In a Historic First, Napa County Elects All-Female Board
Alessio Sails to Easy Victory in Napa County Board of Supervisors Race, With Remaining Board Contests Undecided
Santa Clara County Moves Into High COVID Tier After Sewer System Tests
'Fully Staffed': North Bay Fire Unit Gears Up Ahead of Yet Another Potentially Rough Wildfire Season
Plot to Blow Up Democratic Headquarters Exposed California Extremists Hiding in Plain Sight
Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers
Immigrant Workers Power Napa Valley's Economy – But Fires and COVID-19 Are Destroying Jobs
All the Colors of the Disasterbow
The Birth of 'Wine Country' Is a Story of Bugs, Taxes and War
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His work has appeared on Newsweek.com, Slate.com, CBSNews.com, MotherJones.com, DailyKos.com and NPR’s web site. Fiore’s political animation has appeared on CNN, Frontline, Bill Moyers Journal, Salon.com and cable and broadcast outlets across the globe.\r\n\r\nBeginning his professional life by drawing traditional political cartoons for newspapers, Fiore’s work appeared in publications ranging from the Washington Post to the Los Angeles Times. In the late 1990s, he began to experiment with animating political cartoons and, after a short stint at the San Jose Mercury News as their staff cartoonist, Fiore devoted all his energies to animation.\r\nGrowing up in California, Fiore also spent a good portion of his life in the backwoods of Idaho. It was this combination that shaped him politically. 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Murrow Award for investigative reporting and a Golden Mic Award from the RTNDA of Southern California.\r\n\r\nJulie began her career in journalism in 2000 as the deputy foreign editor for public radio's \u003cem>Marketplace, \u003c/em>while earning her master's degree in journalism from USC’s Annenberg School of Communication.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4baedf201468df97be97c2a9dd7585d0?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"@SmallRadio2","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Julie Small | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4baedf201468df97be97c2a9dd7585d0?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4baedf201468df97be97c2a9dd7585d0?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jsmall"},"fjhabvala":{"type":"authors","id":"8659","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"8659","found":true},"name":"Farida Jhabvala Romero","firstName":"Farida","lastName":"Jhabvala Romero","slug":"fjhabvala","email":"fjhabvala@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Farida Jhabvala Romero is a Labor Correspondent for KQED. She previously covered immigration. Farida was \u003ca href=\"https://www.ccnma.org/2022-most-influential-latina-journalists\">named\u003c/a> one of the 10 Most Influential Latina Journalists in California in 2022 by the California Chicano News Media Association. Her work has won awards from the Society of Professional Journalists (Northern California), as well as a national and regional Edward M. Murrow Award for the collaborative reporting projects “Dangerous Air” and “Graying California.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before joining KQED, Farida worked as a producer at Radio Bilingüe, a national public radio network. 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The first, Virginia “Ginny” Simms, was elected in 1972, half a century after women gained the right to vote in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But come next January, all five seats on the board will be filled by women, a historic first for Napa — and the Bay Area. Napa, a largely rural county with a population of about 134,000, is only the second county in California to elect an all-female board. Los Angeles County, a megalopolis of 9.8 million people, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-11-04/l-a-county-makes-history-with-all-female-board-of-supervisors\">was the first to do so in 2020\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With final results certified, Amber Manfree, Liz Alessio and incumbent Belia Ramos will join Supervisors Joelle Gallagher and Anne Cottrell. “It’s exciting to be part of a historic moment,” Ramos said. “The people voted in who they believed were the most qualified and capable candidates, and they all happened to be women.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Napa, a place where rolling green hills and orchards that produce world-famous wine dominate the landscape, the Board of Supervisors holds significant influence. Millions of dollars in social programs, wildfire preparation and the rules that the powerful wine industry must follow, all are under the purview of the board. And this year’s electoral results may represent a shift, not just in the demographics of those in power, but in the way that politics in Napa are done.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>A diverse board\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Within hours of polls closing, one supervisor-elect was moving toward a swift victory. Napa City Councilmember Liz Alessio was already 50 points ahead of her opponent, retired educator Doris Gentry, in the race for the District 2 seat on the board. Gentry told KQED that same night \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11978358/alessio-sails-to-easy-victory-in-napa-district-2-race-with-remaining-county-board-contests-undecided\">she would be calling Alessio to congratulate her\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Belia Ramos, supervisor, Napa County\"]‘The people voted in who they believed were the most qualified and capable candidates and they all happened to be women.’[/pullquote]During the campaign, Alessio built an impressive coalition, netting the endorsement of every sitting mayor in the county within a month of announcing her candidacy. Improving access to health care in the county — specifically access to mental health and substance abuse care — was a central issue in her campaign. Alessio drew on her more than 20 years of experience in the health sector, including time at Queen of the Valley Medical Center, the largest hospital in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wants to strengthen the county’s Health & Human Services office and believes the county can better respond to substance abuse issues by bringing together “all stakeholders here in Napa County, from the ER at our hospital to the nonprofits to county direct services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alessio’s background in public health sets her apart from past board members, many of whom came from business or agriculture. In fact, all five women on the newly elected board bring very different types of expertise. No one represents that more than Amber Manfree, a science writer with a geography doctorate from UC Davis. She defeated her opponent, former Napa City Councilmember Pete Mott, by about 520 votes in the race for the District 4 seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m bringing science to this role,” she said. “This is such a lovely community. And it takes a lot of really thoughtful management to make sure that it stays lovely — a lot of skills in mapmaking, spatial analysis as well as having done lots of reading on policy and climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She chuckles and adds that earlier in her life, she never imagined she would run for office. “Napa has done the impossible in a lot of ways. They have elected an introvert as a supervisor,” she said, “I like nothing more than to be analyzing data or making a map to communicate something to an audience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Manfree was anything but an introvert during the campaign, leading dozens of volunteers each weekend to knock on doors in Napa City. She also led hikes to connect with voters and \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ambermanfreecommunity/posts/pfbid02whffkEXfUwf62Uyatjso8bupWnofU161Dkbftar6MJySGRJ9fL7BzV5zyvUmtwLvl\">even hosted a workshop on how to grow edible mushrooms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of her goals, she said, has been to get folks in her district to feel hopeful about local politics again. She wants the board to establish an ethics commission to hold county officials accountable for any potential conflicts of interest and improve trust in local government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, the Press Democrat first reported that \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/napa/fbi-raided-napa-county-supervisor-alfredo-pedrozas-home-records-show/\">the FBI searched a home owned by outgoing Supervisor Alfredo Pedroza\u003c/a>, who made history in 2016 as the youngest person to serve on the board. Federal agents are currently conducting a county-wide investigation, with multiple wineries, the Napa County Farm Bureau and the Upper Valley Waste Management Agency all receiving subpoenas. The U.S. Department of Justice has not released the reason for the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Planning Napa’s future\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The incoming board will have a lot on its plate: finding a way to finance wildfire protection services in the long-term, working with cities to meet the state’s housing goals and perhaps the biggest item on the agenda, updating the county’s General Plan, which will guide future land development priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The General Plan was last updated in 2008 by a completely different board for what could be described as a completely different Napa before the devastating wildfires in 2017 and 2020, severe drought conditions in the 2010s, and an explosion in demand for affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is what’s going to set the trajectory for our county for the next 30 years,” Supervisor Ramos said. Next year, she will be the longest-serving member on the board after defeating American Canyon City Councilmember Mariam Aboudamous, who was backed by powerful industry groups like Napa County Farm Bureau and Winegrowers of Napa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"forum_2010101904759,news_11977784,news_11978358\"]All five women have been clear: Preserving Napa’s agricultural land is a priority. Building new housing — including the affordable housing desperately needed by the county’s working class — will most likely take place within Napa’s few cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Joelle Gallagher, who has served on the board since 2023, said she wants to approach the General Plan update through a health and equity lens. “We focus on a lot of important issues to families already here in Napa County,” she said, “but I think that when women are given that responsibility to make policies, you tend to think about things that have been difficult for women, kids and families, and those become pretty high priorities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For reproductive justice advocates, the new board represents an opportunity to strengthen access to abortion care in Napa since Roe v. Wade was overturned. “Because this is no longer under the control of the federal government, it’s really going to be up to local jurisdictions to get creative with the way that they expand services in their communities,” said Christian García, vice president of government relations with Planned Parenthood Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planned Parenthood Northern California manages a health center in the city of Napa, which reopened in 2023 in a new location, partly because \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11937191/abortion-crisis-pregnancy-centers-reproductive-rights-california-roe-v-wade\">the previous location was the target of protests and elaborate misinformation efforts by anti-abortion activists\u003c/a>. But despite the new location, García said the health center is still facing protesters, who seem more aggressive and disruptive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more collaboration that we can have with the Board of Supervisors, the Sheriff’s Department … to really ensure that patients coming in, that staff working at these health centers are not being fear-mongered by these protesters,” he said, “that will be essential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘I’m filled with hope every day’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Susannah Delano, what’s happening in Napa is part of a transformation in local politics. Delano leads Close the Gap California, an advocacy group that seeks to elect more women to office. She previously worked with SEIU 2015 and Planned Parenthood Northern California, where she became familiar with the power dynamics across Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Napa politics really have been a boys club — and a white boys club in particular — for most of recent history,” she said. But she adds that having five women on the board, each with such different backgrounds, represents how much women-led organizing has grown in the Bay Area and throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county boards of Santa Clara, Marin and Solano already have a plurality of female supervisors. And more than 40% of the state Legislature \u003ca href=\"https://womenscaucus.legislature.ca.gov/news/2022-11-16-women%E2%80%99s-caucus-achieves-benchmark-toward-gender-parity-pace-record-50-seats#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20most%20recent,the%20state%20Assembly%20and%20Senate.\">is made up of women\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m filled with hope every day,” Delano said. “What I see when I look at the numbers is just an enormous sea change of women from all different racial backgrounds and strong LGBTQ representation, who are going to change the face of California politics for decades to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How greater representation will translate into policy in Napa County will be decided by the incoming board. And each of the five has a role to play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being supervisor is not like being a mayor, where you go do one thing on your own,” said Supervisor Anne Cottrell, who represents District 3. “The way that the Supervisors get things done is through group action. … These are team decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Napa County has made history by electing its first all-female board of supervisors — only the second time this has happened in California's history.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713210429,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1596},"headData":{"title":"In a Historic First, Napa County Elects All-Female Board | KQED","description":"Napa County has made history by electing its first all-female board of supervisors — only the second time this has happened in California's history.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/a837b57b-3dd2-4a6d-ae09-b15301022e29/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11981850/in-a-historic-first-napa-county-elects-all-female-board","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In its 172-year history, only seven women have served on the Napa County Board of Supervisors. The first, Virginia “Ginny” Simms, was elected in 1972, half a century after women gained the right to vote in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But come next January, all five seats on the board will be filled by women, a historic first for Napa — and the Bay Area. Napa, a largely rural county with a population of about 134,000, is only the second county in California to elect an all-female board. Los Angeles County, a megalopolis of 9.8 million people, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-11-04/l-a-county-makes-history-with-all-female-board-of-supervisors\">was the first to do so in 2020\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With final results certified, Amber Manfree, Liz Alessio and incumbent Belia Ramos will join Supervisors Joelle Gallagher and Anne Cottrell. “It’s exciting to be part of a historic moment,” Ramos said. “The people voted in who they believed were the most qualified and capable candidates, and they all happened to be women.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Napa, a place where rolling green hills and orchards that produce world-famous wine dominate the landscape, the Board of Supervisors holds significant influence. Millions of dollars in social programs, wildfire preparation and the rules that the powerful wine industry must follow, all are under the purview of the board. And this year’s electoral results may represent a shift, not just in the demographics of those in power, but in the way that politics in Napa are done.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>A diverse board\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Within hours of polls closing, one supervisor-elect was moving toward a swift victory. Napa City Councilmember Liz Alessio was already 50 points ahead of her opponent, retired educator Doris Gentry, in the race for the District 2 seat on the board. Gentry told KQED that same night \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11978358/alessio-sails-to-easy-victory-in-napa-district-2-race-with-remaining-county-board-contests-undecided\">she would be calling Alessio to congratulate her\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The people voted in who they believed were the most qualified and capable candidates and they all happened to be women.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Belia Ramos, supervisor, Napa County","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>During the campaign, Alessio built an impressive coalition, netting the endorsement of every sitting mayor in the county within a month of announcing her candidacy. Improving access to health care in the county — specifically access to mental health and substance abuse care — was a central issue in her campaign. Alessio drew on her more than 20 years of experience in the health sector, including time at Queen of the Valley Medical Center, the largest hospital in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wants to strengthen the county’s Health & Human Services office and believes the county can better respond to substance abuse issues by bringing together “all stakeholders here in Napa County, from the ER at our hospital to the nonprofits to county direct services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alessio’s background in public health sets her apart from past board members, many of whom came from business or agriculture. In fact, all five women on the newly elected board bring very different types of expertise. No one represents that more than Amber Manfree, a science writer with a geography doctorate from UC Davis. She defeated her opponent, former Napa City Councilmember Pete Mott, by about 520 votes in the race for the District 4 seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m bringing science to this role,” she said. “This is such a lovely community. And it takes a lot of really thoughtful management to make sure that it stays lovely — a lot of skills in mapmaking, spatial analysis as well as having done lots of reading on policy and climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She chuckles and adds that earlier in her life, she never imagined she would run for office. “Napa has done the impossible in a lot of ways. They have elected an introvert as a supervisor,” she said, “I like nothing more than to be analyzing data or making a map to communicate something to an audience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Manfree was anything but an introvert during the campaign, leading dozens of volunteers each weekend to knock on doors in Napa City. She also led hikes to connect with voters and \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ambermanfreecommunity/posts/pfbid02whffkEXfUwf62Uyatjso8bupWnofU161Dkbftar6MJySGRJ9fL7BzV5zyvUmtwLvl\">even hosted a workshop on how to grow edible mushrooms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of her goals, she said, has been to get folks in her district to feel hopeful about local politics again. She wants the board to establish an ethics commission to hold county officials accountable for any potential conflicts of interest and improve trust in local government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, the Press Democrat first reported that \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/napa/fbi-raided-napa-county-supervisor-alfredo-pedrozas-home-records-show/\">the FBI searched a home owned by outgoing Supervisor Alfredo Pedroza\u003c/a>, who made history in 2016 as the youngest person to serve on the board. Federal agents are currently conducting a county-wide investigation, with multiple wineries, the Napa County Farm Bureau and the Upper Valley Waste Management Agency all receiving subpoenas. The U.S. Department of Justice has not released the reason for the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Planning Napa’s future\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The incoming board will have a lot on its plate: finding a way to finance wildfire protection services in the long-term, working with cities to meet the state’s housing goals and perhaps the biggest item on the agenda, updating the county’s General Plan, which will guide future land development priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The General Plan was last updated in 2008 by a completely different board for what could be described as a completely different Napa before the devastating wildfires in 2017 and 2020, severe drought conditions in the 2010s, and an explosion in demand for affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is what’s going to set the trajectory for our county for the next 30 years,” Supervisor Ramos said. Next year, she will be the longest-serving member on the board after defeating American Canyon City Councilmember Mariam Aboudamous, who was backed by powerful industry groups like Napa County Farm Bureau and Winegrowers of Napa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"forum_2010101904759,news_11977784,news_11978358"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>All five women have been clear: Preserving Napa’s agricultural land is a priority. Building new housing — including the affordable housing desperately needed by the county’s working class — will most likely take place within Napa’s few cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Joelle Gallagher, who has served on the board since 2023, said she wants to approach the General Plan update through a health and equity lens. “We focus on a lot of important issues to families already here in Napa County,” she said, “but I think that when women are given that responsibility to make policies, you tend to think about things that have been difficult for women, kids and families, and those become pretty high priorities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For reproductive justice advocates, the new board represents an opportunity to strengthen access to abortion care in Napa since Roe v. Wade was overturned. “Because this is no longer under the control of the federal government, it’s really going to be up to local jurisdictions to get creative with the way that they expand services in their communities,” said Christian García, vice president of government relations with Planned Parenthood Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planned Parenthood Northern California manages a health center in the city of Napa, which reopened in 2023 in a new location, partly because \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11937191/abortion-crisis-pregnancy-centers-reproductive-rights-california-roe-v-wade\">the previous location was the target of protests and elaborate misinformation efforts by anti-abortion activists\u003c/a>. But despite the new location, García said the health center is still facing protesters, who seem more aggressive and disruptive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more collaboration that we can have with the Board of Supervisors, the Sheriff’s Department … to really ensure that patients coming in, that staff working at these health centers are not being fear-mongered by these protesters,” he said, “that will be essential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘I’m filled with hope every day’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Susannah Delano, what’s happening in Napa is part of a transformation in local politics. Delano leads Close the Gap California, an advocacy group that seeks to elect more women to office. She previously worked with SEIU 2015 and Planned Parenthood Northern California, where she became familiar with the power dynamics across Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Napa politics really have been a boys club — and a white boys club in particular — for most of recent history,” she said. But she adds that having five women on the board, each with such different backgrounds, represents how much women-led organizing has grown in the Bay Area and throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county boards of Santa Clara, Marin and Solano already have a plurality of female supervisors. And more than 40% of the state Legislature \u003ca href=\"https://womenscaucus.legislature.ca.gov/news/2022-11-16-women%E2%80%99s-caucus-achieves-benchmark-toward-gender-parity-pace-record-50-seats#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20most%20recent,the%20state%20Assembly%20and%20Senate.\">is made up of women\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m filled with hope every day,” Delano said. “What I see when I look at the numbers is just an enormous sea change of women from all different racial backgrounds and strong LGBTQ representation, who are going to change the face of California politics for decades to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How greater representation will translate into policy in Napa County will be decided by the incoming board. And each of the five has a role to play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being supervisor is not like being a mayor, where you go do one thing on your own,” said Supervisor Anne Cottrell, who represents District 3. “The way that the Supervisors get things done is through group action. … These are team decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11981850/in-a-historic-first-napa-county-elects-all-female-board","authors":["11708"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_20332","news_6565"],"featImg":"news_11981851","label":"news"},"news_11978358":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11978358","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11978358","score":null,"sort":[1709714480000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"alessio-sails-to-easy-victory-in-napa-district-2-race-with-remaining-county-board-contests-undecided","title":"Alessio Sails to Easy Victory in Napa County Board of Supervisors Race, With Remaining Board Contests Undecided","publishDate":1709714480,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Alessio Sails to Easy Victory in Napa County Board of Supervisors Race, With Remaining Board Contests Undecided | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/liveblog/election-2024\">\u003cem>Primary Election 2024 Live Updates: Follow KQED reporters as we cover election results from across California and the Bay Area.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napa City Councilmember Liz Alessio seems headed to victory in the race for the District 2 seat in the county Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With roughly 20% of the votes in late Tuesday night, Alessio was at 76%, more than 50 points ahead of her opponent, retired educator Doris Gentry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s way beyond what I hoped,” Alessio told hundreds of supporters at her election night party at the historic Hatt Building in downtown Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The District 2 seat, currently held by outgoing Supervisor Ryan Gregory, includes the western half of the city of Napa and surrounding areas west of State Route 29.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her opponent, Gentry, faced an uphill battle during the campaign, as Alessio quickly gathered the support of county officials, labor unions and the influential Winegrowers of Napa County trade association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did not have the funds that my opposition had,” Gentry said, adding that her opponent “won pretty handily” and that she would call to congratulate Alessio later that night. “I wanted to run, I am glad I was able to run, and I am sorry that I lost but there will be other races, other times to run and other things to run for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alessio says that she looks forward to improving access to mental health and substance abuse resources in the county. “And in a way that includes all stakeholders here in Napa County, from the ER at our hospital to the nonprofits here to county direct services,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other two races for seats on the board are much tighter and will most likely be decided in the coming days as county election officials continue to tally day-of votes. In District 4 — which covers the northeast city of Napa, Lake Berryessa and Monticello Park — scientist Amber Manfree holds a slight advantage over former Napa City Councilmember Pete Mott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"more election coverage\" tag=\"election-2024\"]This is Manfree’s second run for the Board of Supervisors and her campaign this year garnered the support of the Sierra Club and other environmental groups as well as local labor unions like the SEIU 1021 and the Napa Solano Labor Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking from the Napa Women’s Club, Manfree said her campaign included an “outpouring of support” from community members but lamented the low county turnout in this year’s election,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just seems that so many people are disillusioned with politics,” she said. “That’s too bad and that’s one of the reasons I was running on a platform that included ethics and transparency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manfree added that she would not be making an official announcement until the county had finalized the tally. Mott, declined to speak to KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Manfree wins District 4 — regardless of the results in the other two districts — it will mean that every Napa County supervisor will be a woman, a historic first for the county and only the second time in California history, after Los Angeles County became the first to do so in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In District 5, which includes all of American Canyon and the surrounding area, incumbent Supervisor Belia Ramos was hanging on to a narrow lead over American Canyon City Councilmember Mariam Aboudamous, as of 11:17 p.m. Tuesday, with only 12% of votes counted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You work hard in these campaigns and you hope that your messaging resonates with the voters,” Ramos said, at her election night party at Italian restaurant La Strada in American Canyon. “I’m feeling really positive with these initial results and we’ll continue to watch them but it’s a great feeling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her opponent, Aboudamous, said she was also feeling confident despite trailing in early returns, emphasizing that there are many votes left to count and that it’s still possible for her to catch up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I first ran for City Council, the initial results showed me in third place but by the end of the night, I was the top vote-getter,” she said from her home in American Canyon. “It’s too close to call it.