UC Hastings, Tribal Leaders Continue Talks on Name Change and Possible Reparations
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'Our Culture Is Being Taken Away From Us': The Karuk Tribe Pushes to Restore Native Burn Management to Protect Forests
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FM","link":"/"}},"news_11916527":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11916527","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11916527","score":null,"sort":[1654733490000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"uc-hastings-would-have-to-change-name-offer-reparations-to-tribes-harmed-by-namesake-new-state-bill-says","title":"UC Hastings, Tribal Leaders Continue Talks on Name Change and Possible Reparations","publishDate":1654733490,"format":"standard","headTitle":"CALmatters | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>When the board of University of California Hastings College of the Law sat down last Friday to discuss the next steps in changing the school’s name, California tribal leaders were at the table with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The meeting of the two groups was the latest development in a years-long process to redress violence perpetrated against Indigenous Californians by the college’s founder, Serranus Clinton Hastings. The law school isn’t just getting a new name: Under a bill now pending in the Legislature, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1936\">it would also make reparations to tribes affected by Hastings’ actions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making sure tribal leaders are part of the conversation about the name change sets the tone for how restorative justice should be carried out, said the bill’s author, Assemblymember James Ramos, a Rancho Cucamonga Democrat and the first member of a California Native American tribe to serve in the state Legislature. Ramos is a member of the Serrano/Cahuilla Tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re laying the groundwork and a model for others to be able to follow when we’re dealing with these types of historical trauma that has been inflicted upon California Indian people,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The controversy dates back to 2017, when the university investigated how Hastings, the first chief justice of the California Supreme Court, promoted and funded massacres in the 1850s against the Yuki Tribe and other Indigenous Californians in the Eden Valley and Round Valley areas of what is now Mendocino County. A subsequent New York Times article looked at the university’s findings, sparking more widespread public outcry, and prompting the school’s board last year to sign off on the process of exploring a new name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Reparations in California\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png\"]“This has been a long road that has gotten us here, and the road will continue past this moment,” said the law school’s dean, David Faigman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the university’s findings, Hastings funded hunting expeditions that led to the deaths of Yuki men, women and children; profited off the seizure of land following the massacres; and funded the college with a $100,000 donation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Russ, president of the Round Valley Indian Tribes Tribal Council, said the name change isn’t about placing blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re saying is this is what happened to our tribes historically, and it needs to be acknowledged,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name-change process, though, remains contentious, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/17/us/new-name-california-law-school.html\">ongoing disagreement on what the college should be called\u003c/a>. During Friday’s meeting, members of the public urged the board to consider suggestions from tribal leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One name proposed was “College of the Law: San Francisco.” Russ said tribal leaders pushed back against the proposal because of its connection to the Catholic mission system, which also perpetuated violence against California Indigenous people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To us, the name San Francisco means the same kind of death and destruction as the name Hastings, just a different time and place,” said Steve Brown, councilmember of the Yuki Committee. “We don’t feel restorative justice would be accomplished by substituting one name with a horrific history for another with an equally horrific history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, there’s also hope among some tribal representatives that the college will consider a Yuki name. The area where the massacres occurred was Yuki land, and other tribes were forcibly relocated there. Today, the confederated tribes of the Round Valley Indian Reservation include Yuki, Pit River, Little Lake Pomo, Nomlacki, Concow and Wailacki.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown urged board members to choose a name that includes two words from the Yuki language: Powe Nom, which means “one people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a Yuki name is chosen, “all who attend and speak of this institution will be participating in the restorative justice process whenever the law school is mentioned, by speaking and helping revitalize the Yuki language,” said Yuki Committee Vice Chair Mona Oandasan during an April hearing on the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name change can’t happen without legislation, since the school was founded under the state’s education code. Ramos’ legislation, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1936\">Assembly Bill 1936\u003c/a>, would authorize changing the college’s name with consultation from the Round Valley Indian Tribes and the Yuki Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill also lays out restorative justice measures, including the creation of scholarships for Native students, installing memorials and developing ways for the school and its students to provide legal aid to tribes affected by the atrocities.[aside postID=\"news_11912123\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/ATN_611-Thumbnails-3-1038x576.png\"] The bill, approved on a 75-0 vote in the Assembly last month, is now before the Senate. At the same time, meetings will continue between the tribes and university leaders to settle on a new name, with the goal of adding it to the bill for lawmakers to vote on before the end of the legislative session in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Hastings is hardly the only university grappling with its history and namesakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2020/01/30/boalt-hall-denamed/#:~:text=Boalt%20and%20'The%20Chinese%20Question'&text=Out%20of%20respect%20for%20Elizabeth,law%20school%20relocated%20in%201951.\">UC Berkeley removed John Henry Boalt’s name from its law school building\u003c/a>, after racist anti-Chinese writings from the attorney were surfaced. And in 2017, \u003ca href=\"https://www.georgetown.edu/news/georgetown-to-rename-building-for-isaac-hawkins-one-of-272-enslaved-in-1838-sale/#:~:text=The%20university%20changed%20the%20name,during%20an%20April%2018%20ceremony.\">Georgetown University changed the names of two buildings\u003c/a> that had commemorated school presidents who oversaw the sale of 272 enslaved people in 1838.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts at these universities have also put an emphasis on restorative justice. Along with the renaming, \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/georgetown-university-announces-reparations-fund-benefit-descendants-slaves/story?id=66642286\">Georgetown offered preferred admission\u003c/a> to descendants of the 272 enslaved people. At Harvard University, after \u003ca href=\"https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2022/04/slavery-probe-harvards-ties-inseparable-from-rise/\">research revealed deep links between slavery and past school presidents\u003c/a>, a university report recommended partnerships with community groups and relevant schools — such as historically Black colleges and universities — to benefit the descendants of those affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the restorative justice efforts at Hastings have already begun. The university created an Indigenous Law Center and \u003ca href=\"https://www.uchastings.edu/2022/05/24/uc-hastings-students-will-give-free-legal-aid-to-indigenous-communities-this-summer/\">has established a fellowship for law students\u003c/a>, providing legal aid to Indigenous communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The renaming will cost UC Hastings an estimated $3 million, said university spokesperson Elizabeth Moore. A fiscal analysis of the bill states there would be \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1936#\">ongoing costs of about $559,000\u003c/a> for the college’s Indigenous Law Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other measures outlined in the bill include the formation of a nonprofit that would provide legal aid to tribal leaders on water and property rights' issues. The university also would create a memorial on its campus for the Yuki and Round Valley Indian tribes and establish scholarships for admitted law students who are tribal members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, of the Yuki Committee, said these initiatives would be a big step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The tribal council has ongoing issues with water rights and land boundaries,” said Brown. “The tribal members have legal issues with land and timber, so that pro bono legal advice will be helpful. The scholarships will help the tribe to become more educated and successful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though a name hasn’t yet been chosen, both the school and tribes agree that the restorative justice measures ought to move forward. To Russ, of the Round Valley Indian Tribes Tribal Council, these conversations are the most critical part of the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want our story to be told. It’s not just about a name change, and we want our story to be told accurately,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sindhu Ananthavel is a fellow with the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/projects/college-journalism-network/\">CalMatters College Journalism Network\u003c/a>, a collaboration between CalMatters and student journalists from across California. Marnette Federis, the network’s UC team leader, contributed to this report. This story and other higher education coverage are supported by the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Debate continues over a new name for the UC Hastings law school, following revelations that its founder participated in massacres of Native Americans — and the California Assembly voted unanimously to support legislation requiring reparations.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1655316173,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1324},"headData":{"title":"UC Hastings, Tribal Leaders Continue Talks on Name Change and Possible Reparations | KQED","description":"Debate continues over a new name for the UC Hastings law school, following revelations that its founder participated in massacres of Native Americans — and the California Assembly voted unanimously to support legislation requiring reparations.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"UC Hastings, Tribal Leaders Continue Talks on Name Change and Possible Reparations","datePublished":"2022-06-09T00:11:30.000Z","dateModified":"2022-06-15T18:02:53.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11916527 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11916527","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/06/08/uc-hastings-would-have-to-change-name-offer-reparations-to-tribes-harmed-by-namesake-new-state-bill-says/","disqusTitle":"UC Hastings, Tribal Leaders Continue Talks on Name Change and Possible Reparations","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/sindhu-ananthavel/\">Sindhu Ananthavel\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11916527/uc-hastings-would-have-to-change-name-offer-reparations-to-tribes-harmed-by-namesake-new-state-bill-says","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When the board of University of California Hastings College of the Law sat down last Friday to discuss the next steps in changing the school’s name, California tribal leaders were at the table with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The meeting of the two groups was the latest development in a years-long process to redress violence perpetrated against Indigenous Californians by the college’s founder, Serranus Clinton Hastings. The law school isn’t just getting a new name: Under a bill now pending in the Legislature, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1936\">it would also make reparations to tribes affected by Hastings’ actions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making sure tribal leaders are part of the conversation about the name change sets the tone for how restorative justice should be carried out, said the bill’s author, Assemblymember James Ramos, a Rancho Cucamonga Democrat and the first member of a California Native American tribe to serve in the state Legislature. Ramos is a member of the Serrano/Cahuilla Tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re laying the groundwork and a model for others to be able to follow when we’re dealing with these types of historical trauma that has been inflicted upon California Indian people,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The controversy dates back to 2017, when the university investigated how Hastings, the first chief justice of the California Supreme Court, promoted and funded massacres in the 1850s against the Yuki Tribe and other Indigenous Californians in the Eden Valley and Round Valley areas of what is now Mendocino County. A subsequent New York Times article looked at the university’s findings, sparking more widespread public outcry, and prompting the school’s board last year to sign off on the process of exploring a new name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Reparations in California ","link1":"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“This has been a long road that has gotten us here, and the road will continue past this moment,” said the law school’s dean, David Faigman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the university’s findings, Hastings funded hunting expeditions that led to the deaths of Yuki men, women and children; profited off the seizure of land following the massacres; and funded the college with a $100,000 donation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Russ, president of the Round Valley Indian Tribes Tribal Council, said the name change isn’t about placing blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re saying is this is what happened to our tribes historically, and it needs to be acknowledged,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name-change process, though, remains contentious, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/17/us/new-name-california-law-school.html\">ongoing disagreement on what the college should be called\u003c/a>. During Friday’s meeting, members of the public urged the board to consider suggestions from tribal leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One name proposed was “College of the Law: San Francisco.” Russ said tribal leaders pushed back against the proposal because of its connection to the Catholic mission system, which also perpetuated violence against California Indigenous people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To us, the name San Francisco means the same kind of death and destruction as the name Hastings, just a different time and place,” said Steve Brown, councilmember of the Yuki Committee. “We don’t feel restorative justice would be accomplished by substituting one name with a horrific history for another with an equally horrific history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, there’s also hope among some tribal representatives that the college will consider a Yuki name. The area where the massacres occurred was Yuki land, and other tribes were forcibly relocated there. Today, the confederated tribes of the Round Valley Indian Reservation include Yuki, Pit River, Little Lake Pomo, Nomlacki, Concow and Wailacki.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown urged board members to choose a name that includes two words from the Yuki language: Powe Nom, which means “one people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a Yuki name is chosen, “all who attend and speak of this institution will be participating in the restorative justice process whenever the law school is mentioned, by speaking and helping revitalize the Yuki language,” said Yuki Committee Vice Chair Mona Oandasan during an April hearing on the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name change can’t happen without legislation, since the school was founded under the state’s education code. Ramos’ legislation, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1936\">Assembly Bill 1936\u003c/a>, would authorize changing the college’s name with consultation from the Round Valley Indian Tribes and the Yuki Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill also lays out restorative justice measures, including the creation of scholarships for Native students, installing memorials and developing ways for the school and its students to provide legal aid to tribes affected by the atrocities.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11912123","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/ATN_611-Thumbnails-3-1038x576.png","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> The bill, approved on a 75-0 vote in the Assembly last month, is now before the Senate. At the same time, meetings will continue between the tribes and university leaders to settle on a new name, with the goal of adding it to the bill for lawmakers to vote on before the end of the legislative session in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Hastings is hardly the only university grappling with its history and namesakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2020/01/30/boalt-hall-denamed/#:~:text=Boalt%20and%20'The%20Chinese%20Question'&text=Out%20of%20respect%20for%20Elizabeth,law%20school%20relocated%20in%201951.\">UC Berkeley removed John Henry Boalt’s name from its law school building\u003c/a>, after racist anti-Chinese writings from the attorney were surfaced. And in 2017, \u003ca href=\"https://www.georgetown.edu/news/georgetown-to-rename-building-for-isaac-hawkins-one-of-272-enslaved-in-1838-sale/#:~:text=The%20university%20changed%20the%20name,during%20an%20April%2018%20ceremony.\">Georgetown University changed the names of two buildings\u003c/a> that had commemorated school presidents who oversaw the sale of 272 enslaved people in 1838.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts at these universities have also put an emphasis on restorative justice. Along with the renaming, \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/georgetown-university-announces-reparations-fund-benefit-descendants-slaves/story?id=66642286\">Georgetown offered preferred admission\u003c/a> to descendants of the 272 enslaved people. At Harvard University, after \u003ca href=\"https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2022/04/slavery-probe-harvards-ties-inseparable-from-rise/\">research revealed deep links between slavery and past school presidents\u003c/a>, a university report recommended partnerships with community groups and relevant schools — such as historically Black colleges and universities — to benefit the descendants of those affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the restorative justice efforts at Hastings have already begun. The university created an Indigenous Law Center and \u003ca href=\"https://www.uchastings.edu/2022/05/24/uc-hastings-students-will-give-free-legal-aid-to-indigenous-communities-this-summer/\">has established a fellowship for law students\u003c/a>, providing legal aid to Indigenous communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The renaming will cost UC Hastings an estimated $3 million, said university spokesperson Elizabeth Moore. A fiscal analysis of the bill states there would be \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1936#\">ongoing costs of about $559,000\u003c/a> for the college’s Indigenous Law Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other measures outlined in the bill include the formation of a nonprofit that would provide legal aid to tribal leaders on water and property rights' issues. The university also would create a memorial on its campus for the Yuki and Round Valley Indian tribes and establish scholarships for admitted law students who are tribal members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, of the Yuki Committee, said these initiatives would be a big step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The tribal council has ongoing issues with water rights and land boundaries,” said Brown. “The tribal members have legal issues with land and timber, so that pro bono legal advice will be helpful. The scholarships will help the tribe to become more educated and successful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though a name hasn’t yet been chosen, both the school and tribes agree that the restorative justice measures ought to move forward. To Russ, of the Round Valley Indian Tribes Tribal Council, these conversations are the most critical part of the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want our story to be told. It’s not just about a name change, and we want our story to be told accurately,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sindhu Ananthavel is a fellow with the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/projects/college-journalism-network/\">CalMatters College Journalism Network\u003c/a>, a collaboration between CalMatters and student journalists from across California. Marnette Federis, the network’s UC team leader, contributed to this report. This story and other higher education coverage are supported by the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11916527/uc-hastings-would-have-to-change-name-offer-reparations-to-tribes-harmed-by-namesake-new-state-bill-says","authors":["byline_news_11916527"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_1261","news_2923","news_21185"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11916536","label":"news_18481"},"news_11888051":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11888051","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11888051","score":null,"sort":[1631323812000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"where-did-this-start-in-yurok-domestic-violence-program-understanding-generational-roots-of-trauma-is-key","title":"'Where Did This Start?' In Yurok Domestic Violence Program, Understanding Generational Roots of Trauma Is Key","publishDate":1631323812,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report Magazine | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":26731,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's Note: Due to the stigma of domestic violence in tribal communities, KQED is not using Mark and Lydia’s real names, or disclosing their location or tribal affiliation. This story contains depictions of violence and a description of racial slurs.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]A[/dropcap]s a kid, Mark often came home to a racket on the block. Then the truth would sink in. The hitting and screaming was coming from his house. His dad’s drinking made the beatings worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He busted my mom’s teeth out with a rifle,” said Mark, who grew up in rural Northern California near the Oregon border. “I remember seeing this. So my first memories are of domestic violence. I was born into domestic violence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark, now in his early fifties, found out later that his father had been abused, beaten as a child. His dad was repeating what he had learned. And after Mark fell in love and began a relationship with Lydia, it wasn’t long before he carried the behavior forward again, himself. “I’m a typical Native American man,” he said. “There’s a thousand of me all around the area right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lydia, who had also experienced intergenerational violence and abuse in her family, stayed in the relationship. In time, she’d wind up facing a domestic violence charge herself, just like Mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Mark\"]'I loved her and I loved my children, and I wanted to be better. But I didn’t know how to get there.'[/pullquote]A National Institute of Justice \u003ca href=\"https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/violence-against-american-indian-and-alaska-native-women-and-men\">study from 2016\u003c/a> found that nearly 85% of American Indians and Alaska Natives had experienced violence in their lifetime, compared to a little over two-thirds for non-Hispanic whites. The rates of physical violence at the hands of an intimate partner were also markedly higher for Indigenous respondents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the root is trauma that dates back generations, all the way to colonizers' invasions. Mental health experts have \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/cultural-competency/education/stress-and-trauma/indigenous-people\">defined that historical trauma\u003c/a> as “cumulative emotional and psychological wounding, over the lifespan and across generations, emanating from massive group trauma experiences.” In California, the forcible separation of Indigenous peoples from their lands, traditions and language are just some examples of the collective losses Native Americans have experienced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Mark and Lydia’s journey eventually brought healing – thanks in part to an approach to justice rooted in the region’s Indigenous cultural values, restorative more than punitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key, Lydia said: “Going back and really finding out, ‘Where did this start?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Cycles of abuse\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For Mark, the racial slurs began in elementary school. 'Wagon burner.' 'Dirty Indian.' He said he came home crying nearly every day. By now, his mom had left his dad and Mark had a step-father, who “taught me most of all the cultural things that I know,” he said. “He taught me how to fish. He taught me how to take care of my family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also signed Mark up for boxing lessons, so he could learn to fight his bullies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I started busting people's noses and giving them black eyes, and they quit teasing me. That power was intoxicating,” he said. “Like a drug. It was addicting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up, Lydia, also contended with trauma. Her dad had abused her mom, who left with Lydia when she was a baby to move in with her own mother. But Lydia’s grandma – who herself had been beaten and molested as a child, Lydia later learned – could be cruel, locking Lydia in a back room in the dark. Denying her food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mom was around, Lydia said, but had different priorities: “Drugs and alcohol and partying.” By age 15, Lydia was doing drugs, too, and couch surfing. She found a boyfriend – who beat her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just really wanted to be loved,” she said, “and of course when they tell you, ‘I love you,’ you really want to believe it, even if you know it’s not true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Historical trauma\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Abby Abinanti is chief justice of the Yurok Tribe, whose ancestral lands in California stretch from Humboldt to Del Norte County near the Oregon border. In 1974, she became the \u003ca href=\"https://trellis.law/judge/abby.abinanti\">first Native American woman admitted to the State Bar of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Abby Abinanti, chief justice of the Yurok Tribe\"]'People covered up the dance sites, hid the regalia, weren’t allowed to speak the language. Language is something that comes out of what people think and believe... And so we learned another language that didn’t think and believe what we did.'[/pullquote]Legends and parables make it clear that domestic violence was not tolerated in traditional Yurok culture, said Abinanti, 73. Rather, it’s a relatively recent symptom of the wound of colonization. Treating that symptom without addressing the cause gets you nowhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you have to do is look at the context and where it came from,” she said. And in Northern California, “it came from things \u003ca href=\"https://www.csus.edu/indiv/t/tumminia/memorial.htm\">like boarding school, massacres and the Indian Slave Act\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The official title of the latter was “\u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/IB.pdf\">The Act for the Government and Protection of Indians\u003c/a>.” Passed at California’s first Constitutional Convention in 1850, it allowed Indigenous children – and adults – to be indentured to white settlers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many were captured in the North and sold down into the middle of the state and to the South,” Abinanti said, in many cases after witnessing the murder of their parents. Many escaped and ran home. But “the problem is they were adults,” she said, “and then they got into adult relationships and had children and had no idea how to parent. And had a lot of anger, frankly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11888079\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti.jpg\" alt=\"Profile shot of Judge Abby Abinanti standing outside\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1319\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti-800x550.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti-1020x701.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti-1536x1055.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Abby Abinanti is chief justice of the Yurok Tribe, whose ancestral lands stretch through Humboldt and Del Norte counties, near the Oregon border. In 1974 she became the first Native American woman admitted to the State Bar of California. Her court’s approach to substance abuse and domestic violence is restorative more than punitive, and emphasizes cultural values as a key to healing offenders and the communities they’ve harmed. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Yurok Tribe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From the mid-19th Century through the 1960s, more trauma: U.S. officials forced Native American children across the country to attend government-run boarding schools designed, as one historian explains, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.motherjones.com/media/2017/10/native-american-boarding-schools-shadows-of-sherman-institute/\">to destroy that which was Indian and re-create people in the image of White America\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People covered up the dance sites, hid the regalia, weren’t allowed to speak the language,” said Abinanti. And with cultural amnesia came pain and self-denial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Language is something that comes out of what people think and believe,” she said. “And so we learned another language that didn’t think and believe what we did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Love and violence\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>By the time Lydia turned 18 she’d been on her own for a while, walking four miles each way to a fast food job. But she cherished one cultural tradition: \u003ca href=\"https://earthjustice.org/features/klamath-salmon-yurok-tribe\">Salmon fishing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so I go down there,” she said. To the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see this beautiful girl step out of this truck,” Mark recalled. “And I thought, Oh man! There she is...I’m gonna marry that girl. But it was scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was an automatic connection,” said Lydia. “I wanted this picture-perfect life. I knew there was a life without abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11888134\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1289\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing-800x537.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing-1020x685.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing-1536x1031.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yurok citizen Tasheena Natt fishes for salmon in the Klamath River. Salmon fishing is central to the Yurok culture and economy, and is considered a deeply spiritual practice. