New Study Downgrades Monterey Shale’s Fracking Potential
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portion of the giant shale formation holds just 21 million barrels of oil that can be recovered by intensive methods, such as hydraulic fracturing, better-known as fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modest assessment has the potential to influence energy policy in California, where Gov. Jerry Brown has resisted calls from environmentalists to ban fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s report looked only at the San Joaquin Basin, one of four basins that make up the 1,750-square-mile Monterey Shale formation. Upcoming USGS reports will estimate the recoverable petroleum in the other three basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another recent U.S. Geological Survey study estimated another 393 million barrels of oil are recoverable by conventional drilling in the San Joaquin basin of the Monterey Shale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2011 estimate touched off speculation of a California oil boom. By 2014, however, federal energy authorities had deflated the Monterey Shale boom, reducing the overall estimate of recoverable oil by 96 percent.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931218,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":234},"headData":{"title":"New Study Downgrades Monterey Shale’s Fracking Potential | KQED","description":"A U.S. Geological Survey report out Tuesday downgrades the fracking potential of California's vast Monterey Shale oil deposits. The study is the latest to lower a 2011 federal energy estimate that billed the Monterey Shale as a game-changer for U.S. oil, with what was then estimated at 13.7 billion barrels of recoverable oil overall. [contextly_sidebar","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Associated Press","path":"/science/296285/new-study-downgrades-monterey-shales-fracking-potential","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A U.S. Geological Survey report out Tuesday downgrades the fracking potential of California’s vast Monterey Shale oil deposits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is the latest to lower a 2011 federal energy estimate that billed the Monterey Shale as a game-changer for U.S. oil, with what was then estimated at 13.7 billion barrels of recoverable oil overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Instead, the U.S. Geological Survey’s new study said, the most oil-rich portion of the giant shale formation holds just 21 million barrels of oil that can be recovered by intensive methods, such as hydraulic fracturing, better-known as fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modest assessment has the potential to influence energy policy in California, where Gov. Jerry Brown has resisted calls from environmentalists to ban fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s report looked only at the San Joaquin Basin, one of four basins that make up the 1,750-square-mile Monterey Shale formation. Upcoming USGS reports will estimate the recoverable petroleum in the other three basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another recent U.S. Geological Survey study estimated another 393 million barrels of oil are recoverable by conventional drilling in the San Joaquin basin of the Monterey Shale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2011 estimate touched off speculation of a California oil boom. By 2014, however, federal energy authorities had deflated the Monterey Shale boom, reducing the overall estimate of recoverable oil by 96 percent.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/296285/new-study-downgrades-monterey-shales-fracking-potential","authors":["byline_science_296285"],"categories":["science_33","science_89","science_40"],"tags":["science_429","science_1041"],"featImg":"science_296291","label":"science"},"science_17659":{"type":"posts","id":"science_17659","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"17659","score":null,"sort":[1400724418000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-monterey-shale-bonanza-or-bust-nobody-really-knows","title":"California's Monterey Shale: Bonanza or Bust? Nobody Really Knows","publishDate":1400724418,"format":"aside","headTitle":"California’s Monterey Shale: Bonanza or Bust? Nobody Really Knows | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1022,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17661\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/pumpjacks.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17661\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/pumpjacks.jpg\" alt=\"Pumpjacks draw oil out of the Monterey Shale near McKittrick, California. (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pumpjacks draw oil out of the Monterey Shale near McKittrick, California. (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The controversy over hydraulic fracturing in California has been largely centered around the Monterey Formation, the rock layer that was said to be the largest oil resource in the country and almost a sure bet for a drilling boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least, until this week. Federal officials with the Energy Information Administration are \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-oil-20140521-story.html\">reportedly downgrading their estimate\u003c/a> of how much oil could be pumped out of the formation. Just a few years ago, the agency projected that oil companies could retrieve 15 billion barrels of oil. Now, it’s down to 600 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just to clarify: these numbers don’t reflect how much oil is underground in California. Most geologists agree that there’s still plenty down there. The EIA is attempting to estimate how much could be pumped out with current technology. As with other oil and gas reserves around the country, this number fluctuates quite a bit based on assumptions about the geology and what oil companies can accomplish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The total resource can be huge – just ridiculously large,” says Don Gautier, geologist emeritus with the U.S. Geological Survey. “What fraction of it can actually be recovered? That can be very uncertain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Unknown About the Monterey Formation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why the uncertainty around the Monterey Shale? It has to do with the lack of information about the rock formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Monterey has already been incredibly productive in California. It’s been the source of most oil production in the state over the last century. The rock layer covers 1,700 square miles and can be several thousand feet thick in places. It was created millions of years ago, when dead microorganisms piled up on the bottom of an ancient sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17668\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 311px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/NatGasSchematic2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17668\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/NatGasSchematic2.jpg\" alt=\"Conventional drilling taps into reservoirs where oil and gas has pooled underground. Unconventional drilling goes deeper into the rock layers that generate oil.\" width=\"311\" height=\"376\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Conventional drilling taps into reservoirs where oil and gas has pooled underground. Unconventional drilling goes deeper into the rock layers that generate oil.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That organic material created oil-bearing rock and over the millennia, oil has seeped out and pooled in underground reservoirs. Finding and tapping these reservoirs, what’s known as “conventional” oil development, has made California the third-largest oil producer in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The buzz these days, however, is over “unconventional” development. That’s where oil and gas companies drill down into the rock layers that produce the oil – known as “source rock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These rocks are dense and historically, haven’t been very productive – until hydraulic fracturing came along. When water and sand are injected underground at high pressure, they create tiny fractures in the rock that help release the oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, oil companies in California haven’t had to tap into the source rock. There were plenty of conventional reservoirs to develop. But as the technology has improved and production in older reservoirs has declined, oil producers have started looking deeper, down to the Monterey Shale source rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the Oil Still There?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Dakota has seen a massive oil boom in the source rock of its Bakken formation, due in large part to hydraulic fracturing. Fracking opened up source rock that was considered beyond reach just a few decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question in the Monterey Shale is whether the source rock still holds lots of oil. California’s abundant seismic activity could have forced much of the oil to migrate out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are very effective mechanisms that allow oil to be expelled from the source rock,” says Gautier. “Whereas up in the Bakken, the oil was generated 100 million years ago and has been sitting like a dead lump since.