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Every week, she and cohost Scott Shafer sit down with political insiders on \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political Breakdown\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, where they offer a peek into lives and personalities of those driving politics in California and beyond. \u003c/span>\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Previously, she worked for nine years at the San Francisco Chronicle covering San Francisco City Hall and state politics; and at the San Francisco Examiner and Los Angeles Time,. She has won awards for her work investigating the 2017 wildfires and her ongoing coverage of criminal justice issues in California. She lives in San Francisco with her two sons and husband.\u003c/span>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a261a0d3696fc066871ef96b85b5e7d2?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"@mlagos","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Marisa Lagos | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a261a0d3696fc066871ef96b85b5e7d2?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a261a0d3696fc066871ef96b85b5e7d2?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mlagos"},"katewolffe":{"type":"authors","id":"11523","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11523","found":true},"name":"Kate Wolffe","firstName":"Kate","lastName":"Wolffe","slug":"katewolffe","email":"kwolffe@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Reporter + Weekend Host","bio":"Kate Wolffe reports on local Bay Area happenings for KQED, and hosts the news on weekend afternoons. She joined KQED in 2018 as an intern on the Forum team, before moving to cover topics ranging from politics to criminal justice to homelessness. A Bay Area native and UC Berkeley graduate, Kate loves to discover new corners of the region.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/22455f14db824a03ee252f73052fe939?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"katewolffe","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["author","edit_others_posts"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Kate Wolffe | KQED","description":"KQED Reporter + Weekend Host","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/22455f14db824a03ee252f73052fe939?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/22455f14db824a03ee252f73052fe939?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/katewolffe"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11905959":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11905959","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11905959","score":null,"sort":[1645411784000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"its-immoral-says-bay-area-lawyer-on-bidens-move-to-freeze-afghan-money-for-9-11-victims","title":"'It's Immoral' Says Bay Area Lawyer on Biden's Move to Distribute Afghan Money to 9/11 Victims","publishDate":1645411784,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>President Joe Biden signed an order on February 11 to free $7 billion in Afghan assets now frozen in the U.S., splitting the money between humanitarian aid for poverty-stricken Afghanistan and a fund for Sept. 11 victims still seeking relief for the terror attacks that killed thousands and shocked the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No money would immediately be released. But Biden’s order calls for banks to provide $3.5 billion of the frozen amount to a trust fund for distribution through humanitarian groups for Afghan relief and basic needs. The other $3.5 billion would stay in the U.S. to finance payments from lawsuits by U.S. victims of terrorism that are still working their way through the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasirilaw.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Spojmie Nasiri\u003c/a>, a Bay Area lawyer born in Afghanistan, was on a U.S. military base assisting Afghan evacuees when she first heard about the order. \"My response ... is that it's illegal, it's immoral. It's unconscionable for Biden to issue this executive order,\" she told KQED.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Spojmie Nasiri, lawyer\"]'This money doesn't belong to any government or any entity. In essence, that money belongs to the people of Afghanistan.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the money includes currencies and bonds that the United States and other Western countries had donated to Afghanistan in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My stand is that it's unconscionable, immoral, and I think it's going to be litigated ... This money doesn't belong to any government or any entity. In essence, that money belongs to the people of Afghanistan.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nasiri said the Afghan diaspora has the responsibility to fight this injustice. \"Afghan people are being robbed over, and over, and over again. This is sort of like the last punch in the gut for the Afghan people,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also emphasized that none of the people who hijacked airplanes during the September 11 terrorists attacks were Afghan. \"Afghanistan — the country as a whole were victims of Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>International funding to Afghanistan was suspended and billions of dollars of the country’s assets abroad, mostly in the United States, were frozen after the Taliban took control of the country in August as the U.S. military withdrew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s plan aims to resolve a complex situation in which the U.S. is sitting on billions owned by a country where there is no government it recognizes, with competing appeals for the money for the crying needs of the Afghan people, and for families still scarred by the 2001 attacks.[aside postID=\"forum_2010101887009,news_11898843,news_11900415\" label=\"Related Posts\"]Brett Eagleson, whose father, Bruce, died in the attack on the World Trade Center, said that though victims’ families support the distribution of a large portion of the funds to the Afghan people, the remaining funds should be distributed fairly among the families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything short of equitable treatment for and among the 9/11 families as it relates to these frozen assets is outrageous and will be seen as a betrayal” by the government, Eagleson said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department had signaled months ago that the administration was poised to intervene in a federal lawsuit filed by 9/11 victims and families in New York City. The deadline for that filing had been pushed back until Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The families in that case won a U.S. court judgment in 2012 against the Taliban and some other entities. But other victims’ relatives also have ongoing lawsuits over the attacks, and a New York-based lawyer for about 500 families urged Friday that all be on equal footing for the fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to take a lot of funds to provide monetary compensation, but we’ll never make these people whole. Never,” said attorney Jerry S. Goldman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afghanistan’s long-troubled economy has been in a tailspin since the Taliban takeover. Nearly 80% of the previous government’s budget came from the international community. That money, now cut off, financed hospitals, schools, factories and government ministries. Desperation for such basic necessities has been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic as well as health care shortages, drought and malnutrition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aid groups have warned of a looming humanitarian catastrophe. State employees, from doctors to teachers and administrative civil servants, haven’t been paid in months. Banks have restricted how much money account holders can withdraw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. courts where 9/11 victims have filed claims against the Taliban will have to take additional action for victims and families to be compensated from the $3.5 billion, deciding whether they have a claim, according to senior administration officials who briefed reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration is still working through details of setting up the trust fund, an effort the White House says likely will take months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because victims have ongoing legal claims on the $7 billion in the U.S. banking system, the courts would have to sign off before half the money for humanitarian assistance could be released to Afghanistan, the officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. launched the war in Afghanistan more than 20 years ago after then-Taliban leader Mullah Omar refused to hand over al-Qaida leader Osama bin Laden following the 9/11 attacks on the United States. Bin Laden, who was born in Saudi Arabia but had his citizenship revoked, relocated to Afghanistan after being expelled from Sudan in 1996.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taliban political spokesperson Mohammad Naeem criticized the Biden administration for not releasing all the funds to Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Stealing the blocked funds of Afghan nation by the United States of America and its seizure [of those funds] shows the lowest level of humanity ... of a country and a nation,” Naeem tweeted on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Taliban have called on the international community to release funds and help stave off a humanitarian disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration pushed back against criticism that all $7 billion — largely derived from donations by the U.S. and other nations to Afghanistan — should be released to Afghanistan, arguing that the 9/11 claimants under the U.S. legal system have a right to their day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afghanistan has more than $9 billion in reserves, including just over $7 billion in reserves held in the United States. The rest is largely in Germany, the United Arab Emirates and Switzerland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January the Taliban had managed to pay salaries of their ministries but were struggling to keep employees at work. They have promised to open schools for girls after the Afghan new year at the end of March, but humanitarian organizations say money is needed to pay teachers. Universities for women have reopened in several provinces with the Taliban saying the staggered opening will be completed by the end of February when all universities for women and men will open, a major concession to international demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, Afghans have been able to withdraw only $200 weekly and that only in Afghanis, not in U.S. currency. Afghanistan’s economy has teetered on the verge of collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United Nations last month issued an appeal for nearly $5 billion, its largest ever appeal for one country, estimating that nearly 90% of the country’s 38 million people were surviving below the poverty level of $1.90 a day. The U.N. also warned that upward of 1 million children risked starvation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.N. spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric said Friday night that the U.N. is “encouraged” by Biden’s executive order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s also important to reiterate that humanitarian assistance alone will be insufficient to meet the tremendous needs of Afghan women and men and children over the long term, and it is critical that the Afghan economy is able to restart in order for these needs of the Afghan people to be met with a sustainable and meaningful manner,” Dujarric said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Miliband, head of the International Rescue Committee, on Wednesday urged release of the funds to prevent famine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The humanitarian community did not choose the government, but that is no excuse to punish the people, and there is a middle course: to help the Afghan people without embracing the new government,” Miliband said at a Senate Judiciary subcommittee hearing on the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes additional reporting by KQED's Annelise Finney. Gannon reported from Kabul, Afghanistan. Associated Press writers Eric Tucker and Ellen Knickmeyer in Washington and Jennifer Peltz in New York contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A Bay Area lawyer weighs in on President Biden's signed order of February 11 to free $7 billion in Afghan assets now frozen in the U.S., splitting the money between humanitarian aid for Afghanistan and a fund for Sept. 11 victims and families.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1645561235,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1434},"headData":{"title":"'It's Immoral' Says Bay Area Lawyer on Biden's Move to Distribute Afghan Money to 9/11 Victims | KQED","description":"A Bay Area lawyer weighs in on President Biden's signed order of February 11 to free $7 billion in Afghan assets now frozen in the U.S., splitting the money between humanitarian aid for Afghanistan and a fund for Sept. 11 victims and families.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11905959 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11905959","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/02/20/its-immoral-says-bay-area-lawyer-on-bidens-move-to-freeze-afghan-money-for-9-11-victims/","disqusTitle":"'It's Immoral' Says Bay Area Lawyer on Biden's Move to Distribute Afghan Money to 9/11 Victims","nprByline":"Aamer Madhani and Kathy Gannon \u003cbr> Associated Press ","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11905959/its-immoral-says-bay-area-lawyer-on-bidens-move-to-freeze-afghan-money-for-9-11-victims","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Joe Biden signed an order on February 11 to free $7 billion in Afghan assets now frozen in the U.S., splitting the money between humanitarian aid for poverty-stricken Afghanistan and a fund for Sept. 11 victims still seeking relief for the terror attacks that killed thousands and shocked the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No money would immediately be released. But Biden’s order calls for banks to provide $3.5 billion of the frozen amount to a trust fund for distribution through humanitarian groups for Afghan relief and basic needs. The other $3.5 billion would stay in the U.S. to finance payments from lawsuits by U.S. victims of terrorism that are still working their way through the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasirilaw.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Spojmie Nasiri\u003c/a>, a Bay Area lawyer born in Afghanistan, was on a U.S. military base assisting Afghan evacuees when she first heard about the order. \"My response ... is that it's illegal, it's immoral. It's unconscionable for Biden to issue this executive order,\" she told KQED.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'This money doesn't belong to any government or any entity. In essence, that money belongs to the people of Afghanistan.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Spojmie Nasiri, lawyer","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the money includes currencies and bonds that the United States and other Western countries had donated to Afghanistan in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My stand is that it's unconscionable, immoral, and I think it's going to be litigated ... This money doesn't belong to any government or any entity. In essence, that money belongs to the people of Afghanistan.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nasiri said the Afghan diaspora has the responsibility to fight this injustice. \"Afghan people are being robbed over, and over, and over again. This is sort of like the last punch in the gut for the Afghan people,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also emphasized that none of the people who hijacked airplanes during the September 11 terrorists attacks were Afghan. \"Afghanistan — the country as a whole were victims of Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>International funding to Afghanistan was suspended and billions of dollars of the country’s assets abroad, mostly in the United States, were frozen after the Taliban took control of the country in August as the U.S. military withdrew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s plan aims to resolve a complex situation in which the U.S. is sitting on billions owned by a country where there is no government it recognizes, with competing appeals for the money for the crying needs of the Afghan people, and for families still scarred by the 2001 attacks.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"forum_2010101887009,news_11898843,news_11900415","label":"Related Posts "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Brett Eagleson, whose father, Bruce, died in the attack on the World Trade Center, said that though victims’ families support the distribution of a large portion of the funds to the Afghan people, the remaining funds should be distributed fairly among the families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything short of equitable treatment for and among the 9/11 families as it relates to these frozen assets is outrageous and will be seen as a betrayal” by the government, Eagleson said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department had signaled months ago that the administration was poised to intervene in a federal lawsuit filed by 9/11 victims and families in New York City. The deadline for that filing had been pushed back until Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The families in that case won a U.S. court judgment in 2012 against the Taliban and some other entities. But other victims’ relatives also have ongoing lawsuits over the attacks, and a New York-based lawyer for about 500 families urged Friday that all be on equal footing for the fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to take a lot of funds to provide monetary compensation, but we’ll never make these people whole. Never,” said attorney Jerry S. Goldman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afghanistan’s long-troubled economy has been in a tailspin since the Taliban takeover. Nearly 80% of the previous government’s budget came from the international community. That money, now cut off, financed hospitals, schools, factories and government ministries. Desperation for such basic necessities has been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic as well as health care shortages, drought and malnutrition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aid groups have warned of a looming humanitarian catastrophe. State employees, from doctors to teachers and administrative civil servants, haven’t been paid in months. Banks have restricted how much money account holders can withdraw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. courts where 9/11 victims have filed claims against the Taliban will have to take additional action for victims and families to be compensated from the $3.5 billion, deciding whether they have a claim, according to senior administration officials who briefed reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration is still working through details of setting up the trust fund, an effort the White House says likely will take months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because victims have ongoing legal claims on the $7 billion in the U.S. banking system, the courts would have to sign off before half the money for humanitarian assistance could be released to Afghanistan, the officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. launched the war in Afghanistan more than 20 years ago after then-Taliban leader Mullah Omar refused to hand over al-Qaida leader Osama bin Laden following the 9/11 attacks on the United States. Bin Laden, who was born in Saudi Arabia but had his citizenship revoked, relocated to Afghanistan after being expelled from Sudan in 1996.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taliban political spokesperson Mohammad Naeem criticized the Biden administration for not releasing all the funds to Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Stealing the blocked funds of Afghan nation by the United States of America and its seizure [of those funds] shows the lowest level of humanity ... of a country and a nation,” Naeem tweeted on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Taliban have called on the international community to release funds and help stave off a humanitarian disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration pushed back against criticism that all $7 billion — largely derived from donations by the U.S. and other nations to Afghanistan — should be released to Afghanistan, arguing that the 9/11 claimants under the U.S. legal system have a right to their day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afghanistan has more than $9 billion in reserves, including just over $7 billion in reserves held in the United States. The rest is largely in Germany, the United Arab Emirates and Switzerland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January the Taliban had managed to pay salaries of their ministries but were struggling to keep employees at work. They have promised to open schools for girls after the Afghan new year at the end of March, but humanitarian organizations say money is needed to pay teachers. Universities for women have reopened in several provinces with the Taliban saying the staggered opening will be completed by the end of February when all universities for women and men will open, a major concession to international demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, Afghans have been able to withdraw only $200 weekly and that only in Afghanis, not in U.S. currency. Afghanistan’s economy has teetered on the verge of collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United Nations last month issued an appeal for nearly $5 billion, its largest ever appeal for one country, estimating that nearly 90% of the country’s 38 million people were surviving below the poverty level of $1.90 a day. The U.N. also warned that upward of 1 million children risked starvation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.N. spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric said Friday night that the U.N. is “encouraged” by Biden’s executive order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s also important to reiterate that humanitarian assistance alone will be insufficient to meet the tremendous needs of Afghan women and men and children over the long term, and it is critical that the Afghan economy is able to restart in order for these needs of the Afghan people to be met with a sustainable and meaningful manner,” Dujarric said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Miliband, head of the International Rescue Committee, on Wednesday urged release of the funds to prevent famine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The humanitarian community did not choose the government, but that is no excuse to punish the people, and there is a middle course: to help the Afghan people without embracing the new government,” Miliband said at a Senate Judiciary subcommittee hearing on the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes additional reporting by KQED's Annelise Finney. Gannon reported from Kabul, Afghanistan. Associated Press writers Eric Tucker and Ellen Knickmeyer in Washington and Jennifer Peltz in New York contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11905959/its-immoral-says-bay-area-lawyer-on-bidens-move-to-freeze-afghan-money-for-9-11-victims","authors":["byline_news_11905959"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_1849","news_30165","news_19537","news_27919","news_21442","news_29844"],"featImg":"news_11905961","label":"news"},"news_11883318":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11883318","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11883318","score":null,"sort":[1627748911000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bacon-in-california-may-soon-be-more-hard-to-find-as-pig-rules-take-effect","title":"Bacon in California May Soon Be More Hard to Find as Pig Rules Take Effect","publishDate":1627748911,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Thanks to a reworked menu and long hours, Jeannie Kim managed to keep her San Francisco restaurant alive during the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes it all the more frustrating that she fears her breakfast-focused diner could be ruined within months by new rules that could make one of her top menu items — bacon — hard to get in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our number one seller is bacon, eggs and hash browns,” said Kim, who for 15 years has run SAMS American Eatery on the city’s busy Market Street. “It could be devastating for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of next year, California will begin enforcing an animal welfare proposition approved overwhelmingly by voters in 2018 that requires more space for breeding pigs, egg-laying chickens and veal calves. National veal and egg producers are optimistic they can meet the new standards, but only 4% of hog operations now comply with the new rules. Unless the courts intervene or the state temporarily allows non-compliant meat to be sold in the state, California will lose almost all of its pork supply, much of which comes from Iowa, and pork producers will face higher costs to regain a key market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Animal welfare organizations for years have been pushing for more humane treatment of farm animals but the California rules could be a rare case of consumers clearly paying a price for their beliefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With little time left to build new facilities, inseminate sows and process the offspring by January, it’s hard to see how the pork industry can adequately supply California, which consumes roughly 15% of all pork produced in the country. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Matt Sutton, public policy director for the California Restaurant Association\"]'We are very concerned about the potential supply impacts and therefore cost increases.