Gay Civil Rights Leader Bayard Rustin Pardoned for 1953 Sex Conviction
Read AP's Original Report on the 1963 March on Washington
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Stanford MLK Institute Director on American Ideals vs. Reality
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Gavin Newsom announced a posthumous pardon Wednesday for the late civil rights leader Bayard Rustin, who in 1953 was jailed and registered as a sex offender for having consensual sex with another man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='State Sen. Scott Wiener']'Generations of LGBT people — including countless gay men — were branded criminals and sex offenders simply because they had consensual sex. This was often life ruining, and many languished on the sex offender registry for decades.'[/pullquote]The pardon of Rustin, who helped organize the historic March on Washington in 1963, marks the beginning of a Newsom initiative aimed at pardoning others who were convicted of crimes in California for being gay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In California and across the country, many laws have been used as legal tools of oppression, and to stigmatize and punish LGBTQ people and communities and warn others what harm could await them for living authentically,\" Newsom said in a statement. \"I want to encourage others in similar situations to seek a pardon to right this egregious wrong.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Newsom administration is pledging to identify and pardon other individuals who were prosecuted for consensual sex with a partner of the same sex — a statute that was wiped off California's books in 1975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800096\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800096\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Bayard-Rustin-March-on-Washington-qut-800x1025.jpg\" alt=\"Bayard Rustin (L) and Cleveland Robinson in August, 1963. (O. Fernandez/Wikimedia Commons)\" width=\"800\" height=\"1025\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Bayard-Rustin-March-on-Washington-qut-800x1025.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Bayard-Rustin-March-on-Washington-qut-160x205.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Bayard-Rustin-March-on-Washington-qut-1020x1306.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Bayard-Rustin-March-on-Washington-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bayard Rustin (L) and Cleveland Robinson in August 1963. \u003ccite>(O. Fernandez/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More than two decades earlier, in January 1953, Rustin was arrested in Pasadena after police found him having sex with another man in a car. Rustin spent 50 days in county jail and was forced to register as a sex offender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years after the arrest, Rustin emerged as a leader in the nation's civil rights movement. He advised Martin Luther King Jr. on tactics of non-violent protest and then worked with King to organize the Montgomery bus boycott and create the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But throughout his career, Rustin was marginalized because of his sexual orientation by both civil rights opponents and allies in the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/01/21/bayard-rustin-gay-pardon/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Washington Post\u003c/a>, King was pressured to distance himself from Rustin, who resigned from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1960.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But three years later, Rustin played a key role in organizing the March on Washington, where King delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The week after the march, Rustin graced the cover of Life Magazine with fellow activist A. Philip Randolph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rustin died in 1987. President Barack Obama awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='lgbtq-rights' label='More Coverage']The push to pardon Rustin was brought to Newsom by state Sen. Scott Wiener, D-San Francisco, chair of the California Legislative LGBTQ Caucus, who partnered with Assemblywoman Shirley Weber, D-San Diego, chair of the California Legislative Black Caucus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm thrilled that Gov. Newsom is pardoning Bayard Rustin and that he acted so quickly and decisively in response to our request,\" Wiener said in a statement. \"Generations of LGBT people — including countless gay men — were branded criminals and sex offenders simply because they had consensual sex. This was often life ruining, and many languished on the sex offender registry for decades. The Governor's actions today are a huge step forward in our community's ongoing quest for full acceptance and justice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weber noted that \"Rustin was a great American who was both gay and black at a time when the sheer fact of being either or both could land you in jail.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This pardon assures his place in history and the Governor’s ongoing commitment to addressing similar convictions shows that California is finally addressing a great injustice,\" she added.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Gov. Gavin Newsom's pardon of Bayard Rustin, who helped organize the historic March on Washington in 1963, launched an initiative aimed at pardoning others who were convicted of crimes in California for being gay.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1580929367,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":613},"headData":{"title":"Gay Civil Rights Leader Bayard Rustin Pardoned for 1953 Sex Conviction | KQED","description":"Gov. Newsom's pardon of Bayard Rustin, who helped organize the March on Washington in 1963, launched an initiative aimed at pardoning people convicted of crimes for being gay.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Gay Civil Rights Leader Bayard Rustin Pardoned for 1953 Sex Conviction","datePublished":"2020-02-05T11:00:55.000Z","dateModified":"2020-02-05T19:02:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11800027 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11800027","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/02/05/gay-civil-rights-leader-bayard-rustin-pardoned-for-1953-sex-conviction/","disqusTitle":"Gay Civil Rights Leader Bayard Rustin Pardoned for 1953 Sex Conviction","path":"/news/11800027/gay-civil-rights-leader-bayard-rustin-pardoned-for-1953-sex-conviction","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California Gov. Gavin Newsom announced a posthumous pardon Wednesday for the late civil rights leader Bayard Rustin, who in 1953 was jailed and registered as a sex offender for having consensual sex with another man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Generations of LGBT people — including countless gay men — were branded criminals and sex offenders simply because they had consensual sex. This was often life ruining, and many languished on the sex offender registry for decades.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"State Sen. Scott Wiener","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The pardon of Rustin, who helped organize the historic March on Washington in 1963, marks the beginning of a Newsom initiative aimed at pardoning others who were convicted of crimes in California for being gay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In California and across the country, many laws have been used as legal tools of oppression, and to stigmatize and punish LGBTQ people and communities and warn others what harm could await them for living authentically,\" Newsom said in a statement. \"I want to encourage others in similar situations to seek a pardon to right this egregious wrong.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Newsom administration is pledging to identify and pardon other individuals who were prosecuted for consensual sex with a partner of the same sex — a statute that was wiped off California's books in 1975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800096\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800096\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Bayard-Rustin-March-on-Washington-qut-800x1025.jpg\" alt=\"Bayard Rustin (L) and Cleveland Robinson in August, 1963. (O. Fernandez/Wikimedia Commons)\" width=\"800\" height=\"1025\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Bayard-Rustin-March-on-Washington-qut-800x1025.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Bayard-Rustin-March-on-Washington-qut-160x205.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Bayard-Rustin-March-on-Washington-qut-1020x1306.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Bayard-Rustin-March-on-Washington-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bayard Rustin (L) and Cleveland Robinson in August 1963. \u003ccite>(O. Fernandez/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More than two decades earlier, in January 1953, Rustin was arrested in Pasadena after police found him having sex with another man in a car. Rustin spent 50 days in county jail and was forced to register as a sex offender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years after the arrest, Rustin emerged as a leader in the nation's civil rights movement. He advised Martin Luther King Jr. on tactics of non-violent protest and then worked with King to organize the Montgomery bus boycott and create the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But throughout his career, Rustin was marginalized because of his sexual orientation by both civil rights opponents and allies in the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/01/21/bayard-rustin-gay-pardon/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Washington Post\u003c/a>, King was pressured to distance himself from Rustin, who resigned from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1960.