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”087bded8a228f2ed2d9be0d52ba4272a”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of these unknowns, many believe there’s huge uncertainty about the amount of oil that can be recovered in the Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just don’t know,” says Gautier. “One of the possibilities is that most of the recoverable oil has already been expelled and migrated. So what’s left behind is residual oil that won’t really yield significant production. That isn’t to say there isn’t a whole lot of oil in the Monterey or even that there isn’t a lot of oil remaining in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USGS is working on its own estimate of recoverable oil in the Monterey, expected early next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seismically warped rock layers in California could also make it challenging to use the same fracking techniques that have been so effective in North Dakota. Oil wells are drilled horizontally for miles sometimes along a layer of rock. California’s roller-coaster rock layers could make horizontal drilling a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies are still in the early stages of drilling exploratory wells in the source rock. Until more of that data are available, the jury is still out on the Monterey Shale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact of the matter is there’ve only been a handful of wells that even intended to test the idea,” says Gautier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What the Industry Is Saying\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the lackluster new estimate, the oil industry says the number has little effect on their efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Whether there are 15 billion barrels or 600 million barrels… it’s still a lot of oil.’\u003ccite>— Susan Hersberger, Aera Energy\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The oil is still there,” says Catherine Reheis-Boyd of the Western States Petroleum Association, an industry group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a matter of technology and it’s a matter of the skill and experience and innovative spirit that we really believe the men and women of the petroleum industry possess,” she says. “And they will solve the puzzle and they will improve production rates from the Monterey Shale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several oil companies say their exploratory wells are getting them closer to the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Preliminary data from our first exploration wells tells us the oil is there,” says Susan Hersberger of \u003ca href=\"http://aeraenergy.com/\">Aera Energy\u003c/a>, one of the largest oil production companies in California. “But this data has also confirmed that the Monterey Shale has some characteristics that warrant further study and testing, so that we might unlock its potential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Similar to the decades-long exploration of the Bakken, the Monterey exploration process will also be a long and complex journey,” she says. “Whether there are 15 billion barrels or 600 million barrels or something in between, it’s still a lot of oil. We see potential and are in it for the long-term.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calls for a Fracking Moratorium\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A collation of environmental and community groups called \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiansagainstfracking.org/\">Californians Against Fracking\u003c/a> is using the new estimate to raise concerns over groundwater contamination and environmental damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bombshell from the EIA gives you a new opportunity to make the right call and halt fracking,” they wrote in a letter to Governor Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group, which is calling for a moratorium on fracking, says the lower estimate of the Monterey’s potential means that economic benefits touted by the industry are inflated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Brown has resisted a moratorium, citing the state’s efforts to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/15/what-californias-new-fracking-rules-would-do-and-not-do/\">develop regulations for fracking this year\u003c/a> that require groundwater monitoring, new permitting requirements and notification of neighbors in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/150669396&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There's more than meets the eye to the reported reassessment of the state's next big oil play.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933611,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1237},"headData":{"title":"California's Monterey Shale: Bonanza or Bust? Nobody Really Knows | KQED","description":"There's more than meets the eye to the reported reassessment of the state's next big oil play.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/17659/californias-monterey-shale-bonanza-or-bust-nobody-really-knows","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17661\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/pumpjacks.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17661\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/pumpjacks.jpg\" alt=\"Pumpjacks draw oil out of the Monterey Shale near McKittrick, California. (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pumpjacks draw oil out of the Monterey Shale near McKittrick, California. (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The controversy over hydraulic fracturing in California has been largely centered around the Monterey Formation, the rock layer that was said to be the largest oil resource in the country and almost a sure bet for a drilling boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least, until this week. Federal officials with the Energy Information Administration are \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-oil-20140521-story.html\">reportedly downgrading their estimate\u003c/a> of how much oil could be pumped out of the formation. Just a few years ago, the agency projected that oil companies could retrieve 15 billion barrels of oil. Now, it’s down to 600 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just to clarify: these numbers don’t reflect how much oil is underground in California. Most geologists agree that there’s still plenty down there. The EIA is attempting to estimate how much could be pumped out with current technology. As with other oil and gas reserves around the country, this number fluctuates quite a bit based on assumptions about the geology and what oil companies can accomplish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The total resource can be huge – just ridiculously large,” says Don Gautier, geologist emeritus with the U.S. Geological Survey. “What fraction of it can actually be recovered? That can be very uncertain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Unknown About the Monterey Formation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why the uncertainty around the Monterey Shale? It has to do with the lack of information about the rock formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Monterey has already been incredibly productive in California. It’s been the source of most oil production in the state over the last century. The rock layer covers 1,700 square miles and can be several thousand feet thick in places. It was created millions of years ago, when dead microorganisms piled up on the bottom of an ancient sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17668\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 311px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/NatGasSchematic2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17668\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/NatGasSchematic2.jpg\" alt=\"Conventional drilling taps into reservoirs where oil and gas has pooled underground. Unconventional drilling goes deeper into the rock layers that generate oil.\" width=\"311\" height=\"376\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Conventional drilling taps into reservoirs where oil and gas has pooled underground. Unconventional drilling goes deeper into the rock layers that generate oil.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That organic material created oil-bearing rock and over the millennia, oil has seeped out and pooled in underground reservoirs. Finding and tapping these reservoirs, what’s known as “conventional” oil development, has made California the third-largest oil producer in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The buzz these days, however, is over “unconventional” development. That’s where oil and gas companies drill down into the rock layers that produce the oil – known as “source rock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These rocks are dense and historically, haven’t been very productive – until hydraulic fracturing came along. When water and sand are injected underground at high pressure, they create tiny fractures in the rock that help release the oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, oil companies in California haven’t had to tap into the source rock. There were plenty of conventional reservoirs to develop. But as the technology has improved and production in older reservoirs has declined, oil producers have started looking deeper, down to the Monterey Shale source rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the Oil Still There?