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Every week, she and cohost Scott Shafer sit down with political insiders on \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political Breakdown\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, where they offer a peek into lives and personalities of those driving politics in California and beyond. \u003c/span>\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Previously, she worked for nine years at the San Francisco Chronicle covering San Francisco City Hall and state politics; and at the San Francisco Examiner and Los Angeles Time,. She has won awards for her work investigating the 2017 wildfires and her ongoing coverage of criminal justice issues in California. 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But did you know libraries can help you save on other things, too?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some locations, you can borrow tools (saving a purchase at the hardware store), take free language classes and even get free tickets to local museums and attractions. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Joan Johnson, library director, Milwaukee Public Library\"]‘Libraries are one of the most important parts of the social infrastructure. The possibilities for how you explore are endless.’[/pullquote]The resources that your library has to offer will depend on its size and funding, which comes in part from taxpayer dollars and donor funds. These perks are part of the public library’s mission to serve the \u003ca href=\"https://newamericans.ala.org/white-paper/part-2/assess-community-needs/\">needs of the local community\u003c/a>, says \u003ca href=\"https://milwaukeenns.org/2020/12/28/5-things-to-know-about-joan-johnson-milwaukees-new-library-director/\">Joan Johnson\u003c/a>, library director at Milwaukee Public Library.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Libraries are one of the most important parts of the social infrastructure. The possibilities for how you explore are endless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To take advantage of these money-saving benefits, sign up for a library card, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@mychal3ts\">Mychal Threets\u003c/a>, the supervising librarian at the Fairfield Civic Center Library in Fairfield. Then, check out the library website or simply walk into your local library and talk to a librarian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are seven surprising ways the library can help you save money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. Before you buy something, see if you can borrow it from the library\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Libraries offer all kinds of items on loan. “\u003ca href=\"https://solanolibrary.com/catalog/special-collections/#1611252737404-0cfc29f9-537b\">Video games\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bklynlibrary.org/locations/central/musicloan\">musical instruments\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.grpl.org/boardgame/\">board games\u003c/a>. Some libraries have \u003ca href=\"https://nolalibrary.org/location-specific-services/cake-pans/\">bakeware collections\u003c/a> where you can get baking pans,” says Threets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akhila Bhat, branch manager at Harris County Public Library in Katy, Texas, says her library system has a \u003ca href=\"https://hcpl.net/blogs/post/seed-libraries-and-gardening-resources/\">seed library\u003c/a>. “Patrons can pick up seeds to start a garden and drop off seeds for others to take home and plant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, libraries like the Providence Public Library in Rhode Island \u003ca href=\"https://www.provlib.org/using-the-library/tools/\">have tools you can check out\u003c/a>. That includes a cordless drill, safety goggles and a laser level.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. Reserve free tickets to local museums and attractions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In some places, you can get free or discounted tickets to local attractions in your city or town. The Nashville Public Library, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://library.nashville.org/services/community-passports\">offers free passes\u003c/a> to the Cheekwood Estate and Gardens (saving patrons $29 in admission fees), the Country Music Hall of Fame (saving about $28) and the National Museum of African American Music (saving about $27). And \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=30806\">library card holders in California\u003c/a> can gain free entry to over 200 state parks, \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23887\">saving patrons $20 in entry fees\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Print out your documents at a discount\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You can use the computers to print documents like plane tickets, concert tickets or shipping labels. There’s usually a small fee, but it’s often cheaper than printing at an office supply store or a shipping center, says Threets. For example, it costs \u003ca href=\"https://www.bklynlibrary.org/use-the-library/print#anchor5\">10 cents\u003c/a> to print a page in black and white at the Brooklyn Public Library in New York, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.office.fedex.com/default/copies.html?CMP=KNC-8000047-68-9-950-1110000-US-US-EN-123650:123823:2201363&gclid=Cj0KCQjwqP2pBhDMARIsAJQ0CzoVnNp_CfN8GU5F28Wv_0hYbdk6hepsPQdKcTy3eIWHXPEp6p5rd5caAvVGEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds\">23 cents\u003c/a> at FedEx. [aside postID=news_11910495 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55017_GettyImages-1387412608-qut.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Get free help with homework and standardized tests\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Your library card may grant you access to free \u003ca href=\"https://www.brainfuse.com/highed/helpNow.asp?a_id=394E70AB&ss=&r=\">online help from expert tutors\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.gwinnettpl.org/news/access-tutor-com/\">Tutor.com\u003c/a>, which offers live one-on-one homework help for students in K-12 and higher education. It’s a sweet deal, considering that hourly rates for a private tutor \u003ca href=\"https://tutors.com/costs/#:~:text=a%20tutor%20cost%3F-,%2425%20%2D%20%2480%20%2Fhr,%24150%20to%20%24200%20per%20month.\">can range from $25-$80 an hour\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re preparing for college, check out whether your local branch has resources for standardized tests like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.broward.org/Library/Pages/SATACTProgram.aspx\">SAT or ACT\u003c/a>. Broward County Library in Florida, for example, has a free 10-hour test prep workshop for high school students \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/2019-10-25/what-to-know-about-sat-prep-classes\">that can cost hundreds of dollars elsewhere\u003c/a>. Aspiring graduate students can find \u003ca href=\"https://www.norfolkpubliclibrary.org/learning-research/test-prep\">resources\u003c/a> for exams such as the GRE, LSAT, MCAT and MAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Librarians can help with school projects, too. If you need to research something, they can identify relevant books or order them from other branches for you. Bhat says a lot of kids come in looking for help with biographies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>5. Take free fitness, hobby and language classes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some libraries often offer fun, free programming you’d pay money for elsewhere. \u003ca href=\"https://www.queenslibrary.org/programs-activities/health-wellness/fitness-classes\">Queens Public Library\u003c/a> in New York offers workout classes ranging from yoga to tai chi to Zumba, saving patrons potentially hundreds of dollars in monthly class fees at a fitness studio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Libraries can also help you find a new hobby. You can join a \u003ca href=\"https://www.madisonpubliclibrary.org/new/knitting-clubs\">knitting club\u003c/a>, learn \u003ca href=\"https://eriecounty-pa.libguides.com/c.php?g=1083575&p=7898482\">photography\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofmadison.com/news/madison-public-librarys-naturalist-in-residence-program-encourages-madisonians-to-explore-nature\">take a class with a naturalist\u003c/a>. Some locations will even let patrons borrow the necessary gear. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sun-sentinel.com/2019/05/30/backpacks-full-of-bird-watching-supplies-available-for-checkout-at-some-county-libraries/\">Libraries in Florida\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://libwww.freelibrary.org/blog/post/4850\">Philadelphia\u003c/a>, for example, have “birding backpacks” that come equipped with items for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/21/999050796/a-field-guide-for-fledgling-birders\">birdwatching\u003c/a>, like binoculars and field guides to help identify local birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many libraries grant patrons access to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bpl.org/learning-tools/language-learning/\">online language learning resources\u003c/a> such as \u003ca href=\"https://warrenpl.org/language-learning/\">Mango Languages\u003c/a>, a service with courses for over 70 languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>6. Attend free concerts and performances\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Save money on live music by checking out what your local branch offers. The New York Public Library’s performance art space, for example, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nypl.org/events/calendar?keyword=&target%5B%5D=ad&target%5B%5D=ya&target%5B%5D=cr&city%5B%5D=bx&city%5B%5D=man&city%5B%5D=si&location=&type=4324&topic=4277&audience=&series=\">upcoming concerts\u003c/a> featuring a choir and a quartet. And people can \u003ca href=\"https://visit.lacountylibrary.org/events?r=thismonth\">watch a classical guitarist or a harpist perform\u003c/a> at different libraries in Los Angeles County. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Mychal Threets, supervising librarian, Fairfield Civic Center Library\"]‘Video games, musical instruments, board games. Some libraries have bakeware collections where you can get baking pans.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>7. Access free social services\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In addition to recreation and entertainment, many libraries in the U.S. offer programs to support the community. People who need help finding a job can take \u003ca href=\"https://www.dclibrary.org/using-the-library/computer-classes\">computer literacy courses\u003c/a> and get assistance with \u003ca href=\"https://www.lcplin.org/job-application-help\">applications\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.phoenixpubliclibrary.org/browse/interest-guides/business-and-work/job-help-resources\">interview prep\u003c/a>. Immigrants can take \u003ca href=\"https://rutherfordlibrary.org/esl/\">English as a Second Language (ESL) classes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.faylib.org/event/8809406\">classes\u003c/a> to prepare them for their U.S. citizenship exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Libraries also provide resources for practical matters. Around \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/22/1158816222/how-to-prepare-for-tax-season\">tax time\u003c/a>, check if there are \u003ca href=\"https://hcpl.net/tax-services/\">volunteer tax experts\u003c/a> available to give you advice and \u003ca href=\"https://kcls.org/tax-help/\">help you file for free\u003c/a>. At Threet’s library, patrons can \u003ca href=\"https://solanolibrary.com/services/lawyers-at-your-library/\">book time with a lawyer\u003c/a> if they need legal advice. “We have volunteer lawyers who will meet with people for 15 to 20 minutes at a time on a monthly basis,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson says library resources like these aim to level the playing field. “The hope is that people use our services to educate and inform themselves, and gain wisdom about any topic under the sun.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California library card holders can gain free entry to over 200 state parks, attend language classes and even reserve baking pans and other cooking tools. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1699402126,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1096},"headData":{"title":"7 Hidden Perks Your Public Library Might Offer You | KQED","description":"California library card holders can gain free entry to over 200 state parks, attend language classes and even reserve baking pans and other cooking tools. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"7 Hidden Perks Your Public Library Might Offer You","datePublished":"2023-11-08T22:00:46.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-08T00:08:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/affiliate/npr","nprByline":"Marielle Segarra and Audrey Nguyen","nprImageAgency":"Kaz Fantone/NPR","nprStoryId":"1199885817","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1199885817&profileTypeId=15&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/16/1199885817/how-to-get-the-most-out-of-your-library?ft=nprml&f=1199885817","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 03 Nov 2023 09:18:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 16 Oct 2023 03:00:59 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 03 Nov 2023 09:18:09 -0400","nprAudio":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-510338/traffic.megaphone.fm/NPR7776218670.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1018&aggIds=676529561&p=510338&e=1199885817&size=15057024&d=941&t=podcast&ft=nprml&f=1199885817,https://play.podtrac.com/npr-510338/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/lifekit/2023/10/20231016_lifekit_c17ced43-f8b8-492c-9dfd-36e6cdce2cf3.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1018&aggIds=676529561&d=941&p=510338&story=1199885817&t=podcast&e=1199885817&ft=nprml&f=1199885817","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11205755220-7d9551.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1018&aggIds=676529561&p=510338&e=1199885817&size=15057024&d=941&t=podcast&ft=nprml&f=1199885817,http://api.npr.org/m3u/11205755129-1aea1b.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1018&aggIds=676529561&d=941&p=510338&story=1199885817&t=podcast&e=1199885817&ft=nprml&f=1199885817","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11966673/these-7-hidden-perks-from-your-public-library-offer-more-than-just-books","audioUrl":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-510338/traffic.megaphone.fm/NPR7776218670.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1018&aggIds=676529561&p=510338&e=1199885817&size=15057024&d=941&t=podcast&ft=nprml&f=1199885817,https://play.podtrac.com/npr-510338/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/lifekit/2023/10/20231016_lifekit_c17ced43-f8b8-492c-9dfd-36e6cdce2cf3.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1018&aggIds=676529561&d=941&p=510338&story=1199885817&t=podcast&e=1199885817&ft=nprml&f=1199885817","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Everyone knows you can save money on books by checking them out at the library instead of buying them. But did you know libraries can help you save on other things, too?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some locations, you can borrow tools (saving a purchase at the hardware store), take free language classes and even get free tickets to local museums and attractions. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Libraries are one of the most important parts of the social infrastructure. The possibilities for how you explore are endless.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Joan Johnson, library director, Milwaukee Public Library","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The resources that your library has to offer will depend on its size and funding, which comes in part from taxpayer dollars and donor funds. These perks are part of the public library’s mission to serve the \u003ca href=\"https://newamericans.ala.org/white-paper/part-2/assess-community-needs/\">needs of the local community\u003c/a>, says \u003ca href=\"https://milwaukeenns.org/2020/12/28/5-things-to-know-about-joan-johnson-milwaukees-new-library-director/\">Joan Johnson\u003c/a>, library director at Milwaukee Public Library.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Libraries are one of the most important parts of the social infrastructure. The possibilities for how you explore are endless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To take advantage of these money-saving benefits, sign up for a library card, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@mychal3ts\">Mychal Threets\u003c/a>, the supervising librarian at the Fairfield Civic Center Library in Fairfield. Then, check out the library website or simply walk into your local library and talk to a librarian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are seven surprising ways the library can help you save money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. Before you buy something, see if you can borrow it from the library\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Libraries offer all kinds of items on loan. “\u003ca href=\"https://solanolibrary.com/catalog/special-collections/#1611252737404-0cfc29f9-537b\">Video games\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bklynlibrary.org/locations/central/musicloan\">musical instruments\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.grpl.org/boardgame/\">board games\u003c/a>. Some libraries have \u003ca href=\"https://nolalibrary.org/location-specific-services/cake-pans/\">bakeware collections\u003c/a> where you can get baking pans,” says Threets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akhila Bhat, branch manager at Harris County Public Library in Katy, Texas, says her library system has a \u003ca href=\"https://hcpl.net/blogs/post/seed-libraries-and-gardening-resources/\">seed library\u003c/a>. “Patrons can pick up seeds to start a garden and drop off seeds for others to take home and plant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, libraries like the Providence Public Library in Rhode Island \u003ca href=\"https://www.provlib.org/using-the-library/tools/\">have tools you can check out\u003c/a>. That includes a cordless drill, safety goggles and a laser level.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. Reserve free tickets to local museums and attractions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In some places, you can get free or discounted tickets to local attractions in your city or town. The Nashville Public Library, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://library.nashville.org/services/community-passports\">offers free passes\u003c/a> to the Cheekwood Estate and Gardens (saving patrons $29 in admission fees), the Country Music Hall of Fame (saving about $28) and the National Museum of African American Music (saving about $27). And \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=30806\">library card holders in California\u003c/a> can gain free entry to over 200 state parks, \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23887\">saving patrons $20 in entry fees\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Print out your documents at a discount\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You can use the computers to print documents like plane tickets, concert tickets or shipping labels. There’s usually a small fee, but it’s often cheaper than printing at an office supply store or a shipping center, says Threets. For example, it costs \u003ca href=\"https://www.bklynlibrary.org/use-the-library/print#anchor5\">10 cents\u003c/a> to print a page in black and white at the Brooklyn Public Library in New York, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.office.fedex.com/default/copies.html?CMP=KNC-8000047-68-9-950-1110000-US-US-EN-123650:123823:2201363&gclid=Cj0KCQjwqP2pBhDMARIsAJQ0CzoVnNp_CfN8GU5F28Wv_0hYbdk6hepsPQdKcTy3eIWHXPEp6p5rd5caAvVGEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds\">23 cents\u003c/a> at FedEx. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11910495","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55017_GettyImages-1387412608-qut.