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But three years later, Rustin played a key role in organizing the March on Washington, where King delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The week after the march, Rustin graced the cover of Life Magazine with fellow activist A. Philip Randolph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rustin died in 1987. President Barack Obama awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"lgbtq-rights","label":"More Coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The push to pardon Rustin was brought to Newsom by state Sen. Scott Wiener, D-San Francisco, chair of the California Legislative LGBTQ Caucus, who partnered with Assemblywoman Shirley Weber, D-San Diego, chair of the California Legislative Black Caucus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm thrilled that Gov. Newsom is pardoning Bayard Rustin and that he acted so quickly and decisively in response to our request,\" Wiener said in a statement. \"Generations of LGBT people — including countless gay men — were branded criminals and sex offenders simply because they had consensual sex. This was often life ruining, and many languished on the sex offender registry for decades. The Governor's actions today are a huge step forward in our community's ongoing quest for full acceptance and justice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weber noted that \"Rustin was a great American who was both gay and black at a time when the sheer fact of being either or both could land you in jail.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This pardon assures his place in history and the Governor’s ongoing commitment to addressing similar convictions shows that California is finally addressing a great injustice,\" she added.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11800027/gay-civil-rights-leader-bayard-rustin-pardoned-for-1953-sex-conviction","authors":["227"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_335","news_19542","news_16","news_20003","news_19345","news_4762","news_20755","news_1217","news_25419"],"featImg":"news_11800071","label":"news_72"},"news_108880":{"type":"posts","id":"news_108880","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"108880","score":null,"sort":[1377723153000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"read-aps-original-report-on-the-1963-march-on-washington","title":"Read AP's Original Report on the 1963 March on Washington","publishDate":1377723153,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>This is an interesting historical item. Today, the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington, AP sent out its original report on the 1963 event. Here's the organization's \"Editor's Note\":\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>On Aug. 28, 1963, AP reporter Raymond J. Crowley went to the National Mall and chronicled the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which went on to become one of the most famous political rallies in U.S. history. Writing in the language and style used by journalists of his era, Crowley duly noted a wide range of details about the event, from the size of the crowd and the songs the marchers sang to President John F. Kennedy's reaction, the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.'s \"I Have A Dream\" speech, and the three arrests made by police.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-108790\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/08/marchwashington.jpg-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"marchwashington.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">You'll notice the story doesn't mention King's famous speech until about a third of the way down -- which would jibe with what Clayborne Carson, director of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute at Stanford, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/28/march_on_washington_history\" target=\"_blank\">told KQED's Joshua Johnson today\u003c/a>. Carson was in the crowd that day, watching the speeches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of course when you hear it, you don't know it's going to be a famous speech,\" he said. \"As far as I knew, all Martin Luther King speeches were like that. It was only later that I even knew it had a name: the 'I Have a Dream' speech. It was the concluding speech of a long day of speeches.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The article also talks about John Lewis' speech, which he was forced to edit, because of passages like this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We cannot depend on any political party, for both the Democrats and Republicans have betrayed the basic principles of the Declaration of Independence.\" \u003c!--more-->Here's the full AP story...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WASHINGTON (AP) — In a great, dramatic demonstration, more than 200,000 Negroes and white sympathizers massed before the Abraham Lincoln Memorial today and demanded across-the-board abolition of race discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, after the \"march for jobs and freedom,\" President Kennedy asserted that \"the cause of 20 million Negroes has been advanced\" by the gigantic, orderly assemblage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy conferred with 10 march leaders at the White House and issued a statement pledging a continued drive for civil rights legislation, for the removal of job barriers, for better education and full employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was appropriate, he said, that the demonstration was conducted before the nation's shrine to the Great Emancipator. The contribution thus made to the Negro cause is great, he said, \"but even more significant is the contribution to all mankind.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By special train, plane, buses by the thousand, private automobiles and even in some cases on foot, the marchers poured into the capital. As they headed homeward tonight, the small army of police and National Guardsmen mustered to cope with feared disorder could report that only three arrests had been made — and not one of these was a demonstrator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the temperature was a balmy 84 and a cool wind stirred, many marchers fainted by the wayside. More than 1,700 were treated at first-aid tents or hospitals for ills such as ribs fractured in the crush, headaches and insect bites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gathering around the Washington Monument, the great sea of humanity moved toward the Lincoln Memorial, which enshrines the marble statue of the man who freed the slaves 100 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Softly, as they went, they chanted the familiar civil rights hymn:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Deep in my heart I do believe ... some day we shall overcome.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a forest of placards moved with them. Some of these struck a religious note:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"God of wisdom, God of fewer, can America deny freedom in this hour?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others were more down-to-earth and slangy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No U.S. dough to help Jim Crow!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of all the speeches at the memorial, the one that drew the strongest applause was made by the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Departing from his advance text, he said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I still have a dream, a dream deeply rooted in the American dream that one day this nation will rise up and live up to its creed: We hold those truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have a dream that one day in Alabama, little black boys and little black girls will be able to go hand in hand together with little white boys and little white girls as brothers and sisters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the faith that I will take down to the South — that out of this mountain of despair, I can find a soul of brotherhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill in Mississippi, from every city and state in the country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When King finished, there were cries of \"he's a powerhouse,\" and even one shouted salute to \"the next president of the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Lewis, chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, toned down a fiery speech he had prepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was learned from a competent source that the Very Rev. Patrick A. O'Boyle, Roman Catholic archbishop of Washington, had served notice he would refuse to give the invocation unless the speech were changed. He was said to consider it inflammatory and contrary to the constructive purpose of the gathering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis confirmed that he had been forced to \"capitulate\" into making changes. He told a reporter that the archbishop had \"said he would not appear on the same platform with a speaker making this and some other statements in my speech.