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Dakota has seen a massive oil boom in the source rock of its Bakken formation, due in large part to hydraulic fracturing. Fracking opened up source rock that was considered beyond reach just a few decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question in the Monterey Shale is whether the source rock still holds lots of oil. California’s abundant seismic activity could have forced much of the oil to migrate out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are very effective mechanisms that allow oil to be expelled from the source rock,” says Gautier. “Whereas up in the Bakken, the oil was generated 100 million years ago and has been sitting like a dead lump since.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of these unknowns, many believe there’s huge uncertainty about the amount of oil that can be recovered in the Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just don’t know,” says Gautier. “One of the possibilities is that most of the recoverable oil has already been expelled and migrated. So what’s left behind is residual oil that won’t really yield significant production. That isn’t to say there isn’t a whole lot of oil in the Monterey or even that there isn’t a lot of oil remaining in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USGS is working on its own estimate of recoverable oil in the Monterey, expected early next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seismically warped rock layers in California could also make it challenging to use the same fracking techniques that have been so effective in North Dakota. Oil wells are drilled horizontally for miles sometimes along a layer of rock. California’s roller-coaster rock layers could make horizontal drilling a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies are still in the early stages of drilling exploratory wells in the source rock. Until more of that data are available, the jury is still out on the Monterey Shale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact of the matter is there’ve only been a handful of wells that even intended to test the idea,” says Gautier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What the Industry Is Saying\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the lackluster new estimate, the oil industry says the number has little effect on their efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Whether there are 15 billion barrels or 600 million barrels… it’s still a lot of oil.’\u003ccite>— Susan Hersberger, Aera Energy\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The oil is still there,” says Catherine Reheis-Boyd of the Western States Petroleum Association, an industry group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a matter of technology and it’s a matter of the skill and experience and innovative spirit that we really believe the men and women of the petroleum industry possess,” she says. “And they will solve the puzzle and they will improve production rates from the Monterey Shale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several oil companies say their exploratory wells are getting them closer to the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Preliminary data from our first exploration wells tells us the oil is there,” says Susan Hersberger of \u003ca href=\"http://aeraenergy.com/\">Aera Energy\u003c/a>, one of the largest oil production companies in California. “But this data has also confirmed that the Monterey Shale has some characteristics that warrant further study and testing, so that we might unlock its potential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Similar to the decades-long exploration of the Bakken, the Monterey exploration process will also be a long and complex journey,” she says. “Whether there are 15 billion barrels or 600 million barrels or something in between, it’s still a lot of oil. We see potential and are in it for the long-term.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calls for a Fracking Moratorium\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A collation of environmental and community groups called \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiansagainstfracking.org/\">Californians Against Fracking\u003c/a> is using the new estimate to raise concerns over groundwater contamination and environmental damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bombshell from the EIA gives you a new opportunity to make the right call and halt fracking,” they wrote in a letter to Governor Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group, which is calling for a moratorium on fracking, says the lower estimate of the Monterey’s potential means that economic benefits touted by the industry are inflated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Brown has resisted a moratorium, citing the state’s efforts to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/15/what-californias-new-fracking-rules-would-do-and-not-do/\">develop regulations for fracking this year\u003c/a> that require groundwater monitoring, new permitting requirements and notification of neighbors in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/150669396&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/17659/californias-monterey-shale-bonanza-or-bust-nobody-really-knows","authors":["239"],"series":["science_1022"],"categories":["science_33","science_89","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_429","science_952"],"featImg":"science_17661","label":"science_1022"},"science_17648":{"type":"posts","id":"science_17648","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"17648","score":null,"sort":[1400697236000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"estimate-of-recoverable-monterey-shale-oil-slashed-by-officials","title":"Estimate of Recoverable Monterey Shale Oil Slashed by Officials","publishDate":1400697236,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Estimate of Recoverable Monterey Shale Oil Slashed by Officials | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1022,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Associated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of oil that can be recovered from California’s vast Monterey Shale formation using existing technology is far less than thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s according to a new federal estimate that found just 600 million barrels of oil can be drawn from the Monterey Shale, a 1,750-square-mile area extending from the agricultural Central Valley to the Pacific Ocean. That’s less than the previous estimate of 13.7 billion barrels of recoverable oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”cd9476f757d42595c4f78880fa4dd247″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://lat.ms/1ndwsx9\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reports the new estimate by the U.S. Energy Information Administration is expected to be publicly released next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies have used hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, to unlock oil from the Monterey Shale with mixed success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil industry says it is hopeful new techniques will open up the formation.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The amount of oil that can be recovered from California's vast Monterey Shale formation using existing technology is far less than thought.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933615,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":145},"headData":{"title":"Estimate of Recoverable Monterey Shale Oil Slashed by Officials | KQED","description":"The amount of oil that can be recovered from California's vast Monterey Shale formation using existing technology is far less than thought.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/17648/estimate-of-recoverable-monterey-shale-oil-slashed-by-officials","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Associated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of oil that can be recovered from California’s vast Monterey Shale formation using existing technology is far less than thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s according to a new federal estimate that found just 600 million barrels of oil can be drawn from the Monterey Shale, a 1,750-square-mile area extending from the agricultural Central Valley to the Pacific Ocean. That’s less than the previous estimate of 13.7 billion barrels of recoverable oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://lat.ms/1ndwsx9\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reports the new estimate by the U.S. Energy Information Administration is expected to be publicly released next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies have used hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, to unlock oil from the Monterey Shale with mixed success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil industry says it is hopeful new techniques will open up the formation.