Lawmakers Push to Give Newsom Power to Call Fracking Moratorium, Setting Stage for Oil Industry Battle
Anti-Fracking Activists in California Take Fight to County Ballots
California's Monterey Shale: Bonanza or Bust? Nobody Really Knows
Estimate of Recoverable Monterey Shale Oil Slashed by Officials
Santa Cruz Is First California County to Ban Fracking
Watch Live Video: Calif. Senate Committee Debates Fracking
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FM","link":"/"}},"news_11762903":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11762903","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11762903","score":null,"sort":[1564039842000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"lawmakers-push-to-give-newsom-power-to-call-fracking-moratorium-setting-stage-for-oil-industry-battle","title":"Lawmakers Push to Give Newsom Power to Call Fracking Moratorium, Setting Stage for Oil Industry Battle","publishDate":1564039842,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Nearly two weeks ago, the day after Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11760751/newsom-fires-state-oil-agency-chief-amid-spike-in-fracking-approvals\">fired California's top oil and gas regulator\u003c/a>, the governor said he does not have the legal authority to impose a moratorium on permits for hydraulic fracturing, known as fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The governor of California cannot do that,\" Newsom told reporters on July 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Laura Friedman, chair of the Assembly Committee on Natural Resources\"]'I don't think it's our responsibility to be expanding oil production and well stimulation in California.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, two key lawmakers — the chairs of the state Senate and Assembly committees overseeing large parts of the oil industry — say they're open to giving Newsom the power to bring new fracking operations to a halt in California, setting up what could be a significant battle with the powerful oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe that there would be support in the Legislature to provide him with that legal authority,\" said Assemblywoman Laura Friedman, D-Glendale, the chair of the Assembly Committee on Natural Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think it's our responsibility to be expanding oil production and well stimulation in California,\" Friedman added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm absolutely up for that partnership with this governor,\" said Henry Stern, D-Ventura, chairman of the Senate Natural Resources and Water Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog/general_information/Pages/HydraulicFracturing.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hydraulic fracturing\u003c/a> is an oil well stimulation method aimed at getting fuel out of the ground by using water and chemicals to crack open geological formations, allowing oil and water under the ground to flow more freely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"The Kern County Oil Spill\" tag=\"kern-county-oil-spill\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil industry says the technique helps provide the nation with a consistent source of domestic energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists say the chemicals used in the technique lead to air and water pollution and the potential contamination of drinking water. The work has also been blamed for causing earthquake activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The energy industry plans to increase its use of hydraulic fracturing, according to Deborah Sivas, a Stanford professor of environmental law who directs the school's Environmental Law Clinic and is a critic of the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's on the horizon that the oil companies want to increasingly use fracking in Southern California, where it's a technique that could potentially get more oil out of the ground. That's ramping up,\" said Sivas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To use the method, oil companies have to obtain permits from the state Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR), an agency that's been under increasing scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the division is overseeing the investigation and cleanup of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11762863/as-chevron-gets-ready-to-appeal-state-order-kern-county-spill-continues-to-grow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one of California's largest oil spills\u003c/a> in decades, the release of more than 1 million gallons of oil and water from a Chevron oil well site in Kern County, involving steam injection, a different method of oil extraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763321\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Newsom-at-Spill-Site-800x558.jpg\" alt=\"Gov. Gavin Newsom is briefed by Billy Lacobie, of Chevron (right), and Jason Marshall (center), acting supervisor of the state Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR) on Wednesday while touring the Chevron oil field near Bakersfield where a spill of at least 974,400 gallons of fluid have flowed into a dry creek bed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"558\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11763321\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Newsom-at-Spill-Site-800x558.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Newsom-at-Spill-Site-160x112.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Newsom-at-Spill-Site-1020x712.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Newsom-at-Spill-Site-1200x838.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Newsom-at-Spill-Site.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom is briefed by Billy Lacobie, of Chevron (right), and Jason Marshall (center), acting supervisor of the state Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR), on Wednesday while touring the Chevron oil field near Bakersfield where a spill of at least 974,400 gallons of fluid have flowed into a dry creek bed. \u003ccite>(Irfan Khan/Los Angeles Times/Pool)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two weeks ago, the advocacy groups Consumer Watchdog and FracTracker Alliance released data showing that DOGGR had been issuing fracking permits at twice the rate this year compared to 2018. The groups also revealed that several agency employees owned stock in the companies they regulate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor then \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11760751/newsom-fires-state-oil-agency-chief-amid-spike-in-fracking-approvals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ordered the firing of Ken Harris\u003c/a>, the head of DOGGR. Jason Marshall was appointed as acting supervisor of the division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom was asked about the change in leadership the following day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were conflicts that came to our attention. Those conflicts were real and very concerning,\" the governor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was then \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-gavin-newsom-oil-fracking-20190712-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">asked if he was imposing a moratorium on fracking\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't do that unilaterally. Legally you cannot,\" Newsom said. \"I have explored that during my transition,\" he said, adding that he has pushed for an overall transition from fossil fuel to more renewable sources of energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives of the governor's office did not return a request for comment on what led Newsom to come to that determination. A spokeswoman for the Department of Conservation, which oversees DOGGR, also did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor was asked about the issue again on Wednesday after he took a tour of the Chevron oil spill site in the area of the town of McKittrick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Legislature is going to need to make that determination. I certainly am inclined to investigate that and move in that direction,\" Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedman said she's open to working with Newsom to make sure he has the authority to issue a moratorium on new fracking permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We look forward to having a clean economy, using renewable sources of fuel. We have to start setting ourselves seriously on the road to accomplishing that. If the governor thinks he needs the Legislature's help ... to make that vision happen, I stand willing and able to do that,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stern said the governor may already have the authority to issue a moratorium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's got a lot on his plate. Now this one has got to move to the top of the agenda. It's an urgent situation,\" said Stern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stern was an aide to then-state Sen. Fran Pavley when she wrote SB 4, state legislation that led to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new rules regulating hydraulic fracturing\u003c/a> in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Western States Petroleum Association, which represents the region's oil industry, told KQED that a halt in new fracking operations would hurt the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Shutting down oil and gas production would increase dependence on foreign oil from the Middle East, eliminate hundreds of thousands of good-paying careers — including opportunities for blue collar and labor workers — and make energy less affordable for middle and working class Californians,\" Catherine Reheis-Boyd, the association's president, said in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Historically, our industry has shown a willingness to collaboratively work with regulators and elected officials toward landmark environmental legislation like the Cap-and-Trade program and the (SB4), and we'll continue to work together to drive the most immediate improvements in carbon reductions, economic security, and reliable access to energy for all,\" Reheis-Boyd said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford's Sivas said DOGGR has the power currently to stop issuing fracking permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In my view, it could also issue a broader, sweeping set of regulations,\" she said. \"The agency and the governor could say, 'We've studied this and this is not a good way for California to go forward, and we're just not going to do fracking permits anymore.