Searching for Exoplanets | This Week in California Politics
Scientists Thrill as NASA Ames Launches Supercomputing Facility
How NASA Ames Is Helping the FAA Brace for the Rise of Delivery Drones
That Giant Structure Off 101 Once Housed a Flying Aircraft Carrier
NASA Rover Curiosity Lands on Mars
NASA’s New Mars "Curiosity" Rover Launching Saturday
NASA Announces Evidence of Possible Flowing Water on Mars; Images, Narrated Presentation
NASA and Google Team Up for Zero-Emissions Flight Contest
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FM","link":"/"}},"news_11867877":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11867877","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11867877","score":null,"sort":[1617410561000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"searching-for-exoplanets-this-week-in-california-politics","title":"Searching for Exoplanets | This Week in California Politics","publishDate":1617410561,"format":"video","headTitle":"KQED Newsroom | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":7052,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cb>This Week in California Politics\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state is reopening its economy as it opens up vaccinations for more and more residents. Meanwhile, a new poll from the Public Policy Institute of California indicated that Gov. Gavin Newsom could beat back a recall if an election was held now: 40% said they’re in favor of kicking him out, but 56% said they’d vote to keep him in office.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Joe Garofoli, San Francisco Chronicle senior political writer\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carla Marinucci, POLITICO senior writer\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Searching for Exoplanets\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Astrophysicist and astrobiologist Natalie Batalha studies exoplanets — planets outside our solar system. When she began in the mid-’90s, there were only a few known exoplanets, but as a leader on the recent Kepler Mission, she and her team discovered more than 4,000 additional exoplanets, some of them potentially harboring life. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Her daughter, Natasha Batalha, is following in her footsteps as a NASA Ames research scientist working on the James Webb Telescope Space project. When it’s launched into space this fall, it will be the largest telescope yet created.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Natalie Batalha, professor of astrophysics and director of the Astrobiology Initiative, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Natasha Batalha, NASA Ames research scientist\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Beautiful: KQED Headquarters\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For this week's look at something beautiful, we bring you a glimpse of our building as it undergoes renovation — from architectural renderings of the new design to the current progress of construction.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A Program Note\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">KQED Newsroom is going to be on a temporary hiatus as we prepare to move back into our headquarters, which are currently being renovated. That means we’ll be off air after April 2 through the end of July. Our new season will launch in August.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1617410710,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":294},"headData":{"title":"Searching for Exoplanets | This Week in California Politics | KQED","description":"This Week in California Politics The state is reopening its economy as it opens up vaccinations for more and more residents. Meanwhile, a new poll from the Public Policy Institute of California indicated that Gov. Gavin Newsom could beat back a recall if an election was held now: 40% said they’re in favor of kicking","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Searching for Exoplanets | This Week in California Politics","datePublished":"2021-04-03T00:42:41.000Z","dateModified":"2021-04-03T00:45:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11867877 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11867877","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/04/02/searching-for-exoplanets-this-week-in-california-politics/","disqusTitle":"Searching for Exoplanets | This Week in California Politics","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/HD_02wsYlyU ","path":"/news/11867877/searching-for-exoplanets-this-week-in-california-politics","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>This Week in California Politics\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state is reopening its economy as it opens up vaccinations for more and more residents. Meanwhile, a new poll from the Public Policy Institute of California indicated that Gov. Gavin Newsom could beat back a recall if an election was held now: 40% said they’re in favor of kicking him out, but 56% said they’d vote to keep him in office.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Joe Garofoli, San Francisco Chronicle senior political writer\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carla Marinucci, POLITICO senior writer\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Searching for Exoplanets\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Astrophysicist and astrobiologist Natalie Batalha studies exoplanets — planets outside our solar system. When she began in the mid-’90s, there were only a few known exoplanets, but as a leader on the recent Kepler Mission, she and her team discovered more than 4,000 additional exoplanets, some of them potentially harboring life. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Her daughter, Natasha Batalha, is following in her footsteps as a NASA Ames research scientist working on the James Webb Telescope Space project. When it’s launched into space this fall, it will be the largest telescope yet created.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Natalie Batalha, professor of astrophysics and director of the Astrobiology Initiative, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Natasha Batalha, NASA Ames research scientist\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Beautiful: KQED Headquarters\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For this week's look at something beautiful, we bring you a glimpse of our building as it undergoes renovation — from architectural renderings of the new design to the current progress of construction.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A Program Note\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">KQED Newsroom is going to be on a temporary hiatus as we prepare to move back into our headquarters, which are currently being renovated. That means we’ll be off air after April 2 through the end of July. Our new season will launch in August.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11867877/searching-for-exoplanets-this-week-in-california-politics","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_7052"],"categories":["news_6188","news_28250","news_8","news_13","news_356"],"tags":["news_262","news_19408","news_28872","news_20202","news_3682","news_61","news_9","news_20297","news_19177","news_565","news_29318","news_29319","news_28988","news_29317","news_25682"],"featImg":"news_11867938","label":"news_7052"},"news_11769784":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11769784","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11769784","score":null,"sort":[1566683935000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"scientists-thrill-as-nasa-ames-launches-supercomputing-facility","title":"Scientists Thrill as NASA Ames Launches Supercomputing Facility","publishDate":1566683935,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>On Thursday, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/ames\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Ames Research Center\u003c/a> in Mountain View held a ribbon cutting ceremony to celebrate a new supercomputing facility with space for 16 supercomputers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on the day of the ceremony there was just one tenant, a supercomputer named Aitken named after astronomer Robert Grant Aitken. But Aitken alone will give researchers the ability to crunch numbers on an awesome scale to support a wide variety of agency missions. Including NASA's \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/artemis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Artemis\u003c/a> program, which plans to return humans to the Moon by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aitken and its buddies — which were produced in collaboration with Hewlett Packard Enterprise of San Jose — will have up to 3.69 petaFLOPs of theoretical performance power with 1,150 nodes, 46,080 cores and 221 TB of memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does all that do? Things like model entry, descent and landing for spacecraft and conducting simulations that mimic and surpass what can be accomplished in the Ames \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/orgs/aeronautics/windtunnels/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wind tunnel\u003c/a> once all the supercomputers are up and running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11769790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1041px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11769790 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/ribboncutting.jpg\" alt=\"Tsengdar Lee, NASA High-End Computing program manager, and Eugene Tu, NASA Ames Research Center director, cut the ribbon at the opening of NASA's Modular Computing Facility.\" width=\"1041\" height=\"678\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/ribboncutting.jpg 1041w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/ribboncutting-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/ribboncutting-800x521.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/ribboncutting-1020x664.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tsengdar Lee, NASA High-End Computing program manager, and Eugene Tu, NASA Ames Research Center director, cut the ribbon at the opening of NASA's Modular Computing Facility. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA Ames Research Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For instance, picture the two seconds when 16 tiny rockets push away the spent solid rocket boosters before the spacecraft leaves the Earth's atmosphere. Supercomputing models show how those exhaust particles are likely to behave over 100,000 feet up from the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a very complex environment,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://www.nas.nasa.gov/publications/ams/2018/02-13-18.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Derek Dalle\u003c/a>, a researcher Computational Aerosciences Branch who's worked on Artemis and also development and testing of the Orion spacecraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Having more capacity with the new modular system is going to allow us to do this more routinely for more cases,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://www.nas.nasa.gov/publications/ams/2019/04-09-19.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Francois Cadieux\u003c/a>, a research scientist in the Computational Aerosciences Branch of the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division at NASA Ames Research Center. \"We'll run smaller simulations thousands of times for different scenarios, different parameter sweeps.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11769828\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11769828\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38645_Screen-Shot-2019-08-23-at-4.47.27-PM-qut-800x549.jpg\" alt=\""This is a very complex environment," said Derek Dalle, a researcher Computational Aerosciences Branch who's worked on Artemis and also development and testing of the Orion spacecraft. "Particularly, we're interested in how much heat flux goes into that thing at the bottom."\" width=\"800\" height=\"549\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38645_Screen-Shot-2019-08-23-at-4.47.27-PM-qut-800x549.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38645_Screen-Shot-2019-08-23-at-4.47.27-PM-qut-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38645_Screen-Shot-2019-08-23-at-4.47.27-PM-qut-1020x700.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38645_Screen-Shot-2019-08-23-at-4.47.27-PM-qut-1200x824.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38645_Screen-Shot-2019-08-23-at-4.47.27-PM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A still of the video simulation of the Orion launch support system. Which took roughly a month and 4,000 cores to complete. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA Ames Research Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then there are the simulations that are \"so high fidelity that we use a larger percentage of a supercomputer to run,\" Cadieux explained. The video simulation of the Orion launch support system took about a month on 4,000 cores to complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Essentially, we support all the research that's going on at NASA,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://www.nas.nasa.gov/about/bios/bio_thigpen_william.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bill Thigpen\u003c/a>, project manager for the high end computing capability \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/areas-of-ames-ingenuity-supercomputing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">project \u003c/a>at NASA Ames. \"We do human explorations, designing new launch craft, designing capsules, aeronautics, designing everything from rotorcraft to hypersonic, research in [solar] physics, astrophysics, planetary science, and the real important one: earth science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these disciplines benefit from high-fidelity numerical modeling of complex systems and processes, including detailed analyses and visualizations of large-scale data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"supercomputing\"]\u003ca href=\"https://science.jpl.nasa.gov/people/Menemenlis/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dimitris Menemenlis\u003c/a> of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena is another one of more than 1,500 scientists and engineers across the country who uses the advanced supercomputing facilities at NASA Ames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Menemenlis is interested in the information about the oceans captured by NASA satellites orbiting the earth — temperature, salinity, wind stress, etc. — and using computer simulations to make predictions. Advances in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/scientists-explore-ocean-currents-through-supercomputer-simulations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">supercomputing\u003c/a> allow him to incorporate data about tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LS5lmfbWs-U]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What you see in the video above is the surface current speed, trying to capture \"what the ocean is doing, how it's carrying water,\" Menemenlis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Similar things have been done for the atmosphere. What we’d really like to do is to combine the two, and have a representation of the earth's atmosphere ocean climate system that's as realistic as possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The new supercomputing facility will support nearly all the research done at NASA, and allow scientists to generate sophisticated computer simulations. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1567054098,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":648},"headData":{"title":"Scientists Thrill as NASA Ames Launches Supercomputing Facility | KQED","description":"The new supercomputing facility will support nearly all the research done at NASA, and allow scientists to generate sophisticated computer simulations. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Scientists Thrill as NASA Ames Launches Supercomputing Facility","datePublished":"2019-08-24T21:58:55.000Z","dateModified":"2019-08-29T04:48:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11769784 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11769784","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/08/24/scientists-thrill-as-nasa-ames-launches-supercomputing-facility/","disqusTitle":"Scientists Thrill as NASA Ames Launches Supercomputing Facility","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2019/08/MyrowNASAAmesSpot.mp3","audioTrackLength":116,"path":"/news/11769784/scientists-thrill-as-nasa-ames-launches-supercomputing-facility","audioDuration":116000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Thursday, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/ames\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Ames Research Center\u003c/a> in Mountain View held a ribbon cutting ceremony to celebrate a new supercomputing facility with space for 16 supercomputers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on the day of the ceremony there was just one tenant, a supercomputer named Aitken named after astronomer Robert Grant Aitken. But Aitken alone will give researchers the ability to crunch numbers on an awesome scale to support a wide variety of agency missions. Including NASA's \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/artemis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Artemis\u003c/a> program, which plans to return humans to the Moon by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aitken and its buddies — which were produced in collaboration with Hewlett Packard Enterprise of San Jose — will have up to 3.69 petaFLOPs of theoretical performance power with 1,150 nodes, 46,080 cores and 221 TB of memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does all that do? Things like model entry, descent and landing for spacecraft and conducting simulations that mimic and surpass what can be accomplished in the Ames \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/orgs/aeronautics/windtunnels/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wind tunnel\u003c/a> once all the supercomputers are up and running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11769790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1041px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11769790 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/ribboncutting.jpg\" alt=\"Tsengdar Lee, NASA High-End Computing program manager, and Eugene Tu, NASA Ames Research Center director, cut the ribbon at the opening of NASA's Modular Computing Facility.\" width=\"1041\" height=\"678\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/ribboncutting.jpg 1041w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/ribboncutting-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/ribboncutting-800x521.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/ribboncutting-1020x664.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tsengdar Lee, NASA High-End Computing program manager, and Eugene Tu, NASA Ames Research Center director, cut the ribbon at the opening of NASA's Modular Computing Facility. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA Ames Research Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For instance, picture the two seconds when 16 tiny rockets push away the spent solid rocket boosters before the spacecraft leaves the Earth's atmosphere. Supercomputing models show how those exhaust particles are likely to behave over 100,000 feet up from the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a very complex environment,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://www.nas.nasa.gov/publications/ams/2018/02-13-18.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Derek Dalle\u003c/a>, a researcher Computational Aerosciences Branch who's worked on Artemis and also development and testing of the Orion spacecraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Having more capacity with the new modular system is going to allow us to do this more routinely for more cases,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://www.nas.nasa.gov/publications/ams/2019/04-09-19.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Francois Cadieux\u003c/a>, a research scientist in the Computational Aerosciences Branch of the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division at NASA Ames Research Center. \"We'll run smaller simulations thousands of times for different scenarios, different parameter sweeps.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11769828\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11769828\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38645_Screen-Shot-2019-08-23-at-4.47.27-PM-qut-800x549.jpg\" alt=\""This is a very complex environment," said Derek Dalle, a researcher Computational Aerosciences Branch who's worked on Artemis and also development and testing of the Orion spacecraft. "Particularly, we're interested in how much heat flux goes into that thing at the bottom."\" width=\"800\" height=\"549\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38645_Screen-Shot-2019-08-23-at-4.47.27-PM-qut-800x549.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38645_Screen-Shot-2019-08-23-at-4.47.27-PM-qut-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38645_Screen-Shot-2019-08-23-at-4.47.27-PM-qut-1020x700.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38645_Screen-Shot-2019-08-23-at-4.47.27-PM-qut-1200x824.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38645_Screen-Shot-2019-08-23-at-4.47.27-PM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A still of the video simulation of the Orion launch support system. Which took roughly a month and 4,000 cores to complete. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA Ames Research Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then there are the simulations that are \"so high fidelity that we use a larger percentage of a supercomputer to run,\" Cadieux explained. The video simulation of the Orion launch support system took about a month on 4,000 cores to complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Essentially, we support all the research that's going on at NASA,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://www.nas.nasa.gov/about/bios/bio_thigpen_william.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bill Thigpen\u003c/a>, project manager for the high end computing capability \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/areas-of-ames-ingenuity-supercomputing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">project \u003c/a>at NASA Ames. \"We do human explorations, designing new launch craft, designing capsules, aeronautics, designing everything from rotorcraft to hypersonic, research in [solar] physics, astrophysics, planetary science, and the real important one: earth science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these disciplines benefit from high-fidelity numerical modeling of complex systems and processes, including detailed analyses and visualizations of large-scale data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related coverage ","tag":"supercomputing"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://science.jpl.nasa.gov/people/Menemenlis/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dimitris Menemenlis\u003c/a> of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena is another one of more than 1,500 scientists and engineers across the country who uses the advanced supercomputing facilities at NASA Ames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Menemenlis is interested in the information about the oceans captured by NASA satellites orbiting the earth — temperature, salinity, wind stress, etc. — and using computer simulations to make predictions. Advances in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/scientists-explore-ocean-currents-through-supercomputer-simulations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">supercomputing\u003c/a> allow him to incorporate data about tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/LS5lmfbWs-U'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/LS5lmfbWs-U'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What you see in the video above is the surface current speed, trying to capture \"what the ocean is doing, how it's carrying water,\" Menemenlis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Similar things have been done for the atmosphere. What we’d really like to do is to combine the two, and have a representation of the earth's atmosphere ocean climate system that's as realistic as possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11769784/scientists-thrill-as-nasa-ames-launches-supercomputing-facility","authors":["251"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_356","news_248"],"tags":["news_638","news_355","news_565","news_2011","news_353"],"featImg":"news_11769789","label":"news_72"},"news_11759453":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11759453","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11759453","score":null,"sort":[1562612403000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-nasa-ames-is-helping-the-faa-brace-for-the-rise-of-delivery-drones","title":"How NASA Ames Is Helping the FAA Brace for the Rise of Delivery Drones","publishDate":1562612403,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>You may have noticed a growing number of retailers threatening to make deliveries by drone in the near future. \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/e0fcf74b9a9d46d1a7c57463cf6f668c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-drone-alphabet/faa-paves-way-for-alphabet-unit-to-make-first-u-s-drone-deliveries-idUSKCN1RZ25N\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-12/uber-announces-plans-to-deliver-big-macs-by-drone-this-summer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uber\u003c/a> and others have all been developing their own systems, and while the technology might not be there quite yet, experts say it will be soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11755751,news_11742154,news_11660802' label='The Future of Drone Delivery']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As those threats become reality, who’s going to manage all of that potential chaos in the skies above us? Well, the agency that already manages American airspace: the Federal Aviation Administration. Eventually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, researchers at \u003ca href=\"https://utm.arc.nasa.gov/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Ames\u003c/a> in Mountain View are developing the air traffic management system to make it possible for Amazon to deliver pizza to your neighbor without harming you in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unmanned aircraft systems are already in the skies for all sorts of uses, including law enforcement, search and rescue, firefighting, agriculture, medical supply delivery, moviemaking, journalism and even real estate. But these are limited-use cases compared to the hundreds of thousands of commercially owned vehicles expected to take to the skies when retailers and restaurants are given the go-ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA Ames researchers in Mountain View are imagining something akin to what air traffic controllers do for passenger planes, but with cloud-based software. They've been working on this concept since 2015, and conducted multi-drone tests this year in Nevada and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11759484\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11759484\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Drone operators everywhere will be able to log into a cloud-based software system NASA Ames researchers are prototyping now. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1397\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut-160x116.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut-800x582.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut-1020x742.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut-1200x873.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drone operators everywhere will be able to log into a cloud-based software system NASA Ames researchers are prototyping now. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Don Richey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To start with, NASA Ames researcher Abhay Borade explained, every drone operator will have to log in with a plan for every flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That volume, that area, that time and space, altitude. Then the system will check it against various parameters. Are you flying in a restricted air space? Are you in a national park? You’ll get a message back either that you’re accepted or rejected,\" Borade said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the drone is airborne, its operator can track it on the software. The system communicates in real time what the drone is encountering after it leaves the operator's line of sight: buildings, birds, bad weather and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a presumption the unexpected can and will happen, but it's the drone operator's responsibility to decide how to manage risk, at least, outside of a law enforcement emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In such a case, package delivery drone operators would be ordered to vacate the affected area, according to Ron Johnson, project manager for the unmanned aircraft systems traffic management project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11759487\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11759487\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The concept of urban air mobility involves multiple aircraft safely operating within a city. (Yellow circles are vehicles with passengers; pink circles are vehicles without passengers.)