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Get free help with homework and standardized tests\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Your library card may grant you access to free \u003ca href=\"https://www.brainfuse.com/highed/helpNow.asp?a_id=394E70AB&ss=&r=\">online help from expert tutors\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.gwinnettpl.org/news/access-tutor-com/\">Tutor.com\u003c/a>, which offers live one-on-one homework help for students in K-12 and higher education. It’s a sweet deal, considering that hourly rates for a private tutor \u003ca href=\"https://tutors.com/costs/#:~:text=a%20tutor%20cost%3F-,%2425%20%2D%20%2480%20%2Fhr,%24150%20to%20%24200%20per%20month.\">can range from $25-$80 an hour\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re preparing for college, check out whether your local branch has resources for standardized tests like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.broward.org/Library/Pages/SATACTProgram.aspx\">SAT or ACT\u003c/a>. Broward County Library in Florida, for example, has a free 10-hour test prep workshop for high school students \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/2019-10-25/what-to-know-about-sat-prep-classes\">that can cost hundreds of dollars elsewhere\u003c/a>. Aspiring graduate students can find \u003ca href=\"https://www.norfolkpubliclibrary.org/learning-research/test-prep\">resources\u003c/a> for exams such as the GRE, LSAT, MCAT and MAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Librarians can help with school projects, too. If you need to research something, they can identify relevant books or order them from other branches for you. Bhat says a lot of kids come in looking for help with biographies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>5. Take free fitness, hobby and language classes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some libraries often offer fun, free programming you’d pay money for elsewhere. \u003ca href=\"https://www.queenslibrary.org/programs-activities/health-wellness/fitness-classes\">Queens Public Library\u003c/a> in New York offers workout classes ranging from yoga to tai chi to Zumba, saving patrons potentially hundreds of dollars in monthly class fees at a fitness studio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Libraries can also help you find a new hobby. You can join a \u003ca href=\"https://www.madisonpubliclibrary.org/new/knitting-clubs\">knitting club\u003c/a>, learn \u003ca href=\"https://eriecounty-pa.libguides.com/c.php?g=1083575&p=7898482\">photography\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofmadison.com/news/madison-public-librarys-naturalist-in-residence-program-encourages-madisonians-to-explore-nature\">take a class with a naturalist\u003c/a>. Some locations will even let patrons borrow the necessary gear. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sun-sentinel.com/2019/05/30/backpacks-full-of-bird-watching-supplies-available-for-checkout-at-some-county-libraries/\">Libraries in Florida\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://libwww.freelibrary.org/blog/post/4850\">Philadelphia\u003c/a>, for example, have “birding backpacks” that come equipped with items for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/21/999050796/a-field-guide-for-fledgling-birders\">birdwatching\u003c/a>, like binoculars and field guides to help identify local birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many libraries grant patrons access to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bpl.org/learning-tools/language-learning/\">online language learning resources\u003c/a> such as \u003ca href=\"https://warrenpl.org/language-learning/\">Mango Languages\u003c/a>, a service with courses for over 70 languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>6. Attend free concerts and performances\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Save money on live music by checking out what your local branch offers. The New York Public Library’s performance art space, for example, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nypl.org/events/calendar?keyword=&target%5B%5D=ad&target%5B%5D=ya&target%5B%5D=cr&city%5B%5D=bx&city%5B%5D=man&city%5B%5D=si&location=&type=4324&topic=4277&audience=&series=\">upcoming concerts\u003c/a> featuring a choir and a quartet. And people can \u003ca href=\"https://visit.lacountylibrary.org/events?r=thismonth\">watch a classical guitarist or a harpist perform\u003c/a> at different libraries in Los Angeles County. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Video games, musical instruments, board games. Some libraries have bakeware collections where you can get baking pans.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Mychal Threets, supervising librarian, Fairfield Civic Center Library","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>7. Access free social services\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In addition to recreation and entertainment, many libraries in the U.S. offer programs to support the community. People who need help finding a job can take \u003ca href=\"https://www.dclibrary.org/using-the-library/computer-classes\">computer literacy courses\u003c/a> and get assistance with \u003ca href=\"https://www.lcplin.org/job-application-help\">applications\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.phoenixpubliclibrary.org/browse/interest-guides/business-and-work/job-help-resources\">interview prep\u003c/a>. Immigrants can take \u003ca href=\"https://rutherfordlibrary.org/esl/\">English as a Second Language (ESL) classes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.faylib.org/event/8809406\">classes\u003c/a> to prepare them for their U.S. citizenship exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Libraries also provide resources for practical matters. Around \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/22/1158816222/how-to-prepare-for-tax-season\">tax time\u003c/a>, check if there are \u003ca href=\"https://hcpl.net/tax-services/\">volunteer tax experts\u003c/a> available to give you advice and \u003ca href=\"https://kcls.org/tax-help/\">help you file for free\u003c/a>. At Threet’s library, patrons can \u003ca href=\"https://solanolibrary.com/services/lawyers-at-your-library/\">book time with a lawyer\u003c/a> if they need legal advice. “We have volunteer lawyers who will meet with people for 15 to 20 minutes at a time on a monthly basis,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson says library resources like these aim to level the playing field. “The hope is that people use our services to educate and inform themselves, and gain wisdom about any topic under the sun.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11966673/these-7-hidden-perks-from-your-public-library-offer-more-than-just-books","authors":["byline_news_11966673"],"categories":["news_31795","news_8"],"tags":["news_32707","news_1386","news_5692","news_18538","news_33293","news_27626","news_28147","news_18542","news_2504","news_23243"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11966674","label":"source_news_11966673"},"news_11934614":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11934614","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11934614","score":null,"sort":[1670536831000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"who-is-viktor-bout-the-russian-prisoner-the-u-s-traded-for-brittney-griner","title":"Who Is Viktor Bout, the Russian Prisoner the US Traded for Brittney Griner?","publishDate":1670536831,"format":"standard","headTitle":"NPR | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":253,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cem>Updated Dec. 8, 2022, at 9:02 a.m. ET\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor's note:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cem> This story was initially published in July. It has been updated with the Viktor Bout's release from a U.S. prison in exchange for U.S. basketball star Brittney Griner, who was held in Russia.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where most people saw chaos, Viktor Bout saw opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bout, a 55-year-old Russian, was the world's most notorious arms dealer before a U.S. court convicted him in 2011 and sent him to a prison in Illinois.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"brittney-griner\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, the U.S. freed Bout in an exchange \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/08/1141503355/brittney-griner-freed\">for U.S. basketball star Brittney Griner\u003c/a>, who has been held in Russia for the past 10 months. The Biden administration also was seeking to free another imprisoned American, Paul Whelan, but he was not part of the swap and remains jailed in Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bout was in his mid-20s when the Soviet Union fractured in 1991, leaving vast quantities of Soviet military hardware scattered across 15 newly minted countries. Most all of them were ill-equipped to pay their troops or keep track of the weapons they'd just inherited. Almost anything was available for a price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trained by the Soviet military as a linguist, Bout began acquiring Soviet military transport planes and loaded them up with weapons. The U.S. says he sold them all over the world. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/17/magazine/arms-and-the-man.html\">Various reports\u003c/a> linked him to wars in Afghanistan, Angola, Congo, Lebanon, Somalia, Yemen and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was entrepreneurial, not ideological, selling to governments that were fighting rebels, and to rebels who were fighting governments. Separating fact from fiction has often been difficult when documenting Bout's work, but many reports said he even sold arms to both sides in the same conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bout always denied he was selling weapons, claiming he was flying flowers and frozen chickens to some of the world's most violent places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was always hard to pin down, but he lived openly in Moscow, traveled widely, occasionally spoke to reporters and seemed to welcome at least some of the attention. He became so notorious that Hollywood made a 2005 movie loosely based on his life, called the \u003cem>Lord of War\u003c/em>, starring Nicolas Cage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bout was nicknamed \"The Merchant of Death,\" which was also the title of a \u003ca href=\"https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/10/16/the-merchant-of-death/\">biography.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite facing international sanctions and threats of arrest, Bout managed to stay a step ahead of law enforcement until 2008, when he was captured in a sting operation in Thailand, organized by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Thais extradited Bout to the U.S. two years later, where he was charged with conspiring to kill Americans. He was convicted in a Manhattan court in 2011, and received a 25-year sentence that he was serving in Marion, Ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Kremlin's angle\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So why did Russian leader Vladimir Putin want to bring Bout back?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, he made his money selling weapons that had been intended for use by the Soviet Union's military and successor countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When CIA director William Burns was asked this question in July at the Aspen Security Forum, he said succinctly: \"That's a good question, because Viktor Bout's a creep.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Hoffman, a former CIA officer who served in Russia, said Putin's motives should be viewed through the lens of his ongoing battle with the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every opportunity he gets, Vladimir Putin wants to show that he can go toe-to-toe with Russia's main enemy,\" Hoffman said. \"It's a real good public relations move for him to show that he's taking care of his own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. and Russia have a history of working out deals to gain the return of their own citizens. In April, the U.S. released a Russian pilot convicted of conspiring to bring drugs into the U.S., and Russia freed \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/27/1094988296/trevor-reed-russia-prisoner-exchange\">Trevor Reed\u003c/a>, a former Marine who'd been convicted of assaulting a Moscow police officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More commonly, the countries kicked out suspected spies in tit-for-tat deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the current negotiations appear uneven in some respects. The U.S. would be freeing a convicted arms smuggler who operated on an international scale for close to two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Secretary of State Antony Blinken said earlier this year that the two Americans, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/27/1113970880/brittney-griner-testifies-drug-trial\">Brittney Griner\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/06/15/876966569/american-paul-whelan-held-in-russia-on-spy-charges-is-sentenced-to-16-years\">Paul Whelan\u003c/a> had been \"wrongfully detained and must be allowed to come home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griner, 32, is the pro basketball star who has pleaded guilty to having hashish oil in her suitcase at a Moscow airport in February. Whelan, 52, a former Marine who traveled openly to Russia for years, was arrested in 2018 and convicted on espionage charges in a secret trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Limited options\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Dan Hoffman said this summer that he supported the efforts to win the release of the Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are dirty deals, but there's two bad options,\" he said. \"One is letting American citizens get sick, and potentially even worse, in jail. And the other one is make essentially a dirty deal. If it's me, I'll get my U.S. citizens out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in July, Blinken said he had presented a plan to Russia for the return of two Americans, though he did not mention Bout by name. The Russians were initially cool to the offer in their public statements, but showed signs of interest in the deal more recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S.-Russian prisoner swap signals the two countries can still do business on some level despite the terrible state of relations and the backdrop of the war in Ukraine, where the Americans are the leading arms supplier to the Ukrainians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But analysts say there's no real prospect that the overall atmosphere — which has been going from bad to worse — is likely to improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Greg Myre is an NPR national security correspondent. Follow him \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/gregmyre1\">\u003cem>@gregmyre1\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Who+is+Viktor+Bout%2C+the+Russian+prisoner+the+U.S.+traded+for+Brittney+Griner%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Bout is a Russian who was the world's most notorious arms dealer in the 1990s and early 2000s. He was serving a 25-year prison sentence in Illinois before being freed as part of a US-Russia swap.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1670539617,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":993},"headData":{"title":"Who Is Viktor Bout, the Russian Prisoner the US Traded for Brittney Griner? | KQED","description":"Bout is a Russian who was the world's most notorious arms dealer in the 1990s and early 2000s. He was serving a 25-year prison sentence in Illinois before being freed as part of a US-Russia swap.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Who Is Viktor Bout, the Russian Prisoner the US Traded for Brittney Griner?","datePublished":"2022-12-08T22:00:31.000Z","dateModified":"2022-12-08T22:46:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"nprImageCredit":"Chumsak Kanoknan","nprByline":"Greg Myre","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"1114236683","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1114236683&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/28/1114236683/who-is-viktor-bout-the-prisoner-the-u-s-may-trade-for-brittany-griner?ft=nprml&f=1114236683","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 08 Dec 2022 09:26:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 28 Jul 2022 18:25:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 08 Dec 2022 09:26:15 -0500","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11934614/who-is-viktor-bout-the-russian-prisoner-the-u-s-traded-for-brittney-griner","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cem>Updated Dec. 8, 2022, at 9:02 a.m. ET\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor's note:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cem> This story was initially published in July. It has been updated with the Viktor Bout's release from a U.S. prison in exchange for U.S. basketball star Brittney Griner, who was held in Russia.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where most people saw chaos, Viktor Bout saw opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bout, a 55-year-old Russian, was the world's most notorious arms dealer before a U.S. court convicted him in 2011 and sent him to a prison in Illinois.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related coverage ","tag":"brittney-griner"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, the U.S. freed Bout in an exchange \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/08/1141503355/brittney-griner-freed\">for U.S. basketball star Brittney Griner\u003c/a>, who has been held in Russia for the past 10 months. The Biden administration also was seeking to free another imprisoned American, Paul Whelan, but he was not part of the swap and remains jailed in Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bout was in his mid-20s when the Soviet Union fractured in 1991, leaving vast quantities of Soviet military hardware scattered across 15 newly minted countries. Most all of them were ill-equipped to pay their troops or keep track of the weapons they'd just inherited. Almost anything was available for a price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trained by the Soviet military as a linguist, Bout began acquiring Soviet military transport planes and loaded them up with weapons. The U.S. says he sold them all over the world. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/17/magazine/arms-and-the-man.html\">Various reports\u003c/a> linked him to wars in Afghanistan, Angola, Congo, Lebanon, Somalia, Yemen and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was entrepreneurial, not ideological, selling to governments that were fighting rebels, and to rebels who were fighting governments. Separating fact from fiction has often been difficult when documenting Bout's work, but many reports said he even sold arms to both sides in the same conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bout always denied he was selling weapons, claiming he was flying flowers and frozen chickens to some of the world's most violent places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was always hard to pin down, but he lived openly in Moscow, traveled widely, occasionally spoke to reporters and seemed to welcome at least some of the attention. He became so notorious that Hollywood made a 2005 movie loosely based on his life, called the \u003cem>Lord of War\u003c/em>, starring Nicolas Cage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bout was nicknamed \"The Merchant of Death,\" which was also the title of a \u003ca href=\"https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/10/16/the-merchant-of-death/\">biography.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite facing international sanctions and threats of arrest, Bout managed to stay a step ahead of law enforcement until 2008, when he was captured in a sting operation in Thailand, organized by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Thais extradited Bout to the U.S. two years later, where he was charged with conspiring to kill Americans. He was convicted in a Manhattan court in 2011, and received a 25-year sentence that he was serving in Marion, Ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Kremlin's angle\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So why did Russian leader Vladimir Putin want to bring Bout back?