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very concerned about the potential supply impacts and therefore cost increases,” said Matt Sutton, the public policy director for the California Restaurant Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s restaurants and groceries use about 255 million pounds of pork a month, but its farms produce only 45 million pounds, according to Rabobank, a global food and agriculture financial services company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Pork Producers Council has asked the U.S. Department of Agriculture for federal aid to help pay for retrofitting hog facilities around the nation to fill the gap. Hog farmers said they haven’t complied because of the cost and because California hasn’t yet issued formal regulations on how the new standards will be administered and enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barry Goodwin, an economist at North Carolina State University, estimated the extra costs at 15% more per animal for a farm with 1,000 breeding pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If half the pork supply was suddenly lost in California, bacon prices would jump 60%, meaning a $6 package would rise to about $9.60, according to a study by the Hatamiya Group, a consulting firm hired by opponents of the state proposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one typical hog farm in Iowa, sows are kept in open-air crates measuring 14-square-feet when they join a herd and then for a week as part of the insemination process before moving to larger, roughly 20-square foot group pens with other hogs. Both are less than the 24 square feet required by the California law to give breeding pigs enough room to turn around and to extend their limbs. Other operations keep sows in the crates nearly all of the time, thus also wouldn’t be in compliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Food and Agriculture said that although the detailed regulations aren’t finished, the key rules about space have been known for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is important to note that the law itself cannot be changed by regulations and the law has been in place since the Farm Animal Confinement Proposition (Prop 12) passed by a wide margin in 2018,” the agency said in response to questions from the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pork industry has filed lawsuits but so far courts have supported the California law. The National Pork Producers Council and a coalition of California restaurants and business groups have asked Gov. Gavin Newsom to delay the new requirements. The council also is holding out hope that meat already in the supply chain could be sold, potentially delaying shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josh Balk, who leads farm animal protection efforts at the Humane Society of the United States, said the pork industry should accept the overwhelming view of Californians who want animals treated more humanely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why are pork producers constantly trying to overturn laws relating to cruelty to animals?” Balk asked. “It says something about the pork industry when it seems its business operandi is to lose at the ballot when they try to defend the practices and then when animal cruelty laws are passed, to try to overturn them.” [aside tag=\"food, animal-rights\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Iowa, which raises about one-third of the nation’s hogs, farmer Dwight Mogler estimates the changes would cost him $3 million and allow room for 250 pigs in a space that now holds 300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To afford the expense, Mogler said, he’d need to earn an extra $20 per pig and so far, processors are offering far less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question to us is, if we do these changes, what is the next change going to be in the rules two years, three years, five years ahead?” Mogler asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California rules also create a challenge for slaughterhouses, which now may send different cuts of a single hog to locations around the nation and to other countries. Processors will need to design new systems to track California-compliant hogs and separate those premium cuts from standard pork that can serve the rest of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least initially, analysts predict that even as California pork prices soar, customers elsewhere in the country will see little difference. Eventually, California’s new rules could become a national standard because processors can’t afford to ignore the market in such a large state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim, the San Francisco restaurant owner, said she survived the pandemic by paring back her menu, driving hundreds of miles herself through the Bay Area to deliver food and reducing staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim, who is Korean-American, said she’s especially worried for small restaurants whose customers can’t afford big price increases and that specialize in Asian and Hispanic dishes that typically include pork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, I work and live with a lot of Asian and Hispanic populations in the city and their diet consists of pork. Pork is huge,” Kim said. “It’s almost like bread and butter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writers David Pitt in Des Moines, Iowa, and Stephen Groves in Alvord, Iowa, contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Animal welfare organizations for years have been pushing for more humane treatment of farm animals but the California rules could be a rare case of consumers clearly paying a price for their beliefs.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1627748911,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1156},"headData":{"title":"Bacon in California May Soon Be More Hard to Find as Pig Rules Take Effect | KQED","description":"Animal welfare organizations for years have been pushing for more humane treatment of farm animals but the California rules could be a rare case of consumers clearly paying a price for their beliefs.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11883318 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11883318","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/07/31/bacon-in-california-may-soon-be-more-hard-to-find-as-pig-rules-take-effect/","disqusTitle":"Bacon in California May Soon Be More Hard to Find as Pig Rules Take Effect","nprByline":"Scott McFetridge \u003cbr> Associated Press","path":"/news/11883318/bacon-in-california-may-soon-be-more-hard-to-find-as-pig-rules-take-effect","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Thanks to a reworked menu and long hours, Jeannie Kim managed to keep her San Francisco restaurant alive during the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes it all the more frustrating that she fears her breakfast-focused diner could be ruined within months by new rules that could make one of her top menu items — bacon — hard to get in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our number one seller is bacon, eggs and hash browns,” said Kim, who for 15 years has run SAMS American Eatery on the city’s busy Market Street. “It could be devastating for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of next year, California will begin enforcing an animal welfare proposition approved overwhelmingly by voters in 2018 that requires more space for breeding pigs, egg-laying chickens and veal calves. National veal and egg producers are optimistic they can meet the new standards, but only 4% of hog operations now comply with the new rules. Unless the courts intervene or the state temporarily allows non-compliant meat to be sold in the state, California will lose almost all of its pork supply, much of which comes from Iowa, and pork producers will face higher costs to regain a key market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Animal welfare organizations for years have been pushing for more humane treatment of farm animals but the California rules could be a rare case of consumers clearly paying a price for their beliefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With little time left to build new facilities, inseminate sows and process the offspring by January, it’s hard to see how the pork industry can adequately supply California, which consumes roughly 15% of all pork produced in the country. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We are very concerned about the potential supply impacts and therefore cost increases.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Matt Sutton, public policy director for the California Restaurant Association","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very concerned about the potential supply impacts and therefore cost increases,” said Matt Sutton, the public policy director for the California Restaurant Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s restaurants and groceries use about 255 million pounds of pork a month, but its farms produce only 45 million pounds, according to Rabobank, a global food and agriculture financial services company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Pork Producers Council has asked the U.S. Department of Agriculture for federal aid to help pay for retrofitting hog facilities around the nation to fill the gap. Hog farmers said they haven’t complied because of the cost and because California hasn’t yet issued formal regulations on how the new standards will be administered and enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barry Goodwin, an economist at North Carolina State University, estimated the extra costs at 15% more per animal for a farm with 1,000 breeding pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If half the pork supply was suddenly lost in California, bacon prices would jump 60%, meaning a $6 package would rise to about $9.60, according to a study by the Hatamiya Group, a consulting firm hired by opponents of the state proposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one typical hog farm in Iowa, sows are kept in open-air crates measuring 14-square-feet when they join a herd and then for a week as part of the insemination process before moving to larger, roughly 20-square foot group pens with other hogs. Both are less than the 24 square feet required by the California law to give breeding pigs enough room to turn around and to extend their limbs. Other operations keep sows in the crates nearly all of the time, thus also wouldn’t be in compliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Food and Agriculture said that although the detailed regulations aren’t finished, the key rules about space have been known for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is important to note that the law itself cannot be changed by regulations and the law has been in place since the Farm Animal Confinement Proposition (Prop 12) passed by a wide margin in 2018,” the agency said in response to questions from the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pork industry has filed lawsuits but so far courts have supported the California law. The National Pork Producers Council and a coalition of California restaurants and business groups have asked Gov. Gavin Newsom to delay the new requirements. The council also is holding out hope that meat already in the supply chain could be sold, potentially delaying shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josh Balk, who leads farm animal protection efforts at the Humane Society of the United States, said the pork industry should accept the overwhelming view of Californians who want animals treated more humanely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why are pork producers constantly trying to overturn laws relating to cruelty to animals?” Balk asked. “It says something about the pork industry when it seems its business operandi is to lose at the ballot when they try to defend the practices and then when animal cruelty laws are passed, to try to overturn them.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"food, animal-rights","label":"More Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Iowa, which raises about one-third of the nation’s hogs, farmer Dwight Mogler estimates the changes would cost him $3 million and allow room for 250 pigs in a space that now holds 300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To afford the expense, Mogler said, he’d need to earn an extra $20 per pig and so far, processors are offering far less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question to us is, if we do these changes, what is the next change going to be in the rules two years, three years, five years ahead?” Mogler asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California rules also create a challenge for slaughterhouses, which now may send different cuts of a single hog to locations around the nation and to other countries. Processors will need to design new systems to track California-compliant hogs and separate those premium cuts from standard pork that can serve the rest of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least initially, analysts predict that even as California pork prices soar, customers elsewhere in the country will see little difference. Eventually, California’s new rules could become a national standard because processors can’t afford to ignore the market in such a large state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim, the San Francisco restaurant owner, said she survived the pandemic by paring back her menu, driving hundreds of miles herself through the Bay Area to deliver food and reducing staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim, who is Korean-American, said she’s especially worried for small restaurants whose customers can’t afford big price increases and that specialize in Asian and Hispanic dishes that typically include pork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, I work and live with a lot of Asian and Hispanic populations in the city and their diet consists of pork. Pork is huge,” Kim said. “It’s almost like bread and butter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writers David Pitt in Des Moines, Iowa, and Stephen Groves in Alvord, Iowa, contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11883318/bacon-in-california-may-soon-be-more-hard-to-find-as-pig-rules-take-effect","authors":["byline_news_11883318"],"categories":["news_24114","news_457","news_8","news_13","news_356"],"tags":["news_2549","news_21825","news_29743","news_29745","news_18538","news_21442","news_29744"],"featImg":"news_11883319","label":"news"},"news_11877153":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11877153","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11877153","score":null,"sort":[1623195302000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"in-absentia-zero-latino-judges-in-these-majority-latino-california-counties","title":"In Absentia: Zero Latino Judges in These Majority-Latino California Counties","publishDate":1623195302,"format":"image","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Outside the Colusa County Courthouse Annex, 21-year-old Lorenzo Acosta takes a few puffs from his vape cartridge to calm himself before walking into court to support a friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acosta acknowledges he’s been “in the system,” so he knows how it all works here. He knows the police, the public defenders, the judge who, he says, hands out extended lectures. But Acosta has never before realized one of the most glaring facts about the local bench of judges who help determine people’s punishments:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Colusa County, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/colusacountycalifornia/PST045219\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">where 60% of the population is Latino\u003c/a>, both of the Superior Court judges — who handle everything from disorderly conduct to murder trials — are white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His eyes widen. “That’s crazy, for real? Deadass?” he asks. Then he slowly shakes his head. “Actually, thinking about it now, I’ve only seen white judges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coulsa is one of four \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/mercedcountycalifornia,maderacountycalifornia,kingscountycalifornia,colusacountycalifornia/RHI725219\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">majority-Latino California counties\u003c/a> — along with Kings, Madera, and Merced — with no Latino judges in any superior courtrooms. Latino representation on the bench in three of those counties has not improved much since the state began collecting judicial diversity data 14 years ago. And the fourth, Kings — which had one Latino judge in 2007 — is back down to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11877169\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11877169\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_01-800x567.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_01-800x567.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_01-1020x723.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_01-160x113.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_01.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">'Actually, thinking about it now, I’ve only seen white judges,' says Lorenzo Acosta. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t have expected it to be that bad,” said Lisa Pruitt, a law professor at the University of California, Davis who helped with the state’s research on attorney access in rural California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 13 other California counties, there’s a gap of 30 percentage points or more between the percentage of Latinos in the population and the percentage of Latino judges. The gaps tend to be greatest in the Central Valley, but also include counties such as Los Angeles, Monterey and San Bernardino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, the focus on fairness and equity within the criminal justice system has been \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2019/08/californias-new-police-law-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">on policing\u003c/a>, with far less scrutiny to the component of the justice system that wields vast power over attorneys, defendants and how cases are viewed by juries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judges “often set rules for how the courts across the state or across the county will decide certain cases or how they’ll treat parties before them,” said Douglas Keith, an attorney for the Brennan Center for Justice, a progressive think tank on law and policy. “Who sits on these benches can have a significant impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2021/03/california-judges-diversity-gaps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bench representation\u003c/a> is worse for Latinos than any other racial group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And such disparities can have effects that ripple through individual lives and entire communities. \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanbarfoundation.org/uploads/cms/documents/weinberg_nielsen_-_examining_empathy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Research indicates\u003c/a> that racially diverse judges and women judges tend to assess certain cases differently, on average, from their white and male counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while roughly 60% of white and Asian-Americans felt \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/4_37pubtrust1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California county courts\u003c/a> were fair over half the time, only about 40% of Latinos felt the same, according to a study commissioned by the California Judicial Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 1050px;\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/6368028/embed?auto=1\" height=\"1050\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How has this situation persisted in some California counties? One clear factor is a lack of practicing Latino attorneys in the area — the pool from which judicial appointments are drawn. Others cite the appointments process itself — blaming a good ‘ole boy appointments system that, until recently, was shrouded in secrecy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, years of planning and programs aimed at \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2021/03/california-judges-diversity-gaps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">diversifying the bench\u003c/a> have yielded exceptional results in some counties, decent results in others, and whites-only benches in a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are roughly 1,600 superior court judges throughout California. The State Bar, the Hispanic Bar Association and the California Association of Black Lawyers have sounded the alarm about a lack of \u003ca href=\"http://calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/caf/2006_Diversity-Pipeline-Report.pdf?ver=2017-05-19-133238-773\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">diversity on the bench\u003c/a> for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/13418.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state began releasing judicial diversity data\u003c/a> in 2007, the number of Latino trial court judges, statewide, \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/2021-JO-Demographic-Data.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">has nearly doubled\u003c/a>, going from 96 to 184. Although the percentage of white judges has dropped a bit, they still make up \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/2021-JO-Demographic-Data.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than 60% of all trial court judges in California\u003c/a>, as they did 14 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While adding people from different backgrounds and life experiences can lead to litigants feeling more trustful of the judicial system, it’s not the only reason diversity is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11877228\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11877228\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1024px-Sonia_Sotomayor_in_SCOTUS_robe.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1024px-Sonia_Sotomayor_in_SCOTUS_robe.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1024px-Sonia_Sotomayor_in_SCOTUS_robe-160x200.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor has noted the perspective a Latina justice might bring to the bench. \u003ccite>(Steve Petteway/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s been more than a decade since then-President Barack Obama named to the U.S. Supreme Court a New Yorker, Sonia Sotomayor, who had famously — and controversially — said at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2009/05/sotomayors_wise_latina_line_ma.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UC Berkeley symposium\u003c/a>: “I would hope that a wise Latina woman with the richness of her experiences would more often than not reach a better conclusion than a white male who hasn’t lived that life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several studies have attempted to tease out the \u003ca href=\"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051617-090650\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">link between a judge’s race or ethnicity and that judge’s rulings and sentencing behavior\u003c/a>. The reported results have been \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1532673X19867052?journalCode=aprb&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mixed\u003c/a> — perhaps reflecting the interplay of a variety of factors that correlate to race and ethnicity, including political ideology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://politicalscience.yale.edu/people/allison-harris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yale University professor Allison Harris’\u003c/a> research into Chicago’s Cook County found that having Black judges around made white judges more fair and led to sentencing equity for Black and white defendants. Among her conclusions: “increasing the number of judges who look like the majority of defendants could reduce those defendants’ likelihood of being imprisoned.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study published by the American Bar Foundation found that \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanbarfoundation.org/uploads/cms/documents/weinberg_nielsen_-_examining_empathy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">having a diverse bench can also affect judicial outcomes\u003c/a>: Researchers discovered that white judges dismissed 61% of federal cases in which employees alleged workplace discrimination, while judges of color dismissed a dramatically lower 38%. White judges also were particularly more likely to dismiss cases involving minority plaintiffs than those involving white plaintiffs. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Felicia Espinosa, Advocacy Director For Root & Rebound\"]'It is ... intimidating. It is infuriating. It is not shocking.”[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to think of the law as kind of interchangeable and they just apply the law to the facts, but that’s not what all judges are doing,” said \u003ca href=\"https://sociology.northwestern.edu/people/faculty/core/laura-beth-nielsen.html#:~:text=Professor%20Nielsen's%20research%20focuses%20on,race%2C%20gender%2C%20and%20class.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Northwestern University Law professor Laura Beth Nielsen,\u003c/a> who conducted the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another \u003ca href=\"https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1691&context=facpub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cornell Law School study of implicit bias among trial court judges\u003c/a>, researchers presented several hypothetical cases and found that judges, like most people, have implicit biases that can affect their judgement. The study also found that judges can suppress those unconscious biases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What may be research fodder for academics is palpable for attorneys, plaintiffs and defendants when they walk into a courtroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is…intimidating. It is infuriating. It is not shocking,” said Felicia Espinosa, describing what it feels like to be the only Latina attorney in court. She works in Fresno, where she’s one of \u003ca href=\"https://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/accessJustice/Attorney-Desert-Policy-Brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">roughly 2,200 attorneys in the county\u003c/a> for a population of nearly 1 million, according to data from the California State Bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m both dealing with my own internal feelings and thinking about my client and how it impacts them,” said Espinosa, advocacy director for \u003ca href=\"https://www.rootandrebound.