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She specializes in covering altered states of mind, from postpartum depression to methamphetamine-induced psychosis to the insanity defense. Her investigative series on insurance companies sidestepping mental health laws won multiple awards, including first place in beat reporting from the national Association of Health Care Journalists. She is the recipient of numerous other prizes and fellowships, including a national Edward R. 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She is a classically trained violinist and proud alum of the first symphony orchestra at Burning Man.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ef92999be4ceb9ea60701e7dc276f813?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"adembosky","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["author"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"April Dembosky | KQED","description":"KQED Health Correspondent","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ef92999be4ceb9ea60701e7dc276f813?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ef92999be4ceb9ea60701e7dc276f813?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/adembosky"},"lmorehouse":{"type":"authors","id":"3229","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"3229","found":true},"name":"Lisa Morehouse","firstName":"Lisa","lastName":"Morehouse","slug":"lmorehouse","email":"morehouse.lisa@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Lisa Morehouse is an award-winning public radio and print journalist, who has filed for National Public Radio, American Public Media, KQED Public Radio, Edutopia, and McSweeney’s. Her reporting has taken her from Samoan traveling circuses to Mississippi Delta classrooms to the homes of Lao refugees in rural Iowa. In addition to reporting, she teaches radio production to at-risk youth in the Bay Area. Her series \u003ca href=\"http://afterthegoldrushradio.com/\">After the Gold Rush\u003c/a> featured the changing industries, populations and identities of rural towns throughout California. She’s now producing \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiafoodways.com/\">California Foodways\u003c/a>, a series exploring the intersections of food, culture, economics, history and labor. Follow along on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/californiafoodways?ref=hl\">Facebook page\u003c/a> or on Twitter @cafoodways.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dae74b002a6e256f39abb19d6f5acaea?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lisa Morehouse | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dae74b002a6e256f39abb19d6f5acaea?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dae74b002a6e256f39abb19d6f5acaea?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lmorehouse"},"bwatt":{"type":"authors","id":"11238","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11238","found":true},"name":"Brian Watt","firstName":"Brian","lastName":"Watt","slug":"bwatt","email":"bwatt@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Morning News Anchor","bio":"Brian Watt is KQED's morning radio news anchor. He joined the KQED News team in April of 2016. Prior to that, he worked as a Reporter for KPCC in Los Angeles and a producer at \u003cem>Marketplace.\u003c/em>\r\n\r\nDuring eight years at KPCC, Brian covered business and economics, and his work won several awards. In 2008, he won the Los Angeles Press Club’s first-place award for Business and Financial Reporting, Broadcast. He’s also received honorable mention and been first runner up for the Press Club’s Radio Journalist of the Year. He won two Golden Mike awards from the Radio and TV News Association of Southern California.\r\n\r\nBrian holds degrees in theater from Yale University and the Sorbonne, and has worked as an actor in France, Italy, Brazil, Hungary and . . . Hollywood. He appeared in a few television shows, including \u003cem>The West Wing, Judging Amy\u003c/em> and \u003cem>The District.\u003c/em>\r\n\r\nEmail: bwatt@KQED.org Twitter: @RadioBWatt","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/55393ff57ed34e2be773ba4789dd6a19?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"@RadioBWatt","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Brian Watt | KQED","description":"Morning News Anchor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/55393ff57ed34e2be773ba4789dd6a19?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/55393ff57ed34e2be773ba4789dd6a19?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/bwatt"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11916028":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11916028","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11916028","score":null,"sort":[1654620744000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"lawmakers-consider-adding-mental-health-warnings-to-pot-products","title":"Cases of Cannabis-Induced Psychosis Rise. Lawmakers Want to Add Mental Health Warnings to Pot Products","publishDate":1654620744,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Elizabeth Kirkaldie’s grandson was at the top of his class in high school and a talented jazz bassist when he started smoking pot. The more serious he got about music, the more serious he got about pot.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And the more serious he got about pot, the more he became paranoid, even psychotic. He started hearing voices.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“They were going to kill him and there were people coming to eat his brain. Weird, weird stuff,” Kirkaldie says. “I woke up one morning and no Kory anywhere. Well, it turns out, he'd been running down Villa Lane here totally naked.”\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size='small' citation='Dr. Lynn Silver, Public Health Institute']'Today's turbocharged products are turbocharging the harms associated with cannabis.'[/pullquote]Kory came to live with his grandmother for a couple years in Napa. She thought maybe she could help. Now, she says that was naïve. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kory was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Kirkaldie blames the pot.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The drug use activated the psychosis, is what I really think,” she says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indeed, research confirms people who use cannabis are\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35315315/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">four times more likely\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to develop chronic psychosis, or schizophrenia, compared to people who don’t. For people who smoke every day or use higher potency products, the risk is up to\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35315315/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">six times higher\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. One study found eliminating marijuana use in adolescents would reduce global rates of schizophrenia\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-022-01586-8\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">by 10%\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Doctors and lawmakers in California want cannabis producers to warn consumers of this and other health risks on their package labels and in advertising, similar to requirements for cigarettes. They also want sellers to distribute health brochures to first-time customers outlining the risks cannabis poses to youth, drivers and those who are pregnant, especially for pot that has high concentrations of THC.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Today's turbocharged products are turbocharging the harms associated with cannabis,” says Dr. Lynn Silver with the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.phi.org/work-with-us/?gclid=CjwKCAjwv-GUBhAzEiwASUMm4sYE1WqZD4Z4iqYpMm60UMxb9B7hGezMGVxymh1JyTsjszQF7jfrIRoCUDUQAvD_BwE\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Public Health Institute\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a nonprofit sponsoring the proposed labeling legislation,\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB1097\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">SB 1097\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the Cannabis Right to Know Act.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Californians voted to legalize pot in 2016. Three years later, emergency room visits for cannabis-induced psychosis went up 54% across the state, from 682 visits to 1,053, according to\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://data.chhs.ca.gov/dataset/hospital-emergency-department-diagnosis-procedure-and-external-cause-codes\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">state hospital data\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For people who already have a psychotic disorder, cannabis can make things worse: It leads to more ER visits, more hospitalizations, and more legal troubles, says\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://medicine.yale.edu/profile/deepak_dsouza/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Deepak Cyril D’Souza\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a psychiatry professor at Yale University School of Medicine, who also serves on the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://portal.ct.gov/DCP/Medical-Marijuana-Program/Medical-Marijuana-Program-Board-of-Physicians\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">physicians’ advisory board\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for Connecticut's medical marijuana program.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But D’Souza faces great difficulty convincing his patients of the dangers, especially as\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">19 states\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> have legalized recreational marijuana.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Both my patients with schizophrenia, and also adolescents, hear very conflicting messages that it's legal — [that] in fact, there may be medical uses for it,” he says. “If there are medical uses, how can we say there's anything wrong with it?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11916223\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/003_KQED_LizKirkaldie_06062022.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11916223\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/003_KQED_LizKirkaldie_06062022-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A rectangular wooden frame holds three images of children. Two are blurred and the third shows Kory as a young boy in a denim shirt with a mop of dark hair, black eyes, and a happy smile.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/003_KQED_LizKirkaldie_06062022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/003_KQED_LizKirkaldie_06062022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/003_KQED_LizKirkaldie_06062022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/003_KQED_LizKirkaldie_06062022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/003_KQED_LizKirkaldie_06062022.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elizabeth Kirkaldie holds a photo of Kory as a child at her home in Napa on June 6, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Legalization is not the problem, he says, but rather the commercialization of cannabis — the heavy marketing, which can be geared toward attracting young people to become customers for life — and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2016/10/27/california-cannabis-gets-thc-boost-as-voters-consider-legalizing-pot/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the increase in THC\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from 4% on average up to 20%-35% in today’s varieties.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Limiting the amount of THC in pot products and including health warnings on the labels could help reduce the health harms associated with cannabis use, D’Souza says, the same way they worked for cigarettes. He credits warning labels, education campaigns and marketing restrictions for the sharp drop in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/trends-in-tobacco-use-among-youth.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">smoking rates among kids and teens\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the last decade. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We know how to message them,” D’Souza says. “But I don’t think we have the will or the resources, as yet.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some states, including Colorado, Oregon and New York, have dabbled with cannabis warning label requirements. California’s proposed legislation suggests language for 10 distinct warnings, including:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11916265\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/warning-labels-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11916265\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/warning-labels-1-800x389.jpg\" alt=\"Three suggested warning labels in black lettering on a bright yellow background read: WARNING: Cannabis use may contribute to mental health problems, including psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Risk is greatest for frequent users and when using products with high THC levels. WARNING: Not for Kids or Teens! Starting cannabis use young or using frequently may lead to problem use and, according to the U.S. Surgeon General, may harm the developing brain. WARNING: Do not use if pregnant or breastfeeding. Substances in cannabis are transferred from the mother to the child and may harm your baby’s health, including causing low birth weight.\" width=\"800\" height=\"389\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/warning-labels-1-800x389.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/warning-labels-1-1020x495.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/warning-labels-1-160x78.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/warning-labels-1-1536x746.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/warning-labels-1.jpg 1678w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s proposed rules are modeled after comprehensive protocols established in Canada: rotating health warnings would have to be set against a bright yellow background, use black 12-point font, and take up a third of the front of the package. \u003ccite>(Image by Matthew Green/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Opponents of the proposed warning labels say the requirements are excessive and expensive, especially since marketing to children is already prohibited in California and people must be 21 to buy. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This bill is really duplicative and puts unnecessary burdens on the legal cannabis industry, as we already have incredibly restrictive packaging and advertising requirements,” says Lindsay Robinson, executive director of the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cacannabisindustry.org/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California Cannabis Industry Association\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which represents legal pot businesses.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state should focus more on combatting the illicit pot market, rather than further regulating the legal one, she says. Legal dispensaries are already struggling to keep up with existing rules and taxes: The state’s 1,500 licensed pot retailers generated \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdtfa.ca.gov/dataportal/dataset.htm?url=CannabisTaxRevenues\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">$1.3 billion in state tax revenue\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> last year. Adding more requirements just makes it harder for them to compete with the illicit market, she says, and more likely to go out of business.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The only real option if they fail out of the legal system is to shutter their businesses altogether or to operate underground. And I don't think the state of California, with the tax revenue, wants either of those to happen,” she says. “The heart of the issue is that there's a massive, unregulated market in the state.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some people, even parents like Elizabeth Kirkaldie, are skeptical the labels will work. Her grandson, Kory, is stable now, living with his dad. But she’s not sure a yellow warning would’ve stopped him when he was a teen. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“They’re just not going to pay attention,” she says. “But if it helps even one person? Great.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scientists still do not know what causes schizophrenia, but they believe multiple factors are at play, including genetics, family history, trauma and other influences in a person’s environment, like smoking pot. Some scientists believe having schizophrenia itself is what \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5341491/#:~:text=We%20found%20strong%20evidence%20in,2014).\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">predisposes people to smoking pot\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. While it’s difficult to prove a direct causal link between cannabis use and schizophrenia, the associations are strong enough to warrant action, says D’Souza — and importantly, pot use is one of the only risk factors people can control.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Not everyone who smoked cigarettes developed lung cancer, and not everyone who has lung cancer smoked cigarettes,” he says. “But I think we would all agree that one of the most preventable causes of lung cancer is cigarette smoking.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Applying the same health education strategies to cannabis that were used for tobacco, he says, is long overdue.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"One study found eliminating marijuana use in adolescents would reduce global rates of schizophrenia by 10%.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1654817094,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1169},"headData":{"title":"Cases of Cannabis-Induced Psychosis Rise. Lawmakers Want to Add Mental Health Warnings to Pot Products | KQED","description":"One study found eliminating marijuana use in adolescents would reduce global rates of schizophrenia by 10%.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11916028 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11916028","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/06/07/lawmakers-consider-adding-mental-health-warnings-to-pot-products/","disqusTitle":"Cases of Cannabis-Induced Psychosis Rise. Lawmakers Want to Add Mental Health Warnings to Pot Products","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/1e4ccc05-8878-4c91-b3a1-aead0134ab56/audio.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11916028/lawmakers-consider-adding-mental-health-warnings-to-pot-products","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Elizabeth Kirkaldie’s grandson was at the top of his class in high school and a talented jazz bassist when he started smoking pot. The more serious he got about music, the more serious he got about pot.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And the more serious he got about pot, the more he became paranoid, even psychotic. He started hearing voices.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“They were going to kill him and there were people coming to eat his brain. Weird, weird stuff,” Kirkaldie says. “I woke up one morning and no Kory anywhere. Well, it turns out, he'd been running down Villa Lane here totally naked.”\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Today's turbocharged products are turbocharging the harms associated with cannabis.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"small","citation":"Dr. Lynn Silver, Public Health Institute","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Kory came to live with his grandmother for a couple years in Napa. She thought maybe she could help. Now, she says that was naïve. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kory was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Kirkaldie blames the pot.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The drug use activated the psychosis, is what I really think,” she says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indeed, research confirms people who use cannabis are\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35315315/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">four times more likely\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to develop chronic psychosis, or schizophrenia, compared to people who don’t. For people who smoke every day or use higher potency products, the risk is up to\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35315315/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">six times higher\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. One study found eliminating marijuana use in adolescents would reduce global rates of schizophrenia\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-022-01586-8\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">by 10%\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Doctors and lawmakers in California want cannabis producers to warn consumers of this and other health risks on their package labels and in advertising, similar to requirements for cigarettes. They also want sellers to distribute health brochures to first-time customers outlining the risks cannabis poses to youth, drivers and those who are pregnant, especially for pot that has high concentrations of THC.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Today's turbocharged products are turbocharging the harms associated with cannabis,” says Dr. Lynn Silver with the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.phi.org/work-with-us/?gclid=CjwKCAjwv-GUBhAzEiwASUMm4sYE1WqZD4Z4iqYpMm60UMxb9B7hGezMGVxymh1JyTsjszQF7jfrIRoCUDUQAvD_BwE\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Public Health Institute\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a nonprofit sponsoring the proposed labeling legislation,\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB1097\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">SB 1097\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the Cannabis Right to Know Act.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Californians voted to legalize pot in 2016. Three years later, emergency room visits for cannabis-induced psychosis went up 54% across the state, from 682 visits to 1,053, according to\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://data.chhs.ca.gov/dataset/hospital-emergency-department-diagnosis-procedure-and-external-cause-codes\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">state hospital data\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For people who already have a psychotic disorder, cannabis can make things worse: It leads to more ER visits, more hospitalizations, and more legal troubles, says\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://medicine.yale.edu/profile/deepak_dsouza/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Deepak Cyril D’Souza\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a psychiatry professor at Yale University School of Medicine, who also serves on the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://portal.ct.gov/DCP/Medical-Marijuana-Program/Medical-Marijuana-Program-Board-of-Physicians\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">physicians’ advisory board\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for Connecticut's medical marijuana program.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But D’Souza faces great difficulty convincing his patients of the dangers, especially as\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">19 states\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> have legalized recreational marijuana.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Both my patients with schizophrenia, and also adolescents, hear very conflicting messages that it's legal — [that] in fact, there may be medical uses for it,” he says. “If there are medical uses, how can we say there's anything wrong with it?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11916223\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/003_KQED_LizKirkaldie_06062022.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11916223\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/003_KQED_LizKirkaldie_06062022-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A rectangular wooden frame holds three images of children. Two are blurred and the third shows Kory as a young boy in a denim shirt with a mop of dark hair, black eyes, and a happy smile.