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Yurok Tribe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Soon, they were like glue on glue. They moved in together and decided to have a baby. Lydia quit drinking, drugs, cigarettes. She gave birth to a girl, and a couple of years later, a boy. But Mark was still partying. The fights began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About five years in, it got physical. Mark slapped Lydia during an argument in the kitchen, giving her a fat lip. She ran to a neighbor’s apartment. And to her horror, that neighbor dialed 911. Lydia didn’t trust law enforcement. She said she’d learned that from her mom and grandmother. But the wheels were in motion. Police arrested Mark, and state prosecutors offered him a deal: If he attended a 52-week batterers intervention program, the charges would be dismissed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark said he “participated fully.” He learned to walk away from a fight, to take a time out. It was progress. But he’d realize later how much he still didn’t know – about himself and the roots of his violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I loved her and I loved my children, and I wanted to be better,” Mark said. “But I didn’t know how to get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Addiction in Indian Country\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After Mark completed his program, he said he “continued to work on myself and work on myself.” But, for four more years, he “was still using meth.” In the late '90s, he managed to quit. Then came the opioid explosion, “when the doctors were basically giving away, just as many as you want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a laborer with regular injuries, he had access to that open tap. They both did. Addiction followed, \u003ca href=\"https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma14-4866.pdf\">another symptom of historical trauma\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/systemwide/diverse-populations/americanindian/mentalhealth/\">often goes hand in hand with domestic violence\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11883520 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/634_original-1180x887.jpg']“I would grab her by her arm and I would shake her and I’d do these things and I knew better,” Mark said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They split up, on and off, for years. Then, in 2013, Mark quit the opioids. And they reunited, both of them clean and sober. Then, a few years later, a tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their adult daughter died in a single-vehicle accident. Mark and Lydia sank into depression and isolation. Complicating matters, Mark said, they’d been trying to persuade their daughter to leave an abusive partner, and she was resisting. That caused a rift in their relationship with her, so “we didn’t get to spend the last years with her. It started creating this hell, this guilt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a Sunday argument, Lydia scratched Mark’s nose while trying to knock a cigarette from his mouth. He called 911. This time, Lydia was arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It just so happened, the couple’s adult son had a court date the next day – on a domestic violence charge. Lydia had planned to be there to support him. Instead, she showed up as another defendant in a jail jumpsuit. Charged with domestic abuse, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just can’t imagine how he must have felt,” Lydia said of her son, “to see me walk in there the next morning, on the other side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A path to healing\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/monitor/2018/02/cover-healing-heritage\">growing consensus\u003c/a> in Indian Country across the nation that the most effective way to alleviate symptoms of historical trauma like domestic violence and substance abuse is to incorporate traditional cultural values and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/restorative-justice-in-indian-country\">forms of justice\u003c/a>. Thanks to a cultural renaissance, that is possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Abby Abinanti, chief justice of the Yurok Tribe\"]'If you look at the state and federal system, they're very rights-based. Our culture is very responsibility-based. And the responsibilities are interlocking in family and in community. So you have to assist people to meet their responsibility and come back into community in a good way.'[/pullquote]Beginning in the 1970s, a new generation returned home to mine the stories of elders, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2013-feb-06-la-me-yurok-language-20130207-story.html\">revive the language\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21060208-the-yurok-tribe-welcomes-you#document/p5/a2053772\">master the wisdom needed to bring back ceremonial dances\u003c/a>. Yurok Judge Abby Abinanti was among them, and decades later she would deepen her commitment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, she began to expand the Yurok tribal justice system, launching a dedicated court docket to help tribal members struggling with substance abuse. To help participants repair the harm they’ve caused, so they could heal. So the community could heal. She called it \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-yurok-tribal-judge-20140305-dto-htmlstory.html\">Wellness Court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the state and federal system, they're very rights-based,” Abinanti said. “Our culture is very responsibility-based. And the responsibilities are interlocking in family and in community. So you have to assist people to meet their responsibility and come back into community in a good way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State court judges started releasing Yurok defendants to Abinanti’s court – and seeing results. So in 2015, she decided it was time to reach more tribal members cycling through county jail. A laborious rolling cross-tally of two separate databases revealed which Yurok members were incarcerated and why. The most common offense: domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Walking the path\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many defendants, it turned out, were in county jail for violating probation. For not completing the state’s 52 week batterer’s intervention program – the same one Mark had attended. One barrier was financial. Even at the lowest end of the sliding scale, the state program cost $1,000. There were transportation and child care problems, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Abinanti’s team decided to create their own 52-week batterers’ program, one that drew on core cultural values, and get the state to certify it as an option for state court defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prevalence of domestic violence was startling yet unsurprising. Surveys and focus groups conducted a few years earlier by the \u003ca href=\"https://nctcc.org/\">Northern California Tribal Court Coalition\u003c/a> – a collective of tribal judges – revealed the scope of the crisis. Nearly half the women and a fifth of the men who \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtinnovation.org/sites/default/files/documents/NCTCC_Responses_D_V.pdf\">responded\u003c/a> said they’d been abused by a partner. Drugs and alcohol played a role about two-thirds of the time. Lack of trust in law enforcement and state court systems was common. So was a lack of awareness of services at the county level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And participants “generally believed that these services lacked a necessary cultural component to ensure they were appropriate for a Native American population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court coalition stepped up to help build the Yurok batterers program, funding the training for two facilitators. It launched in 2016, with state certification, the first of its kind in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The curriculum includes the basics: Take full responsibility for your actions and identify your triggers. Specific Yurok cultural practices aren’t on the agenda. Because, the only way to make the program pencil out was to open it to everyone – tribal members from throughout the region and non-tribal members, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888130\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11888130\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1315\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt-1020x699.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt-1536x1052.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yurok tribal member Lori Nesbitt was the founding facilitator of the Yurok Batterers Intervention Program, which takes a restorative approach to healing and emphasizes the roots of intergenerational trauma. It rolled out in 2016 and is certified by the state as one of the 52-week programs available to domestic violence offenders in Northern California. Here, Nesbitt presents details of the program at a 2019 conference in Washington D.C. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Yurok Tribe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, Lori Nesbitt, the founding facilitator, said the whole approach stems from Yurok-style justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who are they and who is their family,” she explained, “and how can we walk the path with them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total cost is $30, for a book. All participants make a family tree, and conduct an interview with a community elder outside their immediate family about that generation’s experiences with domestic abuse. Participants are pressed to identify not just the family members that led them astray, but the ones who taught them cultural practices and helped root them to a sense of self – whatever their culture. Most of all, Nesbitt said she acknowledges past pain as the deep generational roots of family violence come to light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you've gone through this program, you can kind of acknowledge that, ‘Yeah some things happened. And I've repaired those. I've forgiven myself,’ ” she said. “However they choose to find that forgiveness, to me, is their pathway to healing for the rest of their life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Self-forgiveness\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After Lydia’s arrest, state prosecutors offered her the same deal as Mark. Complete a 52-week batterers intervention program and her charge would disappear. She chose the Yurok one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of me being the victim all the time, I learned that I was also abuser,” she said. “I learned that I did that to my children. Because I had the choice to leave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turning point: understanding the context of her trauma and the chain of traumas that came before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I learned how to love myself,” she said. “I’m just now feeling like I don’t walk around in shame.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple separated after Lydia’s arrest. But while she worked her program, Mark went to counseling and to a Christian faith-based recovery program that, he said, flooded him with “realizations and epiphanies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I started learning about what PTSD was,” he said, \"and what it does to your body and the fear and how it paralyzes you...just understanding my life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have now reunited, and both say a big part of their healing is participating in their own tribal community, giving back. Each has an idea that they believe would help tribal members affected by domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lydia’s is for a safe house for women and children, \"but it would have to be way up in the mountains, gated, with security. It would be a home with programs for them to heal, and the children to heal too.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark’s idea is specifically for men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They go into an isolated place where they're taught their culture, where they're taught to fish, to dance, to sing, to give to your elders. And then I want them to come out as a dance crew to show that strength,” he said. “There's going to be so much power, to recover those men. I just feel that so deep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thehotline.org/\">National Domestic Violence Hotline\u003c/a> at 1-800-799-7233\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.strongheartshelpline.org/\">StrongHearts Native Helpline\u003c/a> at 1-844-7NATIVE)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://nctcc.org/\">Northern California Tribal Court Coalition\u003c/a> mobile app\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ccuih.org/red-women-rising-program/\">Red Women Rising\u003c/a>, for Native Americans living in urban areas\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was made possible by Yurok tribal member \u003ca href=\"https://www.pli.edu/faculty/laura--woods-30562\">Laura Woods\u003c/a>, and documentary filmmaker \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/219880229\">Luisa Conlon\u003c/a>. This story was produced by The California Report Magazine courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/policyadmin-jc.htm\">The Judicial Council of California\u003c/a>, which commissioned the \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/14851.htm\">original version\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Colonization forcibly severed Indigenous peoples from their lands, traditions and language in California, creating patterns of intergenerational trauma and abuse. One tribe is now working to heal perpetrators of domestic violence with a restorative approach that connects them to culture.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1631404575,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":67,"wordCount":3189},"headData":{"title":"'Where Did This Start?' In Yurok Domestic Violence Program, Understanding Generational Roots of Trauma Is Key | KQED","description":"Colonization forcibly severed Indigenous peoples from their lands, traditions and language in California, creating patterns of intergenerational trauma and abuse. One tribe is now working to heal perpetrators of domestic violence with a restorative approach that connects them to culture.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'Where Did This Start?' In Yurok Domestic Violence Program, Understanding Generational Roots of Trauma Is Key","datePublished":"2021-09-11T01:30:12.000Z","dateModified":"2021-09-11T23:56:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11888051 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11888051","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/09/10/where-did-this-start-in-yurok-domestic-violence-program-understanding-generational-roots-of-trauma-is-key/","disqusTitle":"'Where Did This Start?' In Yurok Domestic Violence Program, Understanding Generational Roots of Trauma Is Key","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC9346057492.mp3?updated=1631316734","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/leeromney?lang=en\">Lee Romney\u003c/a>","path":"/news/11888051/where-did-this-start-in-yurok-domestic-violence-program-understanding-generational-roots-of-trauma-is-key","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's Note: Due to the stigma of domestic violence in tribal communities, KQED is not using Mark and Lydia’s real names, or disclosing their location or tribal affiliation. This story contains depictions of violence and a description of racial slurs.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">A\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>s a kid, Mark often came home to a racket on the block. Then the truth would sink in. The hitting and screaming was coming from his house. His dad’s drinking made the beatings worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He busted my mom’s teeth out with a rifle,” said Mark, who grew up in rural Northern California near the Oregon border. “I remember seeing this. So my first memories are of domestic violence. I was born into domestic violence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark, now in his early fifties, found out later that his father had been abused, beaten as a child. His dad was repeating what he had learned. And after Mark fell in love and began a relationship with Lydia, it wasn’t long before he carried the behavior forward again, himself. “I’m a typical Native American man,” he said. “There’s a thousand of me all around the area right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lydia, who had also experienced intergenerational violence and abuse in her family, stayed in the relationship. In time, she’d wind up facing a domestic violence charge herself, just like Mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'I loved her and I loved my children, and I wanted to be better. But I didn’t know how to get there.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Mark","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A National Institute of Justice \u003ca href=\"https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/violence-against-american-indian-and-alaska-native-women-and-men\">study from 2016\u003c/a> found that nearly 85% of American Indians and Alaska Natives had experienced violence in their lifetime, compared to a little over two-thirds for non-Hispanic whites. The rates of physical violence at the hands of an intimate partner were also markedly higher for Indigenous respondents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the root is trauma that dates back generations, all the way to colonizers' invasions. Mental health experts have \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/cultural-competency/education/stress-and-trauma/indigenous-people\">defined that historical trauma\u003c/a> as “cumulative emotional and psychological wounding, over the lifespan and across generations, emanating from massive group trauma experiences.” In California, the forcible separation of Indigenous peoples from their lands, traditions and language are just some examples of the collective losses Native Americans have experienced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Mark and Lydia’s journey eventually brought healing – thanks in part to an approach to justice rooted in the region’s Indigenous cultural values, restorative more than punitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key, Lydia said: “Going back and really finding out, ‘Where did this start?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Cycles of abuse\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For Mark, the racial slurs began in elementary school. 'Wagon burner.' 'Dirty Indian.' He said he came home crying nearly every day. By now, his mom had left his dad and Mark had a step-father, who “taught me most of all the cultural things that I know,” he said. “He taught me how to fish. He taught me how to take care of my family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also signed Mark up for boxing lessons, so he could learn to fight his bullies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I started busting people's noses and giving them black eyes, and they quit teasing me. That power was intoxicating,” he said. “Like a drug. It was addicting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up, Lydia, also contended with trauma. Her dad had abused her mom, who left with Lydia when she was a baby to move in with her own mother. But Lydia’s grandma – who herself had been beaten and molested as a child, Lydia later learned – could be cruel, locking Lydia in a back room in the dark. Denying her food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mom was around, Lydia said, but had different priorities: “Drugs and alcohol and partying.” By age 15, Lydia was doing drugs, too, and couch surfing. She found a boyfriend – who beat her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just really wanted to be loved,” she said, “and of course when they tell you, ‘I love you,’ you really want to believe it, even if you know it’s not true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Historical trauma\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Abby Abinanti is chief justice of the Yurok Tribe, whose ancestral lands in California stretch from Humboldt to Del Norte County near the Oregon border. In 1974, she became the \u003ca href=\"https://trellis.law/judge/abby.abinanti\">first Native American woman admitted to the State Bar of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'People covered up the dance sites, hid the regalia, weren’t allowed to speak the language. Language is something that comes out of what people think and believe... And so we learned another language that didn’t think and believe what we did.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Abby Abinanti, chief justice of the Yurok Tribe","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Legends and parables make it clear that domestic violence was not tolerated in traditional Yurok culture, said Abinanti, 73. Rather, it’s a relatively recent symptom of the wound of colonization. Treating that symptom without addressing the cause gets you nowhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you have to do is look at the context and where it came from,” she said. And in Northern California, “it came from things \u003ca href=\"https://www.csus.edu/indiv/t/tumminia/memorial.htm\">like boarding school, massacres and the Indian Slave Act\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The official title of the latter was “\u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/IB.pdf\">The Act for the Government and Protection of Indians\u003c/a>.” Passed at California’s first Constitutional Convention in 1850, it allowed Indigenous children – and adults – to be indentured to white settlers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many were captured in the North and sold down into the middle of the state and to the South,” Abinanti said, in many cases after witnessing the murder of their parents. Many escaped and ran home. But “the problem is they were adults,” she said, “and then they got into adult relationships and had children and had no idea how to parent. And had a lot of anger, frankly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11888079\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti.jpg\" alt=\"Profile shot of Judge Abby Abinanti standing outside\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1319\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti-800x550.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti-1020x701.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti-1536x1055.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Abby Abinanti is chief justice of the Yurok Tribe, whose ancestral lands stretch through Humboldt and Del Norte counties, near the Oregon border. In 1974 she became the first Native American woman admitted to the State Bar of California. Her court’s approach to substance abuse and domestic violence is restorative more than punitive, and emphasizes cultural values as a key to healing offenders and the communities they’ve harmed. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Yurok Tribe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From the mid-19th Century through the 1960s, more trauma: U.S. officials forced Native American children across the country to attend government-run boarding schools designed, as one historian explains, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.motherjones.com/media/2017/10/native-american-boarding-schools-shadows-of-sherman-institute/\">to destroy that which was Indian and re-create people in the image of White America\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People covered up the dance sites, hid the regalia, weren’t allowed to speak the language,” said Abinanti. And with cultural amnesia came pain and self-denial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Language is something that comes out of what people think and believe,” she said. “And so we learned another language that didn’t think and believe what we did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Love and violence\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>By the time Lydia turned 18 she’d been on her own for a while, walking four miles each way to a fast food job. But she cherished one cultural tradition: \u003ca href=\"https://earthjustice.org/features/klamath-salmon-yurok-tribe\">Salmon fishing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so I go down there,” she said. To the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see this beautiful girl step out of this truck,” Mark recalled. “And I thought, Oh man! There she is...I’m gonna marry that girl. But it was scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was an automatic connection,” said Lydia. “I wanted this picture-perfect life. I knew there was a life without abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11888134\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1289\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing-800x537.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing-1020x685.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing-1536x1031.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yurok citizen Tasheena Natt fishes for salmon in the Klamath River. Salmon fishing is central to the Yurok culture and economy, and is considered a deeply spiritual practice. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Yurok Tribe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Soon, they were like glue on glue. They moved in together and decided to have a baby. Lydia quit drinking, drugs, cigarettes. She gave birth to a girl, and a couple of years later, a boy. But Mark was still partying. The fights began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About five years in, it got physical. Mark slapped Lydia during an argument in the kitchen, giving her a fat lip. She ran to a neighbor’s apartment. And to her horror, that neighbor dialed 911. Lydia didn’t trust law enforcement. She said she’d learned that from her mom and grandmother. But the wheels were in motion. Police arrested Mark, and state prosecutors offered him a deal: If he attended a 52-week batterers intervention program, the charges would be dismissed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark said he “participated fully.” He learned to walk away from a fight, to take a time out. It was progress. But he’d realize later how much he still didn’t know – about himself and the roots of his violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I loved her and I loved my children, and I wanted to be better,” Mark said. “But I didn’t know how to get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Addiction in Indian Country\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After Mark completed his program, he said he “continued to work on myself and work on myself.” But, for four more years, he “was still using meth.” In the late '90s, he managed to quit. Then came the opioid explosion, “when the doctors were basically giving away, just as many as you want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a laborer with regular injuries, he had access to that open tap. They both did. Addiction followed, \u003ca href=\"https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma14-4866.pdf\">another symptom of historical trauma\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/systemwide/diverse-populations/americanindian/mentalhealth/\">often goes hand in hand with domestic violence\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11883520","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/634_original-1180x887.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I would grab her by her arm and I would shake her and I’d do these things and I knew better,” Mark said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They split up, on and off, for years. Then, in 2013, Mark quit the opioids. And they reunited, both of them clean and sober. Then, a few years later, a tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their adult daughter died in a single-vehicle accident. Mark and Lydia sank into depression and isolation. Complicating matters, Mark said, they’d been trying to persuade their daughter to leave an abusive partner, and she was resisting. That caused a rift in their relationship with her, so “we didn’t get to spend the last years with her. It started creating this hell, this guilt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a Sunday argument, Lydia scratched Mark’s nose while trying to knock a cigarette from his mouth. He called 911. This time, Lydia was arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It just so happened, the couple’s adult son had a court date the next day – on a domestic violence charge. Lydia had planned to be there to support him. Instead, she showed up as another defendant in a jail jumpsuit. Charged with domestic abuse, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just can’t imagine how he must have felt,” Lydia said of her son, “to see me walk in there the next morning, on the other side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A path to healing\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/monitor/2018/02/cover-healing-heritage\">growing consensus\u003c/a> in Indian Country across the nation that the most effective way to alleviate symptoms of historical trauma like domestic violence and substance abuse is to incorporate traditional cultural values and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/restorative-justice-in-indian-country\">forms of justice\u003c/a>. Thanks to a cultural renaissance, that is possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'If you look at the state and federal system, they're very rights-based. Our culture is very responsibility-based. And the responsibilities are interlocking in family and in community. So you have to assist people to meet their responsibility and come back into community in a good way.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Abby Abinanti, chief justice of the Yurok Tribe","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Beginning in the 1970s, a new generation returned home to mine the stories of elders, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2013-feb-06-la-me-yurok-language-20130207-story.html\">revive the language\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21060208-the-yurok-tribe-welcomes-you#document/p5/a2053772\">master the wisdom needed to bring back ceremonial dances\u003c/a>. Yurok Judge Abby Abinanti was among them, and decades later she would deepen her commitment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, she began to expand the Yurok tribal justice system, launching a dedicated court docket to help tribal members struggling with substance abuse. To help participants repair the harm they’ve caused, so they could heal. So the community could heal. She called it \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-yurok-tribal-judge-20140305-dto-htmlstory.html\">Wellness Court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the state and federal system, they're very rights-based,” Abinanti said. “Our culture is very responsibility-based. And the responsibilities are interlocking in family and in community. So you have to assist people to meet their responsibility and come back into community in a good way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State court judges started releasing Yurok defendants to Abinanti’s court – and seeing results. So in 2015, she decided it was time to reach more tribal members cycling through county jail. A laborious rolling cross-tally of two separate databases revealed which Yurok members were incarcerated and why. The most common offense: domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Walking the path\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many defendants, it turned out, were in county jail for violating probation. For not completing the state’s 52 week batterer’s intervention program – the same one Mark had attended. One barrier was financial. Even at the lowest end of the sliding scale, the state program cost $1,000. There were transportation and child care problems, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Abinanti’s team decided to create their own 52-week batterers’ program, one that drew on core cultural values, and get the state to certify it as an option for state court defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prevalence of domestic violence was startling yet unsurprising. Surveys and focus groups conducted a few years earlier by the \u003ca href=\"https://nctcc.org/\">Northern California Tribal Court Coalition\u003c/a> – a collective of tribal judges – revealed the scope of the crisis. Nearly half the women and a fifth of the men who \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtinnovation.org/sites/default/files/documents/NCTCC_Responses_D_V.pdf\">responded\u003c/a> said they’d been abused by a partner. Drugs and alcohol played a role about two-thirds of the time. Lack of trust in law enforcement and state court systems was common. So was a lack of awareness of services at the county level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And participants “generally believed that these services lacked a necessary cultural component to ensure they were appropriate for a Native American population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court coalition stepped up to help build the Yurok batterers program, funding the training for two facilitators. It launched in 2016, with state certification, the first of its kind in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The curriculum includes the basics: Take full responsibility for your actions and identify your triggers. Specific Yurok cultural practices aren’t on the agenda. Because, the only way to make the program pencil out was to open it to everyone – tribal members from throughout the region and non-tribal members, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888130\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11888130\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1315\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt-1020x699.