After the Deluge: Floods May Taint More Drinking Water in California
State Audit: California Too Slow to Fix Unsafe Tap Water for More Than 900,000 Residents
Bay Area: Do You Know Where Your Water Comes From?
How Should We Be Thinking About A Hotter, Drier Future? (Transcript)
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Is Help on the Way for Californians With Tainted Water?
California's Water Wars Continue
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Fiore has received two awards for his work in new media from the National Cartoonists Society (2001, 2002), and in 2006 received The James Madison Freedom of Information Award from The Society of Professional Journalists.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"MarkFiore","facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/markfiore/?hl=en","linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Mark Fiore | KQED","description":"KQED News Cartoonist","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/markfiore"},"dgorn":{"type":"authors","id":"8656","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"8656","found":true},"name":"David Gorn","firstName":"David","lastName":"Gorn","slug":"dgorn","email":"dgorn@sbcglobal.net","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"David Gorn is the former Deputy News Director of KQED Radio. His public radio pieces have appeared on NPR, the World, Marketplace and the California Report.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/79417fe15fb540a8a1edb0aadefee19b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"David Gorn | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/79417fe15fb540a8a1edb0aadefee19b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/79417fe15fb540a8a1edb0aadefee19b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/dgorn"},"scraig":{"type":"authors","id":"11327","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11327","found":true},"name":"Sarah Craig","firstName":"Sarah","lastName":"Craig","slug":"scraig","email":"scraig@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Sarah Craig is a freelance radio reporter and documentary photographer. She is currently working on \u003cem>Dreams of Dust\u003c/em>, @dreamsofdust, a multimedia project that documents stories of climate migration in California’s Central Valley, previously funded by the California Humanities. Her completed projects include \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.facesoffracking.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Faces of Fracking\u003c/a>,\u003c/em> an investigation into the impact of fracking on the people and places of California, and \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://sarahcraig.visura.co/gulf-disaster-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">The Gulf Disaster\u003c/a>,\u003c/em> stories on the lives of fishermen in the aftermath of the BP spill. Her work has been published by Marketplace, KQED's Bay Curious and Q'ed Up podcasts, KQED's California Report Magazine, KALW's Crosscurrents, Grist.org, High Country News, Earth Island Journal, and others. Sarah received a B.A. in Geography at Vassar College and attended the \u003ca href=\"http://www.salt.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Salt Institute of Documentary Studies\u003c/a> in Portland, ME. She recently received an Excellence in Journalism Award from the NorCal Society of Professional Journalists for her documentary radio piece, \u003ca href=\"http://kalw.org/post/215-will-water-come#stream/0\">\"Will the Water Come.\"\u003c/a> Email: scraig@kqed.org Twitter: @sarahcraigmedia Website: sarahcraigmedia.com","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/97f17950c828429d3df9f2907412a50b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sarah Craig | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/97f17950c828429d3df9f2907412a50b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/97f17950c828429d3df9f2907412a50b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/scraig"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11947248":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11947248","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11947248","score":null,"sort":[1682036888000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"after-the-deluge-floods-may-taint-more-drinking-water-in-california","title":"After the Deluge: Floods May Taint More Drinking Water in California","publishDate":1682036888,"format":"standard","headTitle":"After the Deluge: Floods May Taint More Drinking Water in California | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>When Kelli and Tim Hutten made an offer on a house in the quiet Monterey County town of Moss Landing last summer, they looked forward to mild weather, coastal views, trails along nearby wetlands and being a bit closer to family. Unfortunately, the Huttens also knew that something wasn’t right with the neighborhood’s groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew there were water contamination issues,” Kelli Hutten said. “During escrow we did as much research as we could, but there’s a lot to learn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time they moved in with their newborn baby, the details were clear: Their private well water contained five times the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations\">federal government’s limit for nitrate\u003c/a>, which usually leaches from farms. The Huttens immediately signed up for \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/grants_loans/caa/\">delivery of drinking water, paid for by a state program\u003c/a>, and installed a filtration system. Nitrate in water can cause a dangerous circulatory condition in infants called blue baby syndrome, and it has been linked to cancer, too.