incarceration, Across Generations","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC3030064749.mp3","path":"/news/11861010/memories-of-japanese-american-incarceration-across-generations","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For Japanese Americans across California, Feb. 19 marks the Day of Remembrance, the solemn anniversary of the day in 1942 when President Franklin Roosevelt signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11802883/california-apologizes-but-scars-remain\">Executive Order 9066\u003c/a>, which led to the forced relocation and incarceration of more than 120,000 Japanese Americans in prison camps across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Japanese Americans who experienced imprisonment get older, a California project wants to preserve their memories of what happened, while it's still possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.yonseimemoryproject.com/\">The Yonsei Memory Project\u003c/a>, based in Fresno, is an intergenerational effort to capture family stories of World War II and beyond — and the diversity of the Japanese American experience in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/02/19/governor-newsom-issues-proclamation-declaring-a-day-of-remembrance-japanese-american-evacuation-2/\">signed a proclamation\u003c/a> to make Feb. 19 an official Day of Remembrance, calling the executive order \"a decision motivated by discrimination and xenophobia\" and \"a betrayal of our most sacred values as a nation that we must never repeat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this day in 2020, shortly before COVID-19 lockdowns began, Yonsei Memory Project organizers collaborated with \u003ca href=\"https://storycorps.org/\">StoryCorps\u003c/a> to record conversations between family members and friends across generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>These interviews have been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Gary Tsudama and Yutaka Yamamoto\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861094\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Gary-and-Yutaka.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11861094 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Gary-and-Yutaka-800x503.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Gary-and-Yutaka-800x503.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Gary-and-Yutaka-1020x641.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Gary-and-Yutaka-160x101.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Gary-and-Yutaka-1536x966.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Gary-and-Yutaka.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yutaka Yamamoto (left) and Gary Tsudama (right) have been friends since 1951. Both men were sent to incarceration camps as children during World War II. (Courtesy of StoryCorps)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lifelong friends Gary Tsudama, 95, and Yutaka Yamamoto, 88, on memories of the days after Japanese Americans were ordered to leave their homes:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gary\u003c/strong>: My dad came over from Hiroshima when he was 16 years old. He came into the city of Stockton and opened up a grocery store. When the war broke out, we were given the notice of one week to clean up our business, so my dad went around Stockton to find us some grocer who'd buy the stock that was in the store. He found a man to buy it for 60 cents on the dollar. My dad had to agree to it, and then he waited and waited for them to come pick it up. [The] day before we had to leave, he came and gave my dad 15 cents on the dollar. And my dad had no way to get out of it, so he took it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yutaka\u003c/strong>: At that time, nobody said we were Japanese. They used the nickname 'Jap.' That was one of the things that, to this day, I have never forgotten. It’s very painful to hear people call you a 'Jap.' I remember that was a big shock. I remember going to school. I was in the fourth grade then, and I told my teacher, who was a Caucasian, I wouldn't be coming to school from tomorrow. And her only reply was, \"Oh.\" No, not goodbye or nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Harumi Sasaki\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861187\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Harumi-and-Nadine.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11861187 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Harumi-and-Nadine-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Harumi-and-Nadine-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Harumi-and-Nadine-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Harumi-and-Nadine-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Harumi-and-Nadine-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Harumi-and-Nadine.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nadine Takeuchi with her mother Harumi Sasaki. Harumi was born in California, but her family returned to Japan during World War II, and witnessed the bombing of Hiroshima from the nearby countryside where they lived. (Courtesy of StoryCorps)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Harumi Sasaki, 88, telling her daughter, Nadine Takeuchi, about watching the bombing of Hiroshima, from a cave in the mountains:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nadine\u003c/strong>: I know you were born in El Centro, California, but you never said what it was like. What did your parents do in El Centro?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harumi\u003c/strong>: Picked strawberries. It was real hot. We played outside, and no shoes. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"internment,japanese-americans","label":"more coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nadine\u003c/strong>: How old were you when you moved to Japan?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harumi\u003c/strong>: 4 or 5 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nadine\u003c/strong>: So as you were growing up, World War II was going on. [You were living in the countryside.] So what happened right before they dropped the bomb? Do you remember? Did you hear airplanes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harumi\u003c/strong>: Everybody was scared and hiding [in the cave]. A little later, we couldn't hear the noise. So we thought, oh, OK. And then, the bomb came out, boom!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nadine\u003c/strong>: You heard a big boom! Did you see it? What did it look like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harumi\u003c/strong>: Smoke, like a mushroom cloud. People are running into our village, little ones, adults, skin hanging, burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nadine\u003c/strong>: [After the war] I remember you had a hard time getting back to California. Even though you were a United States citizen, and so was Dad. Why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harumi\u003c/strong>: Because they think we were a spy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nadine\u003c/strong>: Part of the reason was because Dad was in the camps and answered the questionnaire. He said he would not serve in the army and he would not be loyal to the United States because he was mad [about the treatment of Japanese Americans]. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Masumoto Family\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861049\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11861049\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS47226_IMG_4620-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nikiko Masumoto (pictured right), with her grandmother Carol and younger brother Korio in 2020. Carol met their grandfather as a teenager in an incarceration camp in Gila River, Arizona. \u003ccite>(Courtey of the Masumoto Family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nikiko Masumoto, peach farmer, author, queer activist and co-founder of the Yonsei Memory Project:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nikiko\u003c/strong>: I’m Yonsei, which means fourth-generation Japanese American. My great grandparents immigrated from Japan. [We're] this tipping point generation, because in most of our families, we're the last generation to know personally the survivors of World War II and incarceration camps. Storytelling implores us to listen deeply. I think when we're able to develop our skills of listening deeply, we can bear witness to each other's pain and then, in turn, we can no longer become vectors of violence. We keep on trying to invite people in to listen. Because I think once someone's story touches your heart, it transforms you in a way that you can no longer hate them. My wish is that we can continue to do those brave acts of deep listening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Carol Masumoto, Nikiko's grandmother, on lessons for the next generation\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nikiko\u003c/strong>: What do you want me and my generation to remember about camp, and after camp?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carol\u003c/strong>: It was a bad thing. My brother got wounded and died [in the war]. I mean, here we were in camp and then they died for our country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nikiko\u003c/strong>: Hopefully we'll learn as a human population to be better to one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carol\u003c/strong>: The younger generation is a lot more understanding, I noticed. Of course, there are more mixed-race people. You get a lot of good understanding, so we all get close to each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861090\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Mas-and-Marcy-Then-and-Now.