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt-1536x1052.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yurok tribal member Lori Nesbitt was the founding facilitator of the Yurok Batterers Intervention Program, which takes a restorative approach to healing and emphasizes the roots of intergenerational trauma. It rolled out in 2016 and is certified by the state as one of the 52-week programs available to domestic violence offenders in Northern California. Here, Nesbitt presents details of the program at a 2019 conference in Washington D.C. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Yurok Tribe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, Lori Nesbitt, the founding facilitator, said the whole approach stems from Yurok-style justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who are they and who is their family,” she explained, “and how can we walk the path with them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total cost is $30, for a book. All participants make a family tree, and conduct an interview with a community elder outside their immediate family about that generation’s experiences with domestic abuse. Participants are pressed to identify not just the family members that led them astray, but the ones who taught them cultural practices and helped root them to a sense of self – whatever their culture. Most of all, Nesbitt said she acknowledges past pain as the deep generational roots of family violence come to light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you've gone through this program, you can kind of acknowledge that, ‘Yeah some things happened. And I've repaired those. I've forgiven myself,’ ” she said. “However they choose to find that forgiveness, to me, is their pathway to healing for the rest of their life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Self-forgiveness\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After Lydia’s arrest, state prosecutors offered her the same deal as Mark. Complete a 52-week batterers intervention program and her charge would disappear. She chose the Yurok one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of me being the victim all the time, I learned that I was also abuser,” she said. “I learned that I did that to my children. Because I had the choice to leave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turning point: understanding the context of her trauma and the chain of traumas that came before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I learned how to love myself,” she said. “I’m just now feeling like I don’t walk around in shame.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple separated after Lydia’s arrest. But while she worked her program, Mark went to counseling and to a Christian faith-based recovery program that, he said, flooded him with “realizations and epiphanies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I started learning about what PTSD was,” he said, \"and what it does to your body and the fear and how it paralyzes you...just understanding my life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have now reunited, and both say a big part of their healing is participating in their own tribal community, giving back. Each has an idea that they believe would help tribal members affected by domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lydia’s is for a safe house for women and children, \"but it would have to be way up in the mountains, gated, with security. It would be a home with programs for them to heal, and the children to heal too.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark’s idea is specifically for men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They go into an isolated place where they're taught their culture, where they're taught to fish, to dance, to sing, to give to your elders. And then I want them to come out as a dance crew to show that strength,” he said. “There's going to be so much power, to recover those men. I just feel that so deep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thehotline.org/\">National Domestic Violence Hotline\u003c/a> at 1-800-799-7233\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.strongheartshelpline.org/\">StrongHearts Native Helpline\u003c/a> at 1-844-7NATIVE)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://nctcc.org/\">Northern California Tribal Court Coalition\u003c/a> mobile app\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ccuih.org/red-women-rising-program/\">Red Women Rising\u003c/a>, for Native Americans living in urban areas\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was made possible by Yurok tribal member \u003ca href=\"https://www.pli.edu/faculty/laura--woods-30562\">Laura Woods\u003c/a>, and documentary filmmaker \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/219880229\">Luisa Conlon\u003c/a>. This story was produced by The California Report Magazine courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/policyadmin-jc.htm\">The Judicial Council of California\u003c/a>, which commissioned the \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/14851.htm\">original version\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11888051/where-did-this-start-in-yurok-domestic-violence-program-understanding-generational-roots-of-trauma-is-key","authors":["byline_news_11888051"],"programs":["news_26731"],"categories":["news_457","news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_17759","news_6801","news_1261","news_1262","news_19976"],"featImg":"news_11888063","label":"news_26731"},"news_11878442":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11878442","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11878442","score":null,"sort":[1624057152000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"our-culture-is-being-taken-away-from-us-the-karuk-tribe-pushes-to-restore-native-burn-management-to-protect-forests","title":"'Our Culture Is Being Taken Away From Us': The Karuk Tribe Pushes to Restore Native Burn Management to Protect Forests","publishDate":1624057152,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report Magazine | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">For thousands of years before contact with Europeans, the Karuk people, like many others, tended their land with fire. The Karuk tribe is one of the largest in California, spanning parts of Humboldt and Siskiyou counties along the Klamath River. When the federal government took over managing the forest, it stripped the Karuk people of their relationship with fire, and that has had profound effects. These days, the forest is overgrown, and thick with dry brush. Last fall, the massive Slater Fire decimated cultural sites and homes. KQED Science reporter Danielle Venton looks at the relationship between the Karuk and cultural burning, and their negotiations with the state of California to get that control back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">You can find more of Danielle's reporting on the Karuk \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973196/the-karuk-used-fire-to-manage-the-forest-for-centuries-now-they-want-to-do-that-again\">here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1624057152,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":146},"headData":{"title":"'Our Culture Is Being Taken Away From Us': The Karuk Tribe Pushes to Restore Native Burn Management to Protect Forests | KQED","description":"Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast. For thousands of years before contact with Europeans, the Karuk people, like many others, tended their land with fire. The Karuk tribe is one of the largest in California, spanning parts of Humboldt and Siskiyou counties along the Klamath River. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'Our Culture Is Being Taken Away From Us': The Karuk Tribe Pushes to Restore Native Burn Management to Protect Forests","datePublished":"2021-06-18T22:59:12.000Z","dateModified":"2021-06-18T22:59:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11878442 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11878442","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/06/18/our-culture-is-being-taken-away-from-us-the-karuk-tribe-pushes-to-restore-native-burn-management-to-protect-forests/","disqusTitle":"'Our Culture Is Being Taken Away From Us': The Karuk Tribe Pushes to Restore Native Burn Management to Protect Forests","source":"The California Report Magazine ","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/ ","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC4984529176.mp3","path":"/news/11878442/our-culture-is-being-taken-away-from-us-the-karuk-tribe-pushes-to-restore-native-burn-management-to-protect-forests","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">For thousands of years before contact with Europeans, the Karuk people, like many others, tended their land with fire. The Karuk tribe is one of the largest in California, spanning parts of Humboldt and Siskiyou counties along the Klamath River. When the federal government took over managing the forest, it stripped the Karuk people of their relationship with fire, and that has had profound effects. These days, the forest is overgrown, and thick with dry brush. Last fall, the massive Slater Fire decimated cultural sites and homes. KQED Science reporter Danielle Venton looks at the relationship between the Karuk and cultural burning, and their negotiations with the state of California to get that control back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">You can find more of Danielle's reporting on the Karuk \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973196/the-karuk-used-fire-to-manage-the-forest-for-centuries-now-they-want-to-do-that-again\">here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11878442/our-culture-is-being-taken-away-from-us-the-karuk-tribe-pushes-to-restore-native-burn-management-to-protect-forests","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_72","news_26731"],"categories":["news_21291"],"tags":["news_21959","news_27966","news_19978","news_1261"],"featImg":"news_11878450","label":"source_news_11878442"},"news_11877591":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11877591","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11877591","score":null,"sort":[1623405612000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"lake-county-project-homekey-scotts-valley-tribe-pomo","title":"One Native American Tribe in Lake County is Creating Housing for Homeless Members","publishDate":1623405612,"format":"audio","headTitle":"One Native American Tribe in Lake County is Creating Housing for Homeless Members | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians doesn’t have its own reservation. Like many Native communities, many members also struggle with poverty and homelessness.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But recently, using funds from California’s ‘Project Homekey,’ the tribe bought an apartment building in Lake County to house members most in need. And leaders are also hoping it’ll be the start of a new community hub for the tribe.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://twitter.com/solomonout\">Molly Solomon\u003c/a>, KQED housing affordability reporter\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Episode transcript \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3vdkiZq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. Subscribe to our newsletter \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfeiQTfCnzwvOkxyTf8kUNPHsaoishgMkbMpQ25W5UpHOn9bw/viewform\">\u003ci>here\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5208407921\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Follow \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/the-bay\">\u003ci>The Bay\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> to hear more local Bay Area stories like this one. New episodes are released Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 3 a.m. Find The Bay on \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452?mt=2\">\u003ci>Apple Podcasts\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ\">\u003ci>Spotify\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay\">\u003ci>Stitcher\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, NPR One or via \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/KQED-The-Bay-Flash-Briefing/dp/B07H6YYV23\">\u003ci>Alexa\u003c/i>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003carticle class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-components-Post-components-PostMinisite-___PostMinisite__mpost\">\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-components-Post-components-PostEmailSignup-___PostEmailSignup__postEmailSignup\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"components-EmailSignup-components-SignupNew-___SignupNew__signup wp-block-signup-new wp-block components-EmailSignup-components-SignupNew-___SignupNew__signup__precontained\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv class=\"components-EmailSignup-components-SignupNew-___SignupNew__signup_Content\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"components-EmailSignup-components-SignupNew-___SignupNew__signup_Header\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700692848,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":132},"headData":{"title":"One Native American Tribe in Lake County is Creating Housing for Homeless Members | KQED","description":"The Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians doesn’t have its own reservation. Like many Native communities, many members also struggle with poverty and homelessness. But recently, using funds from California’s ‘Project Homekey,’ the tribe bought an apartment building in Lake County to house members most in need. And leaders are also hoping it’ll be the","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"One Native American Tribe in Lake County is Creating Housing for Homeless Members","datePublished":"2021-06-11T10:00:12.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-22T22:40:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"The Bay","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/thebay","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC5208407921.mp3?updated=1623375558","path":"/news/11877591/lake-county-project-homekey-scotts-valley-tribe-pomo","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians doesn’t have its own reservation. Like many Native communities, many members also struggle with poverty and homelessness.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But recently, using funds from California’s ‘Project Homekey,’ the tribe bought an apartment building in Lake County to house members most in need. And leaders are also hoping it’ll be the start of a new community hub for the tribe.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://twitter.com/solomonout\">Molly Solomon\u003c/a>, KQED housing affordability reporter\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Episode transcript \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3vdkiZq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>. Subscribe to our newsletter \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfeiQTfCnzwvOkxyTf8kUNPHsaoishgMkbMpQ25W5UpHOn9bw/viewform\">\u003ci>here\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5208407921\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Follow \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/the-bay\">\u003ci>The Bay\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> to hear more local Bay Area stories like this one. New episodes are released Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 3 a.m. Find The Bay on \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452?mt=2\">\u003ci>Apple Podcasts\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ\">\u003ci>Spotify\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay\">\u003ci>Stitcher\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, NPR One or via \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/KQED-The-Bay-Flash-Briefing/dp/B07H6YYV23\">\u003ci>Alexa\u003c/i>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003carticle class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-components-Post-components-PostMinisite-___PostMinisite__mpost\">\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-components-Post-components-PostEmailSignup-___PostEmailSignup__postEmailSignup\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"components-EmailSignup-components-SignupNew-___SignupNew__signup wp-block-signup-new wp-block components-EmailSignup-components-SignupNew-___SignupNew__signup__precontained\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv class=\"components-EmailSignup-components-SignupNew-___SignupNew__signup_Content\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"components-EmailSignup-components-SignupNew-___SignupNew__signup_Header\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11877591/lake-county-project-homekey-scotts-valley-tribe-pomo","authors":["7240","11651","8654","11649"],"programs":["news_28779"],"categories":["news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_3921","news_1261","news_22598"],"featImg":"news_11877596","label":"source_news_11877591"},"news_11874585":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11874585","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11874585","score":null,"sort":[1622233410000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"we-always-have-our-ancestors-within-us-scenes-from-bloody-islands-sunrise-ceremony","title":"'We Always Have Our Ancestors Within Us': Scenes From Bloody Island's Sunrise Ceremony","publishDate":1622233410,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>[dropcap]O[/dropcap]ne-hundred seventy-one years ago, the small island of Bonopoti in Lake County was still a haven for the people who had lived here for centuries: the Pomo. It was where many people gathered to fish, and to collect plants and medicine — at a time when the Gold Rush and colonial policies were already rapidly transforming Indigenous people's way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 15, 1850, a U.S Army regiment arrived on the island and killed every Pomo man, woman and child they could find there. From then on, Bonopoti became known as Bloody Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayton Duncan's great-grandmother Lucy Moore was just a child when she survived the Bloody Island Massacre by hiding below the surface of the water, breathing through a hollowed-out reed. And for two decades, along with his brother Douglas, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11818362/marking-a-california-massacre-with-a-native-ceremony-of-forgiveness\">Duncan has organized a Sunrise Ceremony of Forgiveness every May\u003c/a> at Bloody Island. \u003cem>(Listen to Duncan tell the story \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11818362/marking-a-california-massacre-with-a-native-ceremony-of-forgiveness\">on The California Report Magazine\u003c/a>)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11818362 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43182_IMG_0012-qut-1020x765.jpg']It's a space where people from different Indigenous tribes gather to honor those ancestors claimed in the massacre — and to look to the future. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now in his 70s, year after year Duncan remains an integral figure at this ceremony, and a passionate advocate for the gathering’s ethos of remembrance with forgiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the 2021 ceremony on May 15, Duncan told the assembled people that \"no matter how much anger, no matter how much hatred is out there that's going to face you, you have to do it this way: this love way. This respectful way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875207\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875207\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49315_031_LakeCounty_ProjectHomekey_05142021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49315_031_LakeCounty_ProjectHomekey_05142021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49315_031_LakeCounty_ProjectHomekey_05142021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49315_031_LakeCounty_ProjectHomekey_05142021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49315_031_LakeCounty_ProjectHomekey_05142021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49315_031_LakeCounty_ProjectHomekey_05142021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clayton Duncan speaks during a tribal youth event in Upper Lake, California, on May 14, 2021, where he tells the crowd the history of the Bloody Island Massacre. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We can learn no matter how old we get. We can change no matter how old we get,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'We Always Have Our Ancestors Within Us'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There’s no way to confirm how many Pomo people were killed that day at the massacre. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Army estimates from the time put the death toll at around 200 people. Contemporary Indigenous leaders estimate closer to 400 people lived on the island – and very few survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875061\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875061\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49144_007_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49144_007_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49144_007_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49144_007_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49144_007_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49144_007_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Robert Bell, Vietnam War veteran and a Cahto tribe member, stands in a circle during the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The 2021 Sunrise Ceremony saw the participants first gather in the dancing arbor where they had danced the night before, saying a blessing for the land and putting down tobacco in a fire before circling out of the dancing ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those gathered then walked down the dirt road across Highway 20, and down the path named Reclamation Road that leads to where the massacre occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875065\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875065\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49169_033_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49169_033_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49169_033_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49169_033_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49169_033_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49169_033_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lupe Luna moves through the circle smudging attendees from head to foot during the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. 'Usually every time we come together and we smudge and we burn some sage, it's a cleansing. So it's to get rid of all of that negative energy, whatever you're carrying that you brought in,' she said. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It's a beautiful feeling,” said attendee Lupe Luna. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going out there and hearing everybody's story, with the mic and saying a prayer, singing songs, burning some sage, releasing the negative feeling,\" Luna said. \"And having hope and faith that something will happen for the greater good for our people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eileen Boughton attended the ceremony for the first time this year after recently learning that her own grandfather had been present at the massacre — and survived. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm 64 and I never knew that,\" she said. \"If he didn't survive, we wouldn't be here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875080\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875080\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49217_086_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49217_086_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49217_086_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49217_086_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49217_086_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49217_086_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eileen Boughton on the grounds of the dance arbor near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Boughton said she tells her younger family members, now that she knows the story. \"I am so grateful, and we always have our ancestors within us. They're in our blood. They're everywhere we go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boughton’s drive to spread the word about her family’s history, and her community’s past, is in contrast to how she recalls her own childhood questions about her heritage being met with “anger and the frustration” from her elders. Frustration directed not at her, but at the injustice of the treatment the Pomo have received over the years, and stemming from the personal trauma suffered by those same family members, who had felt their Indigenous identities being deliberately erased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875067\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875067\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49180_044_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49180_044_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49180_044_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49180_044_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49180_044_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49180_044_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eileen Boughton (left) and Lupe Luna raise their fists during a song at the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Being at the ceremony, said Boughton, was “just beautiful. It was stunning. It was spectacular.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Bloody Island, joy at the beauty of the gathering and the sense of community intermingles with the pain of this historic atrocity — and also the trauma inherent in remembrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875060\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875060\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49138_001_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49138_001_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49138_001_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49138_001_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49138_001_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49138_001_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group walks from a dance arbor located on tribal lands near Upper Lake, singing the ghost dance song on May 15, 2021, down Reclamation Road to the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pomo Elder Thomas Leon Brown took the microphone at the Sunrise Ceremony to speak of the emotional weight incurred by his repeated retellings of the Bloody Island Massacre in the region’s schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never realized in all my years as an elder how much that each time you tell that story, how much it hurts — what happened to our people,” said Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875063\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875063\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49162_025_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49162_025_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49162_025_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49162_025_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49162_025_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49162_025_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thomas Leon Brown speaks during the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony on May 15, 2021 near Upper Lake. Brown teaches the history of Bloody Island at Lake County schools. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have what we call now historical trauma, intergenerational trauma among our children, and among a lot of our families,” Brown said. “But we have to keep on praying. Do these healing songs. Bring our people together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Remembering, Renaming\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Another way the Bloody Island Massacre carries its impact into the present day is in the current push to rename the nearby town, which bears the name of the man whose cruelty set the massacre in motion: Kelseyville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875081\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49219_089_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11875081\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49219_089_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49219_089_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49219_089_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49219_089_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49219_089_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view from above Clear Lake on May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Army's supposed justification for the slaughter: the fact that members of the Pomo had previously killed two notoriously brutal white ranchers who had systematically enslaved, abused and starved the local people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Kelsey, for whom Kelseyville was named in 1882, was one of those white ranchers – and his cruelty toward the local Indigenous people was legendary. Along with a man named Charles Stone, Kelsey forced Pomo to work as laborers on their ranch. Native people were often starved and beaten, sometimes even strung up from trees as a form of torture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875071\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875071\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49193_058_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49193_058_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49193_058_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49193_058_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49193_058_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49193_058_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Douglas Duncan touches the earth near the site of the Bloody Island Massacre during a Sunrise Ceremony near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It all came to a head after Kelsey lashed a young Pomo boy 100 times, then shot him, allegedly for flirting with a Pomo woman Kelsey was holding on his property. Enraged at this culmination of longstanding violence and oppression, Pomo men killed Kelsey and Stone soon after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the local volunteer group \u003ca href=\"http://citizensforhealing.org/\">Citizens for Healing\u003c/a> wants to see the town's name changed. They say the “unwarranted and disrespectful” naming is an insult to the tribal community and also “shames local pioneer descendants and current residents.” Kelsey’s killing, the group said, was a “justifiable execution” in the light of his brutal violence toward local people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875073\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875073\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49195_060_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49195_060_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49195_060_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49195_060_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49195_060_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49195_060_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spirit Olevia and her son Anaiah listen to speakers during the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. Spirit is a singer, often dedicating her work to her ancestors.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Citizens for Healing member Kevin Engle attended the 2021 Sunrise Ceremony and said he was initially unfamiliar with the story of the Bloody Island Massacre — but that his research revealed the true extent of the island’s horrific past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more I got into it, the more I found,” he said. “It's amazing how much of a historical record there is, and what a documented trail these guys left behind.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875066\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875066\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49178_042_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49178_042_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49178_042_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49178_042_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49178_042_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49178_042_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yolanda Cota (left) and her niece Elizabeth Ku-Oi Six speak during the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These pushes to honor the area’s Indigenous history are also echoed in the conversations around how the Bloody Island Massacre itself should be memorialized — not just on the landscape, but in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Douglas Duncan — brother to Clayton Duncan, with whom he works to bring the Sunrise Ceremony to life each year — notes that the plaque on the island incorrectly terms those events as a “battle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wasn't a battle,” he said. “It was a massacre.