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Just this month, the governor said he doesn’t have the legal authority to impose a moratorium on fracking permits. Two key state lawmakers are willing to change that.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1564092184,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1125},"headData":{"title":"Lawmakers Push to Give Newsom Power to Call Fracking Moratorium, Setting Stage for Oil Industry Battle | KQED","description":"Just this month, the governor said he doesn’t have the legal authority to impose a moratorium on fracking permits. Two key state lawmakers are willing to change that.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11762903 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11762903","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/07/25/lawmakers-push-to-give-newsom-power-to-call-fracking-moratorium-setting-stage-for-oil-industry-battle/","disqusTitle":"Lawmakers Push to Give Newsom Power to Call Fracking Moratorium, Setting Stage for Oil Industry Battle","path":"/news/11762903/lawmakers-push-to-give-newsom-power-to-call-fracking-moratorium-setting-stage-for-oil-industry-battle","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nearly two weeks ago, the day after Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11760751/newsom-fires-state-oil-agency-chief-amid-spike-in-fracking-approvals\">fired California's top oil and gas regulator\u003c/a>, the governor said he does not have the legal authority to impose a moratorium on permits for hydraulic fracturing, known as fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The governor of California cannot do that,\" Newsom told reporters on July 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'I don't think it's our responsibility to be expanding oil production and well stimulation in California.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Laura Friedman, chair of the Assembly Committee on Natural Resources","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, two key lawmakers — the chairs of the state Senate and Assembly committees overseeing large parts of the oil industry — say they're open to giving Newsom the power to bring new fracking operations to a halt in California, setting up what could be a significant battle with the powerful oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe that there would be support in the Legislature to provide him with that legal authority,\" said Assemblywoman Laura Friedman, D-Glendale, the chair of the Assembly Committee on Natural Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think it's our responsibility to be expanding oil production and well stimulation in California,\" Friedman added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm absolutely up for that partnership with this governor,\" said Henry Stern, D-Ventura, chairman of the Senate Natural Resources and Water Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog/general_information/Pages/HydraulicFracturing.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hydraulic fracturing\u003c/a> is an oil well stimulation method aimed at getting fuel out of the ground by using water and chemicals to crack open geological formations, allowing oil and water under the ground to flow more freely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"The Kern County Oil Spill ","tag":"kern-county-oil-spill"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil industry says the technique helps provide the nation with a consistent source of domestic energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists say the chemicals used in the technique lead to air and water pollution and the potential contamination of drinking water. The work has also been blamed for causing earthquake activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The energy industry plans to increase its use of hydraulic fracturing, according to Deborah Sivas, a Stanford professor of environmental law who directs the school's Environmental Law Clinic and is a critic of the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's on the horizon that the oil companies want to increasingly use fracking in Southern California, where it's a technique that could potentially get more oil out of the ground. That's ramping up,\" said Sivas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To use the method, oil companies have to obtain permits from the state Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR), an agency that's been under increasing scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the division is overseeing the investigation and cleanup of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11762863/as-chevron-gets-ready-to-appeal-state-order-kern-county-spill-continues-to-grow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one of California's largest oil spills\u003c/a> in decades, the release of more than 1 million gallons of oil and water from a Chevron oil well site in Kern County, involving steam injection, a different method of oil extraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763321\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Newsom-at-Spill-Site-800x558.jpg\" alt=\"Gov. Gavin Newsom is briefed by Billy Lacobie, of Chevron (right), and Jason Marshall (center), acting supervisor of the state Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR) on Wednesday while touring the Chevron oil field near Bakersfield where a spill of at least 974,400 gallons of fluid have flowed into a dry creek bed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"558\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11763321\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Newsom-at-Spill-Site-800x558.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Newsom-at-Spill-Site-160x112.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Newsom-at-Spill-Site-1020x712.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Newsom-at-Spill-Site-1200x838.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Newsom-at-Spill-Site.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom is briefed by Billy Lacobie, of Chevron (right), and Jason Marshall (center), acting supervisor of the state Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR), on Wednesday while touring the Chevron oil field near Bakersfield where a spill of at least 974,400 gallons of fluid have flowed into a dry creek bed. \u003ccite>(Irfan Khan/Los Angeles Times/Pool)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two weeks ago, the advocacy groups Consumer Watchdog and FracTracker Alliance released data showing that DOGGR had been issuing fracking permits at twice the rate this year compared to 2018. The groups also revealed that several agency employees owned stock in the companies they regulate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor then \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11760751/newsom-fires-state-oil-agency-chief-amid-spike-in-fracking-approvals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ordered the firing of Ken Harris\u003c/a>, the head of DOGGR. Jason Marshall was appointed as acting supervisor of the division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom was asked about the change in leadership the following day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were conflicts that came to our attention. Those conflicts were real and very concerning,\" the governor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was then \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-gavin-newsom-oil-fracking-20190712-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">asked if he was imposing a moratorium on fracking\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't do that unilaterally. Legally you cannot,\" Newsom said. \"I have explored that during my transition,\" he said, adding that he has pushed for an overall transition from fossil fuel to more renewable sources of energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives of the governor's office did not return a request for comment on what led Newsom to come to that determination. A spokeswoman for the Department of Conservation, which oversees DOGGR, also did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor was asked about the issue again on Wednesday after he took a tour of the Chevron oil spill site in the area of the town of McKittrick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Legislature is going to need to make that determination. I certainly am inclined to investigate that and move in that direction,\" Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedman said she's open to working with Newsom to make sure he has the authority to issue a moratorium on new fracking permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We look forward to having a clean economy, using renewable sources of fuel. We have to start setting ourselves seriously on the road to accomplishing that. If the governor thinks he needs the Legislature's help ... to make that vision happen, I stand willing and able to do that,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stern said the governor may already have the authority to issue a moratorium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's got a lot on his plate. Now this one has got to move to the top of the agenda. It's an urgent situation,\" said Stern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stern was an aide to then-state Sen. Fran Pavley when she wrote SB 4, state legislation that led to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new rules regulating hydraulic fracturing\u003c/a> in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Western States Petroleum Association, which represents the region's oil industry, told KQED that a halt in new fracking operations would hurt the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Shutting down oil and gas production would increase dependence on foreign oil from the Middle East, eliminate hundreds of thousands of good-paying careers — including opportunities for blue collar and labor workers — and make energy less affordable for middle and working class Californians,\" Catherine Reheis-Boyd, the association's president, said in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Historically, our industry has shown a willingness to collaboratively work with regulators and elected officials toward landmark environmental legislation like the Cap-and-Trade program and the (SB4), and we'll continue to work together to drive the most immediate improvements in carbon reductions, economic security, and reliable access to energy for all,\" Reheis-Boyd said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford's Sivas said DOGGR has the power currently to stop issuing fracking permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In my view, it could also issue a broader, sweeping set of regulations,\" she said. \"The agency and the governor could say, 'We've studied this and this is not a good way for California to go forward, and we're just not going to do fracking permits anymore.