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So out came such passages as:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We cannot depend on any political party, for both the Democrats and Republicans have betrayed the basic principles of the Declaration of Independence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the advance text, Lewis said the Kennedy civil rights bill is \"too little and too late\" and \"we cannot support it.\" Upon delivery, Lewis said \"we support the administration's civil rights bill, but with reservations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 7:55 p.m. EDT, the last of the 23 special trains departed, and by 11 p.m. Union Station and the city's two main bus terminals showed little sign of the earlier traffic load. The Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial areas, scene of a vast gathering just hours before, were virtually deserted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police Chief Robert V. Murray, meeting with newsmen tonight, pronounced it a \"very orderly demonstration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked to estimate how many of the demonstrators were Negroes and how many white, he said he believed about 90 percent were Negroes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A holiday atmosphere pervaded the city. Many government workers took the day off and many business offices closed. Stores in the downtown area were largely deserted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William H. Press, executive vice president of the Washington Board of Trade, said that while he had no actual figures \"I imagine business is off 80 percent. ... There's nobody in the stores.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congregating at the Lincoln Memorial, the vast audience stretched far back toward the east end of the magnificent reflecting pool — toward the spot where in a semi-circular, separate pool, water lilies bloomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the memorial, they heard many speeches, many songs and spirituals. They heard speakers demand passage of President Kennedy's civil rights bill — and much more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. Philip Randolph, 74-year-old prime promoter of the march, struck at those who want to amend the program to exempt little establishments from the proposed anti-discrimination ban — places like \"Mrs. Murphy's boarding house.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We must destroy the notion,\" said Randolph, the president of the AFL-CIO Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, \"that Mrs. Murphy's property rights include the right to humiliate me because of the color of my skin.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A great cheer went up when Randolph announced that more than 150 members of Congress were in seats on the broad marble steps of the memorial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Film star Burt Lancaster unrolled a scroll he had brought with him by plane from Americans in Paris. It expressed fervent hope that all America would be \"liberated from the prison of their biases and fears.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marlon Brando of films was there, too, carrying with him a cattle prod of a type he said has been used in some places to make civil rights demonstrators move on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This instrument will burn you,\" he said. \"I've seen the scars on people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But we must not believe that Southern people are entirely responsible. We are all responsible, East and West too.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What effect the march would have on Congress remained to be seen, though Ralph Bunche, world-known American Negro official of the United Nations, told the throng:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Anybody who cannot understand the significance of your participation here today is blind and deaf.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coming here by train, plane, bus, auto — and even some on foot — the throng built up slowly but steadily to the estimate of 200,000, including Washingtonians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite advanced predictions by critics of possible wholesale disorder, the marchers — who numbered black and white, Protestants, Catholics and Jews — were studiously polite to one and all as they assembled and then marched to the Lincoln Memorial on the bank of the Potomac.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the meeting went on, police reported only two arrests had been made thus far — neither one of them demonstrators. One was identified as a deputy leader of \"the American Nazi Party\" who persisted in trying to make a speech, despite police warnings, and the other, a 20-year-old, was alleged to have seized a placard from a marcher and broken it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third arrest was reported several blocks away as the meeting was breaking up. Police took a local motorist into custody when they found a sawed-off shotgun on the front seat of his car. He was charged with carrying a prohibited weapon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were hundreds of cases of heat exhaustion or fainting, most of them released after treatment at first-aid stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was one scare when an anonymous caller told police bombs had been planted in the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial. This proved false, but for a while the Washington Monument was closed and nobody could ride the elevator to the top of the obelisk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The carefully drilled force of 5,000 officers — policemen, police reservists, National Guardsmen — had little or no occasion to display any muscle. They were aided, in the great task of crowd control, by off-duty Negro policemen from New York and other \"march marshals,\" wearing golden-hued armbands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George Lincoln Rockwell, leader of the American Nazi Party, showed up before dawn at the Washington Monument in hopes of holding a meeting despite an official ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police quickly threw out a cordon of 200 men to separate him from the marchers. After some hours, in which few gathered around to listen to him, he marched off with his 70 troopers, saying disgustedly, \"I'm ashamed of my race.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big demonstration was a unique mixture of revival meeting, picnic and denunciations of what speakers called man's inhumanity to man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the speaking went on many demonstrators — mostly small fry — took off their shoes and socks, sat on the edge of the reflecting pool and cooled their feet in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier, many broke out picnic lunches on the monument grounds, queued up at the big military trucks marked \"water\" and at the many portable restrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police Chief Murray said the throng was perhaps the largest in the city's history — apart from presidential inaugurations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact the crowd was so big that some demonstrators were still coming into town by bus at a time when others were waiting at Union Station to go home by train. These latter decided they could not get near enough to the Lincoln Memorial, and would get a head start homeward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were some snafus. For example, Hollywood stars got tied up in traffic and could not get to the Washington Monument on schedule to entertain — or take a bow before — the people waiting to start the march.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our program is a bit ragged around the edges,\" the loudspeakers boomed at this point. \"The people who were to appear are evidently a long way from here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philosophically, the crowd began to entertain itself with a deep-throated song: \"Freedom is a-coming. Oh, yes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, singer Marian Anderson arrived at the Lincoln Memorial in tears because she was just seconds too late to sing \"The Star Spangled Banner.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camilla Williams sang it instead. Later the crowd got to hear Miss Anderson in the spiritual \"He's Got the Whole World in His Hands.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the big blue-and-white headquarters tent of the march, many people lined up to sign a pledge:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I affirm my complete personal commitment for the struggle for jobs and freedom for all Americans. To fulfill that commitment, I pledge that I will not relax until victory is won.