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Roots and Rebound\u003c/a>, which offers legal aid for people who were once in jail or prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Along the hour drive from Sacramento to Colusa, rows of nut trees and farmland line Lone Star Road leading into town. Dotted with rice fields, almond trees and small farmworker communities, this small county grows about \u003ca href=\"https://www.countyofcolusa.org/DocumentCenter/View/12901/2019-Crop-Report?bidId=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$1 billion worth of food a year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town’s square has the feel of an old Western town with a touch of the plantation. That’s not an exaggeration: The towering courthouse, built in 1861, reflects the county’s heritage from the “ANTE-BELLUM SOUTH AND STATES RIGHTS SYMPATHIES DURING THE CIVIL WAR,” according to \u003ca href=\"https://ohp.parks.ca.gov/ListedResources/Detail/890\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a plaque added to the building\u003c/a> in 1976. It stood in for a Deep South courthouse in the 1962 classic film “To Kill a Mockingbird.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every week hundreds of people file into the courthouse for traffic court, land titles and the like. A couple of blocks away, outfitted with metal detectors and x-ray machines, the Annex is where many criminal cases are heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11877195\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11877195\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_08-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_08-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_08-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_08-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_08.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">American flags hang from many of the homes in Colusa. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From morning to afternoon in these COVID-affected days, dozens of mask-wearing litigants and their supporters wait in small wooden chairs, distanced by more chairs and plastic partitions, for their chance to address the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Case by case, individuals rise to speak. Often their eyes dart around, looking for the court interpreter who dashes over to translate the legal jargon into Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“¿Podría repetir la pregunta? No entiendo lo que quieres decir,” one defendant implores the judge through interpreter Juanita Ulloa — asking if a question could be repeated because he didn’t understand it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just beyond Ulloa, photos hang along the wall, marking a time in history when the bench was filled with white men. Things have changed a little since then. \u003ca href=\"https://www.appeal-democrat.com/first-woman-colusa-county-judge-sworn-in/article_1eb0f5bc-be15-5792-8b09-4650fcc6c625.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Colusa County welcomed its first woman judge in 2010\u003c/a>, an appointment by then-Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger. But the bench has not caught up to the county’s demographics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always noticed that there were always white judges, white lawyers,” said Jessica Lopez, 32, of Williams, at the Colusa Annex to fight what she termed “a few” pending cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Of course it’s impossible to diversify the bench unless there are qualified Latino attorneys in these areas willing to trade in their briefcases for gavels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a state where Latinos make up 40% of the population — outnumbering all other groups — only 7% of \u003ca href=\"http://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/reports/State-Bar-Annual-Diversity-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California’s practicing attorneys are Latino\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/f023fcff-fab2-49b8-a570-6442c8076847?src=embed\" title=\"Latino judges in the State Bar\" width=\"550\" height=\"750\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond its metropolitan areas, \u003ca href=\"https://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/accessJustice/Attorney-Desert-Policy-Brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">large swaths of California have too few attorneys to represent their population size\u003c/a>. This has fueled attorney deserts where clients and attorneys have to travel miles and miles for meetings and court proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Bar Association data doesn’t break down the number of practicing attorneys in an area by race or ethnicity, making it impossible to pinpoint gaps where lawyers of color — and thus potential judges — are in short supply. Several Latino attorneys would not speak to CalMatters on-the-record because they’re only “a few of us,” said one Latino attorney who often appears in several different counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s obviously a problem,” said Pruitt, the UC Davis law professor. “It is probably related to the fact that there’s a deficit of attorneys and probably a deficit of Latinx attorneys in those areas. A lot of law students are just not interested in going and working in rural California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>It’s around noon when criminal defense attorney Roberto Marquez parks and heads inside a Colusa courtroom, positioning himself in the back and pacing back and forth between his client and the prosecutor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As soon as he finishes addressing the court on behalf of his client, Marquez grabs his things and heads out the door — on to his next stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, I’m in Colusa County, this morning I was in Yuba, and tomorrow, I’ll be who knows where,” Marquez explains later, his cell phone connection sputtering as he travels the rural roads to his next meeting. For more than 30 years, he has traveled as north as Butte County and as south as Sacramento County defending clients. He says he used to think about becoming a judge, but that now is a distant memory and he no longer feels a desire for judicial robes, having grown to love traveling a wide territory as a criminal defense attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s also not convinced more Latino judges would affect his cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t need (judges) to be Hispanic, white, Brown, Black or whatever,” said Marquez. “I just need them to be smart and follow the law, and I feel like I practice in front of some smart, fair-minded judges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Most Superior Court judges first get the job because the governor appoints them after a sitting judge retires. \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/California_Judicial_Branch.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The requirements:\u003c/a> have at least 10 years’ experience practicing law, and submit a formal application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"http://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/reports/JNE-Demographics-Report-2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">14% of state judicial candidates applicants were Latino\u003c/a>. Deciding to leave practicing for judging is a difficult decision that can take a decade’s worth of planning, and some worry about a lack of Latino attorneys to back-fill them if they become judges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px;\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/6344486/embed?auto=1\" height=\"600\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, judicial applicants had to know someone who knew someone to pitch themselves to regional Judicial Selection Advisory Committees, all composed of local attorneys and judges. These committees, the conduit to the governor’s office, have the power to make or break a judicial appointment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee members were secret under former governors Arnold Schwarzenegger and Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was an obstacle course,” said Judge Juan Ulloa, a judge in Imperial County, who once applied for a judicial appointment. “It was very political, very secret. People were able to make anonymous comments.” [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Juan Ulloa, Imperial County Judge\"]'It was an obstacle course. It was very political, very secret.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However secretive the meetings were, comments about certain women applicants being “too difficult to work with” or applicants of color “not being hardworking and not seeking out challenging court assignments,” made their way around the judicial circles and often back to applicants, said retired Judge Brenda Harbin-Forte, who once spearheaded the state’s efforts to diversify the bench.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was told, ‘This lawyer says that you’re not qualified because you’re biased against people with money and property holders’,” said Ulloa, who once worked as a legal aid attorney. It didn’t take long, he said, for him to get the message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in 2019, Gov. Gavin Newsom lifted the veil, sharing the names of the state committee members. It didn’t require new laws or executive orders, and for the first time, Californians could see who was helping select \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/06/26/in-historic-move-for-transparency-governor-newsom-opens-judicial-selection-advisory-committees-to-identify-next-generation-of-california-judges/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">appointed judges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people of our state have little insight on the process by which judges are chosen, it is only fair that the public knows who is helping to select the people who will serve them,” said Newsom, whose own father had been one of the judges appointed by then-Gov. Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newfound transparency, however, didn’t extend to local bar associations, several of which are contracted with the governor’s office to evaluate judicial candidates. Local bar associations are not required to disclose who is on their evaluation committees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11877194\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11877194\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_16-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"The Burchfield primary school marquee written in Spanish and English informing parents to call the school office to make a kindergarten entrance exam appointment in Colusa.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_16-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_16-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_16-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_16.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Burchfield primary school marquee written in Spanish and English informing parents to call the school office to make a kindergarten entrance exam appointment in Colusa. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In California, judicial appointments eventually face elections once their terms expire. While California Supreme Court and Courts of Appeal justices serve 12-year terms, Superior Court terms are six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the overwhelming majority of state Superior Court judges are appointed, the state constitution also allows qualified attorneys to run against a Superior Court judge who’s up for election. Absent that rare challenge, Superior Court judges are unopposed and their names do not appear on the ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the four counties that have no Latino judges, former Democratic Gov. Brown appointed a total of seven judges during his second tenure. Just one was a person of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet statewide, Brown made greater strides, with \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190327212457/https://www.ca.gov/archive/gov39/2019/01/03/governor-brown-swears-in-justice-groban-to-california-supreme-court-releases-judicial-appointment-data/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">16% of his appointments being Latinos\u003c/a>. So far, \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/03/01/governor-newsom-releases-2020-judicial-appointment-data/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">18% of Newsom’s judicial appointments\u003c/a> have gone to Latinos. 11% of former \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/partners/documents/gov-2010appdata.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger’s appointees were Latinos\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because challenges can happen, governors have to consider whether their appointees can withstand one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After being appointed by Brown in 2018, Judge Monique Langhorne, a Black woman, faced an opponent in last year’s election — the first challenge to a sitting Napa County judge in three decades. “I’d never run in an election. None of the sitting judges here had ever run in an election, and I didn’t know who I could lean on to learn what to do,” she told the Napa Valley Register. \u003ca href=\"https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/monique-langhorne-wins-napa-county-s-first-election-for-judge-s-seat-since-1980s/article_6426a270-f15b-5a64-a191-fe0dec9eb699.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">She retained her judgeship\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However uncommon, judges become politicians when they face a challenge — seeking campaign donations and votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while a governor may make diversity a tenet for judicial appointments, local voters may have different priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As researchers and politicians iron out what diversity on the courts mean and how the state should get there, residents who appear before judges are often left shrugging their shoulders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s just the way it is. I’ve been in the court system since I was 16, and they’ve all been white,” said a 28-year-old Latino before he gets into his black pickup and drives away from the Colusa courthouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve only seen a Latino judge on TV.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Graphics by Liliana Michelena\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"While four mostly Latino counties lack any Latino Superior Court judges, another 13 counties have a more than 30 point gap between the percentage of Latinos in the population and on the bench. Here’s what that means.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1623288203,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/6368028/embed","https://e.infogram.com/f023fcff-fab2-49b8-a570-6442c8076847","https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/6344486/embed"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":70,"wordCount":2918},"headData":{"title":"In Absentia: Zero Latino Judges in These Majority-Latino California Counties | KQED","description":"While four mostly Latino counties lack any Latino Superior Court judges, another 13 counties have a more than 30 point gap between the percentage of Latinos in the population and on the bench. Here’s what that means.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11877153 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11877153","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/06/08/in-absentia-zero-latino-judges-in-these-majority-latino-california-counties/","disqusTitle":"In Absentia: Zero Latino Judges in These Majority-Latino California Counties","source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2021/06/NavarroLatinoJudgeDisparity.mp3","nprByline":"Byrhonda Lyons","path":"/news/11877153/in-absentia-zero-latino-judges-in-these-majority-latino-california-counties","audioDuration":224000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Outside the Colusa County Courthouse Annex, 21-year-old Lorenzo Acosta takes a few puffs from his vape cartridge to calm himself before walking into court to support a friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acosta acknowledges he’s been “in the system,” so he knows how it all works here. He knows the police, the public defenders, the judge who, he says, hands out extended lectures. But Acosta has never before realized one of the most glaring facts about the local bench of judges who help determine people’s punishments:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Colusa County, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/colusacountycalifornia/PST045219\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">where 60% of the population is Latino\u003c/a>, both of the Superior Court judges — who handle everything from disorderly conduct to murder trials — are white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His eyes widen. “That’s crazy, for real? Deadass?” he asks. Then he slowly shakes his head. “Actually, thinking about it now, I’ve only seen white judges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coulsa is one of four \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/mercedcountycalifornia,maderacountycalifornia,kingscountycalifornia,colusacountycalifornia/RHI725219\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">majority-Latino California counties\u003c/a> — along with Kings, Madera, and Merced — with no Latino judges in any superior courtrooms. Latino representation on the bench in three of those counties has not improved much since the state began collecting judicial diversity data 14 years ago. And the fourth, Kings — which had one Latino judge in 2007 — is back down to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11877169\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11877169\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_01-800x567.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_01-800x567.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_01-1020x723.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_01-160x113.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_01.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">'Actually, thinking about it now, I’ve only seen white judges,' says Lorenzo Acosta. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t have expected it to be that bad,” said Lisa Pruitt, a law professor at the University of California, Davis who helped with the state’s research on attorney access in rural California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 13 other California counties, there’s a gap of 30 percentage points or more between the percentage of Latinos in the population and the percentage of Latino judges. The gaps tend to be greatest in the Central Valley, but also include counties such as Los Angeles, Monterey and San Bernardino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, the focus on fairness and equity within the criminal justice system has been \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2019/08/californias-new-police-law-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">on policing\u003c/a>, with far less scrutiny to the component of the justice system that wields vast power over attorneys, defendants and how cases are viewed by juries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judges “often set rules for how the courts across the state or across the county will decide certain cases or how they’ll treat parties before them,” said Douglas Keith, an attorney for the Brennan Center for Justice, a progressive think tank on law and policy. “Who sits on these benches can have a significant impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2021/03/california-judges-diversity-gaps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bench representation\u003c/a> is worse for Latinos than any other racial group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And such disparities can have effects that ripple through individual lives and entire communities. \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanbarfoundation.org/uploads/cms/documents/weinberg_nielsen_-_examining_empathy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Research indicates\u003c/a> that racially diverse judges and women judges tend to assess certain cases differently, on average, from their white and male counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while roughly 60% of white and Asian-Americans felt \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/4_37pubtrust1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California county courts\u003c/a> were fair over half the time, only about 40% of Latinos felt the same, according to a study commissioned by the California Judicial Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 1050px;\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/6368028/embed?auto=1\" height=\"1050\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How has this situation persisted in some California counties? One clear factor is a lack of practicing Latino attorneys in the area — the pool from which judicial appointments are drawn. Others cite the appointments process itself — blaming a good ‘ole boy appointments system that, until recently, was shrouded in secrecy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, years of planning and programs aimed at \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2021/03/california-judges-diversity-gaps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">diversifying the bench\u003c/a> have yielded exceptional results in some counties, decent results in others, and whites-only benches in a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are roughly 1,600 superior court judges throughout California. The State Bar, the Hispanic Bar Association and the California Association of Black Lawyers have sounded the alarm about a lack of \u003ca href=\"http://calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/caf/2006_Diversity-Pipeline-Report.pdf?ver=2017-05-19-133238-773\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">diversity on the bench\u003c/a> for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/13418.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state began releasing judicial diversity data\u003c/a> in 2007, the number of Latino trial court judges, statewide, \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/2021-JO-Demographic-Data.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">has nearly doubled\u003c/a>, going from 96 to 184. Although the percentage of white judges has dropped a bit, they still make up \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/2021-JO-Demographic-Data.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than 60% of all trial court judges in California\u003c/a>, as they did 14 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While adding people from different backgrounds and life experiences can lead to litigants feeling more trustful of the judicial system, it’s not the only reason diversity is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11877228\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11877228\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1024px-Sonia_Sotomayor_in_SCOTUS_robe.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1024px-Sonia_Sotomayor_in_SCOTUS_robe.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1024px-Sonia_Sotomayor_in_SCOTUS_robe-160x200.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor has noted the perspective a Latina justice might bring to the bench. \u003ccite>(Steve Petteway/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s been more than a decade since then-President Barack Obama named to the U.S. Supreme Court a New Yorker, Sonia Sotomayor, who had famously — and controversially — said at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2009/05/sotomayors_wise_latina_line_ma.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UC Berkeley symposium\u003c/a>: “I would hope that a wise Latina woman with the richness of her experiences would more often than not reach a better conclusion than a white male who hasn’t lived that life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several studies have attempted to tease out the \u003ca href=\"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051617-090650\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">link between a judge’s race or ethnicity and that judge’s rulings and sentencing behavior\u003c/a>. The reported results have been \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1532673X19867052?journalCode=aprb&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mixed\u003c/a> — perhaps reflecting the interplay of a variety of factors that correlate to race and ethnicity, including political ideology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://politicalscience.yale.edu/people/allison-harris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yale University professor Allison Harris’\u003c/a> research into Chicago’s Cook County found that having Black judges around made white judges more fair and led to sentencing equity for Black and white defendants. Among her conclusions: “increasing the number of judges who look like the majority of defendants could reduce those defendants’ likelihood of being imprisoned.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study published by the American Bar Foundation found that \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanbarfoundation.org/uploads/cms/documents/weinberg_nielsen_-_examining_empathy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">having a diverse bench can also affect judicial outcomes\u003c/a>: Researchers discovered that white judges dismissed 61% of federal cases in which employees alleged workplace discrimination, while judges of color dismissed a dramatically lower 38%. White judges also were particularly more likely to dismiss cases involving minority plaintiffs than those involving white plaintiffs. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'It is ... intimidating. It is infuriating. It is not shocking.”","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Felicia Espinosa, Advocacy Director For Root & Rebound","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to think of the law as kind of interchangeable and they just apply the law to the facts, but that’s not what all judges are doing,” said \u003ca href=\"https://sociology.northwestern.edu/people/faculty/core/laura-beth-nielsen.html#:~:text=Professor%20Nielsen's%20research%20focuses%20on,race%2C%20gender%2C%20and%20class.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Northwestern University Law professor Laura Beth Nielsen,\u003c/a> who conducted the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another \u003ca href=\"https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1691&context=facpub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cornell Law School study of implicit bias among trial court judges\u003c/a>, researchers presented several hypothetical cases and found that judges, like most people, have implicit biases that can affect their judgement. The study also found that judges can suppress those unconscious biases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What may be research fodder for academics is palpable for attorneys, plaintiffs and defendants when they walk into a courtroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is…intimidating. It is infuriating. It is not shocking,” said Felicia Espinosa, describing what it feels like to be the only Latina attorney in court. She works in Fresno, where she’s one of \u003ca href=\"https://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/accessJustice/Attorney-Desert-Policy-Brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">roughly 2,200 attorneys in the county\u003c/a> for a population of nearly 1 million, according to data from the California State Bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m both dealing with my own internal feelings and thinking about my client and how it impacts them,” said Espinosa, advocacy director for \u003ca href=\"https://www.rootandrebound.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Roots and Rebound\u003c/a>, which offers legal aid for people who were once in jail or prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Along the hour drive from Sacramento to Colusa, rows of nut trees and farmland line Lone Star Road leading into town. Dotted with rice fields, almond trees and small farmworker communities, this small county grows about \u003ca href=\"https://www.countyofcolusa.org/DocumentCenter/View/12901/2019-Crop-Report?bidId=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$1 billion worth of food a year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town’s square has the feel of an old Western town with a touch of the plantation. That’s not an exaggeration: The towering courthouse, built in 1861, reflects the county’s heritage from the “ANTE-BELLUM SOUTH AND STATES RIGHTS SYMPATHIES DURING THE CIVIL WAR,” according to \u003ca href=\"https://ohp.parks.ca.gov/ListedResources/Detail/890\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a plaque added to the building\u003c/a> in 1976. It stood in for a Deep South courthouse in the 1962 classic film “To Kill a Mockingbird.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every week hundreds of people file into the courthouse for traffic court, land titles and the like. A couple of blocks away, outfitted with metal detectors and x-ray machines, the Annex is where many criminal cases are heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11877195\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11877195\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_08-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_08-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_08-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_08-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_08.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">American flags hang from many of the homes in Colusa. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From morning to afternoon in these COVID-affected days, dozens of mask-wearing litigants and their supporters wait in small wooden chairs, distanced by more chairs and plastic partitions, for their chance to address the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Case by case, individuals rise to speak. Often their eyes dart around, looking for the court interpreter who dashes over to translate the legal jargon into Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“¿Podría repetir la pregunta? No entiendo lo que quieres decir,” one defendant implores the judge through interpreter Juanita Ulloa — asking if a question could be repeated because he didn’t understand it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just beyond Ulloa, photos hang along the wall, marking a time in history when the bench was filled with white men. Things have changed a little since then. \u003ca href=\"https://www.appeal-democrat.com/first-woman-colusa-county-judge-sworn-in/article_1eb0f5bc-be15-5792-8b09-4650fcc6c625.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Colusa County welcomed its first woman judge in 2010\u003c/a>, an appointment by then-Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger. But the bench has not caught up to the county’s demographics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always noticed that there were always white judges, white lawyers,” said Jessica Lopez, 32, of Williams, at the Colusa Annex to fight what she termed “a few” pending cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Of course it’s impossible to diversify the bench unless there are qualified Latino attorneys in these areas willing to trade in their briefcases for gavels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a state where Latinos make up 40% of the population — outnumbering all other groups — only 7% of \u003ca href=\"http://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/reports/State-Bar-Annual-Diversity-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California’s practicing attorneys are Latino\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/f023fcff-fab2-49b8-a570-6442c8076847?src=embed\" title=\"Latino judges in the State Bar\" width=\"550\" height=\"750\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond its metropolitan areas, \u003ca href=\"https://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/accessJustice/Attorney-Desert-Policy-Brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">large swaths of California have too few attorneys to represent their population size\u003c/a>. This has fueled attorney deserts where clients and attorneys have to travel miles and miles for meetings and court proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Bar Association data doesn’t break down the number of practicing attorneys in an area by race or ethnicity, making it impossible to pinpoint gaps where lawyers of color — and thus potential judges — are in short supply. Several Latino attorneys would not speak to CalMatters on-the-record because they’re only “a few of us,” said one Latino attorney who often appears in several different counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s obviously a problem,” said Pruitt, the UC Davis law professor. “It is probably related to the fact that there’s a deficit of attorneys and probably a deficit of Latinx attorneys in those areas. A lot of law students are just not interested in going and working in rural California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>It’s around noon when criminal defense attorney Roberto Marquez parks and heads inside a Colusa courtroom, positioning himself in the back and pacing back and forth between his client and the prosecutor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As soon as he finishes addressing the court on behalf of his client, Marquez grabs his things and heads out the door — on to his next stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, I’m in Colusa County, this morning I was in Yuba, and tomorrow, I’ll be who knows where,” Marquez explains later, his cell phone connection sputtering as he travels the rural roads to his next meeting. For more than 30 years, he has traveled as north as Butte County and as south as Sacramento County defending clients. He says he used to think about becoming a judge, but that now is a distant memory and he no longer feels a desire for judicial robes, having grown to love traveling a wide territory as a criminal defense attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s also not convinced more Latino judges would affect his cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t need (judges) to be Hispanic, white, Brown, Black or whatever,” said Marquez. “I just need them to be smart and follow the law, and I feel like I practice in front of some smart, fair-minded judges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Most Superior Court judges first get the job because the governor appoints them after a sitting judge retires. \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/California_Judicial_Branch.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The requirements:\u003c/a> have at least 10 years’ experience practicing law, and submit a formal application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"http://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/reports/JNE-Demographics-Report-2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">14% of state judicial candidates applicants were Latino\u003c/a>. Deciding to leave practicing for judging is a difficult decision that can take a decade’s worth of planning, and some worry about a lack of Latino attorneys to back-fill them if they become judges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px;\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/6344486/embed?auto=1\" height=\"600\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, judicial applicants had to know someone who knew someone to pitch themselves to regional Judicial Selection Advisory Committees, all composed of local attorneys and judges. These committees, the conduit to the governor’s office, have the power to make or break a judicial appointment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee members were secret under former governors Arnold Schwarzenegger and Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was an obstacle course,” said Judge Juan Ulloa, a judge in Imperial County, who once applied for a judicial appointment. “It was very political, very secret. People were able to make anonymous comments.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'It was an obstacle course. It was very political, very secret.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Juan Ulloa, Imperial County Judge","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However secretive the meetings were, comments about certain women applicants being “too difficult to work with” or applicants of color “not being hardworking and not seeking out challenging court assignments,” made their way around the judicial circles and often back to applicants, said retired Judge Brenda Harbin-Forte, who once spearheaded the state’s efforts to diversify the bench.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was told, ‘This lawyer says that you’re not qualified because you’re biased against people with money and property holders’,” said Ulloa, who once worked as a legal aid attorney. It didn’t take long, he said, for him to get the message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in 2019, Gov. Gavin Newsom lifted the veil, sharing the names of the state committee members. It didn’t require new laws or executive orders, and for the first time, Californians could see who was helping select \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/06/26/in-historic-move-for-transparency-governor-newsom-opens-judicial-selection-advisory-committees-to-identify-next-generation-of-california-judges/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">appointed judges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people of our state have little insight on the process by which judges are chosen, it is only fair that the public knows who is helping to select the people who will serve them,” said Newsom, whose own father had been one of the judges appointed by then-Gov. Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newfound transparency, however, didn’t extend to local bar associations, several of which are contracted with the governor’s office to evaluate judicial candidates. Local bar associations are not required to disclose who is on their evaluation committees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11877194\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11877194\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_16-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"The Burchfield primary school marquee written in Spanish and English informing parents to call the school office to make a kindergarten entrance exam appointment in Colusa.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_16-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_16-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_16-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/052721_Colusa_AW_sized_16.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Burchfield primary school marquee written in Spanish and English informing parents to call the school office to make a kindergarten entrance exam appointment in Colusa. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In California, judicial appointments eventually face elections once their terms expire. While California Supreme Court and Courts of Appeal justices serve 12-year terms, Superior Court terms are six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the overwhelming majority of state Superior Court judges are appointed, the state constitution also allows qualified attorneys to run against a Superior Court judge who’s up for election. Absent that rare challenge, Superior Court judges are unopposed and their names do not appear on the ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the four counties that have no Latino judges, former Democratic Gov. Brown appointed a total of seven judges during his second tenure. Just one was a person of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet statewide, Brown made greater strides, with \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190327212457/https://www.ca.gov/archive/gov39/2019/01/03/governor-brown-swears-in-justice-groban-to-california-supreme-court-releases-judicial-appointment-data/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">16% of his appointments being Latinos\u003c/a>. So far, \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/03/01/governor-newsom-releases-2020-judicial-appointment-data/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">18% of Newsom’s judicial appointments\u003c/a> have gone to Latinos. 11% of former \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/partners/documents/gov-2010appdata.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger’s appointees were Latinos\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because challenges can happen, governors have to consider whether their appointees can withstand one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After being appointed by Brown in 2018, Judge Monique Langhorne, a Black woman, faced an opponent in last year’s election — the first challenge to a sitting Napa County judge in three decades. “I’d never run in an election. None of the sitting judges here had ever run in an election, and I didn’t know who I could lean on to learn what to do,” she told the Napa Valley Register. \u003ca href=\"https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/monique-langhorne-wins-napa-county-s-first-election-for-judge-s-seat-since-1980s/article_6426a270-f15b-5a64-a191-fe0dec9eb699.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">She retained her judgeship\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However uncommon, judges become politicians when they face a challenge — seeking campaign donations and votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while a governor may make diversity a tenet for judicial appointments, local voters may have different priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As researchers and politicians iron out what diversity on the courts mean and how the state should get there, residents who appear before judges are often left shrugging their shoulders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s just the way it is. I’ve been in the court system since I was 16, and they’ve all been white,” said a 28-year-old Latino before he gets into his black pickup and drives away from the Colusa courthouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve only seen a Latino judge on TV.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Graphics by Liliana Michelena\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11877153/in-absentia-zero-latino-judges-in-these-majority-latino-california-counties","authors":["byline_news_11877153"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_47","news_20605","news_21442","news_29562"],"featImg":"news_11877190","label":"source_news_11877153"},"news_11859211":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11859211","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11859211","score":null,"sort":[1612857904000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"state-sentencing-commission-calls-for-overhaul-of-criminal-laws","title":"California Commission Recommends Ending Mandatory Minimum Sentences","publishDate":1612857904,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A newly formed state commission is recommending that California end mandatory minimum sentences for nonviolent crimes and allow judges to reconsider all criminal sentences after someone has spent 15 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are two of the 10 recommendations laid out in an 89-page report by the \u003ca href=\"http://clrc.ca.gov/CRPC.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Committee on Revision of the Penal Code\u003c/a>, which is charged with examining California’s criminal sentencing laws and recommending changes. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Mike Romano, Three Strikes Clinic, Stanford Law School\"]'What we found is that California has an unbelievably bloated criminal legal system and that there are a tremendous number of people who are serving punishments that are unnecessary in terms of enhancing public safety.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among their findings: That the state’s legal system has racial inequality at its core and that many laws are outdated, unsupported by data and don’t make the public more safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We really tried to do a complete survey of punishments in California from driving infractions, all the way to life in prison,\" said commission Chair Mike Romano, who runs the Three Strikes Clinic at Stanford Law School. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we found is that California has an unbelievably bloated criminal legal system and that there are a tremendous number of people who are serving punishments that are unnecessary in terms of enhancing public safety, in fact quite the opposite,\" he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group heard from a wide range of experts, including every major law enforcement group in the state, current and former prosecutors and judges and state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission learned that California is spending $83,000 a year to lock up each prisoner, for a total of $16 billion. Yet the report also details evidence that California is enjoying the lowest crime rates since statewide tracking began in 1969, even as the state has enacted laws that reduce the number of people incarcerated. [aside tag=\"justice, criminal\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aspects of California’s criminal legal system are undeniably broken,\" the report states. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The current system has racial inequity at its core,\" the commission wrote, adding that inequality may be worse than imagined as \"people of color are disproportionately punished under state laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is made up of legal experts and two state lawmakers. There are 10 recommendations in its inaugural report — all focusing on changes that could be made by the Legislature, without going to voters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those recommendations are:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Eliminate incarceration and reduce fines and fees for certain traffic offenses\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require that short prison sentences be served in county jails\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>End mandatory minimum sentences for nonviolent offenses\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Establish that low-value thefts without serious injury or use of a weapon are misdemeanors\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provide guidance for judges considering sentencing enhancements\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Limit gang enhancements to the most dangerous offenses\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Retroactively apply sentence enhancements previously repealed by the Legislature\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Equalize custody credits for people who committed the same offenses, regardless of where or when they are incarcerated\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Clarify parole suitability standards to focus on risk of future violent or serious offenses\u003c/li>\n\u003cli> Establish judicial process for \"second look\" resentencing\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission will present the findings to the governor and lawmakers for consideration. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Panel says California law has 'racial inequality at its core' and doesn't make public more safe.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1612975879,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":534},"headData":{"title":"California Commission Recommends Ending Mandatory Minimum Sentences | KQED","description":"Panel says California law has 'racial inequality at its core' and doesn't make public more safe.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11859211 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11859211","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/02/09/state-sentencing-commission-calls-for-overhaul-of-criminal-laws/","disqusTitle":"California Commission Recommends Ending Mandatory Minimum Sentences","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/524fe10e-258a-414c-9b1d-acca011f9eee/audio.mp3","path":"/news/11859211/state-sentencing-commission-calls-for-overhaul-of-criminal-laws","audioDuration":112000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A newly formed state commission is recommending that California end mandatory minimum sentences for nonviolent crimes and allow judges to reconsider all criminal sentences after someone has spent 15 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are two of the 10 recommendations laid out in an 89-page report by the \u003ca href=\"http://clrc.ca.gov/CRPC.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Committee on Revision of the Penal Code\u003c/a>, which is charged with examining California’s criminal sentencing laws and recommending changes. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'What we found is that California has an unbelievably bloated criminal legal system and that there are a tremendous number of people who are serving punishments that are unnecessary in terms of enhancing public safety.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Mike Romano, Three Strikes Clinic, Stanford Law School","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among their findings: That the state’s legal system has racial inequality at its core and that many laws are outdated, unsupported by data and don’t make the public more safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We really tried to do a complete survey of punishments in California from driving infractions, all the way to life in prison,\" said commission Chair Mike Romano, who runs the Three Strikes Clinic at Stanford Law School. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we found is that California has an unbelievably bloated criminal legal system and that there are a tremendous number of people who are serving punishments that are unnecessary in terms of enhancing public safety, in fact quite the opposite,\" he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group heard from a wide range of experts, including every major law enforcement group in the state, current and former prosecutors and judges and state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission learned that California is spending $83,000 a year to lock up each prisoner, for a total of $16 billion. Yet the report also details evidence that California is enjoying the lowest crime rates since statewide tracking began in 1969, even as the state has enacted laws that reduce the number of people incarcerated. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"justice, criminal","label":"More Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aspects of California’s criminal legal system are undeniably broken,\" the report states. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The current system has racial inequity at its core,\" the commission wrote, adding that inequality may be worse than imagined as \"people of color are disproportionately punished under state laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is made up of legal experts and two state lawmakers. There are 10 recommendations in its inaugural report — all focusing on changes that could be made by the Legislature, without going to voters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those recommendations are:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Eliminate incarceration and reduce fines and fees for certain traffic offenses\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require that short prison sentences be served in county jails\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>End mandatory minimum sentences for nonviolent offenses\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Establish that low-value thefts without serious injury or use of a weapon are misdemeanors\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provide guidance for judges considering sentencing enhancements\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Limit gang enhancements to the most dangerous offenses\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Retroactively apply sentence enhancements previously repealed by the Legislature\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Equalize custody credits for people who committed the same offenses, regardless of where or when they are incarcerated\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Clarify parole suitability standards to focus on risk of future violent or serious offenses\u003c/li>\n\u003cli> Establish judicial process for \"second look\" resentencing\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission will present the findings to the governor and lawmakers for consideration. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11859211/state-sentencing-commission-calls-for-overhaul-of-criminal-laws","authors":["3239"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_2997","news_21442","news_28211","news_2688"],"featImg":"news_11859270","label":"news"},"news_11838859":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11838859","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11838859","score":null,"sort":[1600496319000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"hundreds-gather-to-honor-the-life-of-ruth-bader-ginsburg-in-the-castro","title":"Hundreds Gather in the Castro to Honor the Life of Ruth Bader Ginsburg","publishDate":1600496319,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Hundreds of mourners gathered in the Castro neighborhood of San Francisco Friday night for a candlelit vigil honoring the late Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11838760/justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-champion-of-gender-equality-dies-at-87\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">died Friday of complications from cancer at age 87\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many attendees rushed to Harvey Milk Plaza on less than one hour’s notice — alerted by social media posts and an email from organizer Manny Yekutiel, owner of the community space Manny’s in the Mission. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those assembled described feeling numb and in disbelief at Ginsburg’s passing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a lot of us felt like, ‘Well, as long as RBG is there, we’re gonna be good, we’re gonna be good’,” said San Francisco resident Shawn Rosenmoss. “Now I’m a little lost, which is why I’m here.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838872\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/027_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Betty Doerr brought her Ruth Bader Ginsburg figurine that she bought at Cliff's Variety to the candlelit vigil in Ginsburg's honor on Sep. 18, 2020. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11838872\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/027_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/027_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/027_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/027_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/027_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Betty Doerr brought her Ruth Bader Ginsburg figurine that she bought at Cliff's Variety to the candlelit vigil in Ginsburg's honor on Sep. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although there were few tears, every speech of the night contained an impassioned plea to continue fighting for the late Justice’s gains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pastor Megan Rohrer led the assembled group in singing the folk song “Singing for Our Lives” by Holly Near. Rohrer, a transgender pastor who ministers in the Sunset district, said that when their wife told them the news, they were distraught. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The feeling is just when you didn’t think you could have more fear and doubt about what might be happening next in the world, another thing happens and makes you wonder,” they said. “Not knowing what’s going to happen next becomes a source of fear once again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The evening’s impromptu program also featured two Hebrew prayers to honor Ginsburg, who was Jewish, on the first night of Rosh Hashanah, the start of Jewish New Year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838869\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/019_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020.jpg\" alt=\"The candlelit vigil in honor of Ruth Bader Ginsburg made its way from Harvey Milk Plaza to the Human Rights Campaign Action Center and Store where there were several speakers. The building was once home to Harvey Milk's camera shop, Castro Camera.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11838869\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/019_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/019_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/019_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/019_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/019_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The candlelit vigil in honor of Ruth Bader Ginsburg made its way from Harvey Milk Plaza to the Human Rights Campaign Action Center and Store where there were several speakers. The building was once home to Harvey Milk's camera shop, Castro Camera. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Castro, a predominately LGBT neighborhood, seemed a fitting location due to the contributions the late justice made to that community. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the LGBTQ community — for us — elections and the courts are a matter of life and death,” said state Sen. Scott Wiener, D-San Francisco, who attended the gathering and ensuing march. “Ruth Bader Ginsburg helped create so much of the modern civil rights framework legally. There will never be another like her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group of 200 swelled to more than 500 and slowly marched toward the site of Harvey Milk’s former camera shop on Castro Street. Wiener and District 8 Supervisor Rafael Mandelman along with activist Cleve Jones led the march, flanked by signs reading “RBG” and “We Won’t Let You Down, RBG.” Diners sitting outdoors on the busy street stopped to watch, with many applauding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838866\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/003_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Gillian Reid holds a Ruth Bader Ginsburg candle during a vigil in her honor in the Castro on Sep. 18, 2020.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11838866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/003_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/003_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/003_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/003_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/003_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gillian Reid holds a Ruth Bader Ginsburg candle during a vigil in her honor in the Castro on Sep. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mandelman said he had “been a mess” since he heard the news. He said the Justice’s legacy “is very much up to us over these last two months,” stressing the importance of keeping President Trump from appointing Ginsburg’s successor. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sentiment was echoed by Wiener, who called Ginsburg a “hero,” and emphasized the need to “fight to make sure Donald Trump and Mitch McConnell don’t steal this election.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Rosenmoss, she pointed to her two daughters — one in medical school, one applying to law school — as carrying on Ginsburg’s legacy. More broadly, Rosenmoss gestured to the battles that Ginsburg fought “in her life to be an attorney and a mom and a married person. It’s really sad that we have to, every day, keep fighting those fights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838878\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/002_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Stephan Ferris lights a candle for Cleve Jones during a vigil to honor the life of Ruth Bader Ginsburg in the Castro on Sep. 18, 2020.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11838878\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/002_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/002_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/002_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/002_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/002_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephan Ferris lights a candle for Cleve Jones during a vigil to honor the life of Ruth Bader Ginsburg in the Castro on Sep. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Speakers urged those assembled to vote, stay politically involved, and organize in swing states. Many shared messages of hope for the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Have her memory be a blessing and move forward to build a better country and a safer world,” said Jones. “That is what she would want us to do, and we all know that.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A vigil honoring the life of Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg drew a group of 500 in San Francisco on Friday night.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1601673295,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":786},"headData":{"title":"Hundreds Gather in the Castro to Honor the Life of Ruth Bader Ginsburg | KQED","description":"A vigil honoring the life of Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg drew a group of 500 in San Francisco on Friday night.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11838859 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11838859","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/09/18/hundreds-gather-to-honor-the-life-of-ruth-bader-ginsburg-in-the-castro/","disqusTitle":"Hundreds Gather in the Castro to Honor the Life of Ruth Bader Ginsburg","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2020/09/WolffeRBGVigilCastro.mp3","templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","path":"/news/11838859/hundreds-gather-to-honor-the-life-of-ruth-bader-ginsburg-in-the-castro","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hundreds of mourners gathered in the Castro neighborhood of San Francisco Friday night for a candlelit vigil honoring the late Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11838760/justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-champion-of-gender-equality-dies-at-87\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">died Friday of complications from cancer at age 87\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many attendees rushed to Harvey Milk Plaza on less than one hour’s notice — alerted by social media posts and an email from organizer Manny Yekutiel, owner of the community space Manny’s in the Mission. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those assembled described feeling numb and in disbelief at Ginsburg’s passing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a lot of us felt like, ‘Well, as long as RBG is there, we’re gonna be good, we’re gonna be good’,” said San Francisco resident Shawn Rosenmoss. “Now I’m a little lost, which is why I’m here.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838872\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/027_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Betty Doerr brought her Ruth Bader Ginsburg figurine that she bought at Cliff's Variety to the candlelit vigil in Ginsburg's honor on Sep. 18, 2020. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11838872\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/027_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/027_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/027_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/027_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/027_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Betty Doerr brought her Ruth Bader Ginsburg figurine that she bought at Cliff's Variety to the candlelit vigil in Ginsburg's honor on Sep. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although there were few tears, every speech of the night contained an impassioned plea to continue fighting for the late Justice’s gains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pastor Megan Rohrer led the assembled group in singing the folk song “Singing for Our Lives” by Holly Near. Rohrer, a transgender pastor who ministers in the Sunset district, said that when their wife told them the news, they were distraught. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The feeling is just when you didn’t think you could have more fear and doubt about what might be happening next in the world, another thing happens and makes you wonder,” they said. “Not knowing what’s going to happen next becomes a source of fear once again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The evening’s impromptu program also featured two Hebrew prayers to honor Ginsburg, who was Jewish, on the first night of Rosh Hashanah, the start of Jewish New Year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838869\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/019_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020.jpg\" alt=\"The candlelit vigil in honor of Ruth Bader Ginsburg made its way from Harvey Milk Plaza to the Human Rights Campaign Action Center and Store where there were several speakers. The building was once home to Harvey Milk's camera shop, Castro Camera.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11838869\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/019_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/019_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/019_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/019_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/019_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The candlelit vigil in honor of Ruth Bader Ginsburg made its way from Harvey Milk Plaza to the Human Rights Campaign Action Center and Store where there were several speakers. The building was once home to Harvey Milk's camera shop, Castro Camera. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Castro, a predominately LGBT neighborhood, seemed a fitting location due to the contributions the late justice made to that community. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the LGBTQ community — for us — elections and the courts are a matter of life and death,” said state Sen. Scott Wiener, D-San Francisco, who attended the gathering and ensuing march. “Ruth Bader Ginsburg helped create so much of the modern civil rights framework legally. There will never be another like her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group of 200 swelled to more than 500 and slowly marched toward the site of Harvey Milk’s former camera shop on Castro Street. Wiener and District 8 Supervisor Rafael Mandelman along with activist Cleve Jones led the march, flanked by signs reading “RBG” and “We Won’t Let You Down, RBG.” Diners sitting outdoors on the busy street stopped to watch, with many applauding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838866\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/003_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Gillian Reid holds a Ruth Bader Ginsburg candle during a vigil in her honor in the Castro on Sep. 18, 2020.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11838866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/003_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/003_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/003_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/003_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/003_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gillian Reid holds a Ruth Bader Ginsburg candle during a vigil in her honor in the Castro on Sep. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mandelman said he had “been a mess” since he heard the news. He said the Justice’s legacy “is very much up to us over these last two months,” stressing the importance of keeping President Trump from appointing Ginsburg’s successor. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sentiment was echoed by Wiener, who called Ginsburg a “hero,” and emphasized the need to “fight to make sure Donald Trump and Mitch McConnell don’t steal this election.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Rosenmoss, she pointed to her two daughters — one in medical school, one applying to law school — as carrying on Ginsburg’s legacy. More broadly, Rosenmoss gestured to the battles that Ginsburg fought “in her life to be an attorney and a mom and a married person. It’s really sad that we have to, every day, keep fighting those fights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838878\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/002_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Stephan Ferris lights a candle for Cleve Jones during a vigil to honor the life of Ruth Bader Ginsburg in the Castro on Sep. 18, 2020.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11838878\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/002_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/002_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/002_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/002_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/002_KQED_SanFrancisco_RGBVigil_09182020.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephan Ferris lights a candle for Cleve Jones during a vigil to honor the life of Ruth Bader Ginsburg in the Castro on Sep. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Speakers urged those assembled to vote, stay politically involved, and organize in swing states. Many shared messages of hope for the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Have her memory be a blessing and move forward to build a better country and a safer world,” said Jones. “That is what she would want us to do, and we all know that.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11838859/hundreds-gather-to-honor-the-life-of-ruth-bader-ginsburg-in-the-castro","authors":["11523"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_370","news_27626","news_1682","news_21442","news_82","news_17827","news_28569","news_22467","news_1217","news_932","news_28568"],"featImg":"news_11838868","label":"news"},"news_11838760":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11838760","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11838760","score":null,"sort":[1600472776000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-champion-of-gender-equality-dies-at-87","title":"Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Champion of Gender Equality, Dies at 87","publishDate":1600472776,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the demure firebrand who in her 80s became a legal, cultural, and feminist icon has died. The Supreme Court announced her death, saying the cause was complications from cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Architect of the legal fight for women's rights in the 1970s, Ginsburg subsequently served 27 years on the nation's highest court, becoming its most prominent member. Her death will inevitably set in motion what promises to be a nasty and tumultuous political battle over who will succeed her, and it thrusts the Supreme Court vacancy into the spotlight of the presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just days before her death, as her strength waned, Ginsburg dictated this statement to her granddaughter Clara Spera: \"My most fervent wish is that I will not be replaced until a new president is installed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She knew what was to come. Ginsburg's death will have profound consequences for the court and the country. Inside the court, not only is the leader of the liberal wing gone, but with the Court about to open a new term, Chief Justice John Roberts no longer holds the controlling vote in closely contested cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he has a consistently conservative record in most cases, he has split from fellow conservatives in a few important ones, this year casting his vote with liberals, for instance, to at least temporarily protect the so-called Dreamers from deportation by the Trump administration, to uphold a major abortion precedent, and to uphold bans on large church gatherings during the coronavirus pandemic. But with Ginsburg gone, there is no clear court majority for those outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838795\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1982px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11838795 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_12_slide-93969b5aa430b7b6996ffc5f8f081178be82fa88-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1982\" height=\"1320\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_12_slide-93969b5aa430b7b6996ffc5f8f081178be82fa88-2.jpg 1982w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_12_slide-93969b5aa430b7b6996ffc5f8f081178be82fa88-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_12_slide-93969b5aa430b7b6996ffc5f8f081178be82fa88-2-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_12_slide-93969b5aa430b7b6996ffc5f8f081178be82fa88-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_12_slide-93969b5aa430b7b6996ffc5f8f081178be82fa88-2-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_12_slide-93969b5aa430b7b6996ffc5f8f081178be82fa88-2-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1982px) 100vw, 1982px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ginsburg speaks during the annual meeting of the American Society of International Law in Washington on April 1, 2005. \u003ccite>(Haraz Ghanbari/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Upcoming Political Battle\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Indeed, a week after the upcoming presidential election, the court is for the third time scheduled to hear a challenge brought by Republicans to the Affordable Care Act, known as Obamacare. In 2012 the high court upheld the law by a 5-to-4 vote, with Chief Justice Roberts casting the deciding vote and writing the opinion for the majority. But this time the outcome may well be different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because Ginsburg's death gives Republicans the chance to tighten their grip on the court with another Trump appointment that would give conservatives a 6-to-3 majority. And that would mean that even a defection on the right would leave conservatives with enough votes to prevail in the Obamacare case and many others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the center of the battle to achieve that will be Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell. In 2016 he took a step unprecedented in modern times: He refused for nearly a year to allow any consideration of President Obama's supreme court nominee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg']'My most fervent wish is that I will not be replaced until a new president is installed.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, McConnell's justification was the upcoming presidential election, which he said would allow voters a chance to weigh in on what kind of justice they wanted. But now, with the tables turned, McConnell has made clear he will not follow the same course. Instead he will try immediately push through a Trump nominee so as to ensure a conservative justice to fill Ginsburg's liberal shoes, even if President Trump were to lose his reelection bid. Asked what he would do in circumstances like these, McConnell said: \"Oh, we'd fill it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what happens in the coming weeks will be bare-knuckle politics, writ large, on the stage of a presidential election. It will be a fight Ginsburg had hoped to avoid, telling Justice Stevens shortly before his death that she hoped to serve as long as he did — until age 90.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My dream is that I will stay on the court as long as he did,\" she said in an interview in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838802\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11838802 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/11076641_h21192027_slide-6dd2122ae20b3e23ba078e4afeb0c7cfce0227b8-2-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1705\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/11076641_h21192027_slide-6dd2122ae20b3e23ba078e4afeb0c7cfce0227b8-2-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/11076641_h21192027_slide-6dd2122ae20b3e23ba078e4afeb0c7cfce0227b8-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/11076641_h21192027_slide-6dd2122ae20b3e23ba078e4afeb0c7cfce0227b8-2-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/11076641_h21192027_slide-6dd2122ae20b3e23ba078e4afeb0c7cfce0227b8-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/11076641_h21192027_slide-6dd2122ae20b3e23ba078e4afeb0c7cfce0227b8-2-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/11076641_h21192027_slide-6dd2122ae20b3e23ba078e4afeb0c7cfce0227b8-2-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/11076641_h21192027_slide-6dd2122ae20b3e23ba078e4afeb0c7cfce0227b8-2-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ginsburg hugs President Barack Obama as he arrives to deliver his State of the Union speech on Capitol Hill on Feb. 12, 2013. \u003ccite>(Jason Reed/Reuters /Landov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>'Tough As Nails'\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>She didn't quite make it. But Ruth Bader Ginsburg was nonetheless an historic figure. She changed the way the world is for American women. For more than a decade, until her first judicial appointment in 1980, she led the fight in the courts for gender equality. When she began her legal crusade, women were treated, by law, differently from men. Hundreds of state and federal laws restricted what women could do, barring them from jobs, rights and even from jury service. By the time she donned judicial robes, however, Ginsburg had worked a revolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was never more evident than in 1996 when, as a relatively new Supreme Court justice, Ginsburg wrote the court's 7-to-1 opinion declaring that the Virginia Military Institute could no longer remain an all-male institution. True, said Ginsburg, most women — indeed most men — would not want to meet the rigorous demands of VMI. But the state, she said, could not exclude women who could meet those demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Reliance on overbroad generalizations ... estimates about the way most men or most women are, will not suffice to deny opportunity to women whose talent and capacity place them outside the average description,\" Ginsburg wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was an unlikely pioneer, a diminutive and shy woman, whose soft voice and large glasses hid an intellect and attitude that, as one colleague put it, was \"tough as nails.