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Patrick Pulupa, executive officer, Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board\"]‘We don’t know whether a lot of recharge on these lands will make (nitrate contamination) worse or push it out.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Huttens’ community in the Salinas Valley, one of the nation’s most productive farm areas, is just one of many towns in California plagued by nitrate contamination of drinking water. For decades, high levels have \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/nitrate_project/\">contaminated groundwater basins throughout the state\u003c/a> — especially in disadvantaged farm communities in the San Joaquin and Salinas valleys — as well as much of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2023/04/california-flooding-farms/\">this year’s heavy rains\u003c/a> may worsen this widespread contamination as fertilizer from crops and orchards and manure from ranches and dairy farms are flushed into underground water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In agricultural regions, decades’ worth of fertilizers applied to orchards and row crops, and tons of cow manure stored in ponds, releases nitrogen into the ground. As much as 40% of nitrogen in fertilizer may eventually enter groundwater supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of households have wells contaminated with nitrate. For public water systems, about \u003ca href=\"https://ucanr.edu/sites/groundwaternitrate/files/138956.pdf\">1 in every 10 water samples collected from 20,000 wells in the Tulare Lake Basin and the Salinas Valley exceeded the drinking water standard for nitrate (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to a 2012 UC Davis report to state officials. But the full scope of the problem is unknown, partly because \u003ca href=\"https://californiawaterblog.com/2017/09/17/groundwater-nitrate-sources-and-contamination-in-the-central-valley/\">Central Valley residents have an estimated 150,0000 private drinking water wells\u003c/a>, which are not routinely monitored for pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 250,000 people served by public water systems or private wells in the Tulare basin and Salinas Valley “are currently at risk for nitrate contamination of their drinking water,” the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally \u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19475683.2017.1346707\">40% of shallow wells\u003c/a> underlying farmland may exceed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/region8-waterops/nitrate-rule-maximum-contaminant-level-mcl-public-notification-template\">federal standard for nitrate\u003c/a> in drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://calmatters-map-wells-nitrate.netlify.app/?initialWidth=780&childId=pymcontain&parentTitle=Floods%20may%20taint%20more%20water%20in%20California%20farm%20towns%20-%20CalMatters&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fcalmatters.org%2Fenvironment%2F2023%2F04%2Fcalifornia-floods-contaminate-water-nitrate%2F\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a popular mantra among water-quality managers declares that “dilution is the solution to pollution,” it doesn’t always work that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helen Dahlke, UC Davis professor of integrated hydrologic sciences, said stormwater percolating into the ground will flush soil nitrates into groundwater basins, causing levels to jump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the concentrations drop again soon “depends on how much clean water comes along on the back end,” she said. Flooding will probably provide enough water to dilute nitrate-tainted runoff, while groundwater basins recharged by rainfall alone are likely to remain elevated, she said.[aside postID=\"news_11946922,news_11945113\" label=\"Related Posts\"]Michael Claiborne, attorney with the Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, which works with marginalized communities lacking clean water, is concerned that \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2023/04/california-flooding-farms/\">farms now or recently flooded\u003c/a> have been swamped by filthy water that is now percolating into groundwater basins. These farms include Central Valley parcels intentionally flooded after Gov. Gavin Newsom issued an \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/3.10.23-Ground-Water-Recharge.pdf?emrc=640bb2ea77e8d\">executive order (PDF)\u003c/a> on March 10 to encourage using stormwater to recharge \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/water/2023/02/california-depleted-groundwater-storms/\">depleted groundwater\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of dairies that are completely flooded, and that includes the lagoons where they store their manure,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other groups, including the Community Water Center and Clean Water Action, have also raised concerns that the recent flooding of lands saturated with fertilizers and pesticide residues will contaminate groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrick Pulupa, executive officer with the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board, said it’s unknown how flooding will affect basins underlying large