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11762903/lawmakers-push-to-give-newsom-power-to-call-fracking-moratorium-setting-stage-for-oil-industry-battle","authors":["258"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_457","news_6188","news_8","news_13","news_356"],"tags":["news_22716","news_19542","news_3605","news_16","news_3882","news_17041"],"featImg":"news_10710754","label":"news_72"},"science_19337":{"type":"posts","id":"science_19337","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"19337","score":null,"sort":[1412935234000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"anti-fracking-activists-in-california-take-fight-to-county-ballots","title":"Anti-Fracking Activists in California Take Fight to County Ballots","publishDate":1412935234,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Anti-Fracking Activists in California Take Fight to County Ballots | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1022,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update October 10th:\u003c/strong> Fracking bans are on the November ballots in Mendocino, San Benito and Santa Barbara Counties. Butte County voters could see a measure on the 2016 ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post, July 14th: \u003c/strong>Opponents of hydraulic fracturing — or fracking — have pushed for a statewide moratorium on the controversial oil production technique. With those efforts stalled in the state legislature, activists are taking the fight to the county level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copying tactics that have worked in Colorado and New York, activists have qualified November ballot measures that would ban fracking in two counties and possibly others, trying a piecemeal approach to banning fracking in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/W2NeqeaSFTc\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Video reported by Gabriela Quirós and Lauren Sommer, who narrates.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies use fracking to squeeze more oil out of rocks. Water mixed with sand and chemicals is injected underground at high pressure to create tiny fractures. The sand props open the cracks, so oil can flow out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”w4nKuhIm9gQiH3d9tzQJf1PP2G6IOC4d”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California legislators have debated a moratorium on fracking for the past four years, but the bills have repeatedly failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Benito County Qualifies First\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a parking lot in San Juan Bautista, an hour south of San Jose, volunteers paint signs that read, “Protect our water. Ban fracking in San Benito County.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We collected enough signatures to qualify in 14 days which was maybe a state record,” says Andy Hsia-Coron of San Benito Rising, the group that’s rallying support for a fracking ban on San Benito County’s November ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”d9531efb2815df8ad2fe5db4dd70d801″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot measure is largely pre-emptive. While San Benito County has a handful of oil wells in production, oil companies haven’t reported using fracking there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And we don’t want you to frack in San Benito County,” Hsia-Coron says. “We know this a county with a lot of oil potential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hisa-Coron says his group is collaborating with activists across the country. Cities in Colorado and New York have banned fracking over concerns about groundwater contamination and land impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bigger Fight in Santa Barbara\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see a battle for sure, but we also see a great opportunity,” says Rebecca Claassen of the Santa Barbara County Water Guardians, a volunteer group that’s put a measure on the local ballot to ban fracking on unincorporated land in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We see a battle for sure, but we also see a great opportunity.’\u003ccite>— Rebecca Claassen, Santa Barbara County Water Guardians\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Claassen says the legacy of Santa Barbara’s 1969 oil spill came up often as her group gathered 20,000 signatures for measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Home of the first major oil spill in the United States,” she says. “In ’69, there were hundreds of thousands of gallons of oil pouring into the ocean and washing up on these beaches here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also fueling support for the ban are economic concerns. “We have a lot of agriculture and tourism that both depend on clean water,” Claassen says, “and so the risks of water contamination really resonated with most everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claasen’s group is facing an uphill battle, because Santa Barbara’s oil industry is much larger than San Benito’s. When the measure came up at county supervisors meeting, industry workers turned out in force with concerns about their jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Banning More Than Fracking\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s attempting to outlaw all methods of oil extraction, not only fracking, but a number of other means of well stimulating,” says Armen Nahabedian of Citadel Exploration, a company that develops oil projects. “It is an absolute anti-hydrocarbon initiative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent morning, Nahabedian is meeting with rancher Skip Ramsey about putting an oil well on his land outside of San Ardo, an hour south of Salinas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19346\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/fracking3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19346\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/fracking3.jpg\" alt=\"Armen Nahabedian of Citadel Exploration talks with rancher Skip Ramsey about an oil project. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"371\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Armen Nahabedian of Citadel Exploration (right) talks with rancher Skip Ramsey about an oil project. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The drought has hit Ramsey’s ranch hard, drying up feed for his cattle months sooner than expected. He says royalty payments from an oil well would go a long way for his family and his ranch. “To just support college educations,” he says, “and I’d like to increase my water capability to raise more feed for my cattle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nahabedian says if the San Benito measure passes, it could stand in the way of deals like this one. “It’s difficult to make the same sort of offers to landowners in this area with this sort of uncertainty hanging the balance,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nahabedian’s company doesn’t use fracking, but it does use another oil extraction technique that the initiatives would ban, called cyclic steam injection. Oil in California is heavy, so producers inject steam underground to loosen it up.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You can drill for it or you can kill for it.’\u003ccite>— Armen Nahabedian, Citadel Exploration\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> “Steam injection is an old technique,” he says. “We’ve been using it in the industry since the early 1960s. It’s not much different than cleaning a dirty engine block.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 60 percent of oil produced in California is extracted with steam injection and similar methods, making it more common than fracking. Nahabedian says banning steam injection would mean the state’s refineries would have to look at importing oil from outside the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I say very simply — and some people say very crudely — that you can drill for it or you can kill for it, but that’s just the truth,” he says. “I’m a veteran from Operation Iraqi Freedom, and I have a firm belief that it’s our social responsibility and our civil responsibility to become a domestic producer that’s totally independent of foreign oil supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19348\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/fracking1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19348\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/fracking1.jpg\" alt=\"About 60 percent of oil pumped in California uses steam injection or similar methods, something the ballot measures seek to ban. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About 60 percent of oil pumped in California is produced with steam injection or similar methods, which would also be banned under the ballot measures. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It would hurt oil production in our state, particularly in regions that are more economically depressed like the Central Valley,” says Sabrina Lockheart of Californians for Energy Independence, an advocacy group that’s funded in part by the oil industry and is fighting the local fracking bans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California regulators \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/15/what-californias-new-fracking-rules-would-do-and-not-do/\">are currently drafting new regulations\u003c/a> for fracking, ones that the oil industry says are more than enough to ensure fracking is done safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re the strongest regulations in the country as it relates to fracking,” Lockheart says. “It includes conducting a science-based study, disclosure of the chemicals used, monitoring protected groundwater and prior notification of surrounding landowners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists like Andy Hsia-Coron don’t believe those regulations go far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We figure that if we pass these initiatives in November,” he says, “that dozens of counties will be filing their initiatives and it can even be done a city level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, Santa Cruz County supervisors voted to pass a fracking ban. Voters in San Benito and Santa Barbara counties will vote on bans in November. Activists in Butte and Mendocino counties are still working to qualify ballot measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/158339780&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Activists are hoping local residents will do what state legislators haven’t done -- shut down the controversial oil production technique known as hydraulic fracturing.