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time she was in her 80s, she had become something of a rock star to women of all ages. She was the subject of a hit documentary, a biopic, an operetta, merchandise galore featuring her \"Notorious RBG\" moniker, a Time magazine cover, and regular \"Saturday Night Live\" sketches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one occasion in 2016, Ginsburg got herself into trouble and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/07/14/486080234/listen-justice-ginsburg-expands-on-decision-to-apologize-for-trump-remarks\">later publicly apologized\u003c/a> for disparaging remarks she made about then-presidential candidate Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the most part Ginsburg enjoyed her fame and maintained a sense of humor about herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the fact that she had apparently fallen asleep during the 2015 State of the Union address, Ginsburg did not take the Fifth, admitting that although she had vowed not to drink at dinner with the other justices before the speech, the wine had just been too good to resist. The result, she said, was that she was perhaps not an entirely \"sober judge\" and kept nodding off.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Road To Law\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Born in Brooklyn, N.Y., Ruth Bader went to public schools, where she excelled as a student — and as a baton twirler. By all accounts, it was her mother who was the driving force in her young life, but Celia Bader died of cancer the day before the future Justice would graduate from high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then 17, Ruth Bader went on to Cornell on full scholarship, where she met Martin (aka \"Marty\") Ginsburg. \"What made Marty so overwhelmingly attractive to me was that he cared that I had a brain,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After her graduation, they were married and went off to Fort Sill, Okla., for his military service. There Mrs. Ginsburg, despite scoring high on the civil service exam, could only get a job as a typist, and when she became pregnant, she lost even that job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years later, the couple returned to the East Coast to attend Harvard Law School. She was one of only nine women in a class of over 500 and found the dean asking her why she was taking up a place that \"should go to a man.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Harvard, she was the academic star, not Marty. The couple was busy juggling schedules, and their toddler when Marty was diagnosed with testicular cancer. Surgeries and aggressive radiation followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So that left Ruth with a 3-year-old child, a fairly sick husband, the law review, classes to attend and feeding me,\" said Marty Ginsburg in a 1993 interview with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experience also taught the future justice that sleep was a luxury. During the year of Marty's illness, he was only able to eat late at night; after that he would dictate his senior class paper to Ruth. At about 2 a.m., he would go back to sleep, Ginsburg recalled in an NPR interview. \"Then I'd take out the books and start reading what I needed to be prepared for classes the next day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marty Ginsburg survived, graduated, and got a job in New York; his wife, a year behind him in school, transferred to Columbia, where she graduated at the top of her law school class. Despite her academic achievements, the doors to law firms were closed to women, and though recommended for a Supreme Court clerkship, she wasn't even interviewed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was bad enough that she was a woman, she recalled later, but she was also a mother, and male judges worried that she would be diverted by her \"familial obligations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mentor, law professor Gerald Gunther, finally got her a clerkship in New York by promising Judge Edmund Palmieri that if she couldn't do the work, he would provide someone who could. That was \"the carrot,\" Ginsburg would say later. \"The stick\" was that Gunther, who regularly fed his best students to Palmieri, told the judge that if he didn't take Ginsburg, Gunther would never send him a clerk again. The Ginsburg clerkship apparently was a success; Palmieri kept her not for the usual one year, but two, from 1959-61.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginsburg's next path is rarely talked about, mainly because it doesn't fit the narrative. She learned Swedish so she could work with Anders Berzelius, a Swedish civil procedure scholar. Through the Columbia Law School Project on International Procedure, Ginsburg and Berzelius co-authored a book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1963, Ginsburg finally landed a teaching job at Rutgers law school, where she at one point hid her second pregnancy by wearing her mother-in-law's clothes. The ruse worked; her contract was renewed before her new baby was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While at Rutgers, she began her work fighting gender discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838804\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1185px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11838804 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ap03091207588_slide-1f65fe415831459bc01bfcf6e20b79d72a4ed335-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1185\" height=\"790\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ap03091207588_slide-1f65fe415831459bc01bfcf6e20b79d72a4ed335-2.jpg 1185w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ap03091207588_slide-1f65fe415831459bc01bfcf6e20b79d72a4ed335-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ap03091207588_slide-1f65fe415831459bc01bfcf6e20b79d72a4ed335-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ap03091207588_slide-1f65fe415831459bc01bfcf6e20b79d72a4ed335-2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1185px) 100vw, 1185px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ginsburg and her husband, Marty, laugh as they listen to Justice Stephen Breyer speak at Columbia Law School on Sept. 12, 2003 \u003ccite>(Ed Bailey/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The 'Mother Brief'\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Her first big case was a challenge to a law that barred a Colorado man named Charles Moritz from taking a tax deduction for the care of his 89-year-old mother. The IRS said the deduction, by statute, could only be claimed by women, or widowed or divorced men. But Moritz had never married.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax court concluded that the internal revenue code was immune to constitutional challenge, a notion that tax lawyer Marty Ginsburg viewed as \"preposterous.\" The two Ginsburgs took on the case, he from the tax perspective, she from the constitutional perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Marty Ginsburg, for his wife, this was the \"mother brief.\" She had to think through all the issues and how to fix the inequity. The solution was to ask the court not to invalidate the statute but to apply it equally to both sexes. She won in the lower courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Amazingly,\" he recalled in a 1993 NPR interview, the government petitioned the United States Supreme Court, stating that the decision \"cast a cloud of unconstitutionality\" over literally hundreds of federal statutes, and it attached a list of those statutes, which it compiled with Defense Department computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those laws, Marty Ginsburg added, \"were the statutes that my wife then litigated ... to overturn over the next decade.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1971, she would write her first Supreme Court brief in the case of \u003cem>Reed v. Reed. \u003c/em>Ginsburg represented Sally Reed, who thought she should be the executor of her son's estate instead of her ex-husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The constitutional issue was whether a state could automatically prefer men over women as executors of estates. The answer from the all-male supreme court: no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the first time the court had ever struck down a state law because it discriminated based on gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838798\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1980px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11838798\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_17-259490fa8dad7bbf54882da381ffae57a4ccc155-2-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1980\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_17-259490fa8dad7bbf54882da381ffae57a4ccc155-2-scaled.jpg 1980w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_17-259490fa8dad7bbf54882da381ffae57a4ccc155-2-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_17-259490fa8dad7bbf54882da381ffae57a4ccc155-2-1020x1319.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_17-259490fa8dad7bbf54882da381ffae57a4ccc155-2-160x207.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_17-259490fa8dad7bbf54882da381ffae57a4ccc155-2-1188x1536.jpg 1188w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_17-259490fa8dad7bbf54882da381ffae57a4ccc155-2-1584x2048.jpg 1584w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_17-259490fa8dad7bbf54882da381ffae57a4ccc155-2-1920x2483.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1980px) 100vw, 1980px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ginsburg talks with filmmaker David Grubin about his PBS series, \u003cem>The Jewish Americans\u003c/em>, on Jan. 10, 2008. \u003ccite>(Kevin Wolf/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And that was just the beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By then Ginsburg was earning quite a reputation. She would become the first female tenured professor at Columbia Law School, and she would found the Women's Rights Project at the ACLU.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the chief architect of the battle for women's legal rights, Ginsburg devised a strategy that was characteristically cautious, precise and single-mindedly aimed at one goal: winning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing that she had to persuade male, establishment-oriented judges, she often picked male plaintiffs, and she liked Social Security cases because they illustrated how discrimination against women can harm men. For example, in \u003cem>Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld\u003c/em>, she represented a man whose wife, the principal breadwinner, died in childbirth. The husband sought survivor's benefits to care for his child, but under the then-existing Social Security law, only widows, not widowers, were entitled to such benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This absolute exclusion, based on gender per se, operates to the disadvantage of female workers, their surviving spouses, and their children,\" Ginsburg told the justices at oral argument. The Supreme Court would ultimately agree, as it did in five of the six cases she argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the ensuing years, Ginsburg would file dozens of briefs seeking to persuade the courts that the 14th Amendment guarantee of equal protection applies not just to racial and ethnic minorities, but to women as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with NPR, she explained the legal theory that she eventually sold to the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The words of the 14th Amendment's equal protection clause — 'nor shall any state deny to any person the equal protection of the laws.' Well that word, 'any person,' covers women as well as men. And the Supreme Court woke up to that reality in 1971,\" Ginsburg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During these pioneering years, Ginsburg would often work through the night as she had during law school. But by this time, she had two children, and she later liked to tell a story about the lesson she learned when her son, in grade school, seemed to have a proclivity for getting into trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scrapes were hardly major, and Ginsburg grew exasperated by demands from school administrators that she come in to discuss her son's alleged misbehavior. Finally, there came a day when she had had enough. \"I had stayed up all night the night before, and I said to the principal, 'This child has two parents. Please alternate calls.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that, she found, the calls were few and far between. It seemed, she said, that most infractions were not worth calling a busy husband about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11838809 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ap120411123595_wide-5910f9126165cf78bce8466017fc59b9d3219834-2-scaled-e1600473699297.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ginsburg (left) joins the only three other women to sit on the U.S. Supreme Court — Sandra Day O'Connor, Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan — in a celebration of O'Connor, the first woman justice, at the Newseum in Washington in 20 \u003ccite>(Manuel Balce Ceneta/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Supreme Court's Second Woman\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 1980 then-President Jimmy Carter named Ginsburg to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. Over the next 13 years, she would amass a record as something of a centrist liberal, and in 1993 then-President Bill Clinton nominated her to the Supreme Court, the second woman appointed to the position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was not first on his list. For months Clinton flirted with other potential nominees, and some women's rights activists withheld their active support because they were worried about Ginsburg's views on abortion. She had been publicly critical of the legal reasoning in \u003cem>Roe v. Wade. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the background, Marty Ginsburg was lobbying hard for his wife. And finally Ruth Ginsburg was invited for a meeting with the president. As one White House official put it afterward, Clinton \"fell for her--hook, line and sinker.\" So did the Senate. She was confirmed by a vote of 96 to 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838774\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11838774 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_04_slide-e0cecae8ed53293f57d73bceba92176c9c11813f-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1706\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_04_slide-e0cecae8ed53293f57d73bceba92176c9c11813f-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_04_slide-e0cecae8ed53293f57d73bceba92176c9c11813f-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_04_slide-e0cecae8ed53293f57d73bceba92176c9c11813f-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_04_slide-e0cecae8ed53293f57d73bceba92176c9c11813f-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_04_slide-e0cecae8ed53293f57d73bceba92176c9c11813f-1-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_04_slide-e0cecae8ed53293f57d73bceba92176c9c11813f-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_04_slide-e0cecae8ed53293f57d73bceba92176c9c11813f-1-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">President Bill Clinton announces Ruth Bader Ginsburg as his nominee to the Supreme Court during a news conference in Washington D.C., on June 14, 1993. Ginsburg replaced retired Justice Byron White and became the nation's second female justice. \u003ccite>(Doug Mills/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once on the court, Ginsburg was an example of a woman who defied stereotypes. Though she looked tiny and frail, she rode horses well into her 70s and even went parasailing. At home, it was her husband who was the chef, indeed a master chef, while the justice cheerfully acknowledged that she was an awful cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though a liberal, she and the court's conservative icon, Antonin Scalia, now deceased, were the closest of friends. Indeed, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2013/07/10/200137481/scalia-v-ginsburg-supreme-court-sparring-put-to-music\">an opera called \u003cem>Scalia/Ginsburg\u003c/em>\u003c/a> is based on their legal disagreements, and their affection for each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, as Ginsburg's place on the court grew in seniority, so did her role. In 2006, as the court veered right after the retirement of Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, Ginsburg dissented more often and more assertively, her most passionate dissents coming in women's rights cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dissenting in \u003cem>Ledbetter v. Goodyear\u003c/em> in 2007, she called on Congress to pass legislation that would override a court decision that drastically limited back-pay available for victims of employment discrimination. The resulting legislation was the first bill passed in 2009 after President Barack Obama took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, she dissented fiercely from the court's decision in \u003cem>Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, \u003c/em>a decision that allowed some for-profit companies to refuse, on religious grounds, to comply with a federal mandate to cover birth control in health care plans. Such an exemption, she said, would \"deny legions of women who do not hold their employers' beliefs, access to contraceptive coverage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where, she asked, \"is the stopping point?\" Suppose it offends an employer's religious belief \"to pay the minimum wage\" or \"to accord women equal pay?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2013, when the court struck down a key provision of the Voting Rights Act, contending that times had changed and the law was no longer needed, Ginsburg dissented. She said that throwing out the provision \"when it has worked and is continuing to work ... is like throwing away your umbrella in a rainstorm because you are not getting wet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Ruth Bader Ginsberg']'Some of my favorite opinions are dissenting opinions ... I will not live to see what becomes of them, but I remain hopeful'[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She viewed her dissents as a chance to persuade a future court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some of my favorite opinions are dissenting opinions,\" Ginsburg told NPR. \"I will not live to see what becomes of them, but I remain hopeful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet, Ginsburg still managed some unexpected victories by winning over one or two of the conservative justices in important cases. In 2015, for example, she authored the court's decision upholding independent redistricting commissions established by voter referenda as a way of removing some of the partisanship in drawing legislative district lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginsburg always kept a backbreaking schedule of public appearances both at home and abroad\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>even after five bouts with cancer: colon cancer in 1999, pancreatic cancer 10 years later, lung cancer in 2018, and then pancreatic cancer again in 2019 and liver lesions in 2020. During that time, she endured chemotherapy, radiation, and in the last years of her life, terrible pain from shingles that never went away completely. All who knew her admired her grit. In 2009, three weeks after major cancer surgery, she surprised everyone when she showed up for the State of the Union address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after that, she was back on the bench; it was her husband Marty who told her she could do it, even when she thought she could not, she told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year later her psychological toughness was on full display when her beloved husband of 56 years was mortally ill. As she packed up his things at the hospital before taking him home to die, she found a note he had written to her. \"My Dearest Ruth,\" it began, \"You are the only person I have ever loved,\" setting aside children and family. \"I have admired and loved you almost since the day we first met at Cornell....The time has come for me to ... take leave of life because the loss of quality simply overwhelms. I hope you will support where I come out, but I understand you may not. I will not love you a jot less.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after that, Marty Ginsburg died at home. The next day, his wife, the justice, was on the bench, reading an important opinion she had authored for the court. She was there, she said, because \"Marty would have wanted it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, she would read the letter aloud in an NPR interview, and at the end, choke down the tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years after Marty's death, she would persevere without him, maintaining a jam-packed schedule when she was not on the bench or working on opinions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some liberals criticicized her for not retiring while Obama was president, but she was at the top of her game, enjoyed her work enormously, and feared that Republicans might not confirm a successor. She was an avid consumer of opera, literature, and modern art. But in the end, it was her work, she said, that sustained her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I do think that I was born under a very bright star,\" she said in an NPR interview. \"Because if you think about my life, I get out of law school. I have top grades. No law firm in the city of New York will hire me. I end up teaching; it gave me time to devote to the movement for evening out the rights of women and men. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it was that legal crusade for women's rights that ultimately led to her appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the end of her tenure, she remained a special kind of feminist, both decorous and dogged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Justice+Ruth+Bader+Ginsburg%2C+Champion+Of+Gender+Equality%2C+Dies+At+87&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Ginsburg, the second woman to serve on the Supreme Court, died from complications from cancer. Her death will set in motion what promises to be a tumultuous political battle over who will succeed her.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1600479183,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":78,"wordCount":3699},"headData":{"title":"Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Champion of Gender Equality, Dies at 87 | KQED","description":"Ginsburg, the second woman to serve on the Supreme Court, died from complications from cancer. Her death will set in motion what promises to be a tumultuous political battle over who will succeed her.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11838760 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11838760","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/09/18/justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-champion-of-gender-equality-dies-at-87/","disqusTitle":"Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Champion of Gender Equality, Dies at 87","nprImageCredit":"Ariel Zambelich","nprByline":"Nina Totenberg","nprImageAgency":"NPR","nprStoryId":"100306972","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=100306972&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/18/100306972/justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-champion-of-gender-equality-dies-at-87?ft=nprml&f=100306972","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 18 Sep 2020 19:28:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 18 Sep 2020 19:28:42 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 18 Sep 2020 19:29:04 -0400","path":"/news/11838760/justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-champion-of-gender-equality-dies-at-87","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the demure firebrand who in her 80s became a legal, cultural, and feminist icon has died. The Supreme Court announced her death, saying the cause was complications from cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Architect of the legal fight for women's rights in the 1970s, Ginsburg subsequently served 27 years on the nation's highest court, becoming its most prominent member. Her death will inevitably set in motion what promises to be a nasty and tumultuous political battle over who will succeed her, and it thrusts the Supreme Court vacancy into the spotlight of the presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just days before her death, as her strength waned, Ginsburg dictated this statement to her granddaughter Clara Spera: \"My most fervent wish is that I will not be replaced until a new president is installed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She knew what was to come. Ginsburg's death will have profound consequences for the court and the country. Inside the court, not only is the leader of the liberal wing gone, but with the Court about to open a new term, Chief Justice John Roberts no longer holds the controlling vote in closely contested cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he has a consistently conservative record in most cases, he has split from fellow conservatives in a few important ones, this year casting his vote with liberals, for instance, to at least temporarily protect the so-called Dreamers from deportation by the Trump administration, to uphold a major abortion precedent, and to uphold bans on large church gatherings during the coronavirus pandemic. But with Ginsburg gone, there is no clear court majority for those outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838795\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1982px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11838795 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_12_slide-93969b5aa430b7b6996ffc5f8f081178be82fa88-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1982\" height=\"1320\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_12_slide-93969b5aa430b7b6996ffc5f8f081178be82fa88-2.jpg 1982w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_12_slide-93969b5aa430b7b6996ffc5f8f081178be82fa88-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_12_slide-93969b5aa430b7b6996ffc5f8f081178be82fa88-2-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_12_slide-93969b5aa430b7b6996ffc5f8f081178be82fa88-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_12_slide-93969b5aa430b7b6996ffc5f8f081178be82fa88-2-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_12_slide-93969b5aa430b7b6996ffc5f8f081178be82fa88-2-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1982px) 100vw, 1982px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ginsburg speaks during the annual meeting of the American Society of International Law in Washington on April 1, 2005. \u003ccite>(Haraz Ghanbari/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Upcoming Political Battle\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Indeed, a week after the upcoming presidential election, the court is for the third time scheduled to hear a challenge brought by Republicans to the Affordable Care Act, known as Obamacare. In 2012 the high court upheld the law by a 5-to-4 vote, with Chief Justice Roberts casting the deciding vote and writing the opinion for the majority. But this time the outcome may well be different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because Ginsburg's death gives Republicans the chance to tighten their grip on the court with another Trump appointment that would give conservatives a 6-to-3 majority. And that would mean that even a defection on the right would leave conservatives with enough votes to prevail in the Obamacare case and many others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the center of the battle to achieve that will be Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell. In 2016 he took a step unprecedented in modern times: He refused for nearly a year to allow any consideration of President Obama's supreme court nominee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'My most fervent wish is that I will not be replaced until a new president is installed.