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1377729977,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":71,"wordCount":2155},"headData":{"title":"Read AP's Original Report on the 1963 March on Washington | KQED","description":"This is an interesting historical item. Today, the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington, AP sent out its original report on the 1963 event. Here's the organization's "Editor's Note": On Aug. 28, 1963, AP reporter Raymond J. Crowley went to the National Mall and chronicled the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Read AP's Original Report on the 1963 March on Washington","datePublished":"2013-08-28T20:52:33.000Z","dateModified":"2013-08-28T22:46:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"108880 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=108880","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/28/read-aps-original-report-on-the-1963-march-on-washington/","disqusTitle":"Read AP's Original Report on the 1963 March on Washington","customPermalink":"2013/08/28/march-on-washington-1963-news-report/","path":"/news/108880/read-aps-original-report-on-the-1963-march-on-washington","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This is an interesting historical item. Today, the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington, AP sent out its original report on the 1963 event. Here's the organization's \"Editor's Note\":\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>On Aug. 28, 1963, AP reporter Raymond J. Crowley went to the National Mall and chronicled the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which went on to become one of the most famous political rallies in U.S. history. Writing in the language and style used by journalists of his era, Crowley duly noted a wide range of details about the event, from the size of the crowd and the songs the marchers sang to President John F. Kennedy's reaction, the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.'s \"I Have A Dream\" speech, and the three arrests made by police.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-108790\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/08/marchwashington.jpg-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"marchwashington.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">You'll notice the story doesn't mention King's famous speech until about a third of the way down -- which would jibe with what Clayborne Carson, director of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute at Stanford, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/28/march_on_washington_history\" target=\"_blank\">told KQED's Joshua Johnson today\u003c/a>. Carson was in the crowd that day, watching the speeches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of course when you hear it, you don't know it's going to be a famous speech,\" he said. \"As far as I knew, all Martin Luther King speeches were like that. It was only later that I even knew it had a name: the 'I Have a Dream' speech. It was the concluding speech of a long day of speeches.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The article also talks about John Lewis' speech, which he was forced to edit, because of passages like this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We cannot depend on any political party, for both the Democrats and Republicans have betrayed the basic principles of the Declaration of Independence.\" \u003c!--more-->Here's the full AP story...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WASHINGTON (AP) — In a great, dramatic demonstration, more than 200,000 Negroes and white sympathizers massed before the Abraham Lincoln Memorial today and demanded across-the-board abolition of race discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, after the \"march for jobs and freedom,\" President Kennedy asserted that \"the cause of 20 million Negroes has been advanced\" by the gigantic, orderly assemblage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy conferred with 10 march leaders at the White House and issued a statement pledging a continued drive for civil rights legislation, for the removal of job barriers, for better education and full employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was appropriate, he said, that the demonstration was conducted before the nation's shrine to the Great Emancipator. The contribution thus made to the Negro cause is great, he said, \"but even more significant is the contribution to all mankind.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By special train, plane, buses by the thousand, private automobiles and even in some cases on foot, the marchers poured into the capital. As they headed homeward tonight, the small army of police and National Guardsmen mustered to cope with feared disorder could report that only three arrests had been made — and not one of these was a demonstrator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the temperature was a balmy 84 and a cool wind stirred, many marchers fainted by the wayside. More than 1,700 were treated at first-aid tents or hospitals for ills such as ribs fractured in the crush, headaches and insect bites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gathering around the Washington Monument, the great sea of humanity moved toward the Lincoln Memorial, which enshrines the marble statue of the man who freed the slaves 100 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Softly, as they went, they chanted the familiar civil rights hymn:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Deep in my heart I do believe ... some day we shall overcome.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a forest of placards moved with them. Some of these struck a religious note:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"God of wisdom, God of fewer, can America deny freedom in this hour?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others were more down-to-earth and slangy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No U.S. dough to help Jim Crow!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of all the speeches at the memorial, the one that drew the strongest applause was made by the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Departing from his advance text, he said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I still have a dream, a dream deeply rooted in the American dream that one day this nation will rise up and live up to its creed: We hold those truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have a dream that one day in Alabama, little black boys and little black girls will be able to go hand in hand together with little white boys and little white girls as brothers and sisters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the faith that I will take down to the South — that out of this mountain of despair, I can find a soul of brotherhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill in Mississippi, from every city and state in the country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When King finished, there were cries of \"he's a powerhouse,\" and even one shouted salute to \"the next president of the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Lewis, chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, toned down a fiery speech he had prepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was learned from a competent source that the Very Rev. Patrick A. O'Boyle, Roman Catholic archbishop of Washington, had served notice he would refuse to give the invocation unless the speech were changed. He was said to consider it inflammatory and contrary to the constructive purpose of the gathering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis confirmed that he had been forced to \"capitulate\" into making changes. He told a reporter that the archbishop had \"said he would not appear on the same platform with a speaker making this and some other statements in my speech.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So out came such passages as:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We cannot depend on any political party, for both the Democrats and Republicans have betrayed the basic principles of the Declaration of Independence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the advance text, Lewis said the Kennedy civil rights bill is \"too little and too late\" and \"we cannot support it.\" Upon delivery, Lewis said \"we support the administration's civil rights bill, but with reservations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 7:55 p.m. EDT, the last of the 23 special trains departed, and by 11 p.m. Union Station and the city's two main bus terminals showed little sign of the earlier traffic load. The Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial areas, scene of a vast gathering just hours before, were virtually deserted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police Chief Robert V. Murray, meeting with newsmen tonight, pronounced it a \"very orderly demonstration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked to estimate how many of the demonstrators were Negroes and how many white, he said he believed about 90 percent were Negroes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A holiday atmosphere pervaded the city. Many government workers took the day off and many business offices closed. Stores in the downtown area were largely deserted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William H. Press, executive vice president of the Washington Board of Trade, said that while he had no actual figures \"I imagine business is off 80 percent. ... There's nobody in the stores.