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932788,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1245},"headData":{"title":"Anti-Fracking Activists in California Take Fight to County Ballots | KQED","description":"Activists are hoping local residents will do what state legislators haven’t done -- shut down the controversial oil production technique known as hydraulic fracturing.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/19337/anti-fracking-activists-in-california-take-fight-to-county-ballots","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update October 10th:\u003c/strong> Fracking bans are on the November ballots in Mendocino, San Benito and Santa Barbara Counties. Butte County voters could see a measure on the 2016 ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post, July 14th: \u003c/strong>Opponents of hydraulic fracturing — or fracking — have pushed for a statewide moratorium on the controversial oil production technique. With those efforts stalled in the state legislature, activists are taking the fight to the county level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copying tactics that have worked in Colorado and New York, activists have qualified November ballot measures that would ban fracking in two counties and possibly others, trying a piecemeal approach to banning fracking in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/W2NeqeaSFTc\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Video reported by Gabriela Quirós and Lauren Sommer, who narrates.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies use fracking to squeeze more oil out of rocks. Water mixed with sand and chemicals is injected underground at high pressure to create tiny fractures. The sand props open the cracks, so oil can flow out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California legislators have debated a moratorium on fracking for the past four years, but the bills have repeatedly failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Benito County Qualifies First\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a parking lot in San Juan Bautista, an hour south of San Jose, volunteers paint signs that read, “Protect our water. Ban fracking in San Benito County.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We collected enough signatures to qualify in 14 days which was maybe a state record,” says Andy Hsia-Coron of San Benito Rising, the group that’s rallying support for a fracking ban on San Benito County’s November ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot measure is largely pre-emptive. While San Benito County has a handful of oil wells in production, oil companies haven’t reported using fracking there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And we don’t want you to frack in San Benito County,” Hsia-Coron says. “We know this a county with a lot of oil potential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hisa-Coron says his group is collaborating with activists across the country. Cities in Colorado and New York have banned fracking over concerns about groundwater contamination and land impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bigger Fight in Santa Barbara\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see a battle for sure, but we also see a great opportunity,” says Rebecca Claassen of the Santa Barbara County Water Guardians, a volunteer group that’s put a measure on the local ballot to ban fracking on unincorporated land in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We see a battle for sure, but we also see a great opportunity.’\u003ccite>— Rebecca Claassen, Santa Barbara County Water Guardians\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Claassen says the legacy of Santa Barbara’s 1969 oil spill came up often as her group gathered 20,000 signatures for measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Home of the first major oil spill in the United States,” she says. “In ’69, there were hundreds of thousands of gallons of oil pouring into the ocean and washing up on these beaches here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also fueling support for the ban are economic concerns. “We have a lot of agriculture and tourism that both depend on clean water,” Claassen says, “and so the risks of water contamination really resonated with most everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claasen’s group is facing an uphill battle, because Santa Barbara’s oil industry is much larger than San Benito’s. When the measure came up at county supervisors meeting, industry workers turned out in force with concerns about their jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Banning More Than Fracking\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s attempting to outlaw all methods of oil extraction, not only fracking, but a number of other means of well stimulating,” says Armen Nahabedian of Citadel Exploration, a company that develops oil projects. “It is an absolute anti-hydrocarbon initiative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent morning, Nahabedian is meeting with rancher Skip Ramsey about putting an oil well on his land outside of San Ardo, an hour south of Salinas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19346\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/fracking3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19346\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/fracking3.jpg\" alt=\"Armen Nahabedian of Citadel Exploration talks with rancher Skip Ramsey about an oil project. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"371\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Armen Nahabedian of Citadel Exploration (right) talks with rancher Skip Ramsey about an oil project. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The drought has hit Ramsey’s ranch hard, drying up feed for his cattle months sooner than expected. He says royalty payments from an oil well would go a long way for his family and his ranch. “To just support college educations,” he says, “and I’d like to increase my water capability to raise more feed for my cattle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nahabedian says if the San Benito measure passes, it could stand in the way of deals like this one. “It’s difficult to make the same sort of offers to landowners in this area with this sort of uncertainty hanging the balance,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nahabedian’s company doesn’t use fracking, but it does use another oil extraction technique that the initiatives would ban, called cyclic steam injection. Oil in California is heavy, so producers inject steam underground to loosen it up.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You can drill for it or you can kill for it.’\u003ccite>— Armen Nahabedian, Citadel Exploration\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> “Steam injection is an old technique,” he says. “We’ve been using it in the industry since the early 1960s. It’s not much different than cleaning a dirty engine block.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 60 percent of oil produced in California is extracted with steam injection and similar methods, making it more common than fracking. Nahabedian says banning steam injection would mean the state’s refineries would have to look at importing oil from outside the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I say very simply — and some people say very crudely — that you can drill for it or you can kill for it, but that’s just the truth,” he says. “I’m a veteran from Operation Iraqi Freedom, and I have a firm belief that it’s our social responsibility and our civil responsibility to become a domestic producer that’s totally independent of foreign oil supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19348\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/fracking1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19348\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/fracking1.jpg\" alt=\"About 60 percent of oil pumped in California uses steam injection or similar methods, something the ballot measures seek to ban. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About 60 percent of oil pumped in California is produced with steam injection or similar methods, which would also be banned under the ballot measures. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It would hurt oil production in our state, particularly in regions that are more economically depressed like the Central Valley,” says Sabrina Lockheart of Californians for Energy Independence, an advocacy group that’s funded in part by the oil industry and is fighting the local fracking bans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California regulators \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/15/what-californias-new-fracking-rules-would-do-and-not-do/\">are currently drafting new regulations\u003c/a> for fracking, ones that the oil industry says are more than enough to ensure fracking is done safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re the strongest regulations in the country as it relates to fracking,” Lockheart says. “It includes conducting a science-based study, disclosure of the chemicals used, monitoring protected groundwater and prior notification of surrounding landowners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists like Andy Hsia-Coron don’t believe those regulations go far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We figure that if we pass these initiatives in November,” he says, “that dozens of counties will be filing their initiatives and it can even be done a city level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, Santa Cruz County supervisors voted to pass a fracking ban. Voters in San Benito and Santa Barbara counties will vote on bans in November. Activists in Butte and Mendocino counties are still working to qualify ballot measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/158339780&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/19337/anti-fracking-activists-in-california-take-fight-to-county-ballots","authors":["239"],"series":["science_1022"],"categories":["science_46","science_31","science_33","science_89","science_35","science_40","science_43","science_86","science_98"],"tags":["science_134","science_429","science_64","science_952","science_201"],"featImg":"science_19341","label":"science_1022"},"science_17659":{"type":"posts","id":"science_17659","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"17659","score":null,"sort":[1400724418000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-monterey-shale-bonanza-or-bust-nobody-really-knows","title":"California's Monterey Shale: Bonanza or Bust? Nobody Really Knows","publishDate":1400724418,"format":"aside","headTitle":"California’s Monterey Shale: Bonanza or Bust? Nobody Really Knows | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1022,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17661\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/pumpjacks.