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This plaque remains spattered in red paint, to signify the blood spilled at this site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875075\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875075\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49203_069_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49203_069_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49203_069_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49203_069_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49203_069_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49203_069_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A plaque on a rock outcropping on the site of the Bloody Island Massacre near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. The plaque was installed by the Native Sons of the Golden West and downplays the murders that took place. It is covered with red paint to signify the blood spilled there. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If the state truly wants to share an accurate history with its people, said Douglas Duncan, this particular memorial plaque should be changed to echo the language that’s on the California Historical Landmark plaque that stands on the highway nearby — the one that accurately recognizes the deaths as a military massacre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875072\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875072\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49194_059_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49194_059_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49194_059_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49194_059_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49194_059_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49194_059_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Douglas Duncan sings at the end of the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But beyond plaques, for Douglas Duncan, truly honoring this painful history might look more like providing spaces for the community to commune and thrive: healing centers that focus on supporting body and soul, and a museum celebrating Indigenous traditions — “so that younger ones can learn,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Lupe Luna, her vision of wider healing is in large part dependent on not just raising awareness of the painful histories that came before, but finding community in that awareness. To have people “have that humble heart and come together as one, as unity ... as strong people and bring healing within ourselves, and within Mother Earth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875068\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875068\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49181_046_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49181_046_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49181_046_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49181_046_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49181_046_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49181_046_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eileen Boughton (left) and Lupe Luna hug after singing during the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The goal, said Luna, is “that we have hope — that our future generations don't have to go through this type of trauma.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of this moment in time, Clayton Duncan said, “I feel in my heart it's time for change. And I think Lake County is going to be the center of letting this out: the feeling, this forgiveness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875076\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875076\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49208_074_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49208_074_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49208_074_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49208_074_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49208_074_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49208_074_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The site of the Bloody Island Massacre near Upper Lake, California, on May 15, 2021.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED's Sasha Khokha and Suzie Racho.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In May of 1850, the U.S. Army massacred hundreds of Pomo people in Lake County. Every year, their descendants — and many others — gather here at sunrise to honor this history.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1622245203,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":41,"wordCount":1937},"headData":{"title":"'We Always Have Our Ancestors Within Us': Scenes From Bloody Island's Sunrise Ceremony | KQED","description":"In May, 1850, the Army massacred hundreds of Pomo people in Lake County. Every year, their descendants – and many others – gather here at sunrise to honor this history.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'We Always Have Our Ancestors Within Us': Scenes From Bloody Island's Sunrise Ceremony","datePublished":"2021-05-28T20:23:30.000Z","dateModified":"2021-05-28T23:40:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11874585 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11874585","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/05/28/we-always-have-our-ancestors-within-us-scenes-from-bloody-islands-sunrise-ceremony/","disqusTitle":"'We Always Have Our Ancestors Within Us': Scenes From Bloody Island's Sunrise Ceremony","path":"/news/11874585/we-always-have-our-ancestors-within-us-scenes-from-bloody-islands-sunrise-ceremony","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">O\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ne-hundred seventy-one years ago, the small island of Bonopoti in Lake County was still a haven for the people who had lived here for centuries: the Pomo. It was where many people gathered to fish, and to collect plants and medicine — at a time when the Gold Rush and colonial policies were already rapidly transforming Indigenous people's way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 15, 1850, a U.S Army regiment arrived on the island and killed every Pomo man, woman and child they could find there. From then on, Bonopoti became known as Bloody Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayton Duncan's great-grandmother Lucy Moore was just a child when she survived the Bloody Island Massacre by hiding below the surface of the water, breathing through a hollowed-out reed. And for two decades, along with his brother Douglas, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11818362/marking-a-california-massacre-with-a-native-ceremony-of-forgiveness\">Duncan has organized a Sunrise Ceremony of Forgiveness every May\u003c/a> at Bloody Island. \u003cem>(Listen to Duncan tell the story \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11818362/marking-a-california-massacre-with-a-native-ceremony-of-forgiveness\">on The California Report Magazine\u003c/a>)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11818362","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43182_IMG_0012-qut-1020x765.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>It's a space where people from different Indigenous tribes gather to honor those ancestors claimed in the massacre — and to look to the future. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now in his 70s, year after year Duncan remains an integral figure at this ceremony, and a passionate advocate for the gathering’s ethos of remembrance with forgiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the 2021 ceremony on May 15, Duncan told the assembled people that \"no matter how much anger, no matter how much hatred is out there that's going to face you, you have to do it this way: this love way. This respectful way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875207\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875207\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49315_031_LakeCounty_ProjectHomekey_05142021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49315_031_LakeCounty_ProjectHomekey_05142021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49315_031_LakeCounty_ProjectHomekey_05142021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49315_031_LakeCounty_ProjectHomekey_05142021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49315_031_LakeCounty_ProjectHomekey_05142021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49315_031_LakeCounty_ProjectHomekey_05142021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clayton Duncan speaks during a tribal youth event in Upper Lake, California, on May 14, 2021, where he tells the crowd the history of the Bloody Island Massacre. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We can learn no matter how old we get. We can change no matter how old we get,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'We Always Have Our Ancestors Within Us'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There’s no way to confirm how many Pomo people were killed that day at the massacre. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Army estimates from the time put the death toll at around 200 people. Contemporary Indigenous leaders estimate closer to 400 people lived on the island – and very few survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875061\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875061\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49144_007_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49144_007_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49144_007_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49144_007_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49144_007_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49144_007_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Robert Bell, Vietnam War veteran and a Cahto tribe member, stands in a circle during the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The 2021 Sunrise Ceremony saw the participants first gather in the dancing arbor where they had danced the night before, saying a blessing for the land and putting down tobacco in a fire before circling out of the dancing ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those gathered then walked down the dirt road across Highway 20, and down the path named Reclamation Road that leads to where the massacre occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875065\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875065\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49169_033_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49169_033_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49169_033_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49169_033_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49169_033_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49169_033_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lupe Luna moves through the circle smudging attendees from head to foot during the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. 'Usually every time we come together and we smudge and we burn some sage, it's a cleansing. So it's to get rid of all of that negative energy, whatever you're carrying that you brought in,' she said. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It's a beautiful feeling,” said attendee Lupe Luna. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going out there and hearing everybody's story, with the mic and saying a prayer, singing songs, burning some sage, releasing the negative feeling,\" Luna said. \"And having hope and faith that something will happen for the greater good for our people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eileen Boughton attended the ceremony for the first time this year after recently learning that her own grandfather had been present at the massacre — and survived. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm 64 and I never knew that,\" she said. \"If he didn't survive, we wouldn't be here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875080\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875080\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49217_086_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49217_086_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49217_086_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49217_086_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49217_086_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49217_086_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eileen Boughton on the grounds of the dance arbor near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Boughton said she tells her younger family members, now that she knows the story. \"I am so grateful, and we always have our ancestors within us. They're in our blood. They're everywhere we go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boughton’s drive to spread the word about her family’s history, and her community’s past, is in contrast to how she recalls her own childhood questions about her heritage being met with “anger and the frustration” from her elders. Frustration directed not at her, but at the injustice of the treatment the Pomo have received over the years, and stemming from the personal trauma suffered by those same family members, who had felt their Indigenous identities being deliberately erased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875067\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875067\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49180_044_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49180_044_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49180_044_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49180_044_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49180_044_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49180_044_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eileen Boughton (left) and Lupe Luna raise their fists during a song at the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Being at the ceremony, said Boughton, was “just beautiful. It was stunning. It was spectacular.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Bloody Island, joy at the beauty of the gathering and the sense of community intermingles with the pain of this historic atrocity — and also the trauma inherent in remembrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875060\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875060\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49138_001_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49138_001_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49138_001_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49138_001_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49138_001_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49138_001_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group walks from a dance arbor located on tribal lands near Upper Lake, singing the ghost dance song on May 15, 2021, down Reclamation Road to the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pomo Elder Thomas Leon Brown took the microphone at the Sunrise Ceremony to speak of the emotional weight incurred by his repeated retellings of the Bloody Island Massacre in the region’s schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never realized in all my years as an elder how much that each time you tell that story, how much it hurts — what happened to our people,” said Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875063\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875063\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49162_025_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49162_025_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49162_025_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49162_025_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49162_025_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49162_025_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thomas Leon Brown speaks during the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony on May 15, 2021 near Upper Lake. Brown teaches the history of Bloody Island at Lake County schools. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have what we call now historical trauma, intergenerational trauma among our children, and among a lot of our families,” Brown said. “But we have to keep on praying. Do these healing songs. Bring our people together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Remembering, Renaming\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Another way the Bloody Island Massacre carries its impact into the present day is in the current push to rename the nearby town, which bears the name of the man whose cruelty set the massacre in motion: Kelseyville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875081\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49219_089_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11875081\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49219_089_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49219_089_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49219_089_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49219_089_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49219_089_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view from above Clear Lake on May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Army's supposed justification for the slaughter: the fact that members of the Pomo had previously killed two notoriously brutal white ranchers who had systematically enslaved, abused and starved the local people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Kelsey, for whom Kelseyville was named in 1882, was one of those white ranchers – and his cruelty toward the local Indigenous people was legendary. Along with a man named Charles Stone, Kelsey forced Pomo to work as laborers on their ranch. Native people were often starved and beaten, sometimes even strung up from trees as a form of torture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875071\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875071\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49193_058_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49193_058_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49193_058_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49193_058_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49193_058_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49193_058_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Douglas Duncan touches the earth near the site of the Bloody Island Massacre during a Sunrise Ceremony near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It all came to a head after Kelsey lashed a young Pomo boy 100 times, then shot him, allegedly for flirting with a Pomo woman Kelsey was holding on his property. Enraged at this culmination of longstanding violence and oppression, Pomo men killed Kelsey and Stone soon after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the local volunteer group \u003ca href=\"http://citizensforhealing.org/\">Citizens for Healing\u003c/a> wants to see the town's name changed. They say the “unwarranted and disrespectful” naming is an insult to the tribal community and also “shames local pioneer descendants and current residents.” Kelsey’s killing, the group said, was a “justifiable execution” in the light of his brutal violence toward local people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875073\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875073\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49195_060_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49195_060_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49195_060_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49195_060_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49195_060_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49195_060_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spirit Olevia and her son Anaiah listen to speakers during the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. Spirit is a singer, often dedicating her work to her ancestors.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Citizens for Healing member Kevin Engle attended the 2021 Sunrise Ceremony and said he was initially unfamiliar with the story of the Bloody Island Massacre — but that his research revealed the true extent of the island’s horrific past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more I got into it, the more I found,” he said. “It's amazing how much of a historical record there is, and what a documented trail these guys left behind.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875066\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875066\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49178_042_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49178_042_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49178_042_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49178_042_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49178_042_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49178_042_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yolanda Cota (left) and her niece Elizabeth Ku-Oi Six speak during the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These pushes to honor the area’s Indigenous history are also echoed in the conversations around how the Bloody Island Massacre itself should be memorialized — not just on the landscape, but in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Douglas Duncan — brother to Clayton Duncan, with whom he works to bring the Sunrise Ceremony to life each year — notes that the plaque on the island incorrectly terms those events as a “battle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wasn't a battle,” he said. “It was a massacre.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This plaque remains spattered in red paint, to signify the blood spilled at this site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875075\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875075\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49203_069_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49203_069_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49203_069_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49203_069_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49203_069_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49203_069_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A plaque on a rock outcropping on the site of the Bloody Island Massacre near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. The plaque was installed by the Native Sons of the Golden West and downplays the murders that took place. It is covered with red paint to signify the blood spilled there. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If the state truly wants to share an accurate history with its people, said Douglas Duncan, this particular memorial plaque should be changed to echo the language that’s on the California Historical Landmark plaque that stands on the highway nearby — the one that accurately recognizes the deaths as a military massacre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875072\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875072\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49194_059_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49194_059_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49194_059_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49194_059_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49194_059_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49194_059_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Douglas Duncan sings at the end of the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But beyond plaques, for Douglas Duncan, truly honoring this painful history might look more like providing spaces for the community to commune and thrive: healing centers that focus on supporting body and soul, and a museum celebrating Indigenous traditions — “so that younger ones can learn,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Lupe Luna, her vision of wider healing is in large part dependent on not just raising awareness of the painful histories that came before, but finding community in that awareness. To have people “have that humble heart and come together as one, as unity ... as strong people and bring healing within ourselves, and within Mother Earth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875068\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875068\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49181_046_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49181_046_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49181_046_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49181_046_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49181_046_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49181_046_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eileen Boughton (left) and Lupe Luna hug after singing during the Bloody Island Sunrise Ceremony near Upper Lake on May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The goal, said Luna, is “that we have hope — that our future generations don't have to go through this type of trauma.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of this moment in time, Clayton Duncan said, “I feel in my heart it's time for change. And I think Lake County is going to be the center of letting this out: the feeling, this forgiveness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11875076\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11875076\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49208_074_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49208_074_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49208_074_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49208_074_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49208_074_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49208_074_UpperLake_BloodyIslandSunriseCeremony_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The site of the Bloody Island Massacre near Upper Lake, California, on May 15, 2021.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED's Sasha Khokha and Suzie Racho.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11874585/we-always-have-our-ancestors-within-us-scenes-from-bloody-islands-sunrise-ceremony","authors":["3243","11667"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_27951","news_18538","news_20397","news_27966","news_18411","news_1261","news_1262","news_29519"],"featImg":"news_11875892","label":"news"},"news_11841688":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11841688","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11841688","score":null,"sort":[1602514850000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-push-to-ditch-columbus-day-for-indigenous-peoples-day-began-in-berkeley","title":"The Push to Ditch Columbus Day for Indigenous Peoples Day Began in Berkeley","publishDate":1602514850,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Indigenous Peoples Day, the holiday that celebrates Native American cultures and peoples, celebrates its 28th anniversary on Monday, Oct. 12, 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the celebration will take place not in person, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipdpowwow.org/\">virtually on Zoom\u003c/a> as a COVID-19 safety measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indigenous Peoples Day is also a holiday that began as a Bay Area protest of Columbus Day. Here's how it all unfolded.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Challenging Columbus\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the 1980s, then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan created the Christopher Columbus Quincentenary Jubilee Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its job was to come up with a grand celebration to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the arrival of Columbus in the Americas. The plan was for replicas of Columbus’ three ships to sail along the East Coast and then over to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were going to go into the Panama Canal, and sail into the San Francisco Bay as part of this national hoopla,” said John Curl, Berkeley resident and one of the organizers of the first Indigenous Peoples Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Native_NewsNet/status/1183550447015092225\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curl said this idea of having the Bay Area as the centerpiece of Columbus Day celebrations did not sit well with him and a lot of native people. So they formed a group to protest the jubilee. They called themselves Resistance 500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bay Area is a pretty progressive place and we did not want to be the center of a national celebration of imperialism and colonialism and genocide,” Curl said. “We tried to turn it into something different, something positive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/berkeleyside/status/1176668726197796864\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's exactly what they did. In 1992, just weeks before the 500th anniversary of Columbus’ arrival, Curl and other native leaders convinced Berkeley's City Council to get rid of Columbus Day and instead celebrate Indigenous Peoples Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11780279,news_11638976,news_11826151]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'Profoundly Disrespectful'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When the group asked the city to change Columbus Day to Indigenous Peoples Day in 1992, then-Mayor Loni Hancock said it was the first time she understood the negative impact of this holiday on Indigenous people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had to think about what is this holiday about and who discovered America, and how really profoundly disrespectful it was to say that a European explorer who never actually set foot on the continent did that,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcrw.com/news/shows/morning-edition/npr-story/769083847\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hancock told NPR's Morning Edition in 2019\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That narrative, she said, is \"discounting the Indigenous people who had lived here for centuries with very sophisticated cultures and pretty much in harmony with the earth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/csmlibrarian/status/1183822292050173952\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Certainly the hundreds and thousands of Italian immigrants who came over in steerage class on the boats at the turn of the 19th century endured a lot of hardships to get here,\" she added. \"But the discovery of America is something where you want to get your history right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 12, 1992, Berkeley became the first city in the U.S. to officially celebrate the holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Lasting Legacy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Now, 28 years later, several other cities have followed suit, including Seattle, Austin, Los Angeles and most recently Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All we did was plant the seeds for this, and we’ve just tended to it for over 20 years,” Curl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11621765\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1152px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11621765\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1152\" height=\"892\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut.jpg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut-160x124.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut-800x619.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut-1020x790.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut-960x743.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut-240x186.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut-375x290.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut-520x403.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1152px) 100vw, 1152px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Festivities at Berkeley's Indigenous Peoples Day Pow Wow include traditional dancing. \u003ccite>(Christopher Burquez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And if you’re wondering what happened to the grand Columbus Day celebration that was planned to end in San Francisco Bay?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That ship never sailed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this post first published on Oct. 9, 2017\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"More cities are celebrating Indigenous Peoples Day instead of Columbus Day. The City of Berkeley was first.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1602523114,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":595},"headData":{"title":"The Push to Ditch Columbus Day for Indigenous Peoples Day Began in Berkeley | KQED","description":"More cities are celebrating Indigenous Peoples Day instead of Columbus Day. The City of Berkeley was first.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"The Push to Ditch Columbus Day for Indigenous Peoples Day Began in Berkeley","datePublished":"2020-10-12T15:00:50.000Z","dateModified":"2020-10-12T17:18:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11841688 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11841688","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/10/12/the-push-to-ditch-columbus-day-for-indigenous-peoples-day-began-in-berkeley/","disqusTitle":"The Push to Ditch Columbus Day for Indigenous Peoples Day Began in Berkeley","path":"/news/11841688/the-push-to-ditch-columbus-day-for-indigenous-peoples-day-began-in-berkeley","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Indigenous Peoples Day, the holiday that celebrates Native American cultures and peoples, celebrates its 28th anniversary on Monday, Oct. 12, 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the celebration will take place not in person, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipdpowwow.org/\">virtually on Zoom\u003c/a> as a COVID-19 safety measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indigenous Peoples Day is also a holiday that began as a Bay Area protest of Columbus Day. Here's how it all unfolded.