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/17648/estimate-of-recoverable-monterey-shale-oil-slashed-by-officials","authors":["6387"],"series":["science_1022"],"categories":["science_33","science_40"],"tags":["science_429","science_64"],"featImg":"science_13657","label":"science_1022"},"news_110875":{"type":"posts","id":"news_110875","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"110875","score":null,"sort":[1378940037000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"little-love-for-california-fracking-bill-as-it-nears-passage","title":"Little Love for California Fracking Bill as It Nears Passage","publishDate":1378940037,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE:\u003c/strong> \u003cem>The Senate approved SB 4 on a 28-8 vote Wednesday night. The measure now goes to Governor Jerry Brown, who has said through a spokesman that he will sign the bill.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they're getting grief from all directions for something they've aired or written, reporters like to console themselves with the old saying, \"If you're making both sides mad, you must be doing something right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-105246\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/07/drillingrig-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"drillingrig\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">Perhaps state \u003ca href=\"http://sd27.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Sen. Fran Pavley\u003c/a>, a Southern California Democrat, can take some solace in that old saw as she reads the emailed statements blasting \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB4&search_keywords=\">her bill\u003c/a> regulating hydraulic fracturing in California's Monterey Shale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours after SB4 passed the Assembly on Wednesday, the Western States Petroleum Association said it was \"disappointed\" with the measure. The industry group warned the bill \"could create conditions that will make it difficult to continue to provide a reliable supply of domestic petroleum energy for California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while California's top oil lobbying group was complaining about the bill going too far, environmental groups were protesting it doesn't go far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This legislation does nothing to stop fracking or protect communities across the state from its harmful effects, and last minute changes to the bill made it even worse,\" says the release from Californians Against Fracking. \"The threats to our state's water, air, and climate are real and pressing and we don't have time for half measures like SB4.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation would tighten how California regulates hydraulic fracturing, a technique where drillers blast chemical- and sand-laden water deep underground to break up rock and extract oil and gas. Fracking has powered drilling booms in Pennsylvania, North Dakota and Texas, and energy companies are eying California's Monterey Shale as their potential next big hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would require drillers to tell the state what chemicals they're using, how much water they withdraw, and a lot of other information that would be posted on a public website. Drillers would also have to apply for permission to use fracking or other methods to \"stimulate\" their wells, in addition to the broader well-drilling permit they've sent to the states for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation has been amended 10 times since it was introduced. Some of those changes \u003ca href=\"http://www.news10.net/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=254890\">have made environmental groups angry\u003c/a> — particularly the removal of a conditional moratorium on fracking. And the energy industry is upset the bill's scope broadened from hydraulic fracturing to other extraction methods, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/13/california-fracking-regulators/\">particularly a process called acidizing.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://asmdc.org/members/a21/\" target=\"_blank\">Assemblyman Adam Gray\u003c/a>, a Democrat from the San Joaquin Valley, summed up the situation when he introduced the measure on the floor Wednesday morning. \"Some want no restrictions at all on well stimulation,\" he said. \"Others want a moratorium or ban on fracking and well stimulation. Neither of these positions are realistic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although environmental groups are still calling for an outright ban on the practice, many liberal Democrats took a much more pragmatic approach during the Assembly debate. Los Angeles-area Assemblyman Richard Bloom noted his bill to stop fracking didn't go anywhere earlier this year. \"I still believe that a moratorium is the best way to go with respect to fracking,\" Bloom said, \"but this bill is the next best alternative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Democrats now on board, the measure will likely pass in the Senate, which could vote as early as Thursday. And barring a change of heart from Gov. Jerry Brown, the measure will become law. Brown aide Evan Westrup said in a statement Wednesday that the bill \"comprehensively addresses potential impacts from fracking, including water and air quality, seismic activity and other potential risks,\" and is \"an important step forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A compromise fracking bill imposes conditions on the energy-extraction technique, but doesn't stop it. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1378953954,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":609},"headData":{"title":"Little Love for California Fracking Bill as It Nears Passage | KQED","description":"A compromise fracking bill imposes conditions on the energy-extraction technique, but doesn't stop it. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"110875 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=110875","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/09/11/little-love-for-california-fracking-bill-as-it-nears-passage/","disqusTitle":"Little Love for California Fracking Bill as It Nears Passage","customPermalink":"2013/09/11/110875/fracking-bill-caifornia-senate-vote/","path":"/news/110875/little-love-for-california-fracking-bill-as-it-nears-passage","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE:\u003c/strong> \u003cem>The Senate approved SB 4 on a 28-8 vote Wednesday night. The measure now goes to Governor Jerry Brown, who has said through a spokesman that he will sign the bill.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they're getting grief from all directions for something they've aired or written, reporters like to console themselves with the old saying, \"If you're making both sides mad, you must be doing something right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-105246\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/07/drillingrig-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"drillingrig\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">Perhaps state \u003ca href=\"http://sd27.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Sen. Fran Pavley\u003c/a>, a Southern California Democrat, can take some solace in that old saw as she reads the emailed statements blasting \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB4&search_keywords=\">her bill\u003c/a> regulating hydraulic fracturing in California's Monterey Shale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours after SB4 passed the Assembly on Wednesday, the Western States Petroleum Association said it was \"disappointed\" with the measure. The industry group warned the bill \"could create conditions that will make it difficult to continue to provide a reliable supply of domestic petroleum energy for California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while California's top oil lobbying group was complaining about the bill going too far, environmental groups were protesting it doesn't go far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This legislation does nothing to stop fracking or protect communities across the state from its harmful effects, and last minute changes to the bill made it even worse,\" says the release from Californians Against Fracking. \"The threats to our state's water, air, and climate are real and pressing and we don't have time for half measures like SB4.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation would tighten how California regulates hydraulic fracturing, a technique where drillers blast chemical- and sand-laden water deep underground to break up rock and extract oil and gas. Fracking has powered drilling booms in Pennsylvania, North Dakota and Texas, and energy companies are eying California's Monterey Shale as their potential next big hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would require drillers to tell the state what chemicals they're using, how much water they withdraw, and a lot of other information that would be posted on a public website. Drillers would also have to apply for permission to use fracking or other methods to \"stimulate\" their wells, in addition to the broader well-drilling permit they've sent to the states for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation has been amended 10 times since it was introduced. Some of those changes \u003ca href=\"http://www.news10.net/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=254890\">have made environmental groups angry\u003c/a> — particularly the removal of a conditional moratorium on fracking. And the energy industry is upset the bill's scope broadened from hydraulic fracturing to other extraction methods, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/13/california-fracking-regulators/\">particularly a process called acidizing.