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/003_KQED_LizKirkaldie_06062022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/003_KQED_LizKirkaldie_06062022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/003_KQED_LizKirkaldie_06062022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/003_KQED_LizKirkaldie_06062022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/003_KQED_LizKirkaldie_06062022.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elizabeth Kirkaldie holds a photo of Kory as a child at her home in Napa on June 6, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Legalization is not the problem, he says, but rather the commercialization of cannabis — the heavy marketing, which can be geared toward attracting young people to become customers for life — and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2016/10/27/california-cannabis-gets-thc-boost-as-voters-consider-legalizing-pot/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the increase in THC\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from 4% on average up to 20%-35% in today’s varieties.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Limiting the amount of THC in pot products and including health warnings on the labels could help reduce the health harms associated with cannabis use, D’Souza says, the same way they worked for cigarettes. He credits warning labels, education campaigns and marketing restrictions for the sharp drop in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/trends-in-tobacco-use-among-youth.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">smoking rates among kids and teens\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the last decade. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We know how to message them,” D’Souza says. “But I don’t think we have the will or the resources, as yet.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some states, including Colorado, Oregon and New York, have dabbled with cannabis warning label requirements. California’s proposed legislation suggests language for 10 distinct warnings, including:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11916265\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/warning-labels-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11916265\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/warning-labels-1-800x389.jpg\" alt=\"Three suggested warning labels in black lettering on a bright yellow background read: WARNING: Cannabis use may contribute to mental health problems, including psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Risk is greatest for frequent users and when using products with high THC levels. WARNING: Not for Kids or Teens! Starting cannabis use young or using frequently may lead to problem use and, according to the U.S. Surgeon General, may harm the developing brain. WARNING: Do not use if pregnant or breastfeeding. Substances in cannabis are transferred from the mother to the child and may harm your baby’s health, including causing low birth weight.\" width=\"800\" height=\"389\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/warning-labels-1-800x389.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/warning-labels-1-1020x495.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/warning-labels-1-160x78.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/warning-labels-1-1536x746.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/warning-labels-1.jpg 1678w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s proposed rules are modeled after comprehensive protocols established in Canada: rotating health warnings would have to be set against a bright yellow background, use black 12-point font, and take up a third of the front of the package. \u003ccite>(Image by Matthew Green/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Opponents of the proposed warning labels say the requirements are excessive and expensive, especially since marketing to children is already prohibited in California and people must be 21 to buy. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This bill is really duplicative and puts unnecessary burdens on the legal cannabis industry, as we already have incredibly restrictive packaging and advertising requirements,” says Lindsay Robinson, executive director of the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cacannabisindustry.org/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California Cannabis Industry Association\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which represents legal pot businesses.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state should focus more on combatting the illicit pot market, rather than further regulating the legal one, she says. Legal dispensaries are already struggling to keep up with existing rules and taxes: The state’s 1,500 licensed pot retailers generated \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdtfa.ca.gov/dataportal/dataset.htm?url=CannabisTaxRevenues\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">$1.3 billion in state tax revenue\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> last year. Adding more requirements just makes it harder for them to compete with the illicit market, she says, and more likely to go out of business.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The only real option if they fail out of the legal system is to shutter their businesses altogether or to operate underground. And I don't think the state of California, with the tax revenue, wants either of those to happen,” she says. “The heart of the issue is that there's a massive, unregulated market in the state.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some people, even parents like Elizabeth Kirkaldie, are skeptical the labels will work. Her grandson, Kory, is stable now, living with his dad. But she’s not sure a yellow warning would’ve stopped him when he was a teen. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“They’re just not going to pay attention,” she says. “But if it helps even one person? Great.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scientists still do not know what causes schizophrenia, but they believe multiple factors are at play, including genetics, family history, trauma and other influences in a person’s environment, like smoking pot. Some scientists believe having schizophrenia itself is what \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5341491/#:~:text=We%20found%20strong%20evidence%20in,2014).\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">predisposes people to smoking pot\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. While it’s difficult to prove a direct causal link between cannabis use and schizophrenia, the associations are strong enough to warrant action, says D’Souza — and importantly, pot use is one of the only risk factors people can control.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Not everyone who smoked cigarettes developed lung cancer, and not everyone who has lung cancer smoked cigarettes,” he says. “But I think we would all agree that one of the most preventable causes of lung cancer is cigarette smoking.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Applying the same health education strategies to cannabis that were used for tobacco, he says, is long overdue.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11916028/lawmakers-consider-adding-mental-health-warnings-to-pot-products","authors":["3205"],"categories":["news_457","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_28199","news_102","news_431","news_22282","news_31186"],"featImg":"news_11916217","label":"news"},"news_11841792":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11841792","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11841792","score":null,"sort":[1602289154000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-california-report-turns-25-part-1-ca-on-the-forefront-of-progressive-change","title":"The California Report Turns 25 Part 1: CA on the Forefront of Progressive Change","publishDate":1602289154,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report Magazine | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":26731,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>October marks the 25th anniversary of The California Report, and this week, we’re kicking off the first in a series of shows celebrating 25 years on the air. In this first installment, we’ll listen back to stories that showcase some of the ways the state has been a trailblazer. From passing first-in-the-nation climate change initiatives, to legalizing medical marijuana, to galvanizing the immigrants-right movement and marrying same-sex couples at San Francisco City Hall back in 2004, our state is often on the frontlines of progressive change. Host Sasha Khokha is joined by Scott Shafer, senior editor for KQED’s Politics and Government Desk and former host of The California Report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"We kick off our 25th anniversary celebration with a look back at some of California's most trailblazing legislation. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1602289154,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":122},"headData":{"title":"The California Report Turns 25 Part 1: CA on the Forefront of Progressive Change | KQED","description":"We kick off our 25th anniversary celebration with a look back at some of California's most trailblazing legislation.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11841792 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11841792","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/10/09/the-california-report-turns-25-part-1-ca-on-the-forefront-of-progressive-change/","disqusTitle":"The California Report Turns 25 Part 1: CA on the Forefront of Progressive Change","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC9979420874.mp3","path":"/news/11841792/the-california-report-turns-25-part-1-ca-on-the-forefront-of-progressive-change","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>October marks the 25th anniversary of The California Report, and this week, we’re kicking off the first in a series of shows celebrating 25 years on the air. In this first installment, we’ll listen back to stories that showcase some of the ways the state has been a trailblazer. From passing first-in-the-nation climate change initiatives, to legalizing medical marijuana, to galvanizing the immigrants-right movement and marrying same-sex couples at San Francisco City Hall back in 2004, our state is often on the frontlines of progressive change. Host Sasha Khokha is joined by Scott Shafer, senior editor for KQED’s Politics and Government Desk and former host of The California Report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11841792/the-california-report-turns-25-part-1-ca-on-the-forefront-of-progressive-change","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_72","news_26731"],"categories":["news_21291"],"tags":["news_18538","news_255","news_2626","news_24303","news_431","news_21268","news_22018"],"featImg":"news_11841802","label":"news_26731"},"news_11810441":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11810441","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11810441","score":null,"sort":[1586008833000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"home-baked-how-pot-brownies-brought-some-relief-during-the-aids-epidemic","title":"Home Baked: How Pot Brownies Brought Some Relief During the AIDS Epidemic","publishDate":1586008833,"format":"audio","headTitle":"California Foodways | The California Report Magazine | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":26731,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The coronavirus is on all of our minds, and for some, it \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11808367/coronavirus-lessons-from-veterans-of-the-aids-epidemic\">brings back memories \u003c/a>of another public health crisis, where the federal government was slow to respond and communities had to take care of each other: the AIDS epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One woman who became an unexpected caregiver is Meridy Volz. Starting in the 1970s, she ran a bakery called Sticky Fingers Brownies. \"The business changed,\" Meridy says. \"It went from something fun and lightweight to something that was a lifeline.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Meridy Moves Out West\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Meridy arrived in San Francisco in 1975, just in time to have her mind blown on Polk Street on Halloween. “It was filled with costumes and color and drag queens and energy,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy was ready for a scene like this. She’d already been an artist and activist in Milwaukee, protesting for gay liberation and against the war in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And San Francisco was like a land of promise: — liberal and artistic and free,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy was a working artist, but needed a little more income, so she joined a friend selling baked goods and coffee on Fisherman’s Wharf. Today, the wharf is a tourist trap, but back then, it was a haven for street artists, selling handcrafted jewelry and knickknacks on little card tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Barbara Hartman-Jenichen, former baker at Sticky Fingers\"]'It was that whole time, that whole era, everything seemed magical. Walking next to cops on the wharf and you've got magic brownies in your bag and you know, and you feel protected.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her friend carried a Guatemalan pouch of marijuana brownies over her shoulder, and that quickly became the most lucrative part of her business. When she decided to move to Europe, she offered the business to Meridy. Like every decision in her life, Meridy consulted an ancient Chinese text, the \"I Ching,\" used for guidance and wisdom, which involved tossing a brass coin six times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I picked up the coins and I tossed a hexagram,” she says, and then asked, ‘Is it correct to start to sell brownies?’ And very quickly, my answer became clear that this was my destiny.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Sticky Fingers Is Born\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There was one little problem: Meridy couldn’t cook. But luckily, she met Barbara Hartman-Jenichen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barb had been a costumer for a prominent San Francisco theater, but pretty soon she quit that job and started baking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers making a lot more than brownies. “Pumpkin bread, blueberry muffins, some little peanut butter things called space balls, cranberry orange bread.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One evening after handling brownies all day, Barb had an idea: “I held my hands up and said, ‘sticky fingers,’ and boom, that was the name of the business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name was perfect: a little sweet, a little dirty, and a little rock 'n' roll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11810549\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1497px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11810549\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42515_Pic-003_Barb-and-Mer-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1497\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42515_Pic-003_Barb-and-Mer-qut.jpg 1497w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42515_Pic-003_Barb-and-Mer-qut-160x128.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42515_Pic-003_Barb-and-Mer-qut-800x641.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42515_Pic-003_Barb-and-Mer-qut-1020x818.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1497px) 100vw, 1497px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barb and Meridy smile together. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Meridy Volz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The artists at Fisherman’s Wharf started sending Meridy to gallery owners and shop owners in the neighborhood, who sent her to other store owners. Pretty soon, Sticky Fingers was delivering to small businesses all over the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What can I tell you? Fools have no fear,” says Barb. “It was that whole time, that whole era, everything seemed magical. Walking next to cops on the wharf and you've got magic brownies in your bag and you know, and you feel protected. I never felt threatened at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They consulted the \"I Ching\" over every decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean we wouldn't even go to a bar without tossing a hexagram,” says Barb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Meridy Volz\"]'There were beautiful boys everywhere. There was a style: There were sideburns and mutton chops and mustaches. They were draped over cars and leaning on buildings and sitting on steps.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By this time, Meridy was making money. She had good friends and time to paint. The one area of her life that felt unfulfilled was her love life. So Barb set her up on a blind date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had been going to UC Berkeley, but he dropped out to go to the Berkeley Psychic Institute. He was also a painter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug Volz went to Meridy’s house and saw her at the top of these long Victorian stairs, with light beaming behind her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a very strong impression,” he says. “And that first week with her I did more drugs than I'd done in my life previously up until that point in time. It was pretty wild.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They moved in together almost right away, into a firetrap of a warehouse in San Francisco’s Mission District, and Doug joined Sticky Fingers Brownies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11810559\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 489px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-11810559\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42510_orange-and-blue2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"489\" height=\"620\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42510_orange-and-blue2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42510_orange-and-blue2-qut-160x203.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42510_orange-and-blue2-qut-800x1014.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42510_orange-and-blue2-qut-1020x1293.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 489px) 100vw, 489px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sticky Fingers crew dressed up in outrageous outfits to deliver their brownies around San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Meridy Volz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>A New Neighborhood Route\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Barb went back to working in theater, so Sticky Fingers hired a new baker, Carmen Vigil, who ramped up production to about 10,000 brownies per month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which makes you wonder, why would they draw so much attention to themselves if they’re doing something illegal?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug explains, matter-of-factly, “The way to be invisible in a situation is to stand out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’d deliver the brownies wearing outrageous outfits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11810565\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 404px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11810565\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42512_Bag-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"404\" height=\"730\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42512_Bag-2-qut.jpg 1785w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42512_Bag-2-qut-160x289.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42512_Bag-2-qut-800x1446.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42512_Bag-2-qut-1020x1843.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meridy and Doug made hand-drawn designs for the bags the brownies came in. One has a cowboy riding a brownie like a bucking bronco. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Meridy Volz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dressing up played really well in her newest neighborhood route: the Castro. It was the destination of people from across America who wanted to come out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were beautiful boys everywhere,” says Meridy. “There was a style: There were sideburns and mutton chops and mustaches. They were draped over cars and leaning on buildings and sitting on steps. Lovely men everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also hand delivered to Castro resident Sylvester, known as the Queen of Disco. Sylvester’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VyAHULpMXKQ\">breakout hit, \"Mighty Real,\"\u003c/a> was playing all over the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy says, “He always had an entourage, and there'd be Sylvester, generally in lounging pajamas or kimono, and they'd buy a massive amount of brownies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sticky Fingers Brownies became so popular in the Castro that Meridy could hardly keep up, so her friends at a neighborhood hotspot called the Village Deli started selling them from behind the counter, friends like Dan Clowry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mer was just coming by with a big smile and her beautiful eyes. I always thought she looked like a mermaid or like a peacock feather,” Dan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan moved to San Francisco on June 11, 1978. He drove his Oldsmobile convertible into the neighborhood and saw the iconic Castro theater sign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had such a feeling of excitement and thrill,\" Dan says. \"I could tell I was starting a new life. And I wasn't disappointed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within hours, Dan landed a job at the Village Deli. “And by the end of the day I was stoned on brownies,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By this time, Meridy was lugging more than brownies around. In late 1977, she and Doug had a baby daughter, Alia. Meridy would push the baby stroller with brownie bags hanging off the sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They could have been diaper bags! It was a good place to hang the brownies. They were heavy,” she says. She carried up to 40 dozen brownies at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan says the fact that everyone knew they could pick up Sticky Fingers Brownies at the Village Deli gave the cafe a bit of celebrity status. “This added to the the general feeling of euphoria in the Castro at the time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11810562\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 381px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-11810562\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42508_8.-Me-and-Dad-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"381\" height=\"553\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42508_8.-Me-and-Dad-qut.jpg 705w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42508_8.-Me-and-Dad-qut-160x232.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Doug Volz hold his daughter, Alia. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Meridy Volz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>'It All Came Crashing Down'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Gay liberation politics were hot and happening in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy frequented most of the stores in the neighborhood, including Castro Camera. It was a tiny, cluttered photo shop, that also served as campaign and organizing headquarters for Harvey Milk, who was becoming the most iconic figure of the gay liberation movement. Harvey had sworn off drugs when he got into politics, but that didn’t mean his employees or campaign volunteers abstained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan remembers, “You know, I got there in June of ‘78, so I only had, what, four or five months of euphoria, then it all came crashing down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late November, a young Dianne Feinstein made a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NikqzmwbgU\">now-famous statement to the press,\u003c/a> “As President of the Board of Supervisors, it’s my duty to make this announcement. Both Mayor Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk have been shot and killed. The suspect is Supervisor Dan White.