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, he made his money selling weapons that had been intended for use by the Soviet Union's military and successor countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When CIA director William Burns was asked this question in July at the Aspen Security Forum, he said succinctly: \"That's a good question, because Viktor Bout's a creep.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Hoffman, a former CIA officer who served in Russia, said Putin's motives should be viewed through the lens of his ongoing battle with the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every opportunity he gets, Vladimir Putin wants to show that he can go toe-to-toe with Russia's main enemy,\" Hoffman said. \"It's a real good public relations move for him to show that he's taking care of his own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. and Russia have a history of working out deals to gain the return of their own citizens. In April, the U.S. released a Russian pilot convicted of conspiring to bring drugs into the U.S., and Russia freed \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/27/1094988296/trevor-reed-russia-prisoner-exchange\">Trevor Reed\u003c/a>, a former Marine who'd been convicted of assaulting a Moscow police officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More commonly, the countries kicked out suspected spies in tit-for-tat deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the current negotiations appear uneven in some respects. The U.S. would be freeing a convicted arms smuggler who operated on an international scale for close to two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Secretary of State Antony Blinken said earlier this year that the two Americans, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/27/1113970880/brittney-griner-testifies-drug-trial\">Brittney Griner\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/06/15/876966569/american-paul-whelan-held-in-russia-on-spy-charges-is-sentenced-to-16-years\">Paul Whelan\u003c/a> had been \"wrongfully detained and must be allowed to come home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griner, 32, is the pro basketball star who has pleaded guilty to having hashish oil in her suitcase at a Moscow airport in February. Whelan, 52, a former Marine who traveled openly to Russia for years, was arrested in 2018 and convicted on espionage charges in a secret trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Limited options\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Dan Hoffman said this summer that he supported the efforts to win the release of the Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are dirty deals, but there's two bad options,\" he said. \"One is letting American citizens get sick, and potentially even worse, in jail. And the other one is make essentially a dirty deal. If it's me, I'll get my U.S. citizens out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in July, Blinken said he had presented a plan to Russia for the return of two Americans, though he did not mention Bout by name. The Russians were initially cool to the offer in their public statements, but showed signs of interest in the deal more recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S.-Russian prisoner swap signals the two countries can still do business on some level despite the terrible state of relations and the backdrop of the war in Ukraine, where the Americans are the leading arms supplier to the Ukrainians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But analysts say there's no real prospect that the overall atmosphere — which has been going from bad to worse — is likely to improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Greg Myre is an NPR national security correspondent. Follow him \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/gregmyre1\">\u003cem>@gregmyre1\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Who+is+Viktor+Bout%2C+the+Russian+prisoner+the+U.S.+traded+for+Brittney+Griner%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11934614/who-is-viktor-bout-the-russian-prisoner-the-u-s-traded-for-brittney-griner","authors":["byline_news_11934614"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_18542"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11934615","label":"news_253"},"news_11934567":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11934567","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11934567","score":null,"sort":[1670516417000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"wnba-star-brittney-griner-has-been-freed-from-a-russian-prison","title":"WNBA Star Brittney Griner Has Been Freed From a Russian Prison","publishDate":1670516417,"format":"standard","headTitle":"NPR | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":253,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cem>Updated Dec. 8, 2022, at 11:37 a.m. ET\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>President Biden says WNBA star Brittney Griner has been freed from a Russian prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing alongside Griner's wife, Cherelle Griner, at the White House, Biden said it was a day that \"we worked toward for a long time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She's safe. She's on a plane. She's on her way home after months of being unjustly detained in Russia, held under intolerable conditions,\" Biden said from the Roosevelt Room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden spoke with Griner from the Oval Office just before making the announcement. He said she was in good spirits, but was experiencing \"trauma\" and would need time to heal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Brittney will soon be back in the arms of her loved ones and she should have been there all along,\" Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russia's Foreign Ministry confirmed Thursday in a press release that Griner was swapped at the Abu Dhabi airport for convicted Russian arms trader Viktor Bout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a result of intense efforts, we managed to agree with the American side on organization of an exchange of Bout for Griner,\" the foreign ministry said in a statement. \"The Russian citizen has been returned to his homeland.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government has long resisted prisoner swaps out of concern that it could encourage the imprisonment of more Americans abroad. The exchange for Bout should not be interpreted as a new normal practice, but that there are times where there are no alternatives, a Biden official said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The official said the administration felt a \"moral obligation,\" as well as a policy obligation, to bring people who are being held hostage or detained home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We start by asking ourselves this question: How is it acceptable for someone like Brittney Griner to be put through sham proceedings and forced to spend [time] ... in a Russian penal colony, in horrific circumstances that she did not deserve? And we regard that as unacceptable,\" the official said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"brittney-griner\"]The exchange did not include former U.S. Marine Paul Whelan, who remains imprisoned in Russia on espionage charges that the U.S. says are false.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While we have not yet succeeded in securing Paul's release, we are not giving up,\" Biden said Thursday. \"We will never give up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior administration officials told reporters on a conference call later that the agreement to secure Griner's release was made in recent days after months of talks and a variety of proposals — proposals that were aimed at also trying to secure Whelan's release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Russians refused to consider Whelan's release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was not a situation where we had a choice of which American to bring home,\" an official told reporters on a conference call. \"It was a choice between bringing home one particular American — Brittney Griner — or bringing home none.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cherelle Griner said she was overwhelmed by emotions, expressing gratitude to Biden, Vice President Harris and other members of the administration involved in securing her wife's release. She thanked the WNBA, Griner's agent and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"BG and I will remain committed to the work of getting every American home, including Paul,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griner's detention had been a top priority for Biden and his administration — and he was under increasing pressure to secure her release. In July, she sent him a handwritten letter, saying \"I'm terrified I might be here forever.\" Biden said last month that he hoped Russian President Vladimir Putin would be more willing to discuss a prisoner exchange after the U.S. midterm elections were over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griner, who plays for the Phoenix Mercury, is a seven-time WNBA All-Star, a two-time Olympic gold medalist and the first openly gay athlete signed to an endorsement contract by Nike. She also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/03/07/1084945010/brittney-griner-russia-wnba\">played for Russia's UMMC Ekaterinburg \u003c/a>basketball team during the WNBA's offseason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was sentenced last August by a Russian court to nine years in prison for carrying less than a gram of hash oil into Russia when she arrived in February of this year for play in the Russian women's professional basketball league. Last month, she was transferred to a prison colony in Mordovia — 300 miles southeast of Moscow — to begin serving out her sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In court, Griner admitted to mistakenly packing two vape cartridges in her rush to pack her luggage — but provided documents that showed the hash oil was legally prescribed by her U.S. doctor for pain management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her arrest in February was just days before Russia invaded Ukraine as tensions between the United States and Moscow were rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government had labeled Griner \"wrongfully detained\" and sought a prisoner swap with Russia involving Griner and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/16/1123397409/joe-biden-brittney-griner-paul-whelan\">Whelan\u003c/a>. The White House said it made a \"substantial offer\" over the summer in exchange for Griner and Whelan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S. official visited Whelan's sister on Wednesday to share the news about Griner, and a U.S. official also spoke to Whelan himself in prison to share the news. Biden intends to speak with Whelan's family as well, the official told reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden said his team continues to work for his release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sadly for totally illegitimate reasons Russia is treating Paul's case different than Brittney's,\" Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WNBA+star+Brittney+Griner+has+been+freed+from+a+Russian+prison&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Griner was traded for convicted Russian arms dealer Viktor Bout. The swap did not include former Marine Paul Whelan, who remains imprisoned in Russia on espionage charges the US says are false. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1670539728,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":895},"headData":{"title":"WNBA Star Brittney Griner Has Been Freed From a Russian Prison | KQED","description":"Griner was traded for convicted Russian arms dealer Viktor Bout. The swap did not include former Marine Paul Whelan, who remains imprisoned in Russia on espionage charges the US says are false. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"WNBA Star Brittney Griner Has Been Freed From a Russian Prison","datePublished":"2022-12-08T16:20:17.000Z","dateModified":"2022-12-08T22:48:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sourceUrl":"http://www.npr.org/","nprImageCredit":"Evgenia Novozhenina","nprByline":"Charles Maynes","nprImageAgency":"Pool/AFP via Getty Images","nprStoryId":"1141503355","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1141503355&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/08/1141503355/brittney-griner-freed?ft=nprml&f=1141503355","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 08 Dec 2022 11:36:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 08 Dec 2022 08:20:17 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 08 Dec 2022 11:36:50 -0500","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11934567/wnba-star-brittney-griner-has-been-freed-from-a-russian-prison","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cem>Updated Dec. 8, 2022, at 11:37 a.m. ET\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>President Biden says WNBA star Brittney Griner has been freed from a Russian prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing alongside Griner's wife, Cherelle Griner, at the White House, Biden said it was a day that \"we worked toward for a long time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She's safe. She's on a plane. She's on her way home after months of being unjustly detained in Russia, held under intolerable conditions,\" Biden said from the Roosevelt Room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden spoke with Griner from the Oval Office just before making the announcement. He said she was in good spirits, but was experiencing \"trauma\" and would need time to heal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Brittney will soon be back in the arms of her loved ones and she should have been there all along,\" Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russia's Foreign Ministry confirmed Thursday in a press release that Griner was swapped at the Abu Dhabi airport for convicted Russian arms trader Viktor Bout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a result of intense efforts, we managed to agree with the American side on organization of an exchange of Bout for Griner,\" the foreign ministry said in a statement. \"The Russian citizen has been returned to his homeland.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government has long resisted prisoner swaps out of concern that it could encourage the imprisonment of more Americans abroad. The exchange for Bout should not be interpreted as a new normal practice, but that there are times where there are no alternatives, a Biden official said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The official said the administration felt a \"moral obligation,\" as well as a policy obligation, to bring people who are being held hostage or detained home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We start by asking ourselves this question: How is it acceptable for someone like Brittney Griner to be put through sham proceedings and forced to spend [time] ... in a Russian penal colony, in horrific circumstances that she did not deserve? And we regard that as unacceptable,\" the official said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related coverage ","tag":"brittney-griner"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The exchange did not include former U.S. Marine Paul Whelan, who remains imprisoned in Russia on espionage charges that the U.S. says are false.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While we have not yet succeeded in securing Paul's release, we are not giving up,\" Biden said Thursday. \"We will never give up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior administration officials told reporters on a conference call later that the agreement to secure Griner's release was made in recent days after months of talks and a variety of proposals — proposals that were aimed at also trying to secure Whelan's release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Russians refused to consider Whelan's release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was not a situation where we had a choice of which American to bring home,\" an official told reporters on a conference call. \"It was a choice between bringing home one particular American — Brittney Griner — or bringing home none.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cherelle Griner said she was overwhelmed by emotions, expressing gratitude to Biden, Vice President Harris and other members of the administration involved in securing her wife's release. She thanked the WNBA, Griner's agent and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"BG and I will remain committed to the work of getting every American home, including Paul,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griner's detention had been a top priority for Biden and his administration — and he was under increasing pressure to secure her release. In July, she sent him a handwritten letter, saying \"I'm terrified I might be here forever.\" Biden said last month that he hoped Russian President Vladimir Putin would be more willing to discuss a prisoner exchange after the U.S. midterm elections were over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griner, who plays for the Phoenix Mercury, is a seven-time WNBA All-Star, a two-time Olympic gold medalist and the first openly gay athlete signed to an endorsement contract by Nike. She also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/03/07/1084945010/brittney-griner-russia-wnba\">played for Russia's UMMC Ekaterinburg \u003c/a>basketball team during the WNBA's offseason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was sentenced last August by a Russian court to nine years in prison for carrying less than a gram of hash oil into Russia when she arrived in February of this year for play in the Russian women's professional basketball league. Last month, she was transferred to a prison colony in Mordovia — 300 miles southeast of Moscow — to begin serving out her sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In court, Griner admitted to mistakenly packing two vape cartridges in her rush to pack her luggage — but provided documents that showed the hash oil was legally prescribed by her U.S. doctor for pain management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her arrest in February was just days before Russia invaded Ukraine as tensions between the United States and Moscow were rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government had labeled Griner \"wrongfully detained\" and sought a prisoner swap with Russia involving Griner and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/16/1123397409/joe-biden-brittney-griner-paul-whelan\">Whelan\u003c/a>. The White House said it made a \"substantial offer\" over the summer in exchange for Griner and Whelan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S. official visited Whelan's sister on Wednesday to share the news about Griner, and a U.S. official also spoke to Whelan himself in prison to share the news. Biden intends to speak with Whelan's family as well, the official told reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden said his team continues to work for his release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sadly for totally illegitimate reasons Russia is treating Paul's case different than Brittney's,\" Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WNBA+star+Brittney+Griner+has+been+freed+from+a+Russian+prison&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11934567/wnba-star-brittney-griner-has-been-freed-from-a-russian-prison","authors":["byline_news_11934567"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_18542"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11934568","label":"news_253"},"news_11933914":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11933914","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11933914","score":null,"sort":[1670028845000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"twitters-former-safety-chief-warns-musk-is-moving-fast-and-breaking-things","title":"Twitter's Former Safety Chief Warns Musk Is Moving Fast and 'Breaking Things'","publishDate":1670028845,"format":"standard","headTitle":"NPR | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":253,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Elon Musk's rapid changes at Twitter are risking the safety of its most vulnerable users around the world, including human rights activists, free speech advocates and marginalized people in autocratic countries, according to the social network's former head of trust and safety. [aside postID=news_11930570 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1244262469-1-1020x578.