After Delays, Vallejo's Homeless Shelter Finally Underway
To Sweep Homeless Camps, California Cities Have to Offer Shelter. But What That Means Is Debatable
SF, San José Mayors Push to Fund Shelters as Pressure Builds on Encampments
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California Reformed Medi-Cal to Include 'Whole Person Care' — Is It Working?
San Francisco Opens First Navigation Center for Homeless Young Adults
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That Sinking Feeling . . .
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His work has appeared on Newsweek.com, Slate.com, CBSNews.com, MotherJones.com, DailyKos.com and NPR’s web site. Fiore’s political animation has appeared on CNN, Frontline, Bill Moyers Journal, Salon.com and cable and broadcast outlets across the globe.\r\n\r\nBeginning his professional life by drawing traditional political cartoons for newspapers, Fiore’s work appeared in publications ranging from the Washington Post to the Los Angeles Times. In the late 1990s, he began to experiment with animating political cartoons and, after a short stint at the San Jose Mercury News as their staff cartoonist, Fiore devoted all his energies to animation.\r\nGrowing up in California, Fiore also spent a good portion of his life in the backwoods of Idaho. It was this combination that shaped him politically. Mark majored in political science at Colorado College, where, in a perfect send-off for a cartoonist, he received his diploma in 1991 as commencement speaker Dick Cheney smiled approvingly.\r\nMark Fiore was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for political cartooning in 2010, a Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award in 2004 and has twice received an Online Journalism Award for commentary from the Online News Association (2002, 2008). Fiore has received two awards for his work in new media from the National Cartoonists Society (2001, 2002), and in 2006 received The James Madison Freedom of Information Award from The Society of Professional Journalists.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"MarkFiore","facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/markfiore/?hl=en","linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Mark Fiore | KQED","description":"KQED News Cartoonist","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/markfiore"},"jsmall":{"type":"authors","id":"6625","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6625","found":true},"name":"Julie Small","firstName":"Julie","lastName":"Small","slug":"jsmall","email":"jsmall@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Julie Small reports on criminal justice and immigration.\r\n\r\nShe was part of a team at KQED awarded a regional 2019 Edward R. Murrow award for continuing coverage of the Trump Administration's family separation policy.\r\n\r\nThe Society for Professional Journalists recognized Julie's 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11636262/the-officer-tased-him-31-times-the-sheriff-called-his-death-an-accident\">reporting\u003c/a> on the San Joaquin County Sheriff's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11634689/autopsy-doctors-sheriff-overrode-death-findings-to-protect-law-enforcement\">interference\u003c/a> in death investigations with an Excellence in Journalism Award for Ongoing Coverage.\r\n\r\nJulie's\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11039666/two-mentally-ill-inmates-died-one-month-in-santa-clara\"> reporting\u003c/a> with Lisa Pickoff-White on the treatment of mentally ill offenders in California jails earned a 2017 regional Edward R. Murrow Award for news reporting and an investigative reporting award from the SPJ of Northern California.\r\n\r\nBefore joining KQED, Julie covered government and politics in Sacramento for Southern California Public Radio (SCPR). Her 2010 \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/specials/prisonmedical/\">series\u003c/a> on lapses in California’s prison medical care also won a regional Edward R. Murrow Award for investigative reporting and a Golden Mic Award from the RTNDA of Southern California.\r\n\r\nJulie began her career in journalism in 2000 as the deputy foreign editor for public radio's \u003cem>Marketplace, \u003c/em>while earning her master's degree in journalism from USC’s Annenberg School of Communication.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4baedf201468df97be97c2a9dd7585d0?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"@SmallRadio2","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Julie Small | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4baedf201468df97be97c2a9dd7585d0?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4baedf201468df97be97c2a9dd7585d0?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jsmall"},"msolomon":{"type":"authors","id":"11651","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11651","found":true},"name":"Molly Solomon","firstName":"Molly","lastName":"Solomon","slug":"msolomon","email":"msolomon@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Senior Editor","bio":"Molly Solomon is the senior editor of KQED's California Politics and Government Desk. Previously, she was the station's editor-at-large, with a focus on editing early childhood education, politics, and criminal justice. Before that, she managed and edited statewide election coverage for The California Newsroom, a collaboration of local public radio stations, CalMatters and NPR. Molly joined KQED in 2019 to launch the station’s housing affordability desk, where she reported on homelessness, evictions and is the co-host of KQED’s housing podcast, SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America. Before that, she was the Southwest Washington Bureau Chief for Oregon Public Broadcasting and a reporter at Hawaii Public Radio. Her stories have aired on NPR’s \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Here & Now\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Science Friday\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Marketplace\u003c/em>. Molly's award-winning reporting has been honored by the Best of the West, Edward R. Murrow awards, Society of Professional Journalists, National Headliner Awards, and the Asian American Journalists Association. Born and raised in Berkeley, Molly is a big fan of burritos and her scruffy terrier, Ollie.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9ad9794616923d81c9a79897161545bd?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"solomonout","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Molly Solomon | KQED","description":"Senior Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9ad9794616923d81c9a79897161545bd?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9ad9794616923d81c9a79897161545bd?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/msolomon"},"ebaldassari":{"type":"authors","id":"11652","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11652","found":true},"name":"Erin Baldassari","firstName":"Erin","lastName":"Baldassari","slug":"ebaldassari","email":"ebaldassari@KQED.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Staff Writer","bio":"Erin Baldassari covers housing for KQED. She's a former print journalist and most recently worked as the transportation reporter for the \u003cem>Mercury News\u003c/em> and \u003cem>East Bay Times. \u003c/em>There, she focused on how the Bay Area’s housing shortage has changed the way people move around the region. She also served on the \u003cem>East Bay Times\u003c/em>’ 2017 Pulitzer Prize-winning team for coverage of the Ghost Ship Fire in Oakland. Prior to that, Erin worked as a breaking news and general assignment reporter for a variety of outlets in the Bay Area and the greater Boston area. A Tufts University alumna, Erin grew up in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains and in Sonoma County. She is a life-long KQED listener.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/660ce35d088ca54ad606d7e941abc652?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"e_baldi","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author","edit_others_posts"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Erin Baldassari | KQED","description":"Staff Writer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/660ce35d088ca54ad606d7e941abc652?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/660ce35d088ca54ad606d7e941abc652?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ebaldassari"},"abandlamudi":{"type":"authors","id":"11672","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11672","found":true},"name":"Adhiti Bandlamudi","firstName":"Adhiti","lastName":"Bandlamudi","slug":"abandlamudi","email":"abandlamudi@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Housing Reporter","bio":"Adhiti Bandlamudi reports for KQED's Housing desk. She focuses on how housing gets built across the Bay Area. Before joining KQED in 2020, she reported for WUNC in Durham, North Carolina, WABE in Atlanta, Georgia and Capital Public Radio in Sacramento. In 2017, she was awarded a Kroc Fellowship at NPR where she reported on everything from sprinkles to the Golden State Killer's arrest. When she's not reporting, she's baking new recipes in her kitchen or watching movies with friends and family. She's originally from Georgia and has strong opinions about Great British Bake Off.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/868129c8b257bb99a3500e2c86a65400?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"oddity_adhiti","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Adhiti Bandlamudi | KQED","description":"KQED Housing Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/868129c8b257bb99a3500e2c86a65400?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/868129c8b257bb99a3500e2c86a65400?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/abandlamudi"},"jrodriguez":{"type":"authors","id":"11690","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11690","found":true},"name":"Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez","firstName":"Joe","lastName":"Fitzgerald Rodriguez","slug":"jrodriguez","email":"jrodriguez@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Reporter and Producer","bio":"Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez is a reporter and digital producer for KQED covering politics. Joe most recently wrote for the \u003cem>San Francisco Examiner\u003c/em> as a political columnist covering The City. He was raised in San Francisco and has spent his reporting career in his beloved, foggy, city by the bay. Joe was 12-years-old when he conducted his first interview in journalism, grilling former San Francisco Mayor Willie Brown for the Marina Middle School newspaper, \u003cem>The Penguin Press, \u003c/em>and he continues to report on the San Francisco Bay Area to this day.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2247beb0564c1e9c62228d5649d2edac?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"FitztheReporter","facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/fitzthereporter/","linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"elections","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"liveblog","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez | KQED","description":"Reporter and Producer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2247beb0564c1e9c62228d5649d2edac?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2247beb0564c1e9c62228d5649d2edac?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jrodriguez"},"naltenberg":{"type":"authors","id":"11896","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11896","found":true},"name":"Nik Altenberg","firstName":"Nik","lastName":"Altenberg","slug":"naltenberg","email":"naltenberg@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Nik Altenberg is a newscast intern for KQED and a copy editor and fact checker for Santa Cruz Local. Nik’s reporting interests include policing, public health, environment, immigration, housing and the points where these issues intersect.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e391b3a18ce4a53a7ca3f3065c74418b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/nikaltenberg/","linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Nik Altenberg | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e391b3a18ce4a53a7ca3f3065c74418b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e391b3a18ce4a53a7ca3f3065c74418b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/naltenberg"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11981737":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11981737","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11981737","score":null,"sort":[1712178052000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"after-delays-vallejos-homeless-shelter-finally-underway","title":"After Delays, Vallejo's Homeless Shelter Finally Underway","publishDate":1712178052,"format":"standard","headTitle":"After Delays, Vallejo’s Homeless Shelter Finally Underway | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The city of Vallejo plans to break ground on Thursday on a long-anticipated navigation center that will provide 125 shelter beds and wrap-around services for homeless people. Participants can stay for up to six months, with possible extensions, and be assigned a case manager to help them find permanent housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center will be “a one-stop shop for individuals experiencing homelessness,” said Natalie Peterson, Vallejo’s assistant to the city manager. “While they’re at the navigation center, they will have access to individualized case management, medical and mental health care.” Participants will also have access to job training, she said.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Natalie Peterson, assistant to the city manager, City of Vallejo\"]‘While they’re at the navigation center, they will have access to individualized case management, medical and mental health care.’[/pullquote]The center is expected to have some onsite medical services, as well as showers, laundry, a dining hall and a community garden. There will also be accommodations for people with pets, including a kennel and a space for dogs to run around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone experiencing homelessness in Solano County will be eligible to be referred to the center. Drug and alcohol use will not be allowed on the site, but participants will not have to be sober or submit to drug testing to stay there, Peterson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center will be built using modular construction and is expected to be finished in December, with people moving in shortly after. The project breaking ground is a long time coming, Peterson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a previously planned location for the center was found unfit for human habitation in late 2021, it was just the latest in a series of significant delays to the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea for a center was first proposed in 2017 but has been mired in setbacks ever since. First, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic shuttered plans to break ground in early 2020. Then, the project faced a more than $5 million funding gap in 2021 that led to the city’s former housing and community development program manager, Judy Shepard-Hall, being fired. Now, she’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.vallejosun.com/former-vallejo-housing-manager-sues-city/\">suing the city of Vallejo over it\u003c/a>, alleging then-city manager Greg Nyhoff — who later resigned — set her up to take the fall for bungling the project’s management.[aside label='More on Housing' tag='housing']“There’s been a couple different groups of city staff who have come and gone through this project,” Peterson said. “I think I can speak on behalf of all our partners; we are very excited to see this coming to fruition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Money for the construction was eventually cobbled together from state grants, city funds and leftover pandemic-era state money allocated by Solano County supervisors. About $6 million of operational costs are expected to be covered by Sutter Health, Kaiser Permanente and NorthBay Healthcare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Darryl Curry, senior vice president of Kaiser Permanente’s Napa Solano division, thanked the city of Vallejo for “perseverance in opening the Navigation Center at such a critical time for our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kaiser Permanente’s $3 million contribution to the Vallejo Navigation Center emphasizes our commitment to helping the most vulnerable members of our community secure stable and affordable housing,” Curry said in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Vallejo's 125-bed navigation center will provide both shelter and services to help people find permanent housing.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1712252540,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":575},"headData":{"title":"After Delays, Vallejo's Homeless Shelter Finally Underway | KQED","description":"Vallejo's 125-bed navigation center will provide both shelter and services to help people find permanent housing.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11981737/after-delays-vallejos-homeless-shelter-finally-underway","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The city of Vallejo plans to break ground on Thursday on a long-anticipated navigation center that will provide 125 shelter beds and wrap-around services for homeless people. Participants can stay for up to six months, with possible extensions, and be assigned a case manager to help them find permanent housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center will be “a one-stop shop for individuals experiencing homelessness,” said Natalie Peterson, Vallejo’s assistant to the city manager. “While they’re at the navigation center, they will have access to individualized case management, medical and mental health care.” Participants will also have access to job training, she said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘While they’re at the navigation center, they will have access to individualized case management, medical and mental health care.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Natalie Peterson, assistant to the city manager, City of Vallejo","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The center is expected to have some onsite medical services, as well as showers, laundry, a dining hall and a community garden. There will also be accommodations for people with pets, including a kennel and a space for dogs to run around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone experiencing homelessness in Solano County will be eligible to be referred to the center. Drug and alcohol use will not be allowed on the site, but participants will not have to be sober or submit to drug testing to stay there, Peterson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center will be built using modular construction and is expected to be finished in December, with people moving in shortly after. The project breaking ground is a long time coming, Peterson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a previously planned location for the center was found unfit for human habitation in late 2021, it was just the latest in a series of significant delays to the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea for a center was first proposed in 2017 but has been mired in setbacks ever since. First, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic shuttered plans to break ground in early 2020. Then, the project faced a more than $5 million funding gap in 2021 that led to the city’s former housing and community development program manager, Judy Shepard-Hall, being fired. Now, she’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.vallejosun.com/former-vallejo-housing-manager-sues-city/\">suing the city of Vallejo over it\u003c/a>, alleging then-city manager Greg Nyhoff — who later resigned — set her up to take the fall for bungling the project’s management.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on Housing ","tag":"housing"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“There’s been a couple different groups of city staff who have come and gone through this project,” Peterson said. “I think I can speak on behalf of all our partners; we are very excited to see this coming to fruition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Money for the construction was eventually cobbled together from state grants, city funds and leftover pandemic-era state money allocated by Solano County supervisors. About $6 million of operational costs are expected to be covered by Sutter Health, Kaiser Permanente and NorthBay Healthcare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Darryl Curry, senior vice president of Kaiser Permanente’s Napa Solano division, thanked the city of Vallejo for “perseverance in opening the Navigation Center at such a critical time for our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kaiser Permanente’s $3 million contribution to the Vallejo Navigation Center emphasizes our commitment to helping the most vulnerable members of our community secure stable and affordable housing,” Curry said in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11981737/after-delays-vallejos-homeless-shelter-finally-underway","authors":["11896"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_5259","news_1775","news_273"],"featImg":"news_11981749","label":"news"},"news_11960819":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11960819","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11960819","score":null,"sort":[1694548467000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"to-sweep-homeless-camps-california-cities-have-to-offer-shelter-but-what-that-means-is-debatable","title":"To Sweep Homeless Camps, California Cities Have to Offer Shelter. But What That Means Is Debatable","publishDate":1694548467,"format":"standard","headTitle":"To Sweep Homeless Camps, California Cities Have to Offer Shelter. But What That Means Is Debatable | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Cities in the West can’t legally clear encampments unless they can provide adequate alternative shelter to the camp residents. But what, precisely, constitutes “adequate shelter?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is it one cot among dozens in a congregate shelter? A top bunk for an elderly person? An individual tiny home? A strip of asphalt, without electricity or water, where rows of people can set up their tents?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Shawn Takeuchi, San Diego Police Captain\"]‘We cannot enforce our way through homelessness; it’s not the proper way to address homelessness.’[/pullquote]The definition is at the heart of debates raging across California in the five years since a federal appeals court ruled that it’s cruel and unusual punishment to evict homeless people from public spaces when they have no other options. The 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2018/09/04/15-35845.pdf\">decision on that Boise, Idaho case (PDF)\u003c/a> by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, binding on states in the West, did not require cities to set up enough shelter beds for their entire homeless population, but said it would be unconstitutional to criminally penalize people camping in public when they lack “access to adequate temporary shelter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week a three-judge panel of that same court took another crack at the issue — this time declining to lift a temporary order that has, for nine months, halted San Francisco officials from sweeping the city’s homeless camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most recent order gave San Francisco officials confirmation that the city can sweep sites and cite residents who are “voluntarily” homeless: those refusing legitimate, adequate shelter offers. Officials said they haven’t yet decided whether to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960830\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_12.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11960830\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_12-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view of a housing site.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_12-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_12-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_12-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_12-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_12-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_12.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of Chico’s emergency non-congregate housing site. \u003ccite>(Fred Greaves/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California cities have been itching to get around the technical bounds of the Idaho ruling as constituents with homes complain about encampments in public spaces, citing public health and other concerns. Many local governments say they can ban encampments and that they have the alternative shelter options to enforce it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calling it a necessary form of tough love, they’re cracking down on public camps, pairing an offer of shelter — or a stern prodding toward it — with the threat of arrest or fine. San Diego in late July began enforcing a ban on camps in most public places during the day; other cities that have recently passed camping restrictions include Sacramento, San Rafael and Culver City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some say the carrot-and-stick approach is too weak a response to flagrant public health and safety concerns on the streets. Others say it’s an infringement on the rights of unhoused people who, if they refuse shelter because of personal circumstances, will get shuffled around town, lose belongings and contact with social workers, or be pushed to more remote or dangerous places to sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, both advocates for the homeless and the city claimed the latest court decision supported their side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are pleased that the 9th Circuit agreed with the City that the preliminary injunction does not apply to those who refuse shelter or those who have a shelter bed and choose to maintain a tent on the street,” City Attorney David Chiu said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An attorney for the plaintiffs, a group of unsheltered San Franciscans and the nonprofit Coalition on Homelessness, said that was always the case — but with shelters often near capacity, the city hasn’t shown it is truly providing adequate offers to those on the streets. More than 4,000 people live unsheltered on the streets in San Francisco, while the city has \u003ca href=\"https://hsh.sfgov.org/services/the-homelessness-response-system/shelter/\">just over 3,000 beds\u003c/a>, and notes that not all unoccupied beds are immediately available for someone to be placed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is, are those people actually voluntarily homeless, did they actually give them a specific offer?” said Zal Shroff, interim legal director of the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights of the San Francisco Bay Area. “The city is representing that 4,000 people on the streets are there by choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New bans with new tents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In San Diego, police have for more than a month been enforcing a controversial new ban on camps on most public property during the day, or when shelter is available. The July ban prohibits camping near schools or shelters and in parks regardless of whether there’s shelter available. Enforcement coincided with \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiego.gov/homelessness-strategies-and-solutions/services/safe-sleeping-program\">a new “Safe Sleeping site”\u003c/a> near a city park as a nod to adequate shelter options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though police have also recently ramped up enforcement of an older law banning camps from blocking sidewalks, they say they haven’t yet made an arrest under the new one, instead issuing 85 warnings and four citations in August. Police say they’re employing a progressive strategy by which city staff and then police offer shelter first and issue a warning, then step up to a misdemeanor charge or even an arrest if an unhoused person continues to camp in a prohibited spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego Police Capt. Shawn Takeuchi of the Neighborhood Policing Division acknowledges it’s an imperfect approach to the needs of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rtfhsd.org/wp-content/uploads/2023-City-of-San-Diego-Region-Breakdown.pdf\">6,500 city residents (PDF)\u003c/a> who are homeless any given night this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of those, about 2,600 were in shelter beds. Nearly 3,300 were unsheltered — more than a 30% increase from last year. There are about 1,800 city-funded \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/hssd-comprehensive-shelter-strategy.pdf\">shelter beds in San Diego (PDF)\u003c/a> and about 600 others that are not funded by the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11959120,news_11950967,news_11954909\" label=\"Related Stories\"]“We cannot enforce our way through homelessness; it’s not the proper way to address homelessness,” Takeuchi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for those who refuse a shelter placement or willingly flaunt other laws such as those against public drug use, Takeuchi said, “enough’s enough. Government intervention needs to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new “safe sleeping site” — a fenced asphalt lot with 136 tents that fit up to two people each — is located in a city maintenance yard tucked into the southern edge of the storied Balboa Park. The park and areas near schools have been the city’s first enforcement targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city-funded site offers two meals a day, showers and services to help residents with their housing search. Couples can stay together. Folks can stay indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a new option in a city that has historically offered only large congregate shelters, which many refuse or find unsuitable. Mayor Todd Gloria said it comes with the “expectation” that more people will choose it over living on the streets when beds are available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have put out a tremendous amount of carrots and we do need a few sticks,” he said. “It is the expectations of taxpayers funding these efforts that folks avail themselves of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of last week, the site had seven tents open, a spokesperson for Gloria said. The city’s other shelters are all nearly full any given night, said Sofia Cardenas, data and compliance manager at the Alpha Project, a San Diego nonprofit that runs five other shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neighboring cities have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/huge-influx-of-homeless-in-chula-vista-after-san-diegos-camping-ban-begins-nonprofit-director/3279891/\">reported increases\u003c/a> in encampments in their own borders in the wake of San Diego’s new law, and Cardenas said the nonprofit’s outreach workers are having a harder time finding clients who have scattered around the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Takeuchi acknowledged when officers approach a person with a warning or to cite them for violating the camping ban, they don’t necessarily know if there’s a placement for that person’s specific circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not as simple as, okay, there’s a bed available for every person we contact because there are certain beds that are not available to certain populations of folks,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When considering the new ordinance, the city’s attorneys \u003ca href=\"https://docs.sandiego.gov/memooflaw/MS-2023-4.pdf\">in a legal memo (PDF)\u003c/a> noted that certain shelter options would be inadequate and put the city in danger of violating the Idaho ruling — such as an offer of a top bunk for an elderly or disabled person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first month of enforcement, Takeuchi said out of 85 warnings only three people told police they would agree to a shelter placement, though people who are interested can call the city directly and do not have to accept the offer directly from police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cardenas said the city should have increased the number and variety of shelter beds before starting the enforcement, and said existing shelter spaces, including the tent site, may still be inadequate for the elderly or those with disabilities or mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mostly we see people shuffling around,” trying to avoid police, Cardenas said. “When we’re asking them to accept sanctioned campgrounds … is that the best we can do? Accept this, or go to jail?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities contend they’ve been increasing the options. In San Diego, Gloria said officials have another sanctioned campsite planned to open this year that will be able to accommodate up to 400, and have loosened rules on the city’s congregate shelters so that residents can bring in a pet and are not required to be sober.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mirroring other California politicians on the matter, Gloria criticized activists who call the shelter offerings inadequate as an “infinitesimally small number of voices who seemingly enjoy seeing encampments on the streets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s never enough for them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Better for who?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even if shelter spaces are open, unhoused people sometimes opt out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the din of the Highway 99 overpass along the edge of Sacramento’s urban core, a man emerged from his tent on a recent weekend morning and sat at a makeshift breakfast table, shaking a box of cereal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man, who would only identify himself as 53-year-old Eric D., said he’d lived at this encampment of about five tents for about a month. His last campsite was a few blocks away near a freeway exit, and highway patrol officers told him he had to leave. The officers had given him a pamphlet with information about social services and shelter; he said “most of the information, a lot of the homeless people already know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Better for who?” he said, when asked whether he would consider a shelter placement better than the encampment. “It depends on the individual.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960831\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_15.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11960831\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_15-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view of a housing site with a few people walking around.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_15-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_15-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_15-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_15-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_15.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People and dogs walking between pallet shelters at an emergency non-congregate housing site in Chico on Sept. 6, 2023. \u003ccite>(Fred Greaves/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the freeway exit site, Eric said he’d stayed at a shelter near downtown Sacramento for about two months, but said he got kicked out after missing the curfew three times. The third time, he said he had been staying with relatives while attending a family funeral. Now, he walks or takes the bus two miles from the tent to the community college where he takes classes twice a week, and a social worker visits him occasionally, helping him search for an apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric said not all shelter experiences are comfortable and some people chafe at the rules. If he tries one again, he would want it to be near the community college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people are living harder than they need to,” he said of life on the streets. “Me, I can’t stand it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His neighbor, Joel Martinez, bagged up trash on the sidewalk before sitting down to light a cigarette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez, 63, considers himself a caretaker for a friend he’s met on the streets. She lives around the corner in a van, and that morning she was leaning on its hood partially clothed, chattering to herself. Martinez worries about leaving her alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She talks to people we don’t see or hear,” he said. “People were taking advantage of her. I don’t know if she’d fit in at a shelter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Martinez said, he’s trying to talk her into moving indoors or to a sanctioned campground with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he understands why cities are moving to ban encampments, and said not all residents keep their camps clean, though some, he said, “police ourselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know people don’t like to be reminded of the homelessness,” he said. “But it’s here, and it seems like the COVID thing really brought it all out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Asphalt next to an airport doesn’t count\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Federal courts have rarely defined the adequacy of specific types of shelter — though in one extreme case a judge said some things simply don’t count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Chico, a group of unhoused residents sued the city in 2021 over its enforcement of a ban on camping on any public property. At the time, the city had 120 congregate shelter beds (capacity was diminished during the pandemic) and more than 570 unsheltered residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the suit, officials opened a temporary sanctioned campground that summer where residents were allowed to park trailers or pitch tents. The city said it could accommodate its entire homeless population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960829\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_07.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11960829\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_07-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Airplanes and a control tower in the distance.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_07-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_07-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_07-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_07-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_07-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_07.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Airplanes and the control tower of the Chico Regional Airport in Chico on Sept. 6, 2023. \u003ccite>(Fred Greaves/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Federal District Court Judge Morrison C. England — upon finding that the campground was a strip of asphalt alongside the local airport on the outskirts of town, with one awning erected for shade — \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Chico-preliminary-injunction.pdf\">was unconvinced (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This raises the question, ‘What is shelter?’” he wrote, before quickly dismissing Chico’s “asphalt tarmac with no roof and no walls, no water and no electricity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chico officials closed the airport site after less than three months, and last year settled the suit by agreeing to build a “pallet shelter” — 177 tiny homes — where those who are camping in a prohibited spot can be directed by outreach workers or police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the settlement, when the city \u003ca href=\"https://chico.ca.us/sites/main/files/file-attachments/camping_enforcement_timline-2022-08-19.pdf?1660944310\">plans to sweep a camp (PDF)\u003c/a>, it must count the number of people living there and confirm there’s enough open shelter beds for them, then notify the plaintiffs’ attorneys and conduct outreach to offer the residents shelter in a process that could take 17 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 300 people have stayed at the new site since April, either because the city was about to sweep their campsites or because they called the city shelter intake line themselves, said Amber Abney-Bass, executive director of the nonprofit Jesus Center which is contracted by the city to run the site. More than 140 of them left either for violating program rules or not returning to their bed for 72 hours, prompting the shelter to give the slot to somebody else, she said. Fourteen have moved on to more stable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abney-Bass said she’s glad the case caused the city to create more beds, but she’s wary that as congregate shelters fall out of favor, some will remain on the streets believing “nothing else is good enough” compared to a tiny home placement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her nonprofit has assessed more than 100 other people living on the streets since the settlement who have refused a shelter placement if they couldn’t get into the tiny homes site.