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17661\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/pumpjacks.jpg\" alt=\"Pumpjacks draw oil out of the Monterey Shale near McKittrick, California. (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pumpjacks draw oil out of the Monterey Shale near McKittrick, California. (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The controversy over hydraulic fracturing in California has been largely centered around the Monterey Formation, the rock layer that was said to be the largest oil resource in the country and almost a sure bet for a drilling boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least, until this week. Federal officials with the Energy Information Administration are \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-oil-20140521-story.html\">reportedly downgrading their estimate\u003c/a> of how much oil could be pumped out of the formation. Just a few years ago, the agency projected that oil companies could retrieve 15 billion barrels of oil. Now, it’s down to 600 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just to clarify: these numbers don’t reflect how much oil is underground in California. Most geologists agree that there’s still plenty down there. The EIA is attempting to estimate how much could be pumped out with current technology. As with other oil and gas reserves around the country, this number fluctuates quite a bit based on assumptions about the geology and what oil companies can accomplish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The total resource can be huge – just ridiculously large,” says Don Gautier, geologist emeritus with the U.S. Geological Survey. “What fraction of it can actually be recovered? That can be very uncertain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Unknown About the Monterey Formation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why the uncertainty around the Monterey Shale? It has to do with the lack of information about the rock formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Monterey has already been incredibly productive in California. It’s been the source of most oil production in the state over the last century. The rock layer covers 1,700 square miles and can be several thousand feet thick in places. It was created millions of years ago, when dead microorganisms piled up on the bottom of an ancient sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17668\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 311px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/NatGasSchematic2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17668\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/NatGasSchematic2.jpg\" alt=\"Conventional drilling taps into reservoirs where oil and gas has pooled underground. Unconventional drilling goes deeper into the rock layers that generate oil.\" width=\"311\" height=\"376\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Conventional drilling taps into reservoirs where oil and gas has pooled underground. Unconventional drilling goes deeper into the rock layers that generate oil.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That organic material created oil-bearing rock and over the millennia, oil has seeped out and pooled in underground reservoirs. Finding and tapping these reservoirs, what’s known as “conventional” oil development, has made California the third-largest oil producer in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The buzz these days, however, is over “unconventional” development. That’s where oil and gas companies drill down into the rock layers that produce the oil – known as “source rock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These rocks are dense and historically, haven’t been very productive – until hydraulic fracturing came along. When water and sand are injected underground at high pressure, they create tiny fractures in the rock that help release the oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, oil companies in California haven’t had to tap into the source rock. There were plenty of conventional reservoirs to develop. But as the technology has improved and production in older reservoirs has declined, oil producers have started looking deeper, down to the Monterey Shale source rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the Oil Still There?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Dakota has seen a massive oil boom in the source rock of its Bakken formation, due in large part to hydraulic fracturing. Fracking opened up source rock that was considered beyond reach just a few decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question in the Monterey Shale is whether the source rock still holds lots of oil. California’s abundant seismic activity could have forced much of the oil to migrate out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are very effective mechanisms that allow oil to be expelled from the source rock,” says Gautier. “Whereas up in the Bakken, the oil was generated 100 million years ago and has been sitting like a dead lump since.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”087bded8a228f2ed2d9be0d52ba4272a”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of these unknowns, many believe there’s huge uncertainty about the amount of oil that can be recovered in the Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just don’t know,” says Gautier. “One of the possibilities is that most of the recoverable oil has already been expelled and migrated. So what’s left behind is residual oil that won’t really yield significant production. That isn’t to say there isn’t a whole lot of oil in the Monterey or even that there isn’t a lot of oil remaining in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USGS is working on its own estimate of recoverable oil in the Monterey, expected early next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seismically warped rock layers in California could also make it challenging to use the same fracking techniques that have been so effective in North Dakota. Oil wells are drilled horizontally for miles sometimes along a layer of rock. California’s roller-coaster rock layers could make horizontal drilling a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies are still in the early stages of drilling exploratory wells in the source rock. Until more of that data are available, the jury is still out on the Monterey Shale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact of the matter is there’ve only been a handful of wells that even intended to test the idea,” says Gautier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What the Industry Is Saying\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the lackluster new estimate, the oil industry says the number has little effect on their efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Whether there are 15 billion barrels or 600 million barrels… it’s still a lot of oil.’\u003ccite>— Susan Hersberger, Aera Energy\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The oil is still there,” says Catherine Reheis-Boyd of the Western States Petroleum Association, an industry group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a matter of technology and it’s a matter of the skill and experience and innovative spirit that we really believe the men and women of the petroleum industry possess,” she says. “And they will solve the puzzle and they will improve production rates from the Monterey Shale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several oil companies say their exploratory wells are getting them closer to the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Preliminary data from our first exploration wells tells us the oil is there,” says Susan Hersberger of \u003ca href=\"http://aeraenergy.com/\">Aera Energy\u003c/a>, one of the largest oil production companies in California. “But this data has also confirmed that the Monterey Shale has some characteristics that warrant further study and testing, so that we might unlock its potential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Similar to the decades-long exploration of the Bakken, the Monterey exploration process will also be a long and complex journey,” she says. “Whether there are 15 billion barrels or 600 million barrels or something in between, it’s still a lot of oil. We see potential and are in it for the long-term.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calls for a Fracking Moratorium\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A collation of environmental and community groups called \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiansagainstfracking.org/\">Californians Against Fracking\u003c/a> is using the new estimate to raise concerns over groundwater contamination and environmental damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bombshell from the EIA gives you a new opportunity to make the right call and halt fracking,” they wrote in a letter to Governor Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group, which is calling for a moratorium on fracking, says the lower estimate of the Monterey’s potential means that economic benefits touted by the industry are inflated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Brown has resisted a moratorium, citing the state’s efforts to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/15/what-californias-new-fracking-rules-would-do-and-not-do/\">develop regulations for fracking this year\u003c/a> that require groundwater monitoring, new permitting requirements and notification of neighbors in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/150669396&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There's more than meets the eye to the reported reassessment of the state's next big oil play.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933611,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1237},"headData":{"title":"California's Monterey Shale: Bonanza or Bust? Nobody Really Knows | KQED","description":"There's more than meets the eye to the reported reassessment of the state's next big oil play.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/17659/californias-monterey-shale-bonanza-or-bust-nobody-really-knows","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17661\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/pumpjacks.