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congregating at the Lincoln Memorial, the vast audience stretched far back toward the east end of the magnificent reflecting pool — toward the spot where in a semi-circular, separate pool, water lilies bloomed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the memorial, they heard many speeches, many songs and spirituals. They heard speakers demand passage of President Kennedy's civil rights bill — and much more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. Philip Randolph, 74-year-old prime promoter of the march, struck at those who want to amend the program to exempt little establishments from the proposed anti-discrimination ban — places like \"Mrs. Murphy's boarding house.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We must destroy the notion,\" said Randolph, the president of the AFL-CIO Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, \"that Mrs. Murphy's property rights include the right to humiliate me because of the color of my skin.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A great cheer went up when Randolph announced that more than 150 members of Congress were in seats on the broad marble steps of the memorial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Film star Burt Lancaster unrolled a scroll he had brought with him by plane from Americans in Paris. It expressed fervent hope that all America would be \"liberated from the prison of their biases and fears.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marlon Brando of films was there, too, carrying with him a cattle prod of a type he said has been used in some places to make civil rights demonstrators move on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This instrument will burn you,\" he said. \"I've seen the scars on people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But we must not believe that Southern people are entirely responsible. We are all responsible, East and West too.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What effect the march would have on Congress remained to be seen, though Ralph Bunche, world-known American Negro official of the United Nations, told the throng:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Anybody who cannot understand the significance of your participation here today is blind and deaf.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coming here by train, plane, bus, auto — and even some on foot — the throng built up slowly but steadily to the estimate of 200,000, including Washingtonians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite advanced predictions by critics of possible wholesale disorder, the marchers — who numbered black and white, Protestants, Catholics and Jews — were studiously polite to one and all as they assembled and then marched to the Lincoln Memorial on the bank of the Potomac.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the meeting went on, police reported only two arrests had been made thus far — neither one of them demonstrators. One was identified as a deputy leader of \"the American Nazi Party\" who persisted in trying to make a speech, despite police warnings, and the other, a 20-year-old, was alleged to have seized a placard from a marcher and broken it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third arrest was reported several blocks away as the meeting was breaking up. Police took a local motorist into custody when they found a sawed-off shotgun on the front seat of his car. He was charged with carrying a prohibited weapon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were hundreds of cases of heat exhaustion or fainting, most of them released after treatment at first-aid stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was one scare when an anonymous caller told police bombs had been planted in the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial. This proved false, but for a while the Washington Monument was closed and nobody could ride the elevator to the top of the obelisk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The carefully drilled force of 5,000 officers — policemen, police reservists, National Guardsmen — had little or no occasion to display any muscle. They were aided, in the great task of crowd control, by off-duty Negro policemen from New York and other \"march marshals,\" wearing golden-hued armbands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George Lincoln Rockwell, leader of the American Nazi Party, showed up before dawn at the Washington Monument in hopes of holding a meeting despite an official ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police quickly threw out a cordon of 200 men to separate him from the marchers. After some hours, in which few gathered around to listen to him, he marched off with his 70 troopers, saying disgustedly, \"I'm ashamed of my race.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big demonstration was a unique mixture of revival meeting, picnic and denunciations of what speakers called man's inhumanity to man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the speaking went on many demonstrators — mostly small fry — took off their shoes and socks, sat on the edge of the reflecting pool and cooled their feet in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier, many broke out picnic lunches on the monument grounds, queued up at the big military trucks marked \"water\" and at the many portable restrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police Chief Murray said the throng was perhaps the largest in the city's history — apart from presidential inaugurations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact the crowd was so big that some demonstrators were still coming into town by bus at a time when others were waiting at Union Station to go home by train. These latter decided they could not get near enough to the Lincoln Memorial, and would get a head start homeward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were some snafus. For example, Hollywood stars got tied up in traffic and could not get to the Washington Monument on schedule to entertain — or take a bow before — the people waiting to start the march.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our program is a bit ragged around the edges,\" the loudspeakers boomed at this point. \"The people who were to appear are evidently a long way from here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philosophically, the crowd began to entertain itself with a deep-throated song: \"Freedom is a-coming. Oh, yes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, singer Marian Anderson arrived at the Lincoln Memorial in tears because she was just seconds too late to sing \"The Star Spangled Banner.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camilla Williams sang it instead. Later the crowd got to hear Miss Anderson in the spiritual \"He's Got the Whole World in His Hands.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the big blue-and-white headquarters tent of the march, many people lined up to sign a pledge:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I affirm my complete personal commitment for the struggle for jobs and freedom for all Americans. To fulfill that commitment, I pledge that I will not relax until victory is won.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/108880/read-aps-original-report-on-the-1963-march-on-washington","authors":["80"],"programs":["news_6944"],"tags":["news_4762","news_2162"],"featImg":"news_108790","label":"news_6944"},"news_108779":{"type":"posts","id":"news_108779","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"108779","score":null,"sort":[1377719402000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"listen-to-original-march-on-washington-broadcast","title":"Video of March on Washington Speeches: Obama, Clinton, Oprah","publishDate":1377719402,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update\u003c/strong>: Here is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/transcript-president-obamas-speech-on-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-march-on-washington/2013/08/28/0138e01e-0ffb-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html?hpid=z2\" target=\"_blank\">transcript of President Obama's speech\u003c/a> at the 50th anniversary commemoration of the March on Washington. Video replays of today's speeches below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlfuYrBP91U&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6ZFN9Tx6xh-skXCuRHCDpQ\">President Obama\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/nlfuYrBP91U\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ei6lrBM66e8&feature=c4-overview-vl&list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" target=\"_blank\">Bill Clinton\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/Ei6lrBM66e8?list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sb464HTFLik&feature=c4-overview-vl&list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" target=\"_blank\">Jimmy Carter remembers Coretta Scott King\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/sb464HTFLik?list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BURVgo05qVM&feature=c4-overview-vl&list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" target=\"_blank\">John Lewis\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/BURVgo05qVM?list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://youtu.be/pF2Gdb6ERWg\" target=\"_blank\">Oprah Winfrey\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/pF2Gdb6ERWg?list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEo0OWOSQug&feature=c4-overview-vl&list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" target=\"_blank\">Martin Luther King III\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/TEo0OWOSQug?list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also still going on, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the march, WGBH in Boston is broadcasting its original coverage of the event. From the station:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The coverage began at 9am and continued for 15 uninterrupted hours (until midnight), and was heard live on WGBH; a member of the network and an active participant in the broadcast. Only WGBH retained the original broadcast materials, and we are proud to present them here — unedited and in real-time — on this milestone anniversary of the March On Washington.