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Challenging Columbus\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the 1980s, then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan created the Christopher Columbus Quincentenary Jubilee Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its job was to come up with a grand celebration to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the arrival of Columbus in the Americas. The plan was for replicas of Columbus’ three ships to sail along the East Coast and then over to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were going to go into the Panama Canal, and sail into the San Francisco Bay as part of this national hoopla,” said John Curl, Berkeley resident and one of the organizers of the first Indigenous Peoples Day.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1183550447015092225"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Curl said this idea of having the Bay Area as the centerpiece of Columbus Day celebrations did not sit well with him and a lot of native people. So they formed a group to protest the jubilee. They called themselves Resistance 500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bay Area is a pretty progressive place and we did not want to be the center of a national celebration of imperialism and colonialism and genocide,” Curl said. “We tried to turn it into something different, something positive.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1176668726197796864"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>That's exactly what they did. In 1992, just weeks before the 500th anniversary of Columbus’ arrival, Curl and other native leaders convinced Berkeley's City Council to get rid of Columbus Day and instead celebrate Indigenous Peoples Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11780279,news_11638976,news_11826151","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'Profoundly Disrespectful'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When the group asked the city to change Columbus Day to Indigenous Peoples Day in 1992, then-Mayor Loni Hancock said it was the first time she understood the negative impact of this holiday on Indigenous people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had to think about what is this holiday about and who discovered America, and how really profoundly disrespectful it was to say that a European explorer who never actually set foot on the continent did that,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcrw.com/news/shows/morning-edition/npr-story/769083847\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hancock told NPR's Morning Edition in 2019\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That narrative, she said, is \"discounting the Indigenous people who had lived here for centuries with very sophisticated cultures and pretty much in harmony with the earth.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1183822292050173952"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\"Certainly the hundreds and thousands of Italian immigrants who came over in steerage class on the boats at the turn of the 19th century endured a lot of hardships to get here,\" she added. \"But the discovery of America is something where you want to get your history right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 12, 1992, Berkeley became the first city in the U.S. to officially celebrate the holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Lasting Legacy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Now, 28 years later, several other cities have followed suit, including Seattle, Austin, Los Angeles and most recently Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All we did was plant the seeds for this, and we’ve just tended to it for over 20 years,” Curl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11621765\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1152px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11621765\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1152\" height=\"892\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut.jpg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut-160x124.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut-800x619.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut-1020x790.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut-960x743.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut-240x186.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut-375x290.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27211_IDP-2-qut-520x403.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1152px) 100vw, 1152px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Festivities at Berkeley's Indigenous Peoples Day Pow Wow include traditional dancing. \u003ccite>(Christopher Burquez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And if you’re wondering what happened to the grand Columbus Day celebration that was planned to end in San Francisco Bay?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That ship never sailed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this post first published on Oct. 9, 2017\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11841688/the-push-to-ditch-columbus-day-for-indigenous-peoples-day-began-in-berkeley","authors":["3251"],"categories":["news_223","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_129","news_28134","news_27966","news_28648","news_1261","news_1262"],"featImg":"news_11841919","label":"news"},"news_11826151":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11826151","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11826151","score":null,"sort":[1594159269000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-do-we-heal-toppling-the-myth-of-junipero-serra","title":"'How Do We Heal?' Toppling the Myth of Junípero Serra","publishDate":1594159269,"format":"image","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skip to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#serra\">Who was Junípero Serra, and what did he do? \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#serra\"> \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#removal\">How statues get officially removed – and what you can do personally\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]O[/dropcap]n June 19, people around the Bay Area \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11825274/updates-bay-area-honors-juneteenth-on-the-streets\">took to the streets to mark Juneteenth\u003c/a>: the date in 1865 when the last enslaved people in Texas learned they were free, more than two years after slavery officially ended in the United States. The rallies followed weeks of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/protests\">intense protest\u003c/a> across the country over the killings of George Floyd and other Black people by police, and over systemic racism in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That evening, protesters \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/FitzTheReporter/status/1274374501925453824\">pulled down a bronze statue\u003c/a> that had stood 30 feet high over San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park for more than a century, spattering it with red paint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827294\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827294\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-toppled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-toppled.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-toppled-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-toppled-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-toppled-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-toppled-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A statue of Junípero Serra toppled from its plinth in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park by protesters on June 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The 1907 monument was a tribute to Father Junípero Serra: the 18th century Franciscan priest who presided over the colonizing Spanish mission system in California that resulted in the decimation of the Indigenous population, and who was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10682571/pope-francis-courts-controversy-over-junipero-serra-sainthood\">made a saint\u003c/a> by Pope Francis in 2015. Monuments to Ulysses S. Grant and Francis Scott Key, who both enslaved Black people, were also pulled down in the park that night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Juneteenth topplings followed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11825103/san-francisco-removes-controversial-christopher-columbus-statue-on-telegraph-hill\">removal\u003c/a> of a Christopher Columbus statue in San Francisco’s North Beach neighborhood by city workers ahead of plans by protesters to topple it themselves, and the removal of a Sacramento \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824573/statue-of-john-sutter-pioneer-who-enslaved-native-americans-removed-in-sacramento\">monument to John Sutter\u003c/a> — a 19th century colonizer who enslaved Native Americans at his mill. The day after the Golden Gate Park statues fell, Indigenous activists in downtown Los Angeles watched as a 1932 park monument to Serra \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2020-06-20/statue-junipero-serra-monument-protest-activists-take-down-los-angeles\">was ripped off its pedestal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827292\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827292\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/serra-graffiti.jpg\" alt=\"Graffiti at the former site of a statue of Junípero Serra reads 'Stolen land, stolen people.'\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/serra-graffiti.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/serra-graffiti-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/serra-graffiti-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/serra-graffiti-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/serra-graffiti-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graffiti at the former site of a statue of Junípero Serra reads 'Stolen land, stolen people.' \u003ccite>(Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And this past July 4, another statue of Serra was \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article244012732.html\">torn down in Sacramento’s Capitol Park\u003c/a> by protesters following a day of peaceful marches by demonstrators aligned with the Black Lives Matter movement. The same day, Indigenous activists \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-07-04/indigenous-groups-black-lives-matters-join-forces-to-mark-historical-sins-on-july-4th\">joined forces with Black Lives Matter organizers\u003c/a> for a march in Los Angeles, calling for unity and decrying the historical 'sins' of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Black Lives Matter and the Fight Against Serra Monuments\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like the timing of the July 4 marches, the Juneteenth timing of the Golden Gate Park Serra statue toppling was highly symbolic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's emotional for sure,\" says Morning Star Gali about how it feels to see statues come down. A member of the Ajumawi band of the Pit River Tribe — and the project director of the organization Restoring Justice for Indigenous Peoples — Gali has been involved in campaigns for the removal of several statues in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She campaigned against the Sacramento monument to Sutter, and was there to watch it fall. She was present too at the contentious \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13859733/sf-had-right-to-remove-early-days-statue-deemed-racist-judge-says\">removal of the Early Days\u003c/a> statue in San Francisco in 2018, which she and others had worked to remove from public view on account of its portrayal of Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827286\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827286\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/early-days.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1758\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/early-days.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/early-days-800x740.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/early-days-1020x944.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/early-days-160x148.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/early-days-1536x1421.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">'Early Days,' part of the Pioneer Monument in San Francisco's Civic Center, was removed in 2018. \u003ccite>(Sam Lefebvre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>America's current movement toward social justice, and the deep reckoning with U.S. history that it demands, is \"absolutely intersectional,” says Gali.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is absolutely a mutual understanding of Black and brown and Indigenous liberation that we understand, and we've done a lot of work in the past year to get to the point where we're at.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her fellow Indigenous activists are active partners with the Anti Police-Terror Project — work that’s seen them hold memorials and vigils to honor Black victims of police brutality. In Sacramento, Gali’s efforts to \u003ca href=\"https://www.antipoliceterrorproject.org/sac-events/2020/6/17/community-conversations-to-de-serra-sacramento\">\"de-Serra\" the city\u003c/a> were purposefully held in partnership with the Anti Police-Terror Project, to “really show the solidarity that we have with one another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These statues are, Gali emphasizes, “monuments to racism. These are monuments to genocide. And it's time for them to come down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827564\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827564\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Gali-Brooke.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Gali-Brooke.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Gali-Brooke-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Gali-Brooke-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Gali-Brooke-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Gali-Brooke-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morning Star Gali, with her youngest daughters. \u003ccite>(Brooke Anderson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Author and academic Greg Sarris is the chairman of the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, and lecturer at Sonoma State University's Native American Studies program. In support of \"everyone who is suffering the legacy of racism and injustice,\" Sarris says that he and his tribe fully stand behind the Black Lives Matter movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let us not forget that the Indians on this continent were the first to find out what European insensitivity would do to us,\" he says. \"And do to others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As statues of colonizers are brought down around California — mirroring actions against Confederate monuments further east — Serra remains a particular focus. And for years, he's been a reviled figure among many Indigenous people for his leadership over a system that resulted in the incalculable loss of Native lives, and forever altered the Indigenous way of life in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to Serra, this is a fight that has been sustained by Indigenous activists for decades. And far from being a matter that relates mainly to California's history, it says everything about our state's present — and future.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"serra\">\u003c/a>Who Was Junípero Serra?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Born in Spain, Junípero Serra first traveled to the Americas in 1749 while in his thirties, to work as a Catholic missionary in Mexico. In 1768, he traveled north to California, and founded a string of missions stretching from San Diego to San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10406942\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10406942\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/juniperoserra-e1421339520709.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1440\" height=\"1036\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Father Junípero Serra in a portrait by Father Jose Mosqueda. \u003ccite>(Huntington Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If members of a nearby Indigenous tribe were baptized, they were then brought into a mission where they were ordered to abandon many aspects of their culture and customs, and forced into labor — and prevented from leaving. Anyone who tried to escape the mission was subject to being hunted down and brought back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Native people in Serra’s missions were subjected to physical punishments like whippings and beating, which Serra himself justified in 1780, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/serra.htm\">writing\u003c/a> \"that spiritual fathers should punish their sons, the Indians, with blows appears to be as old as the conquest of [the Americas]; so general in fact that the saints do not seem to be any exception to the rule.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827259\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827259\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1579\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Map.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Map-800x665.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Map-1020x848.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Map-160x133.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Map-1536x1276.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of North America dated 1789, showing California when it was part of Spanish-controlled \"New Spain.\" \u003ccite>(Dobson's Encyclopædia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thousands of Indigenous people in the missions died from exposure to European diseases and from the brutal labor they were forced to perform. It was the discovery of the missions’ birth and death rolls — and the revelation that more Native people died under Serra’s system than were born — that sparked a more widespread re-evaluation of his legacy in the 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hard physical labor performed by Indigenous people in Serra’s missions was, for years, characterized in history books as 'work.' The word for it used today by many, including the descendants of those people, is 'slavery.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here we were enslaved in the missions, and whipped and beaten,\" says Greg Sarris. \"Up to 90% of the population [was] decimated, from which we never really recovered.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The missions “were concentration camps,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.montereyherald.com/2015/04/01/easter-sunday-protest-over-serra-planned-at-carmel-mission/\">said Corine Fairbanks\u003c/a> of the American Indian Movement Southern California in 2015, ahead of a protest at Serra’s canonization at the Carmel mission. “They were places of death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Centuries of spiritual and cultural heritage were erased by the Spanish conversion system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Serra did not just bring us Christianity,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/22/us/to-some-indians-in-california-father-serra-is-far-from-a-saint.html\">said academic Deborah Miranda\u003c/a>, a member of the Ohlone Costanoan Esselen Nation and author of “Bad Indians”, in 2015. “He imposed it, giving us no choice in the matter. He did incalculable damage to a whole culture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Serra the Saint\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 2015, Pope Francis announced his \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10682571/pope-francis-courts-controversy-over-junipero-serra-sainthood\">decision to make Junípero Serra a saint\u003c/a>. The news was met with outrage in California, with protests taking place in San Francisco’s Mission Dolores, Mission Carmel and Mission San Juan Bautista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11748397\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11748397\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37187_GettyImages-489795578-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Pope Francis pauses in front of a sculpture of Spanish-born Junipero Serra, the Franciscan Friar known for starting missions in California, in Statuary Hall at the U.S. Capitol on September 24, 2015 in Washington, DC.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37187_GettyImages-489795578-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37187_GettyImages-489795578-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37187_GettyImages-489795578-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37187_GettyImages-489795578-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37187_GettyImages-489795578-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pope Francis pauses in front of a sculpture of Junípero Serra in Statuary Hall at the U.S. Capitol on September 24, 2015 in Washington, DC. He canonized Serra on this visit. \u003ccite>(Michael Reynolds-Pool/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An Indigenous-authored \u003ca href=\"https://sign.moveon.org/petitions/urge-pope-francis-to?mailing_id=28356&r_by=504037&source=s.icn.em.cr\">petition\u003c/a> urging the pope to reconsider the canonization received over 11,000 signatures, stating that “it is imperative he is enlightened to understand that Father Serra was responsible for the deception, exploitation, oppression, enslavement and genocide of thousands of Indigenous Californians, ultimately resulting in the largest ethnic cleansing in North America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week after the canonization, a statue of Serra in Monterey was decapitated. Two years later in Santa Barbara, another Serra monument at the city's mission was also decapitated and covered with red paint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This wasn't the first time the Church had attempted to elevate Serra’s holy stature. Almost three decades earlier, in 1988, Francis' predecessor Pope John Paul II had actually kicked off the sanctification process by beatifying Serra. That announcement too was greeted with horror by Indigenous voices, but even back then, it represented only the latest articulation of of anti-Serra protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827261\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827261\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS43838_001_KQED_280_JuniperoSerraStatue_06302020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A statue of Junípero Serra at a rest stop along Interstate 280 near Hillsborough.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS43838_001_KQED_280_JuniperoSerraStatue_06302020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS43838_001_KQED_280_JuniperoSerraStatue_06302020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS43838_001_KQED_280_JuniperoSerraStatue_06302020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS43838_001_KQED_280_JuniperoSerraStatue_06302020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS43838_001_KQED_280_JuniperoSerraStatue_06302020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A statue of Junípero Serra at a rest stop along Interstate 280 near Hillsborough. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some saw the canonization as a Catholic matter for Catholic people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4LLtN2fjLA\">a 1989 episode of the TV talk show \"Firing Line,\"\u003c/a> host William F. Buckley Jr. suggests to guest Edward Castillo – a Cahuilla-Luiseño professor of Native American studies at Sonoma State University and a Serra critic who participated in the 1969 occupation of Alcatraz Island — that as as a non-Christian, “it’s none of your business who the church canonizes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, L.A. Native activist Norma Flores – who worked with the Kizh Nation/Gabrieleño Band of Mission Indians to author the anti-canonization petition — disagreed. “Junípero Serra is being canonized for being an evangelist of the Native peoples in California,” she said. \"Why do we not have an active say in this?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Replaces Serra?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Amid a national reckoning with U.S. history, how California deals with Serra is fundamental — not just to the state’s view of its past, but also to how it imagines its future, and the stories it wishes to tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827271\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827271\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/san-bautista.jpg\" alt=\"A statue of Father Junípero Serra at Old Mission San Juan Bautista in San Juan Bautista, San Benito County, California.\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/san-bautista.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/san-bautista-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/san-bautista-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/san-bautista-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/san-bautista-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A statue of Father Junípero Serra at Old Mission San Juan Bautista in San Juan Bautista, San Benito County, California. \u003ccite>(The Jon B. Lovelace Collection of California Photographs in Carol M. Highsmith's America Project, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Most people that are crying about these statues being removed cannot name the local tribe of where they live,” says Gali. “The fact that they can't name that San Francisco is Ramaytush Ohlone territory just goes to show the lack of education, really.” She attributes this lack of understanding to an active “suppression of information about the local tribes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if a statue comes down, or a place is renamed, what \u003cem>is\u003c/em> the way forward? Should a statue of Serra be replaced by a figure from local Indigenous history?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not that simple, says April McGill, director of community partnerships and projects at the California Consortium for Urban Indian Health, and the executive director of the American Indian Cultural Center in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An American Indian of Yuki, Wappo, Little Lake Pomo and Wailaki descent, McGill stresses that statues of colonizers like Serra coming down is the start, \u003cem>not\u003c/em> the solution. Especially when a city doesn’t work to involve Indigenous people in that removal process, and in what comes next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827672\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11827672 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/April.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/April.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/April-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/April-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/April-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/April-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">April McGill, an American Indian of Yuki, Wappo, Little Lake Pomo and Wailaki descent. \u003ccite>(April McGill)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the city of San Francisco removed its Christopher Columbus statue, for example, McGill saw a lack of “Native presence there to follow a protocol” for marking the event. “There’s always somebody speaking \u003cem>for\u003c/em> our people,” she notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to the ‘what next’ after a statue comes down, McGill cautions against thinking only in terms of \u003cem>replacing\u003c/em> the monuments. After all, statues commemorating individuals are “a white thing,” she says, referencing recent words by \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://slack-redir.net/link?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Fbayarea%2Farticle%2FIn-reckoning-with-oppression-don-t-rush-to-15372699.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/In-reckoning-with-oppression-don-t-rush-to-15372699.php\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\" aria-describedby=\"sk-tooltip-32618\">Jonathan Cordero, chairperson of the Ramaytush Ohlone\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to recompense and restitution for the damage done to a region’s Native peoples down the centuries, McGill says a city can begin to truly do right by its Native peoples by recognizing them as living communities with needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I honestly say: give them a space,\" she says. \"Give them a park. Create a dance arena. Give them back\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704679/there-were-once-more-than-425-shellmounds-in-the-bay-area-where-did-they-go\"> their shellmounds\u003c/a> ... a place to continue to hold their ceremonies, and grow their indigenous food.” And federal land like San Francisco’s Presidio, McGill says, should be given to “the original stewards of that land,” the Ohlone people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cem>That’s\u003c/em> how you honor them — not via a statue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, McGill says, it’s about answering the question, 'How do we heal?'\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Serra in Schools\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you grew up in California in the last few decades, you could be forgiven for being confused about why statues in Junípero Serra's honor are being pulled down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11619652\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11619652\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject.jpg\" alt=\"The new History-Social Science framework suggests replacing the Mission-building project with assignments that provide more context to the Spanish missions.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject-160x128.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject-800x640.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject-1020x816.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject-1180x944.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject-960x768.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject-240x192.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject-375x300.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject-520x416.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new history-social science framework suggests replacing the mission-building project with assignments that provide more context to the Spanish missions. \u003ccite>(DAVID LOFINK/FLICKR CREATIVE COMMONS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Generations of California-educated people chiefly remember their fourth-grade \"build a model mission\" projects — and a conspicuous lack of criticism around Serra and his actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/hbluv2surf/status/1276257873987637248?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of her own fourth grade mission education, Morning Star Gali says she knew \"even back then that it was bogus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, when her now 12-year-old son's fourth grade teacher announced plans for a class visit to a Spanish mission, Gali says she flatly objected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I said, absolutely not. That's not happening. I will take my son to the nearby state park, to the nearby roundhouse where he can learn about our California Indian teaching that way. But he will not be doing any 'mission field trip.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/sarahmirk/status/1276225222681563136\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/hs/cf/hssframework.asp\">current guidelines\u003c/a> for fourth grade education on the missions were adopted in 2016-2017. After learning about what life was like for Native peoples in California “before other settlers arrived,” the framework asks teachers to move onto the “colonizing” of California from 1769.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public school guidelines emphasize how Indigenous peoples were “initially attracted” to the missions, “impressed by the pageantry, material wealth, and abundant food of the Catholic Church,” but that as colonization increasingly disrupted existing food sources and village life, Native peoples began to be drawn into the missions out of survival — and once baptized, missionaries and military forces “conspired to forcibly keep” them there, and pressed them into “forced labor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/thyanhvo/status/1276229718744813568\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state framework for teachers attributes the “extremely high” death rate among the Indigenous populations during the mission period to not only disease, but “the hardships of forced labor and separation from traditional ways of life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, it encourages educators to “sensitize” their students to “the various ways in which Indians exhibited agency in the mission system.” They say it's in the pursuit of “a more comprehensive view of the era.