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://asmdc.org/members/a21/\" target=\"_blank\">Assemblyman Adam Gray\u003c/a>, a Democrat from the San Joaquin Valley, summed up the situation when he introduced the measure on the floor Wednesday morning. \"Some want no restrictions at all on well stimulation,\" he said. \"Others want a moratorium or ban on fracking and well stimulation. Neither of these positions are realistic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although environmental groups are still calling for an outright ban on the practice, many liberal Democrats took a much more pragmatic approach during the Assembly debate. Los Angeles-area Assemblyman Richard Bloom noted his bill to stop fracking didn't go anywhere earlier this year. \"I still believe that a moratorium is the best way to go with respect to fracking,\" Bloom said, \"but this bill is the next best alternative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Democrats now on board, the measure will likely pass in the Senate, which could vote as early as Thursday. And barring a change of heart from Gov. Jerry Brown, the measure will become law. Brown aide Evan Westrup said in a statement Wednesday that the bill \"comprehensively addresses potential impacts from fracking, including water and air quality, seismic activity and other potential risks,\" and is \"an important step forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/110875/little-love-for-california-fracking-bill-as-it-nears-passage","authors":["256"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_13","news_356"],"tags":["news_3605","news_152","news_4227"],"featImg":"news_83253","label":"news_6944"},"news_100414":{"type":"posts","id":"news_100414","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"100414","score":null,"sort":[1371657971000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fracking-regulation-bill-may-expand-to-other-types-of-drilling","title":"Fracking Regulation Bill May Expand to Other Parts of Drilling Process","publishDate":1371657971,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The legislator behind the last major hydraulic fracturing bill left standing in Sacramento says she’s preparing to broaden the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89024\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-89024\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/02/oilrig-300x248.jpg\" alt=\"An oil rig in Kern County, California where most fracking has historically taken place. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An oil rig in Kern County, California where most fracking has historically taken place. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED) \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Senator Fran Pavley’s bill, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB4&search_keywords=\">SB 4\u003c/a>, passed the Senate last month on a 28-11 vote. It’s now in front of the Assembly. The legislation would set standards for how California regulates oil drilling and what sort of information drillers would be required to make public. The Department of Conservation’s Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2013/03/22/118219/california_debates_how_to_regulate_fracking?category=science\">is working on\u003c/a> its \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/california-prepares-first-fracking-regulations-joining-nationwide-debate/\">own regulations governing fracking\u003c/a>, but Pavley has criticized the department for moving too slowly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pavley says she’s now preparing to rewrite the measure so that it covers other aspects of shale drilling – not just the fracking process that makes up just one stage of the oil extraction process. “We’ll amend it to broaden the well-stimulation processes,” she said, “with the bottom line being protecting the public health and safety, and not guessing which technology [to cover.] That’s perhaps not the point – it’s more so to have the transparency and disclosure in all our regulatory agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another change removes language that would have imposed a moratorium on the permitting of fracking if a safety study wasn’t completed by 2015. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>Sen. Fran Pavley says she’s preparing to rewrite her fracking measure to cover other aspects of shale drilling as well.\u003c/strong>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Pavley backed away from the moratorium language during last month’s Senate debate on the measure. Her latest comments came Tuesday afternoon, during a legislative hearing focused on the technical aspects of drilling. Experts walked lawmakers through the role acid can play in the shale drilling process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups have raised concerns that California’s proposed fracking regulations wouldn’t cover acid-based oil extraction. \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/28/us-california-oil-insight-idUSBRE94R0CO20130528\">As Reuters recently reported:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It is an old well completion method that involves pumping chemicals such as hydrofluoric acid into wells to melt rocks and other impediments to oil flow, and companies are not required to report when they do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are super-hazardous, poisonous chemicals and we have no idea what they are doing out there with it - how deep it is going, the volumes - nothing,\" said Bill Allayaud of the Environmental Working Group. \"Why shouldn't our state agency be regulating it as we hope they'll be regulating hydraulic fracturing?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Occidental Petroleum Corp, which is leading the way on Monterey development, said in 2011 it was mainly using acid jobs to get at the shale, and Occidental said this month that only a sixth of its California wells were fracked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venoco, a company well known for running California offshore operations near Santa Barbara and a driller of many onshore wells, estimated a few years ago that more than eight out of 10 Monterey wells could be completed with acid jobs alone.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Drillers \u003ca href=\"http://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2012/07/06/hydrochloric-acids-role-in-the-fracking-process/\">typically use acid to clean well pipes\u003c/a>, but it can also be used to break up shale rock. “Acid fracturing is a process of which the intended result is to create fractures,” explained Paul Deiro of the Western States Petroleum Association. “Is that the answer to success in the Monterey Shale? I think the answer to that is still on the table. We don’t know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the Monterey formation \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/usshalegas/\">may be one of the largest remaining oil plays\u003c/a> in the United States, the shale is fractured and uneven, due to California's seismic activity. That makes it much more difficult for energy companies to extract oil through standard fracking operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We use acid because it’s effective,” Deiro continued. “The same reason you use acid for other reasons. It’s effective. We handle it safely.” But acid spills aren’t unheard of: last summer, for example, \u003ca href=\"http://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2012/07/05/4700-gallons-of-acid-spill-at-bradford-county-drilling-site/\">more than 4,000 gallons of acid spilled\u003c/a> at a Pennsylvania gas drilling site.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371661772,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":686},"headData":{"title":"Fracking Regulation Bill May Expand to Other Parts of Drilling Process | KQED","description":"The legislator behind the last major hydraulic fracturing bill left standing in Sacramento says she’s preparing to broaden the measure. Senator Fran Pavley’s bill, SB 4, passed the Senate last month on a 28-11 vote. It’s now in front of the Assembly. The legislation would set standards for how California regulates oil drilling and what","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"100414 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=100414","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/06/19/fracking-regulation-bill-may-expand-to-other-types-of-drilling/","disqusTitle":"Fracking Regulation Bill May Expand to Other Parts of Drilling Process","customPermalink":"2013/california_fracking_bill/","path":"/news/100414/fracking-regulation-bill-may-expand-to-other-types-of-drilling","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The legislator behind the last major hydraulic fracturing bill left standing in Sacramento says she’s preparing to broaden the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89024\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-89024\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/02/oilrig-300x248.jpg\" alt=\"An oil rig in Kern County, California where most fracking has historically taken place. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An oil rig in Kern County, California where most fracking has historically taken place. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED) \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Senator Fran Pavley’s bill, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB4&search_keywords=\">SB 4\u003c/a>, passed the Senate last month on a 28-11 vote. It’s now in front of the Assembly. The legislation would set standards for how California regulates oil drilling and what sort of information drillers would be required to make public. The Department of Conservation’s Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2013/03/22/118219/california_debates_how_to_regulate_fracking?category=science\">is working on\u003c/a> its \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/california-prepares-first-fracking-regulations-joining-nationwide-debate/\">own regulations governing fracking\u003c/a>, but Pavley has criticized the department for moving too slowly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pavley says she’s now preparing to rewrite the measure so that it covers other aspects of shale drilling – not just the fracking process that makes up just one stage of the oil extraction process. “We’ll amend it to broaden the well-stimulation processes,” she said, “with the bottom line being protecting the public health and safety, and not guessing which technology [to cover.] That’s perhaps not the point – it’s more so to have the transparency and disclosure in all our regulatory agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another change removes language that would have imposed a moratorium on the permitting of fracking if a safety study wasn’t completed by 2015. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>Sen. Fran Pavley says she’s preparing to rewrite her fracking measure to cover other aspects of shale drilling as well.\u003c/strong>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Pavley backed away from the moratorium language during last month’s Senate debate on the measure. Her latest comments came Tuesday afternoon, during a legislative hearing focused on the technical aspects of drilling. Experts walked lawmakers through the role acid can play in the shale drilling process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups have raised concerns that California’s proposed fracking regulations wouldn’t cover acid-based oil extraction. \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/28/us-california-oil-insight-idUSBRE94R0CO20130528\">As Reuters recently reported:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It is an old well completion method that involves pumping chemicals such as hydrofluoric acid into wells to melt rocks and other impediments to oil flow, and companies are not required to report when they do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are super-hazardous, poisonous chemicals and we have no idea what they are doing out there with it - how deep it is going, the volumes - nothing,\" said Bill Allayaud of the Environmental Working Group. \"Why shouldn't our state agency be regulating it as we hope they'll be regulating hydraulic fracturing?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Occidental Petroleum Corp, which is leading the way on Monterey development, said in 2011 it was mainly using acid jobs to get at the shale, and Occidental said this month that only a sixth of its California wells were fracked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venoco, a company well known for running California offshore operations near Santa Barbara and a driller of many onshore wells, estimated a few years ago that more than eight out of 10 Monterey wells could be completed with acid jobs alone.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Drillers \u003ca href=\"http://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2012/07/06/hydrochloric-acids-role-in-the-fracking-process/\">typically use acid to clean well pipes\u003c/a>, but it can also be used to break up shale rock. “Acid fracturing is a process of which the intended result is to create fractures,” explained Paul Deiro of the Western States Petroleum Association. “Is that the answer to success in the Monterey Shale? I think the answer to that is still on the table. We don’t know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the Monterey formation \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/usshalegas/\">may be one of the largest remaining oil plays\u003c/a> in the United States, the shale is fractured and uneven, due to California's seismic activity. That makes it much more difficult for energy companies to extract oil through standard fracking operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We use acid because it’s effective,” Deiro continued. “The same reason you use acid for other reasons. It’s effective. We handle it safely.” But acid spills aren’t unheard of: last summer, for example, \u003ca href=\"http://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2012/07/05/4700-gallons-of-acid-spill-at-bradford-county-drilling-site/\">more than 4,000 gallons of acid spilled\u003c/a> at a Pennsylvania gas drilling site.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/100414/fracking-regulation-bill-may-expand-to-other-types-of-drilling","authors":["256"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_13","news_356"],"tags":["news_3605","news_4538","news_4227"],"label":"news_6944"},"news_94170":{"type":"posts","id":"news_94170","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"94170","score":null,"sort":[1366032657000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-democrats-flex-muscles-and-talk-about-how-to-use-them","title":"California Democrats Flex Muscles--and Talk About How to Use Them","publishDate":1366032657,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>If last month’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201303040850/a\">gathering of California Republicans\u003c/a> had the feel of a postmortem, this weekend’s California Democratic convention seemed much more like a three-day end-zone dance. Speaker after speaker took to the podium to tout the party’s 2012 victories: supermajorities in both the Assembly and Senate, winning six House seats from Republicans, and the passage of Gov. Jerry Brown's \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/politics/election2012/statepropositions-guide.jsp#1\">Proposition 30\u003c/a> tax measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94172\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/california-democrats-flex-muscles-and-talk-about-how-to-use-them/dempic1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94172\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94172\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/dempic1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"California's Democrats gathered in Sacramento this weekend\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California's Democrats gathered in Sacramento this weekend\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With Brown in China on a trade mission and neither of California’s U.S. senators speaking at the convention, the weekend gave up-and-coming Democrats a chance to step into the spotlight. In that sense, the weekend offered a preview of what a post-Brown gubernatorial primary might look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The convention was highlighted by passionate speeches from two Democrats with clear ambition for higher office: Lieutenant Governor Gavin Newsom and Attorney General Kamala Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom began his speech by joking about the six-day old “Newsom Administration” (he’s serving as acting governor with Brown abroad). Then he launched into a call for issues like the legalization of marijuana and repeal of the death penalty. “It’s not a deterrent. It’s not fool-proof. It is racially biased,” he said of capital punishment. “It costs more. And there’s no way to reverse a mistake when you put a wrongly accused person to death.” \u003c!--more-->Newsom has clashed publicly with Brown, and at times he sounded more like an opposition candidate than a member of a governing administration. He burst the Democrats’ feel-good bubble by calling for action to address the state's economic problems. “We not only have the highest homeless rate in America, but the highest poverty rate. Think about this: California has three of the top five impoverished metro areas in the entire nation: Fresno, Modesto and Bakersfield. ... 