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Waiting for more judicial guidance\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In another case, in Sacramento, a federal judge has temporarily halted encampment sweeps during heat waves twice since last year, after advocates pointed out in court that the city had been directing unhoused people to a sanctioned campground on unshaded asphalt. The site, city attorney Susana Alcala Wood said, does have meals, showers, restrooms and social services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has asked the 9th Circuit to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to advise my client as to what constitutes sufficient shelter, I need the court to tell me,” Alcala Wood said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, Sacramento has not issued criminal citations against unhoused people violating new camping restrictions passed last year, including bans on camping near schools or for blocking sidewalks. Instead, assistant City Manager Mario Lara said city workers focus on “voluntary compliance,” which does include ordering people to move their tents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s drawn the ire of residents and other local politicians who want camps cleared faster and more frequently. Sacramento County District Attorney Thien Ho has \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article279073229.html\">threatened city officials \u003c/a>with legal action if they don’t enforce the camping bans more aggressively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether California’s shelter options are “adequate” alternatives to encampments remains an open question. Will Knight, decriminalization director at the National Homelessness Law Center, who opposes the bans, said that’s the next legal frontier for cities hoping to enforce camping restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knight defines adequate shelter as accommodating of the personal reasons someone might refuse a traditional shelter bed — including proximity to their children’s school, transportation options or wanting to stay with a pet or partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has to be done from an extremely humane and individualized level,” he said, of enforcing camping bans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Idaho ruling undergirding the debate may go before the Supreme Court. The Oregon city of Grants Pass, after losing its bid to enforce its camping ban in a similar case before the 9th Circuit this year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-175/275911/20230823153037814_Grants%20Pass%20v.%20Johnson_cert%20petition_corrected.pdf\">has appealed (PDF)\u003c/a> to the high court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcala Wood, of Sacramento, said she’s among a number of city attorneys who plan to sign on to a brief asking the U.S. Supreme Court to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is a shelter not adequate if it doesn’t provide a place for your pets? Is a shelter not adequate if it doesn’t provide a place for you to store all your excess personal belongings?” she said, ticking off cities’ questions about their obligations. “Should we allow a person to be able to cook in a shelter? What about open flames? These are all questions we do not have the answers to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Police can’t force homeless people from encampments unless the city in question has 'adequate shelter' to offer the people getting forced off the street, according to courts. Now everyone involved wants to know what 'adequate shelter' is.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1694551574,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":69,"wordCount":3067},"headData":{"title":"To Sweep Homeless Camps, California Cities Have to Offer Shelter. But What That Means Is Debatable | KQED","description":"Police can’t force homeless people from encampments unless the city in question has 'adequate shelter' to offer the people getting forced off the street, according to courts. Now everyone involved wants to know what 'adequate shelter' is.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/jeanne-kuang/\">Jeanne Kuang\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11960819/to-sweep-homeless-camps-california-cities-have-to-offer-shelter-but-what-that-means-is-debatable","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Cities in the West can’t legally clear encampments unless they can provide adequate alternative shelter to the camp residents. But what, precisely, constitutes “adequate shelter?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is it one cot among dozens in a congregate shelter? A top bunk for an elderly person? An individual tiny home? A strip of asphalt, without electricity or water, where rows of people can set up their tents?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We cannot enforce our way through homelessness; it’s not the proper way to address homelessness.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Shawn Takeuchi, San Diego Police Captain","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The definition is at the heart of debates raging across California in the five years since a federal appeals court ruled that it’s cruel and unusual punishment to evict homeless people from public spaces when they have no other options. The 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2018/09/04/15-35845.pdf\">decision on that Boise, Idaho case (PDF)\u003c/a> by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, binding on states in the West, did not require cities to set up enough shelter beds for their entire homeless population, but said it would be unconstitutional to criminally penalize people camping in public when they lack “access to adequate temporary shelter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week a three-judge panel of that same court took another crack at the issue — this time declining to lift a temporary order that has, for nine months, halted San Francisco officials from sweeping the city’s homeless camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most recent order gave San Francisco officials confirmation that the city can sweep sites and cite residents who are “voluntarily” homeless: those refusing legitimate, adequate shelter offers. Officials said they haven’t yet decided whether to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960830\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_12.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11960830\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_12-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view of a housing site.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_12-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_12-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_12-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_12-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_12-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_12.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of Chico’s emergency non-congregate housing site. \u003ccite>(Fred Greaves/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California cities have been itching to get around the technical bounds of the Idaho ruling as constituents with homes complain about encampments in public spaces, citing public health and other concerns. Many local governments say they can ban encampments and that they have the alternative shelter options to enforce it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calling it a necessary form of tough love, they’re cracking down on public camps, pairing an offer of shelter — or a stern prodding toward it — with the threat of arrest or fine. San Diego in late July began enforcing a ban on camps in most public places during the day; other cities that have recently passed camping restrictions include Sacramento, San Rafael and Culver City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some say the carrot-and-stick approach is too weak a response to flagrant public health and safety concerns on the streets. Others say it’s an infringement on the rights of unhoused people who, if they refuse shelter because of personal circumstances, will get shuffled around town, lose belongings and contact with social workers, or be pushed to more remote or dangerous places to sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, both advocates for the homeless and the city claimed the latest court decision supported their side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are pleased that the 9th Circuit agreed with the City that the preliminary injunction does not apply to those who refuse shelter or those who have a shelter bed and choose to maintain a tent on the street,” City Attorney David Chiu said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An attorney for the plaintiffs, a group of unsheltered San Franciscans and the nonprofit Coalition on Homelessness, said that was always the case — but with shelters often near capacity, the city hasn’t shown it is truly providing adequate offers to those on the streets. More than 4,000 people live unsheltered on the streets in San Francisco, while the city has \u003ca href=\"https://hsh.sfgov.org/services/the-homelessness-response-system/shelter/\">just over 3,000 beds\u003c/a>, and notes that not all unoccupied beds are immediately available for someone to be placed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is, are those people actually voluntarily homeless, did they actually give them a specific offer?” said Zal Shroff, interim legal director of the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights of the San Francisco Bay Area. “The city is representing that 4,000 people on the streets are there by choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New bans with new tents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In San Diego, police have for more than a month been enforcing a controversial new ban on camps on most public property during the day, or when shelter is available. The July ban prohibits camping near schools or shelters and in parks regardless of whether there’s shelter available. Enforcement coincided with \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiego.gov/homelessness-strategies-and-solutions/services/safe-sleeping-program\">a new “Safe Sleeping site”\u003c/a> near a city park as a nod to adequate shelter options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though police have also recently ramped up enforcement of an older law banning camps from blocking sidewalks, they say they haven’t yet made an arrest under the new one, instead issuing 85 warnings and four citations in August. Police say they’re employing a progressive strategy by which city staff and then police offer shelter first and issue a warning, then step up to a misdemeanor charge or even an arrest if an unhoused person continues to camp in a prohibited spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego Police Capt. Shawn Takeuchi of the Neighborhood Policing Division acknowledges it’s an imperfect approach to the needs of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rtfhsd.org/wp-content/uploads/2023-City-of-San-Diego-Region-Breakdown.pdf\">6,500 city residents (PDF)\u003c/a> who are homeless any given night this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of those, about 2,600 were in shelter beds. Nearly 3,300 were unsheltered — more than a 30% increase from last year. There are about 1,800 city-funded \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/hssd-comprehensive-shelter-strategy.pdf\">shelter beds in San Diego (PDF)\u003c/a> and about 600 others that are not funded by the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11959120,news_11950967,news_11954909","label":"Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We cannot enforce our way through homelessness; it’s not the proper way to address homelessness,” Takeuchi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for those who refuse a shelter placement or willingly flaunt other laws such as those against public drug use, Takeuchi said, “enough’s enough. Government intervention needs to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new “safe sleeping site” — a fenced asphalt lot with 136 tents that fit up to two people each — is located in a city maintenance yard tucked into the southern edge of the storied Balboa Park. The park and areas near schools have been the city’s first enforcement targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city-funded site offers two meals a day, showers and services to help residents with their housing search. Couples can stay together. Folks can stay indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a new option in a city that has historically offered only large congregate shelters, which many refuse or find unsuitable. Mayor Todd Gloria said it comes with the “expectation” that more people will choose it over living on the streets when beds are available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have put out a tremendous amount of carrots and we do need a few sticks,” he said. “It is the expectations of taxpayers funding these efforts that folks avail themselves of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of last week, the site had seven tents open, a spokesperson for Gloria said. The city’s other shelters are all nearly full any given night, said Sofia Cardenas, data and compliance manager at the Alpha Project, a San Diego nonprofit that runs five other shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neighboring cities have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/huge-influx-of-homeless-in-chula-vista-after-san-diegos-camping-ban-begins-nonprofit-director/3279891/\">reported increases\u003c/a> in encampments in their own borders in the wake of San Diego’s new law, and Cardenas said the nonprofit’s outreach workers are having a harder time finding clients who have scattered around the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Takeuchi acknowledged when officers approach a person with a warning or to cite them for violating the camping ban, they don’t necessarily know if there’s a placement for that person’s specific circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not as simple as, okay, there’s a bed available for every person we contact because there are certain beds that are not available to certain populations of folks,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When considering the new ordinance, the city’s attorneys \u003ca href=\"https://docs.sandiego.gov/memooflaw/MS-2023-4.pdf\">in a legal memo (PDF)\u003c/a> noted that certain shelter options would be inadequate and put the city in danger of violating the Idaho ruling — such as an offer of a top bunk for an elderly or disabled person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first month of enforcement, Takeuchi said out of 85 warnings only three people told police they would agree to a shelter placement, though people who are interested can call the city directly and do not have to accept the offer directly from police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cardenas said the city should have increased the number and variety of shelter beds before starting the enforcement, and said existing shelter spaces, including the tent site, may still be inadequate for the elderly or those with disabilities or mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mostly we see people shuffling around,” trying to avoid police, Cardenas said. “When we’re asking them to accept sanctioned campgrounds … is that the best we can do? Accept this, or go to jail?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities contend they’ve been increasing the options. In San Diego, Gloria said officials have another sanctioned campsite planned to open this year that will be able to accommodate up to 400, and have loosened rules on the city’s congregate shelters so that residents can bring in a pet and are not required to be sober.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mirroring other California politicians on the matter, Gloria criticized activists who call the shelter offerings inadequate as an “infinitesimally small number of voices who seemingly enjoy seeing encampments on the streets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s never enough for them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Better for who?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even if shelter spaces are open, unhoused people sometimes opt out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the din of the Highway 99 overpass along the edge of Sacramento’s urban core, a man emerged from his tent on a recent weekend morning and sat at a makeshift breakfast table, shaking a box of cereal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man, who would only identify himself as 53-year-old Eric D., said he’d lived at this encampment of about five tents for about a month. His last campsite was a few blocks away near a freeway exit, and highway patrol officers told him he had to leave. The officers had given him a pamphlet with information about social services and shelter; he said “most of the information, a lot of the homeless people already know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Better for who?” he said, when asked whether he would consider a shelter placement better than the encampment. “It depends on the individual.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960831\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_15.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11960831\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_15-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view of a housing site with a few people walking around.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_15-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_15-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_15-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_15-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_15.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People and dogs walking between pallet shelters at an emergency non-congregate housing site in Chico on Sept. 6, 2023. \u003ccite>(Fred Greaves/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the freeway exit site, Eric said he’d stayed at a shelter near downtown Sacramento for about two months, but said he got kicked out after missing the curfew three times. The third time, he said he had been staying with relatives while attending a family funeral. Now, he walks or takes the bus two miles from the tent to the community college where he takes classes twice a week, and a social worker visits him occasionally, helping him search for an apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric said not all shelter experiences are comfortable and some people chafe at the rules. If he tries one again, he would want it to be near the community college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people are living harder than they need to,” he said of life on the streets. “Me, I can’t stand it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His neighbor, Joel Martinez, bagged up trash on the sidewalk before sitting down to light a cigarette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez, 63, considers himself a caretaker for a friend he’s met on the streets. She lives around the corner in a van, and that morning she was leaning on its hood partially clothed, chattering to herself. Martinez worries about leaving her alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She talks to people we don’t see or hear,” he said. “People were taking advantage of her. I don’t know if she’d fit in at a shelter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Martinez said, he’s trying to talk her into moving indoors or to a sanctioned campground with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he understands why cities are moving to ban encampments, and said not all residents keep their camps clean, though some, he said, “police ourselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know people don’t like to be reminded of the homelessness,” he said. “But it’s here, and it seems like the COVID thing really brought it all out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Asphalt next to an airport doesn’t count\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Federal courts have rarely defined the adequacy of specific types of shelter — though in one extreme case a judge said some things simply don’t count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Chico, a group of unhoused residents sued the city in 2021 over its enforcement of a ban on camping on any public property. At the time, the city had 120 congregate shelter beds (capacity was diminished during the pandemic) and more than 570 unsheltered residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the suit, officials opened a temporary sanctioned campground that summer where residents were allowed to park trailers or pitch tents. The city said it could accommodate its entire homeless population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960829\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_07.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11960829\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_07-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Airplanes and a control tower in the distance.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_07-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_07-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_07-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_07-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_07-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/090623_Chico_Homeless_FG_CM_07.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Airplanes and the control tower of the Chico Regional Airport in Chico on Sept. 6, 2023. \u003ccite>(Fred Greaves/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Federal District Court Judge Morrison C. England — upon finding that the campground was a strip of asphalt alongside the local airport on the outskirts of town, with one awning erected for shade — \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Chico-preliminary-injunction.pdf\">was unconvinced (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This raises the question, ‘What is shelter?’” he wrote, before quickly dismissing Chico’s “asphalt tarmac with no roof and no walls, no water and no electricity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chico officials closed the airport site after less than three months, and last year settled the suit by agreeing to build a “pallet shelter” — 177 tiny homes — where those who are camping in a prohibited spot can be directed by outreach workers or police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the settlement, when the city \u003ca href=\"https://chico.ca.us/sites/main/files/file-attachments/camping_enforcement_timline-2022-08-19.pdf?1660944310\">plans to sweep a camp (PDF)\u003c/a>, it must count the number of people living there and confirm there’s enough open shelter beds for them, then notify the plaintiffs’ attorneys and conduct outreach to offer the residents shelter in a process that could take 17 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 300 people have stayed at the new site since April, either because the city was about to sweep their campsites or because they called the city shelter intake line themselves, said Amber Abney-Bass, executive director of the nonprofit Jesus Center which is contracted by the city to run the site. More than 140 of them left either for violating program rules or not returning to their bed for 72 hours, prompting the shelter to give the slot to somebody else, she said. Fourteen have moved on to more stable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abney-Bass said she’s glad the case caused the city to create more beds, but she’s wary that as congregate shelters fall out of favor, some will remain on the streets believing “nothing else is good enough” compared to a tiny home placement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her nonprofit has assessed more than 100 other people living on the streets since the settlement who have refused a shelter placement if they couldn’t get into the tiny homes site.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Waiting for more judicial guidance\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In another case, in Sacramento, a federal judge has temporarily halted encampment sweeps during heat waves twice since last year, after advocates pointed out in court that the city had been directing unhoused people to a sanctioned campground on unshaded asphalt. The site, city attorney Susana Alcala Wood said, does have meals, showers, restrooms and social services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has asked the 9th Circuit to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to advise my client as to what constitutes sufficient shelter, I need the court to tell me,” Alcala Wood said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, Sacramento has not issued criminal citations against unhoused people violating new camping restrictions passed last year, including bans on camping near schools or for blocking sidewalks. Instead, assistant City Manager Mario Lara said city workers focus on “voluntary compliance,” which does include ordering people to move their tents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s drawn the ire of residents and other local politicians who want camps cleared faster and more frequently. Sacramento County District Attorney Thien Ho has \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article279073229.html\">threatened city officials \u003c/a>with legal action if they don’t enforce the camping bans more aggressively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether California’s shelter options are “adequate” alternatives to encampments remains an open question. Will Knight, decriminalization director at the National Homelessness Law Center, who opposes the bans, said that’s the next legal frontier for cities hoping to enforce camping restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knight defines adequate shelter as accommodating of the personal reasons someone might refuse a traditional shelter bed — including proximity to their children’s school, transportation options or wanting to stay with a pet or partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has to be done from an extremely humane and individualized level,” he said, of enforcing camping bans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Idaho ruling undergirding the debate may go before the Supreme Court. The Oregon city of Grants Pass, after losing its bid to enforce its camping ban in a similar case before the 9th Circuit this year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/23/23-175/275911/20230823153037814_Grants%20Pass%20v.%20Johnson_cert%20petition_corrected.pdf\">has appealed (PDF)\u003c/a> to the high court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcala Wood, of Sacramento, said she’s among a number of city attorneys who plan to sign on to a brief asking the U.S. Supreme Court to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is a shelter not adequate if it doesn’t provide a place for your pets? Is a shelter not adequate if it doesn’t provide a place for you to store all your excess personal belongings?” she said, ticking off cities’ questions about their obligations. “Should we allow a person to be able to cook in a shelter? What about open flames? These are all questions we do not have the answers to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11960819/to-sweep-homeless-camps-california-cities-have-to-offer-shelter-but-what-that-means-is-debatable","authors":["byline_news_11960819"],"categories":["news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_20305","news_21214","news_5259"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11960832","label":"news_18481"},"news_11953006":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11953006","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11953006","score":null,"sort":[1686925837000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sf-san-jose-mayors-push-to-fund-shelters-as-pressure-builds-on-encampments","title":"SF, San José Mayors Push to Fund Shelters as Pressure Builds on Encampments","publishDate":1686925837,"format":"standard","headTitle":"SF, San José Mayors Push to Fund Shelters as Pressure Builds on Encampments | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A growing number of California mayors are pushing for a realignment of homelessness spending \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11952913/san-jose-council-approves-modest-shift-toward-temporary-homeless-housing\">toward shelters and temporary housing\u003c/a> in the face of political pressure to clear encampments and deliver visible reductions of people experiencing homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that shift has a trade-off: In a world of limited and often dwindling local dollars, more money for short-term solutions means less funding for permanent housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This dynamic has led to pitched budget battles this month in the Bay Area’s two largest cities, with Mayors London Breed in San Francisco and Matt Mahan in San José pushing for more voter-approved homelessness dollars to go toward temporary housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[ad fullwidth]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayors are grappling with the legal reality that making housing available is a prerequisite for clearing tents — and they are bolstered by advancements in the quality of temporary shelters they can offer residents living on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We certainly need housing at all levels of affordability that will require public subsidy — not disagreeing with any of that,” said Mahan, who was dealt a setback this week \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11952913/san-jose-council-approves-modest-shift-toward-temporary-homeless-housing\">when his homelessness spending plan was voted down\u003c/a> by the city council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"San Francisco Mayor London Breed\"]‘The goal is to shift it towards what the needs are. And so that includes housing, it includes shelter because we need to immediately get people into a place to help decide where they belong.’[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But as long as we have thousands of people living and literally dying on our streets, I think we have to lean into the faster-to-deploy, more cost-effective solutions for getting people into a safe, managed environment with the privacy and stability that they need to take advantage of supportive services,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pressures driving this pivot are familiar to mayors across the state and the nation. Thousands of unsheltered residents are suffering and dying on city sidewalks, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/homeless-populations-are-rising-around-california/\">homelessness in California has risen since the pandemic at a higher rate than elsewhere in the country\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Breed, the shift is a political response to worsening street conditions. In her budget reveal at the end of May, she proposed a controversial move to help fund temporary shelters for unhoused adults by reallocating funding meant to build housing for families and young adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal is to shift it towards what the needs are. And so that includes housing, it includes shelter because we need to immediately get people into a place to help decide where they belong,” Breed said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11953071\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11953071\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS52736_023_SanFrancisco_OmicronPressConference_12012021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman with brown hair and a light blue dress stands with her hands folded in front of her. She is looking toward the left. She is standing in front of San Francisco's City Hall building listening to a speech.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS52736_023_SanFrancisco_OmicronPressConference_12012021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS52736_023_SanFrancisco_OmicronPressConference_12012021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS52736_023_SanFrancisco_OmicronPressConference_12012021-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS52736_023_SanFrancisco_OmicronPressConference_12012021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS52736_023_SanFrancisco_OmicronPressConference_12012021-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mayor London Breed at San Francisco City Hall on Dec. 1, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, Mayor Karen Bass defeated a more pro-shelter opponent in last year’s mayoral election. But she has turned to temporary units and hotels as a way to ameliorate street homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sacramento, city officials are scrambling to implement a voter-approved measure requiring a certain level of shelter capacity. And hours after San José’s vote, the city council in San Diego approved \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/homelessness/story/2023-06-13/study-shows-san-diego-falls-far-short-of-shelter-beds-needed-to-house-homeless-people\">an encampment ban that will necessitate an expansion of shelter beds\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing interest in the quick-build, particularly, because I think to really address the dangerous encampments, to try to do it as quickly as possible, you need this kind of mid-term or interim approach,” said Michael Lane, state policy director at SPUR, a Bay Area think tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that’s why you’re seeing some of these fights at the local level, because that is a relatively new development over the past few years to really say, yes, we need all of this,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lane shares in the consensus that cities need investments in permanent as well as temporary housing. But debates in San José and San Francisco have centered on limited pools of tax dollars dedicated to reducing homelessness.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[aside postID=news_11952870 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS41773_007_KQED_HousingSanFrancisco_02102020_2898-qut-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/span>In that context, a dollar spent paying for an affordable apartment complex can’t be used for a shelter bed. And then, there’s the politics: Both Mahan and Breed are up for reelection next year and face “tremendous pressure” to ensure their city streets are clear of homelessness, Lane said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, Mahan’s homelessness spending plan ran into heavy opposition from members of the city council, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11952913/san-jose-council-approves-modest-shift-toward-temporary-homeless-housing\">instead opted to approve a more modest reallocation toward temporary beds\u003c/a>. Nevertheless, Mahan said that conversations with fellow mayors have led him to believe a broader “rebalancing” of homelessness spending priorities is underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe this is a trend across the state,” he said. “I suspect that we will see federal, state and county sources shift toward the solutions that are faster and more cost-effective and help us scale solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also informing the mayors’ moves: the changing nature of shelter beds and the length of time people can stay in them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José has opened six interim housing sites that bear little resemblance to traditional congregate shelters. Instead of a cot in a large room, residents of the city’s emergency interim housing units can stay for months — and sometimes longer — in a prefabricated apartment, often with a private bathroom and on-site supportive services. When Breed announced her homelessness funding plan in May, she did so at the site of a tiny-home village on Gough Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>San Francisco mayor looks to redirect money for youth\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, the permanent housing funds that Breed wants to tap come from a hard-fought pot of money intended for youth and families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2018 ballot measure known as Proposition C, the Our City, Our Home tax, got just under a two-thirds majority vote to pass, opening it up to legal challenge — even after the effort got major financial backing from Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff. The measure eventually won out, and it taxes businesses making more than $50 million to raise an expected $300 million annually, half of which was earmarked for permanent housing by voter mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing a $780 million budget shortfall over the next two years, however, Breed’s new budget proposes the city reallocate roughly $60 million of Proposition C funding over the next two years — money that was intended to build permanent homes for young people age 18–24 who are experiencing homelessness, or families with children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, that funding may pay for the expansion of hours at two city homeless shelters, add 350 slots for temporary rental assistance and 75 units of supportive housing for adults, maintain the operation of a program helping people who live in oversize RVs to repair their vehicles, and to help fund a Bayview small-cabin shelter site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sherilyn Adams, executive director of Larkin Street Youth Services, a service provider focused on unhoused youth, said the city already under-spends on young people as well as “transitional age youth,” who are between 18 and 25.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Sherilyn Adams, executive director, Larkin Street Youth Services\"]‘The reason there are people living outside is because we have insufficient housing stock for young people. That only gets worse if we don’t bring on any new interventions.’[/pullquote]There were roughly 1,100 people under 25 years old living on San Francisco’s streets during the last point-in-time count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason there are people living outside is because we have insufficient housing stock for young people. That only gets worse if we don’t bring on any new interventions” like building more housing, Adams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101893348/s-f-mayor-london-breed-on-how-to-prevent-an-economic-doom-loop-and-her-new-budget\">KQED’s Forum in early June\u003c/a>, Breed defended her budget reallocation, saying there aren’t any sites in San Francisco that have been identified yet to build housing for transitional-age youth. But Adams said that’s an easily fixable problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not having a building identified for transition-aged youth, so that they could allocate or use the existing Prop. C funds, does not mean that there’s not young people sleeping outside. It means you didn’t find a building. Unallocated is not the same as unneeded,” Adams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Legal and national pressures on mayors \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Part of the push for California mayors to favor shelters over permanent housing is the result of legal constraints. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/23748522/tent-encampments-martin-boise-homelessness-housing\">2018 Martin v. City of Boise federal appeals court decision\u003c/a> bars locales from clearing out tent encampments if they don’t have enough shelter to offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco doesn’t have enough shelter placements for the number of people experiencing homelessness in the city, which in December prompted U.S. Magistrate Judge Donna M. Ryu to place an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11950967/advocates-for-unhoused-san-franciscans-say-encampment-sweeps-continue-despite-court-order-call-on-judge-to-rein-city-in\">injunction against encampment sweeps\u003c/a>.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Eric Tars, legal director, National Homelessness Law Center\"]‘When you have that increased street homelessness, in particular, you get this pressure for increased short-term, quick-fix kind of solutions. People want folks out of sight, out of mind.’