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greg Sarris says he's hopeful about the possibility that Indigenous voices have enough influence to make change when it comes to furthering knowledge of Native American history — albeit \"sadly,\" he says, \"only because of the money generated from our casinos that let us use that power.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827675\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11827675 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Greg-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Greg-cropped.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Greg-cropped-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Greg-cropped-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Greg-cropped-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Greg-cropped-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Greg Sarris, chairman of the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria \u003ccite>(Greg Sarris)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, of which Sarris is chairman, own the land on which the Graton Resort & Casino in Rohnert Park resides. Sarris says he's working with the National Museum of the American Indian at the Smithsonian, where he's on the Board of Trustees, and Gov. Newsom to privately finance a new template for California public schools to better teach children about their state's Indigenous history.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Who Gets to Define Serra for California?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Critics of statue-toppling in California have characterized ongoing protests as a passing moment, or somehow opportunistic of the current anti-racism uprising in the nation's streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After releasing \u003ca href=\"https://sfarchdiocese.org/letters-and-statements\">statements in June on the killing of George Floyd\u003c/a> by Minneapolis police, which called for readers \"to join together in prayer for an end to racism in all its pernicious manifestations,\" the Archdiocese of San Francisco released \u003ca href=\"https://sfarchdiocese.org/letters-and-statements\">a statement on the “destruction” of Golden Gate Park Serra statue\u003c/a>. It was subtitled “Healing of Memories and Historical Accuracy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10682581\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10682581\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16659_FullSizeRender-7-Copy-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A statue of Father Junípero Serra outside the San Gabriel Mission.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16659_FullSizeRender-7-Copy-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16659_FullSizeRender-7-Copy-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16659_FullSizeRender-7-Copy-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16659_FullSizeRender-7-Copy-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16659_FullSizeRender-7-Copy-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16659_FullSizeRender-7-Copy-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A statue of Father Junípero Serra outside the San Gabriel Mission. \u003ccite>(George Lavender/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Its author, Archbishop Salvatore Cordileone, called the removal \"the latest example\" of how \"a renewed national movement to heal memories and correct the injustices of racism and police brutality in our country has been hijacked by some into a movement of violence, looting and vandalism.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The memorialization of historic figures,\" he stated, \"merits an honest and fair discussion as to how and to whom such honor should be given.\" Instead, it characterized the statue toppling as \"mob rule\" — enacted against the memory of a man who \"made heroic sacrifices to protect the indigenous people of California from their Spanish conquerors\" and offered them \"the best thing he had: the knowledge and love of Jesus Christ.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 27, Archbishop Cordileone and other Catholics joined at the site of the topped Serra statue in Golden Gate Park to \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/06/30/san-francisco-archbishop-exorcism-golden-gate-park-junipero-serra-statue-toppled/\">perform an exorcism\u003c/a>, saying that “evil has made itself present here\" owing to the monument being \"blasphemously torn down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The New York-based Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights reacted to the Golden Gate Park incident with even more vehemence, with president Bill Donohue commenting that \"Smashing statues of American icons is all the rage among urban barbarians. Ignorant of history, they are destroying statues of those who were among the most enlightened persons of their time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serra, Donohue says, \"fought hard for the rights of Indians, and was rightfully canonized by Pope Francis in 2015.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comparing the Catholic Church's view of the missions with the perspectives of Indigenous activists can make it seem like there are two Serras; two completely different versions of the Californian timeline. Yet as Dara Lind writes in her\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2015/9/24/9391995/junipero-serra-saint-pope-francis\"> 2015 Vox explainer\u003c/a> on Pope Francis's decision to sanctify, Serra \"was canonized because what he did during his life was good \u003cem>according to Catholic teaching\u003c/em>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827264\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827264\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-GG-park.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-GG-park.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-GG-park-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-GG-park-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-GG-park-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-GG-park-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The statue of Junípero Serra in Golden Gate Park, before it was torn down on June 18, 2020 \u003ccite>(Burkhard Mücke)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Morning Star Gali says she's tired of the 'historical vandalism’ narrative in much of the mainstream commentary she sees around statue removals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are treating it like, 'oh, this is such an awful thing; this is erasure of history.' No, it's erasure of the lies that are perpetuated to support white supremacy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gali's own message regarding \"the healing of memories and historical accuracy?\" — “Tear down these monuments to genocide, tear down white supremacy: One statue at a time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>When Serra Became a Myth\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>To understand why Junípero Serra looms so large in the California consciousness, from the statues around us to the things we (still) teach our schoolchildren, it helps to know that his status as a California legend appears to have been no accident. It was rather an integral part of how California wished to see itself — and be seen — during the Gold Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serra's reputation as a kind of California founding father was intentionally built at the end of the 19th century, in what \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/09/junipero-serra-pope-francis-colonialism/406306/\">Atlantic writer Emma Green calls\u003c/a> “basically a marketing effort as settlers came to Southern California in the 1880s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827266\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827266\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Monterey.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Monterey.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Monterey-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Monterey-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Monterey-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Monterey-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An 1877 painting by Léon Trousset: 'Father Serra Celebrates Mass at Monterey.' \u003ccite>(Public Domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/09/junipero-serra-pope-francis-colonialism/406306/\">According to historian Bob Senkewicz\u003c/a>, author and professor at Santa Clara University, this drive to justify white westward expansion at a time when the state’s prosperity depended on it resulted in the creation of “a mission mythology of dedicated, selfless missionaries and happy, contented Indians. And this mythology created a notion of California before the U.S. as a kind of bucolic arcadia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native people have \"always been the tabula rasa on which Californians can write their fantasies,\" says Greg Sarris. \"One of which is Junípero Serra. And we've been so decimated that we haven't had the power or a loud enough or big enough voice to say, no, you cannot write our story.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legacy of that 19th century “marketing effort” lingers not only in the Serra statues and countless Serra place names across California — and in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11621122/el-camino-not-so-real-the-true-story-of-the-ancient-road\">the mythology of the \"Camino Real\"\u003c/a> — but on a national stage. In 1985, the U.S. Postal Service commemorated Serra with his own postage stamp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827267\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827267\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/slo-MISSION.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/slo-MISSION.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/slo-MISSION-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/slo-MISSION-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/slo-MISSION-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/slo-MISSION-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, a Spanish mission founded in 1772 by Serra in the present-day city of San Luis Obispo. \u003ccite>(The Jon B. Lovelace Collection of California Photographs in Carol M. Highsmith's America Project, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the U.S. Capitol collection of state statues, several states are represented by 21st-century statues of Indigenous people, such as New Mexico (Pueblo leader Po'pay) and Wyoming (Chief Washakie of the Shoshone) — but a bronze figure of Serra has represented California since 1931.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alongside it, the state of Virginia is still represented by a 1909 statue of Confederate general Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Serra as Symbol\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Why has Serra in particular — and the monuments erected in his honor — become \u003cem>such\u003c/em> a flashpoint in this moment, as anti-racism campaigners take their fight to the streets?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Sarris, Serra represents a way of thinking about Indigenous culture — as something not to be understood and preserved, but colonized and assimilated — that has traumatic repercussions today. \"Here was a man who represented a culture that felt entitled to dominate another culture,” he says. “The cultural insensitivity that resulted in violence and the death of 90% of the California Indian population is something to be understood, and not cherished.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared with the drive against Confederate statues on the East Coast, Sarris just doesn’t see \"enough interest or understanding of the violence against California Indians for the larger California general public to say, take down Junípero Serra.\" At least, not yet. And for him, that lack of urgency from non-Native people around Serra's legacy stems from fundamental misunderstandings about California's Native history and culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11824391\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11824391\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43652_GettyImages-1219619841-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43652_GettyImages-1219619841-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43652_GettyImages-1219619841-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43652_GettyImages-1219619841-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43652_GettyImages-1219619841-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rainbow is projected over the statue of Confederate General Robert Lee on June 12, 2020 in Richmond, Virginia. Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam ordered the removal of the General Lee statue as soon as possible but legal proceedings have temporarily halted those plans. \u003ccite>(Eze Amos/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Morning Star Gali, the still-standing Serra statues represent a visual emblem of the wider issue at hand: California's systemic inaction towards its Native peoples. She notes that June marks one year since Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/19/us/newsom-native-american-apology.html\">delivered an apology\u003c/a> \"for the many instances of violence, mistreatment and neglect inflicted upon California Native Americans throughout the state’s history.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Gali notes, “an apology is nothing without action” — especially where it concerns vital decisions being made for Indigenous people without their input.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently, she says, where is that action regarding the coronavirus relief funds provided by the CARES Act? Funds were dispersed only to Native tribes that are federally recognized, to the exclusion of tribes that have been terminated, disenrolled and disenfranchised. The federal government, Gali notes, still “gets to decide who is and who is not a Native person in California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lack of a specific apology from the Catholic Church for Serra’s legacy, Gali sees this same inaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Until that's done,\" she says, \"there is still a gaping wound that needs to be healed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"removal\">\u003c/a>How Can You Challenge a Statue or Place Name?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If there’s a statue or place name in your area that you want to officially challenge, how can you do that as a member of the public?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arianna Antone-Ramirez is a research associate at the California Consortium for Urban Indian Health, and is on the board of the American Indian Cultural Center of San Francisco. Born and raised in the Mission District of San Francisco, she's a member of the Tohono O'odham Nation in Arizona and was a part of the campaign to remove San Francisco's Early Days statue. Her key advice for activism in this field? \"Let the community lead\" — especially if you're a non-Indigenous ally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antone-Ramirez recommends beginning by researching the communities who are \"directly affected\" by the issue at hand, finding out what they're already working on, and offering support to their organizers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827558\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827558\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Arriana.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Arriana.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Arriana-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Arriana-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Arriana-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Arriana-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arianna Antone-Ramirez is a member of the Tohono O'odham Nation in Arizona, and was a part of the campaign to remove San Francisco's Early Days statue. \u003ccite>(Arianna Antone-Ramirez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She also advises embarking on your \u003cem>own\u003c/em> bureaucratic research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Has anything come up in my city council? Wherever you live, have there been any hearings about this? ... Where is this issue now? Is it in a committee?\" Acquiring this familiarity with civic processes, says Antone-Ramirez, will really help these efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what \u003cem>are\u003c/em> these processes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best approach for challenging a statue or place name is “the same as approaching the city government for any other civic inquiry,” says Rebekah Krell, acting director of cultural affairs at the San Francisco Arts Commission – the city body that was involved in the removal of the Early Days statue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governmental bodies she recommends contacting:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Your District Supervisor\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Mayor’s office of your town/city\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The local Arts Commission\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Your local non-emergency 311 line\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Krell also advises attending “any number of public meetings” to “pose general public comment.” This, she says, is how member of the public campaigning for the removal of the Early Days monument “got the ball rolling”– “the community came to a [monthly] public Arts Commission meeting” and spoke up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a group is specifically looking to challenge a monument or public artwork, Krell says that the agency governing these can differ from municipality. It could be an Arts Commission (as in San Francisco), a Parks Department or your city’s Public Works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But when all else fails,” she says, “your elected city representative (council member, district supervisor, etc.) office should be able to direct your concern.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Arts Commission has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13883431/city-to-evaluate-public-monuments-but-community-questions-its-track-record\">announced plans\u003c/a> to now evaluate the the city’s nearly one hundred public monuments and memorials — and whether any of them should be removed. The plans will apparently entail the city examining factors including the story behind the historical figure a work depicts, the artist who made it, the community's response so far, and the cost of its removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The original story incorrectly listed Greg Sarris as the owner of Graton Resort & Casino and has since been corrected.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Why are statues of Junípero Serra being torn down all over California? Indigenous activists say a reckoning with the 18th century missionary's legacy is long overdue.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1594927655,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":96,"wordCount":4731},"headData":{"title":"'How Do We Heal?' Toppling the Myth of Junípero Serra | KQED","description":"Why are statues of Junípero Serra being torn down all over California? Indigenous activists say a reckoning with the missionary's legacy is long overdue.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'How Do We Heal?' Toppling the Myth of Junípero Serra","datePublished":"2020-07-07T22:01:09.000Z","dateModified":"2020-07-16T19:27:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11826151 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11826151","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/07/07/how-do-we-heal-toppling-the-myth-of-junipero-serra/","disqusTitle":"'How Do We Heal?' Toppling the Myth of Junípero Serra","path":"/news/11826151/how-do-we-heal-toppling-the-myth-of-junipero-serra","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skip to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#serra\">Who was Junípero Serra, and what did he do? \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#serra\"> \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#removal\">How statues get officially removed – and what you can do personally\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">O\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>n June 19, people around the Bay Area \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11825274/updates-bay-area-honors-juneteenth-on-the-streets\">took to the streets to mark Juneteenth\u003c/a>: the date in 1865 when the last enslaved people in Texas learned they were free, more than two years after slavery officially ended in the United States. The rallies followed weeks of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/protests\">intense protest\u003c/a> across the country over the killings of George Floyd and other Black people by police, and over systemic racism in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That evening, protesters \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/FitzTheReporter/status/1274374501925453824\">pulled down a bronze statue\u003c/a> that had stood 30 feet high over San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park for more than a century, spattering it with red paint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827294\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827294\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-toppled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-toppled.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-toppled-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-toppled-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-toppled-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-toppled-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A statue of Junípero Serra toppled from its plinth in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park by protesters on June 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The 1907 monument was a tribute to Father Junípero Serra: the 18th century Franciscan priest who presided over the colonizing Spanish mission system in California that resulted in the decimation of the Indigenous population, and who was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10682571/pope-francis-courts-controversy-over-junipero-serra-sainthood\">made a saint\u003c/a> by Pope Francis in 2015. Monuments to Ulysses S. Grant and Francis Scott Key, who both enslaved Black people, were also pulled down in the park that night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Juneteenth topplings followed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11825103/san-francisco-removes-controversial-christopher-columbus-statue-on-telegraph-hill\">removal\u003c/a> of a Christopher Columbus statue in San Francisco’s North Beach neighborhood by city workers ahead of plans by protesters to topple it themselves, and the removal of a Sacramento \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824573/statue-of-john-sutter-pioneer-who-enslaved-native-americans-removed-in-sacramento\">monument to John Sutter\u003c/a> — a 19th century colonizer who enslaved Native Americans at his mill. The day after the Golden Gate Park statues fell, Indigenous activists in downtown Los Angeles watched as a 1932 park monument to Serra \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2020-06-20/statue-junipero-serra-monument-protest-activists-take-down-los-angeles\">was ripped off its pedestal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827292\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827292\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/serra-graffiti.jpg\" alt=\"Graffiti at the former site of a statue of Junípero Serra reads 'Stolen land, stolen people.'\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/serra-graffiti.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/serra-graffiti-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/serra-graffiti-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/serra-graffiti-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/serra-graffiti-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graffiti at the former site of a statue of Junípero Serra reads 'Stolen land, stolen people.' \u003ccite>(Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And this past July 4, another statue of Serra was \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article244012732.html\">torn down in Sacramento’s Capitol Park\u003c/a> by protesters following a day of peaceful marches by demonstrators aligned with the Black Lives Matter movement. The same day, Indigenous activists \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-07-04/indigenous-groups-black-lives-matters-join-forces-to-mark-historical-sins-on-july-4th\">joined forces with Black Lives Matter organizers\u003c/a> for a march in Los Angeles, calling for unity and decrying the historical 'sins' of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Black Lives Matter and the Fight Against Serra Monuments\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like the timing of the July 4 marches, the Juneteenth timing of the Golden Gate Park Serra statue toppling was highly symbolic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's emotional for sure,\" says Morning Star Gali about how it feels to see statues come down. A member of the Ajumawi band of the Pit River Tribe — and the project director of the organization Restoring Justice for Indigenous Peoples — Gali has been involved in campaigns for the removal of several statues in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She campaigned against the Sacramento monument to Sutter, and was there to watch it fall. She was present too at the contentious \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13859733/sf-had-right-to-remove-early-days-statue-deemed-racist-judge-says\">removal of the Early Days\u003c/a> statue in San Francisco in 2018, which she and others had worked to remove from public view on account of its portrayal of Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827286\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827286\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/early-days.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1758\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/early-days.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/early-days-800x740.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/early-days-1020x944.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/early-days-160x148.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/early-days-1536x1421.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">'Early Days,' part of the Pioneer Monument in San Francisco's Civic Center, was removed in 2018. \u003ccite>(Sam Lefebvre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>America's current movement toward social justice, and the deep reckoning with U.S. history that it demands, is \"absolutely intersectional,” says Gali.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is absolutely a mutual understanding of Black and brown and Indigenous liberation that we understand, and we've done a lot of work in the past year to get to the point where we're at.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her fellow Indigenous activists are active partners with the Anti Police-Terror Project — work that’s seen them hold memorials and vigils to honor Black victims of police brutality. In Sacramento, Gali’s efforts to \u003ca href=\"https://www.antipoliceterrorproject.org/sac-events/2020/6/17/community-conversations-to-de-serra-sacramento\">\"de-Serra\" the city\u003c/a> were purposefully held in partnership with the Anti Police-Terror Project, to “really show the solidarity that we have with one another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These statues are, Gali emphasizes, “monuments to racism. These are monuments to genocide. And it's time for them to come down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827564\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827564\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Gali-Brooke.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Gali-Brooke.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Gali-Brooke-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Gali-Brooke-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Gali-Brooke-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Gali-Brooke-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morning Star Gali, with her youngest daughters. \u003ccite>(Brooke Anderson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Author and academic Greg Sarris is the chairman of the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, and lecturer at Sonoma State University's Native American Studies program. In support of \"everyone who is suffering the legacy of racism and injustice,\" Sarris says that he and his tribe fully stand behind the Black Lives Matter movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let us not forget that the Indians on this continent were the first to find out what European insensitivity would do to us,\" he says. \"And do to others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As statues of colonizers are brought down around California — mirroring actions against Confederate monuments further east — Serra remains a particular focus. And for years, he's been a reviled figure among many Indigenous people for his leadership over a system that resulted in the incalculable loss of Native lives, and forever altered the Indigenous way of life in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to Serra, this is a fight that has been sustained by Indigenous activists for decades. And far from being a matter that relates mainly to California's history, it says everything about our state's present — and future.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"serra\">\u003c/a>Who Was Junípero Serra?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Born in Spain, Junípero Serra first traveled to the Americas in 1749 while in his thirties, to work as a Catholic missionary in Mexico. In 1768, he traveled north to California, and founded a string of missions stretching from San Diego to San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10406942\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10406942\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/juniperoserra-e1421339520709.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1440\" height=\"1036\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Father Junípero Serra in a portrait by Father Jose Mosqueda. \u003ccite>(Huntington Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If members of a nearby Indigenous tribe were baptized, they were then brought into a mission where they were ordered to abandon many aspects of their culture and customs, and forced into labor — and prevented from leaving. Anyone who tried to escape the mission was subject to being hunted down and brought back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Native people in Serra’s missions were subjected to physical punishments like whippings and beating, which Serra himself justified in 1780, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/serra.htm\">writing\u003c/a> \"that spiritual fathers should punish their sons, the Indians, with blows appears to be as old as the conquest of [the Americas]; so general in fact that the saints do not seem to be any exception to the rule.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827259\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827259\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1579\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Map.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Map-800x665.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Map-1020x848.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Map-160x133.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Map-1536x1276.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of North America dated 1789, showing California when it was part of Spanish-controlled \"New Spain.\" \u003ccite>(Dobson's Encyclopædia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thousands of Indigenous people in the missions died from exposure to European diseases and from the brutal labor they were forced to perform. It was the discovery of the missions’ birth and death rolls — and the revelation that more Native people died under Serra’s system than were born — that sparked a more widespread re-evaluation of his legacy in the 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hard physical labor performed by Indigenous people in Serra’s missions was, for years, characterized in history books as 'work.' The word for it used today by many, including the descendants of those people, is 'slavery.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here we were enslaved in the missions, and whipped and beaten,\" says Greg Sarris. \"Up to 90% of the population [was] decimated, from which we never really recovered.