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.wgbh.org/history/march_on_washington_livestream_broadcast_schedule.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">listen to the webcast in progress here\u003c/a> or by clicking on the image below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_108790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 494px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.wgbh.org/history/march_on_washington_livestream_broadcast_schedule.cfm\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-108790\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/08/marchwashington.jpg-e1377704639393.jpg\" alt=\"marchwashington.jpg\" width=\"494\" height=\"330\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click on the photo to hear the WGBH broadcast. (Photo: Wikipedia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because it's always worth watching, no matter how many times you've seen it before, here is Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech, in full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/smEqnnklfYs\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"420\" height=\"315\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More on the March ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/liveblog/wp/2013/08/28/the-march-on-washingtons-50th-anniversary/\">Washington Post: Live updates\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/28/us/mlk-i-have-a-dream-9-things/index.html?hpt=hp_c2\">9 things about Martin Luther King Jr's speech and the March on Washington\u003c/a> (CNN)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/28/us/the-lasting-power-of-dr-kings-dream-speech.html?hp&_r=0\">The Lasting Power of Dr. King’s Dream Speech\u003c/a> (Michiko Kakutani, NY Times)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/series/213897602/the-march-on-washington-at-50\" target=\"_blank\">NPR: The March on Washington at 50\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45755884/vp/52831723#52831723\">How the media covered the 1963 march\u003c/a> (Al Sharpton, MSNBC)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/08/j-edgar-hoover-war-martin-luther-king\" target=\"_blank\">The Dark Side of \"I Have a Dream\": The FBI's War on Martin Luther King\u003c/a> (Mother Jones)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1377734746,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":267},"headData":{"title":"Video of March on Washington Speeches: Obama, Clinton, Oprah | KQED","description":"Update: Here is a transcript of President Obama's speech at the 50th anniversary commemoration of the March on Washington. Video replays of today's speeches below. President Obama Bill Clinton Jimmy Carter remembers Coretta Scott King John Lewis Oprah Winfrey","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Video of March on Washington Speeches: Obama, Clinton, Oprah","datePublished":"2013-08-28T19:50:02.000Z","dateModified":"2013-08-29T00:05:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"108779 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=108779","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/28/listen-to-original-march-on-washington-broadcast/","disqusTitle":"Video of March on Washington Speeches: Obama, Clinton, Oprah","customPermalink":"2013/08/28/listen-to-march-on-washington/","path":"/news/108779/listen-to-original-march-on-washington-broadcast","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update\u003c/strong>: Here is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/transcript-president-obamas-speech-on-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-march-on-washington/2013/08/28/0138e01e-0ffb-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html?hpid=z2\" target=\"_blank\">transcript of President Obama's speech\u003c/a> at the 50th anniversary commemoration of the March on Washington. Video replays of today's speeches below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlfuYrBP91U&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6ZFN9Tx6xh-skXCuRHCDpQ\">President Obama\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/nlfuYrBP91U\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ei6lrBM66e8&feature=c4-overview-vl&list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" target=\"_blank\">Bill Clinton\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/Ei6lrBM66e8?list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sb464HTFLik&feature=c4-overview-vl&list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" target=\"_blank\">Jimmy Carter remembers Coretta Scott King\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/sb464HTFLik?list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BURVgo05qVM&feature=c4-overview-vl&list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" target=\"_blank\">John Lewis\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/BURVgo05qVM?list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://youtu.be/pF2Gdb6ERWg\" target=\"_blank\">Oprah Winfrey\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/pF2Gdb6ERWg?list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEo0OWOSQug&feature=c4-overview-vl&list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" target=\"_blank\">Martin Luther King III\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/TEo0OWOSQug?list=PL4CGYNsoW2iBki3nflhJqBUH1opDp6eC3\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also still going on, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the march, WGBH in Boston is broadcasting its original coverage of the event. From the station:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The coverage began at 9am and continued for 15 uninterrupted hours (until midnight), and was heard live on WGBH; a member of the network and an active participant in the broadcast. Only WGBH retained the original broadcast materials, and we are proud to present them here — unedited and in real-time — on this milestone anniversary of the March On Washington.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.wgbh.org/history/march_on_washington_livestream_broadcast_schedule.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">listen to the webcast in progress here\u003c/a> or by clicking on the image below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_108790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 494px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.wgbh.org/history/march_on_washington_livestream_broadcast_schedule.cfm\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-108790\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/08/marchwashington.jpg-e1377704639393.jpg\" alt=\"marchwashington.jpg\" width=\"494\" height=\"330\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click on the photo to hear the WGBH broadcast. (Photo: Wikipedia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because it's always worth watching, no matter how many times you've seen it before, here is Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech, in full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/smEqnnklfYs\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"420\" height=\"315\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More on the March ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/liveblog/wp/2013/08/28/the-march-on-washingtons-50th-anniversary/\">Washington Post: Live updates\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/28/us/mlk-i-have-a-dream-9-things/index.html?hpt=hp_c2\">9 things about Martin Luther King Jr's speech and the March on Washington\u003c/a> (CNN)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/28/us/the-lasting-power-of-dr-kings-dream-speech.html?hp&_r=0\">The Lasting Power of Dr. King’s Dream Speech\u003c/a> (Michiko Kakutani, NY Times)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/series/213897602/the-march-on-washington-at-50\" target=\"_blank\">NPR: The March on Washington at 50\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45755884/vp/52831723#52831723\">How the media covered the 1963 march\u003c/a> (Al Sharpton, MSNBC)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/08/j-edgar-hoover-war-martin-luther-king\" target=\"_blank\">The Dark Side of \"I Have a Dream\": The FBI's War on Martin Luther King\u003c/a> (Mother Jones)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/108779/listen-to-original-march-on-washington-broadcast","authors":["80"],"programs":["news_6944"],"tags":["news_4750","news_4762","news_2162"],"featImg":"news_108873","label":"news_6944"},"news_108808":{"type":"posts","id":"news_108808","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"108808","score":null,"sort":[1377708680000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stanford-mlk-institute-director-on-american-ideals-vs-reality","title":"Stanford MLK Institute Director on American Ideals vs. Reality","publishDate":1377708680,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_108813\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-108813\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/08/mlk.jpg-300x204.jpg\" alt=\"Martin Luther King Jr. waves to supporters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on Aug 28,1963 during the March on Washington. (AFP/Getty Images} \" width=\"300\" height=\"204\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Martin Luther King Jr. waves to supporters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on Aug. 28,1963 during the March on Washington. (AFP/Getty Images}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For nearly 30 years, the Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute at Stanford has been dedicated to studying the civil rights leader's writings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayborne Carson was just 19 when he traveled from small-town New Mexico to Washington for the march. In 1985, Dr. King's widow chose him to edit and publish her late husband's papers. Today he's the director of the King institute. On this 50th anniversary of the March on Washington and King's famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech, KQED's Joshua Johnson talked to Carson about being at the event and the meaning of King's speech and legacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edited transcript...