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People need to very thoughtfully and carefully weigh the costs and benefits of using Twitter, given their personal security situation,\" Yoel Roth, who resigned from his position as Twitter's Head of Trust & Safety, told \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> host Ari Shapiro. \"And that's a terrifying prospect to have to come to terms with, especially for many people who have spent the better part of a decade building a platform and an audience and a community on Twitter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Musk completed his $44 billion purchase of Twitter in late October, the billionaire has upended the company and the platform, sowing chaos and confusion for employees, users and the advertisers it depends on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has rapidly transformed Twitter's previous approach to what is and isn't allowed. He reinstated accounts that had been barred for violating Twitter's rules, including that of former President Donald Trump, who was banned after the Jan. 6th, 2021, U.S. Capitol insurrection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Musk announced a \"general amnesty\" for many suspended accounts (\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/01/1140166140/kanye-west-ye-parler\">although he also suspended Ye, the rapper formerly known as Kanye West, on Thursday after Ye posted an image of a swastika inside a Star of David\u003c/a>). This week, Twitter quietly updated its online rulebook to say \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/29/1139822833/twitter-covid-misinformation-policy-not-enforced\">it was no longer enforcing policies against misleading claims about COVID-19\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/17/1137413251/twitter-employees-quit-elon-musk\">Meanwhile Musk laid off half the company's staff and issued an ultimatum asking remaining employees to commit to a new \"hardcore\" Twitter or resign\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/30/1139924914/twitters-chaos-could-make-political-violence-worse-outside-of-the-u-s\">That's dramatically shrunk the number of people working to keep Twitter users safe\u003c/a>. The cuts include contract content moderators, the company's human rights team and investigators working to curb political manipulation and child sexual abuse material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's the real risk. You can't do this work with a skeleton crew,\" Roth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter, which no longer has a communications staff, did not respond to a request for comment. \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2022/twitter-2-0-our-continued-commitment-to-the-public-conversation\">In a blog post this week signed by \"The Twitter Team,\"\u003c/a> the company said its policies have not changed and that it \"continues its diligent work to keep the platform safe from hateful conduct, abusive behavior, and any violation of Twitter's rules.\" It said the trust and safety team \"remains strong and well-resourced.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roth said Twitter had been justifiably criticized for being too slow to change. But Musk's rapid transformation of the small, but highly influential, social network alarms him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In place of that perhaps overly slow culture, Mr. Musk is introducing a culture of moving quickly and, unfortunately, breaking things as a result,\" Roth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the nearly eight years Roth spent at Twitter, he saw the company through a cascade of crises, from Russian interference in the 2016 election to the company's unprecedented decision to ban Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Musk took control, Roth was one of the few high-level executives remaining at the company as the new owner fired top management.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Musk on Twitter versus Musk in private\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Roth described a gap between Musk's public persona as a brash and capricious autocrat – Musk changed his bio to \"Chief Twit\" after closing the deal – and the seasoned executive whom Roth interacted with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those caricatures weren't true to my experience with him,\" Roth said. \"A lot of the times in the weeks that we worked together, when a situation would come up and I would explain the rules, I would explain the factors influencing the situation, and I would suggest a course of action that was aligned with our policies, he would listen to and, oftentimes, accept that approach.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, one of Musk's first priorities was to bring back some controversial accounts, including the Babylon Bee, a conservative satirical site that was suspended for misgendering a Biden administration official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roth and Musk discussed whether reinstating the account would entail a broader change to Twitter's rules against misgendering or be a singular exception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Musk] was convinced ultimately that taking that kind of one-off action would undermine Twitter's rules and would create gaps in consistency of enforcement that would make Twitter a less trustworthy place,\" Roth said. (Musk would go on to reinstate the Babylon Bee's account along with others after Roth resigned).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the days went on, Roth found that wasn't always the case. When Musk took over, Roth wrote down \"red lines\" he was unwilling to cross, including breaking the law and lying publicly. An important one: he would only stay as long as decisions were made based on Twitter's policies and principles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What matters to me, ultimately, is not the decision, but how the decision is made,\" he said. \"I wouldn't want to be a part of undermining [Twitter's approach to governing the platform] with capricious decision-making. And unfortunately, that's what happened.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roth resigned from Twitter on Nov. 10th, a day after Twitter's botched rollout of an $8 a month subscription plan giving users blue checkmarks. The checks previously indicated the company had verified the identity of high-profile users, but under the new program, Twitter wasn't making any effort to confirm subscribers were who they claimed to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That unleashed a flood of accounts impersonating politicians, celebrities and big brands, further inflaming relations with advertisers, who were already wary of the platform's direction under Musk. Roth's team had prepared a lengthy document warning how the feature could be abused in exactly this way, and proposing guardrails to mitigate those risks, but was largely ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just the day before he quit, Roth had appeared with Musk in a public Twitter audio chat where they attempted to reassure advertisers that the platform was still a safe place for their brands.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Advertisers flee, hate speech increases\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Less than a month after Musk took over, half of Twitter's top 100 advertisers appeared to have halted spending on the platform, according to data compiled by the liberal nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.mediamatters.org/elon-musk/less-month-elon-musk-has-driven-away-half-twitters-top-100-advertisers\">Media Matters for America\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights groups have documented a rise in hate speech on Twitter since Musk took over. The company had said a trolling campaign originating on far-right message boards drove a surge in racist, homophobic and antisemitic slurs right after the deal closed, but that it had stepped up enforcement and banned many of the accounts responsible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Musk tweeted a graph showing \"impressions\" of hate speech – meaning how many times people saw such tweets – are lower than the level before he took control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new report from the nonprofit Center for Countering Digital Hate found the daily number of tweets containing hateful terms was \"substantially higher\" in late November, compared to the baseline before he bought Twitter. The number of tweets with the n-word tripled in that time, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1598755659499044879\">Musk disputed CCDH's report as \"utterly false\"\u003c/a> and said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1598758363650719756\">hate speech impressions are less than 0.1% of what's seen on Twitter\u003c/a>. He pledged to publish the rate of hate speech impressions weekly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roth said he and former colleagues are \"heartbroken\" to see what's happening to their efforts to keep Twitter users safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What happens on Twitter can move markets, can change elections, and it can impact the safety of millions of people around the world,\" he said. \"More than anything else, people [who have left the company] are worried about what will happen, given Twitter's importance in the world, if there isn't a team left to do that type of work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org.\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter%27s+former+safety+chief+warns+Musk+is+moving+fast+and+%22breaking+things%22&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Yoel Roth was a top executive at Twitter, until he resigned in early November. He says people need to 'very thoughtfully and carefully weigh the costs and benefits of using Twitter.'","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1670263018,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1318},"headData":{"title":"Twitter's Former Safety Chief Warns Musk Is Moving Fast and 'Breaking Things' | KQED","description":"Yoel Roth was a top executive at Twitter, until he resigned in early November. He says people need to 'very thoughtfully and carefully weigh the costs and benefits of using Twitter.'","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Twitter's Former Safety Chief Warns Musk Is Moving Fast and 'Breaking Things'","datePublished":"2022-12-03T00:54:05.000Z","dateModified":"2022-12-05T17:56:58.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sourceUrl":"http://www.npr.org/","nprImageCredit":"David Odisho","nprByline":"Ari Shapiro","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"1140355862","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1140355862&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/02/1140355862/twitters-former-safety-chief-warns-musk-is-moving-fast-and-breaking-things?ft=nprml&f=1140355862","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 02 Dec 2022 16:22:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 02 Dec 2022 15:40:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 02 Dec 2022 16:01:58 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2022/12/20221202_atc_twitters_former_safety_chief_warns_musk_is_moving_fast_and_breaking_things.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1019&d=407&p=2&story=1140355862&ft=nprml&f=1140355862","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11140441664-b5a693.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1019&d=407&p=2&story=1140355862&ft=nprml&f=1140355862","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11933914/twitters-former-safety-chief-warns-musk-is-moving-fast-and-breaking-things","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2022/12/20221202_atc_twitters_former_safety_chief_warns_musk_is_moving_fast_and_breaking_things.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1019&d=407&p=2&story=1140355862&ft=nprml&f=1140355862","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Elon Musk's rapid changes at Twitter are risking the safety of its most vulnerable users around the world, including human rights activists, free speech advocates and marginalized people in autocratic countries, according to the social network's former head of trust and safety. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11930570","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1244262469-1-1020x578.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People need to very thoughtfully and carefully weigh the costs and benefits of using Twitter, given their personal security situation,\" Yoel Roth, who resigned from his position as Twitter's Head of Trust & Safety, told \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> host Ari Shapiro. \"And that's a terrifying prospect to have to come to terms with, especially for many people who have spent the better part of a decade building a platform and an audience and a community on Twitter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Musk completed his $44 billion purchase of Twitter in late October, the billionaire has upended the company and the platform, sowing chaos and confusion for employees, users and the advertisers it depends on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has rapidly transformed Twitter's previous approach to what is and isn't allowed. He reinstated accounts that had been barred for violating Twitter's rules, including that of former President Donald Trump, who was banned after the Jan. 6th, 2021, U.S. Capitol insurrection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Musk announced a \"general amnesty\" for many suspended accounts (\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/01/1140166140/kanye-west-ye-parler\">although he also suspended Ye, the rapper formerly known as Kanye West, on Thursday after Ye posted an image of a swastika inside a Star of David\u003c/a>). This week, Twitter quietly updated its online rulebook to say \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/29/1139822833/twitter-covid-misinformation-policy-not-enforced\">it was no longer enforcing policies against misleading claims about COVID-19\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/17/1137413251/twitter-employees-quit-elon-musk\">Meanwhile Musk laid off half the company's staff and issued an ultimatum asking remaining employees to commit to a new \"hardcore\" Twitter or resign\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/30/1139924914/twitters-chaos-could-make-political-violence-worse-outside-of-the-u-s\">That's dramatically shrunk the number of people working to keep Twitter users safe\u003c/a>. The cuts include contract content moderators, the company's human rights team and investigators working to curb political manipulation and child sexual abuse material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's the real risk. You can't do this work with a skeleton crew,\" Roth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter, which no longer has a communications staff, did not respond to a request for comment. \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2022/twitter-2-0-our-continued-commitment-to-the-public-conversation\">In a blog post this week signed by \"The Twitter Team,\"\u003c/a> the company said its policies have not changed and that it \"continues its diligent work to keep the platform safe from hateful conduct, abusive behavior, and any violation of Twitter's rules.\" It said the trust and safety team \"remains strong and well-resourced.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roth said Twitter had been justifiably criticized for being too slow to change. But Musk's rapid transformation of the small, but highly influential, social network alarms him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In place of that perhaps overly slow culture, Mr. Musk is introducing a culture of moving quickly and, unfortunately, breaking things as a result,\" Roth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the nearly eight years Roth spent at Twitter, he saw the company through a cascade of crises, from Russian interference in the 2016 election to the company's unprecedented decision to ban Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Musk took control, Roth was one of the few high-level executives remaining at the company as the new owner fired top management.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Musk on Twitter versus Musk in private\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Roth described a gap between Musk's public persona as a brash and capricious autocrat – Musk changed his bio to \"Chief Twit\" after closing the deal – and the seasoned executive whom Roth interacted with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those caricatures weren't true to my experience with him,\" Roth said. \"A lot of the times in the weeks that we worked together, when a situation would come up and I would explain the rules, I would explain the factors influencing the situation, and I would suggest a course of action that was aligned with our policies, he would listen to and, oftentimes, accept that approach.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, one of Musk's first priorities was to bring back some controversial accounts, including the Babylon Bee, a conservative satirical site that was suspended for misgendering a Biden administration official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roth and Musk discussed whether reinstating the account would entail a broader change to Twitter's rules against misgendering or be a singular exception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Musk] was convinced ultimately that taking that kind of one-off action would undermine Twitter's rules and would create gaps in consistency of enforcement that would make Twitter a less trustworthy place,\" Roth said. (Musk would go on to reinstate the Babylon Bee's account along with others after Roth resigned).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the days went on, Roth found that wasn't always the case. When Musk took over, Roth wrote down \"red lines\" he was unwilling to cross, including breaking the law and lying publicly. An important one: he would only stay as long as decisions were made based on Twitter's policies and principles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What matters to me, ultimately, is not the decision, but how the decision is made,\" he said. \"I wouldn't want to be a part of undermining [Twitter's approach to governing the platform] with capricious decision-making. And unfortunately, that's what happened.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roth resigned from Twitter on Nov. 10th, a day after Twitter's botched rollout of an $8 a month subscription plan giving users blue checkmarks. The checks previously indicated the company had verified the identity of high-profile users, but under the new program, Twitter wasn't making any effort to confirm subscribers were who they claimed to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That unleashed a flood of accounts impersonating politicians, celebrities and big brands, further inflaming relations with advertisers, who were already wary of the platform's direction under Musk. Roth's team had prepared a lengthy document warning how the feature could be abused in exactly this way, and proposing guardrails to mitigate those risks, but was largely ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just the day before he quit, Roth had appeared with Musk in a public Twitter audio chat where they attempted to reassure advertisers that the platform was still a safe place for their brands.