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11861090 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Mas-and-Marcy-Then-and-Now-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Mas-and-Marcy-Then-and-Now-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Mas-and-Marcy-Then-and-Now-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Mas-and-Marcy-Then-and-Now-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Mas-and-Marcy-Then-and-Now-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Mas-and-Marcy-Then-and-Now.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marcy and David Mas Masumoto standing in a vineyard shortly after they became engaged in the early 80s (left) and in 2020 (right). \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Masumoto Family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Marcy and Mas Masumoto (Nikiko’s parents) on the challenges of navigating racism against Japanese Americans in Marcy's German American family\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marcy\u003c/strong>: [My father's] formative years were during World War II. He carried some very, very strong biases against Japanese, in particular, stemming from the war. The fact that you were Japanese American, he could not separate that. After about 30 years [of our marriage], on the outside, he seemed to be much more accepting. I'm not sure if actually he ever really was on the inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mas\u003c/strong>: I think he represented a lot of America, especially during the war, when 'these people were aliens and foreigners.’ Suddenly we were the enemy, based on how you looked. That led up to internment and Japanese American relocation during World War II. Your understanding of that story, that legacy part of our family history, and that part of me — when you could grasp that, understand it, it was love.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Yuriko Uno Kaku\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861186\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Kaku.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11861186 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Kaku-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Kaku-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Kaku-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Kaku-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Kaku-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Kaku.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yuriko Uno Kaku with her grandson, Karl Kaku, and granddaughter-in-law, Sasha Khokha. (Courtesy of StoryCorps)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Report's Sasha Khokha also participated in an interview with her own grandmother-in-law. \u003c/em>\u003cem>Yuriko Uno Kaku, 97, spoke with Khokha and Karl Kaku about living through the war in Japan as a Japanese American\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yuriko\u003c/strong>: I was born in Oakland, grew up in Alameda until I was 9 years old. My dad was a good painter, did lots of watercolor. He painted this picture of Lake Merritt in 1914. Back then, there were no homes on the hills, it was wide open space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11861192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Merritt-Painting.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11861192 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Merritt-Painting-800x590.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"590\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Merritt-Painting-800x590.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Merritt-Painting-1020x752.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Merritt-Painting-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Merritt-Painting-1536x1132.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/Lake-Merritt-Painting.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A watercolor painting of Oakland's Lake Merritt, circa 1914, by Yuriko Uno Kaku's father, Masamichi Uno. (Sasha Khoka/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sasha\u003c/strong>: Your family went back to live in Japan when you were 9, and when you were a young woman, the war broke out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yuriko\u003c/strong>: Born in the United States, [the Japanese government] thought we were the enemy. They came to check on us, the [Japanese equivalent of the] FBI. We just hid that we had anything to do with America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sasha\u003c/strong>: Did you stop speaking English during that time?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yuriko\u003c/strong>: Yes, we did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sasha\u003c/strong>: At the same time that your family was trying to hide your Americanness in Tokyo, your family back here in California, incarcerated in the camps all around the country, were trying to prove their Americanness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yuriko\u003c/strong>: Yeah, my cousin \u003ca href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Edison_Uno/\">Edison Uno\u003c/a> did a big job with the Japanese American Citizens League [to help launch efforts to get reparations] for Japanese Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11861010/memories-of-japanese-american-incarceration-across-generations","authors":["254","8637"],"programs":["news_72","news_26731"],"categories":["news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_29182","news_24788","news_20676","news_37","news_2842","news_29181","news_22582","news_17856","news_2266","news_6501","news_28704"],"affiliates":["news_29183"],"featImg":"news_11861198","label":"news_26731"},"news_11780468":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11780468","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11780468","score":null,"sort":[1571306424000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-rocky-road-ice-cream-got-its-start-in-oakland","title":"How Rocky Road Ice Cream Got Its Start in Oakland","publishDate":1571306424,"format":"standard","headTitle":"How Rocky Road Ice Cream Got Its Start in Oakland | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area. This story is part of a series on locally-invented foods inspired by a question from listener Brent Silver. It first aired on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to imagine in this era of salted caramel and matcha tea, but there was a time when the American ice cream palate was limited to chocolate, vanilla and strawberry. The invention of Rocky Road in the 1920s changed the ice cream game with “mix-ins” — adding the bumpy texture of nuts, and the soft, pillowy chew of marshmallows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly a century has passed since Rocky Road was invented, but there’s still a dispute over just who thought up the recipe for Rocky Road ice cream: \u003ca href=\"https://www.fentonscreamery.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fenton’s Creamery \u003c/a>or \u003ca href=\"https://www.dreyers.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dreyer’s Grand Ice Cream\u003c/a>. The one certain thing is that the flavor was invented in Oakland, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>An Antidote to the Great Depression\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775012\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11775012\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Tour guide Lauren Herpich, of Local Food Adventures, holds up historical photos as she gives an ice cream tour of Oakland's Rockridge neighborhood. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336.jpg 1260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tour guide Lauren Herpich, of Local Food Adventures, holds up historical photos as she gives an ice cream tour of Oakland’s Rockridge neighborhood. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Local Food Adventures)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There was a man named William Dreyer. He was a German immigrant. He loved making ice cream and so he made it out of a candy shop,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.localfoodadventures.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Local Tour Adventures\u003c/a> guide Lauren Herpich, whom I joined for an \u003ca href=\"https://www.localfoodadventures.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ice cream tour\u003c/a> of College Avenue — a tiny shopping district running through North Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The street is home to the original headquarters of Dreyer’s Grand Ice Cream, which was founded in 1928.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year after its opening, the American stock market crashed. Shantytowns consequently developed along Oakland’s waterfront.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So William Dreyer decides ‘what I want to do is make a new ice cream flavor that puts a smile on people’s faces during this rocky road of life,” Herpich said. “Rocky Road becomes America’s first blockbuster ice cream flavor after chocolate, vanilla and strawberry. So really, we can say thanks to Mr. Dreyer for starting the whole idea of new ice cream flavors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is the official \u003ca href=\"https://www.nestle.com/aboutus/history/nestle-company-history/dreyers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> from Dreyer’s, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[It was] the first time marshmallow was ever used in ice cream,” said John Harrison, the guy who invented Cookies ‘N Cream ice cream and some 75 other new flavors for Dreyer’s starting in the 1980s. He was also part of an\u003ca href=\"http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/ROHO/projects/dreyers/index.html\"> oral history project\u003c/a> with UC Berkeley’s Bancroft Library, documenting the long history of Dreyer’s Grand Ice Cream in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RWcqJ4LHM8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only marshmallow that was available in 1929 was the large fireside marshmallow that their wives used to cut up, bite-size. You can’t put a whole. Wouldn’t work,” Harrison explained, making gummy chewing sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison said William Dreyer adapted a popular candy of the period, made with marshmallows and walnuts — but he used almonds instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775368\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 572px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11775368 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39242_dreyers-truck-vintage-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"572\" height=\"276\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39242_dreyers-truck-vintage-qut.jpg 572w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39242_dreyers-truck-vintage-qut-160x77.