\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1126\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut.jpg 1500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-800x601.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-1200x901.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The concept of urban air mobility involves multiple aircraft safely operating within a city. (Yellow circles are vehicles with passengers; pink circles are vehicles without passengers.) \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What happens if a drone operator refuses to comply? Or behaves badly in a myriad of other ways? The software can easily identify drones gone rogue, and it maintains records of the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Ron Johnson, project manager at NASA Ames']'We’re doing everything now that we’re required to. The companies themselves, it’s in their interest to keep their drones from being hijacked or fouled with.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While NASA lays the technical groundwork for this brave new world, there will be plenty of opportunity for new rules and regulations to keep bad actors in line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s not going to happen all at once. When the FAA allows more and more operations, I think there’ll be constraints put on [drone traffic],\" Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s not just talking about the FAA establishing rules. Software can manage a nearly infinite variety of local and regional rules, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s say the good citizens of Mountain View — who already live in an area full of loud noises — don’t want drones buzzing on top of all that. Or perhaps they decide to geo-fence certain areas, and require drone traffic to travel or land in prescribed zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11759489\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 985px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11759489\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38013_tcl4-v3-qut.jpg\" alt=\"An artist's rendering of Las Vegas, Nevada, with commercial delivery drones flying about.\" width=\"985\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38013_tcl4-v3-qut.jpg 985w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38013_tcl4-v3-qut-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38013_tcl4-v3-qut-800x518.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist's rendering of Las Vegas, Nevada, with commercial delivery drones flying about. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As of now, in the U.S., FAA rules state that delivery-style drones must weigh less than 55 pounds and fly up to a ceiling of 400 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From my experience, if a drone is flying 400 feet above, you hardly hear it,\" Johnson said. \"Mountain View may say, 'OK, you can fly a drone, but it can’t be below 300 feet.' That type of constraint would be embedded into the system here. So that when somebody proposes flying at 200 feet, that plan is going to get rejected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens if a hacker gets into the system, or into the drones? Johnson professes to have a high degree of confidence that won't happen. \"We’re doing everything now that we’re required to. The companies themselves, it’s in their interest to keep their drones from being hijacked or fouled with,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Ron Johnson, project manager at NASA Ames']'Right now, they already are soliciting public feedback for rules for flying over people. It’s perhaps less than a decade, but more than a couple of years [away].'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when will you get a pizza delivered by drone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short answer: Not soon, even though the FAA has recently allowed a handful of companies to test drone delivery programs in urban and rural areas, and has even gone so far as to certify Alphabet's Wing Aviation to operate as an airline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While more than 50 countries belong to Joint Authorities for Rulemaking of Unmanned Systems, a final set of standards has yet to be agreed upon. Johnson anticipates other countries are looking to the U.S. to take the lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to say, \"We finish our major testing this summer. It will take us several months to document what we found and then the FAA gets into their processes. Right now, they already are soliciting public feedback for rules for flying over people. It’s perhaps less than a decade, but more than a couple of years [away].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That should give us all a little more time to get used to the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, NASA researchers on another team are developing a similar construct for what they call urban air mobility, or what we proverbially call air taxis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The FAA isn't expected to approve commercial drone delivery until there's a rational, effective way to manage the airborne traffic.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1563305412,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1083},"headData":{"title":"How NASA Ames Is Helping the FAA Brace for the Rise of Delivery Drones | KQED","description":"The FAA isn't expected to approve commercial drone delivery until there's a rational, effective way to manage the airborne traffic.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"How NASA Ames Is Helping the FAA Brace for the Rise of Delivery Drones","datePublished":"2019-07-08T19:00:03.000Z","dateModified":"2019-07-16T19:30:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11759453 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11759453","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/07/08/how-nasa-ames-is-helping-the-faa-brace-for-the-rise-of-delivery-drones/","disqusTitle":"How NASA Ames Is Helping the FAA Brace for the Rise of Delivery Drones","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2019/07/MyrowNASAAmesDrones.mp3","audioTrackLength":169,"path":"/news/11759453/how-nasa-ames-is-helping-the-faa-brace-for-the-rise-of-delivery-drones","audioDuration":245000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You may have noticed a growing number of retailers threatening to make deliveries by drone in the near future. \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/e0fcf74b9a9d46d1a7c57463cf6f668c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-drone-alphabet/faa-paves-way-for-alphabet-unit-to-make-first-u-s-drone-deliveries-idUSKCN1RZ25N\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-12/uber-announces-plans-to-deliver-big-macs-by-drone-this-summer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uber\u003c/a> and others have all been developing their own systems, and while the technology might not be there quite yet, experts say it will be soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11755751,news_11742154,news_11660802","label":"The Future of Drone Delivery "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As those threats become reality, who’s going to manage all of that potential chaos in the skies above us? Well, the agency that already manages American airspace: the Federal Aviation Administration. Eventually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, researchers at \u003ca href=\"https://utm.arc.nasa.gov/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Ames\u003c/a> in Mountain View are developing the air traffic management system to make it possible for Amazon to deliver pizza to your neighbor without harming you in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unmanned aircraft systems are already in the skies for all sorts of uses, including law enforcement, search and rescue, firefighting, agriculture, medical supply delivery, moviemaking, journalism and even real estate. But these are limited-use cases compared to the hundreds of thousands of commercially owned vehicles expected to take to the skies when retailers and restaurants are given the go-ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA Ames researchers in Mountain View are imagining something akin to what air traffic controllers do for passenger planes, but with cloud-based software. They've been working on this concept since 2015, and conducted multi-drone tests this year in Nevada and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11759484\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11759484\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Drone operators everywhere will be able to log into a cloud-based software system NASA Ames researchers are prototyping now. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1397\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut-160x116.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut-800x582.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut-1020x742.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut-1200x873.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drone operators everywhere will be able to log into a cloud-based software system NASA Ames researchers are prototyping now. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Don Richey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To start with, NASA Ames researcher Abhay Borade explained, every drone operator will have to log in with a plan for every flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That volume, that area, that time and space, altitude. Then the system will check it against various parameters. Are you flying in a restricted air space? Are you in a national park? You’ll get a message back either that you’re accepted or rejected,\" Borade said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the drone is airborne, its operator can track it on the software. The system communicates in real time what the drone is encountering after it leaves the operator's line of sight: buildings, birds, bad weather and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a presumption the unexpected can and will happen, but it's the drone operator's responsibility to decide how to manage risk, at least, outside of a law enforcement emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In such a case, package delivery drone operators would be ordered to vacate the affected area, according to Ron Johnson, project manager for the unmanned aircraft systems traffic management project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11759487\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11759487\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The concept of urban air mobility involves multiple aircraft safely operating within a city. (Yellow circles are vehicles with passengers; pink circles are vehicles without passengers.)\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1126\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut.jpg 1500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-800x601.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-1200x901.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The concept of urban air mobility involves multiple aircraft safely operating within a city. (Yellow circles are vehicles with passengers; pink circles are vehicles without passengers.) \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What happens if a drone operator refuses to comply? Or behaves badly in a myriad of other ways? The software can easily identify drones gone rogue, and it maintains records of the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We’re doing everything now that we’re required to. The companies themselves, it’s in their interest to keep their drones from being hijacked or fouled with.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"small","align":"right","citation":"Ron Johnson, project manager at NASA Ames","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While NASA lays the technical groundwork for this brave new world, there will be plenty of opportunity for new rules and regulations to keep bad actors in line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s not going to happen all at once. When the FAA allows more and more operations, I think there’ll be constraints put on [drone traffic],\" Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s not just talking about the FAA establishing rules. Software can manage a nearly infinite variety of local and regional rules, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s say the good citizens of Mountain View — who already live in an area full of loud noises — don’t want drones buzzing on top of all that. Or perhaps they decide to geo-fence certain areas, and require drone traffic to travel or land in prescribed zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11759489\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 985px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11759489\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38013_tcl4-v3-qut.jpg\" alt=\"An artist's rendering of Las Vegas, Nevada, with commercial delivery drones flying about.\" width=\"985\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38013_tcl4-v3-qut.jpg 985w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38013_tcl4-v3-qut-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38013_tcl4-v3-qut-800x518.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist's rendering of Las Vegas, Nevada, with commercial delivery drones flying about. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As of now, in the U.S., FAA rules state that delivery-style drones must weigh less than 55 pounds and fly up to a ceiling of 400 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From my experience, if a drone is flying 400 feet above, you hardly hear it,\" Johnson said. \"Mountain View may say, 'OK, you can fly a drone, but it can’t be below 300 feet.' That type of constraint would be embedded into the system here. So that when somebody proposes flying at 200 feet, that plan is going to get rejected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens if a hacker gets into the system, or into the drones? Johnson professes to have a high degree of confidence that won't happen. \"We’re doing everything now that we’re required to. The companies themselves, it’s in their interest to keep their drones from being hijacked or fouled with,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Right now, they already are soliciting public feedback for rules for flying over people. It’s perhaps less than a decade, but more than a couple of years [away].'