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The missions “were concentration camps,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.montereyherald.com/2015/04/01/easter-sunday-protest-over-serra-planned-at-carmel-mission/\">said Corine Fairbanks\u003c/a> of the American Indian Movement Southern California in 2015, ahead of a protest at Serra’s canonization at the Carmel mission. “They were places of death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Centuries of spiritual and cultural heritage were erased by the Spanish conversion system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Serra did not just bring us Christianity,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/22/us/to-some-indians-in-california-father-serra-is-far-from-a-saint.html\">said academic Deborah Miranda\u003c/a>, a member of the Ohlone Costanoan Esselen Nation and author of “Bad Indians”, in 2015. “He imposed it, giving us no choice in the matter. He did incalculable damage to a whole culture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Serra the Saint\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 2015, Pope Francis announced his \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10682571/pope-francis-courts-controversy-over-junipero-serra-sainthood\">decision to make Junípero Serra a saint\u003c/a>. The news was met with outrage in California, with protests taking place in San Francisco’s Mission Dolores, Mission Carmel and Mission San Juan Bautista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11748397\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11748397\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37187_GettyImages-489795578-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Pope Francis pauses in front of a sculpture of Spanish-born Junipero Serra, the Franciscan Friar known for starting missions in California, in Statuary Hall at the U.S. Capitol on September 24, 2015 in Washington, DC.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37187_GettyImages-489795578-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37187_GettyImages-489795578-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37187_GettyImages-489795578-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37187_GettyImages-489795578-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37187_GettyImages-489795578-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pope Francis pauses in front of a sculpture of Junípero Serra in Statuary Hall at the U.S. Capitol on September 24, 2015 in Washington, DC. He canonized Serra on this visit. \u003ccite>(Michael Reynolds-Pool/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An Indigenous-authored \u003ca href=\"https://sign.moveon.org/petitions/urge-pope-francis-to?mailing_id=28356&r_by=504037&source=s.icn.em.cr\">petition\u003c/a> urging the pope to reconsider the canonization received over 11,000 signatures, stating that “it is imperative he is enlightened to understand that Father Serra was responsible for the deception, exploitation, oppression, enslavement and genocide of thousands of Indigenous Californians, ultimately resulting in the largest ethnic cleansing in North America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week after the canonization, a statue of Serra in Monterey was decapitated. Two years later in Santa Barbara, another Serra monument at the city's mission was also decapitated and covered with red paint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This wasn't the first time the Church had attempted to elevate Serra’s holy stature. Almost three decades earlier, in 1988, Francis' predecessor Pope John Paul II had actually kicked off the sanctification process by beatifying Serra. That announcement too was greeted with horror by Indigenous voices, but even back then, it represented only the latest articulation of of anti-Serra protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827261\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827261\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS43838_001_KQED_280_JuniperoSerraStatue_06302020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A statue of Junípero Serra at a rest stop along Interstate 280 near Hillsborough.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS43838_001_KQED_280_JuniperoSerraStatue_06302020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS43838_001_KQED_280_JuniperoSerraStatue_06302020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS43838_001_KQED_280_JuniperoSerraStatue_06302020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS43838_001_KQED_280_JuniperoSerraStatue_06302020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS43838_001_KQED_280_JuniperoSerraStatue_06302020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A statue of Junípero Serra at a rest stop along Interstate 280 near Hillsborough. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some saw the canonization as a Catholic matter for Catholic people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4LLtN2fjLA\">a 1989 episode of the TV talk show \"Firing Line,\"\u003c/a> host William F. Buckley Jr. suggests to guest Edward Castillo – a Cahuilla-Luiseño professor of Native American studies at Sonoma State University and a Serra critic who participated in the 1969 occupation of Alcatraz Island — that as as a non-Christian, “it’s none of your business who the church canonizes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, L.A. Native activist Norma Flores – who worked with the Kizh Nation/Gabrieleño Band of Mission Indians to author the anti-canonization petition — disagreed. “Junípero Serra is being canonized for being an evangelist of the Native peoples in California,” she said. \"Why do we not have an active say in this?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Replaces Serra?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Amid a national reckoning with U.S. history, how California deals with Serra is fundamental — not just to the state’s view of its past, but also to how it imagines its future, and the stories it wishes to tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827271\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827271\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/san-bautista.jpg\" alt=\"A statue of Father Junípero Serra at Old Mission San Juan Bautista in San Juan Bautista, San Benito County, California.\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/san-bautista.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/san-bautista-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/san-bautista-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/san-bautista-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/san-bautista-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A statue of Father Junípero Serra at Old Mission San Juan Bautista in San Juan Bautista, San Benito County, California. \u003ccite>(The Jon B. Lovelace Collection of California Photographs in Carol M. Highsmith's America Project, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Most people that are crying about these statues being removed cannot name the local tribe of where they live,” says Gali. “The fact that they can't name that San Francisco is Ramaytush Ohlone territory just goes to show the lack of education, really.” She attributes this lack of understanding to an active “suppression of information about the local tribes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if a statue comes down, or a place is renamed, what \u003cem>is\u003c/em> the way forward? Should a statue of Serra be replaced by a figure from local Indigenous history?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not that simple, says April McGill, director of community partnerships and projects at the California Consortium for Urban Indian Health, and the executive director of the American Indian Cultural Center in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An American Indian of Yuki, Wappo, Little Lake Pomo and Wailaki descent, McGill stresses that statues of colonizers like Serra coming down is the start, \u003cem>not\u003c/em> the solution. Especially when a city doesn’t work to involve Indigenous people in that removal process, and in what comes next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827672\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11827672 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/April.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/April.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/April-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/April-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/April-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/April-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">April McGill, an American Indian of Yuki, Wappo, Little Lake Pomo and Wailaki descent. \u003ccite>(April McGill)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the city of San Francisco removed its Christopher Columbus statue, for example, McGill saw a lack of “Native presence there to follow a protocol” for marking the event. “There’s always somebody speaking \u003cem>for\u003c/em> our people,” she notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to the ‘what next’ after a statue comes down, McGill cautions against thinking only in terms of \u003cem>replacing\u003c/em> the monuments. After all, statues commemorating individuals are “a white thing,” she says, referencing recent words by \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://slack-redir.net/link?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Fbayarea%2Farticle%2FIn-reckoning-with-oppression-don-t-rush-to-15372699.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/In-reckoning-with-oppression-don-t-rush-to-15372699.php\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\" aria-describedby=\"sk-tooltip-32618\">Jonathan Cordero, chairperson of the Ramaytush Ohlone\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to recompense and restitution for the damage done to a region’s Native peoples down the centuries, McGill says a city can begin to truly do right by its Native peoples by recognizing them as living communities with needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I honestly say: give them a space,\" she says. \"Give them a park. Create a dance arena. Give them back\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704679/there-were-once-more-than-425-shellmounds-in-the-bay-area-where-did-they-go\"> their shellmounds\u003c/a> ... a place to continue to hold their ceremonies, and grow their indigenous food.” And federal land like San Francisco’s Presidio, McGill says, should be given to “the original stewards of that land,” the Ohlone people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cem>That’s\u003c/em> how you honor them — not via a statue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, McGill says, it’s about answering the question, 'How do we heal?'\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Serra in Schools\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you grew up in California in the last few decades, you could be forgiven for being confused about why statues in Junípero Serra's honor are being pulled down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11619652\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11619652\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject.jpg\" alt=\"The new History-Social Science framework suggests replacing the Mission-building project with assignments that provide more context to the Spanish missions.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject-160x128.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject-800x640.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject-1020x816.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject-1180x944.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject-960x768.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject-240x192.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject-375x300.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/MissionProject-520x416.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new history-social science framework suggests replacing the mission-building project with assignments that provide more context to the Spanish missions. \u003ccite>(DAVID LOFINK/FLICKR CREATIVE COMMONS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Generations of California-educated people chiefly remember their fourth-grade \"build a model mission\" projects — and a conspicuous lack of criticism around Serra and his actions.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1276257873987637248"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Of her own fourth grade mission education, Morning Star Gali says she knew \"even back then that it was bogus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, when her now 12-year-old son's fourth grade teacher announced plans for a class visit to a Spanish mission, Gali says she flatly objected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I said, absolutely not. That's not happening. I will take my son to the nearby state park, to the nearby roundhouse where he can learn about our California Indian teaching that way. But he will not be doing any 'mission field trip.'\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1276225222681563136"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/hs/cf/hssframework.asp\">current guidelines\u003c/a> for fourth grade education on the missions were adopted in 2016-2017. After learning about what life was like for Native peoples in California “before other settlers arrived,” the framework asks teachers to move onto the “colonizing” of California from 1769.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public school guidelines emphasize how Indigenous peoples were “initially attracted” to the missions, “impressed by the pageantry, material wealth, and abundant food of the Catholic Church,” but that as colonization increasingly disrupted existing food sources and village life, Native peoples began to be drawn into the missions out of survival — and once baptized, missionaries and military forces “conspired to forcibly keep” them there, and pressed them into “forced labor.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1276229718744813568"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The state framework for teachers attributes the “extremely high” death rate among the Indigenous populations during the mission period to not only disease, but “the hardships of forced labor and separation from traditional ways of life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, it encourages educators to “sensitize” their students to “the various ways in which Indians exhibited agency in the mission system.” They say it's in the pursuit of “a more comprehensive view of the era.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greg Sarris says he's hopeful about the possibility that Indigenous voices have enough influence to make change when it comes to furthering knowledge of Native American history — albeit \"sadly,\" he says, \"only because of the money generated from our casinos that let us use that power.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827675\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11827675 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Greg-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Greg-cropped.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Greg-cropped-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Greg-cropped-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Greg-cropped-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Greg-cropped-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Greg Sarris, chairman of the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria \u003ccite>(Greg Sarris)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, of which Sarris is chairman, own the land on which the Graton Resort & Casino in Rohnert Park resides. Sarris says he's working with the National Museum of the American Indian at the Smithsonian, where he's on the Board of Trustees, and Gov. Newsom to privately finance a new template for California public schools to better teach children about their state's Indigenous history.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Who Gets to Define Serra for California?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Critics of statue-toppling in California have characterized ongoing protests as a passing moment, or somehow opportunistic of the current anti-racism uprising in the nation's streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After releasing \u003ca href=\"https://sfarchdiocese.org/letters-and-statements\">statements in June on the killing of George Floyd\u003c/a> by Minneapolis police, which called for readers \"to join together in prayer for an end to racism in all its pernicious manifestations,\" the Archdiocese of San Francisco released \u003ca href=\"https://sfarchdiocese.org/letters-and-statements\">a statement on the “destruction” of Golden Gate Park Serra statue\u003c/a>. It was subtitled “Healing of Memories and Historical Accuracy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10682581\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10682581\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16659_FullSizeRender-7-Copy-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A statue of Father Junípero Serra outside the San Gabriel Mission.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16659_FullSizeRender-7-Copy-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16659_FullSizeRender-7-Copy-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16659_FullSizeRender-7-Copy-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16659_FullSizeRender-7-Copy-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16659_FullSizeRender-7-Copy-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/RS16659_FullSizeRender-7-Copy-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A statue of Father Junípero Serra outside the San Gabriel Mission. \u003ccite>(George Lavender/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Its author, Archbishop Salvatore Cordileone, called the removal \"the latest example\" of how \"a renewed national movement to heal memories and correct the injustices of racism and police brutality in our country has been hijacked by some into a movement of violence, looting and vandalism.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The memorialization of historic figures,\" he stated, \"merits an honest and fair discussion as to how and to whom such honor should be given.\" Instead, it characterized the statue toppling as \"mob rule\" — enacted against the memory of a man who \"made heroic sacrifices to protect the indigenous people of California from their Spanish conquerors\" and offered them \"the best thing he had: the knowledge and love of Jesus Christ.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 27, Archbishop Cordileone and other Catholics joined at the site of the topped Serra statue in Golden Gate Park to \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/06/30/san-francisco-archbishop-exorcism-golden-gate-park-junipero-serra-statue-toppled/\">perform an exorcism\u003c/a>, saying that “evil has made itself present here\" owing to the monument being \"blasphemously torn down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The New York-based Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights reacted to the Golden Gate Park incident with even more vehemence, with president Bill Donohue commenting that \"Smashing statues of American icons is all the rage among urban barbarians. Ignorant of history, they are destroying statues of those who were among the most enlightened persons of their time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serra, Donohue says, \"fought hard for the rights of Indians, and was rightfully canonized by Pope Francis in 2015.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comparing the Catholic Church's view of the missions with the perspectives of Indigenous activists can make it seem like there are two Serras; two completely different versions of the Californian timeline. Yet as Dara Lind writes in her\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2015/9/24/9391995/junipero-serra-saint-pope-francis\"> 2015 Vox explainer\u003c/a> on Pope Francis's decision to sanctify, Serra \"was canonized because what he did during his life was good \u003cem>according to Catholic teaching\u003c/em>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827264\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827264\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-GG-park.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-GG-park.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-GG-park-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-GG-park-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-GG-park-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Serra-GG-park-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The statue of Junípero Serra in Golden Gate Park, before it was torn down on June 18, 2020 \u003ccite>(Burkhard Mücke)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Morning Star Gali says she's tired of the 'historical vandalism’ narrative in much of the mainstream commentary she sees around statue removals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are treating it like, 'oh, this is such an awful thing; this is erasure of history.' No, it's erasure of the lies that are perpetuated to support white supremacy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gali's own message regarding \"the healing of memories and historical accuracy?\" — “Tear down these monuments to genocide, tear down white supremacy: One statue at a time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>When Serra Became a Myth\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>To understand why Junípero Serra looms so large in the California consciousness, from the statues around us to the things we (still) teach our schoolchildren, it helps to know that his status as a California legend appears to have been no accident. It was rather an integral part of how California wished to see itself — and be seen — during the Gold Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serra's reputation as a kind of California founding father was intentionally built at the end of the 19th century, in what \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/09/junipero-serra-pope-francis-colonialism/406306/\">Atlantic writer Emma Green calls\u003c/a> “basically a marketing effort as settlers came to Southern California in the 1880s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827266\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827266\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Monterey.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Monterey.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Monterey-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Monterey-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Monterey-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Monterey-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An 1877 painting by Léon Trousset: 'Father Serra Celebrates Mass at Monterey.' \u003ccite>(Public Domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/09/junipero-serra-pope-francis-colonialism/406306/\">According to historian Bob Senkewicz\u003c/a>, author and professor at Santa Clara University, this drive to justify white westward expansion at a time when the state’s prosperity depended on it resulted in the creation of “a mission mythology of dedicated, selfless missionaries and happy, contented Indians. And this mythology created a notion of California before the U.S. as a kind of bucolic arcadia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native people have \"always been the tabula rasa on which Californians can write their fantasies,\" says Greg Sarris. \"One of which is Junípero Serra. And we've been so decimated that we haven't had the power or a loud enough or big enough voice to say, no, you cannot write our story.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legacy of that 19th century “marketing effort” lingers not only in the Serra statues and countless Serra place names across California — and in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11621122/el-camino-not-so-real-the-true-story-of-the-ancient-road\">the mythology of the \"Camino Real\"\u003c/a> — but on a national stage. In 1985, the U.S. Postal Service commemorated Serra with his own postage stamp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827267\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827267\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/slo-MISSION.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/slo-MISSION.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/slo-MISSION-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/slo-MISSION-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/slo-MISSION-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/slo-MISSION-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, a Spanish mission founded in 1772 by Serra in the present-day city of San Luis Obispo. \u003ccite>(The Jon B. Lovelace Collection of California Photographs in Carol M. Highsmith's America Project, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the U.S. Capitol collection of state statues, several states are represented by 21st-century statues of Indigenous people, such as New Mexico (Pueblo leader Po'pay) and Wyoming (Chief Washakie of the Shoshone) — but a bronze figure of Serra has represented California since 1931.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alongside it, the state of Virginia is still represented by a 1909 statue of Confederate general Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Serra as Symbol\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Why has Serra in particular — and the monuments erected in his honor — become \u003cem>such\u003c/em> a flashpoint in this moment, as anti-racism campaigners take their fight to the streets?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Sarris, Serra represents a way of thinking about Indigenous culture — as something not to be understood and preserved, but colonized and assimilated — that has traumatic repercussions today. \"Here was a man who represented a culture that felt entitled to dominate another culture,” he says. “The cultural insensitivity that resulted in violence and the death of 90% of the California Indian population is something to be understood, and not cherished.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared with the drive against Confederate statues on the East Coast, Sarris just doesn’t see \"enough interest or understanding of the violence against California Indians for the larger California general public to say, take down Junípero Serra.\" At least, not yet. And for him, that lack of urgency from non-Native people around Serra's legacy stems from fundamental misunderstandings about California's Native history and culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11824391\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11824391\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43652_GettyImages-1219619841-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43652_GettyImages-1219619841-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43652_GettyImages-1219619841-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43652_GettyImages-1219619841-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43652_GettyImages-1219619841-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rainbow is projected over the statue of Confederate General Robert Lee on June 12, 2020 in Richmond, Virginia. Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam ordered the removal of the General Lee statue as soon as possible but legal proceedings have temporarily halted those plans. \u003ccite>(Eze Amos/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Morning Star Gali, the still-standing Serra statues represent a visual emblem of the wider issue at hand: California's systemic inaction towards its Native peoples. She notes that June marks one year since Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/19/us/newsom-native-american-apology.html\">delivered an apology\u003c/a> \"for the many instances of violence, mistreatment and neglect inflicted upon California Native Americans throughout the state’s history.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Gali notes, “an apology is nothing without action” — especially where it concerns vital decisions being made for Indigenous people without their input.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently, she says, where is that action regarding the coronavirus relief funds provided by the CARES Act? Funds were dispersed only to Native tribes that are federally recognized, to the exclusion of tribes that have been terminated, disenrolled and disenfranchised. The federal government, Gali notes, still “gets to decide who is and who is not a Native person in California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lack of a specific apology from the Catholic Church for Serra’s legacy, Gali sees this same inaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Until that's done,\" she says, \"there is still a gaping wound that needs to be healed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"removal\">\u003c/a>How Can You Challenge a Statue or Place Name?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If there’s a statue or place name in your area that you want to officially challenge, how can you do that as a member of the public?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arianna Antone-Ramirez is a research associate at the California Consortium for Urban Indian Health, and is on the board of the American Indian Cultural Center of San Francisco. Born and raised in the Mission District of San Francisco, she's a member of the Tohono O'odham Nation in Arizona and was a part of the campaign to remove San Francisco's Early Days statue. Her key advice for activism in this field? \"Let the community lead\" — especially if you're a non-Indigenous ally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antone-Ramirez recommends beginning by researching the communities who are \"directly affected\" by the issue at hand, finding out what they're already working on, and offering support to their organizers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11827558\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11827558\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Arriana.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Arriana.jpg 1900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Arriana-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Arriana-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Arriana-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/Arriana-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arianna Antone-Ramirez is a member of the Tohono O'odham Nation in Arizona, and was a part of the campaign to remove San Francisco's Early Days statue. \u003ccite>(Arianna Antone-Ramirez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She also advises embarking on your \u003cem>own\u003c/em> bureaucratic research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Has anything come up in my city council? Wherever you live, have there been any hearings about this? ... Where is this issue now? Is it in a committee?\" Acquiring this familiarity with civic processes, says Antone-Ramirez, will really help these efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what \u003cem>are\u003c/em> these processes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best approach for challenging a statue or place name is “the same as approaching the city government for any other civic inquiry,” says Rebekah Krell, acting director of cultural affairs at the San Francisco Arts Commission – the city body that was involved in the removal of the Early Days statue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governmental bodies she recommends contacting:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Your District Supervisor\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Mayor’s office of your town/city\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The local Arts Commission\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Your local non-emergency 311 line\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Krell also advises attending “any number of public meetings” to “pose general public comment.” This, she says, is how member of the public campaigning for the removal of the Early Days monument “got the ball rolling”– “the community came to a [monthly] public Arts Commission meeting” and spoke up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a group is specifically looking to challenge a monument or public artwork, Krell says that the agency governing these can differ from municipality. It could be an Arts Commission (as in San Francisco), a Parks Department or your city’s Public Works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But when all else fails,” she says, “your elected city representative (council member, district supervisor, etc.) office should be able to direct your concern.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Arts Commission has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13883431/city-to-evaluate-public-monuments-but-community-questions-its-track-record\">announced plans\u003c/a> to now evaluate the the city’s nearly one hundred public monuments and memorials — and whether any of them should be removed. The plans will apparently entail the city examining factors including the story behind the historical figure a work depicts, the artist who made it, the community's response so far, and the cost of its removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The original story incorrectly listed Greg Sarris as the owner of Graton Resort & Casino and has since been corrected.