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Advertisers flee, hate speech increases\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Less than a month after Musk took over, half of Twitter's top 100 advertisers appeared to have halted spending on the platform, according to data compiled by the liberal nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.mediamatters.org/elon-musk/less-month-elon-musk-has-driven-away-half-twitters-top-100-advertisers\">Media Matters for America\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights groups have documented a rise in hate speech on Twitter since Musk took over. The company had said a trolling campaign originating on far-right message boards drove a surge in racist, homophobic and antisemitic slurs right after the deal closed, but that it had stepped up enforcement and banned many of the accounts responsible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Musk tweeted a graph showing \"impressions\" of hate speech – meaning how many times people saw such tweets – are lower than the level before he took control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new report from the nonprofit Center for Countering Digital Hate found the daily number of tweets containing hateful terms was \"substantially higher\" in late November, compared to the baseline before he bought Twitter. The number of tweets with the n-word tripled in that time, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1598755659499044879\">Musk disputed CCDH's report as \"utterly false\"\u003c/a> and said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1598758363650719756\">hate speech impressions are less than 0.1% of what's seen on Twitter\u003c/a>. He pledged to publish the rate of hate speech impressions weekly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roth said he and former colleagues are \"heartbroken\" to see what's happening to their efforts to keep Twitter users safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What happens on Twitter can move markets, can change elections, and it can impact the safety of millions of people around the world,\" he said. \"More than anything else, people [who have left the company] are worried about what will happen, given Twitter's importance in the world, if there isn't a team left to do that type of work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org.\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter%27s+former+safety+chief+warns+Musk+is+moving+fast+and+%22breaking+things%22&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11933914/twitters-former-safety-chief-warns-musk-is-moving-fast-and-breaking-things","authors":["byline_news_11933914"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_3897","news_18542","news_346"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11933915","label":"news_253"},"news_11928578":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11928578","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11928578","score":null,"sort":[1665602720000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"pigs-cant-fly-but-they-can-produce-tough-legal-questions-at-the-supreme-court","title":"Pigs Can't Fly, but They Can Produce Tough Legal Questions at the Supreme Court","publishDate":1665602720,"format":"standard","headTitle":"NPR | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":253,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Pigs, morality and the U.S. Constitution were all in play at the U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case was about more than pigs, of course. It involves how much regulation a state may constitutionally enact when those laws have a significant effect on what happens in \u003cem>other\u003c/em> states. Tuesday's case pitted most of the pork producers in the U.S. against a California law enacted by referendum by lopsided margins. The law bans the sale of pork in California when it is produced \"inhumanely\" — specifically, when the pork comes from pregnant or nursing sows confined in cages so small that the pigs cannot turn around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has fewer than 1% of the breeding pigs in the country. The state imports more than 99% of the pork meat it consumes. So the National Pork Producers Council and the American Farm Bureau Federation brought a legal challenge, contending that California's law is unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that may not sound like a humdinger to a lot of readers, but the Supreme Court's time limits on arguments seem to have flown out the window of late, and an oral argument that was scheduled for an hour and 10 minutes morphed into well over two hours on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pork producers argument\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Timothy Bishop, representing the pork producers, conceded that California could ban pork products outright in the state, but he maintained that it could not impose a state law that principally affects what happens in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Elena Kagan took issue with drawing lines that way. \"If you're thinking about costs,\" she said, \"California banning your produce would be the greatest cost of all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bishop replied that the law's main impact is \"on the state where the business is located.\" He noted that Iowa has 65,000 sow farms, which would be affected by the California law. What California is doing, Bishop said, is essentially trampling on Iowa's ability to breed those sows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Sonia Sotomayor pointed to a brief in the case from scientists who argue that keeping sows so confined increases the likelihood of new diseases jumping from animals to humans. The policy, she reasoned, could just as legitimately be health-based, as well as morality-based.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Amy Coney Barrett seemed dubious about the pork industry's assertion that a state's moral interest should have no role to play. In that vein there were many hypotheticals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supposing this case occurred prior to the end of slavery, asked Kagan. Could a state ban goods produced by enslaved people?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Neil Gorsuch, in turn, asked why not let the market decide whether California's law would achieve its desired results. After all, he said, there appear to be some pork producers willing and able to step in and meet California's requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California's view\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Defending California's law, state Solicitor General Michael Mongan faced just as many tough questions. Chief Justice John Roberts noted a problem with morality-based regulations. \"I think people in some states ... that produce a lot of pork, in Iowa or North Carolina or Indiana, may think there's a moral value in providing a low-cost source of protein to people, maybe particularly at times of rising food prices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several justices noted that a lot of policy disputes could inspire states to wield laws like this as a sort of weapon. What, they asked, would stop Texas from banning products produced by union labor, or another state from banning fruit picked by undocumented workers, or yet another state from banning goods produced by people in a state with a lower minimum wage?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We live in a divided country,\" Justice Kagan observed. \"The balkanization that the Framers were concerned about is surely present today ... do we want to live in a world where we're constantly at each others throats and ... Texas is at war with California and California at war with Texas?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Samuel Alito, taking aim at California's role in the market, asked, \"Is California unconcerned about all this because it is such a giant? ... You can bully other states, and so you're not really concerned about retaliation?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The questions were sufficiently difficult that conservative Justice Brett Kavanaugh and liberal Justice Kagan noted that the case had come to the court at what is known as the pleadings stage, without a trial or findings of fact. That could allow the court to make a minimal decision and send the case back to the lower courts for a fuller exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Pork producers went to the Supreme Court to argue that California’s regulation that bans the sale of 'inhumanely' produced pork is unconstitutional because it affects the economy of other states where the pork is produced.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1665602720,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":759},"headData":{"title":"Pigs Can't Fly, but They Can Produce Tough Legal Questions at the Supreme Court | KQED","description":"Pork producers went to the Supreme Court to argue that California’s regulation that bans the sale of 'inhumanely' produced pork is unconstitutional because it affects the economy of other states where the pork is produced.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Pigs Can't Fly, but They Can Produce Tough Legal Questions at the Supreme Court","datePublished":"2022-10-12T19:25:20.000Z","dateModified":"2022-10-12T19:25:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11928578 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11928578","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/10/12/pigs-cant-fly-but-they-can-produce-tough-legal-questions-at-the-supreme-court/","disqusTitle":"Pigs Can't Fly, but They Can Produce Tough Legal Questions at the Supreme Court","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/2101289/nina-totenberg\">Nina Totenberg\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11928578/pigs-cant-fly-but-they-can-produce-tough-legal-questions-at-the-supreme-court","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Pigs, morality and the U.S. Constitution were all in play at the U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case was about more than pigs, of course. It involves how much regulation a state may constitutionally enact when those laws have a significant effect on what happens in \u003cem>other\u003c/em> states. Tuesday's case pitted most of the pork producers in the U.S. against a California law enacted by referendum by lopsided margins. The law bans the sale of pork in California when it is produced \"inhumanely\" — specifically, when the pork comes from pregnant or nursing sows confined in cages so small that the pigs cannot turn around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has fewer than 1% of the breeding pigs in the country. The state imports more than 99% of the pork meat it consumes. So the National Pork Producers Council and the American Farm Bureau Federation brought a legal challenge, contending that California's law is unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that may not sound like a humdinger to a lot of readers, but the Supreme Court's time limits on arguments seem to have flown out the window of late, and an oral argument that was scheduled for an hour and 10 minutes morphed into well over two hours on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pork producers argument\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Timothy Bishop, representing the pork producers, conceded that California could ban pork products outright in the state, but he maintained that it could not impose a state law that principally affects what happens in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Elena Kagan took issue with drawing lines that way. \"If you're thinking about costs,\" she said, \"California banning your produce would be the greatest cost of all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bishop replied that the law's main impact is \"on the state where the business is located.\" He noted that Iowa has 65,000 sow farms, which would be affected by the California law. What California is doing, Bishop said, is essentially trampling on Iowa's ability to breed those sows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Sonia Sotomayor pointed to a brief in the case from scientists who argue that keeping sows so confined increases the likelihood of new diseases jumping from animals to humans. The policy, she reasoned, could just as legitimately be health-based, as well as morality-based.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Amy Coney Barrett seemed dubious about the pork industry's assertion that a state's moral interest should have no role to play. In that vein there were many hypotheticals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supposing this case occurred prior to the end of slavery, asked Kagan. Could a state ban goods produced by enslaved people?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Neil Gorsuch, in turn, asked why not let the market decide whether California's law would achieve its desired results. After all, he said, there appear to be some pork producers willing and able to step in and meet California's requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California's view\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Defending California's law, state Solicitor General Michael Mongan faced just as many tough questions. Chief Justice John Roberts noted a problem with morality-based regulations. \"I think people in some states ... that produce a lot of pork, in Iowa or North Carolina or Indiana, may think there's a moral value in providing a low-cost source of protein to people, maybe particularly at times of rising food prices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several justices noted that a lot of policy disputes could inspire states to wield laws like this as a sort of weapon. What, they asked, would stop Texas from banning products produced by union labor, or another state from banning fruit picked by undocumented workers, or yet another state from banning goods produced by people in a state with a lower minimum wage?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We live in a divided country,\" Justice Kagan observed. \"The balkanization that the Framers were concerned about is surely present today ... do we want to live in a world where we're constantly at each others throats and ... Texas is at war with California and California at war with Texas?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Samuel Alito, taking aim at California's role in the market, asked, \"Is California unconcerned about all this because it is such a giant? ... You can bully other states, and so you're not really concerned about retaliation?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The questions were sufficiently difficult that conservative Justice Brett Kavanaugh and liberal Justice Kagan noted that the case had come to the court at what is known as the pleadings stage, without a trial or findings of fact. That could allow the court to make a minimal decision and send the case back to the lower courts for a fuller exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11928578/pigs-cant-fly-but-they-can-produce-tough-legal-questions-at-the-supreme-court","authors":["byline_news_11928578"],"categories":["news_1758","news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_31802","news_31801","news_31800","news_31799","news_18542","news_29744","news_932"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11928592","label":"news_253"},"news_11925322":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11925322","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11925322","score":null,"sort":[1663015325000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"so-you-havent-caught-covid-yet-does-that-mean-youre-a-superdodger","title":"So You Haven't Caught COVID Yet. Does That Mean You're a Superdodger?","publishDate":1663015325,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Back in the early 1990s, \u003ca href=\"https://med.nyu.edu/faculty/nathaniel-r-landau\">Nathaniel Landau\u003c/a> was a young virologist just starting his career in HIV research. But he and his colleagues were already on the verge of a landmark breakthrough. Several labs around the world were hot on his team's tail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were sleeping in the lab, just to keep the work going day and night because there were many labs all racing against each other,\" Landau says. \"Of course, we wanted to be the first to do it. We were totally stressed out. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other scientists had identified groups of people who appeared to be completely resistant to HIV. \"People who knew they had been exposed to HIV multiple times, mainly through unprotected sex, yet they clearly were not infected,\" Landau explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so the race was on to figure out why: \"Are these people just lucky or did they really have a mutation in their genes that was protecting them from infection?'\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now 25 years later, scientists all over the world are trying to answer the same question but about a different virus: SARS-CoV-2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By this point in the pandemic, most Americans have had at least one bout of COVID. For children under age 18, more than 80% of them have been infected, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#pediatric-seroprevalence\">estimates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as with HIV, some people have been exposed multiple times but never had symptoms and never tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've heard countless anecdotes about nurses and health-care workers being exposed without any protection and remaining negative over and over again,\" says pediatrician \u003ca href=\"https://www.rockefeller.edu/our-scientists/heads-of-laboratories/970-jean-laurent-casanova/\">Jean-Laurent Casanova\u003c/a>, who studies the genetics of viral resistance at Rockefeller University. \"Or people share a household with someone who's been coughing for a couple of weeks, and one person stays negative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why haven't these people caught COVID?[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"large\" citation=\"Nathaniel Landau, Dept. of Microbiology, NYU Langone Health\"]'It's kind of like the virus is knocking at the door, but nobody's opening the door. The door is locked.'[/pullquote]After two years of hunting, a team at the University of California, San Francisco has come pretty close to answering the question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These findings are like hot off the presses,\" says immunogeneticist \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/u/1/d/1H1WBzJvjj9uZBG4plr_XElvQm2cPLxuPb45Cx_rWk58/edit\">Jill Hollenbach\u003c/a>, who led this research. \"We haven't published them yet. It's all stuff that's been happening this summer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollenbach and her team have found a genetic mutation that doesn't prevent the virus from infecting cells — that's what Landau was searching for in his HIV research — but still does something remarkable: It prevents a person from having COVID symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out, stopping an infection altogether is an extremely tough nut for our bodies to crack.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">What does it take to be a true superdodger?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Over the course of human history, scientists have identified only two instances of true virus superdodgers. That is, where a specific mutation in their genes makes people completely resistant to a virus. So that it slides off their cells, \"like water sliding off a glass window,\" as Casanova puts it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, a team in London showed how some people never get a stomach bug, called norovirus, which causes vomiting and diarrhea. The researchers \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12692541/\">found\u003c/a> that one mutation in their genes prevents them from making a molecule the virus needs to infect the cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(In 1995, researchers in France figured out why some people appeared to never be infected with a species of malaria known as \u003cem>Plasmodium vivax\u003c/em>. However, over the past decade, further \u003ca href=\"https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-020-03372-9\">studies \u003c/a>have clarified that these superdodgers actually do become infected with the parasite; they simply don't show symptoms.