[/pullquote]\u003c/span>Building more temporary shelters, then, is a pathway to gain the legal go-ahead to conduct more encampment sweeps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while California is home to 30% of the U.S. unhoused population, the shift in funding allocation to favor temporary shelter is a national one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Tars, legal director of the National Homelessness Law Center, said in addition to the push being seen in Democratic California cities, many red states are contemplating the adoption of model legislation to put more funding toward short-term housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have that increased street homelessness, in particular, you get this pressure for increased short-term, quick-fix kind of solutions. People want folks out of sight, out of mind. And so our elected officials are under pressure to kind of get those quick results,” Tars said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he doesn’t think shelters are unnecessary — far from it — he does think the budget reallocations are shortsighted, and will actually increase homelessness rates in the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Budget challenges ahead sharpen the debate\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Advocates involved in homelessness policy expect the tug-of-war between permanent and temporary housing to intensify — infusing future debates over shrinking local budgets and any attempts to bolster city coffers with new tax or bond money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, long-term budget projections are far from rosy. The Mayor’s Office confirmed its budget proposal still has structural deficits that will remain in future years and has large amounts of deficits plugged by one-time funding sources. The San Francisco Board of Supervisors is expected to debate the budget with the mayor throughout June and put forward a compromise budget proposal by July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11953073\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11953073\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61499_IMG_4613-qut.jpg\" alt='A man with a beard wearing a suit and tie stands behind a podium labeled, \"San José Capital of Silicon Valley.\" He is surrounded by people holding various signs. Some read, \"Protect our Democracy.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1182\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61499_IMG_4613-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61499_IMG_4613-qut-800x493.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61499_IMG_4613-qut-1020x628.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61499_IMG_4613-qut-160x99.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61499_IMG_4613-qut-1536x946.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San José Mayor Matt Mahan said that conversations with fellow mayors have led him to believe a broader ‘rebalancing’ of homelessness spending priorities is underway. ‘I believe this is a trend across the state,’ he said. ‘I suspect that we will see federal, state and county sources shift toward the solutions that are faster and more cost-effective and help us scale solutions.’ \u003ccite>(Guy Marzorati/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The debate over homelessness spending in San José hinged on money created by Measure E, a voter-approved tax on expensive home sales in the city. Mahan proposed spending $40 million in Measure E funds on short-term solutions such as prefabricated homes and parking lots for RV dwellers. When that plan was voted down, he joined a council majority to support putting $29 million toward those interim programs — leaving the largest share of city homelessness dollars for permanent housing.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[aside label='More Stories on the Unhoused Community' tag='unhoused']\u003c/span>David Low, director of policy and communications for the nonprofit Destination: Home, said those funds are vital for the half-dozen permanent affordable housing projects awaiting Measure E funding next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have affordable housing projects ready to go, and without that funding, we will see further delays, increased costs, at a time we can afford neither, or the very serious risk that some of these projects will all fall apart together,” said Low, a former senior adviser to San José’s previous mayor, Sam Liccardo. “So it’s that real-world trade-off and that real-world opportunity we have to build more affordable housing that we don’t want to lose.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those trade-offs are likely to dominate future budget discussions across the region and state, particularly as cities grapple with diminished general fund resources, said Lane, with SPUR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The push and pull between permanent and temporary housing will animate discussions about state housing aid from the Legislature and Gov. Gavin Newsom. And the fight could be a key factor in determining the shape of a regional housing bond that could go before Bay Area voters next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To show that we actually have a way that we can move people from off the streets ultimately into permanent affordable housing … interim and mid-term types of solutions have to be a key part of that,” Lane said. “And I think that the voters will expect to see that as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tomiquia Moss, CEO of the nonprofit All Home, sees the injection of new revenue as an opportunity to break the growing homelessness policy binary. Her organization works with elected officials, businesses and nonprofits across the Bay Area to promote regional strategies to reduce homelessness. At the core is a belief in concurrent investments in both temporary and permanent housing, in addition to aid for renters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tax and bond measures are no easy lift, particularly across a nine-county region. But Moss, who previously worked for Mayors Ed Lee in San Francisco and Libby Schaaf in Oakland, said such an initiative could unlock that full portfolio of solutions — and unite the factions of homelessness spending around a single cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That, to me, is where you are growing the pie,” Moss added. “You are not robbing Peter to pay Paul. You are increasing resources for the entire region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"San José Mayor Matt Mahan and San Francisco’s London Breed are pushing to divert money from permanent affordable housing plans to temporary ones to aid the unhoused.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1687289449,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":45,"wordCount":2393},"headData":{"title":"SF, San José Mayors Push to Fund Shelters as Pressure Builds on Encampments | KQED","description":"San José Mayor Matt Mahan and San Francisco’s London Breed are pushing to divert money from permanent affordable housing plans to temporary ones to aid the unhoused.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11953006/sf-san-jose-mayors-push-to-fund-shelters-as-pressure-builds-on-encampments","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A growing number of California mayors are pushing for a realignment of homelessness spending \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11952913/san-jose-council-approves-modest-shift-toward-temporary-homeless-housing\">toward shelters and temporary housing\u003c/a> in the face of political pressure to clear encampments and deliver visible reductions of people experiencing homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that shift has a trade-off: In a world of limited and often dwindling local dollars, more money for short-term solutions means less funding for permanent housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This dynamic has led to pitched budget battles this month in the Bay Area’s two largest cities, with Mayors London Breed in San Francisco and Matt Mahan in San José pushing for more voter-approved homelessness dollars to go toward temporary housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayors are grappling with the legal reality that making housing available is a prerequisite for clearing tents — and they are bolstered by advancements in the quality of temporary shelters they can offer residents living on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We certainly need housing at all levels of affordability that will require public subsidy — not disagreeing with any of that,” said Mahan, who was dealt a setback this week \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11952913/san-jose-council-approves-modest-shift-toward-temporary-homeless-housing\">when his homelessness spending plan was voted down\u003c/a> by the city council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The goal is to shift it towards what the needs are. And so that includes housing, it includes shelter because we need to immediately get people into a place to help decide where they belong.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"San Francisco Mayor London Breed","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But as long as we have thousands of people living and literally dying on our streets, I think we have to lean into the faster-to-deploy, more cost-effective solutions for getting people into a safe, managed environment with the privacy and stability that they need to take advantage of supportive services,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pressures driving this pivot are familiar to mayors across the state and the nation. Thousands of unsheltered residents are suffering and dying on city sidewalks, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/homeless-populations-are-rising-around-california/\">homelessness in California has risen since the pandemic at a higher rate than elsewhere in the country\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Breed, the shift is a political response to worsening street conditions. In her budget reveal at the end of May, she proposed a controversial move to help fund temporary shelters for unhoused adults by reallocating funding meant to build housing for families and young adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal is to shift it towards what the needs are. And so that includes housing, it includes shelter because we need to immediately get people into a place to help decide where they belong,” Breed said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11953071\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11953071\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS52736_023_SanFrancisco_OmicronPressConference_12012021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman with brown hair and a light blue dress stands with her hands folded in front of her. She is looking toward the left. She is standing in front of San Francisco's City Hall building listening to a speech.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS52736_023_SanFrancisco_OmicronPressConference_12012021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS52736_023_SanFrancisco_OmicronPressConference_12012021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS52736_023_SanFrancisco_OmicronPressConference_12012021-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS52736_023_SanFrancisco_OmicronPressConference_12012021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS52736_023_SanFrancisco_OmicronPressConference_12012021-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mayor London Breed at San Francisco City Hall on Dec. 1, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, Mayor Karen Bass defeated a more pro-shelter opponent in last year’s mayoral election. But she has turned to temporary units and hotels as a way to ameliorate street homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sacramento, city officials are scrambling to implement a voter-approved measure requiring a certain level of shelter capacity. And hours after San José’s vote, the city council in San Diego approved \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/homelessness/story/2023-06-13/study-shows-san-diego-falls-far-short-of-shelter-beds-needed-to-house-homeless-people\">an encampment ban that will necessitate an expansion of shelter beds\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing interest in the quick-build, particularly, because I think to really address the dangerous encampments, to try to do it as quickly as possible, you need this kind of mid-term or interim approach,” said Michael Lane, state policy director at SPUR, a Bay Area think tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that’s why you’re seeing some of these fights at the local level, because that is a relatively new development over the past few years to really say, yes, we need all of this,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lane shares in the consensus that cities need investments in permanent as well as temporary housing. But debates in San José and San Francisco have centered on limited pools of tax dollars dedicated to reducing homelessness.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11952870","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/RS41773_007_KQED_HousingSanFrancisco_02102020_2898-qut-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>In that context, a dollar spent paying for an affordable apartment complex can’t be used for a shelter bed. And then, there’s the politics: Both Mahan and Breed are up for reelection next year and face “tremendous pressure” to ensure their city streets are clear of homelessness, Lane said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, Mahan’s homelessness spending plan ran into heavy opposition from members of the city council, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11952913/san-jose-council-approves-modest-shift-toward-temporary-homeless-housing\">instead opted to approve a more modest reallocation toward temporary beds\u003c/a>. Nevertheless, Mahan said that conversations with fellow mayors have led him to believe a broader “rebalancing” of homelessness spending priorities is underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe this is a trend across the state,” he said. “I suspect that we will see federal, state and county sources shift toward the solutions that are faster and more cost-effective and help us scale solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also informing the mayors’ moves: the changing nature of shelter beds and the length of time people can stay in them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José has opened six interim housing sites that bear little resemblance to traditional congregate shelters. Instead of a cot in a large room, residents of the city’s emergency interim housing units can stay for months — and sometimes longer — in a prefabricated apartment, often with a private bathroom and on-site supportive services. When Breed announced her homelessness funding plan in May, she did so at the site of a tiny-home village on Gough Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>San Francisco mayor looks to redirect money for youth\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, the permanent housing funds that Breed wants to tap come from a hard-fought pot of money intended for youth and families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2018 ballot measure known as Proposition C, the Our City, Our Home tax, got just under a two-thirds majority vote to pass, opening it up to legal challenge — even after the effort got major financial backing from Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff. The measure eventually won out, and it taxes businesses making more than $50 million to raise an expected $300 million annually, half of which was earmarked for permanent housing by voter mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing a $780 million budget shortfall over the next two years, however, Breed’s new budget proposes the city reallocate roughly $60 million of Proposition C funding over the next two years — money that was intended to build permanent homes for young people age 18–24 who are experiencing homelessness, or families with children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, that funding may pay for the expansion of hours at two city homeless shelters, add 350 slots for temporary rental assistance and 75 units of supportive housing for adults, maintain the operation of a program helping people who live in oversize RVs to repair their vehicles, and to help fund a Bayview small-cabin shelter site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sherilyn Adams, executive director of Larkin Street Youth Services, a service provider focused on unhoused youth, said the city already under-spends on young people as well as “transitional age youth,” who are between 18 and 25.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The reason there are people living outside is because we have insufficient housing stock for young people. That only gets worse if we don’t bring on any new interventions.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Sherilyn Adams, executive director, Larkin Street Youth Services","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>There were roughly 1,100 people under 25 years old living on San Francisco’s streets during the last point-in-time count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason there are people living outside is because we have insufficient housing stock for young people. That only gets worse if we don’t bring on any new interventions” like building more housing, Adams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101893348/s-f-mayor-london-breed-on-how-to-prevent-an-economic-doom-loop-and-her-new-budget\">KQED’s Forum in early June\u003c/a>, Breed defended her budget reallocation, saying there aren’t any sites in San Francisco that have been identified yet to build housing for transitional-age youth. But Adams said that’s an easily fixable problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not having a building identified for transition-aged youth, so that they could allocate or use the existing Prop. C funds, does not mean that there’s not young people sleeping outside. It means you didn’t find a building. Unallocated is not the same as unneeded,” Adams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Legal and national pressures on mayors \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Part of the push for California mayors to favor shelters over permanent housing is the result of legal constraints. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/23748522/tent-encampments-martin-boise-homelessness-housing\">2018 Martin v. City of Boise federal appeals court decision\u003c/a> bars locales from clearing out tent encampments if they don’t have enough shelter to offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco doesn’t have enough shelter placements for the number of people experiencing homelessness in the city, which in December prompted U.S. Magistrate Judge Donna M. Ryu to place an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11950967/advocates-for-unhoused-san-franciscans-say-encampment-sweeps-continue-despite-court-order-call-on-judge-to-rein-city-in\">injunction against encampment sweeps\u003c/a>.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘When you have that increased street homelessness, in particular, you get this pressure for increased short-term, quick-fix kind of solutions. People want folks out of sight, out of mind.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Eric Tars, legal director, National Homelessness Law Center","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>Building more temporary shelters, then, is a pathway to gain the legal go-ahead to conduct more encampment sweeps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while California is home to 30% of the U.S. unhoused population, the shift in funding allocation to favor temporary shelter is a national one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Tars, legal director of the National Homelessness Law Center, said in addition to the push being seen in Democratic California cities, many red states are contemplating the adoption of model legislation to put more funding toward short-term housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have that increased street homelessness, in particular, you get this pressure for increased short-term, quick-fix kind of solutions. People want folks out of sight, out of mind. And so our elected officials are under pressure to kind of get those quick results,” Tars said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he doesn’t think shelters are unnecessary — far from it — he does think the budget reallocations are shortsighted, and will actually increase homelessness rates in the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Budget challenges ahead sharpen the debate\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Advocates involved in homelessness policy expect the tug-of-war between permanent and temporary housing to intensify — infusing future debates over shrinking local budgets and any attempts to bolster city coffers with new tax or bond money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, long-term budget projections are far from rosy. The Mayor’s Office confirmed its budget proposal still has structural deficits that will remain in future years and has large amounts of deficits plugged by one-time funding sources. The San Francisco Board of Supervisors is expected to debate the budget with the mayor throughout June and put forward a compromise budget proposal by July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11953073\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11953073\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61499_IMG_4613-qut.jpg\" alt='A man with a beard wearing a suit and tie stands behind a podium labeled, \"San José Capital of Silicon Valley.\" He is surrounded by people holding various signs. Some read, \"Protect our Democracy.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1182\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61499_IMG_4613-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61499_IMG_4613-qut-800x493.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61499_IMG_4613-qut-1020x628.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61499_IMG_4613-qut-160x99.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61499_IMG_4613-qut-1536x946.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San José Mayor Matt Mahan said that conversations with fellow mayors have led him to believe a broader ‘rebalancing’ of homelessness spending priorities is underway. ‘I believe this is a trend across the state,’ he said. ‘I suspect that we will see federal, state and county sources shift toward the solutions that are faster and more cost-effective and help us scale solutions.’ \u003ccite>(Guy Marzorati/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The debate over homelessness spending in San José hinged on money created by Measure E, a voter-approved tax on expensive home sales in the city. Mahan proposed spending $40 million in Measure E funds on short-term solutions such as prefabricated homes and parking lots for RV dwellers. When that plan was voted down, he joined a council majority to support putting $29 million toward those interim programs — leaving the largest share of city homelessness dollars for permanent housing.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Stories on the Unhoused Community ","tag":"unhoused"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>David Low, director of policy and communications for the nonprofit Destination: Home, said those funds are vital for the half-dozen permanent affordable housing projects awaiting Measure E funding next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have affordable housing projects ready to go, and without that funding, we will see further delays, increased costs, at a time we can afford neither, or the very serious risk that some of these projects will all fall apart together,” said Low, a former senior adviser to San José’s previous mayor, Sam Liccardo. “So it’s that real-world trade-off and that real-world opportunity we have to build more affordable housing that we don’t want to lose.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those trade-offs are likely to dominate future budget discussions across the region and state, particularly as cities grapple with diminished general fund resources, said Lane, with SPUR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The push and pull between permanent and temporary housing will animate discussions about state housing aid from the Legislature and Gov. Gavin Newsom. And the fight could be a key factor in determining the shape of a regional housing bond that could go before Bay Area voters next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To show that we actually have a way that we can move people from off the streets ultimately into permanent affordable housing … interim and mid-term types of solutions have to be a key part of that,” Lane said. “And I think that the voters will expect to see that as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tomiquia Moss, CEO of the nonprofit All Home, sees the injection of new revenue as an opportunity to break the growing homelessness policy binary. Her organization works with elected officials, businesses and nonprofits across the Bay Area to promote regional strategies to reduce homelessness. At the core is a belief in concurrent investments in both temporary and permanent housing, in addition to aid for renters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tax and bond measures are no easy lift, particularly across a nine-county region. But Moss, who previously worked for Mayors Ed Lee in San Francisco and Libby Schaaf in Oakland, said such an initiative could unlock that full portfolio of solutions — and unite the factions of homelessness spending around a single cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That, to me, is where you are growing the pie,” Moss added. “You are not robbing Peter to pay Paul. You are increasing resources for the entire region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11953006/sf-san-jose-mayors-push-to-fund-shelters-as-pressure-builds-on-encampments","authors":["227","11690"],"categories":["news_6266","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_18538","news_16","news_21214","news_30728","news_5259","news_20225","news_4020","news_32023","news_32277","news_6931","news_31197","news_17968","news_38","news_26292","news_18541","news_32493","news_20037","news_29607","news_30602"],"featImg":"news_11953070","label":"news"},"news_11949327":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11949327","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11949327","score":null,"sort":[1684328427000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-end-of-wood-street-inside-the-struggle-for-stability-housing-on-the-margins-of-the-bay-area","title":"The End of Wood Street: Inside the Struggle for Stability, Housing on the Margins of the Bay Area","publishDate":1684328427,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The End of Wood Street: Inside the Struggle for Stability, Housing on the Margins of the Bay Area | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The area had long been a forgotten place. That’s what Jessica Huffman found most appealing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was around 2019, and she had just been evicted from an encampment near Oakland’s Fruitvale neighborhood. Huffman needed a place to go where she could be invisible. She found it, near \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11945984/oakland-begins-evicting-unhoused-residents-at-wood-street-commons\">Wood and 34th streets\u003c/a>, under a tangle of freeway overpasses on the city’s western fringe. A locus of industry and transportation arteries, of waste-recycling centers and logistics, the area had also been, for decades, a release valve for the region’s marginally housed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jessica Huffman, former Wood Street resident\"]‘It was a place where they could just kind of brush us under the rug.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, scattered stands of cattails and a small grove of eucalyptus trees punctuated the vast patch of dirt where Huffman parked her trailer. There were a few people there, tucked back from the street. More importantly, she said, it’s where police officers told her she could go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was nobody around,” Huffman said. “It was a place where they could just kind of brush us under the rug.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next three years, some 300 people moved into a roughly mile-long swath of land under Huffman’s freeway overpass. And the settlement — known simply as Wood Street, for the road running parallel to it — exploded into Northern California’s largest community of unhoused people. Its growth became a symbol of a housing market gone awry, as a yawning affordability gap left many seeking refuge in neglected corners of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities knew about the Wood Street settlement for years, and arguably aided in fueling its expansion. But once it came time to close the site down, they were remarkably short on solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As homelessness in California reaches new peaks — \u003ca href=\"https://files.hudexchange.info/reports/published/CoC_PopSub_State_CA_2022.pdf\">more than 171,000 people, according to the most recent count (PDF)\u003c/a> — what happened at Wood Street offers a compelling window into why the state’s approach to clearing homeless encampments so often fails to get people housed and what these communities can offer residents, however imperfectly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Jessica\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Huffman’s spot was near the settlement’s northern edge, which ended in a triangle above 34th Street, where the land narrows between train tracks and warehouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heading south, a dirt access road served as the community’s main artery. On either side, clusters of RVs, trailers and makeshift dwellings lined the road. Inoperable cars and fields of debris, often dumped there illegally, checkered the spaces in between.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949351\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57509_006_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949351 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57509_006_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman sits on the stoop of her trailer. A pile of her belongings are stacked to the left of her. A blue jacket hangs on a hook on the door. She is looking off to the left.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57509_006_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57509_006_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57509_006_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57509_006_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57509_006_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica Huffman sits in her RV, which was damaged during a fire at the Wood Street encampment, in Oakland on July 28, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Exhaust from the overpass mixed with dust to form a haze that turned the air harsh and acrid. On hot days, trash ripened in the sun, the odor wafting through the camp. There was no running water, and no electricity, except what residents could siphon from electrical panels under the freeway or generate through solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t come here because we wanted to be here,” Huffman said. “We came here because we were pushed here, and there’s nowhere else we can be. So, we made it the best we could.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman’s blond hair, streaked with pink, was often swept into a loose ponytail, accentuating her angular face and wiry frame. She, like many in the settlement, formed her trailer into a compound with a half dozen other people for both camaraderie and protection. Wood Street, Huffman said, could be a fractious place — the big group was actually made of smaller groups. Theft was common. Some people made their money illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949350\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949350 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view of a homeless encampment with trailers, tents and people's belongings scattered about underneath a freeway overpass.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica Huffman’s compound seen from above after damage from a nearby fire, at the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on Sept. 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Huffman didn’t care how people survived. “Just don’t steal my [stuff] or you’ll cause a consequence,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her compound was ensconced in an 11-foot-high fence, held in place with metal wire. The half dozen trailers encircled an outdoor living room and kitchen, complete with an electric stove.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jessica Huffman, former Wood Street resident\"]‘If you don’t have an address, you don’t have a job. You don’t have a job, you don’t have an address. And then, you can’t save up money because you got to live every day spending it.’[/pullquote]One day, someone dumped a truckload of bricks in the middle of a street near the settlement. Huffman loaded them onto the back of her truck, brought them to her camp and cemented them into a chunky, V-shaped patio. “It’s got a custom pattern, way original work,” she said, with a wink. “We did a damn good job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Wood Street, Huffman was able to settle. It was a welcome respite after years of moving her trailer every three days from one residential street to another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homelessness, she said, can be a vicious cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t have an address, you don’t have a job. You don’t have a job, you don’t have an address,” she said. “And then, you can’t save up money because you got to live every day spending it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949600\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6257.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949600 size-full\" style=\"font-weight: bold;background-color: transparent;color: #767676\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6257.jpg\" alt=\"Four people sit at a picnic bench talking to one another. A small cooler sits on top of the table along with a gray basket. Tiny homes are pictured in the background that sit under a freeway overpass.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6257.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6257-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6257-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6257-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6257-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jared DeFigh (center right) takes a break from dismantling community structure Cob on Wood on Oct. 13, 2022. Nonprofits helped residents build Cob on Wood in early 2021. The buildings housed a free store, a medical supply shed, a bathroom and a shower. There was also a community garden and shared kitchen at the site. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Knowing nobody was coming to kick her out meant Huffman could get other needs met — laundry, food, finding a place to shower — and even land a job. She worked graveyards packing produce boxes and meal kits at Good Eggs’ distribution warehouse near Wood Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949690\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949690\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A colorful illustration of a map of the Wood Street encampment located in West Oakland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1097\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-scaled.jpg 1867w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-800x1097.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-1020x1399.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-160x219.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-1120x1536.jpg 1120w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-1493x2048.jpg 1493w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-1920x2633.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sketch of the Wood Street settlement, as of July 2022. Places and borders are approximate. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Anna Vignet/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That was such a big, important thing. And there is no way I could have pulled it off otherwise,” Huffman said. “You can’t be moving around every three days like they want you to do and be dependable anywhere else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stability also enabled residents to develop shared resources in the form of two community centers within the camp: Cob on Wood, and the Commons. The centers helped smooth divisions within the camp, allowing residents at Wood Street to cohere into something more like one community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of nonprofits and volunteers in early 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/04/30/homeless-oaklanders-bring-hot-showers-medical-care-and-a-pizza-oven-to-their-encampment/\">helped residents build Cob on Wood\u003c/a> near the middle of the settlement, turning it into a surprising and incongruous oasis. Structures made of mud and recycled materials — which residents jokingly referred to as “hobbit houses” — surrounded a community garden and an outdoor kitchen. Residents used the homespun buildings to house a free store, a medical supply shed, a bathroom and a shower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Xochitl Bernadette Moreno, co-founder of Essential Food and Medicine, helped mastermind the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Cob on Wood] was birthed from the visions of the residents here around how to meet some of the basic needs that people who are unhoused have in this community,” Moreno said. “Places like Wood Street, and these types of communities that are built from the rubble of society, are really important for unhoused people to create systems of safety, systems of community, because state solutions aren’t providing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949604\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/016_KQED_WoodStreetEncampmentOakland_07192022-1.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949604 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/016_KQED_WoodStreetEncampmentOakland_07192022-1.jpg\" alt='A woman in a pink T-shirt with blonde hair pulls weeds from a planter box that holds a sprouting garden. Little orange flowers are blossoming. A nearby white board reads, \"Today Meeting.\" A trailer is seen to the left in the background.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/016_KQED_WoodStreetEncampmentOakland_07192022-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/016_KQED_WoodStreetEncampmentOakland_07192022-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/016_KQED_WoodStreetEncampmentOakland_07192022-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/016_KQED_WoodStreetEncampmentOakland_07192022-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/016_KQED_WoodStreetEncampmentOakland_07192022-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sasha Huckaby, 28, pulls weeds from a garden at the Wood Street encampment in West Oakland on Tuesday, July 19, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Huffman had been unhoused, on and off, for the better part of her 43 years. She said she left her small, Texas hometown as an adolescent, hitchhiking her way across the country. At 17, she stopped in San Francisco, captivated by the city’s Victorian houses and rolling hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not like that where I’m from, which is like flatland boring,” she said, recalling the awe of her first impressions. “It’s beautiful out here.”[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Xochitl Bernadette Moreno, co-founder, Essential Food and Medicine\"]‘Places like Wood Street, and these types of communities that are built from the rubble of society, are really important for unhoused people to create systems of safety, systems of community, because state solutions aren’t providing that.’[/pullquote]In San Francisco, Huffman hung out on Haight Street with other people her age and began experimenting with psychedelics and, later, crack cocaine and speed. Over the next two decades, she had periods of relative stability — a job, housing, sobriety — that would be shattered by a more damaging addiction: abusive partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I decided that the last time my ex was going to whoop my [butt] was the last time,” she said of her most recent bout with homelessness. “I would rather be safe than dealing with that [stuff].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After more than three years at Wood Street, she finally had enough money to move — if only a landlord would accept her spotty rental history and lack of a credit score.