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joshua Johnson\u003c/strong>: What made you decide to make that cross-country journey and attend the march?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clayborne Carson\u003c/strong>: When I was growing up in a small town where there were three black families, most of my news about what was happening in the black world came from reports of this burgeoning movement that was going on in the South. Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks and Montgomery, and the four college students who ignited the sit-in movement in 1960, the Freedom Riders -- all of these people were role models for me. I saw they were pushing for change that I thought was long overdue, getting rid of the Jim Crow system in the South. \u003c!--more-->\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson\u003c/strong>: Talk about what it meant for you to just be around so many black people during the march ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carson\u003c/strong>: I had never seen that many black people in one location. And just to see all these people from all over the nation, some of them very well-dressed, women with their hats, and families. Then others from the Delta, in Mississippi, wearing their overalls, and the sharecroppers they worked with. All of this was seeing the range of black life, from the entertainers who were on the stage, Harry Belafonte, others. It was a turning point in my life.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>I know now that he was not really speaking to me and to other people in that crowd. He was actually speaking to Thomas Jefferson and the other founders of the Republic. And he was asking, \"When is this nation going to live up to the ideals that you expressed?\"\u003c/strong>\n\u003cp>--Clayborne Carson, Director, MLK Jr. Research Institute\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson\u003c/strong>: I understand about 55,000 whites attended the March on Washington?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carson\u003c/strong>: That was another thing that was very important, that this was not just a black movement. We had significant white support, and the religious groups that showed up, the labor groups. It was a very unique moment in American history when so many different forces came together. And they disagreed about so many things, but the one thing they agreed on was it was time for the Jim Crow system to end. That gave me encouragement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson\u003c/strong>: What's your most vivid image of either the march itself or the journey on the way to Washington?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carson\u003c/strong>: Much of the crowd was pretty sedate, singing \"We will overcome,\" carrying signs, marching very slowly. But I remember in particular the group from Mississippi, they just seemed to bring a lot of energy. I'd heard about Emmett Till, so I was somewhat afraid of what would it be like to be a black person in Mississippi. And when I saw them, and the spirit that they had, you know, I had a sense that Jim Crow was not going to stand up to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And obviously \u003ca href=\"http://www.crmvet.org/info/mowjl2.htm\" target=\"_blank\">John Lewis's speech\u003c/a>, as well as Martin Luther King's speech. John Lewis gave the most militant speech of the day. And I found out later from him that he had been asked to tone it down and had to make some changes in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson\u003c/strong>: What was it like being in the crowd?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carson\u003c/strong>: I remember I was distracted by so many different thoughts, you know, how was I going to get home. And yet I wanted to watch this person I'd heard about most of my life. Of course when you hear it, you don't know it's going to be a famous speech. As far as I knew, all Martin Luther King speeches were like that. It was only later that I even knew it had a name: the \"I Have a Dream\" speech. It was the concluding speech of a long day of speeches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think one of the reasons why I wrote a book that was published earlier this year, \"Martin's Dream,\" was I wanted to have a chapter where I had the perspective I had as a 19-year-old, and one where I was writing the autobiography of Martin Luther King. And the contrast between seeing him from my 19-year-old's eyes and seeing what he was thinking in the days before and as he was giving his speech, I think I really came closer to understanding why the speech was as great as it turned out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson\u003c/strong>: What would you say is your insight from that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carson\u003c/strong>: I think that he had been writing it all of his life. That he had always focused on this theme of the contrast between American ideals, as expressed in the Declaration of Independence, and American realities, especially for black Americans. So many of his speeches talked about that contrast, and that's deeply rooted in African-American history, going back to Frederick Douglass. So I know now that he was not really speaking to me and to other people in that crowd. He was actually speaking to Thomas Jefferson, and the other founders of the Republic. And he was asking, \"When is this nation going to live up to the ideals that you expressed?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he's carrying on a conversation with Lincoln, who also asked that same question about whether the American nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the ideal of equality, whether it could even endure. And Lincoln said, well, the other option is that there would be a new birth of freedom in this country. And I think King is saying the same thing with his dream. He is saying, if we live up to this ideal, here is my vision, here is my word picture for the kind of America that will exist once we make this decision as a nation that we're going to close the gulf between American ideals and the realities of its least fortunate citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson\u003c/strong>: What would you say is the one most important thing that future generations should always remember about the March on Washington and about that speech?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carson\u003c/strong>: I think you just need to listen carefully and understand that this gulf between ideals and reality is something that is always with us. We always have ideals that we shoot for, and certainly the ideal of universal human rights, that every person has inalienable rights of birth, is an ideal we don't yet live up to. But we need to use that ideal as a way of assessing how we should think about American realities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to me, that's the duty of every American, of asking that question. Because we justified this nation in the Declaration of Independence and said this is the reason we're having this revolution in this nation, because we believe in these ideals. So I think, more than any other nation, we have the responsibility to think about whether we are closing that gulf or is that gulf getting larger and larger?