dairy farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know whether a lot of recharge on these lands will make (nitrate contamination) worse or push it out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some places, floodwaters have had clear and immediate impacts on groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, a levee protecting the small Tulare County town of Seville breached. Water swamped many properties and overtopped several drinking water wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowner Linda Guttierez, who also serves on the town’s water service district, poured bleach into her well to kill any pathogens that might have entered the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seville often doesn’t have enough water. Last summer and again in the early winter, farmers nearly depleted the community’s wells, she said. To get by, drinking water, paid for by the state, is delivered to residents. The community of about 600 people has also received a $1 million grant to drill a new, deeper well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/03/california-storm-reservoirs-flooding/\">the heavy snow in the Sierra Nevada\u003c/a>, visible from her yard, will soon melt, and more flooding is expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Be careful what you ask for, because you just might get it, and you might get it all at once,” Guttierez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Water deliveries are a short-term fix\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Thomas Harter, UC Davis professor who co-authored the nitrate report for state officials, said the contamination will haunt at least another generation of Californians. That’s because the lag time between the application of fertilizer and its entry into groundwater basins can be many years, and decades more may pass before the nitrate reaches a well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if we were able to change how we manage agricultural fertilizer today, it would still take years or decades before wells actually see an improvement,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In southwest Sonoma County, a few miles west of Petaluma, the local groundwater is unsafe to drink — and the source of the issue is plainly visible. Beef and dairy cows range freely over the watersheds and creek bottoms that drain toward Bodega Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their manure festers in muddy watering holes, and for locals in and around the small town of Valley Ford, this means living on bottled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sdwis.waterboards.ca.gov/PDWW/JSP/WSamplingResultsByStoret.jsp?SystemNumber=4900568&tinwsys_is_number=4899&FacilityID=002&WSFNumber=9950&SamplingPointID=002&SystemName=VALLEY+FORD+WATER+ASSOCIATION&SamplingPointName=WELL+02&Analyte=&ChemicalName=&begin_date=&end_date=&mDWW=\">Sampling\u003c/a> of Valley Ford’s three main wells last June found nitrate at twice the federal drinking water standard of 10 milligrams per liter, and a few months earlier it was nearly triple, at 28. More recent sampling found it at almost 12, still enough to prompt a notice from the state warning residents that pregnant women and infants should not consume the water. Locals declined to discuss the issue with a CalMatters reporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State programs to bring safe drinking water to communities affected by nitrate are now serving at least 1,048 households in the San Joaquin Valley and about another 300 in the Central Coast region. These initiatives include the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralvalley/water_issues/salinity/\">Central Valley Salinity Alternatives for Long-term Sustainability program\u003c/a>, and the State Water Resources Control Board’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/grants_loans/caa/\">Cleanup and Abatement Account\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelsey Hinton, communications director for the Community Water Center, said bottled water deliveries must be provided for affected communities but said they should not be considered a long-term fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a short-term, Band-Aid solution,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her organization advocates for projects that connect small communities to major surface water supplies or provide them with improved wells that tap into clean water — a resource that is guaranteed by state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We decided as a state in 2012 that everybody deserves access to clean, affordable water,” Hinton said, referring to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/hr2w/\">Human Right to Water law\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most well-documented health impact associated with nitrate consumption is blue baby syndrome, or methemoglobinemia, a condition in which ingested nitrates can displace blood oxygen and cause suffocation. The federal standard for nitrate in drinking water, 10 milligrams per liter, is aimed at preventing blue baby syndrome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even at concentrations below the blue baby threshold, \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.29365\">nitrate may cause ovarian cancer\u003c/a>, according to 2015 research from the National Institutes of Health. Another study produced \u003ca href=\"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/full/10.1289/EHP8205\">a similar conclusion for pregnant