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m just not very well qualified,” she lamented. “I don’t have bad credit. I just have no credit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman wasn’t looking for anything fancy: a house with a yard. Somewhere close to work. Working plumbing. Electricity. “Not much,” she said. “Probably normal to everybody else. For me, it’d be a dream come true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, on July 11, 2022, a fire changed everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was around 10 a.m. Huffman saw several police cars in the area and went to ask them why they were there (officials said later they were looking for stolen and abandoned cars). Before she could get an answer, smoke began rising near the train trestle, swirling into a thick, black column. It was coming from her compound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949349\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57510_004_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949349 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57510_004_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Charred cars, metal, belongings and debris are scattered throughout an open field.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57510_004_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57510_004_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57510_004_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57510_004_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57510_004_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charred remnants of residents’ belongings fill areas of the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on July 28, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She ran back. Officers swarmed around her, she said: “They were just ushering us out. Like, go, go, go, go, go!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Huffman saw that faces were missing from her crew. One — a woman named DeeDee — had a tent under the wooden train trestle, which was engulfed in flames. She pleaded with the officers to let her go there. They refused. Another friend began shouting in their faces, causing enough of a distraction for Huffman to slip past the officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She found DeeDee still asleep in her tent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fire was touching her face,” Huffman shuddered. “She would have burned — not even smoke inhalation — she would have burned to death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949410\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57515_008_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949410 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57515_008_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman with a gray and black sweater and a blonde ponytail points to damage done to her trailer. It's covered in soot and grime from a previous fire.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57515_008_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57515_008_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57515_008_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57515_008_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57515_008_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica points to damage to her RV from a fire at the Wood Street encampment, in Oakland on July 28, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her voice cracked remembering the moment. “That could have been any one of us,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman’s truck burned, and the side of her trailer melted from the heat. Her bed momentarily caught on fire, but firefighters doused the flames before the fire could spread further. Others weren’t as lucky. Her partner, Matthew Schatzinger, lost the mini school bus he lived in. Another one of their compound members, Shaun Ryan, watched his trailer and all his belongings turn to ash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials later said five RVs burned in the two-alarm blaze. The cause of the fire was undetermined, but a spokesperson for the fire department said it started in an RV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949412\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57514_010_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949412 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57514_010_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup shot of a man's hands covered in black soot from a previous fire.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57514_010_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57514_010_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57514_010_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57514_010_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57514_010_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matthew Schatzinger shows soot on his hands from sorting through his belongings that burned during a fire at the Wood Street encampment, in Oakland on July 28, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Inside Huffman’s compound, soot blackened every surface. The only remnants of the outdoor living room and kitchen were charred wood and twisted metal.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jessica Huffman, former Wood Street resident\"]‘I can’t crawl out of poverty if they make me have to constantly put my job and my income and my everything on emergency hold. It’s like they just want us to die or something.’[/pullquote]Then, less than a week later, Caltrans posted five-day eviction notices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Huffman, it felt like a cruel joke. Bits of soot and ash were still raining over the camp, sticking to Huffman’s skin and collecting in the crevices of her face, neck and hands. The sickly smell of burned plastics hung heavy in the air. She hadn’t had time yet to take stock of her losses. Now, she’d lose everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questions raced through her mind: Where would she move now? How would she get there? What could she take with her? And, perhaps most importantly, how could she do all that and still make it to work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t crawl out of poverty if they make me have to constantly put my job and my income and my everything on emergency hold,” she said, bitterly. “It’s like they just want us to die or something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>John\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When Caltrans issued the eviction notices, John Janosko sprang into action. Tall, with short dreadlocks and an effusive smile, Janosko could be mistaken for the mayor of Wood Street — or, at least, president of its improvement association, if such a thing existed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His trailer sat at the entrance to the Commons. He had built out the space into a maze of rooms made from plywood and other materials. Beyond it, he arranged couches and outdoor furniture into an open-air living room that doubled as a community meeting space with a communal kitchen tucked into one corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949603\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/007_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_3463-1020x765-1.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949603 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/007_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_3463-1020x765-1.jpg\" alt=\"A man in a white, hooded sweatshirt and long, brown braids sits on a sofa outdoors listening to someone speak off camera.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/007_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_3463-1020x765-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/007_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_3463-1020x765-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/007_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_3463-1020x765-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/007_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_3463-1020x765-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/007_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_3463-1020x765-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Janosko speaks with other members of the Wood Street Commons before a meeting with the city of Oakland and its nonprofit contractor, Building Opportunities for Self-Sufficiency (BOSS), on Nov. 30, 2022. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You know how you have that family member where you always go to Thanksgiving or you always spend Christmas?” Janosko said. “So, that would be me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the previous three years, the Commons had served as the main gateway into the larger Wood Street settlement, which was mostly tucked back from the street. Across from Raimondi Park, where kids played football and soccer, the Commons was the most visible part of the settlement, and the most accessible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Established nonprofits like LifeLong Medical Care and Operation Dignity routinely came by to provide health care and shower services for Wood Street residents, and volunteer advocates offered rides to medical appointments or help with paperwork to get into housing. Church groups and other organizations stopped by almost daily with boxes of food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949341\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62090_006_KQED_WoodStreetHolidayParty_12172022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949341 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62090_006_KQED_WoodStreetHolidayParty_12172022-qut.jpg\" alt='A man and a woman hold a conversation at a holiday party. Behind them, a wall with many posters tacked to it. One poster reads, \"Encampment evictions = state violence.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62090_006_KQED_WoodStreetHolidayParty_12172022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62090_006_KQED_WoodStreetHolidayParty_12172022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62090_006_KQED_WoodStreetHolidayParty_12172022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62090_006_KQED_WoodStreetHolidayParty_12172022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62090_006_KQED_WoodStreetHolidayParty_12172022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Janosko makes cocktails at the Wood Street Commons for attendees at a holiday celebration at the encampment in Oakland on Dec. 17, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Janosko had worked hard to make the Commons homey. Succulent-filled planters dotted the space. Pop-up canopies shaded a few of the outdoor seating areas. A changing rotation of art decorated the walkways.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"John Janosko, former Wood Street resident\"]‘All this stuff, these resources, these connections, these people, this caring, this love — that took time. It takes time to be able to get to a point where you’re able to take care of yourself and also help take care of your community.’[/pullquote]“All this stuff, these resources, these connections, these people, this caring, this love — that took time,” Janosko said. “It takes time to be able to get to a point where you’re able to take care of yourself and also help take care of your community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was frustrated that certain issues — like trash — persisted, despite offers to the city to pay for dumpsters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The designated dumping spot is on the street, where everybody can see it,” Janosko said. “So, that looks bad, when the city should have just put out dumpsters, and that would make it look a lot better, and there wouldn’t be all this trash flying around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In posting the eviction notices, Caltrans — which owns the bulk of the land the Wood Street settlement occupied — said Wood Street had become too dangerous, with more than 200 fires reported in the span of 2 1/2 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949348\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58415_018_KQED_WoodStreet_09022022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949348 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58415_018_KQED_WoodStreet_09022022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A white page with burned edges shows a charcoal drawing of Victorian facades, and sits among brown, shaded debris.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58415_018_KQED_WoodStreet_09022022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58415_018_KQED_WoodStreet_09022022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58415_018_KQED_WoodStreet_09022022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58415_018_KQED_WoodStreet_09022022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58415_018_KQED_WoodStreet_09022022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A burned drawing of Victorian houses lies amid the remnants of a fire at the Wood Street encampment, in Oakland on Sept. 2, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Michael Hunt, spokesperson for the Oakland Fire Department, said investigators typically did not look into the causes of these fires, which some residents suspected were arson, because highly flammable siding on RVs and trailers, combined with propane tanks, lighters and other combustible objects, often obscured where fires started or how they spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neighboring residents cited ongoing complaints of crime and blight. Stephen Denlis, CEO of Mean Machine, a nearby fabrication business, said employees’ cars were routinely vandalized, making it hard for him to hire and retain staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is impossible to hire when you are in the middle of a homeless encampment,” he said, adding that over the past 15 years, his workforce had dwindled from 15 employees to four. “I pay $100 a month for rat abatement, close my doors due to tire fires, and added fencing and screening out front. … The way it is now is scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denlis watched the community of unhoused people at Wood Street ebb and flow over the years. But around 2019, city workers painted a long white line on the street and set up concrete dividers, separating people’s four-wheeled homes from traffic — an action that, to Larry Coke and other unhoused people living there, seemed to sanction the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coke had been living at Raimondi Park, near 18th and Wood streets, in a tent, and later a trailer, since 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949491\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/088_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949491 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/088_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022.jpg\" alt='A small, tan shack under the freeway with a garden in front of it and a rainbow sign above a wooden archway is hand painted and reads, \"Cob on Wood.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/088_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/088_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/088_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/088_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/088_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cob on Wood in Oakland on Sept. 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The city moved us over here right in front of the soccer field,” he recalled. Across from the park was a vacant lot. “We came across the street. And that’s how it started. That’s how people started coming over here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kp_yDu2nqSA\">In an interview at the time\u003c/a> with KPIX, then-Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf defended the city’s actions, saying, “We don’t have a permanent place for that encampment yet, so you will see us use interim measures because we don’t have enough [shelter] beds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Schaaf also made it clear the encampment wasn’t, officially speaking, “sanctioned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From my experience, we have tried it, and it has failed,” Schaaf said of other sanctioned encampments in the city. “All of them have ended in fires, in really dangerous and unhealthy conditions that I believe are not healthy for the unhoused residents, let alone the surrounding community.”[aside label='More Stories on Wood Street' tag='wood-street']Given all that, for Janosko and other residents, it was clear the city and Caltrans both had known about the settlement for years. What was the rush to evict everyone now? And besides, where was everyone supposed to go?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He worked with another camp resident, Jaz Colibri, and a nonprofit law group to file for a temporary restraining order in federal court to stop the evictions. The suit argued the five-day notices would cause immediate and irreparable harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janosko hoped to buy his unhoused neighbors some time, and force the city to offer more in the way of solutions than to simply scatter. The strategy worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the first hearing, District Judge William Orrick asked the attorneys for the government agencies involved — Caltrans, the city of Oakland and Alameda County — what kind of shelter was being offered to residents. They all pointed fingers at each other, admitting there was no plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I understand that everybody wants to wash their hands of this particular problem, and that’s not going to happen,” Orrick said, ordering the agencies to come back in a month with answers to where people could go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949500\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58520_063_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949500 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58520_063_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Men in orange and yellow work clothes and white hardhats clear a homeless encampment using large machinery. A white pickup truck is seen being hoisted into the air and hauled off.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58520_063_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58520_063_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58520_063_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58520_063_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58520_063_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Caltrans workers remove vehicles and clear people’s belongings from the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on Sept. 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But this reprieve was only temporary. Caltrans had been on a tear in the year leading up to the eviction notices at Wood Street, clearing 1,237 encampments in fiscal year 2022, according to William Arnold, spokesperson for the agency. In the months since, Caltrans has ramped up its efforts, clearing 1,534 encampments between July 1, 2022, and April 14, 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ensuring displaced residents have viable housing options is not part of Caltrans’ mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Under state law, providing shelter and housing assistance to homeless individuals — including those residing on a state right-of-way within a city’s or county’s boundaries — is the responsibility of local government,” Arnold said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans will notify local social services providers and request outreach be done at least two weeks prior to an eviction, he said. And, it posts notices at the site “at least 48 hours in advance.”[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"William Arnold, spokesperson, Caltrans\"]‘Under state law, providing shelter and housing assistance to homeless individuals — including those residing on a state right-of-way within a city’s or county’s boundaries — is the responsibility of local government.’[/pullquote]But finding enough shelter for people displaced through these evictions can be challenging. In 2022, \u003ca href=\"https://files.hudexchange.info/reports/published/CoC_HIC_State_CA_2022.pdf\">California had around 68,600 emergency or transitional shelter beds across the state and nearly 115,500 people living in tents, RVs and cars (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Wood Street residents, this shortage meant that despite a federal court order mandating a plan for housing, the best that Oakland and Alameda County could offer was beds for about half of the soon-to-be-displaced residents. At the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11923663/caltrans-ok-to-clear-oaklands-largest-homeless-encampment-federal-judge-rules\">next hearing\u003c/a>, Orrick said that was adequate. The law was on Caltrans’ side. “There is no constitutional right to housing,” Orrick said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janosko was crushed. He knew outsiders saw only the maze of rundown trailers, the makeshift hovels scrapped together with plywood and tarp, the trash. He wished someone with power could also see what he saw: a community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People, they look at the wrong things,” he said, turning his face skyward. “Even though it’s a situation that’s maybe not ideal to most people, there’s a lot of things that bring up good emotions inside of you that make you feel good still. It’s not all about being sad and stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949605\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/006_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_RS62562_IMG_4157-qut-1020x765-1.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949605 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/006_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_RS62562_IMG_4157-qut-1020x765-1.jpg\" alt=\"A woman in a black beanie and jacket hugs a man who is crying wearing a gray, hooded sweatshirt.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/006_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_RS62562_IMG_4157-qut-1020x765-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/006_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_RS62562_IMG_4157-qut-1020x765-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/006_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_RS62562_IMG_4157-qut-1020x765-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/006_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_RS62562_IMG_4157-qut-1020x765-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/006_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_RS62562_IMG_4157-qut-1020x765-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Xochitl Bernadette Moreno hugs John Janosko at the Wood Street Commons on Friday, Feb. 2, 2023, after a federal district judge said he would allow the city of Oakland to begin evicting residents at the Commons. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 8, 2022, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11925169/residents-activists-decry-evictions-at-oaklands-largest-homeless-encampment\">the evictions began\u003c/a>. Caltrans crews showed up in force. Dozens of California Highway Patrol officers spread out in a line to separate residents from workers, clearing roughly three-quarters of the settlement. Arnold said the agency ultimately spent $2.1 million removing 800 vehicles and enough debris to fill 200 dumpsters. It spent another $5.5 million installing a concrete barrier and a fence to deter people from reentering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Janosko, all that money added up to just one thing: “A whole bunch of people just got all their worldly belongings thrown into a dumpster and grinded away. They got pushed out to another location. They’re scared and alone and by themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By mid-October, when Caltrans had finished its work at Wood Street, city officials said roughly half the settlement, or 95 people, had accepted offers of shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the remaining 110 people, some moved to the Commons. That part of the settlement was spared because it sat on city-owned land — and the city had its own plans for that lot. Others simply spread into the surrounding neighborhood.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"John Janosko, former Wood Street resident\"]‘A whole bunch of people just got all their worldly belongings thrown into a dumpster and grinded away. They got pushed out to another location. They’re scared and alone and by themselves.’[/pullquote]“Everyone is just sort of scattered,” Janosko said. “If you go up and down some of these side streets, you’ll notice that there’s a few more RVs parked on just regular residential streets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her part, Huffman moved about a dozen blocks south, to another vacant lot in West Oakland. Many from her compound followed, along with other displaced Wood Street residents. But just as the owner of that lot was gearing up to kick them out, Huffman caught a break. A long-time friend with a house in East Oakland allowed her to move in. It wasn’t close to her job, but it had a yard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949607\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/003_KQED_ErinBaldassari_JessicaHuffman_112022.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949607 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/003_KQED_ErinBaldassari_JessicaHuffman_112022.jpg\" alt=\"A woman with shoulder-length blonde hair is wearing a gray, hooded sweatshirt and is standing inside in front of a kitchen sink filled with dishes. She's smiling. A kitchen window is behind her letting in sunlight.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/003_KQED_ErinBaldassari_JessicaHuffman_112022.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/003_KQED_ErinBaldassari_JessicaHuffman_112022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/003_KQED_ErinBaldassari_JessicaHuffman_112022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/003_KQED_ErinBaldassari_JessicaHuffman_112022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/003_KQED_ErinBaldassari_JessicaHuffman_112022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica Huffman poses for a photo inside her home in East Oakland, where she recently began renting a room, on Nov. 16, 2022. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I got lucky,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though she had left Wood Street, she still returned to the area to visit her friends who remained in trailers nearby. Without them, she said, she never would have made it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949346\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62128_019_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949346 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62128_019_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup shot of a dirt field with red bricks from a former patio pictured. Everything is burned.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62128_019_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62128_019_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62128_019_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62128_019_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62128_019_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The remains of Jessica Huffman’s brick patio at the site of the Wood Street encampment where Huffman and other residents once lived, in Oakland on Dec. 16, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“‘Cause, if I didn’t have something to eat, my neighbor was going to share a sandwich with me. And that was the case every day,” Huffman said. “Nobody can survive without everybody else there. We can’t live without each other, you know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans returned the land where the Wood Street settlement had stood back to bare earth, as empty and open as when Huffman had moved there. Only her brick patio remained.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Ramona\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After getting evicted from her spot under the freeway at Wood Street in September 2022, Ramona Choyce moved three times in three months, ultimately ending up about six blocks south, next door to the Commons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guarded by nature, Choyce, 46, has an assertive demeanor that belies her 4-foot-11-inch frame. She works as a scrapper — making money by turning in used metal to be recycled — a trade her father and grandmother practiced before her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949388\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2003px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreetErinBaldassari_IMG_3971.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949388 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreetErinBaldassari_IMG_3971.jpg\" alt=\"A woman holds a broom and looks at the camera as she tries to push away pools of water from her trailer. The sun is going down.\" width=\"2003\" height=\"1431\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreetErinBaldassari_IMG_3971.jpg 2003w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreetErinBaldassari_IMG_3971-800x572.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreetErinBaldassari_IMG_3971-1020x729.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreetErinBaldassari_IMG_3971-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreetErinBaldassari_IMG_3971-1536x1097.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreetErinBaldassari_IMG_3971-1920x1372.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2003px) 100vw, 2003px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ramona Choyce rakes debris from water that flooded the area around her trailer, on Jan. 9, 2023. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s in the family,” she joked on a recycling run one day, driving her beat-up, sky-blue Isuzu pickup truck from the 1980s. “I guess I need to open up my own business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the move from Caltrans’ land had made it hard for Choyce to keep working. She had taken what she could fit in her trailer or carry in her pickup, but had to leave behind a lot of gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I done lost a lot. A lot,” she said. “I can’t even work on stuff that I need to work on because I really don’t have the tools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667321522000269\">Studies\u003c/a> show that encampment sweeps, like the one Caltrans performed at Wood Street, \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11606-022-07471-y.pdf\">lead to worse mental and physical health for residents (PDF)\u003c/a>, undermine trust in service providers, and push residents into more dangerous environments, among \u003ca href=\"https://nhchc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/NHCHC-encampment-sweeps-issue-brief-12-22.pdf\">other outcomes (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949338\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS61892_008_KQED_WoodStreetFlooding_01052023-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949338 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS61892_008_KQED_WoodStreetFlooding_01052023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"An outdoor shot of an unhoused person's encampment site. A white trailer is covered in brown tarps as pools of water start to form in front of the place. Piles of abandoned tires are in the background amid a gray sky.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS61892_008_KQED_WoodStreetFlooding_01052023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS61892_008_KQED_WoodStreetFlooding_01052023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS61892_008_KQED_WoodStreetFlooding_01052023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS61892_008_KQED_WoodStreetFlooding_01052023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS61892_008_KQED_WoodStreetFlooding_01052023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An RV sits in water on Wood Street in Oakland on Jan. 5, 2023, after storms contributed to flooding in the area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In her new spot, Choyce was right on the street, exposed to passersby in a way she hadn’t been when she had been tucked under the overpass, “Now, I’m in front, open,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On several occasions, people broke into Choyce’s trailer. Then, when the rains came in November, water pooled in a sometimes knee-deep moat that was often filled with trash and other debris, despite her constantly raking it clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the time that I moved over here, it’s been water,” Choyce said. “Caltrans done threw away all my weather gear. … So, I’m getting wet, and it feel like I’m getting sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949610\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_4345-1020x765-1.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949610 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_4345-1020x765-1.jpg\" alt='A brown tarp hangs over a trailer with spraypainted letters in yellow reading, \"Leave us alone in the name of Jesus.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_4345-1020x765-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_4345-1020x765-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_4345-1020x765-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_4345-1020x765-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_4345-1020x765-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The outside of Ramona Choyce’s trailer on Jan. 9, 2023. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her trailer now butted against the fence surrounding \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11910890/how-oaklands-16th-street-train-station-helped-build-west-oakland-and-the-modern-civil-rights-movement\">Southern Pacific’s abandoned 16th Street train station\u003c/a>, not far from where she had grown up as a kid. When she was younger, Choyce sometimes wandered down 16th Street to stare up at the tiled, beaux-arts-style building, with its vaulted ceiling and ornate interior, before the station stopped serving passengers in 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We used to walk all the way up here,” she said. “But never got on the train.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the street, a gleaming white-and-gray apartment complex was under construction — the last of some 1,500 new homes, mostly market rate, built as part of \u003ca href=\"https://oakland.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=742328&GUID=6BB49C5D-30C9-4253-85B8-6E66E8499C3A&Options=&Search=\">a redevelopment plan Oakland officials approved in 2005\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Silicon Valley’s tech industry was rebounding from the dot-com bust and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Housing-market-still-hot-2004-Bay-Area-median-2737351.php\">rent prices in the region were rising\u003c/a>. West Oakland, which had long experienced disinvestment, suddenly seemed like a promising bet for real estate developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slowly, the march of development moved its way northward, right to the Commons’ doorstep. And evidence of the \u003ca href=\"https://ccrl.stanford.edu/blog/oakland-series-4\">change in demographics\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/06/18/oakland-s-f-neighborhoods-fastest-gentrifying-in-u-s/\">income\u003c/a> was all around West Oakland in the form of new cafes, restaurants — even a doggie hotel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949497\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_3960.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949497 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_3960.jpg\" alt=\"A woman in a gray, hooded sweater is using a yellow push-broom to sweep away water on the side of the road.\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_3960.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_3960-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_3960-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_3960-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_3960-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_3960-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ramona Choyce sweeps large puddles away from her trailer on Jan. 9, 2023. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sorting aluminum from plastics into blue trash barrels, Choyce eyed a ginger-bearded man as he jogged past her trailer. She shook her head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These new people,” she said, emphasizing and repeating “\u003cem>these new people\u003c/em> that’s moving in, in our town, want to boot us out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She thought about how her mom worked under the table to feed her and her six siblings. Choyce now had six kids of her own, the two youngest of whom were living with their aunt. But despite all the “progress” in West Oakland, it had only become harder for Choyce to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m just imagining it’s going to be even worse for my kids,” she said. “A lot of stuff’s changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite her move from under the overpass to the street, she was buoyed by remaining close to the Commons, where she could still access food donations and Operation Dignity’s mobile shower van, and where she was surrounded by people she knew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her pickup truck stalled at an intersection one day, her neighbor Smiley helped her fix it. Another day, Patrick Barnes, a volunteer advocate, pulled up with trash cans full of metal that Choyce had collected from her time under the overpass. He had stored it for her during the evictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel bad, because I’ve been sitting on it for so long,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is perfect,” she said, “because, right now, I could use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949339\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57336_022_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07192022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949339 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57336_022_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07192022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman with a black jacket and a N95 mask over her head is seen moving a pile of scrap metal.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57336_022_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07192022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57336_022_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07192022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57336_022_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07192022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57336_022_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07192022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57336_022_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07192022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ramona Choyce, 44, sorts metal at the Wood Street encampment in West Oakland on Tuesday, July 19, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But this stability was only temporary. The Commons — this last vestige of the Wood Street settlement on city-owned land — was facing its own eviction. Officials had long planned to build affordable housing on the lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was one of the last remaining projects of the original 2005 redevelopment agreement, and officials said the developer couldn’t begin work on the planned 170 affordable condos and apartments until the property was cleared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, Oakland officials applied for and received a little more than $8 million in state grants to relocate residents from the Commons into a new temporary shelter site consisting of 77 “community cabins” — essentially, Tuff Sheds — capable of housing 100 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money was part of a $700 million initiative that Newsom established in 2021, called the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bcsh.ca.gov/calich/erf_program.html\">Encampment Resolution Funding Program\u003c/a>, which has a stated goal of placing people exiting encampments into housing or shelter.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Ramona Choyce, former Wood Street resident\"]‘If they kick me out, I’ve got my trailer. I’m sheltered. I don’t know if they understand that clearly, but it’s important.’