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11826151/how-do-we-heal-toppling-the-myth-of-junipero-serra","authors":["3243"],"categories":["news_223","news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_19971","news_18538","news_20397","news_21667","news_27626","news_28031","news_28122","news_3986","news_21512","news_1261","news_1262","news_2439"],"featImg":"news_11827659","label":"news"},"news_11762333":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11762333","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11762333","score":null,"sort":[1563541258000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"tribes-frustrated-at-being-locked-out-of-california-cannabis-market","title":"Tribes Frustrated at Being Locked out of California Cannabis Market","publishDate":1563541258,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by POLITICO California Pro on 7/17/2019\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's marijuana legalization was supposed to provide economic justice to communities most affected by drug laws in the past, but Native American tribes that have suffered say the state is unfairly shutting them out of its nascent cannabis trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribes want the state to establish compacts, similar to gaming deals, that would allow them to sell cannabis grown on tribal lands to the broader California market. Under such arrangements, tribes would agree to regulations similar to those established under Proposition 64 and provide tax revenue to the state for products sold off-reservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But tribal leaders say they've been ignored by Gov. Gavin Newsom's administration despite months of trying to get the state to engage on cannabis compacts. Their frustration spilled over last month at a state workshop in Los Angeles where the California Native American Cannabis Association gave an hour-long presentation criticizing the state that ended with Bureau of Cannabis Control Chief Lori Ajax visibly angry.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'When you have the governor making a statement about apologizing for all the grief or all the tragedy, our point is, OK, well, put your money where your mouth is.'\u003ccite>Dave Vialpando, executive director of C-NACA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Can't we bypass those years of going at each other over these issues and just come to the good agreement where the state recognizes the tribe's sovereignty for what they can do on the reservation and still have a productive, healthy market? Apparently not,\" said tribal attorney Mark Levitan during the presentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high for some 35 tribes interested in starting cannabis businesses to get back to the negotiation table. Because Proposition 64, which voters approved in 2016, was silent on how the state would interact with tribes in the legal marketplace, they’ve had to watch from the sidelines as the multibillion-dollar cannabis market rapidly develops without them. Many of these tribes rank among the communities with the highest rates of unemployment and drug abuse in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As sovereign nations, tribes are able to regulate, grow and sell cannabis on reservation lands. However, to sell products off reservation, they currently have to sign a partial waiver of sovereign immunity that would give state agencies like the Bureau of Cannabis Control and California Department of Food and Agriculture complete regulatory control on tribal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, none of California’s tribes have agreed to that arrangement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's already so much that has been taken and making that compromise and giving [sovereignty] up is what is deeply problematic for people who are marginalized,” said Ariel Clark, a cannabis businesses attorney who is half Native American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Rob Bonta, D-Oakland, has carried legislation in each of the previous three years that would have allowed tribes to enter regulatory cannabis agreements negotiated by the governor and approved by the Legislature. The most recent bill, AB 924, gained the support of the cannabis industry after tribal leaders agreed to implement regulations and taxes mirroring the state's. But it subsequently fell apart after Gov. Jerry Brown's administration stood firm that tribes waive their sovereignty to allow for state oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The barriers were significant enough that Bonta opted against pursuing another bill this year, according to his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Native American Cannabis Association, or C-NACA, thought it would have better luck going directly to Newsom because he championed Prop 64, and has tried to improve the state's relationship with tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related stories\" tag=\"prop-64\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom made national news last month when he \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/states/california/story/2019/06/18/newsom-to-deliver-californias-formal-apology-to-native-americans-along-with-a-national-first-1065879\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a formal apology\u003c/a> to California tribes for the state’s history of violence against Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the group says the governor's office has not responded to multiple letters it sent asking for meetings to negotiate agreements. After Newsom's formal apology, C-NACA responded by saying that actions speak louder than words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Vialpando, executive director of C-NACA, said the apparent lack of interest in engaging with tribes on a potential economic opportunity seems hypocritical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have the governor making a statement about apologizing for all the grief or all the tragedy, our point is, OK, well, put your money where your mouth is,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribal leaders and advocates have pointed to neighboring states as examples of how California could create a successful regulatory partnership with tribes. Washington, Oregon and Nevada have all passed legislation that empowers them to sign individual compacts with each tribe that allow for sharing of regulatory responsibilities on reservations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, tribes agree to impose regulations and tax levels that at a minimum mirror those of the state. Tribal and state regulators also collaborate on enforcement, while the state can run background checks on non-tribal investors and partners. In return, tribes have access to the general Washington market and tax revenue goes to reservation coffers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a unique relationship that you have with the tribes. They're not a traditional stakeholder, they are governments,” said Brett Cain, the tribal liaison for the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board. “They just happen to reside within Washington state and you have to treat it as a unique relationship and respect their sovereignty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the perspective of California regulators and lawmakers, it’s unclear if the systems used by other states for negotiating tribal cannabis agreements can work here. That’s because the strict set of criteria laid out for legal business under Prop 64 — which covers everything from water usage to labor peace agreements — would offer little wiggle room in the negotiation process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>C-NACA and its member tribes have started to look toward inter-reservation commerce as an alternative to entering the California market and as a tool to put pressure on the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levitan said tribes would create healthy nation-to-nation markets where they will develop their own regulatory standards and open dispensaries that sell products to consumers who travel to reservations. None of the income, including from retail sales to California residents, would be subject to state taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you keep telling the tribes we'll deal with you next year when we have time, we'll deal with you next year when we have more time, this is the inevitable result,” Levitan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For members of small tribes often located in California’s most rural areas, the promise made to voters that legalization would create social equity for individuals and communities impacted by drug prohibition laws would be broken if Native Americans are excluded from the picture. Reports show Native Americans have the highest rate of substance dependence or abuse among ethnic groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Almaraz, a member of the Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians, a tribe of about 130 people located in the Riverside County mountains, said that cannabis cultivation offers the best opportunity for the tribe to support itself in the future. His tribe is one of almost 50 that doesn’t participate in gaming and struggles to make ends meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a lot more third-world situations right here in California than you know, and it is in tribes,” he said. “Without the money from casinos, it would not be possible to live.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.politicopro.com/state-policy/california?cid=promkt_19q2_cal_kq\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">POLITICO California Pro\u003c/a> is a subscription platform providing access to original reporting, analysis and tools on the political and policy developments impacting California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 POLITICO LLC.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Tribal leaders say they've been ignored by Gov. Gavin Newsom's administration despite months of trying to get the state to engage on cannabis compacts.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1563834775,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1260},"headData":{"title":"Tribes Frustrated at Being Locked out of California Cannabis Market | KQED","description":"Tribal leaders say they've been ignored by Gov. Gavin Newsom's administration despite months of trying to get the state to engage on cannabis compacts.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Tribes Frustrated at Being Locked out of California Cannabis Market","datePublished":"2019-07-19T13:00:58.000Z","dateModified":"2019-07-22T22:32:55.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11762333 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11762333","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/07/19/tribes-frustrated-at-being-locked-out-of-california-cannabis-market/","disqusTitle":"Tribes Frustrated at Being Locked out of California Cannabis Market","source":"POLITICO PRO","sourceUrl":"https://www.politicopro.com/state-policy/california?cid=promkt_19q2_cal_kq","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/states/staff/alexander-nieves\" target=\"_blank\">Alexander Nieves\u003c/a>","path":"/news/11762333/tribes-frustrated-at-being-locked-out-of-california-cannabis-market","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by POLITICO California Pro on 7/17/2019\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's marijuana legalization was supposed to provide economic justice to communities most affected by drug laws in the past, but Native American tribes that have suffered say the state is unfairly shutting them out of its nascent cannabis trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribes want the state to establish compacts, similar to gaming deals, that would allow them to sell cannabis grown on tribal lands to the broader California market. Under such arrangements, tribes would agree to regulations similar to those established under Proposition 64 and provide tax revenue to the state for products sold off-reservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But tribal leaders say they've been ignored by Gov. Gavin Newsom's administration despite months of trying to get the state to engage on cannabis compacts. Their frustration spilled over last month at a state workshop in Los Angeles where the California Native American Cannabis Association gave an hour-long presentation criticizing the state that ended with Bureau of Cannabis Control Chief Lori Ajax visibly angry.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'When you have the governor making a statement about apologizing for all the grief or all the tragedy, our point is, OK, well, put your money where your mouth is.'\u003ccite>Dave Vialpando, executive director of C-NACA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Can't we bypass those years of going at each other over these issues and just come to the good agreement where the state recognizes the tribe's sovereignty for what they can do on the reservation and still have a productive, healthy market? Apparently not,\" said tribal attorney Mark Levitan during the presentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high for some 35 tribes interested in starting cannabis businesses to get back to the negotiation table. Because Proposition 64, which voters approved in 2016, was silent on how the state would interact with tribes in the legal marketplace, they’ve had to watch from the sidelines as the multibillion-dollar cannabis market rapidly develops without them. Many of these tribes rank among the communities with the highest rates of unemployment and drug abuse in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As sovereign nations, tribes are able to regulate, grow and sell cannabis on reservation lands. However, to sell products off reservation, they currently have to sign a partial waiver of sovereign immunity that would give state agencies like the Bureau of Cannabis Control and California Department of Food and Agriculture complete regulatory control on tribal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, none of California’s tribes have agreed to that arrangement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's already so much that has been taken and making that compromise and giving [sovereignty] up is what is deeply problematic for people who are marginalized,” said Ariel Clark, a cannabis businesses attorney who is half Native American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Rob Bonta, D-Oakland, has carried legislation in each of the previous three years that would have allowed tribes to enter regulatory cannabis agreements negotiated by the governor and approved by the Legislature. The most recent bill, AB 924, gained the support of the cannabis industry after tribal leaders agreed to implement regulations and taxes mirroring the state's. But it subsequently fell apart after Gov. Jerry Brown's administration stood firm that tribes waive their sovereignty to allow for state oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The barriers were significant enough that Bonta opted against pursuing another bill this year, according to his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Native American Cannabis Association, or C-NACA, thought it would have better luck going directly to Newsom because he championed Prop 64, and has tried to improve the state's relationship with tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related stories ","tag":"prop-64"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom made national news last month when he \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/states/california/story/2019/06/18/newsom-to-deliver-californias-formal-apology-to-native-americans-along-with-a-national-first-1065879\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a formal apology\u003c/a> to California tribes for the state’s history of violence against Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the group says the governor's office has not responded to multiple letters it sent asking for meetings to negotiate agreements. After Newsom's formal apology, C-NACA responded by saying that actions speak louder than words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Vialpando, executive director of C-NACA, said the apparent lack of interest in engaging with tribes on a potential economic opportunity seems hypocritical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have the governor making a statement about apologizing for all the grief or all the tragedy, our point is, OK, well, put your money where your mouth is,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribal leaders and advocates have pointed to neighboring states as examples of how California could create a successful regulatory partnership with tribes. Washington, Oregon and Nevada have all passed legislation that empowers them to sign individual compacts with each tribe that allow for sharing of regulatory responsibilities on reservations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, tribes agree to impose regulations and tax levels that at a minimum mirror those of the state. Tribal and state regulators also collaborate on enforcement, while the state can run background checks on non-tribal investors and partners. In return, tribes have access to the general Washington market and tax revenue goes to reservation coffers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a unique relationship that you have with the tribes. They're not a traditional stakeholder, they are governments,” said Brett Cain, the tribal liaison for the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board. “They just happen to reside within Washington state and you have to treat it as a unique relationship and respect their sovereignty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the perspective of California regulators and lawmakers, it’s unclear if the systems used by other states for negotiating tribal cannabis agreements can work here. That’s because the strict set of criteria laid out for legal business under Prop 64 — which covers everything from water usage to labor peace agreements — would offer little wiggle room in the negotiation process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>C-NACA and its member tribes have started to look toward inter-reservation commerce as an alternative to entering the California market and as a tool to put pressure on the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levitan said tribes would create healthy nation-to-nation markets where they will develop their own regulatory standards and open dispensaries that sell products to consumers who travel to reservations. None of the income, including from retail sales to California residents, would be subject to state taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you keep telling the tribes we'll deal with you next year when we have time, we'll deal with you next year when we have more time, this is the inevitable result,” Levitan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For members of small tribes often located in California’s most rural areas, the promise made to voters that legalization would create social equity for individuals and communities impacted by drug prohibition laws would be broken if Native Americans are excluded from the picture. Reports show Native Americans have the highest rate of substance dependence or abuse among ethnic groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Almaraz, a member of the Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians, a tribe of about 130 people located in the Riverside County mountains, said that cannabis cultivation offers the best opportunity for the tribe to support itself in the future. His tribe is one of almost 50 that doesn’t participate in gaming and struggles to make ends meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a lot more third-world situations right here in California than you know, and it is in tribes,” he said. “Without the money from casinos, it would not be possible to live.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.politicopro.com/state-policy/california?cid=promkt_19q2_cal_kq\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">POLITICO California Pro\u003c/a> is a subscription platform providing access to original reporting, analysis and tools on the political and policy developments impacting California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 POLITICO LLC.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11762333/tribes-frustrated-at-being-locked-out-of-california-cannabis-market","authors":["byline_news_11762333"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_1758","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_19963","news_102","news_18584","news_1261","news_1262","news_19962","news_19895","news_24346","news_17041"],"featImg":"news_11762350","label":"source_news_11762333"},"news_117163":{"type":"posts","id":"news_117163","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"117163","score":null,"sort":[1383696942000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"controversial-rohnert-park-casino-set-to-open-today","title":"Graton Casino Opens With Massive Crowd, Epic Gridlock","publishDate":1383696942,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Stephanie Martin\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_117176\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/11/04/casino-Rohnert-Park/rs7425_img_0155-scr/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-117176\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-117176\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/11/RS7425_IMG_0155-scr-e1383614555904.jpg\" alt=\"Graton Resort and Casino is Northern California's largest tribal casino and cost $800 million. (Stephanie Martin/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graton Resort and Casino is expected to draw between 8,000 and 10,000 people a day. (Stephanie Martin/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 4:15 p.m.:\u003c/strong> Those who predicted the new Graton Resort & Casino would be wildly popular when it opened were right. So were those who feared that casino traffic would cause gridlock on roads leading to the complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How bad was the traffic when the casino opened this morning? Check out this tweet from the city of Rohnert Park:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>The Graton Casino is filled to capacity at this time! Traffic through Rohnert Park and on surface streets in the area is extremely congested\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— City of Rohnert Park (@RPTrafficUpdate) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RPTrafficUpdate/statuses/397807255933816832\">November 5, 2013\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Or this one, from Santa Rosa Press Democrat reporter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BrettWilkison\" target=\"_blank\">Brett Wilkinson\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>Overflow crowd at casino opening in Rohnert Park likened to \"dumbest zombie movie you've ever seen\" by CHP spokesman \u003ca href=\"http://t.co/KTPtKhXqb5\">http://t.co/KTPtKhXqb5\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Brett Wilkison (@BrettWilkison) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BrettWilkison/statuses/397840026568232960\">November 5, 2013\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>What's all the fuss about? Here's our \u003cstrong>original post: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s game on for Northern California’s largest tribal casino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $800 million \u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=5409900bdf804664aa8df016df1c3c38&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.gratonresortcasino.com%2f\" target=\"_blank\">Graton Resort & Casino\u003c/a>, just outside Rohnert Park in southern Sonoma County, officially opens its doors at 10 a.m. The 24/7 operation includes 3,000 slot and video poker machines, 144 gaming tables, a food court and four full-service restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s huge and it’s gorgeous,” said Vera Blanquie, membership representative at the Rohnert Park Chamber of Commerce. She says she and her colleagues received a private tour of the complex about two months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Marble floor, huge chandeliers – we kind of felt like we were in Las Vegas,” she laughed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The casino, owned by the \u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=5409900bdf804664aa8df016df1c3c38&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.gratonrancheria.com%2fourpeople.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria\u003c/a>, faced strong opposition from the surrounding community when planning began 10 years ago, and \u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=5409900bdf804664aa8df016df1c3c38&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.stopthecasino101.com%2f\" target=\"_blank\">a group of Sonoma County residents\u003c/a> \u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>continues to wage a legal battle to shut it down. Opponents, and even some supporters, say an influx of new visitors to the region will likely mean more crime, pollution and traffic congestion, not to mention competition for local businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the eve of the grand opening, however, many in Rohnert Park expressed optimism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really excited about having them as a neighbor,” said Danny Kotzin, manager of the In-N-Out Burger near the casino’s main entrance. Kotzin says he’s spent the past several months preparing for the casino opening by hiring extra restaurant staff and training them to handle larger crowds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they’re going to do a lot for the community as far as opening up jobs for everybody,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public safety officials say they expect the casino to eventually draw between 8,000 and 10,000 people a day, but they say the first few days and weeks could draw \u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=5409900bdf804664aa8df016df1c3c38&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.pressdemocrat.com%2farticle%2f20131103%2farticles%2f131109891\" target=\"_blank\">much more traffic\u003c/a>. California Highway Patrol spokesman Jonathan Sloat advises staying off northbound U.S. 101 in Sonoma, at least for the next few days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Know your alternate routes,” Sloat cautioned. “You'd be amazed at how many people know one way to get someplace and they've lived here their whole life.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Opening day of huge casino was expected to draw a big crowd and cause traffic problems -- and it did. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1399490433,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":551},"headData":{"title":"Graton Casino Opens With Massive Crowd, Epic Gridlock | KQED","description":"Opening day of huge casino was expected to draw a big crowd and cause traffic problems -- and it did. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Graton Casino Opens With Massive Crowd, Epic Gridlock","datePublished":"2013-11-06T00:15:42.000Z","dateModified":"2014-05-07T19:20:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"117163 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=117163","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/11/05/controversial-rohnert-park-casino-set-to-open-today/","disqusTitle":"Graton Casino Opens With Massive Crowd, Epic Gridlock","customPermalink":"2013/11/04/casino-Rohnert-Park/","path":"/news/117163/controversial-rohnert-park-casino-set-to-open-today","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Stephanie Martin\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_117176\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/11/04/casino-Rohnert-Park/rs7425_img_0155-scr/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-117176\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-117176\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/11/RS7425_IMG_0155-scr-e1383614555904.jpg\" alt=\"Graton Resort and Casino is Northern California's largest tribal casino and cost $800 million. (Stephanie Martin/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graton Resort and Casino is expected to draw between 8,000 and 10,000 people a day. (Stephanie Martin/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 4:15 p.m.:\u003c/strong> Those who predicted the new Graton Resort & Casino would be wildly popular when it opened were right. So were those who feared that casino traffic would cause gridlock on roads leading to the complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How bad was the traffic when the casino opened this morning? Check out this tweet from the city of Rohnert Park:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>The Graton Casino is filled to capacity at this time! Traffic through Rohnert Park and on surface streets in the area is extremely congested\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— City of Rohnert Park (@RPTrafficUpdate) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RPTrafficUpdate/statuses/397807255933816832\">November 5, 2013\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Or this one, from Santa Rosa Press Democrat reporter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BrettWilkison\" target=\"_blank\">Brett Wilkinson\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>Overflow crowd at casino opening in Rohnert Park likened to \"dumbest zombie movie you've ever seen\" by CHP spokesman \u003ca href=\"http://t.co/KTPtKhXqb5\">http://t.co/KTPtKhXqb5\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Brett Wilkison (@BrettWilkison) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BrettWilkison/statuses/397840026568232960\">November 5, 2013\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>What's all the fuss about? Here's our \u003cstrong>original post: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s game on for Northern California’s largest tribal casino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $800 million \u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=5409900bdf804664aa8df016df1c3c38&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.gratonresortcasino.com%2f\" target=\"_blank\">Graton Resort & Casino\u003c/a>, just outside Rohnert Park in southern Sonoma County, officially opens its doors at 10 a.m. The 24/7 operation includes 3,000 slot and video poker machines, 144 gaming tables, a food court and four full-service restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s huge and it’s gorgeous,” said Vera Blanquie, membership representative at the Rohnert Park Chamber of Commerce. She says she and her colleagues received a private tour of the complex about two months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Marble floor, huge chandeliers – we kind of felt like we were in Las Vegas,” she laughed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The casino, owned by the \u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=5409900bdf804664aa8df016df1c3c38&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.gratonrancheria.com%2fourpeople.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria\u003c/a>, faced strong opposition from the surrounding community when planning began 10 years ago, and \u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=5409900bdf804664aa8df016df1c3c38&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.stopthecasino101.com%2f\" target=\"_blank\">a group of Sonoma County residents\u003c/a> \u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>continues to wage a legal battle to shut it down. Opponents, and even some supporters, say an influx of new visitors to the region will likely mean more crime, pollution and traffic congestion, not to mention competition for local businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the eve of the grand opening, however, many in Rohnert Park expressed optimism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really excited about having them as a neighbor,” said Danny Kotzin, manager of the In-N-Out Burger near the casino’s main entrance. Kotzin says he’s spent the past several months preparing for the casino opening by hiring extra restaurant staff and training them to handle larger crowds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they’re going to do a lot for the community as far as opening up jobs for everybody,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public safety officials say they expect the casino to eventually draw between 8,000 and 10,000 people a day, but they say the first few days and weeks could draw \u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=5409900bdf804664aa8df016df1c3c38&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.pressdemocrat.com%2farticle%2f20131103%2farticles%2f131109891\" target=\"_blank\">much more traffic\u003c/a>. California Highway Patrol spokesman Jonathan Sloat advises staying off northbound U.S. 101 in Sonoma, at least for the next few days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Know your alternate routes,” Sloat cautioned. “You'd be amazed at how many people know one way to get someplace and they've lived here their whole life.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/117163/controversial-rohnert-park-casino-set-to-open-today","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_5025","news_1261","news_5026","news_4981"],"featImg":"news_117176","label":"news_6944"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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