women and preterm births\u003c/a>. Nitrate also has been linked to bladder cancer, thyroid cancer and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Awash in nitrogen from farms\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If California’s historic winter successfully dilutes nitrate in some groundwater basins, these gains are likely to be lost to continued fertilizer use, future drought and groundwater overdraft, which can concentrate impurities in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2134/jeq2013.10.0411\">Nitrate is “the most ubiquitous pollutant of groundwater resources,”\u003c/a> UC Davis researchers reported in 2014, and it “is becoming more acute and is affecting larger areas and more people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nitrate loading in groundwater “presents \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralcoast/board_info/agendas/2017/march/item6/item6_ag_order_redline.pdf\">a significant threat to human health as pollution gets substantially worse each year (PDF)\u003c/a>,” the Central Coast Water Quality Control Board warned in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ucanr.edu/sites/groundwaternitrate/files/268749.pdf\">Synthetic fertilizers used for fruit trees and row crops are the biggest source of groundwater nitrate contamination (PDF)\u003c/a>, contributing nearly 60% of the problem in California, according to a 2017 report commissioned by the California Department of Food and Agriculture. Dairy production is responsible for about 20%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harter of UC Davis calculated that \u003ca href=\"https://californiawaterblog.com/2017/09/17/groundwater-nitrate-sources-and-contamination-in-the-central-valley/\">nearly 1 million tons of nitrogen are applied to farmland in the Central Valley alone every year\u003c/a>. Roughly half is removed via harvest of crops, while some escapes into the atmosphere. That leaves an estimated 360,000 tons to percolate into the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Salinas Valley alone, \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralcoast/board_info/agendas/2017/march/item6/item6_ag_order_redline.pdf\">tens of millions of pounds of nitrate enter groundwater basins every year from farms (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to a 2017 state estimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fruit trees and row crops are the biggest source of groundwater nitrate contamination in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harter said farmers must “reduce the application of nitrogen” but that many err toward overfertilizing when calculating the nitrogen needs of their plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may be changing. Parry Klassen, a peach and watermelon farmer near Reedley and executive director of a nitrate management organization called the \u003ca href=\"https://valleywaterc.org/about/\">Valley Water Collaborative\u003c/a>, said farmers are paying closer attention to the nitrate needs of their plants and how much they apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klassen said the days of gross fertilizer overloading are over, due in part to skyrocketing fertilizer costs — an economic outturn of the war in Ukraine. “The fine-tuning is what we’re working on now,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A state program now 20 years old seeks to improve nitrate management on farms and reduce loading into soil and groundwater. Updated in 2012 to specifically address groundwater, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralvalley/water_issues/irrigated_lands/background_history/\">Irrigated Lands Regulatory Program\u003c/a> requires all Central Valley farmers to report nitrogen application and crop harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to create an accurate nitrogen accounting system that tells state officials exactly how much nitrogen is threatening drinking water supplies, said Sue McConnell, who manages the program for the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 25,000 farmers are now enrolled and submitting reports of the data, though clear trends in fertilizer use are not detectable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For farmers, applying exactly what a plant needs is a difficult task, according to several sources. Klassen said changes in the weather or other conditions can reduce a plant’s vigor and productivity during the growing season, causing it to uptake less nitrogen and leaving unused nitrogen in the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even under-fertilizing doesn’t necessarily work. It can stress plants, causing them to shut down and stop absorbing nitrogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then you’re still overfertilizing,” said Harter of UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harter said California’s farmers have overall been improving — though not perfecting — their fertilizer efficiency in the past several decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he added that the explosion of California’s dairy industry late last century has offset those advances. “It’s created a huge manure surplus that the dairy industry is trying to deal with,” Harter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11947263\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-20-at-4.21.42-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11947263\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-20-at-4.21.42-PM-800x531.png\" alt=\"Cows on a dairy farm seen behind a gate.