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">The best-known superdodgers in human history\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>By far, the most famous virus superdodgers are people protected against HIV — the ones Landau and his colleagues were studying back in the early 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1996, his team was getting really close to solving that puzzle. One morning they found a huge clue. The night before, they had set up an experiment to test which molecules HIV needed to infect a human cell. The experiment garnered spectacular results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It showed that HIV didn't enter cells the way scientists had believed. Instead it needed a little bit of extra help. Specifically, HIV needs a specific molecule, called CCR5, on the surface of the cell to \"open the door\" and let the virus enter, Landau says. Without CCR5, the virus only sticks to the cell's surface but can't enter. \"It's kind of like the virus is knocking at the door, but nobody's opening the door. The door is locked,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That was what we call a eureka moment,\" Landau says. \"That was the moment where we could say, 'We found something that had never been seen before.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landau and his colleagues rushed to the computer and wrote up the \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8649511/\">findings\u003c/a> as quickly as possible. Then he literally ran to the FedEx store to submit the paper to the journal \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em>, knowing that other teams were likely to have the same finding soon.[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='covid']\"In those days you couldn't just submit your paper through your computer,\" he says. \"You had to mail a hard copy of it to the journal. And my job was to sprint over to the FedEx store so we could get the paper mailed on time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then only a few short weeks later, Landau and his colleagues made another huge discovery, and in the process solved the final piece of the HIV puzzle. \u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>We were quite amazed that it all happened so quickly,\" Landau says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In collaboration with a research group down the hall, Landau and his colleagues sequenced the CCR5 gene in two people completely resistant to HIV. Lo and behold! Both people had the same mutation in the gene — and it's a powerful mutation. It completely cripples the molecule so that it doesn't appear on the cells' surface, the group \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0092-8674%2800%2980110-5\">reported\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Cell\u003c/em>. Remember, without CCR5, HIV can't infect the cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can put as many virus particles as you want onto those cells, and they will not get infected,\" he says. \"So in the case of resistance to HIV, the story was very clear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding completely shifted the field of HIV. It led to the first — and only — way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0802905\">cure a person of \u003c/a>HIV and suggested a new route, using \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/09/11/759369190/crispr-gene-editing-may-offer-path-to-cure-for-hiv-first-published-report-shows\">gene editing\u003c/a> with CRISPR. But it did something else: It showed scientists that one mutation could make a person completely resistant to an infection. One mutation in their genes could make them a true superdodger.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Trying to find out if there really are COVID superdodgers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"So when SARS-CoV-2 came along, of course, many labs looked to see if the same might be true for this virus,\" Landau says. And inspired by the story of CCR5, they went looking for mutations in the genes required for SARS-CoV-2 to enter and infect cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For COVID superdodgers, the situation appears to be more complex than for people resistant to HIV, Landau says, because the way SARS-CoV-2 infects cells is different from that of HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of using CCR5 to \"open the cell's door,\" SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 receptor. People can't live without ACE2. \"The receptor regulates your blood pressure,\" Landau explains. So, unlike CCR5, you can't simply knock out the ACE2 receptor, he says. \"You're not going to have many people walking around that don't have ACE2.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of course, there may be more subtle mutations in ACE2 which could play a role in resistance to SARS-CoV-2,\" he adds. \"But there doesn't seem to be an obvious and dramatic mutation as is the case for HIV.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But perhaps what's more likely, he says, is that people have mutations in genes \u003cem>other \u003c/em>than ACE2, and these mutations probably don't protect them from getting infected per se but do protect them from getting sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Maybe there are ... mini-dodgers?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So having one of these mutations would make you a sort of COVID mini-dodger, if you will. There are other ways to resist an infection besides denying the virus entrance into the cell, Landau explains. And they likely involve your body's immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's exactly what the team at UCSF has found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the pandemic began, Jill Hollenbach and her colleagues at UCSF have been studying people who test positive COVID but show no symptoms. \"Not even a sniffle or a scratchy throat,\" she says. \"So they are entirely asymptomatic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After analyzing DNA from more than 1,400 people, they identified a mutation that helps a person clear out a SARS-CoV-2 so fast that their body doesn't have a chance to develop symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mutation occurs in a gene called HLA, which is critical during the earliest stages of infection. Hollenbach and her colleagues found that having a particular mutation in that gene increases a person's chance of being asymptomatic by almost 10 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They \u003ca href=\"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21257065v2\">reported \u003c/a>those preliminary findings online last September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, they've gone on to show \u003cem>how \u003c/em>this mutation works. And it has to do with your immune system preparing for SARS-CoV-2 before the pandemic even began back in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a virus first enters cells, HLA signals to the immune system that cells are invaded and need help. That signal triggers a cascade of events that ultimately leads your body to make potent weapons specifically designed to fight SARS-CoV-2. These weapons include antibodies and T cells that uniquely recognize pieces of this virus. Once these targeted weapons are available, your immune system has a much easier time clearing up the infection. But these weapons take time to manufacture. And that delay allows the infection to spread and symptoms to develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if, for some lucky reason, your immune system already had weapons specifically targeted to SARS-CoV-2?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, Hollenbach and her colleagues demonstrated that, with a specific mutation in HLA, some people have T cells that are already pre-programmed to recognize and fight off SARS-CoV-2. So there's no delay in generating COVID-specific weaponry. It's already there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your immune response and these T cells fire up much more quickly [than in a person without the HLA mutation],\" Hollenbach says. \"So for lack of a better term, you basically nuke the infection before you even start to have symptoms.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here's the kicker. For the HLA mutation to work (and for you to have these pre-armed T cells), you first had to have been infected with another coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>Most of us have been exposed to some common cold coronavirus at some point in life,\" she explains. And we all generate T cells to fight off these colds. But if you also have this mutation in your HLA, Hollenbach says, then just by mere luck, these T cells you make can also fight off SARS-CoV-2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's definitely luck,\" she says. \"But, you know, this mutation is quite common. We estimate that maybe 1 in 10 people have it. And in people who are asymptomatic, that rises to 1 in 5.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Seeking possible superdodgers who'll spit into a cup\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While Hollenbach and her team continue to look for more mini-dodger genes, Casanova over at Rockefeller University and his colleagues are still trying to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-021-01030-z\">determine \u003c/a>if there are true superdodger genes. And he's \u003ca href=\"https://www.covidhge.com/participants\">looking for participants\u003c/a> right now for his study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You fill out a questionnaire online about your exposures to SARS-CoV-2,\" he says. And then if you meet the criteria of a superdodger, the team sends you a testing kit. Basically you spit in a cup and mail it back to Casanova and his collaborators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'll extract your DNA and sequence your genome,\" he explains. \"We hope that in a group of 2,000 to 4,000 people, some people will have genetic mutations that tell us why they're resistant to infection.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And perhaps, like with HIV, that finding will one day shift the field of COVID research and lead to a vaccine that does what everyone wishes our current vaccines would do: turn everyone into a COVID superdodger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1663203083,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":49,"wordCount":2087},"headData":{"title":"So You Haven't Caught COVID Yet. Does That Mean You're a Superdodger? | KQED","description":"Back in the early 1990s, Nathaniel Landau was a young virologist just starting his career in HIV research. But he and his colleagues were already on the verge of a landmark breakthrough. Several labs around the world were hot on his team's tail. "We were sleeping in the lab, just to keep the work going day and","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"So You Haven't Caught COVID Yet. Does That Mean You're a Superdodger?","datePublished":"2022-09-12T20:42:05.000Z","dateModified":"2022-09-15T00:51:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11925322 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11925322","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/09/12/so-you-havent-caught-covid-yet-does-that-mean-youre-a-superdodger/","disqusTitle":"So You Haven't Caught COVID Yet. Does That Mean You're a Superdodger?","source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org/","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/348778932/michaeleen-doucleff\">Michaeleen Doucleff\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11925322/so-you-havent-caught-covid-yet-does-that-mean-youre-a-superdodger","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Back in the early 1990s, \u003ca href=\"https://med.nyu.edu/faculty/nathaniel-r-landau\">Nathaniel Landau\u003c/a> was a young virologist just starting his career in HIV research. But he and his colleagues were already on the verge of a landmark breakthrough. Several labs around the world were hot on his team's tail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were sleeping in the lab, just to keep the work going day and night because there were many labs all racing against each other,\" Landau says. \"Of course, we wanted to be the first to do it. We were totally stressed out. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other scientists had identified groups of people who appeared to be completely resistant to HIV. \"People who knew they had been exposed to HIV multiple times, mainly through unprotected sex, yet they clearly were not infected,\" Landau explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so the race was on to figure out why: \"Are these people just lucky or did they really have a mutation in their genes that was protecting them from infection?'\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now 25 years later, scientists all over the world are trying to answer the same question but about a different virus: SARS-CoV-2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By this point in the pandemic, most Americans have had at least one bout of COVID. For children under age 18, more than 80% of them have been infected, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#pediatric-seroprevalence\">estimates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as with HIV, some people have been exposed multiple times but never had symptoms and never tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've heard countless anecdotes about nurses and health-care workers being exposed without any protection and remaining negative over and over again,\" says pediatrician \u003ca href=\"https://www.rockefeller.edu/our-scientists/heads-of-laboratories/970-jean-laurent-casanova/\">Jean-Laurent Casanova\u003c/a>, who studies the genetics of viral resistance at Rockefeller University. \"Or people share a household with someone who's been coughing for a couple of weeks, and one person stays negative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why haven't these people caught COVID?\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'It's kind of like the virus is knocking at the door, but nobody's opening the door. The door is locked.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"large","citation":"Nathaniel Landau, Dept. of Microbiology, NYU Langone Health","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>After two years of hunting, a team at the University of California, San Francisco has come pretty close to answering the question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These findings are like hot off the presses,\" says immunogeneticist \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/u/1/d/1H1WBzJvjj9uZBG4plr_XElvQm2cPLxuPb45Cx_rWk58/edit\">Jill Hollenbach\u003c/a>, who led this research. \"We haven't published them yet. It's all stuff that's been happening this summer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollenbach and her team have found a genetic mutation that doesn't prevent the virus from infecting cells — that's what Landau was searching for in his HIV research — but still does something remarkable: It prevents a person from having COVID symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out, stopping an infection altogether is an extremely tough nut for our bodies to crack.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">What does it take to be a true superdodger?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Over the course of human history, scientists have identified only two instances of true virus superdodgers. That is, where a specific mutation in their genes makes people completely resistant to a virus. So that it slides off their cells, \"like water sliding off a glass window,\" as Casanova puts it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, a team in London showed how some people never get a stomach bug, called norovirus, which causes vomiting and diarrhea. The researchers \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12692541/\">found\u003c/a> that one mutation in their genes prevents them from making a molecule the virus needs to infect the cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(In 1995, researchers in France figured out why some people appeared to never be infected with a species of malaria known as \u003cem>Plasmodium vivax\u003c/em>. However, over the past decade, further \u003ca href=\"https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-020-03372-9\">studies \u003c/a>have clarified that these superdodgers actually do become infected with the parasite; they simply don't show symptoms.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">The best-known superdodgers in human history\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>By far, the most famous virus superdodgers are people protected against HIV — the ones Landau and his colleagues were studying back in the early 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1996, his team was getting really close to solving that puzzle. One morning they found a huge clue. The night before, they had set up an experiment to test which molecules HIV needed to infect a human cell. The experiment garnered spectacular results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It showed that HIV didn't enter cells the way scientists had believed. Instead it needed a little bit of extra help. Specifically, HIV needs a specific molecule, called CCR5, on the surface of the cell to \"open the door\" and let the virus enter, Landau says. Without CCR5, the virus only sticks to the cell's surface but can't enter. \"It's kind of like the virus is knocking at the door, but nobody's opening the door. The door is locked,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That was what we call a eureka moment,\" Landau says. \"That was the moment where we could say, 'We found something that had never been seen before.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landau and his colleagues rushed to the computer and wrote up the \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8649511/\">findings\u003c/a> as quickly as possible. Then he literally ran to the FedEx store to submit the paper to the journal \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em>, knowing that other teams were likely to have the same finding soon.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"covid"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"In those days you couldn't just submit your paper through your computer,\" he says. \"You had to mail a hard copy of it to the journal. And my job was to sprint over to the FedEx store so we could get the paper mailed on time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then only a few short weeks later, Landau and his colleagues made another huge discovery, and in the process solved the final piece of the HIV puzzle. \u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>We were quite amazed that it all happened so quickly,\" Landau says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In collaboration with a research group down the hall, Landau and his colleagues sequenced the CCR5 gene in two people completely resistant to HIV. Lo and behold! Both people had the same mutation in the gene — and it's a powerful mutation. It completely cripples the molecule so that it doesn't appear on the cells' surface, the group \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0092-8674%2800%2980110-5\">reported\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Cell\u003c/em>. Remember, without CCR5, HIV can't infect the cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can put as many virus particles as you want onto those cells, and they will not get infected,\" he says. \"So in the case of resistance to HIV, the story was very clear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding completely shifted the field of HIV. It led to the first — and only — way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0802905\">cure a person of \u003c/a>HIV and suggested a new route, using \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/09/11/759369190/crispr-gene-editing-may-offer-path-to-cure-for-hiv-first-published-report-shows\">gene editing\u003c/a> with CRISPR. But it did something else: It showed scientists that one mutation could make a person completely resistant to an infection. One mutation in their genes could make them a true superdodger.