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17661\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/pumpjacks.jpg\" alt=\"Pumpjacks draw oil out of the Monterey Shale near McKittrick, California. (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pumpjacks draw oil out of the Monterey Shale near McKittrick, California. (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The controversy over hydraulic fracturing in California has been largely centered around the Monterey Formation, the rock layer that was said to be the largest oil resource in the country and almost a sure bet for a drilling boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least, until this week. Federal officials with the Energy Information Administration are \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-oil-20140521-story.html\">reportedly downgrading their estimate\u003c/a> of how much oil could be pumped out of the formation. Just a few years ago, the agency projected that oil companies could retrieve 15 billion barrels of oil. Now, it’s down to 600 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just to clarify: these numbers don’t reflect how much oil is underground in California. Most geologists agree that there’s still plenty down there. The EIA is attempting to estimate how much could be pumped out with current technology. As with other oil and gas reserves around the country, this number fluctuates quite a bit based on assumptions about the geology and what oil companies can accomplish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The total resource can be huge – just ridiculously large,” says Don Gautier, geologist emeritus with the U.S. Geological Survey. “What fraction of it can actually be recovered? That can be very uncertain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Unknown About the Monterey Formation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why the uncertainty around the Monterey Shale? It has to do with the lack of information about the rock formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Monterey has already been incredibly productive in California. It’s been the source of most oil production in the state over the last century. The rock layer covers 1,700 square miles and can be several thousand feet thick in places. It was created millions of years ago, when dead microorganisms piled up on the bottom of an ancient sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17668\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 311px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/NatGasSchematic2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17668\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/NatGasSchematic2.jpg\" alt=\"Conventional drilling taps into reservoirs where oil and gas has pooled underground. Unconventional drilling goes deeper into the rock layers that generate oil.\" width=\"311\" height=\"376\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Conventional drilling taps into reservoirs where oil and gas has pooled underground. Unconventional drilling goes deeper into the rock layers that generate oil.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That organic material created oil-bearing rock and over the millennia, oil has seeped out and pooled in underground reservoirs. Finding and tapping these reservoirs, what’s known as “conventional” oil development, has made California the third-largest oil producer in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The buzz these days, however, is over “unconventional” development. That’s where oil and gas companies drill down into the rock layers that produce the oil – known as “source rock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These rocks are dense and historically, haven’t been very productive – until hydraulic fracturing came along. When water and sand are injected underground at high pressure, they create tiny fractures in the rock that help release the oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, oil companies in California haven’t had to tap into the source rock. There were plenty of conventional reservoirs to develop. But as the technology has improved and production in older reservoirs has declined, oil producers have started looking deeper, down to the Monterey Shale source rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the Oil Still There?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Dakota has seen a massive oil boom in the source rock of its Bakken formation, due in large part to hydraulic fracturing. Fracking opened up source rock that was considered beyond reach just a few decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question in the Monterey Shale is whether the source rock still holds lots of oil. California’s abundant seismic activity could have forced much of the oil to migrate out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are very effective mechanisms that allow oil to be expelled from the source rock,” says Gautier. “Whereas up in the Bakken, the oil was generated 100 million years ago and has been sitting like a dead lump since.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of these unknowns, many believe there’s huge uncertainty about the amount of oil that can be recovered in the Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just don’t know,” says Gautier. “One of the possibilities is that most of the recoverable oil has already been expelled and migrated. So what’s left behind is residual oil that won’t really yield significant production. That isn’t to say there isn’t a whole lot of oil in the Monterey or even that there isn’t a lot of oil remaining in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USGS is working on its own estimate of recoverable oil in the Monterey, expected early next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seismically warped rock layers in California could also make it challenging to use the same fracking techniques that have been so effective in North Dakota. Oil wells are drilled horizontally for miles sometimes along a layer of rock. California’s roller-coaster rock layers could make horizontal drilling a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies are still in the early stages of drilling exploratory wells in the source rock. Until more of that data are available, the jury is still out on the Monterey Shale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact of the matter is there’ve only been a handful of wells that even intended to test the idea,” says Gautier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What the Industry Is Saying\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the lackluster new estimate, the oil industry says the number has little effect on their efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Whether there are 15 billion barrels or 600 million barrels… it’s still a lot of oil.’\u003ccite>— Susan Hersberger, Aera Energy\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The oil is still there,” says Catherine Reheis-Boyd of the Western States Petroleum Association, an industry group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a matter of technology and it’s a matter of the skill and experience and innovative spirit that we really believe the men and women of the petroleum industry possess,” she says. “And they will solve the puzzle and they will improve production rates from the Monterey Shale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several oil companies say their exploratory wells are getting them closer to the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Preliminary data from our first exploration wells tells us the oil is there,” says Susan Hersberger of \u003ca href=\"http://aeraenergy.com/\">Aera Energy\u003c/a>, one of the largest oil production companies in California. “But this data has also confirmed that the Monterey Shale has some characteristics that warrant further study and testing, so that we might unlock its potential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Similar to the decades-long exploration of the Bakken, the Monterey exploration process will also be a long and complex journey,” she says. “Whether there are 15 billion barrels or 600 million barrels or something in between, it’s still a lot of oil. We see potential and are in it for the long-term.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calls for a Fracking Moratorium\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A collation of environmental and community groups called \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiansagainstfracking.org/\">Californians Against Fracking\u003c/a> is using the new estimate to raise concerns over groundwater contamination and environmental damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bombshell from the EIA gives you a new opportunity to make the right call and halt fracking,” they wrote in a letter to Governor Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group, which is calling for a moratorium on fracking, says the lower estimate of the Monterey’s potential means that economic benefits touted by the industry are inflated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Brown has resisted a moratorium, citing the state’s efforts to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/15/what-californias-new-fracking-rules-would-do-and-not-do/\">develop regulations for fracking this year\u003c/a> that require groundwater monitoring, new permitting requirements and notification of neighbors in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/150669396&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/17659/californias-monterey-shale-bonanza-or-bust-nobody-really-knows","authors":["239"],"series":["science_1022"],"categories":["science_33","science_89","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_429","science_952"],"featImg":"science_17661","label":"science_1022"},"science_17648":{"type":"posts","id":"science_17648","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"17648","score":null,"sort":[1400697236000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"estimate-of-recoverable-monterey-shale-oil-slashed-by-officials","title":"Estimate of Recoverable Monterey Shale Oil Slashed by Officials","publishDate":1400697236,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Estimate of Recoverable Monterey Shale Oil Slashed by Officials | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1022,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Associated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of oil that can be recovered from California’s vast Monterey Shale formation using existing technology is far less than thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s according to a new federal estimate that found just 600 million barrels of oil can be drawn from the Monterey Shale, a 1,750-square-mile area extending from the agricultural Central Valley to the Pacific Ocean. That’s less than the previous estimate of 13.7 billion barrels of recoverable oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”cd9476f757d42595c4f78880fa4dd247″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://lat.ms/1ndwsx9\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reports the new estimate by the U.S. Energy Information Administration is expected to be publicly released next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies have used hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, to unlock oil from the Monterey Shale with mixed success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil industry says it is hopeful new techniques will open up the formation.