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can remember standing in the warehouse and going, ‘Oh, my God,'” Meridy says. “I could feel the earth shift.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan remembers, “You could feel the shock, the stillness on Castro Street.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At nightfall, a silent candlelight vigil went from Castro Street down to City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"a message on the last bag of Sticky Fingers Brownies\"]'Give it up and you get it all, power to the people, we love you, Sticky Fingers Brownies.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The candlelight march was one of the most powerful things I've ever been involved in,” Dan says. “It just was the start of a whole new feeling in the Castro. Then it became anger and shock and rebellion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The neighborhood changed, the city changed, and the Volz family began to change. The \"I Ching\" hexagrams Meridy threw took an ominous turn. “Suddenly I'm getting hexagrams like shock, thunder, the abysmal,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With other marijuana busts happening in San Francisco, Meridy and Doug thought they’d get caught. Meridy says, when they announced they were closing Sticky Fingers Brownies, people started to panic buy. Offers poured in from people who wanted to buy the business, or buy the recipe, or buy the customer list. Meridy says the \"I Ching\" hexagrams kept giving the same answer: not right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They decided to give away the recipe. So on that last bag, they printed the recipe and Meridy wrote in cursive: “Give it up and you get it all, power to the people, we love you, Sticky Fingers Brownies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11810548\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1358px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11810548\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42518_Scan_20200401-6-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1358\" height=\"1057\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42518_Scan_20200401-6-qut.jpg 1358w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42518_Scan_20200401-6-qut-160x125.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42518_Scan_20200401-6-qut-800x623.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42518_Scan_20200401-6-qut-1020x794.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1358px) 100vw, 1358px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brownies wrapped, ready for delivery. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Meridy Volz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>A Changing Castro\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Meridy, Doug and little Alia moved up to a town called Willits in Mendocino County, but with no plan for making a living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pretty soon it seemed obvious that our money, whatever we had, was running out. It was a matter of months,” says Meridy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She started making monthly runs back down to San Francisco, often with Alia in tow, staying at Beck’s Motor Lodge on the edge of the Castro. It was on these monthly runs that Meridy first started noticing little purple lesions on customers’ skin. It wouldn’t be long before the brownies became much more than a money-making venture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe it was 1981, during my run in the Castro. I walked past Star Pharmacy and saw a poster that had somebody showing their lesions with Kaposi, and it was talking about the 'gay cancer,' ” says Meridy. The “gay cancer” soon became known as AIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vibe in the Castro began to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No longer was that kind of sea of pretty men draped over cars and sitting on steps,” says Meridy. “There was a fear. It was palpable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From his post at the Village Deli, Dan Clowry watched the AIDS epidemic unfold. [aside postID=\"news_11808367\" label=\"Looking to the Past\" hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/1920_Silverman-1020x574.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was taking people out right and left,\" Dan says. \"I was one of the lucky ones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan started to see his role change from restaurant manager to care-taker. He wanted to make sure his customers were comfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a lot of shame, and I just did my best to try to not make people feel ashamed,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One day, one of Dan’s regular customers came in, his head swollen and purple like a grape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could just barely see who he was. But he was always a character in the neighborhood, someone who loved to dress up in 1940s military uniforms. And even with his head being all swollen up, he would dress himself up in his outfits and he'd put that little cap on the top of his head and he'd come to the door knowing that I was gonna be there and say, ‘Girl, you look fabulous today.’ You could see him just straighten up and feel, for a few minutes, it wasn’t nearly as bad,” Dan says, tearing up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy started losing friends, too. First acquaintances, lovers of friends, and then her best friend, Phillip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Phillip was beautiful, with the kind of smile where his whole face smiles,” she says. “One minute we were going to the opera, the next minute he was dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AIDS was still not well understood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn't know if that was airborne or to the touch,” says Meridy, “and for me, I didn't care. I was just there to help. I wasn't there to judge. I wasn't there to be afraid. And you had to put your big girl panties on for this. Being in the middle of that plague, my gut never let me down there. I always felt that I would be safe. And that Alia would be safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Alia Volz\"]'Pot brownies weren’t going to save anyone’s life over the long term but it brought them relief, and there wasn’t a lot of relief in those days.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the AIDS epidemic killed tens of thousands of people, President Ronald Reagan refused to talk about it for years. Throughout the entire AIDS crisis, there was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lgbtq-history-month-early-days-america-s-aids-crisis-n919701\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chronic underfunding and a lack of government support\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the San Francisco General Hospital opened the first AIDS ward in the country, and activism took many forms. People delivered meals, created hospices, supported emergency funds. Cleve Jones started the \u003ca href=\"https://aidsmemorial.org/theaidsquilt-learnmore/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NAMES Project, \u003c/a>putting together a massive quilt that would appeal to mainstream America. Though it started in New York, the advocacy group ACT UP staged \u003ca href=\"https://48hills.org/2015/06/the-week-act-up-shut-sf-down/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">highly visible protests\u003c/a> in San Francisco, too, and campaigned to get early access to experimental drugs and to make sure that when these drugs came out, they’d be affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Clowry says, “When they did come up with AZT, that was the only thing they had. Every place you went in the Castro you would hear ‘doo doo doo doo doo,’ because everybody had the little beeper with their pills in it. Every four hours they had to take their pills. Restaurants, movies, bars, you would just keep hearing: ‘doo doo doo doo doo.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It became clear that AZT wasn’t effective in the long term. It extended some people’s lives for a period, but it was also highly toxic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People were sick from the cures,” says Meridy, “and brownies were the one thing that helped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the '70s, Sticky Fingers Brownies was all about partying, making art and being subversive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The brownies became something else, when AIDS hit,” Meridy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It became a calling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It helped with depression,” she says. “It helped with the side effects of the drugs. It helped caregivers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan says he would give a sick friend a small piece of a brownie, “and then we'd go out for dinner. It was great for an appetite stimulant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the '90s, Dan left the Village Deli and became a nurse. He eventually helped open the AIDS unit at Mount Zion hospital, “and I ended up using that experience in my nursing because we would let people smoke marijuana out the windows of the hospital. Anything we could do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11810567\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1335px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11810567\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42516_Scan_20200401-10-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1335\" height=\"1060\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42516_Scan_20200401-10-qut.jpg 1335w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42516_Scan_20200401-10-qut-160x127.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42516_Scan_20200401-10-qut-800x635.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42516_Scan_20200401-10-qut-1020x810.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1335px) 100vw, 1335px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"The Wrapettes,\" preparing the brownies for delivery. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Meridy Volz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Finding a Purpose in Providing Some Relief\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When Alia was 9, her parents divorced. Mother and daughter moved back to San Francisco, and Alia was deemed old enough to help bake, and sometimes she went with her mom on deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the AIDS crisis, there were a lot of home deliveries,” says Meridy. At this point she’d been delivering to Sylvester at his house for a decade. “After a while delivering at Sylvester's, I only dealt with his entourage, when he got really sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s another delivery that's really vivid in my mind,” says Alia. “There was a couple, friends of Sylvester’s, who lived in a beautiful Victorian.” She remembers the man who came to the door being so emaciated she could see every bone in his body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did not know what we were walking into,” says Meridy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alia says, when she entered the couple’s living room, she noticed a photograph on the mantle. “They were on a beach with their arms around each other, sand on their shoulders, and smiling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a bed in the middle of the room. “It took a while for me to register that what I thought was a pile of blankets on the bed was a person,” Alia says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The caregiver was sick and the guy in the bed was on his last leg,” says Meridy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alia says, “His caretaker who was also his partner, who was also dying, woke him up to say, ‘I’ve got those brownies and it’ll make you feel better.’ After that, when I helped my mom bake on the weekends, there was a new reason to do it. Pot brownies weren’t going to save anyone’s life over the long term but it brought them relief, and there wasn’t a lot of relief in those days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"pop_103422\" label=\"Stepping Up In a Time of Need\" hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/06/Ruth-Brinker-1020x574.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, first lady Nancy Reagan had started the \"Just Say No\" advertising campaign during the war on drugs. Alia sat through assemblies at school and saw PSAs on television. “Remember that egg hitting a frying pan?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy stayed under the radar. She never got caught. But other people involved with getting marijuana to people with AIDS did jail time and took the fight for medical marijuana public. One of those people was Brownie Mary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy remembers her as being kind of conservative. “She kind of looked like the church lady down the block, you know,\" Meridy says. \"You wouldn't look at her and say, ‘Criminal, right there.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around this time, protease inhibitors came on the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They started to have some medicines that seem to be — in some way — helping people live longer with it,” Meridy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next two years, Meridy watched cannabis clubs proliferate throughout San Francisco and realized her brownies just weren’t as necessary as they had been. She left San Francisco and has been making art full time ever since. She’s 72 now, living in Desert Hot Springs, where she paints and teaches art to teenagers and retirees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California today, the adult use of cannabis is legal, but Meridy says she’s totally out of the game, only taking an edible occasionally when she’s at home painting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She doesn’t talk about the old days that much, but since Alia just wrote a book about her mom’s life, Meridy’s starting to have to reveal her San Francisco days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alia says her childhood was unconventional, “But I was nurtured, I was cared for, and I was surrounded by an enormous amount of love.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy had that same kind of love for her friends and her community, Alia says, and that led her to do the risky work of making and selling marijuana brownies to help ease the suffering of people with AIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy still finds the AIDS crisis stunning. “I look back at how many beautiful people passed. It was a dangerous time, but in this case, it wasn't a thrill out of danger. It became a sense of, ‘Well, I have a purpose here in this. There's something I could do to help a little, relieve a little pain.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Alia Volz’s memoir, \"\u003ca href=\"https://aliavolz.com/\">Home Baked\u003c/a>: My Mom, Marijuana, and the Stoning of San Francisco,\" comes out on 4/20, 2020.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://californiafoodways.com/\">California Foodways\u003c/a> is supported by \u003ca href=\"https://calhum.org/\">California Humanities\u003c/a>, and the \u003ca href=\"https://thefern.org/\">Food and Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Meridy Volz became an unexpected source of comfort to people suffering from AIDS in the 1980s with her San Francisco baking business, Sticky Fingers Brownies.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1586217013,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":104,"wordCount":3578},"headData":{"title":"Home Baked: How Pot Brownies Brought Some Relief During the AIDS Epidemic | KQED","description":"Meridy Volz became an unexpected source of comfort to people suffering from AIDS in the 1980s with her San Francisco baking business, Sticky Fingers Brownies.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11810441 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11810441","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/04/04/home-baked-how-pot-brownies-brought-some-relief-during-the-aids-epidemic/","disqusTitle":"Home Baked: How Pot Brownies Brought Some Relief During the AIDS Epidemic","path":"/news/11810441/home-baked-how-pot-brownies-brought-some-relief-during-the-aids-epidemic","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2020/04/TCRPM20200403.mp3","audioDuration":1741000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The coronavirus is on all of our minds, and for some, it \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11808367/coronavirus-lessons-from-veterans-of-the-aids-epidemic\">brings back memories \u003c/a>of another public health crisis, where the federal government was slow to respond and communities had to take care of each other: the AIDS epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One woman who became an unexpected caregiver is Meridy Volz. Starting in the 1970s, she ran a bakery called Sticky Fingers Brownies. \"The business changed,\" Meridy says. \"It went from something fun and lightweight to something that was a lifeline.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Meridy Moves Out West\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Meridy arrived in San Francisco in 1975, just in time to have her mind blown on Polk Street on Halloween. “It was filled with costumes and color and drag queens and energy,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy was ready for a scene like this. She’d already been an artist and activist in Milwaukee, protesting for gay liberation and against the war in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And San Francisco was like a land of promise: — liberal and artistic and free,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy was a working artist, but needed a little more income, so she joined a friend selling baked goods and coffee on Fisherman’s Wharf. Today, the wharf is a tourist trap, but back then, it was a haven for street artists, selling handcrafted jewelry and knickknacks on little card tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'It was that whole time, that whole era, everything seemed magical. Walking next to cops on the wharf and you've got magic brownies in your bag and you know, and you feel protected.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Barbara Hartman-Jenichen, former baker at Sticky Fingers","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her friend carried a Guatemalan pouch of marijuana brownies over her shoulder, and that quickly became the most lucrative part of her business. When she decided to move to Europe, she offered the business to Meridy. Like every decision in her life, Meridy consulted an ancient Chinese text, the \"I Ching,\" used for guidance and wisdom, which involved tossing a brass coin six times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I picked up the coins and I tossed a hexagram,” she says, and then asked, ‘Is it correct to start to sell brownies?’ And very quickly, my answer became clear that this was my destiny.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Sticky Fingers Is Born\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There was one little problem: Meridy couldn’t cook. But luckily, she met Barbara Hartman-Jenichen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barb had been a costumer for a prominent San Francisco theater, but pretty soon she quit that job and started baking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers making a lot more than brownies. “Pumpkin bread, blueberry muffins, some little peanut butter things called space balls, cranberry orange bread.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One evening after handling brownies all day, Barb had an idea: “I held my hands up and said, ‘sticky fingers,’ and boom, that was the name of the business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name was perfect: a little sweet, a little dirty, and a little rock 'n' roll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11810549\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1497px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11810549\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42515_Pic-003_Barb-and-Mer-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1497\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42515_Pic-003_Barb-and-Mer-qut.jpg 1497w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42515_Pic-003_Barb-and-Mer-qut-160x128.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42515_Pic-003_Barb-and-Mer-qut-800x641.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42515_Pic-003_Barb-and-Mer-qut-1020x818.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1497px) 100vw, 1497px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barb and Meridy smile together. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Meridy Volz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The artists at Fisherman’s Wharf started sending Meridy to gallery owners and shop owners in the neighborhood, who sent her to other store owners. Pretty soon, Sticky Fingers was delivering to small businesses all over the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What can I tell you? Fools have no fear,” says Barb. “It was that whole time, that whole era, everything seemed magical. Walking next to cops on the wharf and you've got magic brownies in your bag and you know, and you feel protected. I never felt threatened at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They consulted the \"I Ching\" over every decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean we wouldn't even go to a bar without tossing a hexagram,” says Barb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'There were beautiful boys everywhere. There was a style: There were sideburns and mutton chops and mustaches. They were draped over cars and leaning on buildings and sitting on steps.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Meridy Volz","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By this time, Meridy was making money. She had good friends and time to paint. The one area of her life that felt unfulfilled was her love life. So Barb set her up on a blind date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had been going to UC Berkeley, but he dropped out to go to the Berkeley Psychic Institute. He was also a painter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug Volz went to Meridy’s house and saw her at the top of these long Victorian stairs, with light beaming behind her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a very strong impression,” he says. “And that first week with her I did more drugs than I'd done in my life previously up until that point in time. It was pretty wild.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They moved in together almost right away, into a firetrap of a warehouse in San Francisco’s Mission District, and Doug joined Sticky Fingers Brownies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11810559\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 489px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-11810559\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42510_orange-and-blue2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"489\" height=\"620\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42510_orange-and-blue2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42510_orange-and-blue2-qut-160x203.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42510_orange-and-blue2-qut-800x1014.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42510_orange-and-blue2-qut-1020x1293.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 489px) 100vw, 489px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sticky Fingers crew dressed up in outrageous outfits to deliver their brownies around San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Meridy Volz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>A New Neighborhood Route\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Barb went back to working in theater, so Sticky Fingers hired a new baker, Carmen Vigil, who ramped up production to about 10,000 brownies per month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which makes you wonder, why would they draw so much attention to themselves if they’re doing something illegal?