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Trying to find out if there really are COVID superdodgers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"So when SARS-CoV-2 came along, of course, many labs looked to see if the same might be true for this virus,\" Landau says. And inspired by the story of CCR5, they went looking for mutations in the genes required for SARS-CoV-2 to enter and infect cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For COVID superdodgers, the situation appears to be more complex than for people resistant to HIV, Landau says, because the way SARS-CoV-2 infects cells is different from that of HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of using CCR5 to \"open the cell's door,\" SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 receptor. People can't live without ACE2. \"The receptor regulates your blood pressure,\" Landau explains. So, unlike CCR5, you can't simply knock out the ACE2 receptor, he says. \"You're not going to have many people walking around that don't have ACE2.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of course, there may be more subtle mutations in ACE2 which could play a role in resistance to SARS-CoV-2,\" he adds. \"But there doesn't seem to be an obvious and dramatic mutation as is the case for HIV.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But perhaps what's more likely, he says, is that people have mutations in genes \u003cem>other \u003c/em>than ACE2, and these mutations probably don't protect them from getting infected per se but do protect them from getting sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Maybe there are ... mini-dodgers?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So having one of these mutations would make you a sort of COVID mini-dodger, if you will. There are other ways to resist an infection besides denying the virus entrance into the cell, Landau explains. And they likely involve your body's immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's exactly what the team at UCSF has found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the pandemic began, Jill Hollenbach and her colleagues at UCSF have been studying people who test positive COVID but show no symptoms. \"Not even a sniffle or a scratchy throat,\" she says. \"So they are entirely asymptomatic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After analyzing DNA from more than 1,400 people, they identified a mutation that helps a person clear out a SARS-CoV-2 so fast that their body doesn't have a chance to develop symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mutation occurs in a gene called HLA, which is critical during the earliest stages of infection. Hollenbach and her colleagues found that having a particular mutation in that gene increases a person's chance of being asymptomatic by almost 10 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They \u003ca href=\"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21257065v2\">reported \u003c/a>those preliminary findings online last September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, they've gone on to show \u003cem>how \u003c/em>this mutation works. And it has to do with your immune system preparing for SARS-CoV-2 before the pandemic even began back in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a virus first enters cells, HLA signals to the immune system that cells are invaded and need help. That signal triggers a cascade of events that ultimately leads your body to make potent weapons specifically designed to fight SARS-CoV-2. These weapons include antibodies and T cells that uniquely recognize pieces of this virus. Once these targeted weapons are available, your immune system has a much easier time clearing up the infection. But these weapons take time to manufacture. And that delay allows the infection to spread and symptoms to develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if, for some lucky reason, your immune system already had weapons specifically targeted to SARS-CoV-2?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, Hollenbach and her colleagues demonstrated that, with a specific mutation in HLA, some people have T cells that are already pre-programmed to recognize and fight off SARS-CoV-2. So there's no delay in generating COVID-specific weaponry. It's already there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your immune response and these T cells fire up much more quickly [than in a person without the HLA mutation],\" Hollenbach says. \"So for lack of a better term, you basically nuke the infection before you even start to have symptoms.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here's the kicker. For the HLA mutation to work (and for you to have these pre-armed T cells), you first had to have been infected with another coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>Most of us have been exposed to some common cold coronavirus at some point in life,\" she explains. And we all generate T cells to fight off these colds. But if you also have this mutation in your HLA, Hollenbach says, then just by mere luck, these T cells you make can also fight off SARS-CoV-2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's definitely luck,\" she says. \"But, you know, this mutation is quite common. We estimate that maybe 1 in 10 people have it. And in people who are asymptomatic, that rises to 1 in 5.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Seeking possible superdodgers who'll spit into a cup\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While Hollenbach and her team continue to look for more mini-dodger genes, Casanova over at Rockefeller University and his colleagues are still trying to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-021-01030-z\">determine \u003c/a>if there are true superdodger genes. And he's \u003ca href=\"https://www.covidhge.com/participants\">looking for participants\u003c/a> right now for his study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You fill out a questionnaire online about your exposures to SARS-CoV-2,\" he says. And then if you meet the criteria of a superdodger, the team sends you a testing kit. Basically you spit in a cup and mail it back to Casanova and his collaborators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'll extract your DNA and sequence your genome,\" he explains. \"We hope that in a group of 2,000 to 4,000 people, some people will have genetic mutations that tell us why they're resistant to infection.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And perhaps, like with HIV, that finding will one day shift the field of COVID research and lead to a vaccine that does what everyone wishes our current vaccines would do: turn everyone into a COVID superdodger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11925322/so-you-havent-caught-covid-yet-does-that-mean-youre-a-superdodger","authors":["byline_news_11925322"],"categories":["news_457","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_31608","news_31605","news_27989","news_18542","news_922"],"featImg":"news_11925389","label":"source_news_11925322"},"news_11925024":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11925024","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11925024","score":null,"sort":[1662685230000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nprs-tamara-keith-on-biden-harris-trump-and-her-new-childrens-book","title":"NPR's Tamara Keith on Biden, Harris, Trump — and Her New Children's Book","publishDate":1662685230,"format":"audio","headTitle":"NPR’s Tamara Keith on Biden, Harris, Trump — and Her New Children’s Book | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":33544,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>This week Scott and Marisa talk about the rolling blackouts that didn’t happen, and why — despite that political win — Governor Gavin Newsom seems grumpy this week. Then, they’re joined by NPR White House Correspondent Tamara Keith (a former KQED reporter!) to talk about Biden’s recent speech, the midterm elections and her new children’s book, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/tamarakeithNPR/status/1567108377196597248?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet\">“Claire and the Eager Speaker.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700874842,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":73},"headData":{"title":"NPR's Tamara Keith on Biden, Harris, Trump — and Her New Children's Book | KQED","description":"This week Scott and Marisa talk about the rolling blackouts that didn't happen, and why -- despite that political win -- Governor Gavin Newsom seems grumpy this week. Then, they're joined by NPR White House Correspondent Tamara Keith (a former KQED reporter!) to talk about Biden's recent speech, the midterm elections and her new children's","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"NPR's Tamara Keith on Biden, Harris, Trump — and Her New Children's Book","datePublished":"2022-09-09T01:00:30.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-25T01:14:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC8246540816.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11925024/nprs-tamara-keith-on-biden-harris-trump-and-her-new-childrens-book","audioDuration":1781000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This week Scott and Marisa talk about the rolling blackouts that didn’t happen, and why — despite that political win — Governor Gavin Newsom seems grumpy this week. Then, they’re joined by NPR White House Correspondent Tamara Keith (a former KQED reporter!) to talk about Biden’s recent speech, the midterm elections and her new children’s book, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/tamarakeithNPR/status/1567108377196597248?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet\">“Claire and the Eager Speaker.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11925024/nprs-tamara-keith-on-biden-harris-trump-and-her-new-childrens-book","authors":["3239","255"],"programs":["news_33544"],"categories":["news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_30878","news_24474","news_18542","news_22235","news_20449"],"featImg":"news_11925025","label":"news_33544"},"news_11924263":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11924263","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11924263","score":null,"sort":[1661975062000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"life-expectancy-in-the-us-continues-to-drop-driven-by-covid-19","title":"Life Expectancy in the US Continues to Drop, Driven by COVID-19","publishDate":1661975062,"format":"standard","headTitle":"NPR | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":253,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Life expectancy in the U.S. fell in 2021, for the second year in a row. It was the biggest drop in almost 100 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, someone born in the U.S. had a life expectancy of nearly 80 years. In 202o, because of the pandemic, that dropped to 77 years. In 2021 life-span dropped again — to 76.1 years. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/vsrr023.pdf\">for some Americans, life expectancy is even lower, according to a provisional analysis\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The results of this study are very disturbing,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://familymedicine.vcu.edu/about/directories/steven-woolf-md-mph.html\">Dr. Steven Woolf,\u003c/a> a professor of population health and health equity at Virginia Commonwealth University. \"This shows that U.S. life expectancy in 2021 was even lower than in 2020,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other high-income countries have seen a rebound in life expectancy, which Woolf says makes the U.S. results, \"all the more tragic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most dramatic drops in life expectancy in 2021 was among American Indian and Alaskan Native people. Between 2020 and 2021 the life expectancy for this group fell by almost two years, from 67.1 in 2020 to 65.2 in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's horrific,\" Woolf says. \"The losses in the Native American population have been terrible during the COVID-19 pandemic. And it reflects a lot of barriers that tribal communities face in getting access to care,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White Americans also saw a larger decrease in life expectancy in 2021 than Black and Hispanic Americans. This was the reverse of what happened in 2020 when Hispanic Americans saw a 4 year decline and Black Americans saw a 3 year drop. Life expectancy for white Americans declined by a year in 2021 to 76.4. Black Americans saw a 0.7 year decline to 70.8 years, Hispanic Americans saw a 0.2 year decline to 77.7 years. Asian Americans saw a 0.1 year decline to 83.5 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woolf says the greater drop in life expectancy for white Americans could reflect attitudes in some parts of the country to vaccines and pandemic control measures. The U.S. health care system is fragmented he points out — public health is determined by the states, which means there were 50 different pandemic response plans. The states which were more relaxed about COVID restrictions and have lower vaccination rates saw higher excess deaths during the delta and omicron surges than states which had more aggressive vaccination campaigns, masking and other mitigation requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/19/1098543849/pro-trump-counties-continue-to-suffer-far-higher-covid-death-tolls\">Death rates from COVID-19 in counties that went heavily for Donald Trump saw higher death rates\u003c/a> than counties that favored President Biden, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/19/1098543849/pro-trump-counties-continue-to-suffer-far-higher-covid-death-tolls\">an NPR analysis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Injuries, heart disease, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis and suicide also contributed to the life expectancy decline. Increases in unintentional injuries in 2021 were largely driven by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/07/20/1112331075/u-s-death-toll-from-drug-overdoses-is-rising-fast-among-black-and-indigenous-peo\">drug overdose deaths which increased during the pandemic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The COVID-19 pandemic has in effect wiped out the health gains that the U.S. has made in the 20th century,\" says John Haaga, a member of Maryland's Commission on Aging. \"To have this second year of crash basically wiping out the meager gains made during the century is really pretty shocking,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. has been lagging for years in making improvements in things like heart disease — the country's number one killer — and the life expectancy gap between the U.S. and other countries has been growing for decades, Haaga says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of much poorer countries do much better than us in life expectancy,\" he says. \"It's not genetics, it's that we have been falling behind for 50 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Life+expectancy+in+the+U.S.+continues+to+drop%2C+driven+by+COVID-19&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Americans' life expectancy dropped for the second year in a row and is the biggest drop since the 1920s. COVID-19 is driving the downward trend, according to CDC data.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1661980808,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":617},"headData":{"title":"Life Expectancy in the US Continues to Drop, Driven by COVID-19 | KQED","description":"Americans' life expectancy dropped for the second year in a row and is the biggest drop since the 1920s. COVID-19 is driving the downward trend, according to CDC data.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Life Expectancy in the US Continues to Drop, Driven by COVID-19","datePublished":"2022-08-31T19:44:22.000Z","dateModified":"2022-08-31T21:20:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11924263 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11924263","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/08/31/life-expectancy-in-the-us-continues-to-drop-driven-by-covid-19/","disqusTitle":"Life Expectancy in the US Continues to Drop, Driven by COVID-19","nprImageCredit":"Spencer Platt","nprByline":"Selena Simmons-Duffin","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"1120192583","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1120192583&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/08/31/1120192583/life-expectancy-in-the-u-s-continues-to-drop-driven-by-covid-19?ft=nprml&f=1120192583","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 31 Aug 2022 11:03:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 31 Aug 2022 01:37:39 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 31 Aug 2022 11:03:14 -0400","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11924263/life-expectancy-in-the-us-continues-to-drop-driven-by-covid-19","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Life expectancy in the U.S. fell in 2021, for the second year in a row. It was the biggest drop in almost 100 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, someone born in the U.S. had a life expectancy of nearly 80 years. In 202o, because of the pandemic, that dropped to 77 years. In 2021 life-span dropped again — to 76.1 years. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/vsrr023.pdf\">for some Americans, life expectancy is even lower, according to a provisional analysis\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The results of this study are very disturbing,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://familymedicine.vcu.edu/about/directories/steven-woolf-md-mph.html\">Dr. Steven Woolf,\u003c/a> a professor of population health and health equity at Virginia Commonwealth University. \"This shows that U.S. life expectancy in 2021 was even lower than in 2020,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other high-income countries have seen a rebound in life expectancy, which Woolf says makes the U.S. results, \"all the more tragic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most dramatic drops in life expectancy in 2021 was among American Indian and Alaskan Native people. Between 2020 and 2021 the life expectancy for this group fell by almost two years, from 67.1 in 2020 to 65.2 in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's horrific,\" Woolf says. \"The losses in the Native American population have been terrible during the COVID-19 pandemic. And it reflects a lot of barriers that tribal communities face in getting access to care,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White Americans also saw a larger decrease in life expectancy in 2021 than Black and Hispanic Americans. This was the reverse of what happened in 2020 when Hispanic Americans saw a 4 year decline and Black Americans saw a 3 year drop. Life expectancy for white Americans declined by a year in 2021 to 76.4. Black Americans saw a 0.7 year decline to 70.8 years, Hispanic Americans saw a 0.2 year decline to 77.7 years. Asian Americans saw a 0.1 year decline to 83.5 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woolf says the greater drop in life expectancy for white Americans could reflect attitudes in some parts of the country to vaccines and pandemic control measures. The U.S. health care system is fragmented he points out — public health is determined by the states, which means there were 50 different pandemic response plans. The states which were more relaxed about COVID restrictions and have lower vaccination rates saw higher excess deaths during the delta and omicron surges than states which had more aggressive vaccination campaigns, masking and other mitigation requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/19/1098543849/pro-trump-counties-continue-to-suffer-far-higher-covid-death-tolls\">Death rates from COVID-19 in counties that went heavily for Donald Trump saw higher death rates\u003c/a> than counties that favored President Biden, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/19/1098543849/pro-trump-counties-continue-to-suffer-far-higher-covid-death-tolls\">an NPR analysis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Injuries, heart disease, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis and suicide also contributed to the life expectancy decline. Increases in unintentional injuries in 2021 were largely driven by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/07/20/1112331075/u-s-death-toll-from-drug-overdoses-is-rising-fast-among-black-and-indigenous-peo\">drug overdose deaths which increased during the pandemic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The COVID-19 pandemic has in effect wiped out the health gains that the U.S. has made in the 20th century,\" says John Haaga, a member of Maryland's Commission on Aging. \"To have this second year of crash basically wiping out the meager gains made during the century is really pretty shocking,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. has been lagging for years in making improvements in things like heart disease — the country's number one killer — and the life expectancy gap between the U.S. and other countries has been growing for decades, Haaga says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of much poorer countries do much better than us in life expectancy,\" he says. \"It's not genetics, it's that we have been falling behind for 50 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Life+expectancy+in+the+U.S.