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Napa City Councilmember Liz Alessio held a commanding lead in the race for District 2, all but assuring her place on the county Board of Supervisors, while the races for Districts 4 and 5 remained too close to call.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713380954,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":732},"headData":{"title":"Alessio Sails to Easy Victory in Napa County Board of Supervisors Race, With Remaining Board Contests Undecided | KQED","description":"Napa City Councilmember Liz Alessio held a commanding lead in the race for District 2, all but assuring her place on the county Board of Supervisors, while the races for Districts 4 and 5 remained too close to call.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11978358/alessio-sails-to-easy-victory-in-napa-district-2-race-with-remaining-county-board-contests-undecided","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/liveblog/election-2024\">\u003cem>Primary Election 2024 Live Updates: Follow KQED reporters as we cover election results from across California and the Bay Area.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napa City Councilmember Liz Alessio seems headed to victory in the race for the District 2 seat in the county Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With roughly 20% of the votes in late Tuesday night, Alessio was at 76%, more than 50 points ahead of her opponent, retired educator Doris Gentry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s way beyond what I hoped,” Alessio told hundreds of supporters at her election night party at the historic Hatt Building in downtown Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The District 2 seat, currently held by outgoing Supervisor Ryan Gregory, includes the western half of the city of Napa and surrounding areas west of State Route 29.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her opponent, Gentry, faced an uphill battle during the campaign, as Alessio quickly gathered the support of county officials, labor unions and the influential Winegrowers of Napa County trade association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did not have the funds that my opposition had,” Gentry said, adding that her opponent “won pretty handily” and that she would call to congratulate Alessio later that night. “I wanted to run, I am glad I was able to run, and I am sorry that I lost but there will be other races, other times to run and other things to run for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alessio says that she looks forward to improving access to mental health and substance abuse resources in the county. “And in a way that includes all stakeholders here in Napa County, from the ER at our hospital to the nonprofits here to county direct services,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other two races for seats on the board are much tighter and will most likely be decided in the coming days as county election officials continue to tally day-of votes. In District 4 — which covers the northeast city of Napa, Lake Berryessa and Monticello Park — scientist Amber Manfree holds a slight advantage over former Napa City Councilmember Pete Mott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"more election coverage ","tag":"election-2024"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>This is Manfree’s second run for the Board of Supervisors and her campaign this year garnered the support of the Sierra Club and other environmental groups as well as local labor unions like the SEIU 1021 and the Napa Solano Labor Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking from the Napa Women’s Club, Manfree said her campaign included an “outpouring of support” from community members but lamented the low county turnout in this year’s election,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just seems that so many people are disillusioned with politics,” she said. “That’s too bad and that’s one of the reasons I was running on a platform that included ethics and transparency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manfree added that she would not be making an official announcement until the county had finalized the tally. Mott, declined to speak to KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Manfree wins District 4 — regardless of the results in the other two districts — it will mean that every Napa County supervisor will be a woman, a historic first for the county and only the second time in California history, after Los Angeles County became the first to do so in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In District 5, which includes all of American Canyon and the surrounding area, incumbent Supervisor Belia Ramos was hanging on to a narrow lead over American Canyon City Councilmember Mariam Aboudamous, as of 11:17 p.m. Tuesday, with only 12% of votes counted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You work hard in these campaigns and you hope that your messaging resonates with the voters,” Ramos said, at her election night party at Italian restaurant La Strada in American Canyon. “I’m feeling really positive with these initial results and we’ll continue to watch them but it’s a great feeling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her opponent, Aboudamous, said she was also feeling confident despite trailing in early returns, emphasizing that there are many votes left to count and that it’s still possible for her to catch up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I first ran for City Council, the initial results showed me in third place but by the end of the night, I was the top vote-getter,” she said from her home in American Canyon. “It’s too close to call it.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11978358/alessio-sails-to-easy-victory-in-napa-district-2-race-with-remaining-county-board-contests-undecided","authors":["11708"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_32839","news_6565","news_17968"],"featImg":"news_11669160","label":"news"},"news_11934868":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11934868","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11934868","score":null,"sort":[1670636324000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"masking-required-again-in-high-risk-settings-in-3-bay-area-counties","title":"Santa Clara County Moves Into High COVID Tier After Sewer System Tests","publishDate":1670636324,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 5:30 p.m. Sunday:\u003c/strong> Santa Clara County officials are warning that the upcoming holiday season is expected to coincide with a spike in COVID-19, nearly as severe as the omicron surge last year. The county moved into the high-risk designation over the weekend, prompting the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to recommend people wear high-quality masks in public spaces. Dr. Sara Cody, the county’s health officer, says levels of the virus in San José’s sewer system — which draws from three quarters of the county’s population — are already at about 84% of the omicron peak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We not only have COVID as we've had the last two winters, but we have flu and RSV and other viruses circulating as well,\" said Cody. \"So it's like a winter of viral soup. There's a ton of virus circulating and if you want to be healthy for the holidays, you need to take action and you need to do it now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RSV refers to respiratory syncytial virus, a respiratory infection common in childhood, that can potentially cause pneumonia and other serious lung ailments. Cody said the flu and RSV seasons also began early this year, though RSV is beginning to plateau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story, 5:30 p.m. Friday:\u003c/strong> More stringent masking rules have been reinstated for certain high-risk settings in Alameda, Contra Costa and Napa counties to protect against the spread of COVID-19, health officials said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Universal masking is now required for staff and residents in homeless shelters, emergency shelters and cooling and heating centers. It's also now required in county correctional and detention centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID-19/guidance-for-face-coverings.aspx\">state guidance\u003c/a>, masking in these settings becomes required after the level of community spread of COVID-19, as defined by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shifts from low to medium. Alameda and Contra Costa county officials said community spread moved from low to medium on Thursday, and that they will require high-risk settings to abide by the state's guidance. Napa County officials on Friday said they also now are at medium, and will likewise require masking per state guidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masking continues to be required in health care and long-term care facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dr. Joanna Locke, COVID guidance lead, Alameda County Public Health Department\"]'I don't think we anticipate getting up to the peak of last winter, but I definitely don't think we've peaked.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We moved into medium [level] because we reached over 10 new COVID hospital admissions per 100,000 persons,” said Joanna Locke, COVID guidance lead for Alameda County’s public health department, on Friday. As of Thursday, 149 county residents were hospitalized with COVID-19, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now we’re averaging a little over 20 cases per day per 100,000,” said Locke. “The peak of our spring-summer wave was around 50, and our winter peak last year was obviously much higher … I don’t think we anticipate getting up to the peak of last winter, but I definitely don’t think we’ve peaked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Locke said with the high level of winter respiratory viruses circulating in addition to COVID-19, she thinks everyone should consider wearing a mask in indoor public settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I definitely am masking up now when I go into the grocery store. I took a little break earlier in the year and now I’m sending my kids back to school in masks. Really, we all have these masks in our house now and I think [we’re] shifting our culture to the way that some other countries have been for a long time where, when there’s high levels of any virus, you put on your mask.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County Health Officer Dr. Nicholas Moss reaffirmed the importance of masking as numbers continue to rise in Alameda and Contra Costa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have observed worsening increases in COVID-19 case reports and hospitalizations since October,\" Moss said in a statement. \"Taking actions like masking and staying home when sick can prevent spreading illnesses like COVID-19, flu, and RSV and help protect our health care system from strain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano County also is now at the medium level of community spread, according to the CDC, but the county has not indicated whether it’s reinstating masking rules in those high-risk settings where it's required by state guidelines. A message to the county’s public health administrator was not returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from Bay City News.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Santa Clara County officials are warning that the upcoming holiday season is expected to coincide with a spike in COVID-19, nearly as severe as the omicron surge last year. As case rates and hospitalizations tick upward, officials recommend masking in crowded public settings.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1670874210,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":785},"headData":{"title":"Santa Clara County Moves Into High COVID Tier After Sewer System Tests | KQED","description":"Santa Clara County officials are warning that the upcoming holiday season is expected to coincide with a spike in COVID-19, nearly as severe as the omicron surge last year. As case rates and hospitalizations tick upward, officials recommend masking in crowded public settings.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11934868/masking-required-again-in-high-risk-settings-in-3-bay-area-counties","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 5:30 p.m. Sunday:\u003c/strong> Santa Clara County officials are warning that the upcoming holiday season is expected to coincide with a spike in COVID-19, nearly as severe as the omicron surge last year. The county moved into the high-risk designation over the weekend, prompting the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to recommend people wear high-quality masks in public spaces. Dr. Sara Cody, the county’s health officer, says levels of the virus in San José’s sewer system — which draws from three quarters of the county’s population — are already at about 84% of the omicron peak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We not only have COVID as we've had the last two winters, but we have flu and RSV and other viruses circulating as well,\" said Cody. \"So it's like a winter of viral soup. There's a ton of virus circulating and if you want to be healthy for the holidays, you need to take action and you need to do it now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RSV refers to respiratory syncytial virus, a respiratory infection common in childhood, that can potentially cause pneumonia and other serious lung ailments. Cody said the flu and RSV seasons also began early this year, though RSV is beginning to plateau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story, 5:30 p.m. Friday:\u003c/strong> More stringent masking rules have been reinstated for certain high-risk settings in Alameda, Contra Costa and Napa counties to protect against the spread of COVID-19, health officials said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Universal masking is now required for staff and residents in homeless shelters, emergency shelters and cooling and heating centers. It's also now required in county correctional and detention centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID-19/guidance-for-face-coverings.aspx\">state guidance\u003c/a>, masking in these settings becomes required after the level of community spread of COVID-19, as defined by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shifts from low to medium. Alameda and Contra Costa county officials said community spread moved from low to medium on Thursday, and that they will require high-risk settings to abide by the state's guidance. Napa County officials on Friday said they also now are at medium, and will likewise require masking per state guidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masking continues to be required in health care and long-term care facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'I don't think we anticipate getting up to the peak of last winter, but I definitely don't think we've peaked.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Dr. Joanna Locke, COVID guidance lead, Alameda County Public Health Department","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We moved into medium [level] because we reached over 10 new COVID hospital admissions per 100,000 persons,” said Joanna Locke, COVID guidance lead for Alameda County’s public health department, on Friday. As of Thursday, 149 county residents were hospitalized with COVID-19, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now we’re averaging a little over 20 cases per day per 100,000,” said Locke. “The peak of our spring-summer wave was around 50, and our winter peak last year was obviously much higher … I don’t think we anticipate getting up to the peak of last winter, but I definitely don’t think we’ve peaked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Locke said with the high level of winter respiratory viruses circulating in addition to COVID-19, she thinks everyone should consider wearing a mask in indoor public settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I definitely am masking up now when I go into the grocery store. I took a little break earlier in the year and now I’m sending my kids back to school in masks. Really, we all have these masks in our house now and I think [we’re] shifting our culture to the way that some other countries have been for a long time where, when there’s high levels of any virus, you put on your mask.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County Health Officer Dr. Nicholas Moss reaffirmed the importance of masking as numbers continue to rise in Alameda and Contra Costa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have observed worsening increases in COVID-19 case reports and hospitalizations since October,\" Moss said in a statement. \"Taking actions like masking and staying home when sick can prevent spreading illnesses like COVID-19, flu, and RSV and help protect our health care system from strain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano County also is now at the medium level of community spread, according to the CDC, but the county has not indicated whether it’s reinstating masking rules in those high-risk settings where it's required by state guidelines. A message to the county’s public health administrator was not returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from Bay City News.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11934868/masking-required-again-in-high-risk-settings-in-3-bay-area-counties","authors":["11812","11829"],"categories":["news_457","news_8"],"tags":["news_260","news_6456","news_1467","news_27350","news_27804","news_27626","news_31032","news_6565","news_23938"],"featImg":"news_11934911","label":"news"},"news_11916581":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11916581","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11916581","score":null,"sort":[1654822663000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fully-staffed-north-bay-fire-unit-bulks-up","title":"'Fully Staffed': North Bay Fire Unit Gears Up Ahead of Yet Another Potentially Rough Wildfire Season","publishDate":1654822663,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>It's not even officially summer yet, and a wildfire has already scorched hundreds of acres in the North Bay, an ominous foreshadowing of what's in store for the hot, dry months ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A brush fire in Napa County — called the Old Fire — was sparked on May 31, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/5/31/old-fire/\">and burned 570 acres\u003c/a> in the Soda Canyon area before firefighters were able to fully contain the blaze on Sunday, with no reported casualties or structures destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire's cause has not been determined, and Cal Fire\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/california-wildfires/article/PG-E-power-line-under-investigation-for-possibly-17217947.php\"> is still investigating\u003c/a> whether it may have been sparked by a Pacific Gas and Electric power line.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Erick Hernandez, spokesperson, Cal Fire Sonoma-Lake-Napa Unit\"]'2020 obviously was a huge year with fires all over the state of California. Last year was just basically two to three major fires in the state. And this year, we're already seeing a huge increase.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, PG&E — no stranger to being a target of wildfire investigations — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11910835/pge-reaches-55-million-deal-to-avoid-criminal-prosecution-in-counties-ravaged-by-recent-wildfires\">agreed to pay over $55 million\u003c/a> and submit to five years of oversight to avoid criminal prosecution for a series of massive wildfires sparked by its power lines in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With much of California bracing for another potentially active fire season, KQED's Annelise Finney recently checked in with Erick Hernandez, a public information officer with Cal Fire’s Sonoma-Lake-Napa Unit. The unit, which battled last week's early season fire, is responsible for monitoring a huge six-county region (which also includes Colusa, Solano and Yolo counties) that has been hit by a spate of devastating blazes in recent years — including the 2020 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840009/north-bay-fires-grow-rapidly-force-thousands-to-flee-in-santa-rosa-and-napa-valley\">Glass Fire\u003c/a> and the 2017 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654027/my-world-was-burning-the-north-bay-fires-and-what-went-wrong\">Tubbs Fire\u003c/a>. Now, says Hernandez, crews are actively gearing up for the months ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ANNELISE FINNEY: I heard favorable conditions helped your crews quickly contain the Old Fire. Can you describe what that looked like?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ERICK HERNANDEZ: \u003c/strong>The favorable weather was due to the stable wind conditions. The winds didn't pick up, which allowed us to be able to continue our operations with mop-up [extinguishing or removing burning material along the control line] and also put out hot spots. Obviously, being out in the rain and very steep terrain, and having high temperatures, makes it challenging. However, the temperatures weren't as high as expected that week. So, yeah, that made it a lot easier for our crews to continue with the operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did the rainfall on Saturday affect the cleanup work that's happening? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It helps us out with putting out hot spots. Having more water on the burn scar definitely solidifies the containment. So it definitely assisted. Which is not to take anything away from our crews that worked tirelessly since Tuesday when the fire broke out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I know last year we saw more wildfires in this region at this point in the year. So how are we doing so far this year?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, in our unit, we didn't have major fires. We did have small fires that we were able to contain within a day or two. I know that in the state of California as a whole, we did have large fires, such as the Dixie and the Caldor fires, that exceeded 100,000 acres each. But last year is what we would consider, at least in our unit, a slow fire season and it allowed our crews to be able to prepare for this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know that since we didn't have a lot of rain, we were expecting an early start to the fire season this year. And that's exactly what we're seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2020 obviously was a huge year, with fires all over the state of California. Last year was just basically two to three major fires in the state. And this year, we're already seeing a huge increase. We had the Quail Fire just over in Winters a couple of weeks ago. Then two weeks ago, we had a fire in St. Helena in the burn scar of the Glass Fire. And then we had this fire, which was nearly 600 acres. So we are seeing an increase of fires already, at least in our unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How is your unit thinking about this coming season?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the lack of rain, it's anticipated that it's going to be a busy fire season. So there's daily training at the fire stations and we’re working and engaging with local community members. An emergency preparedness group was initiated last year, with different departments in Napa County like fire, sheriff, public works and public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are you fully staffed now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Absolutely. We just concluded our third rehire academy last week. So it has allowed us to staff up more engines so we're able to be ready and deploy resources whenever they're needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How many firefighters graduate out of every rehire academy? \u003c/strong>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"california-wildfires\"]So in the first rehire academy that we had over a month ago, there were 105 graduates. The second round, we had over 60. In the third round that just concluded, I believe we had a little bit over 40. So we started our rehire academy sooner than previous years and we've increased the number of recruits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are you all adopting any different kinds of strategies this year than you have in the past?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, our Cal Fire Napa County training bureau hosts a volunteer academy. We had 13 graduates who went through the five-month process. They graduated in mid-May and can respond to situations including medical, wildlife and traffic collisions both in and out of Napa County. We're also creating more events to help the public receive information on safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What has your unit been doing to educate and inform residents on how to prepare?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We offer a free consulting program for community members and offer a one-on-one walkthrough of homes for proper defensible space. Additional recommendations they benefit from are learning about the safety of structures and fuel mitigation techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media is also a good avenue to push information. What we started doing at the end of last year has been sending out our messaging in both English and Spanish so we can reach out to more people. We are seeing more engagement with it, too. Napa County is also hosting an \u003ca href=\"https://www.countyofnapa.org/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=347\">Emergency Preparedness Day\u003c/a> [on June 21] in our parking lot. We’ve had additional requests for consulting, through phone calls and social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also a Cal Fire battalion chief who works as a liaison with the nonprofit Napa Communities Firewise Foundation. Together they look to identify areas in need of fuel reduction as well as to strategize and implement measures that will benefit community members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What big lessons have you all learned from fires in recent years?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires can happen at any time in many different ways. Preparedness is key, from evacuation routes to defensible space. We don’t have to be under red flag warnings to have those fires. Stay vigilant and stay prepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Matthew Green contributed reporting to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"KQED's Annelise Finney spoke with Cal Fire Sonoma-Lake-Napa Unit spokesperson Erick Hernandez about what Cal Fire is doing to prepare for a potentially devastating wildfire season.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1654879076,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1221},"headData":{"title":"'Fully Staffed': North Bay Fire Unit Gears Up Ahead of Yet Another Potentially Rough Wildfire Season | KQED","description":"KQED's Annelise Finney spoke with Cal Fire Sonoma-Lake-Napa Unit spokesperson Erick Hernandez about what Cal Fire is doing to prepare for a potentially devastating wildfire season.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11916581 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11916581","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/06/09/fully-staffed-north-bay-fire-unit-bulks-up/","disqusTitle":"'Fully Staffed': North Bay Fire Unit Gears Up Ahead of Yet Another Potentially Rough Wildfire Season","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11916581/fully-staffed-north-bay-fire-unit-bulks-up","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's not even officially summer yet, and a wildfire has already scorched hundreds of acres in the North Bay, an ominous foreshadowing of what's in store for the hot, dry months ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A brush fire in Napa County — called the Old Fire — was sparked on May 31, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/5/31/old-fire/\">and burned 570 acres\u003c/a> in the Soda Canyon area before firefighters were able to fully contain the blaze on Sunday, with no reported casualties or structures destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire's cause has not been determined, and Cal Fire\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/california-wildfires/article/PG-E-power-line-under-investigation-for-possibly-17217947.php\"> is still investigating\u003c/a> whether it may have been sparked by a Pacific Gas and Electric power line.