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The amount of oil that can be recovered from California's vast Monterey Shale formation using existing technology is far less than thought.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933615,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":145},"headData":{"title":"Estimate of Recoverable Monterey Shale Oil Slashed by Officials | KQED","description":"The amount of oil that can be recovered from California's vast Monterey Shale formation using existing technology is far less than thought.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/17648/estimate-of-recoverable-monterey-shale-oil-slashed-by-officials","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Associated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of oil that can be recovered from California’s vast Monterey Shale formation using existing technology is far less than thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s according to a new federal estimate that found just 600 million barrels of oil can be drawn from the Monterey Shale, a 1,750-square-mile area extending from the agricultural Central Valley to the Pacific Ocean. That’s less than the previous estimate of 13.7 billion barrels of recoverable oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://lat.ms/1ndwsx9\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reports the new estimate by the U.S. Energy Information Administration is expected to be publicly released next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies have used hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, to unlock oil from the Monterey Shale with mixed success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil industry says it is hopeful new techniques will open up the formation.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/17648/estimate-of-recoverable-monterey-shale-oil-slashed-by-officials","authors":["6387"],"series":["science_1022"],"categories":["science_33","science_40"],"tags":["science_429","science_64"],"featImg":"science_13657","label":"science_1022"},"science_17616":{"type":"posts","id":"science_17616","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"17616","score":null,"sort":[1400616404000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"santa-cruz-is-first-california-county-to-ban-fracking","title":"Santa Cruz Is First California County to Ban Fracking","publishDate":1400616404,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Santa Cruz Is First California County to Ban Fracking | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1022,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Peter Jon Shuler and Molly Samuel\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10038\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10038\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/frackingprotest.jpg\" alt=\"The group Californians Against Fracking protested outside the San Francisco office of Gov. Jerry Brown, demanding that he support a ban on hydraulic fracturing in oil and gas exploration. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The group Californians Against Fracking protested outside the San Francisco office of Gov. Jerry Brown, demanding that he support a ban on hydraulic fracturing in oil and gas exploration. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Santa Cruz County has become the first county in California to impose a “permanent” ban on fracking, as well as all other on-shore oil and gas development. Tuesday morning the Board of Supervisors unanimously approved the pre-emptive move against hydraulic fracturing, a technology that uses water and chemicals to unlock oil and gas underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some would say this is a symbolic gesture,” said Supervisor Bruce McPherson. “But I think it’s a message that needs to be sent out and listened to, especially on our quality of life and particularly about the impact it might have on our water supply, whether it occurs inside this county or in adjacent counties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”76bba43104b6094f9b4efd10a78caeee”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butte and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mendocinobeacon.com/latest-local/ci_25722116/supervisors-working-fracking-ban\">Mendocino counties\u003c/a> are considering similar moves. And \u003ca href=\"http://ballotpedia.org/Butte_County_Fracking_Ban_Initiative_%28November_2014%29\">Butte\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ballotpedia.org/San_Benito_County_Fracking_Ban_Initiative_%28November_2014%29\">San Benito\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ballotpedia.org/Santa_Barbara_County_Fracking_Ban_Initiative_%28November_2014%29\">Santa Barbara\u003c/a> counties may all have fracking restrictions on the November ballot. A state bill that would \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB1132\">ban fracking\u003c/a> until there is more scientific study is in limbo, having been relegated to the Appropriations Committee suspense file on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil industry insists that fracking is safe and has made the United States less dependent on foreign energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 12px auto 6px auto;font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: normal\">\u003ca style=\"text-decoration: underline\" title=\"View Santa Cruz County Fracking Ban on Scribd\" href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/225318322/Santa-Cruz-County-Fracking-Ban\">Santa Cruz County Fracking Ban\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"doc_18804\" class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/225318322/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Tuesday morning the Board of Supervisors unanimously approved the pre-emptive move against hydraulic fracturing. A state bill that would ban fracking until there is more scientific study is in limbo.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933625,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["//www.scribd.com/embeds/225318322/content"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":242},"headData":{"title":"Santa Cruz Is First California County to Ban Fracking | KQED","description":"Tuesday morning the Board of Supervisors unanimously approved the pre-emptive move against hydraulic fracturing. A state bill that would ban fracking until there is more scientific study is in limbo.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/17616/santa-cruz-is-first-california-county-to-ban-fracking","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Peter Jon Shuler and Molly Samuel\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10038\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10038\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/frackingprotest.jpg\" alt=\"The group Californians Against Fracking protested outside the San Francisco office of Gov. Jerry Brown, demanding that he support a ban on hydraulic fracturing in oil and gas exploration. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The group Californians Against Fracking protested outside the San Francisco office of Gov. Jerry Brown, demanding that he support a ban on hydraulic fracturing in oil and gas exploration. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Santa Cruz County has become the first county in California to impose a “permanent” ban on fracking, as well as all other on-shore oil and gas development. Tuesday morning the Board of Supervisors unanimously approved the pre-emptive move against hydraulic fracturing, a technology that uses water and chemicals to unlock oil and gas underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some would say this is a symbolic gesture,” said Supervisor Bruce McPherson. “But I think it’s a message that needs to be sent out and listened to, especially on our quality of life and particularly about the impact it might have on our water supply, whether it occurs inside this county or in adjacent counties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butte and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mendocinobeacon.com/latest-local/ci_25722116/supervisors-working-fracking-ban\">Mendocino counties\u003c/a> are considering similar moves. And \u003ca href=\"http://ballotpedia.org/Butte_County_Fracking_Ban_Initiative_%28November_2014%29\">Butte\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ballotpedia.org/San_Benito_County_Fracking_Ban_Initiative_%28November_2014%29\">San Benito\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ballotpedia.org/Santa_Barbara_County_Fracking_Ban_Initiative_%28November_2014%29\">Santa Barbara\u003c/a> counties may all have fracking restrictions on the November ballot. A state bill that would \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB1132\">ban fracking\u003c/a> until there is more scientific study is in limbo, having been relegated to the Appropriations Committee suspense file on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil industry insists that fracking is safe and has made the United States less dependent on foreign energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 12px auto 6px auto;font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: normal\">\u003ca style=\"text-decoration: underline\" title=\"View Santa Cruz County Fracking Ban on Scribd\" href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/225318322/Santa-Cruz-County-Fracking-Ban\">Santa Cruz County Fracking Ban\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"doc_18804\" class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/225318322/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/17616/santa-cruz-is-first-california-county-to-ban-fracking","authors":["6387"],"series":["science_1022"],"categories":["science_33","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_429","science_64"],"featImg":"science_10038","label":"science_1022"},"news_88847":{"type":"posts","id":"news_88847","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"88847","score":null,"sort":[1360693559000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"watch-live-video-calif-senate-committee-debates-fracking","title":"Watch Live Video: Calif. Senate Committee Debates Fracking","publishDate":1360693559,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The Senate Joint Natural Resources and Environmental Quality Committee is discussing hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, a method of extracting oil and gas by smashing underground rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California regulators \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/12/18/calif-regulators-release-draft-fracking-regulations/\"> \u003cstrong>drafted rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> to govern the environmentally controversial process on Dec. 