\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1377727669,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1285},"headData":{"title":"Stanford MLK Institute Director on American Ideals vs. Reality | KQED","description":"For nearly 30 years, the Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute at Stanford has been dedicated to studying the civil rights leader's writings. Clayborne Carson was just 19 when he traveled from small-town New Mexico to Washington for the march. In 1985, Dr. King's widow chose him to edit and publish her late","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Stanford MLK Institute Director on American Ideals vs. Reality","datePublished":"2013-08-28T16:51:20.000Z","dateModified":"2013-08-28T22:07:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"108808 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=108808","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/28/stanford-mlk-institute-director-on-american-ideals-vs-reality/","disqusTitle":"Stanford MLK Institute Director on American Ideals vs. Reality","customPermalink":"2013/08/28/march_on_washington_history/","path":"/news/108808/stanford-mlk-institute-director-on-american-ideals-vs-reality","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_108813\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-108813\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/08/mlk.jpg-300x204.jpg\" alt=\"Martin Luther King Jr. waves to supporters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on Aug 28,1963 during the March on Washington. (AFP/Getty Images} \" width=\"300\" height=\"204\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Martin Luther King Jr. waves to supporters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on Aug. 28,1963 during the March on Washington. (AFP/Getty Images}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For nearly 30 years, the Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute at Stanford has been dedicated to studying the civil rights leader's writings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayborne Carson was just 19 when he traveled from small-town New Mexico to Washington for the march. In 1985, Dr. King's widow chose him to edit and publish her late husband's papers. Today he's the director of the King institute. On this 50th anniversary of the March on Washington and King's famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech, KQED's Joshua Johnson talked to Carson about being at the event and the meaning of King's speech and legacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edited transcript...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joshua Johnson\u003c/strong>: What made you decide to make that cross-country journey and attend the march?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clayborne Carson\u003c/strong>: When I was growing up in a small town where there were three black families, most of my news about what was happening in the black world came from reports of this burgeoning movement that was going on in the South. Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks and Montgomery, and the four college students who ignited the sit-in movement in 1960, the Freedom Riders -- all of these people were role models for me. I saw they were pushing for change that I thought was long overdue, getting rid of the Jim Crow system in the South. \u003c!--more-->\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson\u003c/strong>: Talk about what it meant for you to just be around so many black people during the march ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carson\u003c/strong>: I had never seen that many black people in one location. And just to see all these people from all over the nation, some of them very well-dressed, women with their hats, and families. Then others from the Delta, in Mississippi, wearing their overalls, and the sharecroppers they worked with. All of this was seeing the range of black life, from the entertainers who were on the stage, Harry Belafonte, others. It was a turning point in my life.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>I know now that he was not really speaking to me and to other people in that crowd. He was actually speaking to Thomas Jefferson and the other founders of the Republic. And he was asking, \"When is this nation going to live up to the ideals that you expressed?\"\u003c/strong>\n\u003cp>--Clayborne Carson, Director, MLK Jr. Research Institute\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson\u003c/strong>: I understand about 55,000 whites attended the March on Washington?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carson\u003c/strong>: That was another thing that was very important, that this was not just a black movement. We had significant white support, and the religious groups that showed up, the labor groups. It was a very unique moment in American history when so many different forces came together. And they disagreed about so many things, but the one thing they agreed on was it was time for the Jim Crow system to end. That gave me encouragement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson\u003c/strong>: What's your most vivid image of either the march itself or the journey on the way to Washington?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carson\u003c/strong>: Much of the crowd was pretty sedate, singing \"We will overcome,\" carrying signs, marching very slowly. But I remember in particular the group from Mississippi, they just seemed to bring a lot of energy. I'd heard about Emmett Till, so I was somewhat afraid of what would it be like to be a black person in Mississippi. And when I saw them, and the spirit that they had, you know, I had a sense that Jim Crow was not going to stand up to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And obviously \u003ca href=\"http://www.crmvet.org/info/mowjl2.htm\" target=\"_blank\">John Lewis's speech\u003c/a>, as well as Martin Luther King's speech. John Lewis gave the most militant speech of the day. And I found out later from him that he had been asked to tone it down and had to make some changes in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson\u003c/strong>: What was it like being in the crowd?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carson\u003c/strong>: I remember I was distracted by so many different thoughts, you know, how was I going to get home. And yet I wanted to watch this person I'd heard about most of my life. Of course when you hear it, you don't know it's going to be a famous speech. As far as I knew, all Martin Luther King speeches were like that. It was only later that I even knew it had a name: the \"I Have a Dream\" speech. It was the concluding speech of a long day of speeches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think one of the reasons why I wrote a book that was published earlier this year, \"Martin's Dream,\" was I wanted to have a chapter where I had the perspective I had as a 19-year-old, and one where I was writing the autobiography of Martin Luther King. And the contrast between seeing him from my 19-year-old's eyes and seeing what he was thinking in the days before and as he was giving his speech, I think I really came closer to understanding why the speech was as great as it turned out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson\u003c/strong>: What would you say is your insight from that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carson\u003c/strong>: I think that he had been writing it all of his life. That he had always focused on this theme of the contrast between American ideals, as expressed in the Declaration of Independence, and American realities, especially for black Americans. So many of his speeches talked about that contrast, and that's deeply rooted in African-American history, going back to Frederick Douglass. So I know now that he was not really speaking to me and to other people in that crowd. He was actually speaking to Thomas Jefferson, and the other founders of the Republic. And he was asking, \"When is this nation going to live up to the ideals that you expressed?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he's carrying on a conversation with Lincoln, who also asked that same question about whether the American nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the ideal of equality, whether it could even endure. And Lincoln said, well, the other option is that there would be a new birth of freedom in this country. And I think King is saying the same thing with his dream. He is saying, if we live up to this ideal, here is my vision, here is my word picture for the kind of America that will exist once we make this decision as a nation that we're going to close the gulf between American ideals and the realities of its least fortunate citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson\u003c/strong>: What would you say is the one most important thing that future generations should always remember about the March on Washington and about that speech?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carson\u003c/strong>: I think you just need to listen carefully and understand that this gulf between ideals and reality is something that is always with us. We always have ideals that we shoot for, and certainly the ideal of universal human rights, that every person has inalienable rights of birth, is an ideal we don't yet live up to. But we need to use that ideal as a way of assessing how we should think about American realities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to me, that's the duty of every American, of asking that question. Because we justified this nation in the Declaration of Independence and said this is the reason we're having this revolution in this nation, because we believe in these ideals. So I think, more than any other nation, we have the responsibility to think about whether we are closing that gulf or is that gulf getting larger and larger?\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/108808/stanford-mlk-institute-director-on-american-ideals-vs-reality","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_6944"],"tags":["news_4762","news_2162"],"featImg":"news_108813","label":"news_6944"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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