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'2020 obviously was a huge year with fires all over the state of California. Last year was just basically two to three major fires in the state. And this year, we're already seeing a huge increase.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Erick Hernandez, spokesperson, Cal Fire Sonoma-Lake-Napa Unit","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, PG&E — no stranger to being a target of wildfire investigations — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11910835/pge-reaches-55-million-deal-to-avoid-criminal-prosecution-in-counties-ravaged-by-recent-wildfires\">agreed to pay over $55 million\u003c/a> and submit to five years of oversight to avoid criminal prosecution for a series of massive wildfires sparked by its power lines in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With much of California bracing for another potentially active fire season, KQED's Annelise Finney recently checked in with Erick Hernandez, a public information officer with Cal Fire’s Sonoma-Lake-Napa Unit. The unit, which battled last week's early season fire, is responsible for monitoring a huge six-county region (which also includes Colusa, Solano and Yolo counties) that has been hit by a spate of devastating blazes in recent years — including the 2020 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840009/north-bay-fires-grow-rapidly-force-thousands-to-flee-in-santa-rosa-and-napa-valley\">Glass Fire\u003c/a> and the 2017 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654027/my-world-was-burning-the-north-bay-fires-and-what-went-wrong\">Tubbs Fire\u003c/a>. Now, says Hernandez, crews are actively gearing up for the months ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ANNELISE FINNEY: I heard favorable conditions helped your crews quickly contain the Old Fire. Can you describe what that looked like?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ERICK HERNANDEZ: \u003c/strong>The favorable weather was due to the stable wind conditions. The winds didn't pick up, which allowed us to be able to continue our operations with mop-up [extinguishing or removing burning material along the control line] and also put out hot spots. Obviously, being out in the rain and very steep terrain, and having high temperatures, makes it challenging. However, the temperatures weren't as high as expected that week. So, yeah, that made it a lot easier for our crews to continue with the operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did the rainfall on Saturday affect the cleanup work that's happening? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It helps us out with putting out hot spots. Having more water on the burn scar definitely solidifies the containment. So it definitely assisted. Which is not to take anything away from our crews that worked tirelessly since Tuesday when the fire broke out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I know last year we saw more wildfires in this region at this point in the year. So how are we doing so far this year?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, in our unit, we didn't have major fires. We did have small fires that we were able to contain within a day or two. I know that in the state of California as a whole, we did have large fires, such as the Dixie and the Caldor fires, that exceeded 100,000 acres each. But last year is what we would consider, at least in our unit, a slow fire season and it allowed our crews to be able to prepare for this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know that since we didn't have a lot of rain, we were expecting an early start to the fire season this year. And that's exactly what we're seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2020 obviously was a huge year, with fires all over the state of California. Last year was just basically two to three major fires in the state. And this year, we're already seeing a huge increase. We had the Quail Fire just over in Winters a couple of weeks ago. Then two weeks ago, we had a fire in St. Helena in the burn scar of the Glass Fire. And then we had this fire, which was nearly 600 acres. So we are seeing an increase of fires already, at least in our unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How is your unit thinking about this coming season?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the lack of rain, it's anticipated that it's going to be a busy fire season. So there's daily training at the fire stations and we’re working and engaging with local community members. An emergency preparedness group was initiated last year, with different departments in Napa County like fire, sheriff, public works and public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are you fully staffed now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Absolutely. We just concluded our third rehire academy last week. So it has allowed us to staff up more engines so we're able to be ready and deploy resources whenever they're needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How many firefighters graduate out of every rehire academy? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related coverage ","tag":"california-wildfires"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>So in the first rehire academy that we had over a month ago, there were 105 graduates. The second round, we had over 60. In the third round that just concluded, I believe we had a little bit over 40. So we started our rehire academy sooner than previous years and we've increased the number of recruits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are you all adopting any different kinds of strategies this year than you have in the past?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, our Cal Fire Napa County training bureau hosts a volunteer academy. We had 13 graduates who went through the five-month process. They graduated in mid-May and can respond to situations including medical, wildlife and traffic collisions both in and out of Napa County. We're also creating more events to help the public receive information on safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What has your unit been doing to educate and inform residents on how to prepare?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We offer a free consulting program for community members and offer a one-on-one walkthrough of homes for proper defensible space. Additional recommendations they benefit from are learning about the safety of structures and fuel mitigation techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media is also a good avenue to push information. What we started doing at the end of last year has been sending out our messaging in both English and Spanish so we can reach out to more people. We are seeing more engagement with it, too. Napa County is also hosting an \u003ca href=\"https://www.countyofnapa.org/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=347\">Emergency Preparedness Day\u003c/a> [on June 21] in our parking lot. We’ve had additional requests for consulting, through phone calls and social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also a Cal Fire battalion chief who works as a liaison with the nonprofit Napa Communities Firewise Foundation. Together they look to identify areas in need of fuel reduction as well as to strategize and implement measures that will benefit community members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What big lessons have you all learned from fires in recent years?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires can happen at any time in many different ways. Preparedness is key, from evacuation routes to defensible space. We don’t have to be under red flag warnings to have those fires. Stay vigilant and stay prepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Matthew Green contributed reporting to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11916581/fully-staffed-north-bay-fire-unit-bulks-up","authors":["11784","11772"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8"],"tags":["news_6383","news_27626","news_6565","news_31198","news_4337","news_29868","news_31210"],"featImg":"news_11916668","label":"news"},"news_11913965":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11913965","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11913965","score":null,"sort":[1652698941000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"plot-to-blow-up-democratic-headquarters-exposed-california-extremists-hiding-in-plain-sight","title":"Plot to Blow Up Democratic Headquarters Exposed California Extremists Hiding in Plain Sight","publishDate":1652698941,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>[dropcap]Y[/dropcap]ears before law enforcement seized the contents of Ian Rogers’ safe, he earned a reputation as a talented mechanic and successful Napa Valley business owner. Rogers catered to an elite clientele of Jaguar, Land Rover and Rolls-Royce owners inside a garage off Napa’s main drag, a street spotted with boutiques and high-end bed and breakfasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 47-year-old from Sonoma County, who appeared to have a passion for guns, according to Facebook posts where he dissed prominent Democrats, was also a loving husband and father who paid his bills on time, according to his family and friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the fall of 2020, in the weeks after Joe Biden was declared the next president of the United States, Rogers sent an ominous text to someone he trusted, according to court records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ok bro we need to hit the enemy in the mouth,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22014785-copeland-rogers-motion-to-detain-public\">he messaged\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah so we punch Soros,” Rogers’ former employee and gym buddy, Jarrod Copeland, texted back, referring to billionaire investor George Soros.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copeland, a Kentucky native, had been a mechanic at Rogers’ shop nearly a decade earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think right now we attack democrats. They’re offices etc. Molotov cocktails and gasoline,” Rogers continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copeland replied, “We need more people bro. Gonna be hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day after Thanksgiving, the chatter kindled a plan. \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22014785-copeland-rogers-motion-to-detain-public\">Text messages contained in court records\u003c/a> show the two men agreed to burn down the headquarters of the California Democratic Party in Sacramento, a building diagonal to the California Highway Patrol office tasked with protecting state lawmakers and daily visitors to the Capitol. Also nearby: a youth center, a gym and a popular bookstore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: sent link to the address of the California Democratic Party office…\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Copeland\u003c/strong>: Right next to CHP\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Copeland\u003c/strong>: gotta be cautious\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: Only takes 3 minutes\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: Take a brick break a window pour gas in and light\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The two men texted that they hoped hitting that particular target would send a message and ignite a movement. They viewed themselves as action-film heroes, referencing “The Expendables,” a popular movie franchise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: Scare the whole country\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: Can you imagine cnn covering this haha !\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: I’ll leave a envelope with our demands and intentions\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: Basically saying we declare war on the Democratic Party and all traitors to the republic.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Copeland\u003c/strong>: That’s some expendables stuff.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: We need to send a message\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Copeland\u003c/strong>: Yep I agree\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: Start a movement\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 8, 2021, the two acknowledged they might die carrying out their plan. Rogers asked Copeland if he was ready to leave his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: What I’m talking about we probably will die unfortunately\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Copeland\u003c/strong>: She was crying yesterday and said to me “please don’t leave me I don’t know what to do without you” she was rubbing my back while I was watching...\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Copeland\u003c/strong>: She knows how i run and she knows I will put myself in harms way for what I believe in\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It never came to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers and Copeland were arrested in January and July of 2021, respectively, according to court records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two are charged in federal court with conspiracy to destroy by fire or explosive a building used in interstate commerce, with Copeland facing an additional charge of destruction of records in official proceedings for allegedly destroying evidence of his communication with Rogers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11913972\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11913972\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/CADemHQ.jpg\" alt=\"entrance of California Democratic Party headquarters\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1260\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/CADemHQ.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/CADemHQ-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/CADemHQ-1020x669.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/CADemHQ-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/CADemHQ-1536x1008.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ian Rogers and Jarrod Copeland planned to burn down the California Democratic Party headquarters building in Sacramento in text messages in November 2020. \u003ccite>(Juan Pablo Vazquez-Enriquez/Google Maps)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Napa County District Attorney’s Office also is prosecuting Rogers, for 28 felony counts over the numerous pipe bombs, and unregistered assault rifles authorities allegedly discovered inside his business, home and RV. He is also being charged with converting firearms into machine guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the case goes to trial, Rogers faces a statutory maximum of 45 years in prison. Copeland faces a statutory maximum of 25 years, if convicted on all charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their attorneys have been negotiating plea bargains over their alleged involvement for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copeland has entered a no-contest plea and is awaiting sentencing, his attorney, John Ambrosio, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s going to pay his debt and he’s taken responsibility,” Ambrosio added. “And we’re just waiting to see exactly what his punishment is going to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Part of a surge in domestic extremism\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Rogers and Copeland’s case is part of a surge in violent extremist activity the FBI is investigating in Northern California and throughout the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law \u003ca href=\"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2009-title18/html/USCODE-2009-title18-partI-chap113B-sec2331.htm\">defines domestic terrorism\u003c/a> as “acts dangerous to human life” that violate state or federal criminal law, and appear to be an attempt to “influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion” or “affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the spring of 2020, the number of FBI investigations of suspected domestic extremists has more than doubled, according to the U.S. Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just over a year after hundreds of people stormed the United States Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021, in an attempt to stop the certification of the presidential election, the DOJ announced it was creating a special unit to address “the threat posed by domestic extremism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department arrested and charged more than 725 people for their alleged involvement in the insurrection. KQED found that at least 40 were from California, including Evan Neumann, a Mill Valley resident charged with 14 counts, including assaulting Capitol police. Neumann fled to Europe, crossing through prewar Ukraine and successfully claiming asylum in Belarus, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/03/23/evan-neumann-belarus-capitol-riot-asylum-ukraine/\">according to The Washington Post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11904864 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Carrillo-van-oakland-1020x631.jpg']In February, a sergeant at Travis Air Force Base allegedly aligned with \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2021/01/27/who-are-boogaloos-who-were-visible-capitol-and-later-rallies\">boogaloo\u003c/a> adherents in Turlock, part of a loose-knit anti-government group trying to ignite a civil war, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11904864/ex-air-force-sergeant-pleads-guilty-to-killing-federal-guard-in-oakland-during-george-floyd-protests\">entered a guilty plea\u003c/a> for gunning down a federal officer in Oakland during a 2020 protest over police violence. He's also accused of murdering a Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s deputy a week later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just last month, an Orange County man was arrested for allegedly threatening to bomb the headquarters of Merriam-Webster, the dictionary publisher, because he was upset by the company’s definition of “female.” According to The Washington Post, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/04/25/merriam-webster-gender-death-threats/\">the man has allegedly been sending threatening messages since 2014\u003c/a>, and the FBI interviewed him in 2015 and in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid growing concerns of potential extremist violence, the FBI and local police \u003ca href=\"https://account.modbee.com/paywall/subscriber-only?resume=259694010&intcid=ab_archive\">recently held a town hall in Modesto\u003c/a>, urging residents to report possible domestic extremist threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>United by rage\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In an attempt to understand why two Bay Area men allegedly conspired to blow up a Sacramento building, KQED’s reporters visited the places where Rogers and Copeland worked, reviewed hundreds of pages of court documents and public records and interviewed more than a dozen people, including family members. Copeland and Rogers' attorneys refused requests to interview their clients, pending a final decision in their case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What emerged is a portrait of friends united by rage who found community within an obscure anti-government militia. But one kept his affiliation quiet, while the other proudly displayed his allegiance with a bumper sticker on his truck. Together, they allegedly hatched a violent plan that they hoped would spark more violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jon Blair, the assistant special agent in charge of counterterrorism at the FBI’s San Francisco field office, which investigated Rogers and Copeland, would not comment on the case, but said it’s not just the number of incidents that has gone up in California, but also the number of people involved and the severity of violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are actors who are predisposed towards these acts of violence, who are violating federal law and who are adhering to ideology,” Blair said. “They didn’t just come into existence after 2020, right? I do think they were a little more emboldened now because the rhetoric has become so pervasive and so loud in our culture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jon Blair, FBI assistant special agent in charge of counterterrorism\"]'We are getting more reports from individuals who happen to be near people who are spewing the ideology and taking steps towards ... violent acts, saying, 'No, not here, not on my turf, not around me.'[/pullquote]The Southern Poverty Law Center, \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/hate-map\">which tracks hate groups throughout the country\u003c/a>, has identified 45 currently active anti-government groups in California, including four militias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, chapters of other groups — including III% United Patriots, III% Defense Militia, California Three Percenters, the original Three Percenters, Oath Keepers and West Coast Patriots — all have been active in California, according to the nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers and Copeland joined one of those, according to court records and screenshots obtained by KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time of his arrest, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21474115-rogers-motion-to-increase-bail-declaration\">Rogers told law enforcement\u003c/a> he was a member of a “prepper group” called 3UP, a California offshoot of the Three Percenters, court filings show. Detectives also found a bumper sticker on one of Rogers’ vehicles of the III% symbol: three lines encircled by 13 stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Three Percenters, according to the Southern Poverty Law Center, represent a sub-ideology of the broader anti-government militia movement, and some California members were \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/three-percenters-militia-members-charged-us-capitol-attack-2021-06-10/\">charged for participating in the January 6 insurrection\u003c/a>. Three Percenters believe the unproven assertion that just 3% of colonists defeated the English during the American Revolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3UP claimed to be a social club not affiliated with any militia, according to Facebook screenshots. When a reporter reached one member in Milpitas by phone, he said “no comment” and hung up the phone. Calls to a number of other members were not immediately returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copeland also was a member of 3UP, according to prosecutors. Screenshots of a now-defunct private Facebook group for Bay Area members showed Copeland as a member. A photograph posted to the page on Aug. 9, 2020, showed Rogers and Copeland with their wives at a barbecue that other members of 3UP attended, according to a screenshot shared with a KQED reporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s nothing illegal about socializing with members of a so-called “prepper group,” purchasing tactical equipment and believing the government should be overthrown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the FBI’s strategy for combatting terrorism focuses on thwarting attacks before they happen — a concept the agency refers to as “left of boom” — the agency cannot interfere with people exercising their constitutional rights to voice their anger at elected officials and political parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Blair said, the agency does not investigate groups — only individuals who break the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t care what you believe, because we’re not allowed to care what you believe, no matter how reprehensible those beliefs may be,” said Blair. “It’s only if your beliefs or your ideology are motivating you to commit an act of violence — that’s when you would suddenly become of concern to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blair said the FBI relies on tips to identify potential threats. He thinks more people are reporting extreme rhetoric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who are looking left and right and realizing that this is not necessarily the world we want to live in,” Blair surmised. “I think we are getting more reports from individuals who happen to be near people who are spewing the ideology and taking steps towards those violent acts, saying, ‘No, not here, not on my turf, not around me.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A 'one-man militia'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>An anonymous tipster urged the FBI to look into Rogers’ behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A KQED reporter was able to contact the individual who reported Rogers and confirm that the two had once been friends. According to the tipster, they shared a love for exotic cars and guns and had both voted for Donald Trump in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, in 2019, Rogers began to threaten violence, often seething with rage and lashing out at people around him, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11914068\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1125px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11914068\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/IanRogers-with-rifle.jpg\" alt=\"man wearing military fatigues and sunglasses outdoors smiles as he holds what appears to be an assault rifle\" width=\"1125\" height=\"941\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/IanRogers-with-rifle.jpg 1125w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/IanRogers-with-rifle-800x669.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/IanRogers-with-rifle-1020x853.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/IanRogers-with-rifle-160x134.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This screenshot from Facebook of Ian Rogers holding a rifle was included on an SD card an informer provided to the FBI in September 2020. \u003ccite>(Facebook)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The informer began documenting Rogers’ behavior. In September of 2020, he mailed an envelope to the San Francisco field office of the FBI. Inside was an SD card with screenshots of Rogers’ social media posts and a video of Rogers firing an AK-47 at a shooting range previously owned by Craig Bock, a prominent member of the Three Percenter movement, according to a lawsuit filed by Bock’s family after county officials revoked their lease for the shooting range, and to \u003ca href=\"https://www.vallejosun.com/solano-county-gun-club-twin-sisters-three-percenters/\">reporting by The Vallejo Sun\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tipster also emailed the Napa County Sheriff’s Office, warning that Rogers was “deranged” and “a one-man militia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following excerpt from the tipster’s email \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21474115-rogers-motion-to-increase-bail-declaration\">was contained in a Napa County Superior Court filing\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22014620-rogers-motion-to-increase-bail-declaration\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11914074\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/Screen-Shot-2022-05-13-at-12.18.54-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1638\" height=\"972\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/Screen-Shot-2022-05-13-at-12.18.54-PM.png 1638w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/Screen-Shot-2022-05-13-at-12.18.54-PM-800x475.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/Screen-Shot-2022-05-13-at-12.18.54-PM-1020x605.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/Screen-Shot-2022-05-13-at-12.18.54-PM-160x95.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/Screen-Shot-2022-05-13-at-12.18.54-PM-1536x911.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1638px) 100vw, 1638px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Napa County Sheriff’s Office and the FBI jointly investigated Rogers, according to a declaration by a county detective filed as part of a motion opposing Rogers’ bail. In November of 2020, authorities learned that Rogers had sold his home in American Canyon, a city about 10 miles south of Napa, and was flush with cash, according to the motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 15, just nine days after the insurrection at the U.S. Capitol, sheriff’s deputies detained Rogers at a traffic stop in downtown Napa and served him with search warrants for his home and auto-repair shop, according to court papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside a safe in Rogers’ office, law enforcement discovered five brick-sized pipe bombs, along with raw materials “that could be used to manufacture destructive devices, including black powder, pipes, endcaps,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22012703-210126-usa-v-rogers-complaint\">according to a federal criminal complaint\u003c/a>. There was “a Nazi flag and a Nazi dagger with markings from the Elite SS in Hitler’s army,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22011350-210510-rogers-napa-da-motion-to-deny-bail\">according to a separate court filing\u003c/a>. The safe also contained a “White Privilege Card,” according to an FBI affidavit and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22012703-210126-usa-v-rogers-complaint\">federal complaint\u003c/a> against Rogers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11914106\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11914106\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/WhitePrivelegeCard.