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center\">\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://calchannel.granicus.com/MediaPlayer.php?view_id=2&event_id=305\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"510\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Some senators have criticized the proposed rules as too weak. Committee Chair Sen. Fran Pavley, D-Agoura Hills, has introduced a bill with its own rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the Associated Press:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>California currently oversees oil well construction generally but had not previously required disclosure of fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the draft regulations, operators would usually have to name the chemicals they use and test wells to ensure the drilling process could be withstood without contaminating groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking has been quietly going on for decades in several counties, including Los Angeles, Kern, Monterey and Sacramento. Other states use the technique to recover natural gas.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1360704578,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":141},"headData":{"title":"Watch Live Video: Calif. Senate Committee Debates Fracking | KQED","description":"The Senate Joint Natural Resources and Environmental Quality Committee is discussing hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, a method of extracting oil and gas by smashing underground rocks. California regulators drafted rules to govern the environmentally controversial process on Dec. 17.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"88847 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=88847","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/02/12/watch-live-video-calif-senate-committee-debates-fracking/","disqusTitle":"Watch Live Video: Calif. Senate Committee Debates Fracking","path":"/news/88847/watch-live-video-calif-senate-committee-debates-fracking","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Senate Joint Natural Resources and Environmental Quality Committee is discussing hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, a method of extracting oil and gas by smashing underground rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California regulators \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/12/18/calif-regulators-release-draft-fracking-regulations/\"> \u003cstrong>drafted rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> to govern the environmentally controversial process on Dec. 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center\">\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://calchannel.granicus.com/MediaPlayer.php?view_id=2&event_id=305\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"510\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Some senators have criticized the proposed rules as too weak. Committee Chair Sen. Fran Pavley, D-Agoura Hills, has introduced a bill with its own rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the Associated Press:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>California currently oversees oil well construction generally but had not previously required disclosure of fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the draft regulations, operators would usually have to name the chemicals they use and test wells to ensure the drilling process could be withstood without contaminating groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking has been quietly going on for decades in several counties, including Los Angeles, Kern, Monterey and Sacramento. Other states use the technique to recover natural gas.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/88847/watch-live-video-calif-senate-committee-debates-fracking","authors":["1367"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_3605","news_3882","news_3883"],"label":"news_6944"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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California","slug":"fracking-california","taxonomy":"series","description":"[caption id=\"attachment_13657\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"351\"]\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/files/2014/01/Fracking-main.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-13657\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/files/2014/01/Fracking-main.jpg\" alt=\"Just over 2,000 wells have been fracked in California, according to industry data. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"351\" height=\"263\" />\u003c/a> Just over 2,000 wells have been fracked in California, according to industry data. (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption]\r\n\r\nHydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has been used for more than 30 years in California, but it’s attracting attention and scrutiny because of renewed interest in the state’s large oil reserve, known as the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/05/21/californias-monterey-shale-bonanza-or-bust-nobody-really-knows/\">Monterey Shale\u003c/a>.\r\n\r\nIn California, fracking is done mainly for oil, while in other states with recent fracking booms, like Pennsylvania and Texas, it’s used largely for natural gas.\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>What is it?\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nFracking is just one phase of the process used to bring an oil or gas well into production. The technique is used to release oil from rocks deep underground. Water, mixed with sand and chemicals, is injected down the well bore at high pressure to create tiny fractures in the rock. \u003ca href=\"http://fracfocus.org/\">According to the oil industry\u003c/a>, more than 2,000 wells have been fracked in the state.\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Concerns\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nEnvironmental groups have called for a moratorium on fracking until the state does a comprehensive review of potential impacts on both water and air quality. A chief concern is the chemicals used, some of which are carcinogens, and potential contamination of groundwater. Fracking also \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/audio/with-drought-new-scrutiny-over-frackings-water-use/\">uses large volumes of freshwater\u003c/a>. Industry sources say it uses less freshwater in California than is used in other states and no cases of groundwater contamination have been found.\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Where it Stands\r\n\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nIn November 2013, state regulators \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2013/11/15/what-californias-new-fracking-rules-would-do-and-not-do/\">released draft rules for fracking\u003c/a> that are now \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/07/11/californias-new-fracking-regulations-delayed-half-a-year/\">expected to go into effect in July 2015\u003c/a>. They followed passage of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/09/11/110875/fracking-bill-caifornia-senate-vote\">SB 4\u003c/a>, a bill signed by Governor Jerry Brown, that spelled out what the regulations should cover.\r\n\r\nUnder the rules, oil and gas operators would be required to apply for a permit prior to fracking a well, and to provide written notice to nearby landowners. Operators would have to disclose what chemicals they use, but not the specific concentrations if they consider those a trade secret. State water regulators are also developing a groundwater monitoring program. The regulations are expected to be finalized by the end of 2014.","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Fracking in California Archives | KQED Science","description":"[caption id=\"attachment_13657\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"351\"] Just over 2,000 wells have been fracked in California, according to industry data. (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption] Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has been used for more than 30 years in California, but it’s attracting attention and scrutiny because of renewed interest in the state’s large oil reserve, known as the Monterey Shale. In California, fracking is done mainly for oil, while in other states with recent fracking booms, like Pennsylvania and Texas, it’s used largely for natural gas. What is it? Fracking is just one phase of the process used to bring an oil or gas well into production. The technique is used to release oil from rocks deep underground. Water, mixed with sand and chemicals, is injected down the well bore at high pressure to create tiny fractures in the rock. According to the oil industry, more than 2,000 wells have been fracked in the state. Concerns Environmental groups have called for a moratorium on fracking until the state does a comprehensive review of potential impacts on both water and air quality. A chief concern is the chemicals used, some of which are carcinogens, and potential contamination of groundwater. Fracking also uses large volumes of freshwater. Industry sources say it uses less freshwater in California than is used in other states and no cases of groundwater contamination have been found. Where it Stands In November 2013, state regulators released draft rules for fracking that are now expected to go into effect in July 2015. They followed passage of SB 4, a bill signed by Governor Jerry Brown, that spelled out what the regulations should cover. Under the rules, oil and gas operators would be required to apply for a permit prior to fracking a well, and to provide written notice to nearby landowners. Operators would have to disclose what chemicals they use, but not the specific concentrations if they consider those a trade secret. State water regulators are also developing a groundwater monitoring program. 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