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, McConnell's justification was the upcoming presidential election, which he said would allow voters a chance to weigh in on what kind of justice they wanted. But now, with the tables turned, McConnell has made clear he will not follow the same course. Instead he will try immediately push through a Trump nominee so as to ensure a conservative justice to fill Ginsburg's liberal shoes, even if President Trump were to lose his reelection bid. Asked what he would do in circumstances like these, McConnell said: \"Oh, we'd fill it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what happens in the coming weeks will be bare-knuckle politics, writ large, on the stage of a presidential election. It will be a fight Ginsburg had hoped to avoid, telling Justice Stevens shortly before his death that she hoped to serve as long as he did — until age 90.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My dream is that I will stay on the court as long as he did,\" she said in an interview in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838802\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11838802 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/11076641_h21192027_slide-6dd2122ae20b3e23ba078e4afeb0c7cfce0227b8-2-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1705\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/11076641_h21192027_slide-6dd2122ae20b3e23ba078e4afeb0c7cfce0227b8-2-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/11076641_h21192027_slide-6dd2122ae20b3e23ba078e4afeb0c7cfce0227b8-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/11076641_h21192027_slide-6dd2122ae20b3e23ba078e4afeb0c7cfce0227b8-2-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/11076641_h21192027_slide-6dd2122ae20b3e23ba078e4afeb0c7cfce0227b8-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/11076641_h21192027_slide-6dd2122ae20b3e23ba078e4afeb0c7cfce0227b8-2-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/11076641_h21192027_slide-6dd2122ae20b3e23ba078e4afeb0c7cfce0227b8-2-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/11076641_h21192027_slide-6dd2122ae20b3e23ba078e4afeb0c7cfce0227b8-2-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ginsburg hugs President Barack Obama as he arrives to deliver his State of the Union speech on Capitol Hill on Feb. 12, 2013. \u003ccite>(Jason Reed/Reuters /Landov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>'Tough As Nails'\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>She didn't quite make it. But Ruth Bader Ginsburg was nonetheless an historic figure. She changed the way the world is for American women. For more than a decade, until her first judicial appointment in 1980, she led the fight in the courts for gender equality. When she began her legal crusade, women were treated, by law, differently from men. Hundreds of state and federal laws restricted what women could do, barring them from jobs, rights and even from jury service. By the time she donned judicial robes, however, Ginsburg had worked a revolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was never more evident than in 1996 when, as a relatively new Supreme Court justice, Ginsburg wrote the court's 7-to-1 opinion declaring that the Virginia Military Institute could no longer remain an all-male institution. True, said Ginsburg, most women — indeed most men — would not want to meet the rigorous demands of VMI. But the state, she said, could not exclude women who could meet those demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Reliance on overbroad generalizations ... estimates about the way most men or most women are, will not suffice to deny opportunity to women whose talent and capacity place them outside the average description,\" Ginsburg wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was an unlikely pioneer, a diminutive and shy woman, whose soft voice and large glasses hid an intellect and attitude that, as one colleague put it, was \"tough as nails.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time she was in her 80s, she had become something of a rock star to women of all ages. She was the subject of a hit documentary, a biopic, an operetta, merchandise galore featuring her \"Notorious RBG\" moniker, a Time magazine cover, and regular \"Saturday Night Live\" sketches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one occasion in 2016, Ginsburg got herself into trouble and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/07/14/486080234/listen-justice-ginsburg-expands-on-decision-to-apologize-for-trump-remarks\">later publicly apologized\u003c/a> for disparaging remarks she made about then-presidential candidate Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the most part Ginsburg enjoyed her fame and maintained a sense of humor about herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the fact that she had apparently fallen asleep during the 2015 State of the Union address, Ginsburg did not take the Fifth, admitting that although she had vowed not to drink at dinner with the other justices before the speech, the wine had just been too good to resist. The result, she said, was that she was perhaps not an entirely \"sober judge\" and kept nodding off.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Road To Law\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Born in Brooklyn, N.Y., Ruth Bader went to public schools, where she excelled as a student — and as a baton twirler. By all accounts, it was her mother who was the driving force in her young life, but Celia Bader died of cancer the day before the future Justice would graduate from high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then 17, Ruth Bader went on to Cornell on full scholarship, where she met Martin (aka \"Marty\") Ginsburg. \"What made Marty so overwhelmingly attractive to me was that he cared that I had a brain,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After her graduation, they were married and went off to Fort Sill, Okla., for his military service. There Mrs. Ginsburg, despite scoring high on the civil service exam, could only get a job as a typist, and when she became pregnant, she lost even that job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years later, the couple returned to the East Coast to attend Harvard Law School. She was one of only nine women in a class of over 500 and found the dean asking her why she was taking up a place that \"should go to a man.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Harvard, she was the academic star, not Marty. The couple was busy juggling schedules, and their toddler when Marty was diagnosed with testicular cancer. Surgeries and aggressive radiation followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So that left Ruth with a 3-year-old child, a fairly sick husband, the law review, classes to attend and feeding me,\" said Marty Ginsburg in a 1993 interview with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experience also taught the future justice that sleep was a luxury. During the year of Marty's illness, he was only able to eat late at night; after that he would dictate his senior class paper to Ruth. At about 2 a.m., he would go back to sleep, Ginsburg recalled in an NPR interview. \"Then I'd take out the books and start reading what I needed to be prepared for classes the next day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marty Ginsburg survived, graduated, and got a job in New York; his wife, a year behind him in school, transferred to Columbia, where she graduated at the top of her law school class. Despite her academic achievements, the doors to law firms were closed to women, and though recommended for a Supreme Court clerkship, she wasn't even interviewed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was bad enough that she was a woman, she recalled later, but she was also a mother, and male judges worried that she would be diverted by her \"familial obligations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mentor, law professor Gerald Gunther, finally got her a clerkship in New York by promising Judge Edmund Palmieri that if she couldn't do the work, he would provide someone who could. That was \"the carrot,\" Ginsburg would say later. \"The stick\" was that Gunther, who regularly fed his best students to Palmieri, told the judge that if he didn't take Ginsburg, Gunther would never send him a clerk again. The Ginsburg clerkship apparently was a success; Palmieri kept her not for the usual one year, but two, from 1959-61.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginsburg's next path is rarely talked about, mainly because it doesn't fit the narrative. She learned Swedish so she could work with Anders Berzelius, a Swedish civil procedure scholar. Through the Columbia Law School Project on International Procedure, Ginsburg and Berzelius co-authored a book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1963, Ginsburg finally landed a teaching job at Rutgers law school, where she at one point hid her second pregnancy by wearing her mother-in-law's clothes. The ruse worked; her contract was renewed before her new baby was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While at Rutgers, she began her work fighting gender discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838804\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1185px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11838804 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ap03091207588_slide-1f65fe415831459bc01bfcf6e20b79d72a4ed335-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1185\" height=\"790\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ap03091207588_slide-1f65fe415831459bc01bfcf6e20b79d72a4ed335-2.jpg 1185w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ap03091207588_slide-1f65fe415831459bc01bfcf6e20b79d72a4ed335-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ap03091207588_slide-1f65fe415831459bc01bfcf6e20b79d72a4ed335-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ap03091207588_slide-1f65fe415831459bc01bfcf6e20b79d72a4ed335-2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1185px) 100vw, 1185px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ginsburg and her husband, Marty, laugh as they listen to Justice Stephen Breyer speak at Columbia Law School on Sept. 12, 2003 \u003ccite>(Ed Bailey/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The 'Mother Brief'\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Her first big case was a challenge to a law that barred a Colorado man named Charles Moritz from taking a tax deduction for the care of his 89-year-old mother. The IRS said the deduction, by statute, could only be claimed by women, or widowed or divorced men. But Moritz had never married.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax court concluded that the internal revenue code was immune to constitutional challenge, a notion that tax lawyer Marty Ginsburg viewed as \"preposterous.\" The two Ginsburgs took on the case, he from the tax perspective, she from the constitutional perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Marty Ginsburg, for his wife, this was the \"mother brief.\" She had to think through all the issues and how to fix the inequity. The solution was to ask the court not to invalidate the statute but to apply it equally to both sexes. She won in the lower courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Amazingly,\" he recalled in a 1993 NPR interview, the government petitioned the United States Supreme Court, stating that the decision \"cast a cloud of unconstitutionality\" over literally hundreds of federal statutes, and it attached a list of those statutes, which it compiled with Defense Department computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those laws, Marty Ginsburg added, \"were the statutes that my wife then litigated ... to overturn over the next decade.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1971, she would write her first Supreme Court brief in the case of \u003cem>Reed v. Reed. \u003c/em>Ginsburg represented Sally Reed, who thought she should be the executor of her son's estate instead of her ex-husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The constitutional issue was whether a state could automatically prefer men over women as executors of estates. The answer from the all-male supreme court: no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the first time the court had ever struck down a state law because it discriminated based on gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838798\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1980px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11838798\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_17-259490fa8dad7bbf54882da381ffae57a4ccc155-2-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1980\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_17-259490fa8dad7bbf54882da381ffae57a4ccc155-2-scaled.jpg 1980w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_17-259490fa8dad7bbf54882da381ffae57a4ccc155-2-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_17-259490fa8dad7bbf54882da381ffae57a4ccc155-2-1020x1319.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_17-259490fa8dad7bbf54882da381ffae57a4ccc155-2-160x207.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_17-259490fa8dad7bbf54882da381ffae57a4ccc155-2-1188x1536.jpg 1188w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_17-259490fa8dad7bbf54882da381ffae57a4ccc155-2-1584x2048.jpg 1584w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_17-259490fa8dad7bbf54882da381ffae57a4ccc155-2-1920x2483.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1980px) 100vw, 1980px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ginsburg talks with filmmaker David Grubin about his PBS series, \u003cem>The Jewish Americans\u003c/em>, on Jan. 10, 2008. \u003ccite>(Kevin Wolf/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And that was just the beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By then Ginsburg was earning quite a reputation. She would become the first female tenured professor at Columbia Law School, and she would found the Women's Rights Project at the ACLU.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the chief architect of the battle for women's legal rights, Ginsburg devised a strategy that was characteristically cautious, precise and single-mindedly aimed at one goal: winning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing that she had to persuade male, establishment-oriented judges, she often picked male plaintiffs, and she liked Social Security cases because they illustrated how discrimination against women can harm men. For example, in \u003cem>Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld\u003c/em>, she represented a man whose wife, the principal breadwinner, died in childbirth. The husband sought survivor's benefits to care for his child, but under the then-existing Social Security law, only widows, not widowers, were entitled to such benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This absolute exclusion, based on gender per se, operates to the disadvantage of female workers, their surviving spouses, and their children,\" Ginsburg told the justices at oral argument. The Supreme Court would ultimately agree, as it did in five of the six cases she argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the ensuing years, Ginsburg would file dozens of briefs seeking to persuade the courts that the 14th Amendment guarantee of equal protection applies not just to racial and ethnic minorities, but to women as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with NPR, she explained the legal theory that she eventually sold to the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The words of the 14th Amendment's equal protection clause — 'nor shall any state deny to any person the equal protection of the laws.' Well that word, 'any person,' covers women as well as men. And the Supreme Court woke up to that reality in 1971,\" Ginsburg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During these pioneering years, Ginsburg would often work through the night as she had during law school. But by this time, she had two children, and she later liked to tell a story about the lesson she learned when her son, in grade school, seemed to have a proclivity for getting into trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scrapes were hardly major, and Ginsburg grew exasperated by demands from school administrators that she come in to discuss her son's alleged misbehavior. Finally, there came a day when she had had enough. \"I had stayed up all night the night before, and I said to the principal, 'This child has two parents. Please alternate calls.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that, she found, the calls were few and far between. It seemed, she said, that most infractions were not worth calling a busy husband about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11838809 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ap120411123595_wide-5910f9126165cf78bce8466017fc59b9d3219834-2-scaled-e1600473699297.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ginsburg (left) joins the only three other women to sit on the U.S. Supreme Court — Sandra Day O'Connor, Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan — in a celebration of O'Connor, the first woman justice, at the Newseum in Washington in 20 \u003ccite>(Manuel Balce Ceneta/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Supreme Court's Second Woman\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 1980 then-President Jimmy Carter named Ginsburg to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. Over the next 13 years, she would amass a record as something of a centrist liberal, and in 1993 then-President Bill Clinton nominated her to the Supreme Court, the second woman appointed to the position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was not first on his list. For months Clinton flirted with other potential nominees, and some women's rights activists withheld their active support because they were worried about Ginsburg's views on abortion. She had been publicly critical of the legal reasoning in \u003cem>Roe v. Wade. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the background, Marty Ginsburg was lobbying hard for his wife. And finally Ruth Ginsburg was invited for a meeting with the president. As one White House official put it afterward, Clinton \"fell for her--hook, line and sinker.\" So did the Senate. She was confirmed by a vote of 96 to 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11838774\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11838774 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_04_slide-e0cecae8ed53293f57d73bceba92176c9c11813f-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1706\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_04_slide-e0cecae8ed53293f57d73bceba92176c9c11813f-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_04_slide-e0cecae8ed53293f57d73bceba92176c9c11813f-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_04_slide-e0cecae8ed53293f57d73bceba92176c9c11813f-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_04_slide-e0cecae8ed53293f57d73bceba92176c9c11813f-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_04_slide-e0cecae8ed53293f57d73bceba92176c9c11813f-1-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_04_slide-e0cecae8ed53293f57d73bceba92176c9c11813f-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/ruth_04_slide-e0cecae8ed53293f57d73bceba92176c9c11813f-1-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">President Bill Clinton announces Ruth Bader Ginsburg as his nominee to the Supreme Court during a news conference in Washington D.C., on June 14, 1993. Ginsburg replaced retired Justice Byron White and became the nation's second female justice. \u003ccite>(Doug Mills/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once on the court, Ginsburg was an example of a woman who defied stereotypes. Though she looked tiny and frail, she rode horses well into her 70s and even went parasailing. At home, it was her husband who was the chef, indeed a master chef, while the justice cheerfully acknowledged that she was an awful cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though a liberal, she and the court's conservative icon, Antonin Scalia, now deceased, were the closest of friends. Indeed, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2013/07/10/200137481/scalia-v-ginsburg-supreme-court-sparring-put-to-music\">an opera called \u003cem>Scalia/Ginsburg\u003c/em>\u003c/a> is based on their legal disagreements, and their affection for each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, as Ginsburg's place on the court grew in seniority, so did her role. In 2006, as the court veered right after the retirement of Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, Ginsburg dissented more often and more assertively, her most passionate dissents coming in women's rights cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dissenting in \u003cem>Ledbetter v. Goodyear\u003c/em> in 2007, she called on Congress to pass legislation that would override a court decision that drastically limited back-pay available for victims of employment discrimination. The resulting legislation was the first bill passed in 2009 after President Barack Obama took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, she dissented fiercely from the court's decision in \u003cem>Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, \u003c/em>a decision that allowed some for-profit companies to refuse, on religious grounds, to comply with a federal mandate to cover birth control in health care plans. Such an exemption, she said, would \"deny legions of women who do not hold their employers' beliefs, access to contraceptive coverage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where, she asked, \"is the stopping point?\" Suppose it offends an employer's religious belief \"to pay the minimum wage\" or \"to accord women equal pay?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2013, when the court struck down a key provision of the Voting Rights Act, contending that times had changed and the law was no longer needed, Ginsburg dissented. She said that throwing out the provision \"when it has worked and is continuing to work ... is like throwing away your umbrella in a rainstorm because you are not getting wet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Some of my favorite opinions are dissenting opinions ... I will not live to see what becomes of them, but I remain hopeful'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Ruth Bader Ginsberg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She viewed her dissents as a chance to persuade a future court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some of my favorite opinions are dissenting opinions,\" Ginsburg told NPR. \"I will not live to see what becomes of them, but I remain hopeful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet, Ginsburg still managed some unexpected victories by winning over one or two of the conservative justices in important cases. In 2015, for example, she authored the court's decision upholding independent redistricting commissions established by voter referenda as a way of removing some of the partisanship in drawing legislative district lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginsburg always kept a backbreaking schedule of public appearances both at home and abroad\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>even after five bouts with cancer: colon cancer in 1999, pancreatic cancer 10 years later, lung cancer in 2018, and then pancreatic cancer again in 2019 and liver lesions in 2020. During that time, she endured chemotherapy, radiation, and in the last years of her life, terrible pain from shingles that never went away completely. All who knew her admired her grit. In 2009, three weeks after major cancer surgery, she surprised everyone when she showed up for the State of the Union address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after that, she was back on the bench; it was her husband Marty who told her she could do it, even when she thought she could not, she told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year later her psychological toughness was on full display when her beloved husband of 56 years was mortally ill. As she packed up his things at the hospital before taking him home to die, she found a note he had written to her. \"My Dearest Ruth,\" it began, \"You are the only person I have ever loved,\" setting aside children and family. \"I have admired and loved you almost since the day we first met at Cornell....The time has come for me to ... take leave of life because the loss of quality simply overwhelms. I hope you will support where I come out, but I understand you may not. I will not love you a jot less.