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 572px) 100vw, 572px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Early Dreyer’s ice cream trucks operated with huge blocks of ice to keep the Rocky Road cool. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Nestle. (NESTLÉ® and Dreyer's are registered trademarks of Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland.))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The candy and ice cream industry has been interwoven since day one,” Harrison said. “Originally, it was walnuts, but it didn’t have that bite, that crispness, that freshness, lasting. It’s too porous. It absorbs and gets soggy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dreyer’s has expanded well beyond Oakland since. It was bought by Nestle in 2002 and its ice cream is stocked in nearly every supermarket freezer (It’s branded as Edy’s on the East Coast.) Nestlé continues to market the brand and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nestle.com/aboutus/history/nestle-company-history/dreyers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">claim\u003c/a> that Dreyer invented Rocky Road.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Walnuts vs. Almonds\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775091\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11775091 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Fenton’s Rocky Road sundae. Fenton’s Creamery has not done much to advertise its claim to Rocky Road, although it does mention it on the menu. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just down the road from where Dreyer’s got its start in Oakland, there’s another much smaller ice cream company that also claims to have invented Rocky Road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775053\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-11775053\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39118_best-of-whidden-and-RR-qut-1-e1569096311914-800x1060.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39118_best-of-whidden-and-RR-qut-1-e1569096311914-800x1060.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39118_best-of-whidden-and-RR-qut-1-e1569096311914-160x212.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39118_best-of-whidden-and-RR-qut-1-e1569096311914-1020x1351.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39118_best-of-whidden-and-RR-qut-1-e1569096311914-906x1200.jpg 906w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39118_best-of-whidden-and-RR-qut-1-e1569096311914.jpg 1214w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fenton’s owner and Master Blender Scott Whidden showing off a new batch of Rocky Road with longtime Fenton’s ice cream maker Alfredo Macias. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At Fenton’s Creamery, owner and master blender Scott Whidden holds a tub under a spigot churning out fresh chocolate ice cream. He puts in fistfuls of nuts and marshmallows that he scoops from plastic tubs. He adds walnuts, instead of almonds — just like the original candy bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m looking for equal parts [in each bite],” explained Whidden over the whirring ice cream machine. “If you have a marshmallow, I want you to have maybe one or two of the walnuts,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whidden said small-batch and handmade is the way Fenton’s has made its ice cream since the 1920s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, he said, is when Melvin Fenton — grandson of the original owner — came up with the idea for Rocky Road. There’s a picture of him in the parlor, where dozens of families are sitting in red vinyl booths enjoying giant sundaes in old-fashioned glass dishes. In the photo, Melvin Fenton is loading fresh cream off of a tiny airplane that he flew as an amateur pilot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Melvin was like the black sheep of the family,” said Whidden. More like a wildcat and an inventor who could see beyond the trifecta of vanilla, chocolate and strawberry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s a visionary,” said Whidden. “Forward-thinking guy. And he goes, ‘Whoa. Mix-ins!’ So the thought process on it was, we’re into the depression, it’s bad times. Smooth ice cream, and then there’s these bumps, it gets rocky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sounds familiar: Rocky Road, the bumpy road of life during the Depression. Chocolate, marshmallows, nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775078\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11775078\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39105_MELVIN_AIRPLANE_DIVCO-qut-800x529.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39105_MELVIN_AIRPLANE_DIVCO-qut-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39105_MELVIN_AIRPLANE_DIVCO-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39105_MELVIN_AIRPLANE_DIVCO-qut-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39105_MELVIN_AIRPLANE_DIVCO-qut-1200x793.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39105_MELVIN_AIRPLANE_DIVCO-qut.jpg 1298w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Melvin Fenton loading fresh cream off an airplane into a delivery truck. Fenton’s claims that Melvin invented Rocky Road. Photo Courtesy Fenton’s Creamery. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Fenton's Ice Cream)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>An Ice Cream Expert Weighs In \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>These days, Rocky Road is still one of Fenton’s top-selling flavors. They serve it up in giant scoops and decadent sundaes. When I visited Fenton’s, \u003ca href=\"http://amyettinger.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amy Ettinger \u003c/a>and I ordered sundaes with whipped cream and cherries, gleefully fishing for the walnuts and marshmallows. Ettinger is an ice cream historian, the author of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11593783/vanilla-chocolate-strawberry-and-oyster-a-year-of-ice-cream\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sweet Spot, An Ice Cream Binge Across America\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775079\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 303px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11775079 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"303\" height=\"404\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 303px) 100vw, 303px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amy Ettinger says Rocky Road was the flavor of her childhood. Here she is at Fenton’s Creamery enjoying a sundae. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s very common in ice cream history to have these kinds of disputes,” said Ettinger. “The 1904 World’s Fair was when the ice cream cone was invented and six different vendors claimed that they were the ones who invented it. Unless you have a time machine, or you know you were actually the inventor, there’s no way really to tell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ettinger said Rocky Road is the flavor of her childhood. Not the Fenton’s Rocky Road she’s eating, but the Dreyer’s with the almonds you can buy at the grocery store. She said she feels a little sheepish saying that, because it’s kind of a David and Goliath story: the mom and pop parlor versus what is today a multinational giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s very interesting is Fenton’s is a very beloved Bay Area institution,” said Ettinger. “But it is not well known outside of the Bay Area. So regardless of who actually invented it, Dreyer’s is hands down the \u003cem>marketer\u003c/em> of Rocky Road. They built their brand on the invention and the marketing of Rocky Road. Just because the other company is the one that got the word out about it, doesn’t mean that Fenton’s didn’t invent it. There’s no way for us to know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775082\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11775082\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fenton’s is known for its decadent sundaes, including those made with Rocky Road. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are other theories too:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Fenton’s original candy maker, George Farren, was friends with Dreyer and so perhaps he shared his idea for a Rocky Road ice cream based on the candy with both ice cream companies. It’s unclear whether the original candy bar, popular in the 1920s, was called Rocky Road. There’s still a Rocky Road candy bar today, invented in San Francisco in the 1950s, that uses cashews. It’s all a bit nutty!\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Fenton’s owner Scott Whidden claimed Dreyer’s just stole the credit, even though they knew Fenton’s had invented it. Whidden said Dreyer’s former president Ken Cook, who ran Dreyer’s from 1963-1977, was his mentor. The one who encouraged him to buy Fenton’s and admitted to him that Fenton’s actually invented Rocky Road. Cook passed away in 1991, so there’s no way to verify that claim, although the online publication Quartzy tried to \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/quartzy/1376713/who-invented-rocky-road-ice-cream-its-complicated/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">track it down\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Then there’s the even more radical theory that, in fact, Rocky Road was born in Topeka, Kansas. There is a recipe in a candy cookbook printed there that predates either Fenton’s or Dreyer’s. It calls for honey whip instead of marshmallows.