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/WhitePrivelegeCard.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/WhitePrivelegeCard-160x116.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo of the 'White Privilege Card' found in Ian Rogers' safe, included in the federal complaint against him. \u003ccite>(U.S. District Court)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a storage closet, deputies found, according to records, “numerous rifles, including some that were fully automatic and some that had been modified to operate as machine guns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also found seven manuals on bomb making and survival tactics, including one called “The Anarchist Cookbook” and another titled “Homemade C-4,” an explosive material; approximately 15,000 rounds of ammunition; a homemade silencer; and “go bags” with body armor and bulletproof face shields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens more guns were found, unsecured, inside his home and RV. All told, officers collected 54 guns — including eight assault weapons considered illegal in California, according to the Napa County District Attorney. Rogers was arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers’ friends and family said he liked to pump iron, shoot semi-automatic rifles and drive fast cars. They also commented that he had used steroids to bulk up his 5’11” frame to 200 pounds in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one \u003ca href=\"https://sfist.com/2021/07/16/napa-man-with-white-privilege-card-and-accomplice/\">Facebook photo that went viral after his arrest\u003c/a>, Rogers sits at the wheel of his DeLorean, the gull-wing door raised, his muscular arms bulging under a cutoff T-shirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11914001\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11914001\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersDelorean.jpg\" alt=\"man wearing camo shirt with bare arms and visible Nazi-esque eagle tattoo sits at wheel of Delorean car with door open\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1289\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersDelorean.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersDelorean-800x537.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersDelorean-1020x685.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersDelorean-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersDelorean-1536x1031.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ian Rogers sits at the wheel of his DeLorean in a Facebook photo that went viral after his arrest in 2021. The photo shows his tattoo resembling a Nazi eagle. \u003ccite>(Facebook)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rogers has a tattoo on his upper left arm of an eagle that resembles the Nazi eagle, which he made no effort to hide. He is wearing camouflage fatigues and his hair is cropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers learned how to fix cars in his father’s repair shop in Sonoma County when he was young. In 2005, he and his first wife, Julie Crisci, opened British Auto Repair in Napa. Rogers catered to wine country residents of diverse ethnic backgrounds who praised his mechanical skills and professionalism in dozens of online reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But two witnesses told KQED they heard Rogers use racist slurs to refer to clients. Those individuals said he expressed rage toward people of other races.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A longtime Napa resident, who asked to remain anonymous for fear of retribution, described one of Rogers’ tirades: “He was just stomping around, you know, ‘these mother****ing’ — you know, dropping N-bombs — ‘with their stupid’ — just like, like flexing, just flipping out. Other times you just hear him screaming about whatever — the Jews or, you know, Nancy Pelosi.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said Rogers told people he named his German shepherd “Fritz” after Hitler’s personal dog handler, Fritz Tornow. Rogers also built a working MG 42, a machine gun that Allied troops nicknamed “Hitler’s Buzzsaw” because of the noise it made spewing 1,200-1,500 rounds of ammunition per minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s a bad dude,” the Napa resident said. “He’s going to get what he deserves, hopefully. But, he’ll also be some sort of martyr for extremists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11914113\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11914113\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersPipeBombs.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersPipeBombs.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersPipeBombs-160x101.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The five pipe bombs seized at Rogers' auto repair shop 'were fully operational and could cause great bodily harm or injury,' according to a Napa County Sheriff's Office bomb technician in the federal complaint against Rogers. \u003ccite>(US District Court)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rogers also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22011730-210120-rogers-crisci-texts-exhibit2\">used racist slurs to describe his former Asian American neighbors in text messages to Crisci\u003c/a> that were included in court filings. On Sept. 16, 2019, he wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hate this town I’ll be happier away from the [N-word]. I’m sick of my stupid [racist slur for people of Korean descent] neighbors. I can’t forgive them for calling the cops on my numerous times over bullshit. Neighbors should have your back and they are backstabbers. Typical Asian assholes, they only care about themselvs and they’re families. I hate Asians they are rude and dishonest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A business acquaintance of Rogers said he never heard him use racist language. Cliff Marden, who sold auto-repair tools to Rogers for over a decade, described his client as opinionated, but not violent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ian is not a terrorist by any means. He’s not a threat to the public,” Marden said when reached by phone. “He was a businessman and he was an outstanding person and individual of the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marden said Rogers got in trouble because he said the wrong things at the wrong time, but never would have acted on those threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had too much to lose to do something like that,” Marden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers has a young son from his first marriage, and had recently remarried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A woman who answered the door at Rogers’ last known address confirmed she had married him a year and a half earlier. Yuliia Rogers said she met her husband online and that he came to see her in her native Ukraine three times before they married.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was very wonderful,” she said, smiling as she reminisced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yuliia Rogers said she now reminds her husband of that time with a photograph “to keep him positive” while he’s incarcerated. She said her husband had been collecting guns for 20 years and that it was his “passion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She did not believe he was capable of violence and never feared for her own safety, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He never was mean or trying to do something bad to another person,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said her husband was probably drinking when he wrote those texts to Copeland and was just venting his frustration over the presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He never was going to do it,” Yuliia Rogers said. “It was maybe like little boys like, ‘I will,’ ‘I can do this,’ or ‘we can do this.’ But it was just like playing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.instagram.com/p/CbLrxYCP1Fa/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Rogers had a big personality and a wide circle of clients and friends, Copeland was friendly but quiet, according to people who talked to him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had more meaningful conversations with Ian than Jarrod,” said Jag Rattu, owner of Audio House, a Napa car audio and window tint business, who often saw the two weight-lifting at a nearby gym.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copeland, 38, started working as a mechanic at Rogers’ shop in 2011, according to his LinkedIn profile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were like brothers. Like really close homies,” Rattu said. “They’d spot each other. I’m working [out] on a machine across from them, they’d be joking around, smiling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rattu said he noticed that after Trump was elected, Rogers, whom he’s known since 2007, became more politically vocal on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people got way to the left and some people got way to the right,” Rattu said. “I started seeing hatred come through in his Facebook posts. He hated Gavin Newsom for some reason. I heard something about him wanting to beat up Newsom. But I thought it was all jokes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rattu said that he was most surprised by the Nazi memorabilia and “white privilege card” investigators found in Rogers’ safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m Indian,” Rattu said. “I get mistaken for Muslim. I’ve gotten racist attacks against me. After 9/11, I almost got jumped by these guys. I tell you, Ian never, never — and Jarrod, too — never brought up stuff like this. They treated me like any old guy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'My communication consists of fists and bullets'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A few years after meeting Rogers, Copeland enlisted in the U.S. Army. But his military career was cut short when he was arrested for desertion in May of 2014, not long after the start of basic training. In 2016, he was arrested for desertion a second time. He received an “other than honorable” discharge in lieu of court-martial the following month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22014785-copeland-rogers-motion-to-detain-public\">according to court records\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors allege that after Copeland was discharged from the Army, he joined an affiliate of the Three Percenter movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to court documents, Copeland told Rogers that he was offered an officer position in the group, in either communications or security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But my communication consists of fists and bullets sooooo,” Copeland messaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several months after his discharge from the Army, Copeland became general manager of Pep Boys in Vallejo. Justin Laquindanum, who told KQED he worked there at the same time, said Copeland was into guns and wore a close-cropped, militaristic haircut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s more into the [right to bear] arms — one of the topics he says is a definition of being American. A lot of soldier talk,” Laquindanum said, adding that Copeland helped him through a difficult period in his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politics often came up in their conversations while working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He would ask me, ‘Hey, what do you think about this Black Lives Matter shit?’” Laquindanum said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At times, Laquindanum felt Copeland was “testing” him, that his response would determine how much Copeland shared with him moving forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt like he wanted to know, essentially, are you more Democratic or are you more Republican?” Laquindanum said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copeland aspired to be a cop, and he seemed agitated about being rejected by numerous police departments throughout the Bay Area and the California Highway Patrol, according to Laquindanum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Laquindanum said, he helped Copeland move into his in-laws’ three-bedroom house in north Vallejo. A family member who spoke to KQED, but then later declined to be quoted for fear of retribution, said Copeland spent long hours alone on the computer, and often made emotionally charged comments about politics or quoted Bible verses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the week after the storming of the Capitol, Rogers and Copeland agreed to wait until Inauguration Day before taking action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s see what happens after the 20th we go to war,” Rogers messaged on Jan. 11, 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Copy,” Copeland replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside link1=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/03/23/1088205226/evan-neumann-jan-6-insurrection-suspect-refugee-belarus-asylum,Bay Area Capitol Insurrection Suspect Wanted by the FBI Granted Refugee Status in Belarus\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/Neumann-1020x560.jpg\"]The day after Rogers’ business and home were searched, a friend sent Copeland a link to a news article about his friend’s arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you think they look at our texts?” Copeland asked, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22014785-copeland-rogers-motion-to-detain-public\">according to court records\u003c/a>. “Because we talk about some shit bro.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copeland immediately contacted one of the leaders of a militia he belonged to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Crap,” the man replied, urging Copeland to delete the evidence from his phone and switch to a new communications platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Delete all. Jarrod this sucks, but we will get through it,” the man said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Copeland’s house was searched on Jan. 17, 2021, two days after Rogers’ arrest, the communication with Rogers was missing from his phone. Six months later, the FBI arrested Copeland in Sacramento, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22014788-motion-to-unseal-copeland-arrest-info-public\">according to court documents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copeland’s cousin, Novice Doublin, speaking to KQED by phone from Mayfield, Kentucky, said the allegations didn’t sound like Copeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Growing up, he wasn’t the one who was out hunting and fishing and trying to figure out how to take 30 firecrackers to a pop bottle and make it blow up, you know? That was the rest of us,” Doublin said. “As far as I can remember, he’s never even had a speeding ticket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You meet different people at different points in your life,” Doublin continued. “Some good, some not so good. A lot of people talk shit. And, most people don’t pay it no attention. I don’t think Jarrod realized the severity behind the conversation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He made a mistake,” Copeland’s brother, Wesley Copeland, told a reporter via Facebook message. “He would never hurt anyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kyle Harris, who told KQED he also worked with Copeland at Pep Boys, said that while he and Copeland talked about their shared conservative political views, Copeland never displayed an openness to extremism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just hard to believe that he went from that to just an extremist like over, what — since I met him, a couple months?” Harris said. “It’s a good possibility he was suckered into doing something like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, nothing in the text exchanges included in court records indicates Rogers pressured or manipulated Copeland into agreeing to an act of violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July of 2020, Copeland’s wife declined to be his court-appointed custodian at an initial bail hearing. Sheila Copeland later reconsidered, court records show, but after a judge reviewed transcripts of recorded phone calls between the two, he opted to keep Copeland behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fphoto.php%3Ffbid%3D10100850113931966%26set%3Da.660083400716%26type%3D3&show_text=false&width=500\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"600\" height=\"498\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; web-share\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Court has reviewed the transcripts of the Defendant's calls to his wife from the jail after the first bail hearing and is disturbed by the anger and volatility apparent in them,” U.S. Magistrate Judge Alex G. Tse \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21492306-copeland-order-detaining-the-defendant#document/p4/a2097114\">wrote in his order\u003c/a>. “It is clear to the Court from the Defendant’s statements made in the phone calls that he would present a danger to the community, and that no custodian or surety would have the moral suasion to ensure the necessary compliance with any conditions imposed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple attempts to reach Copeland’s wife were unsuccessful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If their federal case goes to trial, prosecutors will be faced with proving the men broke the law in the process of planning an attack that didn’t happen. Doing so could be difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no specific federal crimes attached to domestic terrorism in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal prosecutors typically charge individuals planning to carry out homegrown, politically motivated violence with another crime they committed on their pathway toward launching an attack — like possession of illegal firearms or conspiracy — according to FBI Agent Blair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, after the Oklahoma City bombing, they were not charged with a federal domestic terrorism crime — because there isn't one,” Blair said. “They were charged with murder at the state level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recent acquittal of two men charged with conspiring to kidnap Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer is one example of how prosecutors can fail to prove conspiracy. In that case, defense attorneys argued the FBI entrapped the men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers and Copeland remain in federal custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers’ shop closed last year, according to a May 12, 2021, \u003ca href=\"https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/napa-county-judge-keeps-bail-at-1-5-million-in-bombs-illegal-firearms-case/article_cd74c5e5-91e6-5ba8-a3ee-b8238b5627a2.html\">report in the Napa Valley Register\u003c/a> citing testimony from Crisci. At a hearing to determine whether Rogers posed a flight risk if allowed to post bail, his former wife and business partner told the judge that Rogers owed nearly $300,000 and had only enough cash to support his family for a few more months. Crisci did not return calls for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For people to say they did this because the president told them to do it or they were following orders — that has nothing to do with Mr. Rogers and who he is,” said Colin Cooper, Rogers’ attorney. “He’s accused of having essentially weapons that are deemed illegal, and he will pay a very serious penalty for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ambrosio said his client accepts responsibility, but distanced Copeland from those who participated in the 2021 insurrection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With all the Jan. 6 stuff that also happened, those people actually hopped on a bus or a plane or train and went to the Capitol. They actually trespassed onto federal property and took active steps to either protest or riot,” Ambrosio said. “But he’s a human being. I’ve known him for a number of years. I think he’s a good person. Now do we sit down and talk about politics? No, we don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A look inside how two Bay Area men came to plot a mass casualty event.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1652825588,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":134,"wordCount":5158},"headData":{"title":"Plot to Blow Up Democratic Headquarters Exposed California Extremists Hiding in Plain Sight | KQED","description":"A look inside how two Bay Area men came to plot a mass casualty event.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11913965 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11913965","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/05/16/plot-to-blow-up-democratic-headquarters-exposed-california-extremists-hiding-in-plain-sight/","disqusTitle":"Plot to Blow Up Democratic Headquarters Exposed California Extremists Hiding in Plain Sight","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/32d8be4d-8a6d-430f-a6b5-ae9700f71285/audio.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11913965/plot-to-blow-up-democratic-headquarters-exposed-california-extremists-hiding-in-plain-sight","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">Y\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ears before law enforcement seized the contents of Ian Rogers’ safe, he earned a reputation as a talented mechanic and successful Napa Valley business owner. Rogers catered to an elite clientele of Jaguar, Land Rover and Rolls-Royce owners inside a garage off Napa’s main drag, a street spotted with boutiques and high-end bed and breakfasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 47-year-old from Sonoma County, who appeared to have a passion for guns, according to Facebook posts where he dissed prominent Democrats, was also a loving husband and father who paid his bills on time, according to his family and friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the fall of 2020, in the weeks after Joe Biden was declared the next president of the United States, Rogers sent an ominous text to someone he trusted, according to court records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ok bro we need to hit the enemy in the mouth,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22014785-copeland-rogers-motion-to-detain-public\">he messaged\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah so we punch Soros,” Rogers’ former employee and gym buddy, Jarrod Copeland, texted back, referring to billionaire investor George Soros.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copeland, a Kentucky native, had been a mechanic at Rogers’ shop nearly a decade earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think right now we attack democrats. They’re offices etc. Molotov cocktails and gasoline,” Rogers continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copeland replied, “We need more people bro. Gonna be hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day after Thanksgiving, the chatter kindled a plan. \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22014785-copeland-rogers-motion-to-detain-public\">Text messages contained in court records\u003c/a> show the two men agreed to burn down the headquarters of the California Democratic Party in Sacramento, a building diagonal to the California Highway Patrol office tasked with protecting state lawmakers and daily visitors to the Capitol. Also nearby: a youth center, a gym and a popular bookstore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: sent link to the address of the California Democratic Party office…\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Copeland\u003c/strong>: Right next to CHP\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Copeland\u003c/strong>: gotta be cautious\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: Only takes 3 minutes\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: Take a brick break a window pour gas in and light\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The two men texted that they hoped hitting that particular target would send a message and ignite a movement. They viewed themselves as action-film heroes, referencing “The Expendables,” a popular movie franchise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: Scare the whole country\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: Can you imagine cnn covering this haha !\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: I’ll leave a envelope with our demands and intentions\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: Basically saying we declare war on the Democratic Party and all traitors to the republic.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Copeland\u003c/strong>: That’s some expendables stuff.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: We need to send a message\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Copeland\u003c/strong>: Yep I agree\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: Start a movement\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 8, 2021, the two acknowledged they might die carrying out their plan. Rogers asked Copeland if he was ready to leave his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rogers\u003c/strong>: What I’m talking about we probably will die unfortunately\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Copeland\u003c/strong>: She was crying yesterday and said to me “please don’t leave me I don’t know what to do without you” she was rubbing my back while I was watching...\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Copeland\u003c/strong>: She knows how i run and she knows I will put myself in harms way for what I believe in\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It never came to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers and Copeland were arrested in January and July of 2021, respectively, according to court records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two are charged in federal court with conspiracy to destroy by fire or explosive a building used in interstate commerce, with Copeland facing an additional charge of destruction of records in official proceedings for allegedly destroying evidence of his communication with Rogers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11913972\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11913972\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/CADemHQ.jpg\" alt=\"entrance of California Democratic Party headquarters\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1260\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/CADemHQ.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/CADemHQ-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/CADemHQ-1020x669.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/CADemHQ-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/CADemHQ-1536x1008.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ian Rogers and Jarrod Copeland planned to burn down the California Democratic Party headquarters building in Sacramento in text messages in November 2020. \u003ccite>(Juan Pablo Vazquez-Enriquez/Google Maps)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Napa County District Attorney’s Office also is prosecuting Rogers, for 28 felony counts over the numerous pipe bombs, and unregistered assault rifles authorities allegedly discovered inside his business, home and RV. He is also being charged with converting firearms into machine guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the case goes to trial, Rogers faces a statutory maximum of 45 years in prison. Copeland faces a statutory maximum of 25 years, if convicted on all charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their attorneys have been negotiating plea bargains over their alleged involvement for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copeland has entered a no-contest plea and is awaiting sentencing, his attorney, John Ambrosio, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s going to pay his debt and he’s taken responsibility,” Ambrosio added. “And we’re just waiting to see exactly what his punishment is going to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Part of a surge in domestic extremism\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Rogers and Copeland’s case is part of a surge in violent extremist activity the FBI is investigating in Northern California and throughout the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law \u003ca href=\"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2009-title18/html/USCODE-2009-title18-partI-chap113B-sec2331.htm\">defines domestic terrorism\u003c/a> as “acts dangerous to human life” that violate state or federal criminal law, and appear to be an attempt to “influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion” or “affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the spring of 2020, the number of FBI investigations of suspected domestic extremists has more than doubled, according to the U.S. Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just over a year after hundreds of people stormed the United States Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021, in an attempt to stop the certification of the presidential election, the DOJ announced it was creating a special unit to address “the threat posed by domestic extremism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department arrested and charged more than 725 people for their alleged involvement in the insurrection. KQED found that at least 40 were from California, including Evan Neumann, a Mill Valley resident charged with 14 counts, including assaulting Capitol police. Neumann fled to Europe, crossing through prewar Ukraine and successfully claiming asylum in Belarus, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/03/23/evan-neumann-belarus-capitol-riot-asylum-ukraine/\">according to The Washington Post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11904864","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Carrillo-van-oakland-1020x631.