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug explains, matter-of-factly, “The way to be invisible in a situation is to stand out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’d deliver the brownies wearing outrageous outfits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11810565\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 404px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11810565\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42512_Bag-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"404\" height=\"730\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42512_Bag-2-qut.jpg 1785w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42512_Bag-2-qut-160x289.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42512_Bag-2-qut-800x1446.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42512_Bag-2-qut-1020x1843.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meridy and Doug made hand-drawn designs for the bags the brownies came in. One has a cowboy riding a brownie like a bucking bronco. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Meridy Volz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dressing up played really well in her newest neighborhood route: the Castro. It was the destination of people from across America who wanted to come out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were beautiful boys everywhere,” says Meridy. “There was a style: There were sideburns and mutton chops and mustaches. They were draped over cars and leaning on buildings and sitting on steps. Lovely men everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also hand delivered to Castro resident Sylvester, known as the Queen of Disco. Sylvester’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VyAHULpMXKQ\">breakout hit, \"Mighty Real,\"\u003c/a> was playing all over the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy says, “He always had an entourage, and there'd be Sylvester, generally in lounging pajamas or kimono, and they'd buy a massive amount of brownies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sticky Fingers Brownies became so popular in the Castro that Meridy could hardly keep up, so her friends at a neighborhood hotspot called the Village Deli started selling them from behind the counter, friends like Dan Clowry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mer was just coming by with a big smile and her beautiful eyes. I always thought she looked like a mermaid or like a peacock feather,” Dan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan moved to San Francisco on June 11, 1978. He drove his Oldsmobile convertible into the neighborhood and saw the iconic Castro theater sign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had such a feeling of excitement and thrill,\" Dan says. \"I could tell I was starting a new life. And I wasn't disappointed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within hours, Dan landed a job at the Village Deli. “And by the end of the day I was stoned on brownies,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By this time, Meridy was lugging more than brownies around. In late 1977, she and Doug had a baby daughter, Alia. Meridy would push the baby stroller with brownie bags hanging off the sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They could have been diaper bags! It was a good place to hang the brownies. They were heavy,” she says. She carried up to 40 dozen brownies at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan says the fact that everyone knew they could pick up Sticky Fingers Brownies at the Village Deli gave the cafe a bit of celebrity status. “This added to the the general feeling of euphoria in the Castro at the time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11810562\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 381px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-11810562\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42508_8.-Me-and-Dad-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"381\" height=\"553\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42508_8.-Me-and-Dad-qut.jpg 705w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42508_8.-Me-and-Dad-qut-160x232.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Doug Volz hold his daughter, Alia. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Meridy Volz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>'It All Came Crashing Down'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Gay liberation politics were hot and happening in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy frequented most of the stores in the neighborhood, including Castro Camera. It was a tiny, cluttered photo shop, that also served as campaign and organizing headquarters for Harvey Milk, who was becoming the most iconic figure of the gay liberation movement. Harvey had sworn off drugs when he got into politics, but that didn’t mean his employees or campaign volunteers abstained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan remembers, “You know, I got there in June of ‘78, so I only had, what, four or five months of euphoria, then it all came crashing down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late November, a young Dianne Feinstein made a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NikqzmwbgU\">now-famous statement to the press,\u003c/a> “As President of the Board of Supervisors, it’s my duty to make this announcement. Both Mayor Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk have been shot and killed. The suspect is Supervisor Dan White.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can remember standing in the warehouse and going, ‘Oh, my God,'” Meridy says. “I could feel the earth shift.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan remembers, “You could feel the shock, the stillness on Castro Street.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At nightfall, a silent candlelight vigil went from Castro Street down to City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Give it up and you get it all, power to the people, we love you, Sticky Fingers Brownies.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"a message on the last bag of Sticky Fingers Brownies","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The candlelight march was one of the most powerful things I've ever been involved in,” Dan says. “It just was the start of a whole new feeling in the Castro. Then it became anger and shock and rebellion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The neighborhood changed, the city changed, and the Volz family began to change. The \"I Ching\" hexagrams Meridy threw took an ominous turn. “Suddenly I'm getting hexagrams like shock, thunder, the abysmal,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With other marijuana busts happening in San Francisco, Meridy and Doug thought they’d get caught. Meridy says, when they announced they were closing Sticky Fingers Brownies, people started to panic buy. Offers poured in from people who wanted to buy the business, or buy the recipe, or buy the customer list. Meridy says the \"I Ching\" hexagrams kept giving the same answer: not right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They decided to give away the recipe. So on that last bag, they printed the recipe and Meridy wrote in cursive: “Give it up and you get it all, power to the people, we love you, Sticky Fingers Brownies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11810548\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1358px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11810548\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42518_Scan_20200401-6-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1358\" height=\"1057\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42518_Scan_20200401-6-qut.jpg 1358w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42518_Scan_20200401-6-qut-160x125.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42518_Scan_20200401-6-qut-800x623.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42518_Scan_20200401-6-qut-1020x794.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1358px) 100vw, 1358px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brownies wrapped, ready for delivery. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Meridy Volz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>A Changing Castro\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Meridy, Doug and little Alia moved up to a town called Willits in Mendocino County, but with no plan for making a living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pretty soon it seemed obvious that our money, whatever we had, was running out. It was a matter of months,” says Meridy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She started making monthly runs back down to San Francisco, often with Alia in tow, staying at Beck’s Motor Lodge on the edge of the Castro. It was on these monthly runs that Meridy first started noticing little purple lesions on customers’ skin. It wouldn’t be long before the brownies became much more than a money-making venture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe it was 1981, during my run in the Castro. I walked past Star Pharmacy and saw a poster that had somebody showing their lesions with Kaposi, and it was talking about the 'gay cancer,' ” says Meridy. The “gay cancer” soon became known as AIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vibe in the Castro began to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No longer was that kind of sea of pretty men draped over cars and sitting on steps,” says Meridy. “There was a fear. It was palpable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From his post at the Village Deli, Dan Clowry watched the AIDS epidemic unfold. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11808367","label":"Looking to the Past ","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/1920_Silverman-1020x574.jpg"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was taking people out right and left,\" Dan says. \"I was one of the lucky ones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan started to see his role change from restaurant manager to care-taker. He wanted to make sure his customers were comfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a lot of shame, and I just did my best to try to not make people feel ashamed,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One day, one of Dan’s regular customers came in, his head swollen and purple like a grape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could just barely see who he was. But he was always a character in the neighborhood, someone who loved to dress up in 1940s military uniforms. And even with his head being all swollen up, he would dress himself up in his outfits and he'd put that little cap on the top of his head and he'd come to the door knowing that I was gonna be there and say, ‘Girl, you look fabulous today.’ You could see him just straighten up and feel, for a few minutes, it wasn’t nearly as bad,” Dan says, tearing up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy started losing friends, too. First acquaintances, lovers of friends, and then her best friend, Phillip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Phillip was beautiful, with the kind of smile where his whole face smiles,” she says. “One minute we were going to the opera, the next minute he was dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AIDS was still not well understood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn't know if that was airborne or to the touch,” says Meridy, “and for me, I didn't care. I was just there to help. I wasn't there to judge. I wasn't there to be afraid. And you had to put your big girl panties on for this. Being in the middle of that plague, my gut never let me down there. I always felt that I would be safe. And that Alia would be safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Pot brownies weren’t going to save anyone’s life over the long term but it brought them relief, and there wasn’t a lot of relief in those days.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Alia Volz","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the AIDS epidemic killed tens of thousands of people, President Ronald Reagan refused to talk about it for years. Throughout the entire AIDS crisis, there was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lgbtq-history-month-early-days-america-s-aids-crisis-n919701\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chronic underfunding and a lack of government support\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the San Francisco General Hospital opened the first AIDS ward in the country, and activism took many forms. People delivered meals, created hospices, supported emergency funds. Cleve Jones started the \u003ca href=\"https://aidsmemorial.org/theaidsquilt-learnmore/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NAMES Project, \u003c/a>putting together a massive quilt that would appeal to mainstream America. Though it started in New York, the advocacy group ACT UP staged \u003ca href=\"https://48hills.org/2015/06/the-week-act-up-shut-sf-down/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">highly visible protests\u003c/a> in San Francisco, too, and campaigned to get early access to experimental drugs and to make sure that when these drugs came out, they’d be affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Clowry says, “When they did come up with AZT, that was the only thing they had. Every place you went in the Castro you would hear ‘doo doo doo doo doo,’ because everybody had the little beeper with their pills in it. Every four hours they had to take their pills. Restaurants, movies, bars, you would just keep hearing: ‘doo doo doo doo doo.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It became clear that AZT wasn’t effective in the long term. It extended some people’s lives for a period, but it was also highly toxic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People were sick from the cures,” says Meridy, “and brownies were the one thing that helped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the '70s, Sticky Fingers Brownies was all about partying, making art and being subversive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The brownies became something else, when AIDS hit,” Meridy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It became a calling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It helped with depression,” she says. “It helped with the side effects of the drugs. It helped caregivers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan says he would give a sick friend a small piece of a brownie, “and then we'd go out for dinner. It was great for an appetite stimulant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the '90s, Dan left the Village Deli and became a nurse. He eventually helped open the AIDS unit at Mount Zion hospital, “and I ended up using that experience in my nursing because we would let people smoke marijuana out the windows of the hospital. Anything we could do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11810567\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1335px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11810567\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42516_Scan_20200401-10-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1335\" height=\"1060\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42516_Scan_20200401-10-qut.jpg 1335w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42516_Scan_20200401-10-qut-160x127.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42516_Scan_20200401-10-qut-800x635.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS42516_Scan_20200401-10-qut-1020x810.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1335px) 100vw, 1335px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"The Wrapettes,\" preparing the brownies for delivery. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Meridy Volz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Finding a Purpose in Providing Some Relief\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When Alia was 9, her parents divorced. Mother and daughter moved back to San Francisco, and Alia was deemed old enough to help bake, and sometimes she went with her mom on deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the AIDS crisis, there were a lot of home deliveries,” says Meridy. At this point she’d been delivering to Sylvester at his house for a decade. “After a while delivering at Sylvester's, I only dealt with his entourage, when he got really sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s another delivery that's really vivid in my mind,” says Alia. “There was a couple, friends of Sylvester’s, who lived in a beautiful Victorian.” She remembers the man who came to the door being so emaciated she could see every bone in his body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did not know what we were walking into,” says Meridy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alia says, when she entered the couple’s living room, she noticed a photograph on the mantle. “They were on a beach with their arms around each other, sand on their shoulders, and smiling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a bed in the middle of the room. “It took a while for me to register that what I thought was a pile of blankets on the bed was a person,” Alia says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The caregiver was sick and the guy in the bed was on his last leg,” says Meridy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alia says, “His caretaker who was also his partner, who was also dying, woke him up to say, ‘I’ve got those brownies and it’ll make you feel better.’ After that, when I helped my mom bake on the weekends, there was a new reason to do it. Pot brownies weren’t going to save anyone’s life over the long term but it brought them relief, and there wasn’t a lot of relief in those days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"pop_103422","label":"Stepping Up In a Time of Need ","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/06/Ruth-Brinker-1020x574.jpg"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, first lady Nancy Reagan had started the \"Just Say No\" advertising campaign during the war on drugs. Alia sat through assemblies at school and saw PSAs on television. “Remember that egg hitting a frying pan?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy stayed under the radar. She never got caught. But other people involved with getting marijuana to people with AIDS did jail time and took the fight for medical marijuana public. One of those people was Brownie Mary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy remembers her as being kind of conservative. “She kind of looked like the church lady down the block, you know,\" Meridy says. \"You wouldn't look at her and say, ‘Criminal, right there.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around this time, protease inhibitors came on the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They started to have some medicines that seem to be — in some way — helping people live longer with it,” Meridy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next two years, Meridy watched cannabis clubs proliferate throughout San Francisco and realized her brownies just weren’t as necessary as they had been. She left San Francisco and has been making art full time ever since. She’s 72 now, living in Desert Hot Springs, where she paints and teaches art to teenagers and retirees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California today, the adult use of cannabis is legal, but Meridy says she’s totally out of the game, only taking an edible occasionally when she’s at home painting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She doesn’t talk about the old days that much, but since Alia just wrote a book about her mom’s life, Meridy’s starting to have to reveal her San Francisco days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alia says her childhood was unconventional, “But I was nurtured, I was cared for, and I was surrounded by an enormous amount of love.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy had that same kind of love for her friends and her community, Alia says, and that led her to do the risky work of making and selling marijuana brownies to help ease the suffering of people with AIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meridy still finds the AIDS crisis stunning. “I look back at how many beautiful people passed. It was a dangerous time, but in this case, it wasn't a thrill out of danger. It became a sense of, ‘Well, I have a purpose here in this. There's something I could do to help a little, relieve a little pain.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Alia Volz’s memoir, \"\u003ca href=\"https://aliavolz.com/\">Home Baked\u003c/a>: My Mom, Marijuana, and the Stoning of San Francisco,\" comes out on 4/20, 2020.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://californiafoodways.com/\">California Foodways\u003c/a> is supported by \u003ca href=\"https://calhum.org/\">California Humanities\u003c/a>, and the \u003ca href=\"https://thefern.org/\">Food and Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11810441/home-baked-how-pot-brownies-brought-some-relief-during-the-aids-epidemic","authors":["3229"],"programs":["news_72","news_26731"],"series":["news_17045"],"categories":["news_223","news_24114","news_457","news_8"],"tags":["news_1510","news_21534","news_1511","news_102","news_431","news_24663"],"featImg":"news_11810556","label":"news_26731"},"news_11753815":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11753815","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11753815","score":null,"sort":[1560258019000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"medical-pot-laws-are-no-answer-for-us-opioid-deaths-study-finds","title":"Medical Pot Laws Are Not an Antidote to U.S. Opioid Deaths, Study Finds","publishDate":1560258019,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/70a1ce4810f74ba2a31af5f9ade9bd86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new study\u003c/a> shoots down the notion that medical marijuana laws can prevent opioid overdose deaths, challenging a favorite talking point of legal pot advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related stories\" tag=\"medical-marijuana\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers reexamined a 2014 analysis that linked medical marijuana laws to slower than expected increases in state prescription opioid death rates between 1999 to 2010. The original authors speculated patients might be substituting marijuana for painkillers, but they warned against drawing conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the new researchers included data through 2017, by which time many more states had legalized medical marijuana, they found the reverse: Those states actually saw a 23% higher-than-expected rate of deaths involving prescription opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legalizing medical marijuana \"is not going to be a solution to the opioid overdose crisis,\" said Chelsea Shover of Stanford University School of Medicine. \"It would be wonderful if that were true, but the evidence doesn't suggest that it is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shover and colleagues \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/embargoed-pot-study.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">reported the findings\u003c/a> Monday in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. It's unlikely, they said, that medical marijuana laws initially caused one big effect and then the opposite. Any beneficial link was likely coincidental all along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't think it's reasonable to say it was saving lives before, but it's killing people now,\" Shover said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lower rates of opioid deaths were likely due to a combination of other factors in states that first legalized medical marijuana, said Dr. Keith Humphreys, a professor of psychiatry at Stanford University, who helped lead the study. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The states that legalized first tended to be wealthier states,\" he said. \"They're more blue politically, they have more health care, they use naloxone more, they jail people for drug use less. And all these differences could account for why the overdose rates in those states are different.