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775080\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11775080\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/Screen-Shot-2019-09-17-at-1.21.14-PM-800x624.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"624\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/Screen-Shot-2019-09-17-at-1.21.14-PM-800x624.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/Screen-Shot-2019-09-17-at-1.21.14-PM-160x125.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/Screen-Shot-2019-09-17-at-1.21.14-PM.png 982w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rigby’s Reliable Candy Teacher (this edition published 1920 in Topeka, Kansas) includes a recipe for Rocky Road that predates either Fenton’s or Dreyer’s.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ice cream expert Amy Ettinger said the Kansas theory doesn’t count because honey whip isn’t marshmallows. Rocky Road definitely came from Oakland. And who cares who invented it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day I don’t know that it matters,” said Ettinger. I mean, if both places are creating really good scoops of Rocky Road ice cream now, and they both have their little twist on it. How important is it who the original inventor was?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Rocky Road was America’s first blockbuster ice cream flavor after chocolate, vanilla and strawberry. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700590969,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1765},"headData":{"title":"How Rocky Road Ice Cream Got Its Start in Oakland | KQED","description":"Rocky Road was America’s first blockbuster ice cream flavor after chocolate, vanilla and strawberry. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"How Rocky Road Ice Cream Got Its Start in Oakland","datePublished":"2019-10-17T10:00:24.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-21T18:22:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious","audioUrl":"http://traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC7989877054.mp3","audioTrackLength":606,"path":"/news/11780468/how-rocky-road-ice-cream-got-its-start-in-oakland","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area. This story is part of a series on locally-invented foods inspired by a question from listener Brent Silver. It first aired on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to imagine in this era of salted caramel and matcha tea, but there was a time when the American ice cream palate was limited to chocolate, vanilla and strawberry. The invention of Rocky Road in the 1920s changed the ice cream game with “mix-ins” — adding the bumpy texture of nuts, and the soft, pillowy chew of marshmallows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly a century has passed since Rocky Road was invented, but there’s still a dispute over just who thought up the recipe for Rocky Road ice cream: \u003ca href=\"https://www.fentonscreamery.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fenton’s Creamery \u003c/a>or \u003ca href=\"https://www.dreyers.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dreyer’s Grand Ice Cream\u003c/a>. The one certain thing is that the flavor was invented in Oakland, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>An Antidote to the Great Depression\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775012\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11775012\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Tour guide Lauren Herpich, of Local Food Adventures, holds up historical photos as she gives an ice cream tour of Oakland's Rockridge neighborhood. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39102_LocalFoodAdventures_TL2018-30-qut-e1569096415336.jpg 1260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tour guide Lauren Herpich, of Local Food Adventures, holds up historical photos as she gives an ice cream tour of Oakland’s Rockridge neighborhood. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Local Food Adventures)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There was a man named William Dreyer. He was a German immigrant. He loved making ice cream and so he made it out of a candy shop,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.localfoodadventures.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Local Tour Adventures\u003c/a> guide Lauren Herpich, whom I joined for an \u003ca href=\"https://www.localfoodadventures.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ice cream tour\u003c/a> of College Avenue — a tiny shopping district running through North Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The street is home to the original headquarters of Dreyer’s Grand Ice Cream, which was founded in 1928.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year after its opening, the American stock market crashed. Shantytowns consequently developed along Oakland’s waterfront.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So William Dreyer decides ‘what I want to do is make a new ice cream flavor that puts a smile on people’s faces during this rocky road of life,” Herpich said. “Rocky Road becomes America’s first blockbuster ice cream flavor after chocolate, vanilla and strawberry. So really, we can say thanks to Mr. Dreyer for starting the whole idea of new ice cream flavors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is the official \u003ca href=\"https://www.nestle.com/aboutus/history/nestle-company-history/dreyers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> from Dreyer’s, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[It was] the first time marshmallow was ever used in ice cream,” said John Harrison, the guy who invented Cookies ‘N Cream ice cream and some 75 other new flavors for Dreyer’s starting in the 1980s. He was also part of an\u003ca href=\"http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/ROHO/projects/dreyers/index.html\"> oral history project\u003c/a> with UC Berkeley’s Bancroft Library, documenting the long history of Dreyer’s Grand Ice Cream in Oakland.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/_RWcqJ4LHM8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/_RWcqJ4LHM8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“The only marshmallow that was available in 1929 was the large fireside marshmallow that their wives used to cut up, bite-size. You can’t put a whole. Wouldn’t work,” Harrison explained, making gummy chewing sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison said William Dreyer adapted a popular candy of the period, made with marshmallows and walnuts — but he used almonds instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775368\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 572px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11775368 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39242_dreyers-truck-vintage-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"572\" height=\"276\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39242_dreyers-truck-vintage-qut.jpg 572w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39242_dreyers-truck-vintage-qut-160x77.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 572px) 100vw, 572px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Early Dreyer’s ice cream trucks operated with huge blocks of ice to keep the Rocky Road cool. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Nestle. (NESTLÉ® and Dreyer's are registered trademarks of Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland.))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The candy and ice cream industry has been interwoven since day one,” Harrison said. “Originally, it was walnuts, but it didn’t have that bite, that crispness, that freshness, lasting. It’s too porous. It absorbs and gets soggy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dreyer’s has expanded well beyond Oakland since. It was bought by Nestle in 2002 and its ice cream is stocked in nearly every supermarket freezer (It’s branded as Edy’s on the East Coast.) Nestlé continues to market the brand and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nestle.com/aboutus/history/nestle-company-history/dreyers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">claim\u003c/a> that Dreyer invented Rocky Road.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Walnuts vs. Almonds\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775091\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11775091 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/rocky-road-w-menu-2.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Fenton’s Rocky Road sundae. Fenton’s Creamery has not done much to advertise its claim to Rocky Road, although it does mention it on the menu. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just down the road from where Dreyer’s got its start in Oakland, there’s another much smaller ice cream company that also claims to have invented Rocky Road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775053\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-11775053\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39118_best-of-whidden-and-RR-qut-1-e1569096311914-800x1060.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39118_best-of-whidden-and-RR-qut-1-e1569096311914-800x1060.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39118_best-of-whidden-and-RR-qut-1-e1569096311914-160x212.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39118_best-of-whidden-and-RR-qut-1-e1569096311914-1020x1351.