[/pullquote]But the program has so far seen mixed results. Only 30% of the roughly 1,500 people removed from encampments through this program transitioned to temporary or permanent housing, said Russ Heimerich, spokesperson for the state’s Business, Consumer Services and Housing Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many people at the Commons, Choyce was skeptical of the city’s plan. To start, officials hadn’t asked residents before they applied for the grant whether anyone wanted to move into cabins. Perhaps unsurprisingly, most did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to go there, either,” Choyce said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moving to the cabins meant giving up the one home she had been able to count on in her six years at Wood Street — her trailer — to go into a program where the outcome was uncertain. \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandauditor.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/20220919_Performance-Audit_The-City-of-Oaklands-Homelessness-Services_Final.pdf\">A 2022 audit of the city’s homelessness services (PDF)\u003c/a> found that fewer than one-third of the people who went into the community cabins moved into permanent housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Choyce had known people who cycled through the six-month program, only to end up back on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they kick me out, I’ve got my trailer. I’m sheltered,” Choyce said. “I don’t know if they understand that clearly, but it’s important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janosko wanted the city to think long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949825\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11949825\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Janosko speaks during a community meeting with city officials about the kinds of services that will be provided to residents of the Commons, if they choose to relocate to a community cabin site the city plans to build, on Nov. 21, 2022. \u003ccite>(Photo by Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Think permanent,” he pleaded with city officials at a community meeting last fall. “So people don’t have to worry [that] if they don’t get housing because they’ve been in mental illness, in drug usage or whatever for the last 10 years and you expect that everything’s gonna be OK? It’s not. There’s too much trauma out here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, he wanted the city to offer something more than what residents were already getting at the Commons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a clothing closet, we feed people, we house people, we counsel people, we do harm reduction. We already do all this stuff [at the Commons],” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials declined multiple requests for an interview and did not respond to questions about why they chose the community cabin model in applying for the state grants, or how they planned to improve outcomes for residents. In a statement, officials said the city “was able to accommodate many of [the residents’] needs and requests, including plumbed bathrooms, a community space, the ability to cook food, workforce opportunities, and a desire to remain together as a community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before the cabins had even been installed, city officials posted eviction notices at the Commons. Choyce and Janosko felt betrayed. Despite the $8 million plan and the community meetings, they were being told to leave before there was a place for them to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What about the people?” Choyce asked. “They don’t care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just don’t get it,” Janosko said. “We put our hope in other people, the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940097\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62559_IMG_7029A-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11940097\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62559_IMG_7029A-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A female-presenting white woman with long brown hair and a beanie holds her fist to her mouth with a concerned expression while listening\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62559_IMG_7029A-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62559_IMG_7029A-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62559_IMG_7029A-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62559_IMG_7029A-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62559_IMG_7029A-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica ‘Freeway’ Blalock (right), along with other residents and supporters, listens to a court hearing, via Zoom, at the Wood Street Commons on Friday, Feb. 2, 2023. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Again, he and other residents fought back, filing for a temporary restraining order in federal court. And again, the judge sided with residents, ordering the city to delay the evictions until the community cabin site was open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delay would prove instrumental, but it would come with costs. It bought residents a few more months of stability, time Janosko used to try to lobby people at the Commons into accepting the city’s offer to move to the new shelter site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a hard sell. Gathered under the pop-up canopy in the outdoor living room Janosko had built, many at the Commons wanted nothing to do with the rules that come with accepting shelter from the city: Residents weren’t allowed keys to their own cabins, could have no visitors. Minor infractions could lead to expulsion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949423\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64447_012_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949423 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64447_012_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman walks with her hands behind her back toward a community cabins site for unhouse folks. She's accompanied by a man who walks on her left side.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64447_012_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64447_012_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64447_012_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64447_012_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64447_012_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wood Street resident Ramona Choyce tours the Tuff Sheds near the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on April 10, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Janosko painted a different vision, of using the time at the cabins to realize a larger dream: buying a plot of land together, people building their own houses, a garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He could almost see it, he said: “That day we walk on our land, that day we break ground. People are coming off the street, and they have a community they can live in for the rest of their lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, uncertainty was taking its toll. The looming evictions heightened tensions inside the camp. Sober for nine months, Janosko began using crystal methamphetamine again. Arguments between residents became more common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just anger,” Janosko said. “Anger and frustration with everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 10, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11945422/end-of-an-era-last-remaining-unhoused-residents-at-oaklands-wood-street-commons-getting-evicted\">the city began evicting residents at the Commons\u003c/a>. For nearly two weeks, residents resisted, fencing off the site and locking the gates, dragging bulky items into the street to block public works crews from entering, and sitting on or lying in front of equipment. But, on April 20, police officers showed up in force, arresting two people on conspiracy and theft charges and threatening to arrest anyone else who obstructed city workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11946235\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/026_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11946235\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/026_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023.jpg\" alt=\"A man looks through a chain link fence at police officers on the other side of it. The man has a crowd of people behind him as his fingers rest in between the fence coils.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/026_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/026_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/026_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/026_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/026_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wood Street resident LaMonte Ford speaks to the police as the City of Oakland begins to evict the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on April 10, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Faced with bulldozers and handcuffs, most of the residents reluctantly agreed to move to the community cabins or go to a city-run RV parking lot in East Oakland. About a dozen chose to take their chances on the streets.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"John Janosko, former Wood Street resident\"]‘Once you get stability, then you get everything else that comes along with it.’[/pullquote]But Janosko didn’t see the evictions as a complete defeat. Dozens of volunteer advocates had come out to support residents. At the cabins, they’d be together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was already thinking of ways to make the new site less sterile, with planter boxes and a grill outside the fences for barbecues. “We’re going to turn it into something more than what it is,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past four years, the Commons had provided residents enough stability to build a community. If all went according to plan, Janosko hoped the cabins would enable them to keep it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you get stability,” he said, “then you get everything else that comes along with it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Earlier this month, the city of Oakland completed clearing the remaining portion of the Wood Street settlement, which, at its height, was Northern California’s largest community of unhoused people. Its closure comes as the state seeks to crack down on homeless encampments across California.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684534066,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":134,"wordCount":6826},"headData":{"title":"The End of Wood Street: Inside the Struggle for Stability, Housing on the Margins of the Bay Area | KQED","description":"Earlier this month, the city of Oakland completed clearing the remaining portion of the Wood Street settlement, which, at its height, was Northern California’s largest community of unhoused people. Its closure comes as the state seeks to crack down on homeless encampments across California.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"THE CALIFORNIA REPORT MAGAZINE","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC4608432538.mp3?updated=1684346356","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11949327/the-end-of-wood-street-inside-the-struggle-for-stability-housing-on-the-margins-of-the-bay-area","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The area had long been a forgotten place. That’s what Jessica Huffman found most appealing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was around 2019, and she had just been evicted from an encampment near Oakland’s Fruitvale neighborhood. Huffman needed a place to go where she could be invisible. She found it, near \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11945984/oakland-begins-evicting-unhoused-residents-at-wood-street-commons\">Wood and 34th streets\u003c/a>, under a tangle of freeway overpasses on the city’s western fringe. A locus of industry and transportation arteries, of waste-recycling centers and logistics, the area had also been, for decades, a release valve for the region’s marginally housed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It was a place where they could just kind of brush us under the rug.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Jessica Huffman, former Wood Street resident","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, scattered stands of cattails and a small grove of eucalyptus trees punctuated the vast patch of dirt where Huffman parked her trailer. There were a few people there, tucked back from the street. More importantly, she said, it’s where police officers told her she could go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was nobody around,” Huffman said. “It was a place where they could just kind of brush us under the rug.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next three years, some 300 people moved into a roughly mile-long swath of land under Huffman’s freeway overpass. And the settlement — known simply as Wood Street, for the road running parallel to it — exploded into Northern California’s largest community of unhoused people. Its growth became a symbol of a housing market gone awry, as a yawning affordability gap left many seeking refuge in neglected corners of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities knew about the Wood Street settlement for years, and arguably aided in fueling its expansion. But once it came time to close the site down, they were remarkably short on solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As homelessness in California reaches new peaks — \u003ca href=\"https://files.hudexchange.info/reports/published/CoC_PopSub_State_CA_2022.pdf\">more than 171,000 people, according to the most recent count (PDF)\u003c/a> — what happened at Wood Street offers a compelling window into why the state’s approach to clearing homeless encampments so often fails to get people housed and what these communities can offer residents, however imperfectly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Jessica\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Huffman’s spot was near the settlement’s northern edge, which ended in a triangle above 34th Street, where the land narrows between train tracks and warehouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heading south, a dirt access road served as the community’s main artery. On either side, clusters of RVs, trailers and makeshift dwellings lined the road. Inoperable cars and fields of debris, often dumped there illegally, checkered the spaces in between.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949351\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57509_006_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949351 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57509_006_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman sits on the stoop of her trailer. A pile of her belongings are stacked to the left of her. A blue jacket hangs on a hook on the door. She is looking off to the left.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57509_006_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57509_006_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57509_006_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57509_006_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57509_006_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica Huffman sits in her RV, which was damaged during a fire at the Wood Street encampment, in Oakland on July 28, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Exhaust from the overpass mixed with dust to form a haze that turned the air harsh and acrid. On hot days, trash ripened in the sun, the odor wafting through the camp. There was no running water, and no electricity, except what residents could siphon from electrical panels under the freeway or generate through solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t come here because we wanted to be here,” Huffman said. “We came here because we were pushed here, and there’s nowhere else we can be. So, we made it the best we could.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman’s blond hair, streaked with pink, was often swept into a loose ponytail, accentuating her angular face and wiry frame. She, like many in the settlement, formed her trailer into a compound with a half dozen other people for both camaraderie and protection. Wood Street, Huffman said, could be a fractious place — the big group was actually made of smaller groups. Theft was common. Some people made their money illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949350\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949350 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view of a homeless encampment with trailers, tents and people's belongings scattered about underneath a freeway overpass.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58500_037_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica Huffman’s compound seen from above after damage from a nearby fire, at the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on Sept. 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Huffman didn’t care how people survived. “Just don’t steal my [stuff] or you’ll cause a consequence,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her compound was ensconced in an 11-foot-high fence, held in place with metal wire. The half dozen trailers encircled an outdoor living room and kitchen, complete with an electric stove.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘If you don’t have an address, you don’t have a job. You don’t have a job, you don’t have an address. And then, you can’t save up money because you got to live every day spending it.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Jessica Huffman, former Wood Street resident","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>One day, someone dumped a truckload of bricks in the middle of a street near the settlement. Huffman loaded them onto the back of her truck, brought them to her camp and cemented them into a chunky, V-shaped patio. “It’s got a custom pattern, way original work,” she said, with a wink. “We did a damn good job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Wood Street, Huffman was able to settle. It was a welcome respite after years of moving her trailer every three days from one residential street to another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homelessness, she said, can be a vicious cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t have an address, you don’t have a job. You don’t have a job, you don’t have an address,” she said. “And then, you can’t save up money because you got to live every day spending it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949600\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6257.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949600 size-full\" style=\"font-weight: bold;background-color: transparent;color: #767676\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6257.jpg\" alt=\"Four people sit at a picnic bench talking to one another. A small cooler sits on top of the table along with a gray basket. Tiny homes are pictured in the background that sit under a freeway overpass.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6257.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6257-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6257-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6257-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6257-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jared DeFigh (center right) takes a break from dismantling community structure Cob on Wood on Oct. 13, 2022. Nonprofits helped residents build Cob on Wood in early 2021. The buildings housed a free store, a medical supply shed, a bathroom and a shower. There was also a community garden and shared kitchen at the site. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Knowing nobody was coming to kick her out meant Huffman could get other needs met — laundry, food, finding a place to shower — and even land a job. She worked graveyards packing produce boxes and meal kits at Good Eggs’ distribution warehouse near Wood Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949690\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949690\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A colorful illustration of a map of the Wood Street encampment located in West Oakland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1097\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-scaled.jpg 1867w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-800x1097.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-1020x1399.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-160x219.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-1120x1536.jpg 1120w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-1493x2048.jpg 1493w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_0212-1920x2633.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sketch of the Wood Street settlement, as of July 2022. Places and borders are approximate. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Anna Vignet/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That was such a big, important thing. And there is no way I could have pulled it off otherwise,” Huffman said. “You can’t be moving around every three days like they want you to do and be dependable anywhere else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stability also enabled residents to develop shared resources in the form of two community centers within the camp: Cob on Wood, and the Commons. The centers helped smooth divisions within the camp, allowing residents at Wood Street to cohere into something more like one community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of nonprofits and volunteers in early 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/04/30/homeless-oaklanders-bring-hot-showers-medical-care-and-a-pizza-oven-to-their-encampment/\">helped residents build Cob on Wood\u003c/a> near the middle of the settlement, turning it into a surprising and incongruous oasis. Structures made of mud and recycled materials — which residents jokingly referred to as “hobbit houses” — surrounded a community garden and an outdoor kitchen. Residents used the homespun buildings to house a free store, a medical supply shed, a bathroom and a shower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Xochitl Bernadette Moreno, co-founder of Essential Food and Medicine, helped mastermind the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Cob on Wood] was birthed from the visions of the residents here around how to meet some of the basic needs that people who are unhoused have in this community,” Moreno said. “Places like Wood Street, and these types of communities that are built from the rubble of society, are really important for unhoused people to create systems of safety, systems of community, because state solutions aren’t providing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949604\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/016_KQED_WoodStreetEncampmentOakland_07192022-1.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949604 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/016_KQED_WoodStreetEncampmentOakland_07192022-1.jpg\" alt='A woman in a pink T-shirt with blonde hair pulls weeds from a planter box that holds a sprouting garden. Little orange flowers are blossoming. A nearby white board reads, \"Today Meeting.\" A trailer is seen to the left in the background.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/016_KQED_WoodStreetEncampmentOakland_07192022-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/016_KQED_WoodStreetEncampmentOakland_07192022-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/016_KQED_WoodStreetEncampmentOakland_07192022-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/016_KQED_WoodStreetEncampmentOakland_07192022-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/016_KQED_WoodStreetEncampmentOakland_07192022-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sasha Huckaby, 28, pulls weeds from a garden at the Wood Street encampment in West Oakland on Tuesday, July 19, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Huffman had been unhoused, on and off, for the better part of her 43 years. She said she left her small, Texas hometown as an adolescent, hitchhiking her way across the country. At 17, she stopped in San Francisco, captivated by the city’s Victorian houses and rolling hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not like that where I’m from, which is like flatland boring,” she said, recalling the awe of her first impressions. “It’s beautiful out here.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Places like Wood Street, and these types of communities that are built from the rubble of society, are really important for unhoused people to create systems of safety, systems of community, because state solutions aren’t providing that.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Xochitl Bernadette Moreno, co-founder, Essential Food and Medicine","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In San Francisco, Huffman hung out on Haight Street with other people her age and began experimenting with psychedelics and, later, crack cocaine and speed. Over the next two decades, she had periods of relative stability — a job, housing, sobriety — that would be shattered by a more damaging addiction: abusive partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I decided that the last time my ex was going to whoop my [butt] was the last time,” she said of her most recent bout with homelessness. “I would rather be safe than dealing with that [stuff].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After more than three years at Wood Street, she finally had enough money to move — if only a landlord would accept her spotty rental history and lack of a credit score.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m just not very well qualified,” she lamented. “I don’t have bad credit. I just have no credit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman wasn’t looking for anything fancy: a house with a yard. Somewhere close to work. Working plumbing. Electricity. “Not much,” she said. “Probably normal to everybody else. For me, it’d be a dream come true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, on July 11, 2022, a fire changed everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was around 10 a.m. Huffman saw several police cars in the area and went to ask them why they were there (officials said later they were looking for stolen and abandoned cars). Before she could get an answer, smoke began rising near the train trestle, swirling into a thick, black column. It was coming from her compound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949349\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57510_004_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949349 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57510_004_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Charred cars, metal, belongings and debris are scattered throughout an open field.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57510_004_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57510_004_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57510_004_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57510_004_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57510_004_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charred remnants of residents’ belongings fill areas of the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on July 28, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She ran back. Officers swarmed around her, she said: “They were just ushering us out. Like, go, go, go, go, go!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Huffman saw that faces were missing from her crew. One — a woman named DeeDee — had a tent under the wooden train trestle, which was engulfed in flames. She pleaded with the officers to let her go there. They refused. Another friend began shouting in their faces, causing enough of a distraction for Huffman to slip past the officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She found DeeDee still asleep in her tent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fire was touching her face,” Huffman shuddered. “She would have burned — not even smoke inhalation — she would have burned to death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949410\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57515_008_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949410 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57515_008_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman with a gray and black sweater and a blonde ponytail points to damage done to her trailer. It's covered in soot and grime from a previous fire.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57515_008_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57515_008_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57515_008_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57515_008_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57515_008_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica points to damage to her RV from a fire at the Wood Street encampment, in Oakland on July 28, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her voice cracked remembering the moment. “That could have been any one of us,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman’s truck burned, and the side of her trailer melted from the heat. Her bed momentarily caught on fire, but firefighters doused the flames before the fire could spread further. Others weren’t as lucky. Her partner, Matthew Schatzinger, lost the mini school bus he lived in. Another one of their compound members, Shaun Ryan, watched his trailer and all his belongings turn to ash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials later said five RVs burned in the two-alarm blaze. The cause of the fire was undetermined, but a spokesperson for the fire department said it started in an RV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949412\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57514_010_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949412 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57514_010_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup shot of a man's hands covered in black soot from a previous fire.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57514_010_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57514_010_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57514_010_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57514_010_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57514_010_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07282022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matthew Schatzinger shows soot on his hands from sorting through his belongings that burned during a fire at the Wood Street encampment, in Oakland on July 28, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Inside Huffman’s compound, soot blackened every surface. The only remnants of the outdoor living room and kitchen were charred wood and twisted metal.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I can’t crawl out of poverty if they make me have to constantly put my job and my income and my everything on emergency hold. It’s like they just want us to die or something.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Jessica Huffman, former Wood Street resident","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Then, less than a week later, Caltrans posted five-day eviction notices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Huffman, it felt like a cruel joke. Bits of soot and ash were still raining over the camp, sticking to Huffman’s skin and collecting in the crevices of her face, neck and hands. The sickly smell of burned plastics hung heavy in the air. She hadn’t had time yet to take stock of her losses. Now, she’d lose everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questions raced through her mind: Where would she move now? How would she get there? What could she take with her? And, perhaps most importantly, how could she do all that and still make it to work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t crawl out of poverty if they make me have to constantly put my job and my income and my everything on emergency hold,” she said, bitterly. “It’s like they just want us to die or something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>John\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When Caltrans issued the eviction notices, John Janosko sprang into action. Tall, with short dreadlocks and an effusive smile, Janosko could be mistaken for the mayor of Wood Street — or, at least, president of its improvement association, if such a thing existed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His trailer sat at the entrance to the Commons. He had built out the space into a maze of rooms made from plywood and other materials. Beyond it, he arranged couches and outdoor furniture into an open-air living room that doubled as a community meeting space with a communal kitchen tucked into one corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949603\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/007_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_3463-1020x765-1.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949603 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/007_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_3463-1020x765-1.jpg\" alt=\"A man in a white, hooded sweatshirt and long, brown braids sits on a sofa outdoors listening to someone speak off camera.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/007_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_3463-1020x765-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/007_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_3463-1020x765-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/007_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_3463-1020x765-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/007_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_3463-1020x765-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/007_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_3463-1020x765-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Janosko speaks with other members of the Wood Street Commons before a meeting with the city of Oakland and its nonprofit contractor, Building Opportunities for Self-Sufficiency (BOSS), on Nov. 30, 2022. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You know how you have that family member where you always go to Thanksgiving or you always spend Christmas?” Janosko said. “So, that would be me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the previous three years, the Commons had served as the main gateway into the larger Wood Street settlement, which was mostly tucked back from the street. Across from Raimondi Park, where kids played football and soccer, the Commons was the most visible part of the settlement, and the most accessible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Established nonprofits like LifeLong Medical Care and Operation Dignity routinely came by to provide health care and shower services for Wood Street residents, and volunteer advocates offered rides to medical appointments or help with paperwork to get into housing. Church groups and other organizations stopped by almost daily with boxes of food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949341\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62090_006_KQED_WoodStreetHolidayParty_12172022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949341 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62090_006_KQED_WoodStreetHolidayParty_12172022-qut.jpg\" alt='A man and a woman hold a conversation at a holiday party. Behind them, a wall with many posters tacked to it. One poster reads, \"Encampment evictions = state violence.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62090_006_KQED_WoodStreetHolidayParty_12172022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62090_006_KQED_WoodStreetHolidayParty_12172022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62090_006_KQED_WoodStreetHolidayParty_12172022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62090_006_KQED_WoodStreetHolidayParty_12172022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62090_006_KQED_WoodStreetHolidayParty_12172022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Janosko makes cocktails at the Wood Street Commons for attendees at a holiday celebration at the encampment in Oakland on Dec. 17, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Janosko had worked hard to make the Commons homey. Succulent-filled planters dotted the space. Pop-up canopies shaded a few of the outdoor seating areas. A changing rotation of art decorated the walkways.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘All this stuff, these resources, these connections, these people, this caring, this love — that took time. It takes time to be able to get to a point where you’re able to take care of yourself and also help take care of your community.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"John Janosko, former Wood Street resident","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“All this stuff, these resources, these connections, these people, this caring, this love — that took time,” Janosko said. “It takes time to be able to get to a point where you’re able to take care of yourself and also help take care of your community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was frustrated that certain issues — like trash — persisted, despite offers to the city to pay for dumpsters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The designated dumping spot is on the street, where everybody can see it,” Janosko said. “So, that looks bad, when the city should have just put out dumpsters, and that would make it look a lot better, and there wouldn’t be all this trash flying around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In posting the eviction notices, Caltrans — which owns the bulk of the land the Wood Street settlement occupied — said Wood Street had become too dangerous, with more than 200 fires reported in the span of 2 1/2 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949348\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58415_018_KQED_WoodStreet_09022022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949348 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58415_018_KQED_WoodStreet_09022022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A white page with burned edges shows a charcoal drawing of Victorian facades, and sits among brown, shaded debris.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58415_018_KQED_WoodStreet_09022022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58415_018_KQED_WoodStreet_09022022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58415_018_KQED_WoodStreet_09022022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58415_018_KQED_WoodStreet_09022022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58415_018_KQED_WoodStreet_09022022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A burned drawing of Victorian houses lies amid the remnants of a fire at the Wood Street encampment, in Oakland on Sept. 2, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Michael Hunt, spokesperson for the Oakland Fire Department, said investigators typically did not look into the causes of these fires, which some residents suspected were arson, because highly flammable siding on RVs and trailers, combined with propane tanks, lighters and other combustible objects, often obscured where fires started or how they spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neighboring residents cited ongoing complaints of crime and blight. Stephen Denlis, CEO of Mean Machine, a nearby fabrication business, said employees’ cars were routinely vandalized, making it hard for him to hire and retain staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is impossible to hire when you are in the middle of a homeless encampment,” he said, adding that over the past 15 years, his workforce had dwindled from 15 employees to four. “I pay $100 a month for rat abatement, close my doors due to tire fires, and added fencing and screening out front. … The way it is now is scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denlis watched the community of unhoused people at Wood Street ebb and flow over the years. But around 2019, city workers painted a long white line on the street and set up concrete dividers, separating people’s four-wheeled homes from traffic — an action that, to Larry Coke and other unhoused people living there, seemed to sanction the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coke had been living at Raimondi Park, near 18th and Wood streets, in a tent, and later a trailer, since 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949491\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/088_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949491 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/088_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022.jpg\" alt='A small, tan shack under the freeway with a garden in front of it and a rainbow sign above a wooden archway is hand painted and reads, \"Cob on Wood.