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In February, a sergeant at Travis Air Force Base allegedly aligned with \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2021/01/27/who-are-boogaloos-who-were-visible-capitol-and-later-rallies\">boogaloo\u003c/a> adherents in Turlock, part of a loose-knit anti-government group trying to ignite a civil war, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11904864/ex-air-force-sergeant-pleads-guilty-to-killing-federal-guard-in-oakland-during-george-floyd-protests\">entered a guilty plea\u003c/a> for gunning down a federal officer in Oakland during a 2020 protest over police violence. He's also accused of murdering a Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s deputy a week later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just last month, an Orange County man was arrested for allegedly threatening to bomb the headquarters of Merriam-Webster, the dictionary publisher, because he was upset by the company’s definition of “female.” According to The Washington Post, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/04/25/merriam-webster-gender-death-threats/\">the man has allegedly been sending threatening messages since 2014\u003c/a>, and the FBI interviewed him in 2015 and in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid growing concerns of potential extremist violence, the FBI and local police \u003ca href=\"https://account.modbee.com/paywall/subscriber-only?resume=259694010&intcid=ab_archive\">recently held a town hall in Modesto\u003c/a>, urging residents to report possible domestic extremist threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>United by rage\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In an attempt to understand why two Bay Area men allegedly conspired to blow up a Sacramento building, KQED’s reporters visited the places where Rogers and Copeland worked, reviewed hundreds of pages of court documents and public records and interviewed more than a dozen people, including family members. Copeland and Rogers' attorneys refused requests to interview their clients, pending a final decision in their case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What emerged is a portrait of friends united by rage who found community within an obscure anti-government militia. But one kept his affiliation quiet, while the other proudly displayed his allegiance with a bumper sticker on his truck. Together, they allegedly hatched a violent plan that they hoped would spark more violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jon Blair, the assistant special agent in charge of counterterrorism at the FBI’s San Francisco field office, which investigated Rogers and Copeland, would not comment on the case, but said it’s not just the number of incidents that has gone up in California, but also the number of people involved and the severity of violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are actors who are predisposed towards these acts of violence, who are violating federal law and who are adhering to ideology,” Blair said. “They didn’t just come into existence after 2020, right? I do think they were a little more emboldened now because the rhetoric has become so pervasive and so loud in our culture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We are getting more reports from individuals who happen to be near people who are spewing the ideology and taking steps towards ... violent acts, saying, 'No, not here, not on my turf, not around me.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Jon Blair, FBI assistant special agent in charge of counterterrorism","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Southern Poverty Law Center, \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/hate-map\">which tracks hate groups throughout the country\u003c/a>, has identified 45 currently active anti-government groups in California, including four militias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, chapters of other groups — including III% United Patriots, III% Defense Militia, California Three Percenters, the original Three Percenters, Oath Keepers and West Coast Patriots — all have been active in California, according to the nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers and Copeland joined one of those, according to court records and screenshots obtained by KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time of his arrest, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21474115-rogers-motion-to-increase-bail-declaration\">Rogers told law enforcement\u003c/a> he was a member of a “prepper group” called 3UP, a California offshoot of the Three Percenters, court filings show. Detectives also found a bumper sticker on one of Rogers’ vehicles of the III% symbol: three lines encircled by 13 stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Three Percenters, according to the Southern Poverty Law Center, represent a sub-ideology of the broader anti-government militia movement, and some California members were \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/three-percenters-militia-members-charged-us-capitol-attack-2021-06-10/\">charged for participating in the January 6 insurrection\u003c/a>. Three Percenters believe the unproven assertion that just 3% of colonists defeated the English during the American Revolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3UP claimed to be a social club not affiliated with any militia, according to Facebook screenshots. When a reporter reached one member in Milpitas by phone, he said “no comment” and hung up the phone. Calls to a number of other members were not immediately returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copeland also was a member of 3UP, according to prosecutors. Screenshots of a now-defunct private Facebook group for Bay Area members showed Copeland as a member. A photograph posted to the page on Aug. 9, 2020, showed Rogers and Copeland with their wives at a barbecue that other members of 3UP attended, according to a screenshot shared with a KQED reporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s nothing illegal about socializing with members of a so-called “prepper group,” purchasing tactical equipment and believing the government should be overthrown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the FBI’s strategy for combatting terrorism focuses on thwarting attacks before they happen — a concept the agency refers to as “left of boom” — the agency cannot interfere with people exercising their constitutional rights to voice their anger at elected officials and political parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Blair said, the agency does not investigate groups — only individuals who break the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t care what you believe, because we’re not allowed to care what you believe, no matter how reprehensible those beliefs may be,” said Blair. “It’s only if your beliefs or your ideology are motivating you to commit an act of violence — that’s when you would suddenly become of concern to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blair said the FBI relies on tips to identify potential threats. He thinks more people are reporting extreme rhetoric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who are looking left and right and realizing that this is not necessarily the world we want to live in,” Blair surmised. “I think we are getting more reports from individuals who happen to be near people who are spewing the ideology and taking steps towards those violent acts, saying, ‘No, not here, not on my turf, not around me.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A 'one-man militia'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>An anonymous tipster urged the FBI to look into Rogers’ behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A KQED reporter was able to contact the individual who reported Rogers and confirm that the two had once been friends. According to the tipster, they shared a love for exotic cars and guns and had both voted for Donald Trump in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, in 2019, Rogers began to threaten violence, often seething with rage and lashing out at people around him, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11914068\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1125px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11914068\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/IanRogers-with-rifle.jpg\" alt=\"man wearing military fatigues and sunglasses outdoors smiles as he holds what appears to be an assault rifle\" width=\"1125\" height=\"941\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/IanRogers-with-rifle.jpg 1125w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/IanRogers-with-rifle-800x669.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/IanRogers-with-rifle-1020x853.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/IanRogers-with-rifle-160x134.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This screenshot from Facebook of Ian Rogers holding a rifle was included on an SD card an informer provided to the FBI in September 2020. \u003ccite>(Facebook)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The informer began documenting Rogers’ behavior. In September of 2020, he mailed an envelope to the San Francisco field office of the FBI. Inside was an SD card with screenshots of Rogers’ social media posts and a video of Rogers firing an AK-47 at a shooting range previously owned by Craig Bock, a prominent member of the Three Percenter movement, according to a lawsuit filed by Bock’s family after county officials revoked their lease for the shooting range, and to \u003ca href=\"https://www.vallejosun.com/solano-county-gun-club-twin-sisters-three-percenters/\">reporting by The Vallejo Sun\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tipster also emailed the Napa County Sheriff’s Office, warning that Rogers was “deranged” and “a one-man militia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following excerpt from the tipster’s email \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21474115-rogers-motion-to-increase-bail-declaration\">was contained in a Napa County Superior Court filing\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22014620-rogers-motion-to-increase-bail-declaration\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11914074\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/Screen-Shot-2022-05-13-at-12.18.54-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1638\" height=\"972\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/Screen-Shot-2022-05-13-at-12.18.54-PM.png 1638w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/Screen-Shot-2022-05-13-at-12.18.54-PM-800x475.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/Screen-Shot-2022-05-13-at-12.18.54-PM-1020x605.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/Screen-Shot-2022-05-13-at-12.18.54-PM-160x95.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/Screen-Shot-2022-05-13-at-12.18.54-PM-1536x911.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1638px) 100vw, 1638px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Napa County Sheriff’s Office and the FBI jointly investigated Rogers, according to a declaration by a county detective filed as part of a motion opposing Rogers’ bail. In November of 2020, authorities learned that Rogers had sold his home in American Canyon, a city about 10 miles south of Napa, and was flush with cash, according to the motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 15, just nine days after the insurrection at the U.S. Capitol, sheriff’s deputies detained Rogers at a traffic stop in downtown Napa and served him with search warrants for his home and auto-repair shop, according to court papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside a safe in Rogers’ office, law enforcement discovered five brick-sized pipe bombs, along with raw materials “that could be used to manufacture destructive devices, including black powder, pipes, endcaps,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22012703-210126-usa-v-rogers-complaint\">according to a federal criminal complaint\u003c/a>. There was “a Nazi flag and a Nazi dagger with markings from the Elite SS in Hitler’s army,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22011350-210510-rogers-napa-da-motion-to-deny-bail\">according to a separate court filing\u003c/a>. The safe also contained a “White Privilege Card,” according to an FBI affidavit and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22012703-210126-usa-v-rogers-complaint\">federal complaint\u003c/a> against Rogers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11914106\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11914106\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/WhitePrivelegeCard.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/WhitePrivelegeCard.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/WhitePrivelegeCard-160x116.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo of the 'White Privilege Card' found in Ian Rogers' safe, included in the federal complaint against him. \u003ccite>(U.S. District Court)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a storage closet, deputies found, according to records, “numerous rifles, including some that were fully automatic and some that had been modified to operate as machine guns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also found seven manuals on bomb making and survival tactics, including one called “The Anarchist Cookbook” and another titled “Homemade C-4,” an explosive material; approximately 15,000 rounds of ammunition; a homemade silencer; and “go bags” with body armor and bulletproof face shields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens more guns were found, unsecured, inside his home and RV. All told, officers collected 54 guns — including eight assault weapons considered illegal in California, according to the Napa County District Attorney. Rogers was arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers’ friends and family said he liked to pump iron, shoot semi-automatic rifles and drive fast cars. They also commented that he had used steroids to bulk up his 5’11” frame to 200 pounds in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one \u003ca href=\"https://sfist.com/2021/07/16/napa-man-with-white-privilege-card-and-accomplice/\">Facebook photo that went viral after his arrest\u003c/a>, Rogers sits at the wheel of his DeLorean, the gull-wing door raised, his muscular arms bulging under a cutoff T-shirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11914001\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11914001\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersDelorean.jpg\" alt=\"man wearing camo shirt with bare arms and visible Nazi-esque eagle tattoo sits at wheel of Delorean car with door open\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1289\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersDelorean.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersDelorean-800x537.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersDelorean-1020x685.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersDelorean-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersDelorean-1536x1031.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ian Rogers sits at the wheel of his DeLorean in a Facebook photo that went viral after his arrest in 2021. The photo shows his tattoo resembling a Nazi eagle. \u003ccite>(Facebook)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rogers has a tattoo on his upper left arm of an eagle that resembles the Nazi eagle, which he made no effort to hide. He is wearing camouflage fatigues and his hair is cropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers learned how to fix cars in his father’s repair shop in Sonoma County when he was young. In 2005, he and his first wife, Julie Crisci, opened British Auto Repair in Napa. Rogers catered to wine country residents of diverse ethnic backgrounds who praised his mechanical skills and professionalism in dozens of online reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But two witnesses told KQED they heard Rogers use racist slurs to refer to clients. Those individuals said he expressed rage toward people of other races.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A longtime Napa resident, who asked to remain anonymous for fear of retribution, described one of Rogers’ tirades: “He was just stomping around, you know, ‘these mother****ing’ — you know, dropping N-bombs — ‘with their stupid’ — just like, like flexing, just flipping out. Other times you just hear him screaming about whatever — the Jews or, you know, Nancy Pelosi.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said Rogers told people he named his German shepherd “Fritz” after Hitler’s personal dog handler, Fritz Tornow. Rogers also built a working MG 42, a machine gun that Allied troops nicknamed “Hitler’s Buzzsaw” because of the noise it made spewing 1,200-1,500 rounds of ammunition per minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s a bad dude,” the Napa resident said. “He’s going to get what he deserves, hopefully. But, he’ll also be some sort of martyr for extremists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11914113\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11914113\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersPipeBombs.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersPipeBombs.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RogersPipeBombs-160x101.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The five pipe bombs seized at Rogers' auto repair shop 'were fully operational and could cause great bodily harm or injury,' according to a Napa County Sheriff's Office bomb technician in the federal complaint against Rogers. \u003ccite>(US District Court)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rogers also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22011730-210120-rogers-crisci-texts-exhibit2\">used racist slurs to describe his former Asian American neighbors in text messages to Crisci\u003c/a> that were included in court filings. On Sept. 16, 2019, he wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hate this town I’ll be happier away from the [N-word]. I’m sick of my stupid [racist slur for people of Korean descent] neighbors. I can’t forgive them for calling the cops on my numerous times over bullshit. Neighbors should have your back and they are backstabbers. Typical Asian assholes, they only care about themselvs and they’re families. I hate Asians they are rude and dishonest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A business acquaintance of Rogers said he never heard him use racist language. Cliff Marden, who sold auto-repair tools to Rogers for over a decade, described his client as opinionated, but not violent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ian is not a terrorist by any means. He’s not a threat to the public,” Marden said when reached by phone. “He was a businessman and he was an outstanding person and individual of the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marden said Rogers got in trouble because he said the wrong things at the wrong time, but never would have acted on those threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had too much to lose to do something like that,” Marden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers has a young son from his first marriage, and had recently remarried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A woman who answered the door at Rogers’ last known address confirmed she had married him a year and a half earlier. Yuliia Rogers said she met her husband online and that he came to see her in her native Ukraine three times before they married.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was very wonderful,” she said, smiling as she reminisced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yuliia Rogers said she now reminds her husband of that time with a photograph “to keep him positive” while he’s incarcerated. She said her husband had been collecting guns for 20 years and that it was his “passion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She did not believe he was capable of violence and never feared for her own safety, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He never was mean or trying to do something bad to another person,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said her husband was probably drinking when he wrote those texts to Copeland and was just venting his frustration over the presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He never was going to do it,” Yuliia Rogers said. “It was maybe like little boys like, ‘I will,’ ‘I can do this,’ or ‘we can do this.’ But it was just like playing.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"instagramLink","attributes":{"named":{"instagramId":"CbLrxYCP1Fa"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>While Rogers had a big personality and a wide circle of clients and friends, Copeland was friendly but quiet, according to people who talked to him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had more meaningful conversations with Ian than Jarrod,” said Jag Rattu, owner of Audio House, a Napa car audio and window tint business, who often saw the two weight-lifting at a nearby gym.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copeland, 38, started working as a mechanic at Rogers’ shop in 2011, according to his LinkedIn profile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were like brothers. Like really close homies,” Rattu said. “They’d spot each other. I’m working [out] on a machine across from them, they’d be joking around, smiling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rattu said he noticed that after Trump was elected, Rogers, whom he’s known since 2007, became more politically vocal on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people got way to the left and some people got way to the right,” Rattu said. “I started seeing hatred come through in his Facebook posts. He hated Gavin Newsom for some reason. I heard something about him wanting to beat up Newsom. But I thought it was all jokes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rattu said that he was most surprised by the Nazi memorabilia and “white privilege card” investigators found in Rogers’ safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m Indian,” Rattu said. “I get mistaken for Muslim. I’ve gotten racist attacks against me. After 9/11, I almost got jumped by these guys. I tell you, Ian never, never — and Jarrod, too — never brought up stuff like this. They treated me like any old guy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'My communication consists of fists and bullets'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A few years after meeting Rogers, Copeland enlisted in the U.S. Army. But his military career was cut short when he was arrested for desertion in May of 2014, not long after the start of basic training. In 2016, he was arrested for desertion a second time. He received an “other than honorable” discharge in lieu of court-martial the following month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22014785-copeland-rogers-motion-to-detain-public\">according to court records\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors allege that after Copeland was discharged from the Army, he joined an affiliate of the Three Percenter movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to court documents, Copeland told Rogers that he was offered an officer position in the group, in either communications or security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But my communication consists of fists and bullets sooooo,” Copeland messaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several months after his discharge from the Army, Copeland became general manager of Pep Boys in Vallejo. Justin Laquindanum, who told KQED he worked there at the same time, said Copeland was into guns and wore a close-cropped, militaristic haircut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s more into the [right to bear] arms — one of the topics he says is a definition of being American. A lot of soldier talk,” Laquindanum said, adding that Copeland helped him through a difficult period in his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politics often came up in their conversations while working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He would ask me, ‘Hey, what do you think about this Black Lives Matter shit?’” Laquindanum said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At times, Laquindanum felt Copeland was “testing” him, that his response would determine how much Copeland shared with him moving forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt like he wanted to know, essentially, are you more Democratic or are you more Republican?” Laquindanum said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copeland aspired to be a cop, and he seemed agitated about being rejected by numerous police departments throughout the Bay Area and the California Highway Patrol, according to Laquindanum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Laquindanum said, he helped Copeland move into his in-laws’ three-bedroom house in north Vallejo. A family member who spoke to KQED, but then later declined to be quoted for fear of retribution, said Copeland spent long hours alone on the computer, and often made emotionally charged comments about politics or quoted Bible verses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the week after the storming of the Capitol, Rogers and Copeland agreed to wait until Inauguration Day before taking action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s see what happens after the 20th we go to war,” Rogers messaged on Jan. 11, 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Copy,” Copeland replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"link1":"https://www.npr.org/2022/03/23/1088205226/evan-neumann-jan-6-insurrection-suspect-refugee-belarus-asylum,Bay Area Capitol Insurrection Suspect Wanted by the FBI Granted Refugee Status in Belarus","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/Neumann-1020x560.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The day after Rogers’ business and home were searched, a friend sent Copeland a link to a news article about his friend’s arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you think they look at our texts?” Copeland asked, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22014785-copeland-rogers-motion-to-detain-public\">according to court records\u003c/a>. “Because we talk about some shit bro.