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39118_best-of-whidden-and-RR-qut-1-e1569096311914-906x1200.jpg 906w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39118_best-of-whidden-and-RR-qut-1-e1569096311914.jpg 1214w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fenton’s owner and Master Blender Scott Whidden showing off a new batch of Rocky Road with longtime Fenton’s ice cream maker Alfredo Macias. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At Fenton’s Creamery, owner and master blender Scott Whidden holds a tub under a spigot churning out fresh chocolate ice cream. He puts in fistfuls of nuts and marshmallows that he scoops from plastic tubs. He adds walnuts, instead of almonds — just like the original candy bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m looking for equal parts [in each bite],” explained Whidden over the whirring ice cream machine. “If you have a marshmallow, I want you to have maybe one or two of the walnuts,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whidden said small-batch and handmade is the way Fenton’s has made its ice cream since the 1920s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, he said, is when Melvin Fenton — grandson of the original owner — came up with the idea for Rocky Road. There’s a picture of him in the parlor, where dozens of families are sitting in red vinyl booths enjoying giant sundaes in old-fashioned glass dishes. In the photo, Melvin Fenton is loading fresh cream off of a tiny airplane that he flew as an amateur pilot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Melvin was like the black sheep of the family,” said Whidden. More like a wildcat and an inventor who could see beyond the trifecta of vanilla, chocolate and strawberry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s a visionary,” said Whidden. “Forward-thinking guy. And he goes, ‘Whoa. Mix-ins!’ So the thought process on it was, we’re into the depression, it’s bad times. Smooth ice cream, and then there’s these bumps, it gets rocky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sounds familiar: Rocky Road, the bumpy road of life during the Depression. Chocolate, marshmallows, nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775078\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11775078\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39105_MELVIN_AIRPLANE_DIVCO-qut-800x529.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39105_MELVIN_AIRPLANE_DIVCO-qut-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39105_MELVIN_AIRPLANE_DIVCO-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39105_MELVIN_AIRPLANE_DIVCO-qut-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39105_MELVIN_AIRPLANE_DIVCO-qut-1200x793.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39105_MELVIN_AIRPLANE_DIVCO-qut.jpg 1298w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Melvin Fenton loading fresh cream off an airplane into a delivery truck. Fenton’s claims that Melvin invented Rocky Road. Photo Courtesy Fenton’s Creamery. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Fenton's Ice Cream)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>An Ice Cream Expert Weighs In \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>These days, Rocky Road is still one of Fenton’s top-selling flavors. They serve it up in giant scoops and decadent sundaes. When I visited Fenton’s, \u003ca href=\"http://amyettinger.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amy Ettinger \u003c/a>and I ordered sundaes with whipped cream and cherries, gleefully fishing for the walnuts and marshmallows. Ettinger is an ice cream historian, the author of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11593783/vanilla-chocolate-strawberry-and-oyster-a-year-of-ice-cream\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sweet Spot, An Ice Cream Binge Across America\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775079\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 303px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11775079 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"303\" height=\"404\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39095_Amy-Ettinger-qut-e1568841953603.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 303px) 100vw, 303px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amy Ettinger says Rocky Road was the flavor of her childhood. Here she is at Fenton’s Creamery enjoying a sundae. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s very common in ice cream history to have these kinds of disputes,” said Ettinger. “The 1904 World’s Fair was when the ice cream cone was invented and six different vendors claimed that they were the ones who invented it. Unless you have a time machine, or you know you were actually the inventor, there’s no way really to tell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ettinger said Rocky Road is the flavor of her childhood. Not the Fenton’s Rocky Road she’s eating, but the Dreyer’s with the almonds you can buy at the grocery store. She said she feels a little sheepish saying that, because it’s kind of a David and Goliath story: the mom and pop parlor versus what is today a multinational giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s very interesting is Fenton’s is a very beloved Bay Area institution,” said Ettinger. “But it is not well known outside of the Bay Area. So regardless of who actually invented it, Dreyer’s is hands down the \u003cem>marketer\u003c/em> of Rocky Road. They built their brand on the invention and the marketing of Rocky Road. Just because the other company is the one that got the word out about it, doesn’t mean that Fenton’s didn’t invent it. There’s no way for us to know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775082\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11775082\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS39090_sundae-beauty-pageant-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fenton’s is known for its decadent sundaes, including those made with Rocky Road. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are other theories too:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Fenton’s original candy maker, George Farren, was friends with Dreyer and so perhaps he shared his idea for a Rocky Road ice cream based on the candy with both ice cream companies. It’s unclear whether the original candy bar, popular in the 1920s, was called Rocky Road. There’s still a Rocky Road candy bar today, invented in San Francisco in the 1950s, that uses cashews. It’s all a bit nutty!\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Fenton’s owner Scott Whidden claimed Dreyer’s just stole the credit, even though they knew Fenton’s had invented it. Whidden said Dreyer’s former president Ken Cook, who ran Dreyer’s from 1963-1977, was his mentor. The one who encouraged him to buy Fenton’s and admitted to him that Fenton’s actually invented Rocky Road. Cook passed away in 1991, so there’s no way to verify that claim, although the online publication Quartzy tried to \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/quartzy/1376713/who-invented-rocky-road-ice-cream-its-complicated/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">track it down\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Then there’s the even more radical theory that, in fact, Rocky Road was born in Topeka, Kansas. There is a recipe in a candy cookbook printed there that predates either Fenton’s or Dreyer’s. It calls for honey whip instead of marshmallows.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775080\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11775080\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/Screen-Shot-2019-09-17-at-1.21.14-PM-800x624.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"624\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/Screen-Shot-2019-09-17-at-1.21.14-PM-800x624.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/Screen-Shot-2019-09-17-at-1.21.14-PM-160x125.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/Screen-Shot-2019-09-17-at-1.21.14-PM.png 982w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rigby’s Reliable Candy Teacher (this edition published 1920 in Topeka, Kansas) includes a recipe for Rocky Road that predates either Fenton’s or Dreyer’s.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ice cream expert Amy Ettinger said the Kansas theory doesn’t count because honey whip isn’t marshmallows. Rocky Road definitely came from Oakland. And who cares who invented it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day I don’t know that it matters,” said Ettinger. I mean, if both places are creating really good scoops of Rocky Road ice cream now, and they both have their little twist on it. How important is it who the original inventor was?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11780468/how-rocky-road-ice-cream-got-its-start-in-oakland","authors":["254"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_223","news_24114","news_33520"],"tags":["news_18426","news_24374","news_26693","news_26689","news_21324","news_2266","news_26688"],"featImg":"news_11780479","label":"source_news_11780468"},"news_11661407":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11661407","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11661407","score":null,"sort":[1523662253000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-time-traveling-map-for-rapidly-changing-oakland","title":"A Time-Traveling Map for Rapidly Changing Oakland","publishDate":1523662253,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listen to more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine standing along the shores of Oakland’s Lake Merritt, but instead of seeing the downtown skyline you see Native American shellmounds, a roller coaster and grizzly bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the idea behind a new project called \u003ca href=\"https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/eastbayyesterday/long-lost-oakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Long Lost Oakland\u003c/a>. It’s a map of the buildings, plants and animals that \u003cem>used\u003c/em> to be there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661517\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11661517\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A close-up of the map shows an old amusement park, called Idora Park. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661519\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11661519\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30384_IdoraPark-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30384_IdoraPark-qut-1.jpg 750w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30384_IdoraPark-qut-1-160x66.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30384_IdoraPark-qut-1-240x99.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30384_IdoraPark-qut-1-375x154.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30384_IdoraPark-qut-1-520x214.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A historic photo of Idora Park. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Liam O'Donoghue)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even though he has lived here for only eight years, Liam O'Donoghue knows a lot about Oakland. He's the host of the podcast \u003ca href=\"https://eastbayyesterday.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay Yesterday\u003c/a>, and spent the last year buried in historical archives, researching centuries of Oakland’s past to recreate what the city once was, in a beautiful hand-illustrated map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poster-size map is colorful, and the drawings are bold like you’d see in a comic book. But don’t expect this map to give you any directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that this map actually is useful for navigating,\" he says. \"But it's more about navigating through time, as opposed to navigating through the geography of a city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that time spans from the 1800s to the mid-1900s, when San Francisco Bay was filled with coho salmon and orchards lined the streets of the Fruitvale District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When streetcars -- part of what was called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayarearailfan.org/photogal/thumbnails.php?album=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Key System\u003c/a> -- rumbled through downtown and across the Bay Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661507\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 601px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11661507\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"601\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut.jpg 601w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-375x374.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-520x519.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 601px) 100vw, 601px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A historical drawing of a house in today's Fruitvale District, circa 1878. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Liam O'Donoghue)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>O'Donoghue says his inspiration for making this map came from the city itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I live on Telegraph Avenue. My desk window looks right out at the city,\" he explains. \"Over the many years I've lived there, I've watched buildings get torn down, I've watched new buildings go up. Part of this project is about sort of understanding the disorientation of living in a city where so much is changing so fast.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this time of rapid change is not unusual for Oakland. O'Donoghue says the Transcontinental Railroad, the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the Great Depression are all examples of changes that Oakland faced in a matter of decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Understanding how Oakland dealt with these times of rapid change is helpful for navigating the changes that we're going through now. And it's not about saying that, you know, all the changes happening now are good or OK, but it's like, how did they deal with it and what can we learn from the mistakes?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are some big mistakes to learn from. Like the treatment of the native \u003ca href=\"http://www.muwekma.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ohlone\u003c/a> people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think genocide is too strong of a word to use to describe what happened to the Ohlone civilization,\" O'Donoghue says somberly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Colonization] destroyed a lot of the habitat. There were invasive species. This is the flip side, like all the wonderful things you see in Oakland right now. It all came at a price.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661509\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11661509\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-800x640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-800x640.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-160x128.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-1020x816.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-1180x944.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-960x768.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-240x192.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-375x300.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-520x416.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The map shows an Ohlone shellmound where it would have existed before colonization. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Liam O'Donoghue)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>O'Donoghue has set up a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/eastbayyesterday/long-lost-oakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kickstarter\u003c/a> to support the Long Lost Oakland project, but he’s giving the map away to teachers for free, in the hope that it will inspire students of all ages do their own research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, it’s working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Donoghue notes the email he received from a fourth-grade teacher in Fruitvale: \"[She] said that she's inspired by Long Lost Oakland to do a project with her class where she's going to have her students interview their older relatives about Fruitvale history. And she's going to do a long-lost Fruitvale map based on kind of the stories that her students collect from their friends and relatives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662138\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11662138\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Liam O'Donoghue created Long Lost Oakland, and hosts the podcast East Bay Yesterday. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is exactly what O'Donoghue set out to do with Long Lost Oakland: create something beautiful that gets people to look twice at the streets they walk down every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a time when change seems like the only constant, a map that shows us where we’ve been might be just the thing we need to tell us where to go.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Liam O'Donoghue's Long Lost Oakland map shows the buildings, plants and animals that used to be there.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1523917419,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":755},"headData":{"title":"A Time-Traveling Map for Rapidly Changing Oakland | KQED","description":"Liam O'Donoghue's Long Lost Oakland map shows the buildings, plants and animals that used to be there.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"A Time-Traveling Map for Rapidly Changing Oakland","datePublished":"2018-04-13T23:30:53.000Z","dateModified":"2018-04-16T22:23:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11661407 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11661407","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/04/13/a-time-traveling-map-for-rapidly-changing-oakland/","disqusTitle":"A Time-Traveling Map for Rapidly Changing Oakland","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2018/04/TaylorOaklandMaps.mp3","path":"/news/11661407/a-time-traveling-map-for-rapidly-changing-oakland","audioDuration":260000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listen to more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine standing along the shores of Oakland’s Lake Merritt, but instead of seeing the downtown skyline you see Native American shellmounds, a roller coaster and grizzly bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the idea behind a new project called \u003ca href=\"https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/eastbayyesterday/long-lost-oakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Long Lost Oakland\u003c/a>. It’s a map of the buildings, plants and animals that \u003cem>used\u003c/em> to be there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661517\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11661517\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30362_IMG_3003-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A close-up of the map shows an old amusement park, called Idora Park. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661519\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11661519\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30384_IdoraPark-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30384_IdoraPark-qut-1.jpg 750w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30384_IdoraPark-qut-1-160x66.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30384_IdoraPark-qut-1-240x99.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30384_IdoraPark-qut-1-375x154.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30384_IdoraPark-qut-1-520x214.