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/088_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/088_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/088_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/088_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/088_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cob on Wood in Oakland on Sept. 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The city moved us over here right in front of the soccer field,” he recalled. Across from the park was a vacant lot. “We came across the street. And that’s how it started. That’s how people started coming over here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kp_yDu2nqSA\">In an interview at the time\u003c/a> with KPIX, then-Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf defended the city’s actions, saying, “We don’t have a permanent place for that encampment yet, so you will see us use interim measures because we don’t have enough [shelter] beds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Schaaf also made it clear the encampment wasn’t, officially speaking, “sanctioned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From my experience, we have tried it, and it has failed,” Schaaf said of other sanctioned encampments in the city. “All of them have ended in fires, in really dangerous and unhealthy conditions that I believe are not healthy for the unhoused residents, let alone the surrounding community.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Stories on Wood Street ","tag":"wood-street"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Given all that, for Janosko and other residents, it was clear the city and Caltrans both had known about the settlement for years. What was the rush to evict everyone now? And besides, where was everyone supposed to go?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He worked with another camp resident, Jaz Colibri, and a nonprofit law group to file for a temporary restraining order in federal court to stop the evictions. The suit argued the five-day notices would cause immediate and irreparable harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janosko hoped to buy his unhoused neighbors some time, and force the city to offer more in the way of solutions than to simply scatter. The strategy worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the first hearing, District Judge William Orrick asked the attorneys for the government agencies involved — Caltrans, the city of Oakland and Alameda County — what kind of shelter was being offered to residents. They all pointed fingers at each other, admitting there was no plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I understand that everybody wants to wash their hands of this particular problem, and that’s not going to happen,” Orrick said, ordering the agencies to come back in a month with answers to where people could go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949500\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58520_063_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949500 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58520_063_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Men in orange and yellow work clothes and white hardhats clear a homeless encampment using large machinery. A white pickup truck is seen being hoisted into the air and hauled off.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58520_063_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58520_063_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58520_063_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58520_063_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58520_063_KQED_WoodStreetOaklandCalTrans_09082022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Caltrans workers remove vehicles and clear people’s belongings from the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on Sept. 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But this reprieve was only temporary. Caltrans had been on a tear in the year leading up to the eviction notices at Wood Street, clearing 1,237 encampments in fiscal year 2022, according to William Arnold, spokesperson for the agency. In the months since, Caltrans has ramped up its efforts, clearing 1,534 encampments between July 1, 2022, and April 14, 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ensuring displaced residents have viable housing options is not part of Caltrans’ mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Under state law, providing shelter and housing assistance to homeless individuals — including those residing on a state right-of-way within a city’s or county’s boundaries — is the responsibility of local government,” Arnold said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans will notify local social services providers and request outreach be done at least two weeks prior to an eviction, he said. And, it posts notices at the site “at least 48 hours in advance.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Under state law, providing shelter and housing assistance to homeless individuals — including those residing on a state right-of-way within a city’s or county’s boundaries — is the responsibility of local government.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"William Arnold, spokesperson, Caltrans","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But finding enough shelter for people displaced through these evictions can be challenging. In 2022, \u003ca href=\"https://files.hudexchange.info/reports/published/CoC_HIC_State_CA_2022.pdf\">California had around 68,600 emergency or transitional shelter beds across the state and nearly 115,500 people living in tents, RVs and cars (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Wood Street residents, this shortage meant that despite a federal court order mandating a plan for housing, the best that Oakland and Alameda County could offer was beds for about half of the soon-to-be-displaced residents. At the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11923663/caltrans-ok-to-clear-oaklands-largest-homeless-encampment-federal-judge-rules\">next hearing\u003c/a>, Orrick said that was adequate. The law was on Caltrans’ side. “There is no constitutional right to housing,” Orrick said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janosko was crushed. He knew outsiders saw only the maze of rundown trailers, the makeshift hovels scrapped together with plywood and tarp, the trash. He wished someone with power could also see what he saw: a community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People, they look at the wrong things,” he said, turning his face skyward. “Even though it’s a situation that’s maybe not ideal to most people, there’s a lot of things that bring up good emotions inside of you that make you feel good still. It’s not all about being sad and stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949605\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/006_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_RS62562_IMG_4157-qut-1020x765-1.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949605 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/006_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_RS62562_IMG_4157-qut-1020x765-1.jpg\" alt=\"A woman in a black beanie and jacket hugs a man who is crying wearing a gray, hooded sweatshirt.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/006_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_RS62562_IMG_4157-qut-1020x765-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/006_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_RS62562_IMG_4157-qut-1020x765-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/006_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_RS62562_IMG_4157-qut-1020x765-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/006_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_RS62562_IMG_4157-qut-1020x765-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/006_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_RS62562_IMG_4157-qut-1020x765-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Xochitl Bernadette Moreno hugs John Janosko at the Wood Street Commons on Friday, Feb. 2, 2023, after a federal district judge said he would allow the city of Oakland to begin evicting residents at the Commons. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 8, 2022, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11925169/residents-activists-decry-evictions-at-oaklands-largest-homeless-encampment\">the evictions began\u003c/a>. Caltrans crews showed up in force. Dozens of California Highway Patrol officers spread out in a line to separate residents from workers, clearing roughly three-quarters of the settlement. Arnold said the agency ultimately spent $2.1 million removing 800 vehicles and enough debris to fill 200 dumpsters. It spent another $5.5 million installing a concrete barrier and a fence to deter people from reentering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Janosko, all that money added up to just one thing: “A whole bunch of people just got all their worldly belongings thrown into a dumpster and grinded away. They got pushed out to another location. They’re scared and alone and by themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By mid-October, when Caltrans had finished its work at Wood Street, city officials said roughly half the settlement, or 95 people, had accepted offers of shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the remaining 110 people, some moved to the Commons. That part of the settlement was spared because it sat on city-owned land — and the city had its own plans for that lot. Others simply spread into the surrounding neighborhood.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘A whole bunch of people just got all their worldly belongings thrown into a dumpster and grinded away. They got pushed out to another location. They’re scared and alone and by themselves.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"John Janosko, former Wood Street resident","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Everyone is just sort of scattered,” Janosko said. “If you go up and down some of these side streets, you’ll notice that there’s a few more RVs parked on just regular residential streets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her part, Huffman moved about a dozen blocks south, to another vacant lot in West Oakland. Many from her compound followed, along with other displaced Wood Street residents. But just as the owner of that lot was gearing up to kick them out, Huffman caught a break. A long-time friend with a house in East Oakland allowed her to move in. It wasn’t close to her job, but it had a yard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949607\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/003_KQED_ErinBaldassari_JessicaHuffman_112022.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949607 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/003_KQED_ErinBaldassari_JessicaHuffman_112022.jpg\" alt=\"A woman with shoulder-length blonde hair is wearing a gray, hooded sweatshirt and is standing inside in front of a kitchen sink filled with dishes. She's smiling. A kitchen window is behind her letting in sunlight.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/003_KQED_ErinBaldassari_JessicaHuffman_112022.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/003_KQED_ErinBaldassari_JessicaHuffman_112022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/003_KQED_ErinBaldassari_JessicaHuffman_112022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/003_KQED_ErinBaldassari_JessicaHuffman_112022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/003_KQED_ErinBaldassari_JessicaHuffman_112022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica Huffman poses for a photo inside her home in East Oakland, where she recently began renting a room, on Nov. 16, 2022. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I got lucky,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though she had left Wood Street, she still returned to the area to visit her friends who remained in trailers nearby. Without them, she said, she never would have made it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949346\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62128_019_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949346 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62128_019_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup shot of a dirt field with red bricks from a former patio pictured. Everything is burned.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62128_019_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62128_019_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62128_019_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62128_019_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS62128_019_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The remains of Jessica Huffman’s brick patio at the site of the Wood Street encampment where Huffman and other residents once lived, in Oakland on Dec. 16, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“‘Cause, if I didn’t have something to eat, my neighbor was going to share a sandwich with me. And that was the case every day,” Huffman said. “Nobody can survive without everybody else there. We can’t live without each other, you know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans returned the land where the Wood Street settlement had stood back to bare earth, as empty and open as when Huffman had moved there. Only her brick patio remained.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Ramona\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After getting evicted from her spot under the freeway at Wood Street in September 2022, Ramona Choyce moved three times in three months, ultimately ending up about six blocks south, next door to the Commons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guarded by nature, Choyce, 46, has an assertive demeanor that belies her 4-foot-11-inch frame. She works as a scrapper — making money by turning in used metal to be recycled — a trade her father and grandmother practiced before her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949388\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2003px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreetErinBaldassari_IMG_3971.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949388 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreetErinBaldassari_IMG_3971.jpg\" alt=\"A woman holds a broom and looks at the camera as she tries to push away pools of water from her trailer. The sun is going down.\" width=\"2003\" height=\"1431\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreetErinBaldassari_IMG_3971.jpg 2003w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreetErinBaldassari_IMG_3971-800x572.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreetErinBaldassari_IMG_3971-1020x729.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreetErinBaldassari_IMG_3971-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreetErinBaldassari_IMG_3971-1536x1097.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreetErinBaldassari_IMG_3971-1920x1372.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2003px) 100vw, 2003px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ramona Choyce rakes debris from water that flooded the area around her trailer, on Jan. 9, 2023. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s in the family,” she joked on a recycling run one day, driving her beat-up, sky-blue Isuzu pickup truck from the 1980s. “I guess I need to open up my own business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the move from Caltrans’ land had made it hard for Choyce to keep working. She had taken what she could fit in her trailer or carry in her pickup, but had to leave behind a lot of gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I done lost a lot. A lot,” she said. “I can’t even work on stuff that I need to work on because I really don’t have the tools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667321522000269\">Studies\u003c/a> show that encampment sweeps, like the one Caltrans performed at Wood Street, \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11606-022-07471-y.pdf\">lead to worse mental and physical health for residents (PDF)\u003c/a>, undermine trust in service providers, and push residents into more dangerous environments, among \u003ca href=\"https://nhchc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/NHCHC-encampment-sweeps-issue-brief-12-22.pdf\">other outcomes (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949338\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS61892_008_KQED_WoodStreetFlooding_01052023-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949338 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS61892_008_KQED_WoodStreetFlooding_01052023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"An outdoor shot of an unhoused person's encampment site. A white trailer is covered in brown tarps as pools of water start to form in front of the place. Piles of abandoned tires are in the background amid a gray sky.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS61892_008_KQED_WoodStreetFlooding_01052023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS61892_008_KQED_WoodStreetFlooding_01052023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS61892_008_KQED_WoodStreetFlooding_01052023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS61892_008_KQED_WoodStreetFlooding_01052023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS61892_008_KQED_WoodStreetFlooding_01052023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An RV sits in water on Wood Street in Oakland on Jan. 5, 2023, after storms contributed to flooding in the area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In her new spot, Choyce was right on the street, exposed to passersby in a way she hadn’t been when she had been tucked under the overpass, “Now, I’m in front, open,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On several occasions, people broke into Choyce’s trailer. Then, when the rains came in November, water pooled in a sometimes knee-deep moat that was often filled with trash and other debris, despite her constantly raking it clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the time that I moved over here, it’s been water,” Choyce said. “Caltrans done threw away all my weather gear. … So, I’m getting wet, and it feel like I’m getting sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949610\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_4345-1020x765-1.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949610 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_4345-1020x765-1.jpg\" alt='A brown tarp hangs over a trailer with spraypainted letters in yellow reading, \"Leave us alone in the name of Jesus.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_4345-1020x765-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_4345-1020x765-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_4345-1020x765-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_4345-1020x765-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/002_KQED_WoodStreet_ErinBaldassari_IMG_4345-1020x765-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The outside of Ramona Choyce’s trailer on Jan. 9, 2023. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her trailer now butted against the fence surrounding \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11910890/how-oaklands-16th-street-train-station-helped-build-west-oakland-and-the-modern-civil-rights-movement\">Southern Pacific’s abandoned 16th Street train station\u003c/a>, not far from where she had grown up as a kid. When she was younger, Choyce sometimes wandered down 16th Street to stare up at the tiled, beaux-arts-style building, with its vaulted ceiling and ornate interior, before the station stopped serving passengers in 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We used to walk all the way up here,” she said. “But never got on the train.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the street, a gleaming white-and-gray apartment complex was under construction — the last of some 1,500 new homes, mostly market rate, built as part of \u003ca href=\"https://oakland.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=742328&GUID=6BB49C5D-30C9-4253-85B8-6E66E8499C3A&Options=&Search=\">a redevelopment plan Oakland officials approved in 2005\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Silicon Valley’s tech industry was rebounding from the dot-com bust and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Housing-market-still-hot-2004-Bay-Area-median-2737351.php\">rent prices in the region were rising\u003c/a>. West Oakland, which had long experienced disinvestment, suddenly seemed like a promising bet for real estate developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slowly, the march of development moved its way northward, right to the Commons’ doorstep. And evidence of the \u003ca href=\"https://ccrl.stanford.edu/blog/oakland-series-4\">change in demographics\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/06/18/oakland-s-f-neighborhoods-fastest-gentrifying-in-u-s/\">income\u003c/a> was all around West Oakland in the form of new cafes, restaurants — even a doggie hotel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949497\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_3960.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949497 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_3960.jpg\" alt=\"A woman in a gray, hooded sweater is using a yellow push-broom to sweep away water on the side of the road.\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_3960.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_3960-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_3960-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_3960-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_3960-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_3960-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ramona Choyce sweeps large puddles away from her trailer on Jan. 9, 2023. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sorting aluminum from plastics into blue trash barrels, Choyce eyed a ginger-bearded man as he jogged past her trailer. She shook her head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These new people,” she said, emphasizing and repeating “\u003cem>these new people\u003c/em> that’s moving in, in our town, want to boot us out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She thought about how her mom worked under the table to feed her and her six siblings. Choyce now had six kids of her own, the two youngest of whom were living with their aunt. But despite all the “progress” in West Oakland, it had only become harder for Choyce to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m just imagining it’s going to be even worse for my kids,” she said. “A lot of stuff’s changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite her move from under the overpass to the street, she was buoyed by remaining close to the Commons, where she could still access food donations and Operation Dignity’s mobile shower van, and where she was surrounded by people she knew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her pickup truck stalled at an intersection one day, her neighbor Smiley helped her fix it. Another day, Patrick Barnes, a volunteer advocate, pulled up with trash cans full of metal that Choyce had collected from her time under the overpass. He had stored it for her during the evictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel bad, because I’ve been sitting on it for so long,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is perfect,” she said, “because, right now, I could use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949339\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57336_022_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07192022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949339 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57336_022_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07192022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman with a black jacket and a N95 mask over her head is seen moving a pile of scrap metal.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57336_022_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07192022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57336_022_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07192022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57336_022_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07192022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57336_022_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07192022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS57336_022_KQED_WoodStreetEncampment_07192022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ramona Choyce, 44, sorts metal at the Wood Street encampment in West Oakland on Tuesday, July 19, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But this stability was only temporary. The Commons — this last vestige of the Wood Street settlement on city-owned land — was facing its own eviction. Officials had long planned to build affordable housing on the lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was one of the last remaining projects of the original 2005 redevelopment agreement, and officials said the developer couldn’t begin work on the planned 170 affordable condos and apartments until the property was cleared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, Oakland officials applied for and received a little more than $8 million in state grants to relocate residents from the Commons into a new temporary shelter site consisting of 77 “community cabins” — essentially, Tuff Sheds — capable of housing 100 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money was part of a $700 million initiative that Newsom established in 2021, called the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bcsh.ca.gov/calich/erf_program.html\">Encampment Resolution Funding Program\u003c/a>, which has a stated goal of placing people exiting encampments into housing or shelter.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘If they kick me out, I’ve got my trailer. I’m sheltered. I don’t know if they understand that clearly, but it’s important.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Ramona Choyce, former Wood Street resident","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But the program has so far seen mixed results. Only 30% of the roughly 1,500 people removed from encampments through this program transitioned to temporary or permanent housing, said Russ Heimerich, spokesperson for the state’s Business, Consumer Services and Housing Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many people at the Commons, Choyce was skeptical of the city’s plan. To start, officials hadn’t asked residents before they applied for the grant whether anyone wanted to move into cabins. Perhaps unsurprisingly, most did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to go there, either,” Choyce said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moving to the cabins meant giving up the one home she had been able to count on in her six years at Wood Street — her trailer — to go into a program where the outcome was uncertain. \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandauditor.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/20220919_Performance-Audit_The-City-of-Oaklands-Homelessness-Services_Final.pdf\">A 2022 audit of the city’s homelessness services (PDF)\u003c/a> found that fewer than one-third of the people who went into the community cabins moved into permanent housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Choyce had known people who cycled through the six-month program, only to end up back on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they kick me out, I’ve got my trailer. I’m sheltered,” Choyce said. “I don’t know if they understand that clearly, but it’s important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janosko wanted the city to think long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949825\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11949825\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/IMG_6893A-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Janosko speaks during a community meeting with city officials about the kinds of services that will be provided to residents of the Commons, if they choose to relocate to a community cabin site the city plans to build, on Nov. 21, 2022. \u003ccite>(Photo by Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Think permanent,” he pleaded with city officials at a community meeting last fall. “So people don’t have to worry [that] if they don’t get housing because they’ve been in mental illness, in drug usage or whatever for the last 10 years and you expect that everything’s gonna be OK? It’s not. There’s too much trauma out here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, he wanted the city to offer something more than what residents were already getting at the Commons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a clothing closet, we feed people, we house people, we counsel people, we do harm reduction. We already do all this stuff [at the Commons],” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials declined multiple requests for an interview and did not respond to questions about why they chose the community cabin model in applying for the state grants, or how they planned to improve outcomes for residents. In a statement, officials said the city “was able to accommodate many of [the residents’] needs and requests, including plumbed bathrooms, a community space, the ability to cook food, workforce opportunities, and a desire to remain together as a community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before the cabins had even been installed, city officials posted eviction notices at the Commons. Choyce and Janosko felt betrayed. Despite the $8 million plan and the community meetings, they were being told to leave before there was a place for them to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What about the people?” Choyce asked. “They don’t care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just don’t get it,” Janosko said. “We put our hope in other people, the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940097\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62559_IMG_7029A-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11940097\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62559_IMG_7029A-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A female-presenting white woman with long brown hair and a beanie holds her fist to her mouth with a concerned expression while listening\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62559_IMG_7029A-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62559_IMG_7029A-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62559_IMG_7029A-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62559_IMG_7029A-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62559_IMG_7029A-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica ‘Freeway’ Blalock (right), along with other residents and supporters, listens to a court hearing, via Zoom, at the Wood Street Commons on Friday, Feb. 2, 2023. \u003ccite>(Erin Baldassari/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Again, he and other residents fought back, filing for a temporary restraining order in federal court. And again, the judge sided with residents, ordering the city to delay the evictions until the community cabin site was open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delay would prove instrumental, but it would come with costs. It bought residents a few more months of stability, time Janosko used to try to lobby people at the Commons into accepting the city’s offer to move to the new shelter site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a hard sell. Gathered under the pop-up canopy in the outdoor living room Janosko had built, many at the Commons wanted nothing to do with the rules that come with accepting shelter from the city: Residents weren’t allowed keys to their own cabins, could have no visitors. Minor infractions could lead to expulsion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949423\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64447_012_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11949423 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64447_012_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman walks with her hands behind her back toward a community cabins site for unhouse folks. She's accompanied by a man who walks on her left side.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64447_012_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64447_012_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64447_012_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64447_012_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64447_012_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wood Street resident Ramona Choyce tours the Tuff Sheds near the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on April 10, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Janosko painted a different vision, of using the time at the cabins to realize a larger dream: buying a plot of land together, people building their own houses, a garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He could almost see it, he said: “That day we walk on our land, that day we break ground. People are coming off the street, and they have a community they can live in for the rest of their lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, uncertainty was taking its toll. The looming evictions heightened tensions inside the camp. Sober for nine months, Janosko began using crystal methamphetamine again. Arguments between residents became more common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just anger,” Janosko said. “Anger and frustration with everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 10, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11945422/end-of-an-era-last-remaining-unhoused-residents-at-oaklands-wood-street-commons-getting-evicted\">the city began evicting residents at the Commons\u003c/a>. For nearly two weeks, residents resisted, fencing off the site and locking the gates, dragging bulky items into the street to block public works crews from entering, and sitting on or lying in front of equipment. But, on April 20, police officers showed up in force, arresting two people on conspiracy and theft charges and threatening to arrest anyone else who obstructed city workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11946235\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/026_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11946235\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/026_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023.jpg\" alt=\"A man looks through a chain link fence at police officers on the other side of it. The man has a crowd of people behind him as his fingers rest in between the fence coils.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/026_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/026_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/026_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/026_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/026_KQED_WoodStreetCommonsEviction_04102023-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wood Street resident LaMonte Ford speaks to the police as the City of Oakland begins to evict the Wood Street encampment in Oakland on April 10, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Faced with bulldozers and handcuffs, most of the residents reluctantly agreed to move to the community cabins or go to a city-run RV parking lot in East Oakland. About a dozen chose to take their chances on the streets.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Once you get stability, then you get everything else that comes along with it.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"John Janosko, former Wood Street resident","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But Janosko didn’t see the evictions as a complete defeat. Dozens of volunteer advocates had come out to support residents. At the cabins, they’d be together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was already thinking of ways to make the new site less sterile, with planter boxes and a grill outside the fences for barbecues. “We’re going to turn it into something more than what it is,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past four years, the Commons had provided residents enough stability to build a community. If all went according to plan, Janosko hoped the cabins would enable them to keep it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you get stability,” he said, “then you get everything else that comes along with it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11949327/the-end-of-wood-street-inside-the-struggle-for-stability-housing-on-the-margins-of-the-bay-area","authors":["11652"],"programs":["news_26731","news_72"],"categories":["news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_3921","news_24805","news_25676","news_22960","news_27626","news_16","news_20305","news_21214","news_32024","news_30728","news_5259","news_32023","news_1775","news_27208","news_20037","news_32356","news_29607","news_30602","news_31342","news_32355"],"featImg":"news_11949617","label":"source_news_11949327"},"news_11905181":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11905181","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11905181","score":null,"sort":[1644955258000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-reformed-medi-cal-to-include-whole-person-care-is-it-working","title":"California Reformed Medi-Cal to Include 'Whole Person Care' — Is It Working?","publishDate":1644955258,"format":"standard","headTitle":"CALmatters | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>At 66, Edward El has a new lease on life — literally. In two weeks, he’ll move into his own apartment in Berkeley after spending the better part of the past 16 years unhoused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years ago, a back injury and pinched nerves in his legs made standing and walking painful, and he was laid off from his construction job. He ended up in “shelter after shelter after shelter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nine months ago, El moved into one of 12 Project Roomkey shelters in Alameda County designed to reduce COVID-19 among the unhoused population. He was connected with a housing navigator, a counselor and medical staff. They helped El apply for affordable housing and rental assistance vouchers, and coordinated with landlords who would give unhoused renters a chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11905186\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11905186\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-14-CM.jpg\" alt=\"A man, wearing a hoodie, beanie and a face mask, sits on a chair in an indoor space. He looks to the side, a bit away from the camera.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1025\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-14-CM.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-14-CM-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-14-CM-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-14-CM-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As Edward El prepares to move to a permanent home, he has enrolled in Medi-Cal. He said he couldn't have navigated the array of complex systems if it weren't for his new case management team. 'I'm happy. They knew about programs that I didn't know about that allowed me to get a place,' he said. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now El will pay a fraction of the cost to live in an area where one-bedroom apartments often exceed $3,000 per month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team also made sure that El was enrolled in Medi-Cal and had transportation to his doctor’s appointments. He said he couldn’t have navigated the array of complex systems if it weren’t for his new case management team. “I’m happy. They knew about programs that I didn’t know about that allowed me to get a place,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intensive case management like this is an example of the ambitious, sweeping changes California made to Medi-Cal beginning in January under an initiative it’s calling CalAIM, or California Advancing and Innovating Medi-Cal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medi-Cal \u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/publication/2021-edition-medi-cal-facts-figures/\">offers medical insurance to lower-income Californians\u003c/a>, serving as a lifeline for nearly half the state’s children, 1 in 5 adults and 2 million seniors and people with disabilities. But the program is inefficient: More than half of Medi-Cal’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/07/medi-cal-covid-vaccinations/\">roughly $133 billion annual budget is spent on just 5% of the program’s highest-needs individuals\u003c/a> — people with multiple complex health problems compounded by homelessness, poverty, substance abuse, mental illness or incarceration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/CalAIM/Documents/CalAIM-ECM-a11y.pdf\">according the Department of Health Care Services\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Edward El, CalAIM beneficiary\"]'I'm happy. They knew about programs that I didn't know about that allowed me to get a place.'