\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-20-at-4.21.42-PM-800x531.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-20-at-4.21.42-PM-1020x676.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-20-at-4.21.42-PM-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-20-at-4.21.42-PM-1536x1019.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-20-at-4.21.42-PM.png 1550w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dairy farm operation near Glenn on April 25, 2022. Dairies are responsible for about 20% of nitrate contamination of drinking water, according to one report. \u003ccite>(Miguel Gutierrez Jr./CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Searching for solutions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Geoff Vanden Heuvel, director of regulatory and economic affairs at the Milk Producers Council, said the dairy industry is committed to finding solutions for people affected by nitrate in their water, and for reducing nitrate loading in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The dairy industry is going to be a contributor to finding long-term solutions for people who don’t have adequate or clean water to drink — that’s a genuine commitment,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s nitrate problem poses daunting challenges in how to sustainably grow food while protecting drinking water resources and ecosystems. Indeed, the dilemma is more complex than other issues surrounding agricultural pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not as straightforward as going pesticide-free,” said Jennifer Clary, the California director of Clean Water Action. “You need fertilizer to grow crops.”[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Geoff Vanden Heuvel, director of regulatory and economic affairs, Milk Producers Council\"]‘The dairy industry is going to be a contributor to finding long-term solutions for people who don’t have adequate or clean water to drink — that’s a genuine commitment.’[/pullquote]One way to reduce fertilizer leaching is using what scientists refer to as “fertigation,” by which small and measured doses of fertilizer are applied via drip irrigation lines. Studies suggest this could help draw down groundwater nitrate levels over several decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://suscon.org/\">Sustainable Conservation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, is studying the potential for turning manure into a liquid fertilizer in fertigation systems. Applied widely, this method could save 250 billion gallons of water and cut the the nitrogen loading to groundwater from fertilizer by 250 million pounds annually, said Ryan Flaherty, the company’s director of circular economies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater recharge has shown promise for reducing nitrate contamination, particularly when focused on problem sites. But it takes almost biblical amounts of water. In a study conducted last year, Dahlke, Harter and their research teams spent four weeks dousing part of an almond orchard with 30 feet of water. That would be impossible to apply broadly, but it could be effective if used only where nitrate concentrations are very high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor is flushing it into rivers or the ocean a fix. Nitrogen loading strips aquatic ecosystems of oxygen, creating \u003ca href=\"https://oceantoday.noaa.gov/deadzonegulf-2021/welcome.html\">nearly lifeless ocean dead zones like a giant one in the Gulf of Mexico\u003c/a>. Scientists say the Earth’s nitrogen overloading has crossed a key \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/earth-has-crossed-several-planetary-boundaries-thresholds-human-induced-environmental-changes\">planetary boundary\u003c/a>, categorizing the crisis in the same ranks as climate change, mass extinction and deforestation.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"left\" citation=\"Jennifer Clary, California director, Clean Water Action\"]‘We don’t know whether a lot of recharge on these lands will make (nitrate contamination) worse or push it out.’[/pullquote]“They’ve been overfertilizing for 80 years, and we’ve spent 10 years trying to figure out how to control it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some water quality advocates see relatively simple solutions to nitrate contamination. Claiborne, for one, thinks California needs fewer cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re going to have to see herd size reductions,” Claiborne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said in a sustainable agriculture system, all or most of the manure generated by livestock would be applied as fertilizer to the crops used to feed them — a closed loop regime without excess or runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vanden Heuvel said that’s achievable, and something that dairy producers are rallying for. He said the industry produces a surplus of raw manure, which “you certainly don’t want to put on anything going into the human food chain … We’re trying to get this nitrogen repackaged so that it can be applied to more crops.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vanden Heuvel said the state’s dairy industry hasn’t grown in at least 12 years and that many dairy owners are already considering relocating to the Midwest, where feed is more available and water more abundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clary said it’s just a matter of time before farmers pull back on applications of nitrogen to crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve been overfertilizing for 80 years, and we’ve spent 10 years trying to figure out how to control it,” Clary said. “It’s totally doable. If California can figure out how to be the biggest agricultural power in the world, we ought to be able to figure out how to do it without hurting people.