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A historic photo of Idora Park. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Liam O'Donoghue)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even though he has lived here for only eight years, Liam O'Donoghue knows a lot about Oakland. He's the host of the podcast \u003ca href=\"https://eastbayyesterday.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay Yesterday\u003c/a>, and spent the last year buried in historical archives, researching centuries of Oakland’s past to recreate what the city once was, in a beautiful hand-illustrated map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poster-size map is colorful, and the drawings are bold like you’d see in a comic book. But don’t expect this map to give you any directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that this map actually is useful for navigating,\" he says. \"But it's more about navigating through time, as opposed to navigating through the geography of a city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that time spans from the 1800s to the mid-1900s, when San Francisco Bay was filled with coho salmon and orchards lined the streets of the Fruitvale District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When streetcars -- part of what was called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayarearailfan.org/photogal/thumbnails.php?album=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Key System\u003c/a> -- rumbled through downtown and across the Bay Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661507\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 601px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11661507\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"601\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut.jpg 601w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-375x374.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-520x519.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30381_FruitValeManor1878-qut-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 601px) 100vw, 601px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A historical drawing of a house in today's Fruitvale District, circa 1878. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Liam O'Donoghue)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>O'Donoghue says his inspiration for making this map came from the city itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I live on Telegraph Avenue. My desk window looks right out at the city,\" he explains. \"Over the many years I've lived there, I've watched buildings get torn down, I've watched new buildings go up. Part of this project is about sort of understanding the disorientation of living in a city where so much is changing so fast.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this time of rapid change is not unusual for Oakland. O'Donoghue says the Transcontinental Railroad, the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the Great Depression are all examples of changes that Oakland faced in a matter of decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Understanding how Oakland dealt with these times of rapid change is helpful for navigating the changes that we're going through now. And it's not about saying that, you know, all the changes happening now are good or OK, but it's like, how did they deal with it and what can we learn from the mistakes?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are some big mistakes to learn from. Like the treatment of the native \u003ca href=\"http://www.muwekma.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ohlone\u003c/a> people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think genocide is too strong of a word to use to describe what happened to the Ohlone civilization,\" O'Donoghue says somberly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Colonization] destroyed a lot of the habitat. There were invasive species. This is the flip side, like all the wonderful things you see in Oakland right now. It all came at a price.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661509\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11661509\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-800x640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-800x640.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-160x128.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-1020x816.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-1180x944.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-960x768.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-240x192.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-375x300.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30390_LLO-Details-Shellmound-qut-520x416.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The map shows an Ohlone shellmound where it would have existed before colonization. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Liam O'Donoghue)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>O'Donoghue has set up a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/eastbayyesterday/long-lost-oakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kickstarter\u003c/a> to support the Long Lost Oakland project, but he’s giving the map away to teachers for free, in the hope that it will inspire students of all ages do their own research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, it’s working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Donoghue notes the email he received from a fourth-grade teacher in Fruitvale: \"[She] said that she's inspired by Long Lost Oakland to do a project with her class where she's going to have her students interview their older relatives about Fruitvale history. And she's going to do a long-lost Fruitvale map based on kind of the stories that her students collect from their friends and relatives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11662138\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11662138\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30361_IMG_3004-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Liam O'Donoghue created Long Lost Oakland, and hosts the podcast East Bay Yesterday. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is exactly what O'Donoghue set out to do with Long Lost Oakland: create something beautiful that gets people to look twice at the streets they walk down every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a time when change seems like the only constant, a map that shows us where we’ve been might be just the thing we need to tell us where to go.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11661407/a-time-traveling-map-for-rapidly-changing-oakland","authors":["11365"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_223","news_19906","news_8","news_1397"],"tags":["news_85","news_1604","news_18","news_2266","news_21733","news_1861","news_17041"],"featImg":"news_11662137","label":"news_72"},"news_55300":{"type":"posts","id":"news_55300","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"55300","score":null,"sort":[1328216624000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fred-korematsus-journey-from-east-oakland-to-the-national-portrait-gallery","title":"Fred Korematsu's Journey From East Oakland to the National Portrait Gallery","publishDate":1328216624,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55304\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/02/KarematsufamilyNationalGallery.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-55304 \" title=\"KarematsufamilyNationalGallery\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/02/KarematsufamilyNationalGallery-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"The Korematsu family in their nursery.\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fred T. Korematsu (center, left) with his parents and brothers at the Stonehurst Flower Nursery that the family owned and operated in East Oakland. Photo: The National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two photographs of a young Oakland welder who became a civil rights hero were unveiled in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npg.si.edu/exhibit/exhstruggles.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery \u003c/a>this morning. Fred Korematsu was 23 years old in 1942 when he, like all other Japanese Americans on the West Coast, was ordered \u003ca href=\"http://ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=74\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">to report for internment\u003c/a>. Korematsu refused, and was eventually arrested, \u003ca href=\"http://usinfo.org/docs/democracy/65.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">convicted\u003c/a>, and forced into the camps. A federal court reversed his conviction more than 40 years later, giving new energy to a movement that culminated in a government apology and reparations for the internees. Korematsu himself received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998 and remained a civil liberties activist, particularly advocating for Muslim Americans in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, until his death in 2005. The state of California now celebrates January 30 as \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/ne/yr12/yr12rel6.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fred Korematsu Day\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Asian Law Caucus, which was part of the legal team that challenged his conviction, opened the \u003ca href=\"http://korematsuinstitute.org/institute/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Korematsu Institute \u003c/a>in 2009. Its executive director Ling Woo Liu was at the Smithsonian this morning and described the photos:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55305\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/02/FredT.KorematsuNationalGallery.