+continues+to+drop%2C+driven+by+COVID-19&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11924263/life-expectancy-in-the-us-continues-to-drop-driven-by-covid-19","authors":["byline_news_11924263"],"categories":["news_457","news_8"],"tags":["news_27350","news_27989","news_18543","news_30620","news_18542","news_19960"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11924264","label":"news_253"},"news_11922351":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11922351","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11922351","score":null,"sort":[1660331807000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"3-ways-the-inflation-reduction-act-would-pay-you-to-help-fight-climate-change","title":"3 Ways the Inflation Reduction Act Would Pay You to Help Fight Climate Change","publishDate":1660331807,"format":"standard","headTitle":"NPR | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":253,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Money in the\u003ca href=\"https://www.democrats.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/inflation_reduction_act_of_2022.pdf\"> Inflation Reduction Act\u003c/a> would make it cheaper for Americans to curb their own climate-warming emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most of the bill's climate benefits would come from incentivizing major shifts, such as building more wind and solar power, individual choices can add up when undertaken on a large scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what you need to know about three ways the bill would pay consumers to make greener choices if it passes the House of Representatives, as expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Money for efficient electric appliances — and the home upgrades needed to support them\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first home benefit Americans would see is a tax credit for energy efficiency upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Inflation Reduction Act calls for reviving a credit that ended last year, making it retroactive for all of 2022 and extending it for more than a decade. Homeowners who front the cost of energy efficiency improvements, from new doors and windows to more efficient appliances, would be able to claim up to $1,200 a year or 30% of the total cost at tax time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Down the road, the bill would also set aside more than $8 billion for two rebate programs, aimed at lower- and middle-income households. One would incentivize replacing old appliances with new energy-efficient ones, as well as the home upgrades necessary to support them; and the other, to cut down on energy wasted at home. But those will take time to set up because states must apply for the money and set up systems to implement the rebates, according to Lowell Ungar, director of federal policy with the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE), a nonprofit research organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once that happens, the language in the bill allows for the rebates to take effect at the point of sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rebate actually means a discount,\" says Jamal Lewis, director of Policy Partnerships and Equitable Electrification at Rewiring America. Buyers who make 80% or less of the\u003ca href=\"https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/il.html\"> area median income\u003c/a> can access the most money, while those making up to 150% of area median income see a smaller benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These rebates are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Up to $1,750 for a heat pump water heater.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $8,000 for a heat pump for space heating or cooling.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $840 for an electric stove, cooktop, range, or oven; or an electric heat pump clothes dryer.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $4,000 for a breaker box upgrade.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $1,600 for insulation, air sealing, and ventilation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $2,500 for electric wiring.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Once installed, certain appliances like heat pumps are also cheaper to run in most of the United States, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aceee.org/press-release/2022/07/analysis-electric-heat-pumps-offer-cheapest-clean-heating-option-most-us\">according to ACEEE\u003c/a>. Electric appliances, unlike fossil-fuel-powered ones, can also switch to run on renewable energy as more wind and solar power are added to the grid. Simply put, \"it's a cleaner, better approach\" to home energy, Ungar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1978640,science_1978423,news_11921266\"]The Act would also create a second rebate program, which would pay households between $2,000 and $8,000 for undertaking holistic upgrades such as new insulation or air sealing, which significantly lower their energy waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Money for residential solar panels and energy storage\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For homeowners looking to capture renewable energy themselves, the Act would bulk up existing tax credits for residential solar and as well home energy storage systems, basically giant batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taken together, these measures would reduce a building's draw on the electric grid during peak use, for example, when everyone is running their air conditioners during a heat wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really strengthens the grid for everybody,\" says Abigail Ross Hopper, president of the Solar Energy Industries Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners could get up to 30% of the cost of home solar back at tax time, retroactive to the beginning of 2022 and running through 2032, with the amount tapering until the end of 2034. The same incentive would apply to storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Electric vehicle tax credits aims to help low- and middle-income buyers, but excludes many vehicles\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Experts say the bill's electric vehicle tax credits — up to $7,500 for a new EV and $4,000 for a used one — are a mixed bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some measures would democratize who can buy an EV, according to John Helveston, an assistant professor at George Washington University who studies EV markets. Eligible buyers can't make more than $300,000/year on a jointly filed tax return when claiming the credit for a new EV, and the money cannot apply to a car that sells for more than $55,000, or truck/SUV/van priced higher than $80,000, a step that excludes luxury vehicles from the tax credit scheme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's steering everything towards making more affordable, more accessible EVs for the mass market. And that's the direction we need to be going,\" says Helveston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The credits could also be transferred to car dealers, in order to apply at the time of sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But half of the tax credit amount is tied to gradually increasing requirements that critical minerals used to make EV batteries come from North America or the U.S.'s free trade partners, something manufacturers say is difficult if not impossible right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While we work to unlock supplies of critical minerals and ramp up battery production at home, we can't currently meet the demand for these materials on our own,\" wrote John Bozzella, president and CEO of the Alliance for Automotive Innovation, in a\u003ca href=\"https://www.autosinnovate.org/posts/press-release/auto-innovators-statement-on-inflation-reduction-act\"> statement\u003c/a> on the Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His group estimated that the language in the bill would exclude many models from qualifying, and that\u003ca href=\"https://www.autosinnovate.org/posts/blog/what-if-no-evs-qualify-for-the-ev-tax-credit\"> none could qualify for the full $7,500\u003c/a> once the mineral requirements kick in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, consumers should not despair, says Helveston, since the other half of the tax credit should be accessible for at least some vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not all or nothing,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=3+ways+the+Inflation+Reduction+Act+would+pay+you+to+help+fight+climate+change&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Some of the Act's $369 billion in energy and climate spending aims to make it easier and cheaper for Americans to live more sustainably. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1660342581,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":985},"headData":{"title":"3 Ways the Inflation Reduction Act Would Pay You to Help Fight Climate Change | KQED","description":"Some of the Act's $369 billion in energy and climate spending aims to make it easier and cheaper for Americans to live more sustainably. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"3 Ways the Inflation Reduction Act Would Pay You to Help Fight Climate Change","datePublished":"2022-08-12T19:16:47.000Z","dateModified":"2022-08-12T22:16:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11922351 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11922351","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/08/12/3-ways-the-inflation-reduction-act-would-pay-you-to-help-fight-climate-change/","disqusTitle":"3 Ways the Inflation Reduction Act Would Pay You to Help Fight Climate Change","nprImageCredit":"Craig Ruttle","nprByline":"Laura Benshoff","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"1116769983","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1116769983&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/11/1116769983/3-ways-the-inflation-reduction-act-would-pay-you-to-help-fight-climate-change?ft=nprml&f=1116769983","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 11 Aug 2022 18:04:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 11 Aug 2022 11:53:44 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 11 Aug 2022 11:53:58 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2022/08/20220811_atc_3_ways_the_inflation_reduction_act_would_pay_you_to_help_fight_climate_change.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=194&p=2&story=1116769983&ft=nprml&f=1116769983","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11117015512-0c52ee.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=194&p=2&story=1116769983&ft=nprml&f=1116769983","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11922351/3-ways-the-inflation-reduction-act-would-pay-you-to-help-fight-climate-change","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2022/08/20220811_atc_3_ways_the_inflation_reduction_act_would_pay_you_to_help_fight_climate_change.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=194&p=2&story=1116769983&ft=nprml&f=1116769983","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Money in the\u003ca href=\"https://www.democrats.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/inflation_reduction_act_of_2022.pdf\"> Inflation Reduction Act\u003c/a> would make it cheaper for Americans to curb their own climate-warming emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most of the bill's climate benefits would come from incentivizing major shifts, such as building more wind and solar power, individual choices can add up when undertaken on a large scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what you need to know about three ways the bill would pay consumers to make greener choices if it passes the House of Representatives, as expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Money for efficient electric appliances — and the home upgrades needed to support them\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first home benefit Americans would see is a tax credit for energy efficiency upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Inflation Reduction Act calls for reviving a credit that ended last year, making it retroactive for all of 2022 and extending it for more than a decade. Homeowners who front the cost of energy efficiency improvements, from new doors and windows to more efficient appliances, would be able to claim up to $1,200 a year or 30% of the total cost at tax time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Down the road, the bill would also set aside more than $8 billion for two rebate programs, aimed at lower- and middle-income households. One would incentivize replacing old appliances with new energy-efficient ones, as well as the home upgrades necessary to support them; and the other, to cut down on energy wasted at home. But those will take time to set up because states must apply for the money and set up systems to implement the rebates, according to Lowell Ungar, director of federal policy with the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE), a nonprofit research organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once that happens, the language in the bill allows for the rebates to take effect at the point of sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rebate actually means a discount,\" says Jamal Lewis, director of Policy Partnerships and Equitable Electrification at Rewiring America. Buyers who make 80% or less of the\u003ca href=\"https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/il.html\"> area median income\u003c/a> can access the most money, while those making up to 150% of area median income see a smaller benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These rebates are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Up to $1,750 for a heat pump water heater.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $8,000 for a heat pump for space heating or cooling.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $840 for an electric stove, cooktop, range, or oven; or an electric heat pump clothes dryer.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $4,000 for a breaker box upgrade.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $1,600 for insulation, air sealing, and ventilation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $2,500 for electric wiring.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Once installed, certain appliances like heat pumps are also cheaper to run in most of the United States, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aceee.org/press-release/2022/07/analysis-electric-heat-pumps-offer-cheapest-clean-heating-option-most-us\">according to ACEEE\u003c/a>. Electric appliances, unlike fossil-fuel-powered ones, can also switch to run on renewable energy as more wind and solar power are added to the grid. Simply put, \"it's a cleaner, better approach\" to home energy, Ungar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"science_1978640,science_1978423,news_11921266"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Act would also create a second rebate program, which would pay households between $2,000 and $8,000 for undertaking holistic upgrades such as new insulation or air sealing, which significantly lower their energy waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Money for residential solar panels and energy storage\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For homeowners looking to capture renewable energy themselves, the Act would bulk up existing tax credits for residential solar and as well home energy storage systems, basically giant batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taken together, these measures would reduce a building's draw on the electric grid during peak use, for example, when everyone is running their air conditioners during a heat wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really strengthens the grid for everybody,\" says Abigail Ross Hopper, president of the Solar Energy Industries Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners could get up to 30% of the cost of home solar back at tax time, retroactive to the beginning of 2022 and running through 2032, with the amount tapering until the end of 2034. The same incentive would apply to storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Electric vehicle tax credits aims to help low- and middle-income buyers, but excludes many vehicles\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Experts say the bill's electric vehicle tax credits — up to $7,500 for a new EV and $4,000 for a used one — are a mixed bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some measures would democratize who can buy an EV, according to John Helveston, an assistant professor at George Washington University who studies EV markets. Eligible buyers can't make more than $300,000/year on a jointly filed tax return when claiming the credit for a new EV, and the money cannot apply to a car that sells for more than $55,000, or truck/SUV/van priced higher than $80,000, a step that excludes luxury vehicles from the tax credit scheme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's steering everything towards making more affordable, more accessible EVs for the mass market. And that's the direction we need to be going,\" says Helveston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The credits could also be transferred to car dealers, in order to apply at the time of sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But half of the tax credit amount is tied to gradually increasing requirements that critical minerals used to make EV batteries come from North America or the U.S.'s free trade partners, something manufacturers say is difficult if not impossible right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While we work to unlock supplies of critical minerals and ramp up battery production at home, we can't currently meet the demand for these materials on our own,\" wrote John Bozzella, president and CEO of the Alliance for Automotive Innovation, in a\u003ca href=\"https://www.autosinnovate.org/posts/press-release/auto-innovators-statement-on-inflation-reduction-act\"> statement\u003c/a> on the Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His group estimated that the language in the bill would exclude many models from qualifying, and that\u003ca href=\"https://www.autosinnovate.org/posts/blog/what-if-no-evs-qualify-for-the-ev-tax-credit\"> none could qualify for the full $7,500\u003c/a> once the mineral requirements kick in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, consumers should not despair, says Helveston, since the other half of the tax credit should be accessible for at least some vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not all or nothing,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=3+ways+the+Inflation+Reduction+Act+would+pay+you+to+help+fight+climate+change&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11922351/3-ways-the-inflation-reduction-act-would-pay-you-to-help-fight-climate-change","authors":["byline_news_11922351"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_255","news_30877","news_18542","news_31446","news_29704"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11922383","label":"news_253"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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