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after that, Marty Ginsburg died at home. The next day, his wife, the justice, was on the bench, reading an important opinion she had authored for the court. She was there, she said, because \"Marty would have wanted it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, she would read the letter aloud in an NPR interview, and at the end, choke down the tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years after Marty's death, she would persevere without him, maintaining a jam-packed schedule when she was not on the bench or working on opinions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some liberals criticicized her for not retiring while Obama was president, but she was at the top of her game, enjoyed her work enormously, and feared that Republicans might not confirm a successor. She was an avid consumer of opera, literature, and modern art. But in the end, it was her work, she said, that sustained her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I do think that I was born under a very bright star,\" she said in an NPR interview. \"Because if you think about my life, I get out of law school. I have top grades. No law firm in the city of New York will hire me. I end up teaching; it gave me time to devote to the movement for evening out the rights of women and men. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it was that legal crusade for women's rights that ultimately led to her appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the end of her tenure, she remained a special kind of feminist, both decorous and dogged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Justice+Ruth+Bader+Ginsburg%2C+Champion+Of+Gender+Equality%2C+Dies+At+87&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11838760/justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-champion-of-gender-equality-dies-at-87","authors":["byline_news_11838760"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_27626","news_21442","news_17827","news_22467","news_932","news_1172"],"featImg":"news_11838773","label":"news_72"},"news_11639562":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11639562","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11639562","score":null,"sort":[1514661024000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"new-california-laws-cover-immigration-marijuana-education","title":"New California Laws Cover Immigration, Marijuana, Education","publishDate":1514661024,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>State lawmakers in 2017 passed nearly 900 bills that Gov. Jerry Brown then signed into law. Most of them take effect Monday. The new laws cover topics ranging from the Trump administration's immigration crackdown, to the state's new recreational cannabis market, to the price of a college education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the laws taking effect with the new year:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>IMMIGRATION\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police will no longer be able to ask people about their immigration status or participate in federal immigration enforcement actions under a law making California a sanctuary state. The law also allows jail officials to transfer inmates to federal immigration authorities only if they have been convicted of certain crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was among numerous bills designed to thwart the policies of President Donald Trump's administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also starting Monday, immigration officials will need a warrant to access workplaces or employee records and landlords will be barred from disclosing tenants' citizenship. Another new law will prohibit university officials from cooperating with immigration officers. [contextly_sidebar id=\"e7bzpXdXbBTKozmkmA6ddAgIKP4NulMX\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An additional bill will bar law enforcement officials from detaining a crime victim or witness only because of an actual or suspected immigration violation, or turning them over to immigration authorities without a warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CANNABIS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sales of recreational marijuana will be legal under a 2016 voter initiative that created the nation's biggest legal drug market.[contextly_sidebar id=\"TPqyoeCv5nqT6osVDHH44eS8AAJIOsRj\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it will be illegal to take and drive a under bill taking effect Jan. 1 that outlaws smoking and ingesting marijuana, just as it's already unlawful for drivers or passengers to drink alcohol while driving. A separate law that took effect in June bars the possession of open containers of cannabis while driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ON THE JOB\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state minimum wage will increase to $10.50 per hour for businesses with 25 or fewer employees and to $11 per hour for those with 26 or more employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small businesses with between 20 and 49 people will have to offer 12 weeks of unpaid maternity and paternity leave to employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employers can't ask job applicants about their past salaries, a measure designed to narrow the pay gap between men and women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will become the 10th state to require both public- and private-sector employers of five or more employees to delay background checks and inquiries about job applicants' conviction records until they have made a conditional job offer, a measure known as \"ban the box.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those arrested but not convicted of a crime may ask a judge to seal their records, a move advocates say will help them get hired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>HEALTH-RELATED\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmaceutical companies must give advance notice before big price increases, although a drugmakers' trade group is suing to block the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be illegal to deny admission to long-term care facilities based on gender identity or sexual orientation or to repeatedly fail to use a resident's preferred name or pronoun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CLIMATE CHANGE\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Old-fashioned incandescent light bulbs will start disappearing from shelves because they can no longer meet energy efficiency standards under a 2007 federal law. That leaves compact fluorescent lights or light-emitting diode bulbs under the regulations, which take effect nationwide in 2020. The federal law let California impose the higher standards two years early. Although the industry is fighting the change in court, a federal judge is letting the restriction take effect while the case continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EDUCATION\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first year of community college may be free for full-time, in-state students under a law that waives the $46 per unit fee for one academic year for first-time students. Lawmakers still must provide the money in the next budget. California follows Tennessee in creating the program, though California previously offered free tuition until 1984.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public schools must test yearly for lead in their water supplies under a law passed in response to problems in San Ysidro schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students in grades 7-12 must be taught about sexual abuse and human trafficking prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools will be prohibited from \"lunch shaming,\" or publicly denying lunch to students or providing a snack instead because their parents haven't paid meal fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public schools serving low-income students in grades 6 to 12 must provide free tampons and menstrual products in half of restrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>FIREARMS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ammunition purchased in another state, online or through a catalog can't be brought into California except through a licensed ammunition dealer under Proposition 63, approved by voters in 2016. The initiative also sets a new process and deadlines for gun owners to give up their weapons if they are convicted of a felony or certain violent misdemeanors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Superintendents can no longer allow people with permits to carry concealed guns on school grounds under a separate new law. Only about five school districts previously had such policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CRIMINAL JUSTICE\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Repeat drug offenders will no longer automatically get an additional three years added to their sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criminals who videotape or stream their crimes on social media could face longer sentences under a law that allows judges to consider the recordings as aggravating factors in sentences for certain violent crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials must consider paroling inmates who are age 60 or older and have served at least 25 years under a law that largely mirrors a 2014 federal court order designed to help reduce prison overcrowding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intentionally transmitting the AIDS-causing virus HIV is being reduced from a felony to a misdemeanor, the same punishment as transmitting other communicable diseases.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nJUVENILE OFFENDERS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California inmates serving life sentences for crimes they committed as juveniles will get the chance to leave prison after 25 years, making state law conform to recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bill expands California's youthful parole program to age 25. State law already required that inmates who were under 23 when they committed their crimes be considered for parole after serving at least 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families of youths in the juvenile justice system won't be charged fees that advocates say many can't afford to pay under a separate law. Another will require offenders age 15 or younger to consult with attorneys before waiving their rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One more bill will require that records be sealed for dismissed juvenile court petitions or after a juvenile completes a diversion program, while another will let a judge seal juvenile records even for serious or violent offenses after the offender has completed the sentence.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"State lawmakers in 2017 passed nearly 900 bills that Gov. Jerry Brown then signed into law. Most of them take effect Monday.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1514660163,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":41,"wordCount":1066},"headData":{"title":"New California Laws Cover Immigration, Marijuana, Education | KQED","description":"State lawmakers in 2017 passed nearly 900 bills that Gov. Jerry Brown then signed into law. Most of them take effect Monday.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11639562 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11639562","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/30/new-california-laws-cover-immigration-marijuana-education/","disqusTitle":"New California Laws Cover Immigration, Marijuana, Education","source":"Associated Press","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>Don Thompson\u003c/strong> \u003c/br> Associated Press","path":"/news/11639562/new-california-laws-cover-immigration-marijuana-education","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>State lawmakers in 2017 passed nearly 900 bills that Gov. Jerry Brown then signed into law. Most of them take effect Monday. The new laws cover topics ranging from the Trump administration's immigration crackdown, to the state's new recreational cannabis market, to the price of a college education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the laws taking effect with the new year:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>IMMIGRATION\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police will no longer be able to ask people about their immigration status or participate in federal immigration enforcement actions under a law making California a sanctuary state. The law also allows jail officials to transfer inmates to federal immigration authorities only if they have been convicted of certain crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was among numerous bills designed to thwart the policies of President Donald Trump's administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also starting Monday, immigration officials will need a warrant to access workplaces or employee records and landlords will be barred from disclosing tenants' citizenship. Another new law will prohibit university officials from cooperating with immigration officers. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An additional bill will bar law enforcement officials from detaining a crime victim or witness only because of an actual or suspected immigration violation, or turning them over to immigration authorities without a warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CANNABIS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sales of recreational marijuana will be legal under a 2016 voter initiative that created the nation's biggest legal drug market.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it will be illegal to take and drive a under bill taking effect Jan. 1 that outlaws smoking and ingesting marijuana, just as it's already unlawful for drivers or passengers to drink alcohol while driving. A separate law that took effect in June bars the possession of open containers of cannabis while driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ON THE JOB\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state minimum wage will increase to $10.50 per hour for businesses with 25 or fewer employees and to $11 per hour for those with 26 or more employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small businesses with between 20 and 49 people will have to offer 12 weeks of unpaid maternity and paternity leave to employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employers can't ask job applicants about their past salaries, a measure designed to narrow the pay gap between men and women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will become the 10th state to require both public- and private-sector employers of five or more employees to delay background checks and inquiries about job applicants' conviction records until they have made a conditional job offer, a measure known as \"ban the box.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those arrested but not convicted of a crime may ask a judge to seal their records, a move advocates say will help them get hired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>HEALTH-RELATED\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmaceutical companies must give advance notice before big price increases, although a drugmakers' trade group is suing to block the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be illegal to deny admission to long-term care facilities based on gender identity or sexual orientation or to repeatedly fail to use a resident's preferred name or pronoun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CLIMATE CHANGE\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Old-fashioned incandescent light bulbs will start disappearing from shelves because they can no longer meet energy efficiency standards under a 2007 federal law. That leaves compact fluorescent lights or light-emitting diode bulbs under the regulations, which take effect nationwide in 2020. The federal law let California impose the higher standards two years early. Although the industry is fighting the change in court, a federal judge is letting the restriction take effect while the case continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EDUCATION\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first year of community college may be free for full-time, in-state students under a law that waives the $46 per unit fee for one academic year for first-time students. Lawmakers still must provide the money in the next budget. California follows Tennessee in creating the program, though California previously offered free tuition until 1984.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public schools must test yearly for lead in their water supplies under a law passed in response to problems in San Ysidro schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students in grades 7-12 must be taught about sexual abuse and human trafficking prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools will be prohibited from \"lunch shaming,\" or publicly denying lunch to students or providing a snack instead because their parents haven't paid meal fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public schools serving low-income students in grades 6 to 12 must provide free tampons and menstrual products in half of restrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>FIREARMS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ammunition purchased in another state, online or through a catalog can't be brought into California except through a licensed ammunition dealer under Proposition 63, approved by voters in 2016. The initiative also sets a new process and deadlines for gun owners to give up their weapons if they are convicted of a felony or certain violent misdemeanors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Superintendents can no longer allow people with permits to carry concealed guns on school grounds under a separate new law. Only about five school districts previously had such policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CRIMINAL JUSTICE\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Repeat drug offenders will no longer automatically get an additional three years added to their sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criminals who videotape or stream their crimes on social media could face longer sentences under a law that allows judges to consider the recordings as aggravating factors in sentences for certain violent crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials must consider paroling inmates who are age 60 or older and have served at least 25 years under a law that largely mirrors a 2014 federal court order designed to help reduce prison overcrowding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intentionally transmitting the AIDS-causing virus HIV is being reduced from a felony to a misdemeanor, the same punishment as transmitting other communicable diseases.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nJUVENILE OFFENDERS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California inmates serving life sentences for crimes they committed as juveniles will get the chance to leave prison after 25 years, making state law conform to recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bill expands California's youthful parole program to age 25. State law already required that inmates who were under 23 when they committed their crimes be considered for parole after serving at least 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families of youths in the juvenile justice system won't be charged fees that advocates say many can't afford to pay under a separate law. Another will require offenders age 15 or younger to consult with attorneys before waiving their rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One more bill will require that records be sealed for dismissed juvenile court petitions or after a juvenile completes a diversion program, while another will let a judge seal juvenile records even for serious or violent offenses after the offender has completed the sentence.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11639562/new-california-laws-cover-immigration-marijuana-education","authors":["byline_news_11639562"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_255","news_20013","news_1930","news_20202","news_21442","news_102","news_2141","news_17286"],"featImg":"news_11639565","label":"source_news_11639562"},"news_11611509":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11611509","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11611509","score":null,"sort":[1502500238000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"mounting-tensions-with-north-korea-google-memo-diversity-in-tech-justice-goodwin-liu","title":"Mounting Tensions with North Korea, Google Memo: Diversity in Tech, Justice Goodwin Liu","publishDate":1502500238,"format":"video","headTitle":"KQED Newsroom | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":7052,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mounting Tensions with North Korea \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tensions between the United States and North Korea are continuing to escalate as President Trump issues warnings about his willingness to use military force, and North Korea continues with its missile-testing program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guest: David Schmerler, Middlebury Institute of International Studies research associate\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Google Memo: Diversity in Tech\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google’s decision to fire a software engineer for the contents of his controversial 10-page manifesto about differences between men and women in the workplace has sparked a national debate over diversity and free speech. We look at Silicon Valley’s struggle with diversity and why the alt-right is weighing in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guests:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Queena Kim, KQED Silicon Valley desk senior editor \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Kourtni Marshall, Google software engineer \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Jonathan Tower, Catapult VC partner \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Justice Goodwin Liu\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past few decades, Asian-Americans have made great strides in the legal profession -- they now represent 5 percent of all attorneys in the U.S. -- yet they have been slower to advance to positions of leadership at both law firms and in courtrooms. California Supreme Court Justice Goodwin Liu discusses a new report he co-authored: \"A Portrait of Asian Americans in the Law.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Google’s decision to fire an employee over his 10-page manifesto has sparked a national debate. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1508888365,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":199},"headData":{"title":"Mounting Tensions with North Korea, Google Memo: Diversity in Tech, Justice Goodwin Liu | KQED","description":"Google’s decision to fire an employee over his 10-page manifesto has sparked a national debate. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11611509 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11611509","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/11/mounting-tensions-with-north-korea-google-memo-diversity-in-tech-justice-goodwin-liu/","disqusTitle":"Mounting Tensions with North Korea, Google Memo: Diversity in Tech, Justice Goodwin Liu","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/jXrwzHbrkEM","path":"/news/11611509/mounting-tensions-with-north-korea-google-memo-diversity-in-tech-justice-goodwin-liu","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mounting Tensions with North Korea \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tensions between the United States and North Korea are continuing to escalate as President Trump issues warnings about his willingness to use military force, and North Korea continues with its missile-testing program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guest: David Schmerler, Middlebury Institute of International Studies research associate\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Google Memo: Diversity in Tech\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google’s decision to fire a software engineer for the contents of his controversial 10-page manifesto about differences between men and women in the workplace has sparked a national debate over diversity and free speech. We look at Silicon Valley’s struggle with diversity and why the alt-right is weighing in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guests:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Queena Kim, KQED Silicon Valley desk senior editor \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Kourtni Marshall, Google software engineer \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Jonathan Tower, Catapult VC partner \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Justice Goodwin Liu\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past few decades, Asian-Americans have made great strides in the legal profession -- they now represent 5 percent of all attorneys in the U.S. -- yet they have been slower to advance to positions of leadership at both law firms and in courtrooms. California Supreme Court Justice Goodwin Liu discusses a new report he co-authored: \"A Portrait of Asian Americans in the Law.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11611509/mounting-tensions-with-north-korea-google-memo-diversity-in-tech-justice-goodwin-liu","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_7052"],"categories":["news_8","news_13","news_248"],"tags":["news_21444","news_20075","news_17687","news_18797","news_21415","news_21443","news_4593","news_20297","news_19177","news_21442","news_2166","news_20481","news_353","news_17623","news_2833"],"featImg":"news_11611513","label":"news_7052"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! 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Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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