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-55305 \" title=\"FredT.KorematsuNationalGallery\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/02/FredT.KorematsuNationalGallery-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Korematsu was a welder on the Oakland docks before the relocation of Japanese Americans into internment camps. Photo: The National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These are original photos from the 1940’s that were hand-tinted, as many photos were in that day. One is a head shot of Mr. Korematsu at about the age of 20, and the other is a photo of Fred at about the same age with his family, and they’re standing in their flower nursery in East Oakland. And this shows some of the context of the story; the family had to abandon this nursery that they had worked so hard to build when Executive Order 9066 came down and all Japanese Americans had to report to the camps. Fred, of course, initially refused to go, but the rest of the family went immediately, and they suffered tremendously, in terms of personal dignity and in terms of economics. My understanding is that when they got back from the camps years later, the nursery was completely trashed.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Korematsu story is well-known within the Asian-American community, and there are exhibits commemorating his contributions at the\u003ca href=\"http://www.janm.org/\"> Japanese American National Museum \u003c/a>in Los Angeles, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.njahs.org/\">National Japanese American Historical Society\u003c/a>, and the educational displays at the sites of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/manz/planyourvisit/interpretive-center.htm\">Manzanar\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.heartmountain.org/\">Heart Mountain \u003c/a>camps. But Liu hopes the exhibit at the Smithsonian will bring it to a whole new audience.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Having Fred Korematsu’s portrait in this very prestigious exhibition helps show a more complete picture of American history. There are many heroes, even other Asian-American heroes, from the civil rights movement whose stories merit us telling and teaching to students. But Fred is an ambassador from this moment in history. And his story humanizes this moment in history in a way even a five-year-old can understand. A five-year-old can understand this: there was a man named Fred Korematsu who didn't want to go to this camp, because it just wasn't fair.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Korematsu’s daughter Karen was interviewed recently by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/01/31/146149345/the-legacy-of-civil-rights-leader-fred-korematsu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR’s Talk of the Nation\u003c/a> and by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2012/02/01/DDDL1MVMIS.DTL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1612036746,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":580},"headData":{"title":"Fred Korematsu's Journey From East Oakland to the National Portrait Gallery | KQED","description":"Two photographs of a young Oakland welder who became a civil rights hero were unveiled in the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery this morning. Fred Korematsu was 23 years old in 1942 when he, like all other Japanese Americans on the West Coast, was ordered to report for internment. Korematsu refused, and was eventually arrested, convicted,","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Fred Korematsu's Journey From East Oakland to the National Portrait Gallery","datePublished":"2012-02-02T21:03:44.000Z","dateModified":"2021-01-30T19:59:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"55300 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=55300","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/02/02/fred-korematsus-journey-from-east-oakland-to-the-national-portrait-gallery/","disqusTitle":"Fred Korematsu's Journey From East Oakland to the National Portrait Gallery","path":"/news/55300/fred-korematsus-journey-from-east-oakland-to-the-national-portrait-gallery","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55304\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/02/KarematsufamilyNationalGallery.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-55304 \" title=\"KarematsufamilyNationalGallery\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/02/KarematsufamilyNationalGallery-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"The Korematsu family in their nursery.\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fred T. Korematsu (center, left) with his parents and brothers at the Stonehurst Flower Nursery that the family owned and operated in East Oakland. Photo: The National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two photographs of a young Oakland welder who became a civil rights hero were unveiled in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npg.si.edu/exhibit/exhstruggles.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery \u003c/a>this morning. Fred Korematsu was 23 years old in 1942 when he, like all other Japanese Americans on the West Coast, was ordered \u003ca href=\"http://ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=74\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">to report for internment\u003c/a>. Korematsu refused, and was eventually arrested, \u003ca href=\"http://usinfo.org/docs/democracy/65.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">convicted\u003c/a>, and forced into the camps. A federal court reversed his conviction more than 40 years later, giving new energy to a movement that culminated in a government apology and reparations for the internees. Korematsu himself received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998 and remained a civil liberties activist, particularly advocating for Muslim Americans in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, until his death in 2005. The state of California now celebrates January 30 as \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/ne/yr12/yr12rel6.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fred Korematsu Day\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Asian Law Caucus, which was part of the legal team that challenged his conviction, opened the \u003ca href=\"http://korematsuinstitute.org/institute/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Korematsu Institute \u003c/a>in 2009. Its executive director Ling Woo Liu was at the Smithsonian this morning and described the photos:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55305\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/02/FredT.KorematsuNationalGallery.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-55305 \" title=\"FredT.KorematsuNationalGallery\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/02/FredT.KorematsuNationalGallery-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Korematsu was a welder on the Oakland docks before the relocation of Japanese Americans into internment camps. Photo: The National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These are original photos from the 1940’s that were hand-tinted, as many photos were in that day. One is a head shot of Mr. Korematsu at about the age of 20, and the other is a photo of Fred at about the same age with his family, and they’re standing in their flower nursery in East Oakland. And this shows some of the context of the story; the family had to abandon this nursery that they had worked so hard to build when Executive Order 9066 came down and all Japanese Americans had to report to the camps. Fred, of course, initially refused to go, but the rest of the family went immediately, and they suffered tremendously, in terms of personal dignity and in terms of economics. My understanding is that when they got back from the camps years later, the nursery was completely trashed.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Korematsu story is well-known within the Asian-American community, and there are exhibits commemorating his contributions at the\u003ca href=\"http://www.janm.org/\"> Japanese American National Museum \u003c/a>in Los Angeles, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.njahs.org/\">National Japanese American Historical Society\u003c/a>, and the educational displays at the sites of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/manz/planyourvisit/interpretive-center.htm\">Manzanar\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.heartmountain.org/\">Heart Mountain \u003c/a>camps. But Liu hopes the exhibit at the Smithsonian will bring it to a whole new audience.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Having Fred Korematsu’s portrait in this very prestigious exhibition helps show a more complete picture of American history. There are many heroes, even other Asian-American heroes, from the civil rights movement whose stories merit us telling and teaching to students. But Fred is an ambassador from this moment in history. And his story humanizes this moment in history in a way even a five-year-old can understand. A five-year-old can understand this: there was a man named Fred Korematsu who didn't want to go to this camp, because it just wasn't fair.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Korematsu’s daughter Karen was interviewed recently by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/01/31/146149345/the-legacy-of-civil-rights-leader-fred-korematsu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR’s Talk of the Nation\u003c/a> and by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2012/02/01/DDDL1MVMIS.DTL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/55300/fred-korematsus-journey-from-east-oakland-to-the-national-portrait-gallery","authors":["246"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_2264","news_4691","news_2267","news_2265","news_2268","news_18","news_2266"],"featImg":"news_11857888","label":"news_6944"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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