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copeland immediately contacted one of the leaders of a militia he belonged to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Crap,” the man replied, urging Copeland to delete the evidence from his phone and switch to a new communications platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Delete all. Jarrod this sucks, but we will get through it,” the man said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Copeland’s house was searched on Jan. 17, 2021, two days after Rogers’ arrest, the communication with Rogers was missing from his phone. Six months later, the FBI arrested Copeland in Sacramento, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22014788-motion-to-unseal-copeland-arrest-info-public\">according to court documents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copeland’s cousin, Novice Doublin, speaking to KQED by phone from Mayfield, Kentucky, said the allegations didn’t sound like Copeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Growing up, he wasn’t the one who was out hunting and fishing and trying to figure out how to take 30 firecrackers to a pop bottle and make it blow up, you know? That was the rest of us,” Doublin said. “As far as I can remember, he’s never even had a speeding ticket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You meet different people at different points in your life,” Doublin continued. “Some good, some not so good. A lot of people talk shit. And, most people don’t pay it no attention. I don’t think Jarrod realized the severity behind the conversation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He made a mistake,” Copeland’s brother, Wesley Copeland, told a reporter via Facebook message. “He would never hurt anyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kyle Harris, who told KQED he also worked with Copeland at Pep Boys, said that while he and Copeland talked about their shared conservative political views, Copeland never displayed an openness to extremism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just hard to believe that he went from that to just an extremist like over, what — since I met him, a couple months?” Harris said. “It’s a good possibility he was suckered into doing something like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, nothing in the text exchanges included in court records indicates Rogers pressured or manipulated Copeland into agreeing to an act of violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July of 2020, Copeland’s wife declined to be his court-appointed custodian at an initial bail hearing. Sheila Copeland later reconsidered, court records show, but after a judge reviewed transcripts of recorded phone calls between the two, he opted to keep Copeland behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fphoto.php%3Ffbid%3D10100850113931966%26set%3Da.660083400716%26type%3D3&show_text=false&width=500\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"600\" height=\"498\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; web-share\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Court has reviewed the transcripts of the Defendant's calls to his wife from the jail after the first bail hearing and is disturbed by the anger and volatility apparent in them,” U.S. Magistrate Judge Alex G. Tse \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21492306-copeland-order-detaining-the-defendant#document/p4/a2097114\">wrote in his order\u003c/a>. “It is clear to the Court from the Defendant’s statements made in the phone calls that he would present a danger to the community, and that no custodian or surety would have the moral suasion to ensure the necessary compliance with any conditions imposed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple attempts to reach Copeland’s wife were unsuccessful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If their federal case goes to trial, prosecutors will be faced with proving the men broke the law in the process of planning an attack that didn’t happen. Doing so could be difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no specific federal crimes attached to domestic terrorism in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal prosecutors typically charge individuals planning to carry out homegrown, politically motivated violence with another crime they committed on their pathway toward launching an attack — like possession of illegal firearms or conspiracy — according to FBI Agent Blair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, after the Oklahoma City bombing, they were not charged with a federal domestic terrorism crime — because there isn't one,” Blair said. “They were charged with murder at the state level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recent acquittal of two men charged with conspiring to kidnap Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer is one example of how prosecutors can fail to prove conspiracy. In that case, defense attorneys argued the FBI entrapped the men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers and Copeland remain in federal custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers’ shop closed last year, according to a May 12, 2021, \u003ca href=\"https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/napa-county-judge-keeps-bail-at-1-5-million-in-bombs-illegal-firearms-case/article_cd74c5e5-91e6-5ba8-a3ee-b8238b5627a2.html\">report in the Napa Valley Register\u003c/a> citing testimony from Crisci. At a hearing to determine whether Rogers posed a flight risk if allowed to post bail, his former wife and business partner told the judge that Rogers owed nearly $300,000 and had only enough cash to support his family for a few more months. Crisci did not return calls for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For people to say they did this because the president told them to do it or they were following orders — that has nothing to do with Mr. Rogers and who he is,” said Colin Cooper, Rogers’ attorney. “He’s accused of having essentially weapons that are deemed illegal, and he will pay a very serious penalty for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ambrosio said his client accepts responsibility, but distanced Copeland from those who participated in the 2021 insurrection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With all the Jan. 6 stuff that also happened, those people actually hopped on a bus or a plane or train and went to the Capitol. They actually trespassed onto federal property and took active steps to either protest or riot,” Ambrosio said. “But he’s a human being. I’ve known him for a number of years. I think he’s a good person. Now do we sit down and talk about politics? No, we don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11913965/plot-to-blow-up-democratic-headquarters-exposed-california-extremists-hiding-in-plain-sight","authors":["11490","6625"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_20156","news_29027","news_29026","news_30202","news_425","news_27626","news_31104","news_2520","news_6565","news_17968","news_19216"],"featImg":"news_11914097","label":"news_72"},"news_11879719":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11879719","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11879719","score":null,"sort":[1625230847000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"owls-swallows-and-bluebirds-the-secret-allies-of-bay-area-farmers","title":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers","publishDate":1625230847,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Dennis Tamura never set out to be a bird-watcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been a farmer for over 35 years, and he and his wife grow organic vegetables and flowers on Blue Heron Farms outside Watsonville. But birds have become a part of the farm’s ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 15 years ago, a bird-loving neighbor put up small wooden bird boxes on the fence posts that line Blue Heron Farms, and Tamura just started noticing the tree swallows and Western bluebirds that came to visit. Today, he points out a fluffy baby tree swallow, its comically large yellow mouth peeking out of a hole in the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The parents come by and you’ll see that their mouth is always wide open. ‘Hey, come on! I’m hungry!’ ” he said with a laugh. “It’s always kind of fun to watch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880219\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880219 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person stands in a field looking off camera.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmer Dennis Tamura stands in one of his farm’s fields on June 10, 2021. Tamura says having the barn owls, tree swallows and Western bluebirds nest in boxes on his farm has done more than just offer pest control. They help him see his farm more deeply. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Their habit is to just fly and dart around pretty low because they’re snagging insects on the fly. And then they swoop in and feed — boom — immediately, and then they turn around and go back out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like he described, a handsome tree swallow, with its white belly and iridescent blue back, flew low over the crops, then turned toward a bird box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They feed them instantaneously. It’s pretty interesting,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without landing, the parent put an insect in the baby’s mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One insect Tamura worries about is the flea beetle, which loves eating plants from the Brassica family, like broccoli and bok choy. Some of the damage caused by the flea beetles is just cosmetic, he said. “But sometimes they can outright kill plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right around this time of year, when the birds begin to leave, he said, “I notice that there’s a lot more flea beetle damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the birds help with pest insects, and they’re getting something back from the farm.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Important Allies\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Those bird boxes are simple, but they’re important. \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/silent-skies-billions-of-north-american-birds-have-vanished/\">Pesticide use and habitat\u003c/a> loss shrunk the bird population in North America by almost\u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/366/6461/120\"> 3 billion\u003c/a> since 1970. That’s nearly a 30% drop. The whole ecosystem feels that loss, since birds pollinate plants, and, like on this farm, control pest insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds like tree swallows and Western bluebirds would naturally build nests in tree cavities, but the plywood boxes all over the farm are a good substitute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also work well for barn owls. In his barn, Tamura pointed out the one box where barn owls have nested the last eight years or so, and help control his top rodent problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of gophers. I mean, we trap them but there’s no way we’re going to get them all,” Tamura said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880227\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1821px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A small colorful bird flies its way to a bird box.\" width=\"1821\" height=\"1215\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut.jpg 1821w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1821px) 100vw, 1821px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On Blue Heron Farms, an adult tree swallow feeds its baby on June 10, 2021. The swallows swoop low over the fields picking off insects mid-flight. Often, they’re feeding their young flea beetles, insects that can cause damage to crops. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>White droppings and clumps of regurgitated gopher cover the barn floor. Owls eat their prey whole and cough up the fur and bones, which they can’t digest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking a look at the mess left behind by the birds, Tamura said, “Well, they eat a lot of gophers. It’s pretty astounding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='environment']Jo Ann Baumgartner runs \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildfarmalliance.org/\">Wild Farm Alliance\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helps farmers support, and benefit from, wild nature. The organization has developed a \u003ca href=\"https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/5f2c1d71822c4cb8a9ebade1206fc0d5\">Songbird Farm Trail\u003c/a> to map locations with bird boxes, monitor changes in bird population and encourage more participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to see a million bird boxes,” she said. She added little metal tags to the bird boxes on Blue Heron Farm, and will observe bird behavior here. Monitoring bird life in boxes will add to the growing citizen science and academic research about beneficial birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These studies used to be common, Baumgartner said. “Back in the 1880s, the precursor to the USDA started studying how important birds were for eating pest insects and rodents. They asked farmers to shoot birds, which you could never do today, and pickle their stomachs and mail them in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These researchers studied the birds’ stomach contents, she explains, which led to a flurry of research papers published afterward on this topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When pesticides gained wide use, Baumgartner said, these studies fell by the wayside. But, over the last two decades, researchers have started to study once again the benefits birds provide to farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University, spends his days studying the relationship between birds and farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University\"]‘A lot of that habitat is gone and has been replaced by vineyards.’[/pullquote]He said that in Napa County, where he conducts his research, “the \u003ca href=\"https://www.suscolcouncil.org/about-us/firstpeopleshistory/\">Wappo\u003c/a> were the indigenous people here. They managed this place with a lot of traditional fire, keeping it an open grassland, with huge oaks that the first European colonizers waxed poetic about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he added, “a lot of that habitat is gone and has been replaced by vineyards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880232\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1863px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A man stands outside, next to a bird box. On one hand, he has his cellphone, on the other one he holds a very long pole.\" width=\"1863\" height=\"1243\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut.jpg 1863w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1863px) 100vw, 1863px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson checks on his phone the live images transmitted from a GoPro camera to monitor the activity of the barn owls inside the bird boxes on March 14, 2021. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson drove through a vineyard in American Canyon, stopping to check owl boxes for nests or eggs. He got out of his truck and walked towards an owl box about 15 feet off the ground and pointed out the scratches on the outside of the hole, a good sign that there’d been recent activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quietly approaching the box, he extended a painter’s pole with a GoPro camera attached to the top, which connects to his phone. Slipping the GoPro into the box, Johnson looked at his phone to get a view of what’s inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Male and female,” he whispered. “I can see an egg underneath the female. I’m going to get out of there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People have built birdhouses for centuries, and Johnson says that farmers from Chile to South Africa put up barn owl boxes because they’ve seen barn owls eat rodents on their farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily need a lot of scientific evidence to show that this is working. They’re seeing it on the ground,” he said. The academic research on the impact of owls on farms, however, was slim, so Johnson began the \u003ca href=\"https://www.owlresearchinstitute.org/barn-owl-research\">Barn Owl Research Project\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we have some scientific evidence,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880228 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Images of barn owls in their boxes captured by the team at Barn Owl Research Humboldt State University.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson’s research team places cameras near the bird boxes it manages to keep track of the behavior of the birds. This is the inside of one of the boxes. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matt Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson’s team installed infrared cameras in owl boxes all over Napa Valley to monitor what owls hunted at night, and placed GPS trackers on owls to see where they hunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University\"]‘They don’t necessarily need a lot of scientific evidence to show that this is working. They’re seeing it on the ground.’[/pullquote]“Our estimate is that a family of barn owls removes 3,400 rodents from the landscape every year,” Johnson said. “So some of these farms, like this one that has 20 occupied boxes, you’re talking about 70,000 rodents removed every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their research showed that one-third of these rodents came directly from vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This vineyard was started by the man who helped put California wines on the map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-’70s, Miljenko “Mike” Grgich was the winemaker for Chateau Montelena, \u003ca href=\"https://www.vivino.com/wine-news/the-day-california-wine-beat-the-french-and-shocked-the-world#:~:text=The%20Day%20California%20Wine%20Beat%20the%20French%20and%20Shocked%20the%20World,-By%20Michelle%20Locke&text=In%201976%2C%20Napa%20Valley's%20Chateau,wine%2C%E2%80%9D%20declared%20Robert%20Parker.\">the vineyard that beat French wine\u003c/a> in a taste test that became known as the Judgement of Paris. He went on to start \u003ca href=\"https://www.grgich.com/our-story/\">Grgich Hills Estate\u003c/a>, where his nephew, \u003ca href=\"https://www.grgich.com/our-story/people/\">Ivo Jeramaz\u003c/a>, continues the winemaking tradition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Johnson checked the barn owl boxes, Jeramaz walked by and said he’d love to add more to his vineyards. Johnson explained that after analyzing this season’s data, his team can point out new locations that owls would probably like.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Conservation With People’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, Johnson met up with three grad students at another Napa vineyard to collect data and place ID bands on barn owls to study them for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They walked down to a box, wearing headlamps. First, they checked the owl box. Next, they set a trap for an adult returning to feed its young. The box is designed, Johnson explained, so that when an owl enters it, a little door swings shut and LED lights turn on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a short wait, they all see movement. “So an adult owl flew in,” said Johnson. “We think it might be the female. She landed on the box and she’s … .”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before he finished his sentence, the light turned on. “Oh, there she is. She’s inside! Let’s go!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team quickly walked down to the box, set up a ladder and listened in to the parent feeding baby owls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making sure the adult didn’t escape from the side door, Johnson asked one of the graduate students to shine a light inside the box while he reached in with a gloved hand to grab the owl’s feet and pull it from the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The owl appeared, with its white wings spread wide out from its heart-shaped face. They put a little hood over its head to calm it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880230\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880230 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person ties an ID band around the leg of a barn owl at night.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laura Echávez, member of Matt Johnson’s research team, attaches a USGS metal ID band on a barn owl on March 30, 2021. After carefully taking measurements, the team makes sure to return each owl to its birdbox. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When they got back to the truck, graduate student \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.humboldt.edu/graduate-students/laura-ech%C3%A1vez\">Laura Echávez\u003c/a> said that the next step is to take a metal band issued by the U.S. Geological Survey and place it around the foot of the owl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She held the owl with confidence and tenderness, talking to it softly as she secured the metal band. “Can you lift your head a little buddy?” she said. “There, perfect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, after about 20 minutes of taking measurements and photos for their research, the team returned the owl to the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson hopes his team’s research can highlight the reciprocal relationship between farmers and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barn owls are one species that depend on oak trees, using the big cavities around the tree’s trunk to build nests. But with the growth of the vineyards and other development, many oak trees in this valley have disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When farmers put up these nesting boxes, it’s amazing,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an old conservation model where the idea is that we need to protect nature from people, and just lock it away and keep people out,” he explained. The flip side would be conserving nature exclusively for people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Neither of those is really quite right. I think we should think about conservation \u003ci>with\u003c/i> people, you know, understanding that we are part of the ecosystem and we do things that negatively affect some species,” Johnson said. “We can also do some things that help species survive and they in return can help us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880229\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880229 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A group of infant owls gather inside a birdbox.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researcher Matt Johnson explains that through his research he’s learned more about how much birds contribute to the well-being of humans, and ways humans can give back. A group of infant barn owls gather inside one of the bird boxes, in an image captured by the Humboldt State University barn owl research team. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matt Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>‘They’re Welcome to Be Here’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back at Blue Heron Farms outside Watsonville, farmer Dennis Tamura says that having the barn owls, tree swallows and Western bluebirds nest in boxes on his farm has done more than just offer pest control — they help him see his farm more deeply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing what you’re looking at, it’s different than just looking and watching,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re welcome to be here because there’s plenty of food, as far as I can tell. For me, they just enhance the whole environment. And obviously they do some help for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, I pointed out, he provides a home for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah,” he said with a laugh, “I guess you could say that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That seems like a pretty fair trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was produced in collaboration with the\u003ca href=\"http://thefern.org/\"> Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, investigative news organization. The author produced the story while in residence at \u003ca href=\"https://tskw.org/#\">The Studios of Key West\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Both farmers and researchers are learning more about the role birds can play in farms, like controlling pests. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1701974790,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":60,"wordCount":2294},"headData":{"title":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers | KQED","description":"Both farmers and researchers are learning more about the role birds can play in farms, like controlling pests. ","ogTitle":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"The California Report Magazine","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/program/the-california-report-magazine","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/437367f6-7cb4-43cf-b3fb-ad5901800b41/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/news/11879719/owls-swallows-and-bluebirds-the-secret-allies-of-bay-area-farmers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dennis Tamura never set out to be a bird-watcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been a farmer for over 35 years, and he and his wife grow organic vegetables and flowers on Blue Heron Farms outside Watsonville. But birds have become a part of the farm’s ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 15 years ago, a bird-loving neighbor put up small wooden bird boxes on the fence posts that line Blue Heron Farms, and Tamura just started noticing the tree swallows and Western bluebirds that came to visit. Today, he points out a fluffy baby tree swallow, its comically large yellow mouth peeking out of a hole in the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The parents come by and you’ll see that their mouth is always wide open. ‘Hey, come on! I’m hungry!’ ” he said with a laugh. “It’s always kind of fun to watch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880219\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880219 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person stands in a field looking off camera.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmer Dennis Tamura stands in one of his farm’s fields on June 10, 2021. Tamura says having the barn owls, tree swallows and Western bluebirds nest in boxes on his farm has done more than just offer pest control. They help him see his farm more deeply. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Their habit is to just fly and dart around pretty low because they’re snagging insects on the fly. And then they swoop in and feed — boom — immediately, and then they turn around and go back out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like he described, a handsome tree swallow, with its white belly and iridescent blue back, flew low over the crops, then turned toward a bird box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They feed them instantaneously. It’s pretty interesting,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without landing, the parent put an insect in the baby’s mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One insect Tamura worries about is the flea beetle, which loves eating plants from the Brassica family, like broccoli and bok choy. Some of the damage caused by the flea beetles is just cosmetic, he said. “But sometimes they can outright kill plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right around this time of year, when the birds begin to leave, he said, “I notice that there’s a lot more flea beetle damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the birds help with pest insects, and they’re getting something back from the farm.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Important Allies\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Those bird boxes are simple, but they’re important. \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/silent-skies-billions-of-north-american-birds-have-vanished/\">Pesticide use and habitat\u003c/a> loss shrunk the bird population in North America by almost\u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/366/6461/120\"> 3 billion\u003c/a> since 1970. That’s nearly a 30% drop. The whole ecosystem feels that loss, since birds pollinate plants, and, like on this farm, control pest insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds like tree swallows and Western bluebirds would naturally build nests in tree cavities, but the plywood boxes all over the farm are a good substitute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also work well for barn owls. In his barn, Tamura pointed out the one box where barn owls have nested the last eight years or so, and help control his top rodent problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of gophers. I mean, we trap them but there’s no way we’re going to get them all,” Tamura said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880227\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1821px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A small colorful bird flies its way to a bird box.\" width=\"1821\" height=\"1215\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut.jpg 1821w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1821px) 100vw, 1821px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On Blue Heron Farms, an adult tree swallow feeds its baby on June 10, 2021. The swallows swoop low over the fields picking off insects mid-flight. Often, they’re feeding their young flea beetles, insects that can cause damage to crops. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>White droppings and clumps of regurgitated gopher cover the barn floor. Owls eat their prey whole and cough up the fur and bones, which they can’t digest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking a look at the mess left behind by the birds, Tamura said, “Well, they eat a lot of gophers. It’s pretty astounding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"environment"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Jo Ann Baumgartner runs \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildfarmalliance.org/\">Wild Farm Alliance\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helps farmers support, and benefit from, wild nature. The organization has developed a \u003ca href=\"https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/5f2c1d71822c4cb8a9ebade1206fc0d5\">Songbird Farm Trail\u003c/a> to map locations with bird boxes, monitor changes in bird population and encourage more participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to see a million bird boxes,” she said. She added little metal tags to the bird boxes on Blue Heron Farm, and will observe bird behavior here. Monitoring bird life in boxes will add to the growing citizen science and academic research about beneficial birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These studies used to be common, Baumgartner said. “Back in the 1880s, the precursor to the USDA started studying how important birds were for eating pest insects and rodents. They asked farmers to shoot birds, which you could never do today, and pickle their stomachs and mail them in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These researchers studied the birds’ stomach contents, she explains, which led to a flurry of research papers published afterward on this topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When pesticides gained wide use, Baumgartner said, these studies fell by the wayside. But, over the last two decades, researchers have started to study once again the benefits birds provide to farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University, spends his days studying the relationship between birds and farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘A lot of that habitat is gone and has been replaced by vineyards.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He said that in Napa County, where he conducts his research, “the \u003ca href=\"https://www.suscolcouncil.org/about-us/firstpeopleshistory/\">Wappo\u003c/a> were the indigenous people here. They managed this place with a lot of traditional fire, keeping it an open grassland, with huge oaks that the first European colonizers waxed poetic about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he added, “a lot of that habitat is gone and has been replaced by vineyards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880232\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1863px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A man stands outside, next to a bird box. On one hand, he has his cellphone, on the other one he holds a very long pole.\" width=\"1863\" height=\"1243\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut.jpg 1863w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1863px) 100vw, 1863px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson checks on his phone the live images transmitted from a GoPro camera to monitor the activity of the barn owls inside the bird boxes on March 14, 2021. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson drove through a vineyard in American Canyon, stopping to check owl boxes for nests or eggs. He got out of his truck and walked towards an owl box about 15 feet off the ground and pointed out the scratches on the outside of the hole, a good sign that there’d been recent activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quietly approaching the box, he extended a painter’s pole with a GoPro camera attached to the top, which connects to his phone. Slipping the GoPro into the box, Johnson looked at his phone to get a view of what’s inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Male and female,” he whispered. “I can see an egg underneath the female. I’m going to get out of there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People have built birdhouses for centuries, and Johnson says that farmers from Chile to South Africa put up barn owl boxes because they’ve seen barn owls eat rodents on their farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily need a lot of scientific evidence to show that this is working. They’re seeing it on the ground,” he said. The academic research on the impact of owls on farms, however, was slim, so Johnson began the \u003ca href=\"https://www.owlresearchinstitute.org/barn-owl-research\">Barn Owl Research Project\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we have some scientific evidence,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880228 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Images of barn owls in their boxes captured by the team at Barn Owl Research Humboldt State University.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson’s research team places cameras near the bird boxes it manages to keep track of the behavior of the birds. This is the inside of one of the boxes. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matt Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson’s team installed infrared cameras in owl boxes all over Napa Valley to monitor what owls hunted at night, and placed GPS trackers on owls to see where they hunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘They don’t necessarily need a lot of scientific evidence to show that this is working. They’re seeing it on the ground.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Our estimate is that a family of barn owls removes 3,400 rodents from the landscape every year,” Johnson said. “So some of these farms, like this one that has 20 occupied boxes, you’re talking about 70,000 rodents removed every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their research showed that one-third of these rodents came directly from vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This vineyard was started by the man who helped put California wines on the map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-’70s, Miljenko “Mike” Grgich was the winemaker for Chateau Montelena, \u003ca href=\"https://www.vivino.com/wine-news/the-day-california-wine-beat-the-french-and-shocked-the-world#:~:text=The%20Day%20California%20Wine%20Beat%20the%20French%20and%20Shocked%20the%20World,-By%20Michelle%20Locke&text=In%201976%2C%20Napa%20Valley's%20Chateau,wine%2C%E2%80%9D%20declared%20Robert%20Parker.\">the vineyard that beat French wine\u003c/a> in a taste test that became known as the Judgement of Paris. He went on to start \u003ca href=\"https://www.grgich.com/our-story/\">Grgich Hills Estate\u003c/a>, where his nephew, \u003ca href=\"https://www.grgich.com/our-story/people/\">Ivo Jeramaz\u003c/a>, continues the winemaking tradition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Johnson checked the barn owl boxes, Jeramaz walked by and said he’d love to add more to his vineyards. Johnson explained that after analyzing this season’s data, his team can point out new locations that owls would probably like.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Conservation With People’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, Johnson met up with three grad students at another Napa vineyard to collect data and place ID bands on barn owls to study them for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They walked down to a box, wearing headlamps. First, they checked the owl box. Next, they set a trap for an adult returning to feed its young. The box is designed, Johnson explained, so that when an owl enters it, a little door swings shut and LED lights turn on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a short wait, they all see movement. “So an adult owl flew in,” said Johnson. “We think it might be the female. She landed on the box and she’s … .”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before he finished his sentence, the light turned on. “Oh, there she is. She’s inside! Let’s go!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team quickly walked down to the box, set up a ladder and listened in to the parent feeding baby owls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making sure the adult didn’t escape from the side door, Johnson asked one of the graduate students to shine a light inside the box while he reached in with a gloved hand to grab the owl’s feet and pull it from the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The owl appeared, with its white wings spread wide out from its heart-shaped face. They put a little hood over its head to calm it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880230\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880230 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person ties an ID band around the leg of a barn owl at night.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laura Echávez, member of Matt Johnson’s research team, attaches a USGS metal ID band on a barn owl on March 30, 2021. After carefully taking measurements, the team makes sure to return each owl to its birdbox. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When they got back to the truck, graduate student \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.humboldt.edu/graduate-students/laura-ech%C3%A1vez\">Laura Echávez\u003c/a> said that the next step is to take a metal band issued by the U.S. Geological Survey and place it around the foot of the owl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She held the owl with confidence and tenderness, talking to it softly as she secured the metal band. “Can you lift your head a little buddy?” she said. “There, perfect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, after about 20 minutes of taking measurements and photos for their research, the team returned the owl to the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson hopes his team’s research can highlight the reciprocal relationship between farmers and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barn owls are one species that depend on oak trees, using the big cavities around the tree’s trunk to build nests. But with the growth of the vineyards and other development, many oak trees in this valley have disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When farmers put up these nesting boxes, it’s amazing,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an old conservation model where the idea is that we need to protect nature from people, and just lock it away and keep people out,” he explained. The flip side would be conserving nature exclusively for people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Neither of those is really quite right. I think we should think about conservation \u003ci>with\u003c/i> people, you know, understanding that we are part of the ecosystem and we do things that negatively affect some species,” Johnson said. “We can also do some things that help species survive and they in return can help us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880229\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880229 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A group of infant owls gather inside a birdbox.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researcher Matt Johnson explains that through his research he’s learned more about how much birds contribute to the well-being of humans, and ways humans can give back. A group of infant barn owls gather inside one of the bird boxes, in an image captured by the Humboldt State University barn owl research team. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matt Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>‘They’re Welcome to Be Here’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back at Blue Heron Farms outside Watsonville, farmer Dennis Tamura says that having the barn owls, tree swallows and Western bluebirds nest in boxes on his farm has done more than just offer pest control — they help him see his farm more deeply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing what you’re looking at, it’s different than just looking and watching,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re welcome to be here because there’s plenty of food, as far as I can tell. For me, they just enhance the whole environment. And obviously they do some help for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, I pointed out, he provides a home for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah,” he said with a laugh, “I guess you could say that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That seems like a pretty fair trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was produced in collaboration with the\u003ca href=\"http://thefern.org/\"> Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, investigative news organization. The author produced the story while in residence at \u003ca href=\"https://tskw.org/#\">The Studios of Key West\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11879719/owls-swallows-and-bluebirds-the-secret-allies-of-bay-area-farmers","authors":["3229"],"programs":["news_72","news_26731"],"series":["news_17045"],"categories":["news_19906","news_24114","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_2426","news_18538","news_28519","news_21074","news_20023","news_18163","news_28199","news_6565","news_29648","news_20851","news_3800","news_1275"],"featImg":"news_11880216","label":"source_news_11879719"},"news_11841618":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11841618","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11841618","score":null,"sort":[1602272542000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"immigrant-workers-power-napa-valleys-economy-but-fires-and-covid-are-destroying-jobs","title":"Immigrant Workers Power Napa Valley's Economy – But Fires and COVID-19 Are Destroying Jobs","publishDate":1602272542,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11842308/los-trabajadores-inmigrantes-impulsan-la-economia-del-valle-de-napa-pero-los-incendios-y-el-covid-19-estan-eliminando-esos-trabajos\">Leer en Español\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos Arnulfo Vergara, an evacuee forced to flee from the Glass Fire burning in Napa and Sonoma counties, arrived at an emergency center at Napa Valley College earlier this week with a furrowed brow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vergara, a farmworker for more than two decades, had planned on working the entire harvest season. But the destruction wrought by recent wildfires in the form of scorched vineyards and smoke-damaged grapes has cut short many local vineyard and winery jobs, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s over. The fire came and finished everything,” said Vergara, 59, an immigrant from Mexico who lives at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.countyofnapa.org/467/Housing-Authority\">Calistoga Farmworker Center\u003c/a>. “I’m not going to work the rest of October or November. That’s money that won’t go into my pocket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jenny Ocón, executive director of UpValley Family Centers\"]'It’s just devastating for the community. It’s been one thing after another.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The immediate danger to thousands of residents of Calistoga, St. Helena and other Napa Valley communities has subsided as firefighters continue to make progress against the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2020/9/27/glass-fire/\">Glass Fire\u003c/a>, which has charred over 67,000 acres since igniting on Sept. 27 and is now nearly 75% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many of the region’s Latino immigrant workers – who are key to the local economy – say this year’s wildfires have intensified another danger: income and job losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of the coronavirus pandemic, many local families have struggled financially as shelter-in-place measures hampered tourism, restaurants and wine businesses, said Jenny Ocón, executive director for UpValley Family Centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just devastating for the community. It’s been one thing after another,” she said. “And in particular, the immigrant community is pretty hard-hit because often certain members are not eligible for federal benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Undocumented immigrants are ineligible for unemployment insurance, coronavirus aid or other government benefits — even when they pay taxes. And more than half of California’s farmworkers are undocumented, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.doleta.gov/naws/research/data-tables/\">estimates\u003c/a> by the U.S. Department of Labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UpValley and other nonprofits in the Napa Valley Community Organizations Active in Disaster (COAD) network have channeled more than $150,000 in private donations to provide evacuees with emergency gift cards for gas, groceries and other basic needs, said Ocón.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she foresees more long-term help will be needed, including rental assistance for vulnerable residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11841621\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11841621\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Susana Garcia-Sanchez at UpValley Family Centers holds gift cards for evacuees to purchase food, gas and other basic needs. The nonprofit is part of a network, Napa Valley Community Organizations Active in Disaster, that has distributed more than $150,000 in gift cards to local evacuees. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the Glass Fire destroyed more than 300 homes in Napa County, some low-income families were already struggling to afford rent. This new loss of housing stock could make it even more difficult for them to continue living in the area, Ocón said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think it will displace some families,” she said. “Housing is already really expensive here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The median rent in the city of Napa is more than $2,400 a month, according to \u003ca href=\"https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/city-napa-tenants-need-47-an-hour-to-afford-median-rent/article_5967495b-7352-5c54-a895-e56e49ca113f.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">city officials\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The displacement of workers could spell trouble for restaurants, hotels, wineries and vineyards that rely on low-wage immigrant workers to be competitive, said Sonoma State University economics professor Robert Eyler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once they want to hire workers back in earnest, they might find a labor market that doesn't have as much supply as they used to,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='farmworkers']Eyler estimates that more than 80% of Napa County’s economy is connected in some way to tourism or the wine industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people can’t find work here and other states are opening more quickly and have fewer COVID cases, have fewer fires affecting their agriculture and hospitality, people might move on,” said Eyler, who grew up in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-wage workers facing food insecurity and the inability to pay rent will need more long-term support to hang on in the region, he said, but the pandemic and decreased tax revenues have shrunk local and state budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yalitza Garcia, another evacuee, said she lost her six-year job as a waitress at a restaurant in Yountville during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, she found another position as a server, but the restaurant — which can only seat up to 25% of its capacity indoors — lost customers as the smoky air meant patrons couldn’t sit outdoors either, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really difficult,” said Garcia, the mother of two young children. “My wages have gone down a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is one of nearly 2,000 evacuees the county of Napa has helped shelter in hotel rooms during the Glass Fire, according to county officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia came to the evacuation center with Silvia Arroyo, her sister-in-law, to get boxed lunches for relatives staying at their hotel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arroyo, a house cleaner, said the fire burnt two houses in St. Helena where she worked. She had already lost clients and income during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both women said they were grateful for the immediate aid of food and hotel rooms to shelter in. But they are also applying for rental assistance from the county, which could keep their families housed until they can make more money, Garcia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we have to wait,” she said. “Because a lot of other people have also applied.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources for Immigrant Workers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>These organizations offer cash assistance to undocumented immigrants in wine country:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://undocufund.org/\">UndocuFund for Disaster Relief in Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.upvalleyfamilycenters.org/\">UpValley Relief Fund (includes Napa and Lake counties)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.onthemovebayarea.org/ncrc\">Down Valley Relief Fund (Napa County)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Find a full list of organizations providing assistance in Northern California \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrantfundca.org/northern-california\">here\u003c/a> via the California Immigrant Resilience Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find COVID-19-related resources from the state of California for immigrants in Spanish, Vietnamese and other languages \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/guide-immigrant-californians/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Without steady income, low-income Latino families could be displaced, advocates fear. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1603220322,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1030},"headData":{"title":"Immigrant Workers Power Napa Valley's Economy – But Fires and COVID-19 Are Destroying Jobs | KQED","description":"Without steady income, low-income Latino families could be displaced, advocates fear. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11841618 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11841618","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/10/09/immigrant-workers-power-napa-valleys-economy-but-fires-and-covid-are-destroying-jobs/","disqusTitle":"Immigrant Workers Power Napa Valley's Economy – But Fires and COVID-19 Are Destroying Jobs","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/33e61d2e-79a5-46f9-99bb-ac4e012e71a8/audio.mp3","path":"/news/11841618/immigrant-workers-power-napa-valleys-economy-but-fires-and-covid-are-destroying-jobs","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11842308/los-trabajadores-inmigrantes-impulsan-la-economia-del-valle-de-napa-pero-los-incendios-y-el-covid-19-estan-eliminando-esos-trabajos\">Leer en Español\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos Arnulfo Vergara, an evacuee forced to flee from the Glass Fire burning in Napa and Sonoma counties, arrived at an emergency center at Napa Valley College earlier this week with a furrowed brow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vergara, a farmworker for more than two decades, had planned on working the entire harvest season. But the destruction wrought by recent wildfires in the form of scorched vineyards and smoke-damaged grapes has cut short many local vineyard and winery jobs, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s over. The fire came and finished everything,” said Vergara, 59, an immigrant from Mexico who lives at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.countyofnapa.org/467/Housing-Authority\">Calistoga Farmworker Center\u003c/a>. “I’m not going to work the rest of October or November. That’s money that won’t go into my pocket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'It’s just devastating for the community. It’s been one thing after another.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Jenny Ocón, executive director of UpValley Family Centers","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The immediate danger to thousands of residents of Calistoga, St. Helena and other Napa Valley communities has subsided as firefighters continue to make progress against the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2020/9/27/glass-fire/\">Glass Fire\u003c/a>, which has charred over 67,000 acres since igniting on Sept. 27 and is now nearly 75% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many of the region’s Latino immigrant workers – who are key to the local economy – say this year’s wildfires have intensified another danger: income and job losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of the coronavirus pandemic, many local families have struggled financially as shelter-in-place measures hampered tourism, restaurants and wine businesses, said Jenny Ocón, executive director for UpValley Family Centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just devastating for the community. It’s been one thing after another,” she said. “And in particular, the immigrant community is pretty hard-hit because often certain members are not eligible for federal benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Undocumented immigrants are ineligible for unemployment insurance, coronavirus aid or other government benefits — even when they pay taxes. And more than half of California’s farmworkers are undocumented, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.doleta.gov/naws/research/data-tables/\">estimates\u003c/a> by the U.S. Department of Labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UpValley and other nonprofits in the Napa Valley Community Organizations Active in Disaster (COAD) network have channeled more than $150,000 in private donations to provide evacuees with emergency gift cards for gas, groceries and other basic needs, said Ocón.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she foresees more long-term help will be needed, including rental assistance for vulnerable residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11841621\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11841621\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS45256_IMG_2701-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Susana Garcia-Sanchez at UpValley Family Centers holds gift cards for evacuees to purchase food, gas and other basic needs. The nonprofit is part of a network, Napa Valley Community Organizations Active in Disaster, that has distributed more than $150,000 in gift cards to local evacuees. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the Glass Fire destroyed more than 300 homes in Napa County, some low-income families were already struggling to afford rent. This new loss of housing stock could make it even more difficult for them to continue living in the area, Ocón said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think it will displace some families,” she said. “Housing is already really expensive here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The median rent in the city of Napa is more than $2,400 a month, according to \u003ca href=\"https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/city-napa-tenants-need-47-an-hour-to-afford-median-rent/article_5967495b-7352-5c54-a895-e56e49ca113f.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">city officials\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The displacement of workers could spell trouble for restaurants, hotels, wineries and vineyards that rely on low-wage immigrant workers to be competitive, said Sonoma State University economics professor Robert Eyler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once they want to hire workers back in earnest, they might find a labor market that doesn't have as much supply as they used to,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"farmworkers"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Eyler estimates that more than 80% of Napa County’s economy is connected in some way to tourism or the wine industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people can’t find work here and other states are opening more quickly and have fewer COVID cases, have fewer fires affecting their agriculture and hospitality, people might move on,” said Eyler, who grew up in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-wage workers facing food insecurity and the inability to pay rent will need more long-term support to hang on in the region, he said, but the pandemic and decreased tax revenues have shrunk local and state budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yalitza Garcia, another evacuee, said she lost her six-year job as a waitress at a restaurant in Yountville during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, she found another position as a server, but the restaurant — which can only seat up to 25% of its capacity indoors — lost customers as the smoky air meant patrons couldn’t sit outdoors either, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really difficult,” said Garcia, the mother of two young children. “My wages have gone down a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is one of nearly 2,000 evacuees the county of Napa has helped shelter in hotel rooms during the Glass Fire, according to county officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia came to the evacuation center with Silvia Arroyo, her sister-in-law, to get boxed lunches for relatives staying at their hotel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arroyo, a house cleaner, said the fire burnt two houses in St. Helena where she worked. She had already lost clients and income during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both women said they were grateful for the immediate aid of food and hotel rooms to shelter in. But they are also applying for rental assistance from the county, which could keep their families housed until they can make more money, Garcia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we have to wait,” she said. “Because a lot of other people have also applied.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources for Immigrant Workers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>These organizations offer cash assistance to undocumented immigrants in wine country:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://undocufund.org/\">UndocuFund for Disaster Relief in Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.upvalleyfamilycenters.org/\">UpValley Relief Fund (includes Napa and Lake counties)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.onthemovebayarea.org/ncrc\">Down Valley Relief Fund (Napa County)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Find a full list of organizations providing assistance in Northern California \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrantfundca.org/northern-california\">here\u003c/a> via the California Immigrant Resilience Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find COVID-19-related resources from the state of California for immigrants in Spanish, Vietnamese and other languages \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/guide-immigrant-californians/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11841618/immigrant-workers-power-napa-valleys-economy-but-fires-and-covid-are-destroying-jobs","authors":["8659"],"categories":["news_24114","news_1169","news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_18269","news_27626","news_20202","news_19904","news_20605","news_6565","news_4981","news_4463","news_21765","news_21991"],"featImg":"news_11841620","label":"news"},"news_11840653":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11840653","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11840653","score":null,"sort":[1601593145000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"all-the-colors-of-the-disasterbow","title":"All the Colors of the Disasterbow","publishDate":1601593145,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Mark Fiore: Drawn to the Bay | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18515,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Hot, dry winds are expected to return to the North Bay again as firefighters \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioreglassfire\">try to make headway\u003c/a> in the Glass Fire that has burned nearly 57,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Red Flag Warning is \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1311717082208165888\">in effect through Saturday\u003c/a>, evacuation orders in and around the region are color-coded and Napa County is currently in the red tier of the \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/safer-economy/\">state's COVID-19 reopening framework\u003c/a> while Sonoma County is purple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So many colors, so many disasters . . .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Hot, dry winds are expected to return to the North Bay again as firefighters try to make headway in the Glass Fire that has burned nearly 57,000 acres.