1.8 million Californians actively seeking employment that cannot find work. Statewide unemployment rate of 9.6 percent. The nation’s highest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Use a Supermajority\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom wasn’t the only speaker calling for Democrats to use their majority to push for legislation on big, liberal issues. Billionaire environmental activist Tom Steyer, who bankrolled last year’s successful \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/politics/election2012/statepropositions-guide.jsp#10\">Proposition 39 \u003c/a>campaign, wants Democrats to use their two-thirds majority to pass an oil-severance tax. The issue is timely, he said, because of an anticipated rush to exploit Central California's Monterey shale formation. “There has been a shale oil find in the state of California that is the biggest in the United States. It’s 15 billion barrels. Now, I have no idea if that can be safely or profitably extracted. But I do know we better put in the tax before we find out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">I feel like if we kind of go crazy and get all kinds of liberal policies going, then we’ll absolutely lose the majority.\n\u003cp>--Candy Easter, Kern County Democrat\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But for all the bold initiatives that the party's stars called for from the stage, many delegates seemed to agree with Gov. Brown's advice to use caution in using the power of the supermajority, saying they want to let the economy continue to improve, and avoid pushing too many big, expensive ideas at once. “I feel like if we kind of go crazy and get all kinds of liberal policies going, then we’ll absolutely lose the majority,” said Candy Easter of Kern County. Bryan Ladlow with the Napa County Young Democrats said he felt the same way. “Of course progressive issues are important,” he said. “But I want to make sure we don’t go too far to the left and alienate the people in the middle who helped us get where we are right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone wants Democrats to keep the brakes on, of course. Barbara Wilson of Los Angeles County urged legislators to hike corporate and drilling taxes and to fund social programs. “Now that we have a two-thirds majority let’s get it done,” she said. “Let’s get that money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"The Waiting Is Over\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Newsom focused on state issues during his speech, Attorney General Kamala Harris talked about national topics. Addressing \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/03/26/audio-transcript-of-supreme-court-proposition-8-oral-arguments/\">the United States Supreme Court’s impending decision on same-sex marriage\u003c/a>, Harris said Proposition 8 supporters “want to tell the 50,000 California children of loving same-sex couples that their families don’t count as real families. The message to these families ... if they want their fundamental rights, they’re going to have to wait.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we know justice cannot be served cold,” Harris continued. “We know each day is not equal. Dr. King said it best: the word 'wait' rings with a piercing familiarity for those who have long been denied their fundamental rights. We know 'wait' is just a substitute for 'never.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And sticking with a theme that “the waiting is over,” Harris made her way through a list of high-profile national issues. “We need to tell Congress this year—this month—it’s time. It’s time for comprehensive immigration reform. It’s time to stand with the people of Newtown for common-sense gun laws. Democrats, it’s time to stand up for workers and collective-bargaining rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94175\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/california-democrats-flex-muscles-and-talk-about-how-to-use-them/pelosi1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94175\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94175\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/pelosi1-300x240.jpg\" alt=\"House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi speaks to reporters in Sacramento\" width=\"300\" height=\"240\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi speaks to reporters in Sacramento\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But while California Democrats are in a commanding position in Sacramento, it's a different story in Washington. No one knows that better than House Speaker Nancy Pelosi. She fielded questions about immigration and gun legislation during the Sacramento convention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi told reporters she’s hoping lawmakers can pass an immigration law by the time Congress adjourns for August recess. She hedged on the chances for strong gun control measures like a ban on assault weapons sponsored by Sen. Dianne Feinstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can we ban it? Are the votes there to do so?\" Pelosi asked. \"Well, Senator Feinstein is a very determined person. Sentiment is everything. If the public wants this, we will get to this place.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366062921,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1063},"headData":{"title":"California Democrats Flex Muscles--and Talk About How to Use Them | KQED","description":"If last month’s gathering of California Republicans had the feel of a postmortem, this weekend’s California Democratic convention seemed much more like a three-day end-zone dance. Speaker after speaker took to the podium to tout the party’s 2012 victories: supermajorities in both the Assembly and Senate, winning six House seats from Republicans, and the passage","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"94170 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=94170","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/california-democrats-flex-muscles-and-talk-about-how-to-use-them/","disqusTitle":"California Democrats Flex Muscles--and Talk About How to Use Them","path":"/news/94170/california-democrats-flex-muscles-and-talk-about-how-to-use-them","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If last month’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201303040850/a\">gathering of California Republicans\u003c/a> had the feel of a postmortem, this weekend’s California Democratic convention seemed much more like a three-day end-zone dance. Speaker after speaker took to the podium to tout the party’s 2012 victories: supermajorities in both the Assembly and Senate, winning six House seats from Republicans, and the passage of Gov. Jerry Brown's \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/politics/election2012/statepropositions-guide.jsp#1\">Proposition 30\u003c/a> tax measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94172\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/california-democrats-flex-muscles-and-talk-about-how-to-use-them/dempic1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94172\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94172\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/dempic1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"California's Democrats gathered in Sacramento this weekend\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California's Democrats gathered in Sacramento this weekend\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With Brown in China on a trade mission and neither of California’s U.S. senators speaking at the convention, the weekend gave up-and-coming Democrats a chance to step into the spotlight. In that sense, the weekend offered a preview of what a post-Brown gubernatorial primary might look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The convention was highlighted by passionate speeches from two Democrats with clear ambition for higher office: Lieutenant Governor Gavin Newsom and Attorney General Kamala Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom began his speech by joking about the six-day old “Newsom Administration” (he’s serving as acting governor with Brown abroad). Then he launched into a call for issues like the legalization of marijuana and repeal of the death penalty. “It’s not a deterrent. It’s not fool-proof. It is racially biased,” he said of capital punishment. “It costs more. And there’s no way to reverse a mistake when you put a wrongly accused person to death.” \u003c!--more-->Newsom has clashed publicly with Brown, and at times he sounded more like an opposition candidate than a member of a governing administration. He burst the Democrats’ feel-good bubble by calling for action to address the state's economic problems. “We not only have the highest homeless rate in America, but the highest poverty rate. Think about this: California has three of the top five impoverished metro areas in the entire nation: Fresno, Modesto and Bakersfield. ... 1.8 million Californians actively seeking employment that cannot find work. Statewide unemployment rate of 9.6 percent. The nation’s highest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Use a Supermajority\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom wasn’t the only speaker calling for Democrats to use their majority to push for legislation on big, liberal issues. Billionaire environmental activist Tom Steyer, who bankrolled last year’s successful \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/politics/election2012/statepropositions-guide.jsp#10\">Proposition 39 \u003c/a>campaign, wants Democrats to use their two-thirds majority to pass an oil-severance tax. The issue is timely, he said, because of an anticipated rush to exploit Central California's Monterey shale formation. “There has been a shale oil find in the state of California that is the biggest in the United States. It’s 15 billion barrels. Now, I have no idea if that can be safely or profitably extracted. But I do know we better put in the tax before we find out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">I feel like if we kind of go crazy and get all kinds of liberal policies going, then we’ll absolutely lose the majority.