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Nitrate contamination of well water has been a decades-long problem in the San Joaquin and Salinas valleys — and now stormwater has flushed more fertilizer and manure into aquifers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1682036888,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://calmatters-map-wells-nitrate.netlify.app/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":69,"wordCount":2823},"headData":{"title":"After the Deluge: Floods May Taint More Drinking Water in California | KQED","description":"Nitrate contamination of well water has been a decades-long problem in the San Joaquin and Salinas valleys — and now stormwater has flushed more fertilizer and manure into aquifers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/alastair-bland/\">Alastair Bland\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11947248/after-the-deluge-floods-may-taint-more-drinking-water-in-california","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Kelli and Tim Hutten made an offer on a house in the quiet Monterey County town of Moss Landing last summer, they looked forward to mild weather, coastal views, trails along nearby wetlands and being a bit closer to family. Unfortunately, the Huttens also knew that something wasn’t right with the neighborhood’s groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew there were water contamination issues,” Kelli Hutten said. “During escrow we did as much research as we could, but there’s a lot to learn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time they moved in with their newborn baby, the details were clear: Their private well water contained five times the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations\">federal government’s limit for nitrate\u003c/a>, which usually leaches from farms. The Huttens immediately signed up for \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/grants_loans/caa/\">delivery of drinking water, paid for by a state program\u003c/a>, and installed a filtration system. Nitrate in water can cause a dangerous circulatory condition in infants called blue baby syndrome, and it has been linked to cancer, too.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We don’t know whether a lot of recharge on these lands will make (nitrate contamination) worse or push it out.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Patrick Pulupa, executive officer, Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Huttens’ community in the Salinas Valley, one of the nation’s most productive farm areas, is just one of many towns in California plagued by nitrate contamination of drinking water. For decades, high levels have \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/nitrate_project/\">contaminated groundwater basins throughout the state\u003c/a> — especially in disadvantaged farm communities in the San Joaquin and Salinas valleys — as well as much of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2023/04/california-flooding-farms/\">this year’s heavy rains\u003c/a> may worsen this widespread contamination as fertilizer from crops and orchards and manure from ranches and dairy farms are flushed into underground water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In agricultural regions, decades’ worth of fertilizers applied to orchards and row crops, and tons of cow manure stored in ponds, releases nitrogen into the ground. As much as 40% of nitrogen in fertilizer may eventually enter groundwater supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of households have wells contaminated with nitrate. For public water systems, about \u003ca href=\"https://ucanr.edu/sites/groundwaternitrate/files/138956.pdf\">1 in every 10 water samples collected from 20,000 wells in the Tulare Lake Basin and the Salinas Valley exceeded the drinking water standard for nitrate (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to a 2012 UC Davis report to state officials. But the full scope of the problem is unknown, partly because \u003ca href=\"https://californiawaterblog.com/2017/09/17/groundwater-nitrate-sources-and-contamination-in-the-central-valley/\">Central Valley residents have an estimated 150,0000 private drinking water wells\u003c/a>, which are not routinely monitored for pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 250,000 people served by public water systems or private wells in the Tulare basin and Salinas Valley “are currently at risk for nitrate contamination of their drinking water,” the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally \u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19475683.2017.1346707\">40% of shallow wells\u003c/a> underlying farmland may exceed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/region8-waterops/nitrate-rule-maximum-contaminant-level-mcl-public-notification-template\">federal standard for nitrate\u003c/a> in drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://calmatters-map-wells-nitrate.netlify.app/?initialWidth=780&childId=pymcontain&parentTitle=Floods%20may%20taint%20more%20water%20in%20California%20farm%20towns%20-%20CalMatters&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fcalmatters.org%2Fenvironment%2F2023%2F04%2Fcalifornia-floods-contaminate-water-nitrate%2F\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a