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more, prescription pills once were involved in the largest share of overdose deaths, but that changed as use of heroin, and then fentanyl, surged. The studies on marijuana laws and opioid deaths don't account for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study undermines recent policy changes in some states. Last week, New Mexico joined New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania in approving marijuana for patients with opioid addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authors of the original research welcomed the new analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We weren't happy when a billboard went up saying marijuana laws reduce overdose deaths,\" said Brendan Saloner of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. \"That was very hard for us to rein in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana has been shown to help ease chronic pain, and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/70a1ce4810f74ba2a31af5f9ade9bd86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">other studies\u003c/a> have suggested medical marijuana laws may reduce opioid prescribing. So there's still reason to believe that for some people, marijuana can serve as a substitute for opioids as a pain reliever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for addiction and the overdose crisis, \"we should focus our research and policies on other questions that might make a difference,\" Shover said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Laura Klivans contributed reporting to this article.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Researchers found that any beneficial link between medical marijuana legalization and a decrease in opioid addiction was likely coincidental.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1560276303,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":494},"headData":{"title":"Medical Pot Laws Are Not an Antidote to U.S. Opioid Deaths, Study Finds | KQED","description":"Researchers found that any beneficial link between medical marijuana legalization and a decrease in opioid addiction was likely coincidental.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11753815 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11753815","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/06/11/medical-pot-laws-are-no-answer-for-us-opioid-deaths-study-finds/","disqusTitle":"Medical Pot Laws Are Not an Antidote to U.S. Opioid Deaths, Study Finds","nprByline":"Carla K. Johnson\u003cbr>Associated Press","path":"/news/11753815/medical-pot-laws-are-no-answer-for-us-opioid-deaths-study-finds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/70a1ce4810f74ba2a31af5f9ade9bd86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new study\u003c/a> shoots down the notion that medical marijuana laws can prevent opioid overdose deaths, challenging a favorite talking point of legal pot advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related stories ","tag":"medical-marijuana"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers reexamined a 2014 analysis that linked medical marijuana laws to slower than expected increases in state prescription opioid death rates between 1999 to 2010. The original authors speculated patients might be substituting marijuana for painkillers, but they warned against drawing conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the new researchers included data through 2017, by which time many more states had legalized medical marijuana, they found the reverse: Those states actually saw a 23% higher-than-expected rate of deaths involving prescription opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legalizing medical marijuana \"is not going to be a solution to the opioid overdose crisis,\" said Chelsea Shover of Stanford University School of Medicine. \"It would be wonderful if that were true, but the evidence doesn't suggest that it is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shover and colleagues \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/embargoed-pot-study.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">reported the findings\u003c/a> Monday in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. It's unlikely, they said, that medical marijuana laws initially caused one big effect and then the opposite. Any beneficial link was likely coincidental all along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't think it's reasonable to say it was saving lives before, but it's killing people now,\" Shover said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lower rates of opioid deaths were likely due to a combination of other factors in states that first legalized medical marijuana, said Dr. Keith Humphreys, a professor of psychiatry at Stanford University, who helped lead the study. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The states that legalized first tended to be wealthier states,\" he said. \"They're more blue politically, they have more health care, they use naloxone more, they jail people for drug use less. And all these differences could account for why the overdose rates in those states are different.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more, prescription pills once were involved in the largest share of overdose deaths, but that changed as use of heroin, and then fentanyl, surged. The studies on marijuana laws and opioid deaths don't account for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study undermines recent policy changes in some states. Last week, New Mexico joined New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania in approving marijuana for patients with opioid addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authors of the original research welcomed the new analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We weren't happy when a billboard went up saying marijuana laws reduce overdose deaths,\" said Brendan Saloner of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. \"That was very hard for us to rein in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana has been shown to help ease chronic pain, and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/70a1ce4810f74ba2a31af5f9ade9bd86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">other studies\u003c/a> have suggested medical marijuana laws may reduce opioid prescribing. So there's still reason to believe that for some people, marijuana can serve as a substitute for opioids as a pain reliever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for addiction and the overdose crisis, \"we should focus our research and policies on other questions that might make a difference,\" Shover said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Laura Klivans contributed reporting to this article.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11753815/medical-pot-laws-are-no-answer-for-us-opioid-deaths-study-finds","authors":["byline_news_11753815"],"categories":["news_457","news_8"],"tags":["news_18584","news_431","news_25617","news_22774"],"featImg":"news_11728828","label":"news"},"news_11719852":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11719852","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11719852","score":null,"sort":[1548123909000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dispute-over-rules-riles-californias-legal-pot-market","title":"Dispute Over Rules Riles California's Legal Pot Market","publishDate":1548123909,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California has finalized its rules governing the nation's largest legal marijuana market, a milestone coming more than a year after the state broadly legalized cannabis sales for adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a dispute over home deliveries into communities that ban pot sales could end up in court. The hundreds of pages of dense regulations are unlikely to resolve other disputes, including how purity and potency tests are conducted for infused cookies and other products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if imperfect, the rules were welcomed by many in the industry, who have been contending with shifting temporary regulations since California kicked off broad legal sales last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715305/californias-year-of-legal-pot-a-mix-of-gains-growing-pains\">California's Year of Legal Pot a Mix of Gains, Growing Pains\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715305/californias-year-of-legal-pot-a-mix-of-gains-growing-pains\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS21423_161007_greendoor_bhs07-qut-1180x774.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Love it or hate it, California has regulations for commercial cannabis,\" said Hezekiah Allen, chair of cannabis growing cooperative Emerald Grown and former executive director of the California Growers Association, an industry group. \"There are no asterisks.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the regulations that deal with the minutia of running a legal pot business do not address other broad challenges in the industry, from a lack of banking access for pot companies that will likely need to be resolved in Washington to what to do about a thriving illicit market that is undercutting legal sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Do these solve every problem that exists in the cannabis business regulatory regime? Absolutely not,\" said Assemblyman Rob Bonta, a Democrat from Oakland who said the rules nonetheless create a strong foundation for a market that has gotten off to a shaky start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By far the biggest dispute focused on deliveries. The rules released last week will allow home marijuana deliveries statewide, even into communities that have banned commercial pot sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation by the state Bureau of Cannabis Control was opposed by police chiefs and other critics who predict it will create an unruly market of largely hidden pot transactions, while undercutting control by cities and counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The League of California Cities said the rule conflicts with Proposition 64, the law approved by voters in 2016 that opened the way for broad legal sales, which says local governments have the authority to ban nonmedical pot businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This decision puts the public safety needs of communities across the state at risk,\" league executive director Carolyn Coleman said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many cannabis companies and consumers had pushed for the change, since vast stretches of the state have communities that banned commercial pot activity or not set up rules to allow legal sales. That means residents in those areas were effectively cut off from legal marijuana purchases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The public spoke loud and clear in favor of statewide delivery,\" cannabis bureau spokesman Alex Traverso said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta said he supports statewide deliveries for medical patients, regardless of local bans, but not recreational users. He suggested legislation may be needed to deal with the dispute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenny Morrison, president of the California Cannabis Manufacturers Association, said California failed to examine the experience in other states, which in turn has created costly problems for California companies with labeling and testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry officials have complained that the state rules force growers and manufacturers to hit too tiny a target when gauging levels of THC, the psychoactive chemical that causes marijuana's high, in products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rules require the THC concentration come within 10 percent of what is advertised on a product label. Company executives say some products are being rejected after landing outside the margin by small amounts, and that hitting that required range is even more difficult with low-dose products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado allows a more sensible 15-percent range, Morrison said. He said the state also should be mirroring rules set by the federal government, which could eventually oversee the national pot market. Marijuana remains illegal at the federal level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nobody cares more about the quality of the product than the manufacturer,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruben Honig, executive director of Los Angeles-based United Cannabis Business Association, said the state's biggest challenges remain cutting hefty tax rates that can approach 50 percent in some communities and cracking down on widespread illegal sales.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A dispute in California over home deliveries of cannabis into communities that ban pot sales could end up in court.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1548123920,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":676},"headData":{"title":"Dispute Over Rules Riles California's Legal Pot Market | KQED","description":"A dispute in California over home deliveries of cannabis into communities that ban pot sales could end up in court.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11719852 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11719852","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/01/21/dispute-over-rules-riles-californias-legal-pot-market/","disqusTitle":"Dispute Over Rules Riles California's Legal Pot Market","source":"Associated Press","nprByline":"Michael R. Blood\u003cbr>Associated Press","path":"/news/11719852/dispute-over-rules-riles-californias-legal-pot-market","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California has finalized its rules governing the nation's largest legal marijuana market, a milestone coming more than a year after the state broadly legalized cannabis sales for adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a dispute over home deliveries into communities that ban pot sales could end up in court. The hundreds of pages of dense regulations are unlikely to resolve other disputes, including how purity and potency tests are conducted for infused cookies and other products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if imperfect, the rules were welcomed by many in the industry, who have been contending with shifting temporary regulations since California kicked off broad legal sales last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715305/californias-year-of-legal-pot-a-mix-of-gains-growing-pains\">California's Year of Legal Pot a Mix of Gains, Growing Pains\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715305/californias-year-of-legal-pot-a-mix-of-gains-growing-pains\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS21423_161007_greendoor_bhs07-qut-1180x774.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Love it or hate it, California has regulations for commercial cannabis,\" said Hezekiah Allen, chair of cannabis growing cooperative Emerald Grown and former executive director of the California Growers Association, an industry group. \"There are no asterisks.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the regulations that deal with the minutia of running a legal pot business do not address other broad challenges in the industry, from a lack of banking access for pot companies that will likely need to be resolved in Washington to what to do about a thriving illicit market that is undercutting legal sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Do these solve every problem that exists in the cannabis business regulatory regime? Absolutely not,\" said Assemblyman Rob Bonta, a Democrat from Oakland who said the rules nonetheless create a strong foundation for a market that has gotten off to a shaky start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By far the biggest dispute focused on deliveries. The rules released last week will allow home marijuana deliveries statewide, even into communities that have banned commercial pot sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation by the state Bureau of Cannabis Control was opposed by police chiefs and other critics who predict it will create an unruly market of largely hidden pot transactions, while undercutting control by cities and counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The League of California Cities said the rule conflicts with Proposition 64, the law approved by voters in 2016 that opened the way for broad legal sales, which says local governments have the authority to ban nonmedical pot businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This decision puts the public safety needs of communities across the state at risk,\" league executive director Carolyn Coleman said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many cannabis companies and consumers had pushed for the change, since vast stretches of the state have communities that banned commercial pot activity or not set up rules to allow legal sales. That means residents in those areas were effectively cut off from legal marijuana purchases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The public spoke loud and clear in favor of statewide delivery,\" cannabis bureau spokesman Alex Traverso said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta said he supports statewide deliveries for medical patients, regardless of local bans, but not recreational users. He suggested legislation may be needed to deal with the dispute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenny Morrison, president of the California Cannabis Manufacturers Association, said California failed to examine the experience in other states, which in turn has created costly problems for California companies with labeling and testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry officials have complained that the state rules force growers and manufacturers to hit too tiny a target when gauging levels of THC, the psychoactive chemical that causes marijuana's high, in products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rules require the THC concentration come within 10 percent of what is advertised on a product label. Company executives say some products are being rejected after landing outside the margin by small amounts, and that hitting that required range is even more difficult with low-dose products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado allows a more sensible 15-percent range, Morrison said. He said the state also should be mirroring rules set by the federal government, which could eventually oversee the national pot market. Marijuana remains illegal at the federal level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nobody cares more about the quality of the product than the manufacturer,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruben Honig, executive director of Los Angeles-based United Cannabis Business Association, said the state's biggest challenges remain cutting hefty tax rates that can approach 50 percent in some communities and cracking down on widespread illegal sales.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11719852/dispute-over-rules-riles-californias-legal-pot-market","authors":["byline_news_11719852"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_19963","news_22096","news_21926","news_102","news_18584","news_431","news_22282","news_24859"],"featImg":"news_11719855","label":"source_news_11719852"},"news_11684893":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11684893","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11684893","score":null,"sort":[1533415690000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-pot-breathalyzer-is-here-maybe","title":"The Pot Breathalyzer is Here. Maybe","publishDate":1533415690,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>As legalization of recreational and medical marijuana continues to expand, police across the country are more concerned than ever about stoned drivers taking to the nation's roads and freeways, endangering lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With few accurate roadside tools to detect pot impairment, police today have to rely largely on field sobriety tests developed to fight drunk driving or old-fashioned observation, which can be foiled with Visine or breath mints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has left police, courts, public health advocates and recreational marijuana users themselves frustrated. Nine states and the District of Columbia \u003ca href=\"https://marijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=006868\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">have legalized recreational marijuana\u003c/a> and 30 states and D.C. have legalized medical pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now one California company claims it has made a major breakthrough in creating what some thought of as a unicorn: a marijuana breathalyzer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are trying to make the establishment of impairment around marijuana rational and to balance fairness and safety,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://houndlabs.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hound Labs\u003c/a> CEO Mike Lynn in his downtown Oakland, Calif., office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a freshly pressed dress shirt and short hair, it's clear Lynn is no stoner inventor with a pipe dream. The former venture capitalist is a practicing emergency room trauma physician in Oakland and an active SWAT team deputy reserve sheriff for Alameda County, Calif. He knows first hand the devastating effects drugged and drunk driving can have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He picks up a small plastic box. \"This is a disposable cartridge. And there's a whole bunch of science in this cartridge,\" Lynn says as he slips it into the device about the size of a large mobile phone. A small plastic tube sticks out of one end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He starts to blow into the tube for the required thirty seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indicator bars start to show whether the machine detects any THC in his breath. THC is the psychoactive component in pot that gets you high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hound Labs says its device can accurately detect whether a person has smoked pot in the last two hours, a window many consider the peak impairment time frame. \"When you find THC in breath, you can be pretty darn sure that somebody smoked pot in the last couple of hours,\" Lynn says. \"And we don't want to have people driving during that time period or, frankly, at a work site in a construction zone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynn then slides the cartridge into a small base station the size of a laptop, used to protect against cold or hot extremes. The breathalyzer needs a consistent temperature to have consistent results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device also doubles as an alcohol breathalyzer, giving police an easy-to-use roadside for both intoxicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11684894\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 666px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/houndlabs-1-4153f354b21a43c581c3060e93eee35a8ddeb7cd.jpg\" alt=\"Hound Labs' breathalyzer and base station.\" width=\"666\" height=\"499\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11684894\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/houndlabs-1-4153f354b21a43c581c3060e93eee35a8ddeb7cd.jpg 666w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/houndlabs-1-4153f354b21a43c581c3060e93eee35a8ddeb7cd-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/houndlabs-1-4153f354b21a43c581c3060e93eee35a8ddeb7cd-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/houndlabs-1-4153f354b21a43c581c3060e93eee35a8ddeb7cd-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/houndlabs-1-4153f354b21a43c581c3060e93eee35a8ddeb7cd-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 666px) 100vw, 666px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hound Labs' breathalyzer and base station. \u003ccite>(Hound Labs)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About four minutes later, the results are in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Negative. No THC or alcohol in Lynn's system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For law enforcement, Lynn says, \"really the key is objective data at the roadside, just like we have for alcohol.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tools now on the market to determine marijuana test blood, saliva or urine can take days for a result. More importantly, they can't really tell whether a person has smoked a half hour ago or eight days ago. THC dissolves in fat so it can stay in your body up to a month after use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lynn claims the company has overcome the technical and scientific hurdles and can accurately measure THC in breath molecules in parts per trillion. That's \"kind of like putting together more than a dozen Olympic size swimming pools and saying, 'Hey, go find those 10 specific drops of water and in those 10 pools put together.' It is it is ridiculous how little [THC] there is\" in breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcohol impairment is measured in parts per thousand. \"THC is something like a billion times less concentrated than alcohol. That's why it hasn't been done before because it's really hard. It's taken us five years to overcome those scientific obstacles.