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Ron Johnson, project manager at NASA Ames","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when will you get a pizza delivered by drone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short answer: Not soon, even though the FAA has recently allowed a handful of companies to test drone delivery programs in urban and rural areas, and has even gone so far as to certify Alphabet's Wing Aviation to operate as an airline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While more than 50 countries belong to Joint Authorities for Rulemaking of Unmanned Systems, a final set of standards has yet to be agreed upon. Johnson anticipates other countries are looking to the U.S. to take the lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to say, \"We finish our major testing this summer. It will take us several months to document what we found and then the FAA gets into their processes. Right now, they already are soliciting public feedback for rules for flying over people. It’s perhaps less than a decade, but more than a couple of years [away].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That should give us all a little more time to get used to the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, NASA researchers on another team are developing a similar construct for what they call urban air mobility, or what we proverbially call air taxis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11759453/how-nasa-ames-is-helping-the-faa-brace-for-the-rise-of-delivery-drones","authors":["251"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_1758","news_24114","news_8","news_356","news_248"],"tags":["news_1611","news_17959","news_5647","news_19542","news_25520","news_93","news_565","news_2011","news_353"],"featImg":"news_11759482","label":"news_72"},"news_11738379":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11738379","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11738379","score":null,"sort":[1554976816000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"that-giant-structure-off-101-once-housed-a-flying-aircraft-carrier","title":"That Giant Structure Off 101 Once Housed a Flying Aircraft Carrier","publishDate":1554976816,"format":"standard","headTitle":"That Giant Structure Off 101 Once Housed a Flying Aircraft Carrier | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>If you’ve driven north on 101 through Mountain View, you really can’t miss Moffett Field. Seeing the giant open airfield is one thing — but what really grabs the eye is the larger-than-life birdcage-looking structure known as Hangar One.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> listener Laura Sneddon of Los Gatos has heard some stories about this spot over the years, and wrote \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> to ask, “What is Moffett Field used for? Is it a NASA research center, a military base, or an airfield for private use by tech companies like Google?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The short answer is: Yes! Moffett Federal Airfield is part NASA research center, part military base and part airfield for private use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the long answer is much more interesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Moffett Field Gets Its Start with the Navy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Back in 1930, the good citizens of Santa Clara County bought 1,000 acres of waterfront property in Mountain View and Sunnyvale, and then sold the land to the U.S. Navy for $1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The land was considered ideal to house the \u003cem>USS Macon\u003c/em>, part of the U.S. Navy’s rigid dirigible fleet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11738471\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11738471\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36436_Screen-Shot-2019-04-07-at-8.43.23-PM-qut-800x781.jpg\" alt=\"A view of Moffett Field from way up high.\" width=\"800\" height=\"781\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36436_Screen-Shot-2019-04-07-at-8.43.23-PM-qut-800x781.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36436_Screen-Shot-2019-04-07-at-8.43.23-PM-qut-160x156.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36436_Screen-Shot-2019-04-07-at-8.43.23-PM-qut-1020x996.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36436_Screen-Shot-2019-04-07-at-8.43.23-PM-qut-1200x1172.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36436_Screen-Shot-2019-04-07-at-8.43.23-PM-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36436_Screen-Shot-2019-04-07-at-8.43.23-PM-qut-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36436_Screen-Shot-2019-04-07-at-8.43.23-PM-qut.jpg 1452w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of Moffett Field from way up high. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A dirigible is steerable, inflatable aircraft, first developed in the mid-19th century in France and Germany. This category includes everything from balloons to blimps to the rigid dirigible, a massive wonder of design developed in the 1870s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you travel northbound on 101 in Mountain View, you’ll see to the east what looks like a giant empty birdcage on an airfield. That was the garage, if you will, where Naval Air Station Sunnyvale parked the USS Macon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11738453\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11738453\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36431_NH43901-enhanced-qut-800x621.jpg\" alt=\"The USS Macon flying over New York in 1933.\" width=\"800\" height=\"621\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36431_NH43901-enhanced-qut-800x621.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36431_NH43901-enhanced-qut-160x124.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36431_NH43901-enhanced-qut-1020x792.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36431_NH43901-enhanced-qut-1200x931.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36431_NH43901-enhanced-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The USS Macon flying over New York in 1933. \u003ccite>(U.S. Naval Historical Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Stubkjaer, curator of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.moffettfieldmuseum.org/about.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Moffett Field Historical Society Museum, \u003c/a>explains: “After World War I, the U.S. Navy was extremely concerned about Japanese expansion in the Pacific, and they wanted a way to scout. Well, there was no radar. There was no satellites, and if you wanted to know where the enemy fleet was, somebody had to go out and look for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to get your mind around how big the USS Macon and its like were, even though they show up in a number of movies, including Pixar’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.pixar.com/feature-films/up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Up.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaTKDdn939M]A rigid dirigible has an internal metal frame and inflatable bags of gas that can carry the giant way up into the atmosphere and help you see far over the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were used in World War I for scouting and even bombing attacks in Europe. The Navy commissioned six in the 1920s and ’30s, including the USS Macon, once called the “Queen of the Skies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“785 feet long. It was a flying aircraft carrier,” Stubkjaer says. “It had what was called a trapeze, which was basically an arm that could swing down, that would hold the aircraft until it was ready to fly off. And off it would go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it wanted to land, the frame would come down, the airplane would fly up, hook on and swing up into it. So it could hold four airplanes (Sparrowhawk biplanes, to be specific). And the idea was that the airship would take it out to the area they wanted to investigate and then send the airplanes in a search pattern to cover a great deal of distance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWoEQRl8dCs]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>But Rigid Dirigibles Had a Tendency to Die Young\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The USS Macon went down off the coast of Big Sur in 1935, when it ran into some bad weather. Two of its 83 crewmen died. “That basically ends the rigid airship program,” Stubkjaer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see what the team of \u003ca href=\"https://nautiluslive.org/ev-nautilus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Exploration Vehicle Nautilus\u003c/a> saw when they \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/Y1xi_3_wnlU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">explored the wreck\u003c/a> of the USS Macon on the ocean floor in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth noting the end of the Navy’s rigid dirigible program predates the horrific \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgWHbpMVQ1U\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hindenberg Disaster\u003c/a> in 1937, when the hydrogen-inflated German passenger airship LZ 129 Hindenburg caught fire and went up in flames while trying to dock in New Jersey. Thirty-six people died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. military’s rigid dirigible fleet flew using helium, not hydrogen, but the giant airships were delicate creatures. For a variety of reasons, nearly all of them crashed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11738473\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11738473 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Stubkjaer, curator of the Moffett Field Historical Society Museum, stands in front of a Vultee BT-13 Valiant and Hangar One. That hangar used to have a skin, but it was peeled off due to its toxicity. "From a visual perspective, it's more interesting without the skin, because you can see the intricacies of the internal structure," Stubkjaer says.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Stubkjaer, curator of the Moffett Field Historical Society Museum, stands in front of a Vultee BT-13 Valiant and Hangar One. That hangar used to have a skin, but it was peeled off due to its toxicity. “From a visual perspective, it’s more interesting without the skin, because you can see the intricacies of the internal structure,” Stubkjaer says. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Moffett saw a lot of military use in the decades that followed, including blimp patrols in WWII, but let’s fast forward to today, when this former naval air station is now owned and operated by the \u003ca href=\"https://history.arc.nasa.gov/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ames Research Center\u003c/a>, also known as NASA Ames. Scientists and engineers are working on a wide variety of projects related to manned and unmanned space travel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also rents out space to the California Air National Guard and other military units, as well as private outfits like \u003ca href=\"https://su.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Singularity University\u003c/a> and Google.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>So is Google Building a Modern Dirigible at Moffett?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That was the \u003ca href=\"https://gizmodo.com/googles-spending-1-billion-on-an-old-nasa-hangar-no-o-1657058955\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">buzz\u003c/a> a few years ago, and you could see why, given that a) NASA Ames \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/november/nasa-signs-lease-with-planetary-ventures-llc-for-use-of-moffett-airfield-and/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">leased Hangar One\u003c/a> and part of Moffett Field to Google subsidiary Planetary Ventures in 2014; and b) Hangar One is so big. Right? Why else would you want to lease that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a far-fetched idea. Dirigible development continues today \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OapLIy46zvs&app=desktop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">by the U.S. military, \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/c-0aYicv26M\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">for the U.S. military\u003c/a> and for \u003ca href=\"https://www.rdrnews.com/2017/08/23/venture-works-on-new-airship-technology-launching-of-structure-is-planned-before-the-end-of-2017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">private outfits\u003c/a>, too. There’s a lot of interest in what can be accomplished for science, business and national security at the edge of the earth’s atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, Google spokespeople I spoke with insist they are not working on dirigibles at Moffett. They are working on \u003cem>balloons\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11738454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11738454\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36432_20171018-5D3_2104-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Project Loon sends networks of stratospheric balloons up into the air: 60 to 70,000 feet up, above where airplanes fly, below where satellites orbit. Those balloons were developed at Moffett Field.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36432_20171018-5D3_2104-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36432_20171018-5D3_2104-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36432_20171018-5D3_2104-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36432_20171018-5D3_2104-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36432_20171018-5D3_2104-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Project Loon sends networks of stratospheric balloons into the air: 60,000 to 70,000 feet up, above where airplanes fly, below where satellites orbit. Those balloons were developed at Moffett Field. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Project Loon)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alphabet, Google’s parent company, owns a number of subsidiaries, including \u003ca href=\"https://loon.co\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Project Loon\u003c/a>, which employs a network of stratospheric balloons to deliver internet connectivity to far-flung places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do that with stratospheric balloons,” says operations program manager Nick Kohli, who also likes to call himself Loon’s “global balloon concierge.” Basically, he organizes balloon launches, keeping them up in the air, and then collecting them when they come down to earth, often more than 100 days after they first launch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up in “near space,” he explains, above where airplanes fly, below where satellites orbit, the atmosphere is thin. There, the helium inside Loon’s polyethylene balloons expands, and the balloons, which look like jellyfish at ground level, expand to the size of “two tennis courts, laid end to end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moffett’s Hangar Two, one of three giant hangars on the property, was a handy place to conduct early tests. “It’s a nice, big space that you can shield from the wind and so that you can inflate these balloons to full size, to be able to see how they take shape, just as if we were in the stratosphere,” Kohli says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The airfield is pretty handy, too. “Moffett’s one of the longest open runways that’s around. It was designed for huge aircraft. You really have to struggle to find places where you can see line of sight for that long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Giant airships that served as flying aircraft carriers were once housed at Moffett Field's Hangar One. These days, it's a hub for research and development.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700591342,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1347},"headData":{"title":"That Giant Structure Off 101 Once Housed a Flying Aircraft Carrier | KQED","description":"Giant airships that served as flying aircraft carriers were once housed at Moffett Field's Hangar One. These days, it's a hub for research and development.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"That Giant Structure Off 101 Once Housed a Flying Aircraft Carrier","datePublished":"2019-04-11T10:00:16.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-21T18:29:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious","audioTrackLength":538,"path":"/news/11738379/that-giant-structure-off-101-once-housed-a-flying-aircraft-carrier","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/new-bay-curious/2019/04/MoffettField.mp3","audioDuration":538000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’ve driven north on 101 through Mountain View, you really can’t miss Moffett Field. Seeing the giant open airfield is one thing — but what really grabs the eye is the larger-than-life birdcage-looking structure known as Hangar One.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> listener Laura Sneddon of Los Gatos has heard some stories about this spot over the years, and wrote \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> to ask, “What is Moffett Field used for? Is it a NASA research center, a military base, or an airfield for private use by tech companies like Google?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The short answer is: Yes! Moffett Federal Airfield is part NASA research center, part military base and part airfield for private use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the long answer is much more interesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Moffett Field Gets Its Start with the Navy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Back in 1930, the good citizens of Santa Clara County bought 1,000 acres of waterfront property in Mountain View and Sunnyvale, and then sold the land to the U.S. Navy for $1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The land was considered ideal to house the \u003cem>USS Macon\u003c/em>, part of the U.S. Navy’s rigid dirigible fleet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11738471\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11738471\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36436_Screen-Shot-2019-04-07-at-8.43.23-PM-qut-800x781.jpg\" alt=\"A view of Moffett Field from way up high.\" width=\"800\" height=\"781\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36436_Screen-Shot-2019-04-07-at-8.43.23-PM-qut-800x781.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36436_Screen-Shot-2019-04-07-at-8.43.23-PM-qut-160x156.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36436_Screen-Shot-2019-04-07-at-8.43.23-PM-qut-1020x996.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36436_Screen-Shot-2019-04-07-at-8.43.23-PM-qut-1200x1172.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36436_Screen-Shot-2019-04-07-at-8.43.23-PM-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36436_Screen-Shot-2019-04-07-at-8.43.23-PM-qut-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36436_Screen-Shot-2019-04-07-at-8.43.23-PM-qut.jpg 1452w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of Moffett Field from way up high. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A dirigible is steerable, inflatable aircraft, first developed in the mid-19th century in France and Germany. This category includes everything from balloons to blimps to the rigid dirigible, a massive wonder of design developed in the 1870s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you travel northbound on 101 in Mountain View, you’ll see to the east what looks like a giant empty birdcage on an airfield. That was the garage, if you will, where Naval Air Station Sunnyvale parked the USS Macon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11738453\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11738453\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36431_NH43901-enhanced-qut-800x621.jpg\" alt=\"The USS Macon flying over New York in 1933.\" width=\"800\" height=\"621\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36431_NH43901-enhanced-qut-800x621.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36431_NH43901-enhanced-qut-160x124.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36431_NH43901-enhanced-qut-1020x792.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36431_NH43901-enhanced-qut-1200x931.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36431_NH43901-enhanced-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The USS Macon flying over New York in 1933. \u003ccite>(U.S. Naval Historical Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Stubkjaer, curator of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.moffettfieldmuseum.org/about.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Moffett Field Historical Society Museum, \u003c/a>explains: “After World War I, the U.S. Navy was extremely concerned about Japanese expansion in the Pacific, and they wanted a way to scout. Well, there was no radar. There was no satellites, and if you wanted to know where the enemy fleet was, somebody had to go out and look for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to get your mind around how big the USS Macon and its like were, even though they show up in a number of movies, including Pixar’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.pixar.com/feature-films/up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Up.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/DaTKDdn939M'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/DaTKDdn939M'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>A rigid dirigible has an internal metal frame and inflatable bags of gas that can carry the giant way up into the atmosphere and help you see far over the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were used in World War I for scouting and even bombing attacks in Europe. The Navy commissioned six in the 1920s and ’30s, including the USS Macon, once called the “Queen of the Skies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“785 feet long. It was a flying aircraft carrier,” Stubkjaer says. “It had what was called a trapeze, which was basically an arm that could swing down, that would hold the aircraft until it was ready to fly off. And off it would go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it wanted to land, the frame would come down, the airplane would fly up, hook on and swing up into it. So it could hold four airplanes (Sparrowhawk biplanes, to be specific). And the idea was that the airship would take it out to the area they wanted to investigate and then send the airplanes in a search pattern to cover a great deal of distance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/IWoEQRl8dCs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/IWoEQRl8dCs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>But Rigid Dirigibles Had a Tendency to Die Young\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The USS Macon went down off the coast of Big Sur in 1935, when it ran into some bad weather. Two of its 83 crewmen died. “That basically ends the rigid airship program,” Stubkjaer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see what the team of \u003ca href=\"https://nautiluslive.org/ev-nautilus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Exploration Vehicle Nautilus\u003c/a> saw when they \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/Y1xi_3_wnlU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">explored the wreck\u003c/a> of the USS Macon on the ocean floor in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth noting the end of the Navy’s rigid dirigible program predates the horrific \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgWHbpMVQ1U\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hindenberg Disaster\u003c/a> in 1937, when the hydrogen-inflated German passenger airship LZ 129 Hindenburg caught fire and went up in flames while trying to dock in New Jersey. Thirty-six people died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. military’s rigid dirigible fleet flew using helium, not hydrogen, but the giant airships were delicate creatures. For a variety of reasons, nearly all of them crashed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11738473\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11738473 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Stubkjaer, curator of the Moffett Field Historical Society Museum, stands in front of a Vultee BT-13 Valiant and Hangar One. That hangar used to have a skin, but it was peeled off due to its toxicity. "From a visual perspective, it's more interesting without the skin, because you can see the intricacies of the internal structure," Stubkjaer says.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36437_IMG_4523-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Stubkjaer, curator of the Moffett Field Historical Society Museum, stands in front of a Vultee BT-13 Valiant and Hangar One. That hangar used to have a skin, but it was peeled off due to its toxicity. “From a visual perspective, it’s more interesting without the skin, because you can see the intricacies of the internal structure,” Stubkjaer says. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Moffett saw a lot of military use in the decades that followed, including blimp patrols in WWII, but let’s fast forward to today, when this former naval air station is now owned and operated by the \u003ca href=\"https://history.arc.nasa.gov/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ames Research Center\u003c/a>, also known as NASA Ames. Scientists and engineers are working on a wide variety of projects related to manned and unmanned space travel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also rents out space to the California Air National Guard and other military units, as well as private outfits like \u003ca href=\"https://su.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Singularity University\u003c/a> and Google.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>So is Google Building a Modern Dirigible at Moffett?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That was the \u003ca href=\"https://gizmodo.com/googles-spending-1-billion-on-an-old-nasa-hangar-no-o-1657058955\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">buzz\u003c/a> a few years ago, and you could see why, given that a) NASA Ames \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/november/nasa-signs-lease-with-planetary-ventures-llc-for-use-of-moffett-airfield-and/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">leased Hangar One\u003c/a> and part of Moffett Field to Google subsidiary Planetary Ventures in 2014; and b) Hangar One is so big. Right? Why else would you want to lease that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a far-fetched idea. Dirigible development continues today \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OapLIy46zvs&app=desktop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">by the U.S. military, \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/c-0aYicv26M\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">for the U.S. military\u003c/a> and for \u003ca href=\"https://www.rdrnews.com/2017/08/23/venture-works-on-new-airship-technology-launching-of-structure-is-planned-before-the-end-of-2017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">private outfits\u003c/a>, too. There’s a lot of interest in what can be accomplished for science, business and national security at the edge of the earth’s atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, Google spokespeople I spoke with insist they are not working on dirigibles at Moffett. They are working on \u003cem>balloons\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11738454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11738454\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36432_20171018-5D3_2104-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Project Loon sends networks of stratospheric balloons up into the air: 60 to 70,000 feet up, above where airplanes fly, below where satellites orbit. Those balloons were developed at Moffett Field.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36432_20171018-5D3_2104-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36432_20171018-5D3_2104-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36432_20171018-5D3_2104-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36432_20171018-5D3_2104-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36432_20171018-5D3_2104-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Project Loon sends networks of stratospheric balloons into the air: 60,000 to 70,000 feet up, above where airplanes fly, below where satellites orbit. Those balloons were developed at Moffett Field. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Project Loon)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alphabet, Google’s parent company, owns a number of subsidiaries, including \u003ca href=\"https://loon.co\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Project Loon\u003c/a>, which employs a network of stratospheric balloons to deliver internet connectivity to far-flung places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do that with stratospheric balloons,” says operations program manager Nick Kohli, who also likes to call himself Loon’s “global balloon concierge.” Basically, he organizes balloon launches, keeping them up in the air, and then collecting them when they come down to earth, often more than 100 days after they first launch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up in “near space,” he explains, above where airplanes fly, below where satellites orbit, the atmosphere is thin. There, the helium inside Loon’s polyethylene balloons expands, and the balloons, which look like jellyfish at ground level, expand to the size of “two tennis courts, laid end to end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moffett’s Hangar Two, one of three giant hangars on the property, was a handy place to conduct early tests. “It’s a nice, big space that you can shield from the wind and so that you can inflate these balloons to full size, to be able to see how they take shape, just as if we were in the stratosphere,” Kohli says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The airfield is pretty handy, too. “Moffett’s one of the longest open runways that’s around. It was designed for huge aircraft. You really have to struggle to find places where you can see line of sight for that long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11738379/that-giant-structure-off-101-once-housed-a-flying-aircraft-carrier","authors":["251"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_8","news_33520","news_356"],"tags":["news_18426","news_24374","news_93","news_565","news_2011","news_353","news_24499","news_23120"],"featImg":"news_11738543","label":"source_news_11738379"},"news_72253":{"type":"posts","id":"news_72253","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"72253","score":null,"sort":[1344267059000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nasa-rover-curiosity-lands-on-mars","title":"NASA Rover Curiosity Lands on Mars","publishDate":1344267059,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>by Alicia Chang\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PASADENA, Calif. (AP) — In a show of technological wizardry, the robotic explorer Curiosity blazed through the pink skies of Mars, steering itself to a gentle landing inside a giant crater for the most ambitious dig yet into the red planet's past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheers and applause echoed through the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory late Sunday after the most high-tech interplanetary rover ever built signaled it had survived a harrowing plunge through the thin Mars atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Touchdown confirmed,\" said engineer Allen Chen. \"We're safe on Mars.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minutes after the landing signal reached Earth at 10:32 p.m. PDT, Curiosity beamed back the first black-and-white pictures from inside the crater showing its wheel and its shadow, cast by the afternoon sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We landed in a nice flat spot. Beautiful, really beautiful,\" said engineer Adam Steltzner, who led the team that devised the tricky landing routine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was NASA's seventh landing on Earth's neighbor; many other attempts by the U.S. and other countries to zip past, circle or set down on Mars have gone awry.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrival was an engineering tour de force, debuting never-before-tried acrobatics packed into \"seven minutes of terror\" as Curiosity sliced through the Martian atmosphere at 13,000 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Hollywood-style finish, cables delicately lowered the rover to the ground at a snail-paced 2 mph. A video camera was set to capture the most dramatic moments — which would give Earthlings their first glimpse of a touchdown on another world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Celebrations by the mission team were so joyous over the next hour that JPL Director Charles Elachi had to plead for calm in order to hold a post-landing press conference. He compared the team to athletic teams that participate in the Olympics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This team came back with the gold,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extraterrestrial feat injected a much-needed boost to NASA, which is debating whether it can afford another robotic Mars landing this decade. At a budget-busting $2.5 billion, Curiosity is the priciest gamble yet, which scientists hope will pay off with a bonanza of discoveries and pave the way for astronaut landings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The wheels of Curiosity have begun to blaze the trail for human footprints on Mars,\" said NASA chief Charles Bolden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Barack Obama lauded the landing in a statement, calling it \"an unprecedented feat of technology that will stand as a point of national pride far into the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next two years, Curiosity will drive over to a mountain rising from the crater floor, poke into rocks and scoop up rust-tinted soil to see if the region ever had the right environment for microscopic organisms to thrive. It's the latest chapter in the long-running quest to find out whether primitive life arose early in the planet's history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The voyage to Mars took more than eight months and spanned 352 million miles. The trickiest part of the journey? The landing. Because Curiosity weighs nearly a ton, engineers drummed up a new and more controlled way to set the rover down. The last Mars rovers, twins Spirit and Opportunity, were cocooned in air bags and bounced to a stop in 2004.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity relied on a series of braking tricks, similar to those used by the space shuttle, a heat shield and a supersonic parachute to slow down as it punched through the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a new twist, engineers came up with a way to lower the rover by cable from a hovering rocket-powered backpack. At touchdown, the cords cut and the rocket stage crashed a distance away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nuclear-powered Curiosity, the size of a small car, is packed with scientific tools, cameras and a weather station. It sports a robotic arm with a power drill, a laser that can zap distant rocks, a chemistry lab to sniff for the chemical building blocks of life and a detector to measure dangerous radiation on the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also tracked radiation levels during the journey to help NASA better understand the risks astronauts could face on a future manned trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next several days, Curiosity is expected to send back the first color pictures. After several weeks of health checkups, the six-wheel rover could take its first short drive and flex its robotic arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landing site near Mars' equator was picked because there are signs of past water everywhere, meeting one of the requirements for life as we know it. Inside Gale Crater is a 3-mile-high mountain, and images from space show the base appears rich in minerals that formed in the presence of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous trips to Mars have uncovered ice near the Martian north pole and evidence that water once flowed when the planet was wetter and toastier unlike today's harsh, frigid desert environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity's goal: to scour for basic ingredients essential for life including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur and oxygen. It's not equipped to search for living or fossil microorganisms. To get a definitive answer, a future mission needs to fly Martian rocks and soil back to Earth to be examined by powerful laboratories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mission comes as NASA retools its Mars exploration strategy. Faced with tough economic times, the space agency pulled out of partnership with the European Space Agency to land a rock-collecting rover in 2018. The Europeans have since teamed with the Russians as NASA decides on a new roadmap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Mars' reputation as a spacecraft graveyard, humans continue their love affair with the planet, lobbing spacecraft in search of clues about its early history. Out of more than three dozen attempts — flybys, orbiters and landings — by the U.S., Soviet Union, Europe and Japan since the 1960s, more than half have ended disastrously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One NASA rover that defied expectations is Opportunity, which is still busy wheeling around the rim of a crater in the Martian southern hemisphere eight years later.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1344285469,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":997},"headData":{"title":"NASA Rover Curiosity Lands on Mars | KQED","description":"by Alicia Chang PASADENA, Calif. (AP) — In a show of technological wizardry, the robotic explorer Curiosity blazed through the pink skies of Mars, steering itself to a gentle landing inside a giant crater for the most ambitious dig yet into the red planet's past. Cheers and applause echoed through the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"NASA Rover Curiosity Lands on Mars","datePublished":"2012-08-06T15:30:59.000Z","dateModified":"2012-08-06T20:37:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"72253 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=72253","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/08/06/nasa-rover-curiosity-lands-on-mars/","disqusTitle":"NASA Rover Curiosity Lands on Mars","path":"/news/72253/nasa-rover-curiosity-lands-on-mars","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>by Alicia Chang\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PASADENA, Calif. (AP) — In a show of technological wizardry, the robotic explorer Curiosity blazed through the pink skies of Mars, steering itself to a gentle landing inside a giant crater for the most ambitious dig yet into the red planet's past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheers and applause echoed through the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory late Sunday after the most high-tech interplanetary rover ever built signaled it had survived a harrowing plunge through the thin Mars atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Touchdown confirmed,\" said engineer Allen Chen. \"We're safe on Mars.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minutes after the landing signal reached Earth at 10:32 p.m. PDT, Curiosity beamed back the first black-and-white pictures from inside the crater showing its wheel and its shadow, cast by the afternoon sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We landed in a nice flat spot. Beautiful, really beautiful,\" said engineer Adam Steltzner, who led the team that devised the tricky landing routine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was NASA's seventh landing on Earth's neighbor; many other attempts by the U.S. and other countries to zip past, circle or set down on Mars have gone awry.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrival was an engineering tour de force, debuting never-before-tried acrobatics packed into \"seven minutes of terror\" as Curiosity sliced through the Martian atmosphere at 13,000 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Hollywood-style finish, cables delicately lowered the rover to the ground at a snail-paced 2 mph. A video camera was set to capture the most dramatic moments — which would give Earthlings their first glimpse of a touchdown on another world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Celebrations by the mission team were so joyous over the next hour that JPL Director Charles Elachi had to plead for calm in order to hold a post-landing press conference. He compared the team to athletic teams that participate in the Olympics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This team came back with the gold,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extraterrestrial feat injected a much-needed boost to NASA, which is debating whether it can afford another robotic Mars landing this decade. At a budget-busting $2.5 billion, Curiosity is the priciest gamble yet, which scientists hope will pay off with a bonanza of discoveries and pave the way for astronaut landings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The wheels of Curiosity have begun to blaze the trail for human footprints on Mars,\" said NASA chief Charles Bolden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Barack Obama lauded the landing in a statement, calling it \"an unprecedented feat of technology that will stand as a point of national pride far into the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next two years, Curiosity will drive over to a mountain rising from the crater floor, poke into rocks and scoop up rust-tinted soil to see if the region ever had the right environment for microscopic organisms to thrive. It's the latest chapter in the long-running quest to find out whether primitive life arose early in the planet's history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The voyage to Mars took more than eight months and spanned 352 million miles. The trickiest part of the journey? The landing. Because Curiosity weighs nearly a ton, engineers drummed up a new and more controlled way to set the rover down. The last Mars rovers, twins Spirit and Opportunity, were cocooned in air bags and bounced to a stop in 2004.