[/pullquote]Over the next five years, CalAIM will seek to address the upstream drivers of deteriorating health — things like food insecurity and housing instability — in an effort to reduce costly emergency department visits, hospitalizations and nursing home stays. The program redesign is based on “whole person care” principles, which help people avoid situations that worsen their physical and mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was designed at the county level to identify very high-risk populations — oftentimes people who were coming to the emergency room five to 10 times a month.” said Erica Murray, president and CEO of the California Association of Public Hospitals and Health Systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his January budget, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2022-23/pdf/GovernorsBudget/4000.pdf\">Gov. Gavin Newsom proposed $8 billion over five years to implement the program\u003c/a>, about 6% of Medi-Cal’s total budget. Included are temporary payments to managed care plans to offer enhanced case management and other services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These so-called social determinants of health have not been historically covered by health insurance like Medi-Cal. Yet they have an outsized impact on people who often struggle with economic instability, poor nutrition, discrimination, violence and disproportionate exposure to polluted air and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of my patients calls it social deterrents to health,” said Alameda County Medical Director Dr. Kathleen Clanon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No other state has mounted such a comprehensive program that wraps in so many elements. The scale is unprecedented, too: Medi-Cal provides health insurance for more than 13 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11887815\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1233456190-1020x680.jpg\"]“This is a big deal. Not only is California taking the lead but also setting a precedent for potentially other states to follow it,” said Anthony Wright, executive director of Health Access California, a consumer advocate group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pilot programs in 25 counties helped get CalAIM off the ground. Roughly \u003ca href=\"https://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/Documents/PDF/2020/wholepersoncare-report-jan2020.pdf\">108,000 Medi-Cal patients were enrolled in county pilots\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/Documents/PDF/2020/First-Interim-Evaluation-CA-HHP-Report-sep2020.pdf\">15,000 in managed care pilots during a two-year period\u003c/a>, according to an early analysis by UCLA researchers. As a result of the success, federal officials granted a waiver allowing CalAIM to move forward for the next five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Placer County, David Norris, 67, was one of the patients who benefited from the experimental programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norris ended up in a homeless shelter after his mother, for whom he was a long-term caregiver, died. He earns $900 a month in Social Security and retirement, but it’s not enough for rent and living expenses. In April, an infected foot wound spread to the bone and cost Norris his left leg. Another infection resulted in more trips to the ER and subsequent surgeries. Several months later, a fight at the shelter ended in a shove, a fall and a broken right leg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His caseworker, Todd Perbetsky, helped him enroll in Medi-Cal, find a nursing home where he could recuperate and apply for a housing voucher. He’s now helping Norris find permanent housing after leaving the nursing home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are definitely people that are falling through the cracks,” Perbetsky said. “They may not meet the criteria of some programs. They may need linkage to services. They can have tons of barriers to even getting their CalFresh turned on or other benefits they qualify for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norris called Perbetsky a “hell of a godsend. If you don’t know the ins and outs, you just get spit out. You get absolutely no help at all. That’s where Todd … helps me and people like me navigate the waters and get all squared away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Creating a one-stop shop\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wraparound services aren’t new, but they haven’t always been easy to access, nor have they been directly connected to medical care. Walk through the wrong door and you might not get any help at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unhoused patient who suffers from addiction and mental health issues and has diabetes would have to approach three different county departments and a doctor to get all their needs addressed, and even then they’re likely to get lost in the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a little bit like if you needed to get ingredients for a meal and instead of just going to the supermarket, you had to go to different stores to get your proteins and your fruits and your grains and your vegetables. And at those stores, you had to pay with different cards and navigate different rules about what you could buy,” said Melora Simon, a senior strategist at the California Health Care Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11894981\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-1-1020x766.jpg\"]This fragmentation frequently causes barriers to health care and is one of the primary reasons the Department of Health Care Services is focused on reforming Medi-Cal under CalAIM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such barrier is making sure patients don’t get lost between systems that don’t traditionally talk to one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clanon, who also works as a physician in Alameda County, said a few years ago a pregnant, HIV-positive patient needed to begin HIV treatment but had left the usual encampment she stayed in and couldn’t be found. A nurse spent more than an hour calling local emergency departments, homeless shelters and case managers to see whether anyone had seen the patient, with no luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Had the system been integrated, Clanon’s patient would have been flagged as needing critical medical care any time she entered a homeless shelter, emergency department, substance abuse center or mental health facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CalAIM is trying to fix the problem of disparate systems of care both among and between different counties and among and between different parts of the health care system,” said Diana Douglas, a health policy expert with Health Access California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Accountability and missing pieces\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since 2016, California has dedicated more than $3 billion in state and federal funds to experiment with doing just that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years after launch, the pilots demonstrated “substantial evidence” of improved follow-up after hospitalization for mental illness, increased participation in substance abuse treatment and decreased use of emergency services, among other metrics, \u003ca href=\"https://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/Documents/PDF/2020/First-Interim-Evaluation-CA-HHP-Report-sep2020.pdf\">according to the UCLA analysis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Contra Costa County, more than 12,000 patients were enrolled in the pilot annually, and the county health department hired more than 100 public health nurses, mental health specialists, community health workers, homeless service specialists, substance abuse specialists and social workers to provide coordinated case management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of them were types of positions that existed in the county before, but they were very siloed,” said Emily Parmenter, the pilot’s program manager at Contra Costa County Health Services. “So we brought them all together in these multidisciplinary teams where they had a wealth of experience … and were able to provide case consultations across divisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medi-Cal patients who enrolled in the Contra Costa pilot experienced medical emergencies less frequently than nonenrolled patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that after being involved in the program for a year, our hospital admission rates decreased by 25% … and our [emergency department] rates were 14% lower compared to the control group,” Parmenter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Emily Parmenter, Contra Costa Health Services\"]'We found that after being involved in the program for a year, our hospital admission rates decreased by 25%.'[/pullquote]UCLA researcher Nadereh Pourat, who conducted the pilot evaluation, said her team has just begun to analyze the impact on specific health conditions, such as blood pressure and congestive heart failure, as well as cost-effectiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their promise — or perhaps because of it — advocates say the transition from pilot programs to CalAIM will need to be watched carefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responsibility has now shifted from county health departments to health care plans, which don’t always meet quality benchmarks. And health care plans in the 33 counties that did not have pilots are starting from scratch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are serious concerns about Medi-Cal [health care] plans on the ground being able to implement some of the work necessary for CalAIM to really be effective and live up to its potential,” health policy expert Douglas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some cases, plans struggle to deliver quality care across what we think of as very basic measures: childhood immunizations, are people getting mammograms on time, just very basic preventive care and chronic disease management,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11905185\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11905185\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-10-CM_11.jpg\" alt=\"Two people sit at a table, handling paperwork. One person has their backed to the camera, the other one sits across from them.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-10-CM_11.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-10-CM_11-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-10-CM_11-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-10-CM_11-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alameda County intake specialist Annie Wyley meets with a Medi-Cal patient in the repurposed dining room at the Radisson Hotel in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Accountability is especially important for improving equity among communities of color, advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Communities of color are disproportionately impacted by these same factors: lack of housing, lack of income, lack of food security,” said Cary Sanders, senior policy director for the California Pan-Ethnic Health Network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health plans need to provide services that are “linguistically and culturally appropriate,” Sanders said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One critical piece of the pilot programs that was left out of CalAIM is legal aid. In counties that funded legal aid during the pilot programs, lawyers and paralegals were stationed in medical clinics to assist patients who needed help with benefit denials, eviction notices, immigration issues or domestic abuse cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frequently patients and even their doctors don’t realize that their issue could use the help of a lawyer, said Daniel Nesbit, managing attorney for medical legal partnerships with California Rural Legal Assistance. Nesbit said that during the pilot program in Monterey County his team helped 700 clients with more than 1,000 cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A really good example is someone struggling with some sort of medical condition, and it’s making it hard for them to go to work every day and do their job to the full extent,” Nesbit said. “They might not know, for example, that they have a possible right to a reasonable accommodation under the Americans with Disabilities Act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda and Contra Costa counties, which contracted with Bay Area Legal Aid to participate in the pilot, hired five additional attorneys dedicated to assisting Medi-Cal patients. The partnership helped reach people who ordinarily wouldn’t be able to access legal aid because their disability prevented them from attending an appointment or they didn’t have a phone number or an address. Case managers were able to link people to the attorneys, accounting for 300 referrals a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the pilot ended in December and state funding dried up, attorneys were reassigned and are no longer able to focus on Medi-Cal patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Diana Douglas, Health Access California\"]'There are serious concerns about Medi-Cal [health care] … being able to implement some of the work necessary for CalAIM to really be effective.'[/pullquote]“I’m still getting emails and phone calls from the case managers I worked with who I think are now kind of scrambling to figure out how to help,” said Abby Khodayari, an attorney who worked in Contra Costa County’s program. “Case managers are hoping to get help analyzing eviction notices and figuring out the validity of them. It’s hard not having dedicated time to be able to spend working on those issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While legal services aren’t explicitly named as one of 14 preapproved services under CalAIM, the Department of Health Care Services said health care plans could integrate them as part of supportive housing services, which are covered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But attorneys say it’s unlikely to happen unless plans get specific guarantees that CalAIM will cover the cost. They hope that subsequent phases of CalAIM will include legal aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There hasn’t been a health plan here in LA who’s come forward and said we want to offer these legal services,” said Gerson Sorto, a managing attorney with Neighborhood Legal Services of Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County has continued funding their partnership through the summer, but there’s no permanent money in sight. “As of today, there is no funding secured or confirmed beyond June 30,” Sorto said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Life under 'whole person care'\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Back at the Radisson Hotel in Oakland, the shelter where El is waiting patiently to move into his new apartment, he watches a home renovation show on the television. He likes to see how the hosts redesign the interior and gets ideas for his own future home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before losing his job, El lived in an apartment near Lake Merritt but hasn’t had a place to call his own in years. After he enrolled in Alameda County’s pilot program, things started turning around for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These people really respect you and help if you ask for it,” El said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the program is connecting Medi-Cal patients to peers with similar backgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='More Housing Coverage' tag='housing']“You can’t tell them ‘do this and do that.’ You walk alongside someone and support whatever they’ve got going on,” said Michael Webb, a CalAIM peer support navigator who experienced addiction and homelessness. “Most importantly,” he said, “[is] someone to listen. I might not have any answer at all but there’s power in listening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Down the hall from El’s room, shelter monitors are delivering lunch to residents who can’t make it to the dining room. Lunch is a chicken sandwich, banana, salad and a soda, but those with dietary restrictions or certain medical conditions like diabetes get tailored meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the CalAIM program, caretakers perform wellness checks on shelter residents with disabilities, helping them clean, bathe and use the restroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lobby, an intake worker asks a new guest about his seizure disorder and works to link him to his CalAIM team of health care providers, case workers and housing navigators. As the program grows, millions more Californians may benefit. On this day alone, the Oakland team expects to sign up eight new people.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California's first-of-its-kind Medi-Cal reform aims to help lower-income patients navigate problems like homelessness, poverty and substance abuse that can harm health.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1644967044,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":62,"wordCount":2840},"headData":{"title":"California Reformed Medi-Cal to Include 'Whole Person Care' — Is It Working? | KQED","description":"California's first-of-its-kind Medi-Cal reform aims to help lower-income patients navigate problems like homelessness, poverty and substance abuse that can harm health.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11905181 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11905181","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/02/15/california-reformed-medi-cal-to-include-whole-person-care-is-it-working/","disqusTitle":"California Reformed Medi-Cal to Include 'Whole Person Care' — Is It Working?","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/kristen-hwang/\">Kristen Hwang\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11905181/california-reformed-medi-cal-to-include-whole-person-care-is-it-working","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At 66, Edward El has a new lease on life — literally. In two weeks, he’ll move into his own apartment in Berkeley after spending the better part of the past 16 years unhoused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years ago, a back injury and pinched nerves in his legs made standing and walking painful, and he was laid off from his construction job. He ended up in “shelter after shelter after shelter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nine months ago, El moved into one of 12 Project Roomkey shelters in Alameda County designed to reduce COVID-19 among the unhoused population. He was connected with a housing navigator, a counselor and medical staff. They helped El apply for affordable housing and rental assistance vouchers, and coordinated with landlords who would give unhoused renters a chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11905186\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11905186\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-14-CM.jpg\" alt=\"A man, wearing a hoodie, beanie and a face mask, sits on a chair in an indoor space. He looks to the side, a bit away from the camera.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1025\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-14-CM.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-14-CM-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-14-CM-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-14-CM-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As Edward El prepares to move to a permanent home, he has enrolled in Medi-Cal. He said he couldn't have navigated the array of complex systems if it weren't for his new case management team. 'I'm happy. They knew about programs that I didn't know about that allowed me to get a place,' he said. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now El will pay a fraction of the cost to live in an area where one-bedroom apartments often exceed $3,000 per month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team also made sure that El was enrolled in Medi-Cal and had transportation to his doctor’s appointments. He said he couldn’t have navigated the array of complex systems if it weren’t for his new case management team. “I’m happy. They knew about programs that I didn’t know about that allowed me to get a place,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intensive case management like this is an example of the ambitious, sweeping changes California made to Medi-Cal beginning in January under an initiative it’s calling CalAIM, or California Advancing and Innovating Medi-Cal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medi-Cal \u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/publication/2021-edition-medi-cal-facts-figures/\">offers medical insurance to lower-income Californians\u003c/a>, serving as a lifeline for nearly half the state’s children, 1 in 5 adults and 2 million seniors and people with disabilities. But the program is inefficient: More than half of Medi-Cal’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/07/medi-cal-covid-vaccinations/\">roughly $133 billion annual budget is spent on just 5% of the program’s highest-needs individuals\u003c/a> — people with multiple complex health problems compounded by homelessness, poverty, substance abuse, mental illness or incarceration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/CalAIM/Documents/CalAIM-ECM-a11y.pdf\">according the Department of Health Care Services\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'I'm happy. They knew about programs that I didn't know about that allowed me to get a place.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Edward El, CalAIM beneficiary","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Over the next five years, CalAIM will seek to address the upstream drivers of deteriorating health — things like food insecurity and housing instability — in an effort to reduce costly emergency department visits, hospitalizations and nursing home stays. The program redesign is based on “whole person care” principles, which help people avoid situations that worsen their physical and mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was designed at the county level to identify very high-risk populations — oftentimes people who were coming to the emergency room five to 10 times a month.” said Erica Murray, president and CEO of the California Association of Public Hospitals and Health Systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his January budget, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2022-23/pdf/GovernorsBudget/4000.pdf\">Gov. Gavin Newsom proposed $8 billion over five years to implement the program\u003c/a>, about 6% of Medi-Cal’s total budget. Included are temporary payments to managed care plans to offer enhanced case management and other services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These so-called social determinants of health have not been historically covered by health insurance like Medi-Cal. Yet they have an outsized impact on people who often struggle with economic instability, poor nutrition, discrimination, violence and disproportionate exposure to polluted air and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of my patients calls it social deterrents to health,” said Alameda County Medical Director Dr. Kathleen Clanon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No other state has mounted such a comprehensive program that wraps in so many elements. The scale is unprecedented, too: Medi-Cal provides health insurance for more than 13 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11887815","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1233456190-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“This is a big deal. Not only is California taking the lead but also setting a precedent for potentially other states to follow it,” said Anthony Wright, executive director of Health Access California, a consumer advocate group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pilot programs in 25 counties helped get CalAIM off the ground. Roughly \u003ca href=\"https://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/Documents/PDF/2020/wholepersoncare-report-jan2020.pdf\">108,000 Medi-Cal patients were enrolled in county pilots\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/Documents/PDF/2020/First-Interim-Evaluation-CA-HHP-Report-sep2020.pdf\">15,000 in managed care pilots during a two-year period\u003c/a>, according to an early analysis by UCLA researchers. As a result of the success, federal officials granted a waiver allowing CalAIM to move forward for the next five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Placer County, David Norris, 67, was one of the patients who benefited from the experimental programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norris ended up in a homeless shelter after his mother, for whom he was a long-term caregiver, died. He earns $900 a month in Social Security and retirement, but it’s not enough for rent and living expenses. In April, an infected foot wound spread to the bone and cost Norris his left leg. Another infection resulted in more trips to the ER and subsequent surgeries. Several months later, a fight at the shelter ended in a shove, a fall and a broken right leg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His caseworker, Todd Perbetsky, helped him enroll in Medi-Cal, find a nursing home where he could recuperate and apply for a housing voucher. He’s now helping Norris find permanent housing after leaving the nursing home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are definitely people that are falling through the cracks,” Perbetsky said. “They may not meet the criteria of some programs. They may need linkage to services. They can have tons of barriers to even getting their CalFresh turned on or other benefits they qualify for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norris called Perbetsky a “hell of a godsend. If you don’t know the ins and outs, you just get spit out. You get absolutely no help at all. That’s where Todd … helps me and people like me navigate the waters and get all squared away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Creating a one-stop shop\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wraparound services aren’t new, but they haven’t always been easy to access, nor have they been directly connected to medical care. Walk through the wrong door and you might not get any help at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unhoused patient who suffers from addiction and mental health issues and has diabetes would have to approach three different county departments and a doctor to get all their needs addressed, and even then they’re likely to get lost in the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a little bit like if you needed to get ingredients for a meal and instead of just going to the supermarket, you had to go to different stores to get your proteins and your fruits and your grains and your vegetables. And at those stores, you had to pay with different cards and navigate different rules about what you could buy,” said Melora Simon, a senior strategist at the California Health Care Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11894981","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-1-1020x766.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>This fragmentation frequently causes barriers to health care and is one of the primary reasons the Department of Health Care Services is focused on reforming Medi-Cal under CalAIM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such barrier is making sure patients don’t get lost between systems that don’t traditionally talk to one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clanon, who also works as a physician in Alameda County, said a few years ago a pregnant, HIV-positive patient needed to begin HIV treatment but had left the usual encampment she stayed in and couldn’t be found. A nurse spent more than an hour calling local emergency departments, homeless shelters and case managers to see whether anyone had seen the patient, with no luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Had the system been integrated, Clanon’s patient would have been flagged as needing critical medical care any time she entered a homeless shelter, emergency department, substance abuse center or mental health facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CalAIM is trying to fix the problem of disparate systems of care both among and between different counties and among and between different parts of the health care system,” said Diana Douglas, a health policy expert with Health Access California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Accountability and missing pieces\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since 2016, California has dedicated more than $3 billion in state and federal funds to experiment with doing just that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years after launch, the pilots demonstrated “substantial evidence” of improved follow-up after hospitalization for mental illness, increased participation in substance abuse treatment and decreased use of emergency services, among other metrics, \u003ca href=\"https://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/Documents/PDF/2020/First-Interim-Evaluation-CA-HHP-Report-sep2020.pdf\">according to the UCLA analysis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Contra Costa County, more than 12,000 patients were enrolled in the pilot annually, and the county health department hired more than 100 public health nurses, mental health specialists, community health workers, homeless service specialists, substance abuse specialists and social workers to provide coordinated case management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of them were types of positions that existed in the county before, but they were very siloed,” said Emily Parmenter, the pilot’s program manager at Contra Costa County Health Services. “So we brought them all together in these multidisciplinary teams where they had a wealth of experience … and were able to provide case consultations across divisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medi-Cal patients who enrolled in the Contra Costa pilot experienced medical emergencies less frequently than nonenrolled patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that after being involved in the program for a year, our hospital admission rates decreased by 25% … and our [emergency department] rates were 14% lower compared to the control group,” Parmenter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We found that after being involved in the program for a year, our hospital admission rates decreased by 25%.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Emily Parmenter, Contra Costa Health Services","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>UCLA researcher Nadereh Pourat, who conducted the pilot evaluation, said her team has just begun to analyze the impact on specific health conditions, such as blood pressure and congestive heart failure, as well as cost-effectiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their promise — or perhaps because of it — advocates say the transition from pilot programs to CalAIM will need to be watched carefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responsibility has now shifted from county health departments to health care plans, which don’t always meet quality benchmarks. And health care plans in the 33 counties that did not have pilots are starting from scratch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are serious concerns about Medi-Cal [health care] plans on the ground being able to implement some of the work necessary for CalAIM to really be effective and live up to its potential,” health policy expert Douglas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some cases, plans struggle to deliver quality care across what we think of as very basic measures: childhood immunizations, are people getting mammograms on time, just very basic preventive care and chronic disease management,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11905185\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11905185\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-10-CM_11.jpg\" alt=\"Two people sit at a table, handling paperwork. One person has their backed to the camera, the other one sits across from them.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-10-CM_11.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-10-CM_11-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-10-CM_11-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/020922-CALAIM-MHN-10-CM_11-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alameda County intake specialist Annie Wyley meets with a Medi-Cal patient in the repurposed dining room at the Radisson Hotel in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Accountability is especially important for improving equity among communities of color, advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Communities of color are disproportionately impacted by these same factors: lack of housing, lack of income, lack of food security,” said Cary Sanders, senior policy director for the California Pan-Ethnic Health Network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health plans need to provide services that are “linguistically and culturally appropriate,” Sanders said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One critical piece of the pilot programs that was left out of CalAIM is legal aid. In counties that funded legal aid during the pilot programs, lawyers and paralegals were stationed in medical clinics to assist patients who needed help with benefit denials, eviction notices, immigration issues or domestic abuse cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frequently patients and even their doctors don’t realize that their issue could use the help of a lawyer, said Daniel Nesbit, managing attorney for medical legal partnerships with California Rural Legal Assistance. Nesbit said that during the pilot program in Monterey County his team helped 700 clients with more than 1,000 cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A really good example is someone struggling with some sort of medical condition, and it’s making it hard for them to go to work every day and do their job to the full extent,” Nesbit said. “They might not know, for example, that they have a possible right to a reasonable accommodation under the Americans with Disabilities Act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda and Contra Costa counties, which contracted with Bay Area Legal Aid to participate in the pilot, hired five additional attorneys dedicated to assisting Medi-Cal patients. The partnership helped reach people who ordinarily wouldn’t be able to access legal aid because their disability prevented them from attending an appointment or they didn’t have a phone number or an address. Case managers were able to link people to the attorneys, accounting for 300 referrals a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the pilot ended in December and state funding dried up, attorneys were reassigned and are no longer able to focus on Medi-Cal patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'There are serious concerns about Medi-Cal [health care] … being able to implement some of the work necessary for CalAIM to really be effective.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Diana Douglas, Health Access California","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I’m still getting emails and phone calls from the case managers I worked with who I think are now kind of scrambling to figure out how to help,” said Abby Khodayari, an attorney who worked in Contra Costa County’s program. “Case managers are hoping to get help analyzing eviction notices and figuring out the validity of them. It’s hard not having dedicated time to be able to spend working on those issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While legal services aren’t explicitly named as one of 14 preapproved services under CalAIM, the Department of Health Care Services said health care plans could integrate them as part of supportive housing services, which are covered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But attorneys say it’s unlikely to happen unless plans get specific guarantees that CalAIM will cover the cost. They hope that subsequent phases of CalAIM will include legal aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There hasn’t been a health plan here in LA who’s come forward and said we want to offer these legal services,” said Gerson Sorto, a managing attorney with Neighborhood Legal Services of Los Angeles County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County has continued funding their partnership through the summer, but there’s no permanent money in sight. “As of today, there is no funding secured or confirmed beyond June 30,” Sorto said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Life under 'whole person care'\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Back at the Radisson Hotel in Oakland, the shelter where El is waiting patiently to move into his new apartment, he watches a home renovation show on the television. He likes to see how the hosts redesign the interior and gets ideas for his own future home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before losing his job, El lived in an apartment near Lake Merritt but hasn’t had a place to call his own in years. After he enrolled in Alameda County’s pilot program, things started turning around for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These people really respect you and help if you ask for it,” El said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the program is connecting Medi-Cal patients to peers with similar backgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Housing Coverage ","tag":"housing"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“You can’t tell them ‘do this and do that.’ You walk alongside someone and support whatever they’ve got going on,” said Michael Webb, a CalAIM peer support navigator who experienced addiction and homelessness. “Most importantly,” he said, “[is] someone to listen. I might not have any answer at all but there’s power in listening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Down the hall from El’s room, shelter monitors are delivering lunch to residents who can’t make it to the dining room. Lunch is a chicken sandwich, banana, salad and a soda, but those with dietary restrictions or certain medical conditions like diabetes get tailored meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the CalAIM program, caretakers perform wellness checks on shelter residents with disabilities, helping them clean, bathe and use the restroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lobby, an intake worker asks a new guest about his seizure disorder and works to link him to his CalAIM team of health care providers, case workers and housing navigators. As the program grows, millions more Californians may benefit. On this day alone, the Oakland team expects to sign up eight new people.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11905181/california-reformed-medi-cal-to-include-whole-person-care-is-it-working","authors":["byline_news_11905181"],"categories":["news_457","news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_260","news_30670","news_25676","news_1467","news_16","news_20277","news_20305","news_22903","news_5259","news_4020","news_1775","news_2605","news_28146","news_30671"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11905187","label":"news_18481"},"news_11858254":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11858254","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11858254","score":null,"sort":[1612379434000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"san-francisco-opens-first-navigation-center-for-homeless-young-adults","title":"San Francisco Opens First Navigation Center for Homeless Young Adults","publishDate":1612379434,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>San Francisco officials on Wednesday unveiled the city's first multiservice homeless shelter for young adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lower Polk TAY Navigation Center, located at 700 Hyde Street, will eventually offer 75 beds to young people ages 18-24, known as \"Transitional Age Youth.\" Due to COVID-19-related restrictions, however, it will initially only fill 43 beds, with the first guests set to arrive next week, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://hsh.sfgov.org/services/shelter/navigation-centers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Navigation centers\u003c/a> have a lower barrier to entry than other kinds of homeless shelters, allowing guests to bring in pets and cohabitate with partners. There's no curfew or set meal times, and the site is staffed 24 hours a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor London Breed said the new center is part of the city’s strategy to end youth homelessness. Breed launched a campaign in 2018, called \u003ca href=\"https://risingupsf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rising Up\u003c/a>, to raise $35 million that will provide rental assistance and other support to youth after they leave the shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11858492\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11858492 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1282\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1536x1026.