\n\u003cp>--Candy Easter, Kern County Democrat\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But for all the bold initiatives that the party's stars called for from the stage, many delegates seemed to agree with Gov. Brown's advice to use caution in using the power of the supermajority, saying they want to let the economy continue to improve, and avoid pushing too many big, expensive ideas at once. “I feel like if we kind of go crazy and get all kinds of liberal policies going, then we’ll absolutely lose the majority,” said Candy Easter of Kern County. Bryan Ladlow with the Napa County Young Democrats said he felt the same way. “Of course progressive issues are important,” he said. “But I want to make sure we don’t go too far to the left and alienate the people in the middle who helped us get where we are right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone wants Democrats to keep the brakes on, of course. Barbara Wilson of Los Angeles County urged legislators to hike corporate and drilling taxes and to fund social programs. “Now that we have a two-thirds majority let’s get it done,” she said. “Let’s get that money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"The Waiting Is Over\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Newsom focused on state issues during his speech, Attorney General Kamala Harris talked about national topics. Addressing \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/03/26/audio-transcript-of-supreme-court-proposition-8-oral-arguments/\">the United States Supreme Court’s impending decision on same-sex marriage\u003c/a>, Harris said Proposition 8 supporters “want to tell the 50,000 California children of loving same-sex couples that their families don’t count as real families. The message to these families ... if they want their fundamental rights, they’re going to have to wait.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we know justice cannot be served cold,” Harris continued. “We know each day is not equal. Dr. King said it best: the word 'wait' rings with a piercing familiarity for those who have long been denied their fundamental rights. We know 'wait' is just a substitute for 'never.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And sticking with a theme that “the waiting is over,” Harris made her way through a list of high-profile national issues. “We need to tell Congress this year—this month—it’s time. It’s time for comprehensive immigration reform. It’s time to stand with the people of Newtown for common-sense gun laws. Democrats, it’s time to stand up for workers and collective-bargaining rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94175\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/california-democrats-flex-muscles-and-talk-about-how-to-use-them/pelosi1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94175\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94175\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/pelosi1-300x240.jpg\" alt=\"House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi speaks to reporters in Sacramento\" width=\"300\" height=\"240\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi speaks to reporters in Sacramento\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But while California Democrats are in a commanding position in Sacramento, it's a different story in Washington. No one knows that better than House Speaker Nancy Pelosi. She fielded questions about immigration and gun legislation during the Sacramento convention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi told reporters she’s hoping lawmakers can pass an immigration law by the time Congress adjourns for August recess. She hedged on the chances for strong gun control measures like a ban on assault weapons sponsored by Sen. Dianne Feinstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can we ban it? Are the votes there to do so?\" Pelosi asked. \"Well, Senator Feinstein is a very determined person. Sentiment is everything. If the public wants this, we will get to this place.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/94170/california-democrats-flex-muscles-and-talk-about-how-to-use-them","authors":["256"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_3605","news_16","news_152","news_2865","news_4225","news_4227","news_177","news_95"],"label":"news_6944"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/07/commonwealthclub.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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(Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"351\" height=\"263\" />\u003c/a> Just over 2,000 wells have been fracked in California, according to industry data. (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption]\r\n\r\nHydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has been used for more than 30 years in California, but it’s attracting attention and scrutiny because of renewed interest in the state’s large oil reserve, known as the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/05/21/californias-monterey-shale-bonanza-or-bust-nobody-really-knows/\">Monterey Shale\u003c/a>.\r\n\r\nIn California, fracking is done mainly for oil, while in other states with recent fracking booms, like Pennsylvania and Texas, it’s used largely for natural gas.\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>What is it?\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nFracking is just one phase of the process used to bring an oil or gas well into production. The technique is used to release oil from rocks deep underground. Water, mixed with sand and chemicals, is injected down the well bore at high pressure to create tiny fractures in the rock. \u003ca href=\"http://fracfocus.org/\">According to the oil industry\u003c/a>, more than 2,000 wells have been fracked in the state.\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Concerns\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nEnvironmental groups have called for a moratorium on fracking until the state does a comprehensive review of potential impacts on both water and air quality. A chief concern is the chemicals used, some of which are carcinogens, and potential contamination of groundwater. Fracking also \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/audio/with-drought-new-scrutiny-over-frackings-water-use/\">uses large volumes of freshwater\u003c/a>. Industry sources say it uses less freshwater in California than is used in other states and no cases of groundwater contamination have been found.\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Where it Stands\r\n\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nIn November 2013, state regulators \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2013/11/15/what-californias-new-fracking-rules-would-do-and-not-do/\">released draft rules for fracking\u003c/a> that are now \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/07/11/californias-new-fracking-regulations-delayed-half-a-year/\">expected to go into effect in July 2015\u003c/a>. They followed passage of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/09/11/110875/fracking-bill-caifornia-senate-vote\">SB 4\u003c/a>, a bill signed by Governor Jerry Brown, that spelled out what the regulations should cover.\r\n\r\nUnder the rules, oil and gas operators would be required to apply for a permit prior to fracking a well, and to provide written notice to nearby landowners. 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Fracking is just one phase of the process used to bring an oil or gas well into production. The technique is used to release oil from rocks deep underground. Water, mixed with sand and chemicals, is injected down the well bore at high pressure to create tiny fractures in the rock. According to the oil industry, more than 2,000 wells have been fracked in the state. Concerns Environmental groups have called for a moratorium on fracking until the state does a comprehensive review of potential impacts on both water and air quality. A chief concern is the chemicals used, some of which are carcinogens, and potential contamination of groundwater. Fracking also uses large volumes of freshwater. Industry sources say it uses less freshwater in California than is used in other states and no cases of groundwater contamination have been found. Where it Stands In November 2013, state regulators released draft rules for fracking that are now expected to go into effect in July 2015. They followed passage of SB 4, a bill signed by Governor Jerry Brown, that spelled out what the regulations should cover. Under the rules, oil and gas operators would be required to apply for a permit prior to fracking a well, and to provide written notice to nearby landowners. Operators would have to disclose what chemicals they use, but not the specific concentrations if they consider those a trade secret. State water regulators are also developing a groundwater monitoring program. 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