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity relied on a series of braking tricks, similar to those used by the space shuttle, a heat shield and a supersonic parachute to slow down as it punched through the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a new twist, engineers came up with a way to lower the rover by cable from a hovering rocket-powered backpack. At touchdown, the cords cut and the rocket stage crashed a distance away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nuclear-powered Curiosity, the size of a small car, is packed with scientific tools, cameras and a weather station. It sports a robotic arm with a power drill, a laser that can zap distant rocks, a chemistry lab to sniff for the chemical building blocks of life and a detector to measure dangerous radiation on the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also tracked radiation levels during the journey to help NASA better understand the risks astronauts could face on a future manned trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next several days, Curiosity is expected to send back the first color pictures. After several weeks of health checkups, the six-wheel rover could take its first short drive and flex its robotic arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landing site near Mars' equator was picked because there are signs of past water everywhere, meeting one of the requirements for life as we know it. Inside Gale Crater is a 3-mile-high mountain, and images from space show the base appears rich in minerals that formed in the presence of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous trips to Mars have uncovered ice near the Martian north pole and evidence that water once flowed when the planet was wetter and toastier unlike today's harsh, frigid desert environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity's goal: to scour for basic ingredients essential for life including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur and oxygen. It's not equipped to search for living or fossil microorganisms. To get a definitive answer, a future mission needs to fly Martian rocks and soil back to Earth to be examined by powerful laboratories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mission comes as NASA retools its Mars exploration strategy. Faced with tough economic times, the space agency pulled out of partnership with the European Space Agency to land a rock-collecting rover in 2018. The Europeans have since teamed with the Russians as NASA decides on a new roadmap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Mars' reputation as a spacecraft graveyard, humans continue their love affair with the planet, lobbing spacecraft in search of clues about its early history. Out of more than three dozen attempts — flybys, orbiters and landings — by the U.S., Soviet Union, Europe and Japan since the 1960s, more than half have ended disastrously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One NASA rover that defied expectations is Opportunity, which is still busy wheeling around the rim of a crater in the Martian southern hemisphere eight years later.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/72253/nasa-rover-curiosity-lands-on-mars","authors":["237"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_356","news_248"],"tags":["news_2762","news_2881","news_355","news_565"],"label":"news_6944"},"news_48237":{"type":"posts","id":"news_48237","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"48237","score":null,"sort":[1322073091000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nasa%e2%80%99s-new-mars-curiosity-rover-launching-saturday","title":"NASA’s New Mars \"Curiosity\" Rover Launching Saturday","publishDate":1322073091,"format":"aside","headTitle":"NASA’s New Mars “Curiosity” Rover Launching Saturday | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48240\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/11/Curiosity-RoverSM2.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/11/Curiosity-RoverSM2-300x177.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Curiosity-RoverSM\" width=\"300\" height=\"177\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-48242\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Curiosity at Work on Mars (Artist's Concept) This artist's concept depicts the rover Curiosity, of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission, as it uses its Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam) instrument to investigate the composition of a rock surface.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NASA’s newest astrobiology mission to Mars called the \u003ca href=\"http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/\">Mars Science Laboratory\u003c/a> (MSL) is set to launch from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida on Saturday, November 26th. The one hour and 43 minute launch window opens at 10:02 a.m. EST. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been more than eight years since NASA has sent a rover to explore Mars. And although both of the rovers from 2003’s Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) Mission, called Spirit and Opportunity, transmitted valuable data long after they were expected to expire, the newest rover, Curiosity, will be able to collect data far beyond the scope of any past mission. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity is a car-sized rover which will search areas of Mars for past or present conditions favorable for life, and conditions capable of preserving a record of life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity consists of 10 instrument-based science experiments including a geology lab, a rock-vaporizing laser, a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer and several special cameras. Curiosity will use the laser to look inside rocks and release their gasses so its spectrometer can analyze and send the data back to Earth. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After launch, the spacecraft will travel approximately 354 million miles, landing on Mars in early August 2012. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once Curiosity starts working on Mars, an international team of scientists and engineers will make daily decisions about the rover’s activities for the following day. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., builder of the MSL, has engineered Curiosity to roll over obstacles up to 25 inches high and to travel up to about 660 feet per day on Martian terrain. Curiosity’s primary mission will last one Mars year (98 weeks). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California contributed to the design and engineering of several elements of the new rover. Ames scientist David Blake is the principal investigator for one of the main instruments called \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/instruments/spectrometers/chemin/\">CheMin\u003c/a>, an X-ray diffraction and fluorescence instrument designed to identify and quantify the minerals in rocks and soils, and to measure bulk composition. CheMin data will be useful in the search for potential mineral biosignatures, energy sources for life or indicators of past habitable environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, Nov. 26, NASA TV coverage of the launch will begin at 4:30 a.m. PST. Recorded launch status reports will be available starting Nov. 21 on the Kennedy Space Center media phone line, 1- 321-867-2525. Extensive prelaunch and launch day coverage of the liftoff of the Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft aboard an Atlas V rocket will be available on \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov\">NASA’s home page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tech specs and facts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mission name: Mars Science Laboratory\u003cbr>\nRover name: Curiosity rover\u003cbr>\nSize: 10 feet long (not including the arm), 9 feet wide and 7 feet tall\u003cbr>\nWeight: 900 kilograms (2,000 pounds)\u003cbr>\nLaunch: Between Nov. 25–Dec. 18, 2011, from Cape Canaveral, Florida\u003cbr>\nArrival: August 2012 at Mars Gale crater\u003cbr>\nTotal distance of travel, Earth to Mars: About 354 million miles\u003cbr>\nLength of mission on Mars: One Mars year or about 23 Earth months\u003cbr>\nCost: $2.5 billion\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is the QUEST TV segment \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/searching-for-life-on-mars/\">Searching for Life on Mars\u003c/a>, from May. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Amy Miller is a producer for KQED’s QUEST television series.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1685490786,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":581},"headData":{"title":"NASA’s New Mars \"Curiosity\" Rover Launching Saturday | KQED","description":"NASA’s newest astrobiology mission to Mars called the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is set to launch from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida on Saturday, November 26th. The one hour and 43 minute launch window opens at 10:02 a.m. EST. It’s been more than eight years since NASA has sent a rover to explore","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"NASA’s New Mars \"Curiosity\" Rover Launching Saturday","datePublished":"2011-11-23T18:31:31.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-30T23:53:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/48237/nasa%e2%80%99s-new-mars-curiosity-rover-launching-saturday","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48240\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/11/Curiosity-RoverSM2.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/11/Curiosity-RoverSM2-300x177.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Curiosity-RoverSM\" width=\"300\" height=\"177\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-48242\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Curiosity at Work on Mars (Artist's Concept) This artist's concept depicts the rover Curiosity, of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission, as it uses its Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam) instrument to investigate the composition of a rock surface.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NASA’s newest astrobiology mission to Mars called the \u003ca href=\"http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/\">Mars Science Laboratory\u003c/a> (MSL) is set to launch from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida on Saturday, November 26th. The one hour and 43 minute launch window opens at 10:02 a.m. EST. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been more than eight years since NASA has sent a rover to explore Mars. And although both of the rovers from 2003’s Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) Mission, called Spirit and Opportunity, transmitted valuable data long after they were expected to expire, the newest rover, Curiosity, will be able to collect data far beyond the scope of any past mission. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity is a car-sized rover which will search areas of Mars for past or present conditions favorable for life, and conditions capable of preserving a record of life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity consists of 10 instrument-based science experiments including a geology lab, a rock-vaporizing laser, a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer and several special cameras. Curiosity will use the laser to look inside rocks and release their gasses so its spectrometer can analyze and send the data back to Earth. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After launch, the spacecraft will travel approximately 354 million miles, landing on Mars in early August 2012. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once Curiosity starts working on Mars, an international team of scientists and engineers will make daily decisions about the rover’s activities for the following day. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., builder of the MSL, has engineered Curiosity to roll over obstacles up to 25 inches high and to travel up to about 660 feet per day on Martian terrain. Curiosity’s primary mission will last one Mars year (98 weeks). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California contributed to the design and engineering of several elements of the new rover. Ames scientist David Blake is the principal investigator for one of the main instruments called \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/instruments/spectrometers/chemin/\">CheMin\u003c/a>, an X-ray diffraction and fluorescence instrument designed to identify and quantify the minerals in rocks and soils, and to measure bulk composition. CheMin data will be useful in the search for potential mineral biosignatures, energy sources for life or indicators of past habitable environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, Nov. 26, NASA TV coverage of the launch will begin at 4:30 a.m. PST. Recorded launch status reports will be available starting Nov. 21 on the Kennedy Space Center media phone line, 1- 321-867-2525. Extensive prelaunch and launch day coverage of the liftoff of the Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft aboard an Atlas V rocket will be available on \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov\">NASA’s home page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tech specs and facts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mission name: Mars Science Laboratory\u003cbr>\nRover name: Curiosity rover\u003cbr>\nSize: 10 feet long (not including the arm), 9 feet wide and 7 feet tall\u003cbr>\nWeight: 900 kilograms (2,000 pounds)\u003cbr>\nLaunch: Between Nov. 25–Dec. 18, 2011, from Cape Canaveral, Florida\u003cbr>\nArrival: August 2012 at Mars Gale crater\u003cbr>\nTotal distance of travel, Earth to Mars: About 354 million miles\u003cbr>\nLength of mission on Mars: One Mars year or about 23 Earth months\u003cbr>\nCost: $2.5 billion\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is the QUEST TV segment \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/searching-for-life-on-mars/\">Searching for Life on Mars\u003c/a>, from May. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Amy Miller is a producer for KQED’s QUEST television series.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/48237/nasa%e2%80%99s-new-mars-curiosity-rover-launching-saturday","authors":["209"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_356"],"tags":["news_355","news_565","news_1956"],"label":"news_6944"},"news_36179":{"type":"posts","id":"news_36179","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"36179","score":null,"sort":[1312480698000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nasa-mars-announcement","title":"NASA Announces Evidence of Possible Flowing Water on Mars; Images, Narrated Presentation","publishDate":1312480698,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Update 11:45 a.m.\u003c/em>: Today's NASA announcement concerned evidence of \"possible flowing water during the warmest months of Mars.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36216\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 226px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/MRO/multimedia/pia14472.html\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/08/nasamarswater1.gif\" alt=\"\" title=\"nasamarswater\" width=\"226\" height=\"170\" class=\"size-full wp-image-36216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Series of images researchers say shows warm-season features that might be evidence of current salty liquid water active on Mars. Click for larger image. (Photo: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Read the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/aug/HQ_11-245_Mars_Water.html\">NASA press release\u003c/a> here. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings were published in today's edition of the journal Science. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.news.yahoo.com/mystery-lines-mars-carved-water-study-suggests-180802444.html\">Space.com\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/08/is-mars-weeping-salty-tears.html\">ScienceNOW\u003c/a> have reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can watch a \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/multimedia/videos/movies/mro20110804/mro20110804-320.mp4\">\u003cstrong>narrated presentation of a set of images\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> taken by the \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/\">Mars Reconnaisance Orbiter\u003c/a> that the research team says shows geological changes across seasons, indicating current flowing water on the planet. (Click here for \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/multimedia/videoarchive/\">different file formats\u003c/a>.)\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nNASA has announced a news briefing, available to the media at \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/home/index.html\">Ames Research Center\u003c/a> at Moffett Field, and to everyone else via the web. The space agency says it will announce a \"significant new Mars science finding...based on observations from NASA's \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/\">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u003c/a> (MRO), which has been orbiting the Red Planet since 2006.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003cstrong>watch the announcement live now\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"//www.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasatv/index.html\">NASA TV\u003c/a> and at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ustream.tv/nasajpl2\">US Stream\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1312487009,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":191},"headData":{"title":"NASA Announces Evidence of Possible Flowing Water on Mars; Images, Narrated Presentation | KQED","description":"Update 11:45 a.m.: Today's NASA announcement concerned evidence of "possible flowing water during the warmest months of Mars." Read the NASA press release here. The findings were published in today's edition of the journal Science. Space.com and ScienceNOW have reports. You can watch a narrated presentation of a set of images taken by the Mars","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"NASA Announces Evidence of Possible Flowing Water on Mars; Images, Narrated Presentation","datePublished":"2011-08-04T17:58:18.000Z","dateModified":"2011-08-04T19:43:29.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"36179 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=36179","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/08/04/nasa-mars-announcement/","disqusTitle":"NASA Announces Evidence of Possible Flowing Water on Mars; Images, Narrated Presentation","path":"/news/36179/nasa-mars-announcement","audioUrl":"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/multimedia/videos/movies/mro20110804/mro20110804-320.mp4","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Update 11:45 a.m.\u003c/em>: Today's NASA announcement concerned evidence of \"possible flowing water during the warmest months of Mars.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36216\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 226px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/MRO/multimedia/pia14472.html\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/08/nasamarswater1.gif\" alt=\"\" title=\"nasamarswater\" width=\"226\" height=\"170\" class=\"size-full wp-image-36216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Series of images researchers say shows warm-season features that might be evidence of current salty liquid water active on Mars. Click for larger image. (Photo: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Read the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/aug/HQ_11-245_Mars_Water.html\">NASA press release\u003c/a> here. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings were published in today's edition of the journal Science. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.news.yahoo.com/mystery-lines-mars-carved-water-study-suggests-180802444.html\">Space.com\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/08/is-mars-weeping-salty-tears.html\">ScienceNOW\u003c/a> have reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can watch a \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/multimedia/videos/movies/mro20110804/mro20110804-320.mp4\">\u003cstrong>narrated presentation of a set of images\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> taken by the \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/\">Mars Reconnaisance Orbiter\u003c/a> that the research team says shows geological changes across seasons, indicating current flowing water on the planet. (Click here for \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/multimedia/videoarchive/\">different file formats\u003c/a>.)\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nNASA has announced a news briefing, available to the media at \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/home/index.html\">Ames Research Center\u003c/a> at Moffett Field, and to everyone else via the web. The space agency says it will announce a \"significant new Mars science finding...based on observations from NASA's \u003ca href=\"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/\">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u003c/a> (MRO), which has been orbiting the Red Planet since 2006.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003cstrong>watch the announcement live now\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"//www.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasatv/index.html\">NASA TV\u003c/a> and at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ustream.tv/nasajpl2\">US Stream\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/36179/nasa-mars-announcement","authors":["80"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_356"],"tags":["news_1747","news_565"],"label":"news_6944"},"news_36074":{"type":"posts","id":"news_36074","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"36074","score":null,"sort":[1312392602000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nasa-and-google-team-up-for-zero-emissions-flight-contest","title":"NASA and Google Team Up for Zero-Emissions Flight Contest","publishDate":1312392602,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Google’s made all kinds of headlines with its investments in clean energy recently: \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/06/14/google-invests-millions-in-residential-solar/\">$280 million\u003c/a> for a California residential solar company, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/05/24/google-writing-more-checks-for-renewable-energy/\">$55 million\u003c/a> for a wind project in Kern County, \u003ca href=\"http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/19/google-to-invest-in-geothermal/\">more than $10 million\u003c/a> for geothermal R&D projects, and $168 million for a massive solar farm in the California desert, just to name a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36078\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 304px\">\u003ca href=\"http://cafefoundation.org/v2/gfc_main.php\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/08/green-flight-challenge.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"green-flight-challenge\" width=\"304\" height=\"123\" class=\"size-full wp-image-36078\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: Cafe Foundation\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A new move by the company seeks to address another kind of energy challenge: airplane fuel. The company has teamed up with NASA to sponsor the \u003ca href=\"http://cafefoundation.org/v2/gfc_main.php\">\u003cstrong>Green Flight Challenge\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, a competition to develop emissions-free aircraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge? Build a plane that can fly at least 100 miles per hour and achieve the equivalent energy efficiency of 200 miles per gallon of fuel on a 200-mile flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://cafefoundation.org/v2/gfc_main.php\">\u003cstrong>Thirteen teams\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> will be competing for $1.65 million in prizes, funded by NASA, including a $1.3 million grand prize. The competition will be held between September 25 and October 2 at Charles M. Schulz Sonoma County Airport, and is being organized by the CAFE Foundation, a non-profit devoted to aviation technology. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the CAFE Foundation press release:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp> The electric aircraft in the competition will demonstrate for the first time that practical, emission-free cross-country flight is possible. Their batteries will be recharged using clean geo-thermal based electricity from The Geysers geo-thermal fields in the Mayacama Mountains North of Santa Rosa. This recharging will occur at the CAFE Flight Test Center’s first-ever Electric Aircraft Charging Station sponsored by Google.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The public will have a chance to check out all of the competing aircraft at Moffett Field–NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View on October 3, 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Airplanes account for about three percent of the United States’ total greenhouse emissions, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, and, according to the Federal Aviation Administration, greenhouse gas emissions from domestic aircraft are expected to increase 60 percent by 2025 and worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide from aircraft engines will more than triple by mid-century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Gretchen Weber is the Multimedia Producer of \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/\">Climate Watch\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1312392796,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":354},"headData":{"title":"NASA and Google Team Up for Zero-Emissions Flight Contest | KQED","description":"Google’s made all kinds of headlines with its investments in clean energy recently: $280 million for a California residential solar company, $55 million for a wind project in Kern County, more than $10 million for geothermal R&D projects, and $168 million for a massive solar farm in the California desert, just to name a few.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"NASA and Google Team Up for Zero-Emissions Flight Contest","datePublished":"2011-08-03T17:30:02.000Z","dateModified":"2011-08-03T17:33:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"36074 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=36074","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/08/03/nasa-and-google-team-up-for-zero-emissions-flight-contest/","disqusTitle":"NASA and Google Team Up for Zero-Emissions Flight Contest","path":"/news/36074/nasa-and-google-team-up-for-zero-emissions-flight-contest","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Google’s made all kinds of headlines with its investments in clean energy recently: \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/06/14/google-invests-millions-in-residential-solar/\">$280 million\u003c/a> for a California residential solar company, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/05/24/google-writing-more-checks-for-renewable-energy/\">$55 million\u003c/a> for a wind project in Kern County, \u003ca href=\"http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/19/google-to-invest-in-geothermal/\">more than $10 million\u003c/a> for geothermal R&D projects, and $168 million for a massive solar farm in the California desert, just to name a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36078\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 304px\">\u003ca href=\"http://cafefoundation.org/v2/gfc_main.php\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/08/green-flight-challenge.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"green-flight-challenge\" width=\"304\" height=\"123\" class=\"size-full wp-image-36078\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: Cafe Foundation\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A new move by the company seeks to address another kind of energy challenge: airplane fuel. The company has teamed up with NASA to sponsor the \u003ca href=\"http://cafefoundation.org/v2/gfc_main.php\">\u003cstrong>Green Flight Challenge\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, a competition to develop emissions-free aircraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge? Build a plane that can fly at least 100 miles per hour and achieve the equivalent energy efficiency of 200 miles per gallon of fuel on a 200-mile flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://cafefoundation.org/v2/gfc_main.php\">\u003cstrong>Thirteen teams\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> will be competing for $1.65 million in prizes, funded by NASA, including a $1.3 million grand prize. The competition will be held between September 25 and October 2 at Charles M. Schulz Sonoma County Airport, and is being organized by the CAFE Foundation, a non-profit devoted to aviation technology. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the CAFE Foundation press release:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp> The electric aircraft in the competition will demonstrate for the first time that practical, emission-free cross-country flight is possible. Their batteries will be recharged using clean geo-thermal based electricity from The Geysers geo-thermal fields in the Mayacama Mountains North of Santa Rosa. This recharging will occur at the CAFE Flight Test Center’s first-ever Electric Aircraft Charging Station sponsored by Google.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The public will have a chance to check out all of the competing aircraft at Moffett Field–NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View on October 3, 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Airplanes account for about three percent of the United States’ total greenhouse emissions, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, and, according to the Federal Aviation Administration, greenhouse gas emissions from domestic aircraft are expected to increase 60 percent by 2025 and worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide from aircraft engines will more than triple by mid-century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Gretchen Weber is the Multimedia Producer of \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/\">Climate Watch\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/36074/nasa-and-google-team-up-for-zero-emissions-flight-contest","authors":["11413"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_1758","news_19906","news_248"],"tags":["news_93","news_1744","news_565"],"label":"news_6944"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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