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machine detects THC's mere presence in the breath, but it cannot calculate the amount of THC consumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police are trying to figure out who is potentially impaired, Lynn says, compared to \"somebody who smoked maybe yesterday or a few days ago and is not impaired. They're not in the business of arresting people that are not impaired when it comes to marijuana. That makes no sense at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few police departments plan to start testing Hound Labs' breathalyzer this fall. \"They're interested in it providing objective data for them at the roadside,\" says Lynn. \"That's really the key, objective data at the roadside — just like we have for alcohol.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What constitutes impairment?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There's still no agreement on what amount or level of THC in breath, blood or saliva constitutes functional impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/transportation/drugged-driving-overview.aspx\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">only seven states\u003c/a>, including Washington and Montana, have set legal guidelines as to how much THC in the system makes you dangerous behind the wheel. Yet some \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/07/30/523004450/scientists-still-seek-a-reliable-dui-test-for-marijuana\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">scientists are skeptical\u003c/a>, saying those limits aren't really backed by hard science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the rest of the country, courts, police and scientists haven't been able to agree on which THC level constitutes functional impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies on marijuana and driving, post-legalization, have been mixed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nhtsa.gov/risky-driving/drug-impaired-driving\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">One survey by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration\u003c/a> showed that, while marijuana users are more likely to be involved in crashes, that risk may be in part because of demographics. Pot users are also more likely to be young men, a group already at high risk for car wrecks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drugged driving incidents have risen steadily over the last decade plus, paralleling the nation's opioid abuse crisis and decriminalization of pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11684896\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Christine Glenn sorts marijuana at the Blum marijuana dispensary in Las Vegas.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11684896\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christine Glenn sorts marijuana at the Blum marijuana dispensary in Las Vegas. \u003ccite>(John Locher/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Governor's Highway Safety Association\u003ca href=\"https://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF17/20180711/108525/HHRG-115-IF17-20180711-SD003.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"> raised the alarm in a recent report\u003c/a> saying State Highway Safety Officers now rate drug-impaired driving \"equal to or more important than driving while impaired by alcohol.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Colorado, one analysis of highway safety after pot legalization showed that the number of drivers involved in fatal crashes \u003ca href=\"https://www.denverpost.com/2017/08/25/colorado-marijuana-traffic-fatalities/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">who tested positive for marijuana is up significantly.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in Washington state, where recreational pot is legal, a \u003ca href=\"http://wtsc.wa.gov/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2018/04/Marijuana-and-Alcohol-Involvement-in-Fatal-Crashes-in-WA_FINAL.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">study from April of this year\u003c/a> showed that of drivers in fatal crashes who were tested for intoxicants — 61 percent were positive for alcohol and or drugs in their system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research by the Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention at Columbia University showed that \u003ca href=\"https://www.mailman.columbia.edu/public-health-now/news/young-fatal-crash-victims-used-either-alcohol-or-marijuana\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">half of young drivers, age 16 to 25, who died in car crashes\u003c/a> were under the influence of alcohol, marijuana or both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to what extent and how long marijuana affects driving response, judgment and skill is not yet fully known. And what role, if any, THC played in those car crashes is unclear. \"We need more research to establish the dose-response relationship between THC level and crash risk,\" says epidemiologist Guohua Li, who directs the Columbia center and conducted that study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Li, who calls drugged driving \"a silent epidemic,\" says that additional research is vital because \"there's a widespread misconception that it's OK and is safe to drive after smoking pot. And the public — especially teenage drivers — are not well aware of some of the hazards of drugs such as marijuana on driving.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.cmcr.ucsd.edu/index.php/2015-11-20-20-52-15/active-studies/62-ab266\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">major study underway\u003c/a> on driving impairment at University of California San Diego's Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research is scheduled to wrap up next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are not only looking at how impaired a driver is at different levels of smoking, but also how long that impairment lasts,\" the study's lead author, Thomas Marcotte, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927766/state-funded-marijuana-study-could-lead-to-better-policing-on-roads\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">recently told Member Station KQED.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other groups, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, Colo., are working on creating standards for a marijuana DUI detection test.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Police eager for help\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Police in a handful of cities, including Boston, are set to partner with Hound Labs to start field testing their weed breathalyzer this fall. The company hopes to have a product ready to sell to law enforcement and industry by early next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's going to be a major issue in our city as more and more motorists drive after the legalization of recreational pot,\" Boston's Police Commissioner, William Evans, told NPR in an email. He says the department would soon test Hound Labs' breathalyzer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans, who retires this week, added, \"I opposed the legalization, now we need tools to combat its ill effects. These instruments by Hound Labs and others are going to become necessary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while police departments are optimistic, they're taking a wait and see approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'd like to get to point where there's a little more courtroom acceptance and a little more acceptance in the scientific community,\" says Kevin Davis, assistant chief of the California Highway Patrol Enforcement and Planning Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis says while these breathalyzer devices hold promise, his agency's questions about courtroom admissibility and liability will, for now, keep the CHP on the sidelines of beta testing such devices. \"We're obviously very excited about the prospect of having a tool like that in our officers' hands,\" Davis says, \"assuming we can identify the best ways of when and how it should be used, and how it will be admitted in court, and things of that nature.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, he says, the CHP will rely mostly on roadside sobriety tests by officers to make an initial determination on impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis says the CHP plans to train up more officers to detect drugged drivers under its Advanced Roadside Impaired Driving Enforcement \u003ca href=\"https://www.chp.ca.gov/programs-services/for-law-enforcement/drug-recognition-evaluator-program/schedule-of-classes/aride\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">program\u003c/a>. It's a 16-hour classroom course followed by field work to learn how to conduct cognitive tests and detect physical signs of impairment by marijuana or other drugs. The agency also offers a more in-depth Drug Recognition Expert \u003ca href=\"https://www.chp.ca.gov/programs-services/for-law-enforcement/drug-recognition-evaluator-program/schedule-of-classes/dre\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">(DRE) course\u003c/a> to train officers on how to detect and deter drugged driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Breathalyzer race\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A few other companies are developing a pot breathalyzer, including the Canadian-based firm \u003ca href=\"http://www.cannabixtechnologies.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Cannabix Technologies.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of these guys is going to do it,\" says David Downs, the California Bureau Chief for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.leafly.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">cannabis news site, \u003c/a>\u003cem>Leafly\u003c/em>, and an industry expert. \"It's just a question of who and how adaptable it is for the side of the road, in the middle of the night, in a blizzard. And a lot of these other conditions that police officers face.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downs says Hound Labs may be in the lead and \"stands a good shot at in terms of their technology being able to positively detect active THC in the breath within an impairment window. It's a big thumbs up or thumbs down signal police can use and a real big evolution over things like \u003ca href=\"https://www.draeger.com/en_aunz/Applications/Products/Breath-Alcohol-and-Drug-Testing/Drug-Testing-Devices/DrugTest-5000\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the Drager 5000\u003c/a>, which are these active THC oral swabs that can have more variance and more false positives,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downs, who's been on the cannabis beat for nearly a decade and published several books on the topic, says drugged-driving laws clearly haven't kept pace with the cannabis revolution. Many in the industry, as well as consumers, would like to see more states where pot is legal settle on a science-based cut-off limit for THC level impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That would eliminate a major roadblock to further acceptance and normalization and sort of mainstreaming of cannabis as a consumer product. By far the biggest criticisms that's raised as these reform efforts advance, is the issue around driving,\" says Downs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could also help stem the unequal application of the law when it comes to cannabis-impaired driving and states with 'per se' standards and ones that have no such standards. \"We could be putting behind bars people who are safe and we could be letting go people who are a real danger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Downs' advice to recreational pot users out on the town: \"Just take a Lyft or an Uber, you know. Now more than ever, you don't really need to drive.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Pot+Breathalyzer+Is+Here.+Maybe&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As marijuana legalization spreads, police are asking for better tools to detect drugged drivers. Some police are now working with researchers to try to bring a THC breathalyzer to market.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1533415690,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":53,"wordCount":1995},"headData":{"title":"The Pot Breathalyzer is Here. Maybe | KQED","description":"As marijuana legalization spreads, police are asking for better tools to detect drugged drivers. Some police are now working with researchers to try to bring a THC breathalyzer to market.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11684893 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11684893","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/08/04/the-pot-breathalyzer-is-here-maybe/","disqusTitle":"The Pot Breathalyzer is Here. Maybe","source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org/","nprByline":"Eric Westervelt","nprImageAgency":"Hound Labs","nprStoryId":"634992695","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=634992695&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/04/634992695/the-pot-breathalyzer-is-here-maybe?ft=nprml&f=634992695","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Sat, 04 Aug 2018 12:00:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Sat, 04 Aug 2018 08:02:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Sat, 04 Aug 2018 12:00:52 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesat/2018/08/20180804_wesat_the_pot_breathalyzer_is_here_maybe.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=257&p=7&story=634992695&ft=nprml&f=634992695","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1635583236-3fb802.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=257&p=7&story=634992695&ft=nprml&f=634992695","audioTrackLength":257,"path":"/news/11684893/the-pot-breathalyzer-is-here-maybe","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesat/2018/08/20180804_wesat_the_pot_breathalyzer_is_here_maybe.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=257&p=7&story=634992695&ft=nprml&f=634992695","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As legalization of recreational and medical marijuana continues to expand, police across the country are more concerned than ever about stoned drivers taking to the nation's roads and freeways, endangering lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With few accurate roadside tools to detect pot impairment, police today have to rely largely on field sobriety tests developed to fight drunk driving or old-fashioned observation, which can be foiled with Visine or breath mints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has left police, courts, public health advocates and recreational marijuana users themselves frustrated. Nine states and the District of Columbia \u003ca href=\"https://marijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=006868\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">have legalized recreational marijuana\u003c/a> and 30 states and D.C. have legalized medical pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now one California company claims it has made a major breakthrough in creating what some thought of as a unicorn: a marijuana breathalyzer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are trying to make the establishment of impairment around marijuana rational and to balance fairness and safety,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://houndlabs.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hound Labs\u003c/a> CEO Mike Lynn in his downtown Oakland, Calif., office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a freshly pressed dress shirt and short hair, it's clear Lynn is no stoner inventor with a pipe dream. The former venture capitalist is a practicing emergency room trauma physician in Oakland and an active SWAT team deputy reserve sheriff for Alameda County, Calif. He knows first hand the devastating effects drugged and drunk driving can have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He picks up a small plastic box. \"This is a disposable cartridge. And there's a whole bunch of science in this cartridge,\" Lynn says as he slips it into the device about the size of a large mobile phone. A small plastic tube sticks out of one end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He starts to blow into the tube for the required thirty seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indicator bars start to show whether the machine detects any THC in his breath. THC is the psychoactive component in pot that gets you high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hound Labs says its device can accurately detect whether a person has smoked pot in the last two hours, a window many consider the peak impairment time frame. \"When you find THC in breath, you can be pretty darn sure that somebody smoked pot in the last couple of hours,\" Lynn says. \"And we don't want to have people driving during that time period or, frankly, at a work site in a construction zone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynn then slides the cartridge into a small base station the size of a laptop, used to protect against cold or hot extremes. The breathalyzer needs a consistent temperature to have consistent results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device also doubles as an alcohol breathalyzer, giving police an easy-to-use roadside for both intoxicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11684894\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 666px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/houndlabs-1-4153f354b21a43c581c3060e93eee35a8ddeb7cd.jpg\" alt=\"Hound Labs' breathalyzer and base station.\" width=\"666\" height=\"499\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11684894\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/houndlabs-1-4153f354b21a43c581c3060e93eee35a8ddeb7cd.jpg 666w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/houndlabs-1-4153f354b21a43c581c3060e93eee35a8ddeb7cd-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/houndlabs-1-4153f354b21a43c581c3060e93eee35a8ddeb7cd-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/houndlabs-1-4153f354b21a43c581c3060e93eee35a8ddeb7cd-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/houndlabs-1-4153f354b21a43c581c3060e93eee35a8ddeb7cd-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 666px) 100vw, 666px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hound Labs' breathalyzer and base station. \u003ccite>(Hound Labs)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About four minutes later, the results are in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Negative. No THC or alcohol in Lynn's system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For law enforcement, Lynn says, \"really the key is objective data at the roadside, just like we have for alcohol.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tools now on the market to determine marijuana test blood, saliva or urine can take days for a result. More importantly, they can't really tell whether a person has smoked a half hour ago or eight days ago. THC dissolves in fat so it can stay in your body up to a month after use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lynn claims the company has overcome the technical and scientific hurdles and can accurately measure THC in breath molecules in parts per trillion. That's \"kind of like putting together more than a dozen Olympic size swimming pools and saying, 'Hey, go find those 10 specific drops of water and in those 10 pools put together.' It is it is ridiculous how little [THC] there is\" in breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcohol impairment is measured in parts per thousand. \"THC is something like a billion times less concentrated than alcohol. That's why it hasn't been done before because it's really hard. It's taken us five years to overcome those scientific obstacles.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machine detects THC's mere presence in the breath, but it cannot calculate the amount of THC consumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police are trying to figure out who is potentially impaired, Lynn says, compared to \"somebody who smoked maybe yesterday or a few days ago and is not impaired. They're not in the business of arresting people that are not impaired when it comes to marijuana. That makes no sense at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few police departments plan to start testing Hound Labs' breathalyzer this fall. \"They're interested in it providing objective data for them at the roadside,\" says Lynn. \"That's really the key, objective data at the roadside — just like we have for alcohol.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What constitutes impairment?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There's still no agreement on what amount or level of THC in breath, blood or saliva constitutes functional impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/transportation/drugged-driving-overview.aspx\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">only seven states\u003c/a>, including Washington and Montana, have set legal guidelines as to how much THC in the system makes you dangerous behind the wheel. Yet some \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/07/30/523004450/scientists-still-seek-a-reliable-dui-test-for-marijuana\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">scientists are skeptical\u003c/a>, saying those limits aren't really backed by hard science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the rest of the country, courts, police and scientists haven't been able to agree on which THC level constitutes functional impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies on marijuana and driving, post-legalization, have been mixed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nhtsa.gov/risky-driving/drug-impaired-driving\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">One survey by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration\u003c/a> showed that, while marijuana users are more likely to be involved in crashes, that risk may be in part because of demographics. Pot users are also more likely to be young men, a group already at high risk for car wrecks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drugged driving incidents have risen steadily over the last decade plus, paralleling the nation's opioid abuse crisis and decriminalization of pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11684896\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Christine Glenn sorts marijuana at the Blum marijuana dispensary in Las Vegas.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11684896\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/eric-breathalyzer-story-002-c6a52ea8c3876173b47c747ec9c23fd15e6a081b-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christine Glenn sorts marijuana at the Blum marijuana dispensary in Las Vegas. \u003ccite>(John Locher/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Governor's Highway Safety Association\u003ca href=\"https://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF17/20180711/108525/HHRG-115-IF17-20180711-SD003.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"> raised the alarm in a recent report\u003c/a> saying State Highway Safety Officers now rate drug-impaired driving \"equal to or more important than driving while impaired by alcohol.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Colorado, one analysis of highway safety after pot legalization showed that the number of drivers involved in fatal crashes \u003ca href=\"https://www.denverpost.com/2017/08/25/colorado-marijuana-traffic-fatalities/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">who tested positive for marijuana is up significantly.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in Washington state, where recreational pot is legal, a \u003ca href=\"http://wtsc.wa.gov/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2018/04/Marijuana-and-Alcohol-Involvement-in-Fatal-Crashes-in-WA_FINAL.