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1601593145,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":78},"headData":{"title":"All the Colors of the Disasterbow | KQED","description":"Hot, dry winds are expected to return to the North Bay again as firefighters try to make headway in the Glass Fire that has burned nearly 57,000 acres.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11840653 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11840653","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/10/01/all-the-colors-of-the-disasterbow/","disqusTitle":"All the Colors of the Disasterbow","path":"/news/11840653/all-the-colors-of-the-disasterbow","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hot, dry winds are expected to return to the North Bay again as firefighters \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioreglassfire\">try to make headway\u003c/a> in the Glass Fire that has burned nearly 57,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Red Flag Warning is \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1311717082208165888\">in effect through Saturday\u003c/a>, evacuation orders in and around the region are color-coded and Napa County is currently in the red tier of the \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/safer-economy/\">state's COVID-19 reopening framework\u003c/a> while Sonoma County is purple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So many colors, so many disasters . . .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11840653/all-the-colors-of-the-disasterbow","authors":["3236"],"series":["news_18515"],"categories":["news_19906","news_457"],"tags":["news_20341","news_28600","news_20949","news_2520","news_6565","news_474","news_4981","news_4463"],"featImg":"news_11840661","label":"news_18515"},"news_11838178":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11838178","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11838178","score":null,"sort":[1600336854000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-birth-of-wine-country-is-a-story-of-bugs-taxes-and-war","title":"The Birth of 'Wine Country' Is a Story of Bugs, Taxes and War","publishDate":1600336854,"format":"image","headTitle":"The Birth of ‘Wine Country’ Is a Story of Bugs, Taxes and War | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":33523,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Nestled in the hills just north of San Francisco is one of the most famous wine-producing regions in the world. Visitors come from all over to sip wine at bucolic wineries overlooking thousands of acres of grapes. But how did this region become famous for wine? That’s what Bay Curious listener Michael Viray wanted to know. The temperate Mediterranean climate would be good for growing all types of crops. How did wine come to dominate here?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The First Wine\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Catholic priests planted the first wine grapes in Sonoma County in the early 1820s at the \u003ca href=\"https://missionscalifornia.com/san-francisco-solano-mission/key-facts\">Mission San Francisco Solano\u003c/a>. And just a decade later, in the 1830s, when European settlers began making their homes in the Napa Valley, wine grapes would have been one of their crops. Commercial winemaking in what we now know as “wine country,” however, traces its roots back to a German immigrant named Charles Krug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838201\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11838201\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/CharlesKrug-1020x1541.jpg\" alt=\"Charles Krug started one of the oldest wineries in Napa Valley back in 1861.\" width=\"400\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/CharlesKrug-1020x1541.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/CharlesKrug-800x1208.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/CharlesKrug-160x242.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/CharlesKrug-1017x1536.jpg 1017w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/CharlesKrug.jpg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Krug started one of the oldest wineries in Napa Valley back in 1861. \u003ccite>(Peter Mondavi Family Winery/\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CharlesKrug.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While living in San Francisco, Krug managed a German language newspaper and \u003ca href=\"https://napavalleyregister.com/wine/columnists/allison-levine/allison-levine-please-the-palate-mondavis-celebrate-75-years-at-krug-winery-in-napa-valley/article_249afd84-cabf-5a4e-a730-3b3c9b5e9a1b.html\">is said to have experimented with winemaking\u003c/a> as a hobby. When Krug married Carolina Bale in 1860, her family offered land just north of St. Helena for her dowry, says \u003ca href=\"https://gsm.ucdavis.edu/profile/dr-james-t-lapsley\">Jim Lapsley\u003c/a>, professor of viticulture and enology at UC Davis. The Charles Krug Winery opened there in 1861 and is considered to be the first commercial winery in Napa Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Gold Rush\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Gold Rush \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgenealogy.org/sf/history/hgpop.htm\">rapidly increased \u003c/a>California’s population, and the state joined the union in 1850. In 1840, California had about 8,000 people. Just 10 years later, the population had grown to roughly 100,000. Meanwhile, San Francisco was booming. In July 1849, 5,000 people called it home. Six months later, the population was five times that. By 1870, the population of the city had reached 100,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reaction to this population boom, more and more grape growers began to plant grapes in what we now know as wine country, an area that stretches through Napa, Sonoma, Mendocino, Lake and Solano counties. But California wines only represented a fraction of the wine consumed in the United States. California had no bottling plants, so grapes were shipped east on trains for bottling. And it was cheaper for consumers on the East Coast to import wine from Europe by boat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1875, the federal government stepped in and increased import taxes on European wines. That made shipping wine from California more financially competitive, and California began to dominate the domestic table wine market. The more expensive wines still tended to come from Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Booms and Busts\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>By the 1880s, a small bug related to an aphid \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/05/dining/wine-talk-after-phylloxera-the-first-taste-of-a-better-grape.html\">arrived in the Napa Valley\u003c/a>. Phylloxera ate the roots of European grape varieties like Vitis Vinifera. Jim Lapsley says that when phylloxera arrived in wine country, “It killed the vineyards. And the only way you could really come up with a solution was to plant on grafted vines. The bottom, the rootstock would be a native variety,” which the bugs didn’t like, “And then on the top we have a graft with the European vinifera.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838202\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11838202\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/PhylloxeraGallsOnLeaf-1020x677.jpg\" alt=\"Phylloxera galls on a leaf.\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/PhylloxeraGallsOnLeaf-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/PhylloxeraGallsOnLeaf-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/PhylloxeraGallsOnLeaf-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/PhylloxeraGallsOnLeaf-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/PhylloxeraGallsOnLeaf-1920x1275.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/PhylloxeraGallsOnLeaf.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phylloxera galls on a grape leaf. This aphid-like insect decimated North Bay vineyards between 1870-1890, although probably due to the regions dry climate it never went into its winged form, as pictured here. In California, Phylloxera stayed underground, eating the roots. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/28061028@N07/35287648956\">Candiru\u003c/a>/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Grape growers also tried a few other solutions, including pumping poisonous gas into the soil and flooding entire vineyards. But the grafted rootstocks worked best, and they are still used widely on vineyards in Sonoma, Napa and surrounding counties today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1920s brought another rough patch to California winemakers. The U.S. Congress passed the 18th Amendment — better known as Prohibition — in 1919. Prohibition outlawed the production and sale of alcoholic beverages. Many wineries went out of business, and Lapsley says those that survived took advantage of a loophole in the law that allowed people to produce wine at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The grape industry in California switched from producing wine grapes to be sold to wineries, to grapes that could be shipped back east to home wine producers,” Lapsley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Prohibition, \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/how-prohibition-changed-the-way-americans-drink-100-years-ago-129854\">by the end of 1921 Americans were drinking again\u003c/a> at almost two-thirds the level they had before the law was passed. And eventually lawmakers gave in, overturning the 18th Amendment in 1933, and making alcohol of all types legal again in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The War Years Changed Everything\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before World War II, the wine produced in the North Bay still \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/111499/distilling-the-story-of-california-wine-one-label-at-a-time\">didn’t look much like what we see today\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California wineries were producing bulk wine and shipping it out of state to bottlers,” Lapsley says. ”So most of the wine that was produced in California was not bottled under a California label.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838206\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11838206\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapesToKalonVineyard-CB-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Bunch of green wine grapes.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapesToKalonVineyard-CB-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapesToKalonVineyard-CB-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapesToKalonVineyard-CB-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapesToKalonVineyard-CB-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapesToKalonVineyard-CB.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bunch of green wine grapes on the vine at To-Kalon Vineyard. \u003ccite>(Christopher Beale/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This would change as the government took over various parts of American industry for the war effort. The railroad cars that used to send wine east for bottling, were commandeered, leaving the wine industry with one solution — move their operation to California. So, Lapsley says, “In ‘43 bottlers start bottling in California for the first time.” And, those new bottles printed the locale on the label — making California wine a bottled and branded commodity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The popularity of wine produced in the North Bay \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsetglobal.com/media/3010/changing-face-of-the-us-consumer.pdf\">exploded in the 1970s\u003c/a> thanks to the millions of baby boomers coming of age. They loved white wine. Around this time, new innovations were arriving at wineries around the region. Things like refrigeration and stainless steel tanks not only helped sterilize and streamline the winemaking process, but also made it taste better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we ferment grapes, and especially white grapes, at lower temperatures, the fruity characteristics that are inherent in the grapes are enhanced and maintained,” Lapsley says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Judgement of Paris Brings Respectability and Renown\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838203\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11838203\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapevinesJuddsHillWinery-CB-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Grapevines at Judds Hill Winery\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapevinesJuddsHillWinery-CB-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapevinesJuddsHillWinery-CB-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapevinesJuddsHillWinery-CB-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapevinesJuddsHillWinery-CB-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapevinesJuddsHillWinery-CB.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grapevines at Judds Hill Winery. \u003ccite>(Christopher Beale/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The real turning point for the respectability of California wines came in 1975 at the so-called \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/109705/the-judgment-of-paris-the-blind-taste-test-that-decanted-the-wine-world\">“Judgement of Paris.”\u003c/a> California wines went head-to-head with European favorites and won a blind-taste test by French judges. The results sent a shockwave through the wine industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a feature article [in] \u003ca href=\"http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,947719,00.html\">Time Magazine\u003c/a>,” Lapsley says. “And basically it was a shot in the arm for the industry. It was validation. And we had even more people coming in and wanting to start wineries or plant vineyards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, wineries and grape growing operations work side by side in wine country. The industry has survived a lot in the past 160 years, but its challenges aren’t over. Climate change has led to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/08/15/climate-change-offers-up-a-new-wine-list/\">hotter, drier weather\u003c/a> and is forcing the industry to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926662/wineries-hedge-against-climate-change-move-to-cool-climates\">plan for and adapt to\u003c/a> an uncertain future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don’t worry. People in the know say with absolute confidence that wine country — and its spirit of innovation — are here to stay. Cheers!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The story of Bay Area wine country spans 160 years and features an aphid-like bug that nearly ruined it all. Learn how Napa and Sonoma counties came to be world famous for wine.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700590196,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1208},"headData":{"title":"The Birth of 'Wine Country' Is a Story of Bugs, Taxes and War | KQED","description":"The story of Bay Area wine country spans 160 years and features an aphid-like bug that nearly ruined it all. Learn how Napa and Sonoma counties came to be world famous for wine.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"https://dcs.megaphone.fm/KQINC5717055541.mp3?key=58cf7b02eaa5560c5685b71ec9c8aa91","subhead":"The History of Wine Country: How Sonoma and Napa Became World Famous For Wine","path":"/news/11838178/the-birth-of-wine-country-is-a-story-of-bugs-taxes-and-war","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nestled in the hills just north of San Francisco is one of the most famous wine-producing regions in the world. Visitors come from all over to sip wine at bucolic wineries overlooking thousands of acres of grapes. But how did this region become famous for wine? That’s what Bay Curious listener Michael Viray wanted to know. The temperate Mediterranean climate would be good for growing all types of crops. How did wine come to dominate here?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The First Wine\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Catholic priests planted the first wine grapes in Sonoma County in the early 1820s at the \u003ca href=\"https://missionscalifornia.com/san-francisco-solano-mission/key-facts\">Mission San Francisco Solano\u003c/a>. And just a decade later, in the 1830s, when European settlers began making their homes in the Napa Valley, wine grapes would have been one of their crops. Commercial winemaking in what we now know as “wine country,” however, traces its roots back to a German immigrant named Charles Krug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838201\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11838201\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/CharlesKrug-1020x1541.jpg\" alt=\"Charles Krug started one of the oldest wineries in Napa Valley back in 1861.\" width=\"400\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/CharlesKrug-1020x1541.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/CharlesKrug-800x1208.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/CharlesKrug-160x242.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/CharlesKrug-1017x1536.jpg 1017w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/CharlesKrug.jpg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Krug started one of the oldest wineries in Napa Valley back in 1861. \u003ccite>(Peter Mondavi Family Winery/\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CharlesKrug.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While living in San Francisco, Krug managed a German language newspaper and \u003ca href=\"https://napavalleyregister.com/wine/columnists/allison-levine/allison-levine-please-the-palate-mondavis-celebrate-75-years-at-krug-winery-in-napa-valley/article_249afd84-cabf-5a4e-a730-3b3c9b5e9a1b.html\">is said to have experimented with winemaking\u003c/a> as a hobby. When Krug married Carolina Bale in 1860, her family offered land just north of St. Helena for her dowry, says \u003ca href=\"https://gsm.ucdavis.edu/profile/dr-james-t-lapsley\">Jim Lapsley\u003c/a>, professor of viticulture and enology at UC Davis. The Charles Krug Winery opened there in 1861 and is considered to be the first commercial winery in Napa Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Gold Rush\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Gold Rush \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgenealogy.org/sf/history/hgpop.htm\">rapidly increased \u003c/a>California’s population, and the state joined the union in 1850. In 1840, California had about 8,000 people. Just 10 years later, the population had grown to roughly 100,000. Meanwhile, San Francisco was booming. In July 1849, 5,000 people called it home. Six months later, the population was five times that. By 1870, the population of the city had reached 100,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reaction to this population boom, more and more grape growers began to plant grapes in what we now know as wine country, an area that stretches through Napa, Sonoma, Mendocino, Lake and Solano counties. But California wines only represented a fraction of the wine consumed in the United States. California had no bottling plants, so grapes were shipped east on trains for bottling. And it was cheaper for consumers on the East Coast to import wine from Europe by boat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1875, the federal government stepped in and increased import taxes on European wines. That made shipping wine from California more financially competitive, and California began to dominate the domestic table wine market. The more expensive wines still tended to come from Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Booms and Busts\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>By the 1880s, a small bug related to an aphid \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/05/dining/wine-talk-after-phylloxera-the-first-taste-of-a-better-grape.html\">arrived in the Napa Valley\u003c/a>. Phylloxera ate the roots of European grape varieties like Vitis Vinifera. Jim Lapsley says that when phylloxera arrived in wine country, “It killed the vineyards. And the only way you could really come up with a solution was to plant on grafted vines. The bottom, the rootstock would be a native variety,” which the bugs didn’t like, “And then on the top we have a graft with the European vinifera.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838202\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11838202\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/PhylloxeraGallsOnLeaf-1020x677.jpg\" alt=\"Phylloxera galls on a leaf.\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/PhylloxeraGallsOnLeaf-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/PhylloxeraGallsOnLeaf-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/PhylloxeraGallsOnLeaf-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/PhylloxeraGallsOnLeaf-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/PhylloxeraGallsOnLeaf-1920x1275.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/PhylloxeraGallsOnLeaf.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phylloxera galls on a grape leaf. This aphid-like insect decimated North Bay vineyards between 1870-1890, although probably due to the regions dry climate it never went into its winged form, as pictured here. In California, Phylloxera stayed underground, eating the roots. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/28061028@N07/35287648956\">Candiru\u003c/a>/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Grape growers also tried a few other solutions, including pumping poisonous gas into the soil and flooding entire vineyards. But the grafted rootstocks worked best, and they are still used widely on vineyards in Sonoma, Napa and surrounding counties today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1920s brought another rough patch to California winemakers. The U.S. Congress passed the 18th Amendment — better known as Prohibition — in 1919. Prohibition outlawed the production and sale of alcoholic beverages. Many wineries went out of business, and Lapsley says those that survived took advantage of a loophole in the law that allowed people to produce wine at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The grape industry in California switched from producing wine grapes to be sold to wineries, to grapes that could be shipped back east to home wine producers,” Lapsley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Prohibition, \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/how-prohibition-changed-the-way-americans-drink-100-years-ago-129854\">by the end of 1921 Americans were drinking again\u003c/a> at almost two-thirds the level they had before the law was passed. And eventually lawmakers gave in, overturning the 18th Amendment in 1933, and making alcohol of all types legal again in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The War Years Changed Everything\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before World War II, the wine produced in the North Bay still \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/111499/distilling-the-story-of-california-wine-one-label-at-a-time\">didn’t look much like what we see today\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California wineries were producing bulk wine and shipping it out of state to bottlers,” Lapsley says. ”So most of the wine that was produced in California was not bottled under a California label.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838206\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11838206\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapesToKalonVineyard-CB-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Bunch of green wine grapes.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapesToKalonVineyard-CB-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapesToKalonVineyard-CB-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapesToKalonVineyard-CB-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapesToKalonVineyard-CB-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapesToKalonVineyard-CB.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bunch of green wine grapes on the vine at To-Kalon Vineyard. \u003ccite>(Christopher Beale/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This would change as the government took over various parts of American industry for the war effort. The railroad cars that used to send wine east for bottling, were commandeered, leaving the wine industry with one solution — move their operation to California. So, Lapsley says, “In ‘43 bottlers start bottling in California for the first time.” And, those new bottles printed the locale on the label — making California wine a bottled and branded commodity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The popularity of wine produced in the North Bay \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsetglobal.com/media/3010/changing-face-of-the-us-consumer.pdf\">exploded in the 1970s\u003c/a> thanks to the millions of baby boomers coming of age. They loved white wine. Around this time, new innovations were arriving at wineries around the region. Things like refrigeration and stainless steel tanks not only helped sterilize and streamline the winemaking process, but also made it taste better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we ferment grapes, and especially white grapes, at lower temperatures, the fruity characteristics that are inherent in the grapes are enhanced and maintained,” Lapsley says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Judgement of Paris Brings Respectability and Renown\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838203\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11838203\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapevinesJuddsHillWinery-CB-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Grapevines at Judds Hill Winery\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapevinesJuddsHillWinery-CB-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapevinesJuddsHillWinery-CB-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapevinesJuddsHillWinery-CB-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapevinesJuddsHillWinery-CB-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/GrapevinesJuddsHillWinery-CB.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grapevines at Judds Hill Winery. \u003ccite>(Christopher Beale/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The real turning point for the respectability of California wines came in 1975 at the so-called \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/109705/the-judgment-of-paris-the-blind-taste-test-that-decanted-the-wine-world\">“Judgement of Paris.”\u003c/a> California wines went head-to-head with European favorites and won a blind-taste test by French judges. The results sent a shockwave through the wine industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a feature article [in] \u003ca href=\"http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,947719,00.html\">Time Magazine\u003c/a>,” Lapsley says. “And basically it was a shot in the arm for the industry. It was validation. And we had even more people coming in and wanting to start wineries or plant vineyards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, wineries and grape growing operations work side by side in wine country. The industry has survived a lot in the past 160 years, but its challenges aren’t over. Climate change has led to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/08/15/climate-change-offers-up-a-new-wine-list/\">hotter, drier weather\u003c/a> and is forcing the industry to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926662/wineries-hedge-against-climate-change-move-to-cool-climates\">plan for and adapt to\u003c/a> an uncertain future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don’t worry. People in the know say with absolute confidence that wine country — and its spirit of innovation — are here to stay. Cheers!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11838178/the-birth-of-wine-country-is-a-story-of-bugs-taxes-and-war","authors":["234","11749"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_28250","news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_6565","news_4981","news_21765","news_6926"],"featImg":"news_11838197","label":"news_33523"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.\r\n\u003cbr />\r\n\u003cspan class=\"alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1172473406\">\u003cimg width=\"75px\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DownloadOniTunes_100x100.png\">\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://goo.gl/app/playmusic?ibi=com.google.PlayMusic&isi=691797987&ius=googleplaymusic&link=https://play.google.com/music/m/Ipi2mc5aqfen4nr2daayiziiyuy?t%3DBay_Curious\">\u003cimg width=\"75px\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Google_Play_100x100.png\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\r\n\u003c/aside> \r\n\u003ch2>What's your question?\u003c/h2>\r\n\u003cdiv id=\"huxq6\" class=\"curiosity-module\" data-pym-src=\"//modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/curiosity_modules/133\">\u003c/div>\r\n\u003cscript src=\"//assets.wearehearken.com/production/thirdparty/p.m.js\">\u003c/script>\r\n\u003ch2>Bay Curious monthly newsletter\u003c/h2>\r\nWe're launching it soon! \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdEtzbyNbSQkRHCCAkKhoGiAl3Bd0zWxhk0ZseJ1KH_o_ZDjQ/viewform\" target=\"_blank\">Sign up\u003c/a> so you don't miss it when it drops.\r\n","featImg":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/BayCuriousLogoFinal01-e1493662037229.png","headData":{"title":"Bay Curious Archives | KQED News","description":"A podcast exploring the Bay Area one question at a time KQED’s Bay Curious gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. 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