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed at Wednesday's unveiling ceremony for the Lower Polk TAY Navigation Center, the first in the city to serve homeless young adults. \u003ccite>(Anna Vignet/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"This is hope for a better future for young folks here in SF,\" Breed said. \"If you want an opportunity, you should be able to have one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"homeless-youth\"]According to the city's \u003ca href=\"https://hsh.sfgov.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/2019HIRDReport_SanFrancisco_FinalDraft-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">biennial survey of homeless residents\u003c/a>, there were 1,091 18-to-24-year-olds experiencing homelessness in San Francisco on any given night in 2019. That's nearly 14% of the city's total homeless population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of those young people who were homeless, about 83% spent their nights outdoors, in tents, cars or RVs, the survey found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While 15% of San Francisco's general population is Latinx, 27% of its homeless youth identify as such, according to the survey. Similarly, it found that 24% of all homeless youth are Black, even though Black residents make up less than 6% of the city's total population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey also found that nearly half of all homeless youth identified as LGBTQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new navigation center \"prioritizes improving outcomes for the city's most vulnerable youth,\" Abigail Stewart-Kahn, the interim director of San Francisco's Department of Homeless and Supportive Housing, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11858521\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11858521 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1-1536x1026.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1-2048x1368.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new navigation center will open its doors to as many as 43 young adults starting next week.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The 3rd Street Youth Center & Clinic will manage the new navigation center, providing health services and help with accessing public benefits, mentoring, paid career training and housing assistance. The nonprofit Success Centers will also help guests complete or continue their education and find and retain employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both are Black-led organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just different,\" said Joi Jackson-Morgan, the executive director of 3rd Street Youth. \"There’s a cultural aspect that we’re hoping to bring to these services that will help folks of color, and black people in particular, get on track.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]In addition to dormitories, the three-story building will include community and dining spaces, meeting rooms, clinic space, a laundry area and an outdoor lounge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson-Morgan said young adults experiencing homelessness informed the design of the space, and as a result, the idea was to make the shelter feel a bit like a college dorm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like that work study vibe,\" she said. \"We're just trying to give them a piece of adulthood and what it would be like to be on a college campus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Lower Polk TAY Navigation Center on Hyde Street will offer shelter and support services to up to 75 young homeless adults, ages 18-24.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1612472620,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":585},"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Opens First Navigation Center for Homeless Young Adults | KQED","description":"The Lower Polk TAY Navigation Center on Hyde Street will offer shelter and support services to up to 75 young homeless adults, ages 18-24.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11858254 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11858254","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/02/03/san-francisco-opens-first-navigation-center-for-homeless-young-adults/","disqusTitle":"San Francisco Opens First Navigation Center for Homeless Young Adults","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/eb5cb9e8-5800-4d76-8896-acc50131adbb/audio.mp3","path":"/news/11858254/san-francisco-opens-first-navigation-center-for-homeless-young-adults","audioDuration":121000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco officials on Wednesday unveiled the city's first multiservice homeless shelter for young adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lower Polk TAY Navigation Center, located at 700 Hyde Street, will eventually offer 75 beds to young people ages 18-24, known as \"Transitional Age Youth.\" Due to COVID-19-related restrictions, however, it will initially only fill 43 beds, with the first guests set to arrive next week, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://hsh.sfgov.org/services/shelter/navigation-centers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Navigation centers\u003c/a> have a lower barrier to entry than other kinds of homeless shelters, allowing guests to bring in pets and cohabitate with partners. There's no curfew or set meal times, and the site is staffed 24 hours a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor London Breed said the new center is part of the city’s strategy to end youth homelessness. Breed launched a campaign in 2018, called \u003ca href=\"https://risingupsf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rising Up\u003c/a>, to raise $35 million that will provide rental assistance and other support to youth after they leave the shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11858492\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11858492 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1282\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1536x1026.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed at Wednesday's unveiling ceremony for the Lower Polk TAY Navigation Center, the first in the city to serve homeless young adults. \u003ccite>(Anna Vignet/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"This is hope for a better future for young folks here in SF,\" Breed said. \"If you want an opportunity, you should be able to have one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related coverage ","tag":"homeless-youth"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>According to the city's \u003ca href=\"https://hsh.sfgov.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/2019HIRDReport_SanFrancisco_FinalDraft-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">biennial survey of homeless residents\u003c/a>, there were 1,091 18-to-24-year-olds experiencing homelessness in San Francisco on any given night in 2019. That's nearly 14% of the city's total homeless population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of those young people who were homeless, about 83% spent their nights outdoors, in tents, cars or RVs, the survey found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While 15% of San Francisco's general population is Latinx, 27% of its homeless youth identify as such, according to the survey. Similarly, it found that 24% of all homeless youth are Black, even though Black residents make up less than 6% of the city's total population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey also found that nearly half of all homeless youth identified as LGBTQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new navigation center \"prioritizes improving outcomes for the city's most vulnerable youth,\" Abigail Stewart-Kahn, the interim director of San Francisco's Department of Homeless and Supportive Housing, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11858521\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11858521 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1-1536x1026.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1-2048x1368.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/KQED_SF_NavCenter_02032021-2-1-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new navigation center will open its doors to as many as 43 young adults starting next week.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The 3rd Street Youth Center & Clinic will manage the new navigation center, providing health services and help with accessing public benefits, mentoring, paid career training and housing assistance. The nonprofit Success Centers will also help guests complete or continue their education and find and retain employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both are Black-led organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just different,\" said Joi Jackson-Morgan, the executive director of 3rd Street Youth. \"There’s a cultural aspect that we’re hoping to bring to these services that will help folks of color, and black people in particular, get on track.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In addition to dormitories, the three-story building will include community and dining spaces, meeting rooms, clinic space, a laundry area and an outdoor lounge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson-Morgan said young adults experiencing homelessness informed the design of the space, and as a result, the idea was to make the shelter feel a bit like a college dorm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like that work study vibe,\" she said. \"We're just trying to give them a piece of adulthood and what it would be like to be on a college campus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11858254/san-francisco-opens-first-navigation-center-for-homeless-young-adults","authors":["11652"],"categories":["news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_3921","news_27626","news_20305","news_22903","news_5259","news_20225","news_1775","news_18229","news_38"],"featImg":"news_11858518","label":"news"},"news_11820967":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11820967","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11820967","score":null,"sort":[1590601911000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"deaths-of-homeless-people-spike-in-san-francisco","title":"Deaths of Homeless People Spike in San Francisco","publishDate":1590601911,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>San Francisco public health officials are reporting an alarming increase in the number of homeless people who died this spring but said the increase is not directly caused by COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, they said the deaths are more likely due to overdoses from fentanyl and indirect impacts from the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Department of Public Health reported Tuesday that 48 people experiencing homelessness died between March 30 and May 24. That’s up from 14 during the same time period in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a May 26 statement, officials noted that while at least two people tested positive for COVID-19 near the time of their death, the virus was not the likely reason, and it will take several months to confirm the actual cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Barry Zevin, medical director of street medicine and shelter health for the Department of Public Health, told KQED that it’s more likely the deaths reflect a trend of increasing fatal drug overdoses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We've had fentanyl in San Francisco for the last year or two and month by month increasing numbers of overdose related to fentanyl in the drug supply,” Zevin said. “It's not surprising. Every city in the United States that has seen increases in fentanyl has seen increases in deaths.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zevin speculated that the aggressive actions San Francisco took to fight the spread of the coronavirus among homeless people may have indirectly contributed to the increase in deaths by disrupting people’s routines and services they receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11801547\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11801547\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41022_036_KQED_EmbarcaderoNavigationCenter_01302020_7967-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41022_036_KQED_EmbarcaderoNavigationCenter_01302020_7967-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41022_036_KQED_EmbarcaderoNavigationCenter_01302020_7967-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41022_036_KQED_EmbarcaderoNavigationCenter_01302020_7967-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41022_036_KQED_EmbarcaderoNavigationCenter_01302020_7967-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The covered entrance to the Embarcadero navigation center. All guests have to be brought in by the Homeless Outreach Team — walk-ins aren't allowed. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To meet social distancing measures, San Francisco shelters and service providers were forced to drastically reduce capacity. Many shelters have also stopped accepting new clients. The city’s largest shelter, MSC-South, was evacuated last month after more than 100 residents and staff tested positive for COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all operating at a very diminished capacity,” said Kyriell Noon, chief impact officer at the Glide Foundation, a homeless and low-income service provider in the Tenderloin neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noon said the pandemic has only highlighted the risks of living on the streets. And with shelters and organizations paring down services, he said, “The data is sobering, but not surprising.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco health officials think the disruption may have resulted in fewer people seeking medical care and more dying out of sight of others, who might have called for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just confirms our worst fears,” said Jennifer Friedenbach, executive director of the Coalition on Homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"More coronavirus coverage\" tag=\"coronavirus\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With coffee shops, gyms and libraries closed due to the city’s shelter-in-place measures, Friedenbach said homeless people have been cut off from resources they depend on for survival. Just having a place to charge your phone safely could be a lifesaver during a medical emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedenbach believes the numbers of homeless deaths are still an undercount. She wants the city to provide more COVID-19 testing to unsheltered people and act faster to house them in available hotel rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that we have thousands of hotel rooms empty and people are dying on the streets is a travesty,” Friedenbach said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, San Francisco has moved more than 1,200 homeless people into hotel rooms during the pandemic, but only people who have tested positive, are older or have underlying health conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, more tent encampments have sprung up, especially in the city’s Tenderloin neighborhood, which saw a 285% increase during the pandemic. Earlier this month, a group of residents and businesses, including UC Hastings College of the Law, filed a federal lawsuit demanding the city address worsening conditions in the neighborhood. Soon after, the city unveiled a plan that included moving people to sanctioned camping sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health data showed most of the deaths this spring were of unsheltered people living on the streets. Five occurred in shelter-in-place hotels, and at least three of those were likely from drug overdoses. A higher concentration of deaths were centered in the Tenderloin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s tragic,” said San Francisco Supervisor Matt Haney, whose district includes the Tenderloin. “I believe many of these deaths were preventable. This pandemic creates dangerous, even deadly, conditions for people who cannot shelter in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the outbreak at MSC-South, two of the people who died recently were tested for COVID-19 and were found to be positive. But officials say the two seem to have died from other causes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's certainly not what I was expecting,” Zevin said. “I was expecting a tidal wave. I had every reason to think that we would be mourning many, many people experiencing homelessness who died of COVID-19, but we've had very few get sick and vanishingly few, if any, who died.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Deaths of homeless people in San Francisco this spring jumped to 48 from 14 deaths last year during the same period.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1590623407,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":842},"headData":{"title":"Deaths of Homeless People Spike in San Francisco | KQED","description":"Deaths of homeless people in San Francisco this spring jumped to 48 from 14 deaths last year during the same period.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11820967 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11820967","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/05/27/deaths-of-homeless-people-spike-in-san-francisco/","disqusTitle":"Deaths of Homeless People Spike in San Francisco","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2020/05/SmallHomelessDeaths2.mp3","path":"/news/11820967/deaths-of-homeless-people-spike-in-san-francisco","audioDuration":65000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco public health officials are reporting an alarming increase in the number of homeless people who died this spring but said the increase is not directly caused by COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, they said the deaths are more likely due to overdoses from fentanyl and indirect impacts from the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Department of Public Health reported Tuesday that 48 people experiencing homelessness died between March 30 and May 24. That’s up from 14 during the same time period in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a May 26 statement, officials noted that while at least two people tested positive for COVID-19 near the time of their death, the virus was not the likely reason, and it will take several months to confirm the actual cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Barry Zevin, medical director of street medicine and shelter health for the Department of Public Health, told KQED that it’s more likely the deaths reflect a trend of increasing fatal drug overdoses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We've had fentanyl in San Francisco for the last year or two and month by month increasing numbers of overdose related to fentanyl in the drug supply,” Zevin said. “It's not surprising. Every city in the United States that has seen increases in fentanyl has seen increases in deaths.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zevin speculated that the aggressive actions San Francisco took to fight the spread of the coronavirus among homeless people may have indirectly contributed to the increase in deaths by disrupting people’s routines and services they receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11801547\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11801547\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41022_036_KQED_EmbarcaderoNavigationCenter_01302020_7967-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41022_036_KQED_EmbarcaderoNavigationCenter_01302020_7967-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41022_036_KQED_EmbarcaderoNavigationCenter_01302020_7967-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41022_036_KQED_EmbarcaderoNavigationCenter_01302020_7967-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41022_036_KQED_EmbarcaderoNavigationCenter_01302020_7967-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The covered entrance to the Embarcadero navigation center. All guests have to be brought in by the Homeless Outreach Team — walk-ins aren't allowed. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To meet social distancing measures, San Francisco shelters and service providers were forced to drastically reduce capacity. Many shelters have also stopped accepting new clients. The city’s largest shelter, MSC-South, was evacuated last month after more than 100 residents and staff tested positive for COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all operating at a very diminished capacity,” said Kyriell Noon, chief impact officer at the Glide Foundation, a homeless and low-income service provider in the Tenderloin neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noon said the pandemic has only highlighted the risks of living on the streets. And with shelters and organizations paring down services, he said, “The data is sobering, but not surprising.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco health officials think the disruption may have resulted in fewer people seeking medical care and more dying out of sight of others, who might have called for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just confirms our worst fears,” said Jennifer Friedenbach, executive director of the Coalition on Homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More coronavirus coverage ","tag":"coronavirus"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With coffee shops, gyms and libraries closed due to the city’s shelter-in-place measures, Friedenbach said homeless people have been cut off from resources they depend on for survival. Just having a place to charge your phone safely could be a lifesaver during a medical emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedenbach believes the numbers of homeless deaths are still an undercount. She wants the city to provide more COVID-19 testing to unsheltered people and act faster to house them in available hotel rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that we have thousands of hotel rooms empty and people are dying on the streets is a travesty,” Friedenbach said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, San Francisco has moved more than 1,200 homeless people into hotel rooms during the pandemic, but only people who have tested positive, are older or have underlying health conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, more tent encampments have sprung up, especially in the city’s Tenderloin neighborhood, which saw a 285% increase during the pandemic. Earlier this month, a group of residents and businesses, including UC Hastings College of the Law, filed a federal lawsuit demanding the city address worsening conditions in the neighborhood. Soon after, the city unveiled a plan that included moving people to sanctioned camping sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health data showed most of the deaths this spring were of unsheltered people living on the streets. Five occurred in shelter-in-place hotels, and at least three of those were likely from drug overdoses. A higher concentration of deaths were centered in the Tenderloin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s tragic,” said San Francisco Supervisor Matt Haney, whose district includes the Tenderloin. “I believe many of these deaths were preventable. This pandemic creates dangerous, even deadly, conditions for people who cannot shelter in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the outbreak at MSC-South, two of the people who died recently were tested for COVID-19 and were found to be positive. But officials say the two seem to have died from other causes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's certainly not what I was expecting,” Zevin said. “I was expecting a tidal wave. I had every reason to think that we would be mourning many, many people experiencing homelessness who died of COVID-19, but we've had very few get sick and vanishingly few, if any, who died.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11820967/deaths-of-homeless-people-spike-in-san-francisco","authors":["6625","11651"],"categories":["news_457","news_6266","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_27350","news_27646","news_27504","news_28005","news_27626","news_28020","news_5259","news_4020","news_27660","news_38"],"featImg":"news_11821000","label":"news"},"news_11812665":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11812665","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11812665","score":null,"sort":[1587164599000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-homeless-census-count-was-difficult-before-covid-19-now-its-a-feat","title":"The Homeless Census Count Was Difficult Before COVID-19 — Now It’s a Feat","publishDate":1587164599,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Homeless people are among the hardest to count for the U.S. Census Bureau. Now that COVID-19 has restricted normal operations, some Bay Area groups are still working to spread the word while sheltering in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose-based nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://streetsteam.org/index\">Downtown Streets Team\u003c/a> is trying to ensure Bay Area homeless people get counted this year. The nonprofit had initially planned to canvas encampments and talk to people face to face. But once COVID-19 hit, those plans went out the window. The organization is now relying on their outreach workers, who are often homeless themselves, to spread the word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denise Del Rio is one of those volunteers. She became homeless two years ago after losing her mom to lung cancer and her house to a cheating boyfriend. She's 59 years old, has congestive heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension, a type of hypertension that affects her lungs and heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She now lives in a white van that she parks in Hayward. She keeps her distance and wears a mask while doing outreach work, but it's still scary. \"I get frightened, but I pray a lot,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downtown Streets provides Del Rio with a weekly basic needs stipend for the census work she's doing. She has a network of friends and acquaintances she's been reaching out to, but the census is not an easy sell. It's not that people are worried about the pandemic — Del Rio calls people on the phone and encourages them to use the phone or to fill out the survey online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The first question is, 'What do I get out of it?' And I'm like, 'Well, I can give you a coffee or we could go to 7/11 and get something to eat, but the main function is to get your count,' \" Del Rio said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downtown Streets has a contract with United Way Bay Area to facilitate the count among this historically undercounted group. The nonprofit has five volunteers, including Del Rio, working in Hayward. They have applied for grants to do work in six more cities — including San Jose, San Francisco and Berkeley — but they won't hear back about those grants until April 27.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiana Smith, Downtown Streets Team lead for the census, believes the team is doing the best they can under the circumstances, but they're still missing people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1080\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://arcg.is/1vGfia\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\"Well, some people don't have cellphones, so we can't reach them by a text message or a phone call,\" Smith said. \"People who are in those hard-to-reach places, if it's under the bridge or in an encampment somewhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Complete Count Census 2020 office is spending $187.2 million on outreach and communications. They're working with 120 organizations to reach hard-to-count groups, including seniors, people with disabilities and immigrant communities. Homebase is one of those organizations, focusing on the homeless count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessie Hewins, \u003ca href=\"https://www.homebaseccc.org/\">Homebase's\u003c/a> managing attorney, said the San Francisco-based nonprofit was among the groups working to provide accessible self-response census kiosks that would be stationed in libraries and community centers for anyone to use. But now that shelter-in-place orders have prohibited face-to-face interactions, those plans are on hold for now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The COVID-19 outbreak has really thrown a wrench in a lot of the preparation that was going on,\" Hewins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homebase has been coordinating outreach efforts within shelters, food banks and other homeless service organizations, but it's not anywhere near the effort the nonprofit was planning to roll out by now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"census\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Census Bureau has pushed back some deadlines for data collection. The self-response period has been extended from \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2020/statement-covid-19-2020.html\">July 31 to Oct. 31\u003c/a>. But the deadline to count people experiencing homelessness outdoors hasn't been set yet. The Census Bureau says that schedule needs \u003ca href=\"https://2020census.gov/en/news-events/operational-adjustments-covid-19.html\">\"further review.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because all of that is on hold right now and those person-to-person interactions aren't happening,\" Hewin said. \"We're kinda waiting to see when some of that will get pushed back to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hewins said it's difficult to plan outreach efforts when she's not getting clear guidance from the Census Bureau on what outreach is permitted right now. And while the census is important, organizations like hers have their plates full with matters of greater urgency: They're trying to move homeless people off the streets and from congested shelters into temporary housing and hotel rooms. They're also trying to identify and protect the immunocompromised within homeless groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everybody is just doing their best to change course,\" Hewins said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Now that COVID-19 has restricted normal operations, some Bay Area groups are still working to spread the word while sheltering in place.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1587416928,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":779},"headData":{"title":"The Homeless Census Count Was Difficult Before COVID-19 — Now It’s a Feat | KQED","description":"Now that COVID-19 has restricted normal operations, some Bay Area groups are still working to spread the word while sheltering in place.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11812665 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11812665","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/04/17/the-homeless-census-count-was-difficult-before-covid-19-now-its-a-feat/","disqusTitle":"The Homeless Census Count Was Difficult Before COVID-19 — Now It’s a Feat","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/dd6b64f2-888a-4a80-85a2-aba3012e6566/audio.mp3","path":"/news/11812665/the-homeless-census-count-was-difficult-before-covid-19-now-its-a-feat","audioDuration":195000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Homeless people are among the hardest to count for the U.S. Census Bureau. Now that COVID-19 has restricted normal operations, some Bay Area groups are still working to spread the word while sheltering in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose-based nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://streetsteam.org/index\">Downtown Streets Team\u003c/a> is trying to ensure Bay Area homeless people get counted this year. The nonprofit had initially planned to canvas encampments and talk to people face to face. But once COVID-19 hit, those plans went out the window. The organization is now relying on their outreach workers, who are often homeless themselves, to spread the word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denise Del Rio is one of those volunteers. She became homeless two years ago after losing her mom to lung cancer and her house to a cheating boyfriend. She's 59 years old, has congestive heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension, a type of hypertension that affects her lungs and heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She now lives in a white van that she parks in Hayward. She keeps her distance and wears a mask while doing outreach work, but it's still scary. \"I get frightened, but I pray a lot,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downtown Streets provides Del Rio with a weekly basic needs stipend for the census work she's doing. She has a network of friends and acquaintances she's been reaching out to, but the census is not an easy sell. It's not that people are worried about the pandemic — Del Rio calls people on the phone and encourages them to use the phone or to fill out the survey online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The first question is, 'What do I get out of it?' And I'm like, 'Well, I can give you a coffee or we could go to 7/11 and get something to eat, but the main function is to get your count,' \" Del Rio said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downtown Streets has a contract with United Way Bay Area to facilitate the count among this historically undercounted group. The nonprofit has five volunteers, including Del Rio, working in Hayward. They have applied for grants to do work in six more cities — including San Jose, San Francisco and Berkeley — but they won't hear back about those grants until April 27.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiana Smith, Downtown Streets Team lead for the census, believes the team is doing the best they can under the circumstances, but they're still missing people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1080\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://arcg.is/1vGfia\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\"Well, some people don't have cellphones, so we can't reach them by a text message or a phone call,\" Smith said. \"People who are in those hard-to-reach places, if it's under the bridge or in an encampment somewhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Complete Count Census 2020 office is spending $187.2 million on outreach and communications. They're working with 120 organizations to reach hard-to-count groups, including seniors, people with disabilities and immigrant communities. Homebase is one of those organizations, focusing on the homeless count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessie Hewins, \u003ca href=\"https://www.homebaseccc.org/\">Homebase's\u003c/a> managing attorney, said the San Francisco-based nonprofit was among the groups working to provide accessible self-response census kiosks that would be stationed in libraries and community centers for anyone to use. But now that shelter-in-place orders have prohibited face-to-face interactions, those plans are on hold for now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The COVID-19 outbreak has really thrown a wrench in a lot of the preparation that was going on,\" Hewins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homebase has been coordinating outreach efforts within shelters, food banks and other homeless service organizations, but it's not anywhere near the effort the nonprofit was planning to roll out by now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"census","label":"Related Coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Census Bureau has pushed back some deadlines for data collection. The self-response period has been extended from \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2020/statement-covid-19-2020.html\">July 31 to Oct. 31\u003c/a>. But the deadline to count people experiencing homelessness outdoors hasn't been set yet. The Census Bureau says that schedule needs \u003ca href=\"https://2020census.gov/en/news-events/operational-adjustments-covid-19.html\">\"further review.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because all of that is on hold right now and those person-to-person interactions aren't happening,\" Hewin said. \"We're kinda waiting to see when some of that will get pushed back to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hewins said it's difficult to plan outreach efforts when she's not getting clear guidance from the Census Bureau on what outreach is permitted right now. And while the census is important, organizations like hers have their plates full with matters of greater urgency: They're trying to move homeless people off the streets and from congested shelters into temporary housing and hotel rooms. They're also trying to identify and protect the immunocompromised within homeless groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everybody is just doing their best to change course,\" Hewins said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11812665/the-homeless-census-count-was-difficult-before-covid-19-now-its-a-feat","authors":["11672"],"categories":["news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_26244","news_27510","news_997","news_5758","news_20305","news_25740","news_21214","news_5259","news_18","news_38","news_26292","news_18541","news_994"],"featImg":"news_11812754","label":"news"},"news_11790949":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11790949","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11790949","score":null,"sort":[1576267453000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"that-sinking-feeling","title":"That Sinking Feeling . . .","publishDate":1576267453,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Mark Fiore: Drawn to the Bay | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18515,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Oakland City Council \u003cdel>Captain\u003c/del> President Rebecca Kaplan's plan to \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorehomelesscruise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">use a cruise ship to house homeless people\u003c/a> was called \"untenable\" by Port of Oakland officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While I love the idea of instantly housing 1,000 homeless people, it seems like the cruise ship idea might cause more problems than it solves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There must be a better way to deal with homelessness in Oakland than by housing people in a floating facility known for swim-up bars and casinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Oakland City Council President Rebecca Kaplan's plan to use a cruise ship to house homeless people was called 'untenable' by Port of Oakland officials.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1576267453,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":81},"headData":{"title":"That Sinking Feeling . . . | KQED","description":"Oakland City Council President Rebecca Kaplan's plan to use a cruise ship to house homeless people was called 'untenable' by Port of Oakland officials.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11790949 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11790949","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/13/that-sinking-feeling/","disqusTitle":"That Sinking Feeling . . .","path":"/news/11790949/that-sinking-feeling","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Oakland City Council \u003cdel>Captain\u003c/del> President Rebecca Kaplan's plan to \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorehomelesscruise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">use a cruise ship to house homeless people\u003c/a> was called \"untenable\" by Port of Oakland officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While I love the idea of instantly housing 1,000 homeless people, it seems like the cruise ship idea might cause more problems than it solves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There must be a better way to deal with homelessness in Oakland than by housing people in a floating facility known for swim-up bars and casinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11790949/that-sinking-feeling","authors":["3236"],"series":["news_18515"],"categories":["news_1758","news_6266","news_13"],"tags":["news_27156","news_5259","news_4020","news_20949","news_18","news_2045","news_24145"],"featImg":"news_11791136","label":"news_18515"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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