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">study from April of this year\u003c/a> showed that of drivers in fatal crashes who were tested for intoxicants — 61 percent were positive for alcohol and or drugs in their system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research by the Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention at Columbia University showed that \u003ca href=\"https://www.mailman.columbia.edu/public-health-now/news/young-fatal-crash-victims-used-either-alcohol-or-marijuana\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">half of young drivers, age 16 to 25, who died in car crashes\u003c/a> were under the influence of alcohol, marijuana or both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to what extent and how long marijuana affects driving response, judgment and skill is not yet fully known. And what role, if any, THC played in those car crashes is unclear. \"We need more research to establish the dose-response relationship between THC level and crash risk,\" says epidemiologist Guohua Li, who directs the Columbia center and conducted that study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Li, who calls drugged driving \"a silent epidemic,\" says that additional research is vital because \"there's a widespread misconception that it's OK and is safe to drive after smoking pot. And the public — especially teenage drivers — are not well aware of some of the hazards of drugs such as marijuana on driving.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.cmcr.ucsd.edu/index.php/2015-11-20-20-52-15/active-studies/62-ab266\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">major study underway\u003c/a> on driving impairment at University of California San Diego's Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research is scheduled to wrap up next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are not only looking at how impaired a driver is at different levels of smoking, but also how long that impairment lasts,\" the study's lead author, Thomas Marcotte, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927766/state-funded-marijuana-study-could-lead-to-better-policing-on-roads\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">recently told Member Station KQED.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other groups, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, Colo., are working on creating standards for a marijuana DUI detection test.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Police eager for help\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Police in a handful of cities, including Boston, are set to partner with Hound Labs to start field testing their weed breathalyzer this fall. The company hopes to have a product ready to sell to law enforcement and industry by early next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's going to be a major issue in our city as more and more motorists drive after the legalization of recreational pot,\" Boston's Police Commissioner, William Evans, told NPR in an email. He says the department would soon test Hound Labs' breathalyzer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans, who retires this week, added, \"I opposed the legalization, now we need tools to combat its ill effects. These instruments by Hound Labs and others are going to become necessary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while police departments are optimistic, they're taking a wait and see approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'd like to get to point where there's a little more courtroom acceptance and a little more acceptance in the scientific community,\" says Kevin Davis, assistant chief of the California Highway Patrol Enforcement and Planning Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis says while these breathalyzer devices hold promise, his agency's questions about courtroom admissibility and liability will, for now, keep the CHP on the sidelines of beta testing such devices. \"We're obviously very excited about the prospect of having a tool like that in our officers' hands,\" Davis says, \"assuming we can identify the best ways of when and how it should be used, and how it will be admitted in court, and things of that nature.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, he says, the CHP will rely mostly on roadside sobriety tests by officers to make an initial determination on impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis says the CHP plans to train up more officers to detect drugged drivers under its Advanced Roadside Impaired Driving Enforcement \u003ca href=\"https://www.chp.ca.gov/programs-services/for-law-enforcement/drug-recognition-evaluator-program/schedule-of-classes/aride\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">program\u003c/a>. It's a 16-hour classroom course followed by field work to learn how to conduct cognitive tests and detect physical signs of impairment by marijuana or other drugs. The agency also offers a more in-depth Drug Recognition Expert \u003ca href=\"https://www.chp.ca.gov/programs-services/for-law-enforcement/drug-recognition-evaluator-program/schedule-of-classes/dre\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">(DRE) course\u003c/a> to train officers on how to detect and deter drugged driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Breathalyzer race\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A few other companies are developing a pot breathalyzer, including the Canadian-based firm \u003ca href=\"http://www.cannabixtechnologies.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Cannabix Technologies.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of these guys is going to do it,\" says David Downs, the California Bureau Chief for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.leafly.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">cannabis news site, \u003c/a>\u003cem>Leafly\u003c/em>, and an industry expert. \"It's just a question of who and how adaptable it is for the side of the road, in the middle of the night, in a blizzard. And a lot of these other conditions that police officers face.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downs says Hound Labs may be in the lead and \"stands a good shot at in terms of their technology being able to positively detect active THC in the breath within an impairment window. It's a big thumbs up or thumbs down signal police can use and a real big evolution over things like \u003ca href=\"https://www.draeger.com/en_aunz/Applications/Products/Breath-Alcohol-and-Drug-Testing/Drug-Testing-Devices/DrugTest-5000\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the Drager 5000\u003c/a>, which are these active THC oral swabs that can have more variance and more false positives,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downs, who's been on the cannabis beat for nearly a decade and published several books on the topic, says drugged-driving laws clearly haven't kept pace with the cannabis revolution. Many in the industry, as well as consumers, would like to see more states where pot is legal settle on a science-based cut-off limit for THC level impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That would eliminate a major roadblock to further acceptance and normalization and sort of mainstreaming of cannabis as a consumer product. By far the biggest criticisms that's raised as these reform efforts advance, is the issue around driving,\" says Downs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could also help stem the unequal application of the law when it comes to cannabis-impaired driving and states with 'per se' standards and ones that have no such standards. \"We could be putting behind bars people who are safe and we could be letting go people who are a real danger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Downs' advice to recreational pot users out on the town: \"Just take a Lyft or an Uber, you know. Now more than ever, you don't really need to drive.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Pot+Breathalyzer+Is+Here.+Maybe&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11684893/the-pot-breathalyzer-is-here-maybe","authors":["byline_news_11684893"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_102","news_431","news_22282","news_20089"],"featImg":"news_11684895","label":"source_news_11684893"},"news_11664390":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11664390","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11664390","score":null,"sort":[1524657616000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"time-to-end-the-medical-marijuana-drug-test-oakland-lawmaker-pushes-for-new-state-law","title":"Oakland Assemblyman's Bill Would Provide Workplace Protections for Medical Cannabis Users","publishDate":1524657616,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>With marijuana now legal for anyone over age 21 in California, a question still lingers over the workplace: Could employees still lose their job if they test positive on a drug test — even if they aren’t intoxicated at work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Assemblyman Rob Bonta (D-Oakland) is seeking a change in the law on behalf of medical marijuana patients, a population he argues is no different from any other patient with a medical condition. He’s proposed a bill that would make it illegal to fire someone or deny employment based on a drug test that turns up positive for medical marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta says he’s tired of people losing their jobs for taking a medication with fewer negative side effects than opiates, and he’s come to view medical marijuana as a civil rights issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California patients who use medical cannabis are being discriminated against in the workplace. They shouldn’t be. This bill would end that discrimination,” Bonta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Assembly Bill 2069, companies could still fire an employee for testing positive if they don’t hold a medical card, or if they show up impaired at work. If a medical patient did test positive, the employer would need to treat the matter as any other medical condition, and make a reasonable accommodation to help the employee continue working. Federal employees would be exempt from the bill’s protections, as would federal contractors who must adhere to the Drug-Free Workplace Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11638056/everything-you-want-to-know-about-legal-weed-in-california-2\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 64,\u003c/a>, the ballot initiative that legalized medical marijuana in 2016, made it legal for employers to fire an employee who tests positive for recreational marijuana. AB 2069 would apply to medical cannabis patients only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony Trenton is president of the Sacramento franchise RCpoint Labs, a national drug testing service. The problem with Bonta’s bill, he says, is that when it comes to cannabis, it’s hard to determine when the drug stops affecting the user. In terms of productivity, Trenton argues that a marijuana hangover can be detrimental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s overall hurting your business if you aren’t testing for marijuana,” Trenton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11664472\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_5901-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"James Relles poses in the showroom of Relles Florist, a 71-year-old family-owned flower shop in Sacramento. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11664472\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Relles poses in the showroom of Relles Florist, a 71-year-old family-owned flower shop in Sacramento. \u003ccite>(Allen Young/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While some studies have drawn links between cannabis use and negative effects for the workplace such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-work-pot/for-optimal-work-commitment-skip-the-pot-idUSTRE81M1Y020120223\" target=\"_blank\">decreased motivation\u003c/a>, another issue is that, as pointed out by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrpa.ca/Documents/Public/HRPA-Clearing-The-Haze.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Human Resources Professionals Association\u003c/a>, cannabis affects people differently, and urine sample testing cannot reliably determine impairment. [contextly_sidebar id=\"427ug55Z823UMHPHQwbk93DDDahKL1Z8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Relles is the owner of Relles Florist in Sacramento, a family-owned flower shop that recently celebrated 71 years in business. Relles does not currently drug test his employees, but he plans to start since cannabis is now legal in California. He’s worried, though, that this bill could make it more difficult to prove whether marijuana had a role in a workplace accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s just another headache for small business,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Medical cannabis users should be afforded civil rights protections, says Assemblyman Rob Bonta (D-Oakland). ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1524681541,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":516},"headData":{"title":"Oakland Assemblyman's Bill Would Provide Workplace Protections for Medical Cannabis Users | KQED","description":"Medical cannabis users should be afforded civil rights protections, says Assemblyman Rob Bonta (D-Oakland). ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11664390 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11664390","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/04/25/time-to-end-the-medical-marijuana-drug-test-oakland-lawmaker-pushes-for-new-state-law/","disqusTitle":"Oakland Assemblyman's Bill Would Provide Workplace Protections for Medical Cannabis Users","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2018/04/CannabisTestingYoung.mp3","nprByline":"Allen Young","path":"/news/11664390/time-to-end-the-medical-marijuana-drug-test-oakland-lawmaker-pushes-for-new-state-law","audioDuration":122000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With marijuana now legal for anyone over age 21 in California, a question still lingers over the workplace: Could employees still lose their job if they test positive on a drug test — even if they aren’t intoxicated at work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Assemblyman Rob Bonta (D-Oakland) is seeking a change in the law on behalf of medical marijuana patients, a population he argues is no different from any other patient with a medical condition. He’s proposed a bill that would make it illegal to fire someone or deny employment based on a drug test that turns up positive for medical marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta says he’s tired of people losing their jobs for taking a medication with fewer negative side effects than opiates, and he’s come to view medical marijuana as a civil rights issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California patients who use medical cannabis are being discriminated against in the workplace. They shouldn’t be. This bill would end that discrimination,” Bonta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Assembly Bill 2069, companies could still fire an employee for testing positive if they don’t hold a medical card, or if they show up impaired at work. If a medical patient did test positive, the employer would need to treat the matter as any other medical condition, and make a reasonable accommodation to help the employee continue working. Federal employees would be exempt from the bill’s protections, as would federal contractors who must adhere to the Drug-Free Workplace Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11638056/everything-you-want-to-know-about-legal-weed-in-california-2\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 64,\u003c/a>, the ballot initiative that legalized medical marijuana in 2016, made it legal for employers to fire an employee who tests positive for recreational marijuana. AB 2069 would apply to medical cannabis patients only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony Trenton is president of the Sacramento franchise RCpoint Labs, a national drug testing service. The problem with Bonta’s bill, he says, is that when it comes to cannabis, it’s hard to determine when the drug stops affecting the user. In terms of productivity, Trenton argues that a marijuana hangover can be detrimental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s overall hurting your business if you aren’t testing for marijuana,” Trenton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11664472\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/IMG_5901-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"James Relles poses in the showroom of Relles Florist, a 71-year-old family-owned flower shop in Sacramento. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11664472\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Relles poses in the showroom of Relles Florist, a 71-year-old family-owned flower shop in Sacramento. \u003ccite>(Allen Young/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While some studies have drawn links between cannabis use and negative effects for the workplace such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-work-pot/for-optimal-work-commitment-skip-the-pot-idUSTRE81M1Y020120223\" target=\"_blank\">decreased motivation\u003c/a>, another issue is that, as pointed out by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrpa.ca/Documents/Public/HRPA-Clearing-The-Haze.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Human Resources Professionals Association\u003c/a>, cannabis affects people differently, and urine sample testing cannot reliably determine impairment. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Relles is the owner of Relles Florist in Sacramento, a family-owned flower shop that recently celebrated 71 years in business. Relles does not currently drug test his employees, but he plans to start since cannabis is now legal in California. He’s worried, though, that this bill could make it more difficult to prove whether marijuana had a role in a workplace accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s just another headache for small business,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11664390/time-to-end-the-medical-marijuana-drug-test-oakland-lawmaker-pushes-for-new-state-law","authors":["byline_news_11664390"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_19904","news_102","news_431","news_19895","news_3674","news_17041"],"featImg":"news_11664544","label":"news_72"},"news_11638236":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11638236","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11638236","score":null,"sort":[1513898790000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"harborsides-cannabis-pioneer-primed-for-new-customers","title":"Harborside's Cannabis Pioneer Primed for New Customers","publishDate":1513898790,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Proponents of legal cannabis are definitely ready to celebrate this New Year's. Starting Jan. 1, adult lovers of the plant will be able to start buying it in licensed retail outlets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can count among them Steve DeAngelo. He has long been a pioneer in the cannabis industry, though he couldn't have guessed how things would turn out when he bought his first \"nickel bag\" of weed at age 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I rolled it into six joints. I sold each joint for a dollar,\" he recalled. \"I made $1 profit, a 20 percent margin on that transaction. I did it again until I could buy a whole ounce of cannabis. The ounces turned into pounds and the pounds turned into ... well ... lots bigger quantities than that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/12/WattHarborside2way.mp3\" title=\"Harborside's Cannabis Pioneer Primed for New Customers\" program=\"KQED News\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS25526_GettyImages-542220918-qut.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeAngelo is now the executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.shopharborside.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harborside\u003c/a> -- one of the Bay Area's largest medical cannabis dispensaries, with facilities in Oakland and San Jose. He's also co-founder and president of \u003ca href=\"https://arcviewgroup.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The ArcView Group\u003c/a>, a cannabis investment network. A year ago, shortly after California voters passed \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_64,_Marijuana_Legalization_(2016)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 64\u003c/a> and legalized recreational marijuana use for adults, ArcView and \u003ca href=\"https://newfrontierdata.com/annualreport2017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Frontier Data\u003c/a> estimated California's legal marijuana market would reach $7.6 billion by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vibe at Harborside's facility on Oakland's Embarcadero is a cross between nature museum and Apple Store. Its storeroom is big and open, with lots of light, lots of wood and lots of plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With his signature braided ponytails, DeAngelo chats up what he calls \"my phenomenal, super knowledgeable, ultra-friendly, smiling staff,\" as well as the security crew outside that makes sure nobody enters without a medical marijuana card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been open for 11 years and not one incident,\" DeAngelo said. He explained that security has been important because marijuana has been a cash business. Cannabis is still illegal under federal law and there are restrictions on the use of credit cards. \"We have a high-value product. We have a lot of people coming in and out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Come Jan. 1, that medical marijuana card won't really be necessary for entry here. Only an ID proving you're 21 years old will be required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It will be a day of joy and celebration for millions and millions of people,\" DeAngelo said. \"Every single dispensary in the state of California that is able to serve adults is going to have lines around the block because there is a huge pent-up desire among people to be able to purchase cannabis legally.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harborside is preparing for this significant change. An \u003ca href=\"https://www.shopharborside.com/adult-use-regs.html\">FAQ page\u003c/a> tells visitors to its site that on Jan. 1, the Oakland location will be open at 6 a.m., with the first 100 in line receiving gifts and prizes. DeAngelo talked about a \"try-it-before-you-buy-it\" offer he's ready to make to \"customers,\" whom until now he has called \"patients.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as an industry insider, DeAngelo knows of other oncoming changes he believes many people -- and local governments -- aren't ready for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This change is going to be pretty traumatic and disruptive for the existing cannabis industry,\" he warned. \"There are a lot of new requirements that many people, especially small growers, aren't really even aware of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/29/confusion-coming-with-state-marijuana-regulations/\">confusion\u003c/a> will surround licenses for growers, distributors and sellers, he said. DeAngelo pointed out that before sellers or dispensaries can apply for a state license to serve adult users, they must have a license issued from their local jurisdiction, and many local jurisdictions haven't issued those licenses yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We estimate that only 30 percent of jurisdictions are going to be ready to allow adults to come into dispensaries legally on Jan. 1,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A significant change the cannabis consumer should brace for: taxes. Since California is legalizing marijuana, it's natural the state will take its cut. The state levy will be 15 percent, but local governments are piling on, too. Medical cannabis patients will be able to get some \u003ca href=\"https://www.boe.ca.gov/news/2016/92-16-G.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">exemptions\u003c/a> from sales taxes, but they will need a medical marijuana identification card issued by the California Department of Public Health, not just a doctor's note.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harborside is currently offering discounts on products and doesn't fail to point this out. One of the first banners on its website admonishes customers to \"STOCK UP BEFORE TAXES GO UP.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The sale of recreational marijuana is set to become legal on Jan. 1.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1514670712,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":777},"headData":{"title":"Harborside's Cannabis Pioneer Primed for New Customers | KQED","description":"The sale of recreational marijuana is set to become legal on Jan. 1.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11638236 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11638236","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/21/harborsides-cannabis-pioneer-primed-for-new-customers/","disqusTitle":"Harborside's Cannabis Pioneer Primed for New Customers","path":"/news/11638236/harborsides-cannabis-pioneer-primed-for-new-customers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Proponents of legal cannabis are definitely ready to celebrate this New Year's. Starting Jan. 1, adult lovers of the plant will be able to start buying it in licensed retail outlets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can count among them Steve DeAngelo. He has long been a pioneer in the cannabis industry, though he couldn't have guessed how things would turn out when he bought his first \"nickel bag\" of weed at age 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I rolled it into six joints. I sold each joint for a dollar,\" he recalled. \"I made $1 profit, a 20 percent margin on that transaction. I did it again until I could buy a whole ounce of cannabis. The ounces turned into pounds and the pounds turned into ... well ... lots bigger quantities than that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/12/WattHarborside2way.mp3","title":"Harborside's Cannabis Pioneer Primed for New Customers","program":"KQED News","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS25526_GettyImages-542220918-qut.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeAngelo is now the executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.shopharborside.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harborside\u003c/a> -- one of the Bay Area's largest medical cannabis dispensaries, with facilities in Oakland and San Jose. He's also co-founder and president of \u003ca href=\"https://arcviewgroup.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The ArcView Group\u003c/a>, a cannabis investment network. A year ago, shortly after California voters passed \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_64,_Marijuana_Legalization_(2016)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 64\u003c/a> and legalized recreational marijuana use for adults, ArcView and \u003ca href=\"https://newfrontierdata.com/annualreport2017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Frontier Data\u003c/a> estimated California's legal marijuana market would reach $7.6 billion by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vibe at Harborside's facility on Oakland's Embarcadero is a cross between nature museum and Apple Store. Its storeroom is big and open, with lots of light, lots of wood and lots of plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With his signature braided ponytails, DeAngelo chats up what he calls \"my phenomenal, super knowledgeable, ultra-friendly, smiling staff,\" as well as the security crew outside that makes sure nobody enters without a medical marijuana card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been open for 11 years and not one incident,\" DeAngelo said. He explained that security has been important because marijuana has been a cash business. Cannabis is still illegal under federal law and there are restrictions on the use of credit cards. \"We have a high-value product. We have a lot of people coming in and out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Come Jan. 1, that medical marijuana card won't really be necessary for entry here. Only an ID proving you're 21 years old will be required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It will be a day of joy and celebration for millions and millions of people,\" DeAngelo said. \"Every single dispensary in the state of California that is able to serve adults is going to have lines around the block because there is a huge pent-up desire among people to be able to purchase cannabis legally.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harborside is preparing for this significant change. An \u003ca href=\"https://www.shopharborside.com/adult-use-regs.html\">FAQ page\u003c/a> tells visitors to its site that on Jan. 1, the Oakland location will be open at 6 a.m., with the first 100 in line receiving gifts and prizes. DeAngelo talked about a \"try-it-before-you-buy-it\" offer he's ready to make to \"customers,\" whom until now he has called \"patients.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as an industry insider, DeAngelo knows of other oncoming changes he believes many people -- and local governments -- aren't ready for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This change is going to be pretty traumatic and disruptive for the existing cannabis industry,\" he warned. \"There are a lot of new requirements that many people, especially small growers, aren't really even aware of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/29/confusion-coming-with-state-marijuana-regulations/\">confusion\u003c/a> will surround licenses for growers, distributors and sellers, he said. DeAngelo pointed out that before sellers or dispensaries can apply for a state license to serve adult users, they must have a license issued from their local jurisdiction, and many local jurisdictions haven't issued those licenses yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We estimate that only 30 percent of jurisdictions are going to be ready to allow adults to come into dispensaries legally on Jan. 1,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A significant change the cannabis consumer should brace for: taxes. Since California is legalizing marijuana, it's natural the state will take its cut. The state levy will be 15 percent, but local governments are piling on, too. Medical cannabis patients will be able to get some \u003ca href=\"https://www.boe.ca.gov/news/2016/92-16-G.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">exemptions\u003c/a> from sales taxes, but they will need a medical marijuana identification card issued by the California Department of Public Health, not just a doctor's note.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harborside is currently offering discounts on products and doesn't fail to point this out. One of the first banners on its website admonishes customers to \"STOCK UP BEFORE TAXES GO UP.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11638236/harborsides-cannabis-pioneer-primed-for-new-customers","authors":["11238"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_19963","news_2740","news_102","news_5279","news_431"],"featImg":"news_11638260","label":"news_72"},"news_11628389":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11628389","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11628389","score":null,"sort":[1509907081000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sticker-shock-could-come-with-states-new-pot-market","title":"Sticker Shock Could Come with State's New Pot Market","publishDate":1509907081,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The legal marijuana marketplace is coming with a kaleidoscope of new taxes and fees that could influence where it's grown, how pot cookies and other munchies are produced and the price tag on just about everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be ready for sticker shock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a retail level, it costs about $35 to buy a small bag of good quality medical marijuana in Los Angeles, enough to roll five or six joints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2018, when legal sales take hold and additional taxes kick in, the cost of that same purchase in the new recreational market is expected to increase at the retail counter to $50 or $60.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the high end, that's about a 70 percent jump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical pot purchases are expected to rise in cost too, but not as steeply, industry experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or consider cannabis leaves, a sort of bottom-shelf product that comes from trimming prized plant buds. The loose, snipped leaves are typically gathered up and processed for use in cannabis-laced foods, ointments, concentrates and candies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers sell a trash bag stuffed with clippings to manufacturers for about $50. But come January, the state will tax those leaves at $44 a pound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means the tax payment on a bag holding 7 or 8 pounds would exceed the current market price by five or six times, forcing a huge price hike or, more likely, rendering it essentially valueless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All it would become is compost,\" predicted Ryan Jennemann of THC Design in Los Angeles, whose company has used the leaves to manufacture concentrated oils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governments struggling to keep up with the cost of everything from worker pensions to paving streets are eager for the cascade of new tax money from commercial pot sales that could eventually top $1 billion statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But higher taxes for businesses and consumers give the state's thriving illicit market a built-in advantage. Operators in the legal market have been urging regulators to be aggressive about shutting down rogue operators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donnie Anderson, a Los Angeles medical cultivator and retailer, predicted the higher level of state taxation next year is \"just going to help the illicit market thrive.\" He said more needs to be done to cut the cost, especially for medical users, many of whom won't be able to absorb a price jump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increased tax rates are just one part of California's sprawling plan to transform its long-standing medical and illegal markets into a multibillion-dollar regulated economy, the nation's largest legal pot shop. The reshaping of such an expansive illegal economy into a legal one hasn't been witnessed since the end of Prohibition in 1933.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change has come haltingly. Many cities are unlikely to be ready by Jan. 1 to issue business licenses, which are needed to operate in the new market, while big gaps remain in the system intended to move cannabis from the field to distribution centers, then to testing labs and eventually retail shops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The path to legalization began last year when voters approved Proposition 64, which opened the way for recreational pot sales to adults. Medical marijuana has been legal in California for about two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Come January, state taxes will include a 15 percent levy on purchases of all cannabis and cannabis products, including medical pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local governments are free to slap on taxes on sales and growing too, and that has created a confusing patchwork of rates that vary city to city, county to county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the agricultural hub of Salinas, southeast of San Francisco, voters approved a tax that will eventually rise to $25 a square foot for space used to cultivate the leafy plants, a rate that's equivalent to about $1 million an acre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But farther north, in the pot-growing mecca of Humboldt County, rates will be a comparative bargain, ranging from $1 to $3 for a square foot for cultivation space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By some estimates Humboldt County has up to 15,000 unregulated pot grows, and Supervisor Ryan Sundberg said he was eager to fashion a tax scheme that would encourage cultivators to come into the legal system and adhere to environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A high tax rate, that would be one more barrier to getting people regulated,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lower-tax areas could also be a lure to businesses looking to save on costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a snapshot of how new taxes will roll out for an average consumer in Los Angeles:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, for legal medical pot, there is no specific state tax on cannabis and the city tax is 6 percent, which is usually incorporated into the sale price at the counter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the recreational market opens in January, an eighth-ounce bag that sells for $35 will be subject to a 15 percent state tax. A city business tax that typically gets passed on to consumers will add another 10 percent, and then the buyer will be hit with the usual sales tax, about 10 percent in L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses are being saddled with new taxes and costs on cultivation, distribution and testing, which will be rolled into the consumer price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, operators say, that will push retail prices to $50 or $60 for that eighth-ounce purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for medical, the city tax would be lower, 5 percent, but retailers say that's sometimes not passed on to the consumer. Consumers with a valid medical marijuana identification card would not pay sales taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report last week from financial analysts Fitch Ratings concluded that state and local taxes could balloon to 45 percent for recreational marijuana in some communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The existing black market for cannabis may prove formidable competitor to legal markets if new taxes lead to higher prices than available from illicit sources,\" the report warned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some predict that prices will eventually come down as the legal market matures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other states with legal recreational pot have restructured taxes over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington state, for example, initially imposed separate 25 percent taxes up to three times: when the grower sold it to the processor, when the processor sold it to the retailer and at the point of public sale. In 2015 that was pushed down to a 37 percent tax at the point of retail sale, plus sales tax. In Seattle, that combined rate is about 47 percent for recreational sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While our members, like any other business sector, would like to see a lower tax rate, we have not seen any evidence that current tax rate is diverting people into the black market,\" Aaron Pickus, a spokesman for the Washington CannaBusiness Association, an industry group, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other barriers to unregulated businesses entering the new system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicole Howell Neubert, a marijuana industry lawyer, said a retail business could easily ring up $200,000 in permitting and other costs associated with compliance in the new legal market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you add to that high tax rates, you increase the number of reasons why someone might not be able to become regulated,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Recreational marijuana prices are expected to jump, but no one is sure how high they will go. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1509907081,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":1169},"headData":{"title":"Sticker Shock Could Come with State's New Pot Market | KQED","description":"Recreational marijuana prices are expected to jump, but no one is sure how high they will go. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11628389 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11628389","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/05/sticker-shock-could-come-with-states-new-pot-market/","disqusTitle":"Sticker Shock Could Come with State's New Pot Market","source":"Associated Press","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>Michael R. Blood\u003cbr> Associated Press \u003c/strong>","path":"/news/11628389/sticker-shock-could-come-with-states-new-pot-market","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The legal marijuana marketplace is coming with a kaleidoscope of new taxes and fees that could influence where it's grown, how pot cookies and other munchies are produced and the price tag on just about everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be ready for sticker shock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a retail level, it costs about $35 to buy a small bag of good quality medical marijuana in Los Angeles, enough to roll five or six joints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2018, when legal sales take hold and additional taxes kick in, the cost of that same purchase in the new recreational market is expected to increase at the retail counter to $50 or $60.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the high end, that's about a 70 percent jump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical pot purchases are expected to rise in cost too, but not as steeply, industry experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or consider cannabis leaves, a sort of bottom-shelf product that comes from trimming prized plant buds. The loose, snipped leaves are typically gathered up and processed for use in cannabis-laced foods, ointments, concentrates and candies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers sell a trash bag stuffed with clippings to manufacturers for about $50. But come January, the state will tax those leaves at $44 a pound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means the tax payment on a bag holding 7 or 8 pounds would exceed the current market price by five or six times, forcing a huge price hike or, more likely, rendering it essentially valueless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All it would become is compost,\" predicted Ryan Jennemann of THC Design in Los Angeles, whose company has used the leaves to manufacture concentrated oils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governments struggling to keep up with the cost of everything from worker pensions to paving streets are eager for the cascade of new tax money from commercial pot sales that could eventually top $1 billion statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But higher taxes for businesses and consumers give the state's thriving illicit market a built-in advantage. Operators in the legal market have been urging regulators to be aggressive about shutting down rogue operators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donnie Anderson, a Los Angeles medical cultivator and retailer, predicted the higher level of state taxation next year is \"just going to help the illicit market thrive.\" He said more needs to be done to cut the cost, especially for medical users, many of whom won't be able to absorb a price jump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increased tax rates are just one part of California's sprawling plan to transform its long-standing medical and illegal markets into a multibillion-dollar regulated economy, the nation's largest legal pot shop. The reshaping of such an expansive illegal economy into a legal one hasn't been witnessed since the end of Prohibition in 1933.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change has come haltingly. Many cities are unlikely to be ready by Jan. 1 to issue business licenses, which are needed to operate in the new market, while big gaps remain in the system intended to move cannabis from the field to distribution centers, then to testing labs and eventually retail shops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The path to legalization began last year when voters approved Proposition 64, which opened the way for recreational pot sales to adults. Medical marijuana has been legal in California for about two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Come January, state taxes will include a 15 percent levy on purchases of all cannabis and cannabis products, including medical pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local governments are free to slap on taxes on sales and growing too, and that has created a confusing patchwork of rates that vary city to city, county to county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the agricultural hub of Salinas, southeast of San Francisco, voters approved a tax that will eventually rise to $25 a square foot for space used to cultivate the leafy plants, a rate that's equivalent to about $1 million an acre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But farther north, in the pot-growing mecca of Humboldt County, rates will be a comparative bargain, ranging from $1 to $3 for a square foot for cultivation space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By some estimates Humboldt County has up to 15,000 unregulated pot grows, and Supervisor Ryan Sundberg said he was eager to fashion a tax scheme that would encourage cultivators to come into the legal system and adhere to environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A high tax rate, that would be one more barrier to getting people regulated,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lower-tax areas could also be a lure to businesses looking to save on costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a snapshot of how new taxes will roll out for an average consumer in Los Angeles:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, for legal medical pot, there is no specific state tax on cannabis and the city tax is 6 percent, which is usually incorporated into the sale price at the counter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the recreational market opens in January, an eighth-ounce bag that sells for $35 will be subject to a 15 percent state tax. A city business tax that typically gets passed on to consumers will add another 10 percent, and then the buyer will be hit with the usual sales tax, about 10 percent in L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses are being saddled with new taxes and costs on cultivation, distribution and testing, which will be rolled into the consumer price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, operators say, that will push retail prices to $50 or $60 for that eighth-ounce purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for medical, the city tax would be lower, 5 percent, but retailers say that's sometimes not passed on to the consumer. Consumers with a valid medical marijuana identification card would not pay sales taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report last week from financial analysts Fitch Ratings concluded that state and local taxes could balloon to 45 percent for recreational marijuana in some communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The existing black market for cannabis may prove formidable competitor to legal markets if new taxes lead to higher prices than available from illicit sources,\" the report warned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some predict that prices will eventually come down as the legal market matures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other states with legal recreational pot have restructured taxes over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington state, for example, initially imposed separate 25 percent taxes up to three times: when the grower sold it to the processor, when the processor sold it to the retailer and at the point of public sale. In 2015 that was pushed down to a 37 percent tax at the point of retail sale, plus sales tax. In Seattle, that combined rate is about 47 percent for recreational sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While our members, like any other business sector, would like to see a lower tax rate, we have not seen any evidence that current tax rate is diverting people into the black market,\" Aaron Pickus, a spokesman for the Washington CannaBusiness Association, an industry group, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other barriers to unregulated businesses entering the new system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicole Howell Neubert, a marijuana industry lawyer, said a retail business could easily ring up $200,000 in permitting and other costs associated with compliance in the new legal market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you add to that high tax rates, you increase the number of reasons why someone might not be able to become regulated,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11628389/sticker-shock-could-come-with-states-new-pot-market","authors":["byline_news_11628389"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_457","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_102","news_431","news_20089"],"featImg":"news_11628393","label":"source_news_11628389"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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