popular mantra among water-quality managers declares that “dilution is the solution to pollution,” it doesn’t always work that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helen Dahlke, UC Davis professor of integrated hydrologic sciences, said stormwater percolating into the ground will flush soil nitrates into groundwater basins, causing levels to jump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the concentrations drop again soon “depends on how much clean water comes along on the back end,” she said. Flooding will probably provide enough water to dilute nitrate-tainted runoff, while groundwater basins recharged by rainfall alone are likely to remain elevated, she said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11946922,news_11945113","label":"Related Posts "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Michael Claiborne, attorney with the Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, which works with marginalized communities lacking clean water, is concerned that \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2023/04/california-flooding-farms/\">farms now or recently flooded\u003c/a> have been swamped by filthy water that is now percolating into groundwater basins. These farms include Central Valley parcels intentionally flooded after Gov. Gavin Newsom issued an \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/3.10.23-Ground-Water-Recharge.pdf?emrc=640bb2ea77e8d\">executive order (PDF)\u003c/a> on March 10 to encourage using stormwater to recharge \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/water/2023/02/california-depleted-groundwater-storms/\">depleted groundwater\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of dairies that are completely flooded, and that includes the lagoons where they store their manure,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other groups, including the Community Water Center and Clean Water Action, have also raised concerns that the recent flooding of lands saturated with fertilizers and pesticide residues will contaminate groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrick Pulupa, executive officer with the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board, said it’s unknown how flooding will affect basins underlying large dairy farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know whether a lot of recharge on these lands will make (nitrate contamination) worse or push it out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some places, floodwaters have had clear and immediate impacts on groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, a levee protecting the small Tulare County town of Seville breached. Water swamped many properties and overtopped several drinking water wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowner Linda Guttierez, who also serves on the town’s water service district, poured bleach into her well to kill any pathogens that might have entered the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seville often doesn’t have enough water. Last summer and again in the early winter, farmers nearly depleted the community’s wells, she said. To get by, drinking water, paid for by the state, is delivered to residents. The community of about 600 people has also received a $1 million grant to drill a new, deeper well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/03/california-storm-reservoirs-flooding/\">the heavy snow in the Sierra Nevada\u003c/a>, visible from her yard, will soon melt, and more flooding is expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Be careful what you ask for, because you just might get it, and you might get it all at once,” Guttierez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Water deliveries are a short-term fix\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Thomas Harter, UC Davis professor who co-authored the nitrate report for state officials, said the contamination will haunt at least another generation of Californians. That’s because the lag time between the application of fertilizer and its entry into groundwater basins can be many years, and decades more may pass before the nitrate reaches a well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if we were able to change how we manage agricultural fertilizer today, it would still take years or decades before wells actually see an improvement,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In southwest Sonoma County, a few miles west of Petaluma, the local groundwater is unsafe to drink — and the source of the issue is plainly visible. Beef and dairy cows range freely over the watersheds and creek bottoms that drain toward Bodega Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their manure festers in muddy watering holes, and for locals in and around the small town of Valley Ford, this means living on bottled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sdwis.waterboards.ca.gov/PDWW/JSP/WSamplingResultsByStoret.jsp?SystemNumber=4900568&tinwsys_is_number=4899&FacilityID=002&WSFNumber=9950&SamplingPointID=002&SystemName=VALLEY+FORD+WATER+ASSOCIATION&SamplingPointName=WELL+02&Analyte=&ChemicalName=&begin_date=&end_date=&mDWW=\">Sampling\u003c/a> of Valley Ford’s three main wells last June found nitrate at twice the federal drinking water standard of 10 milligrams per liter, and a few months earlier it was nearly triple, at 28. More recent sampling found it at almost 12, still enough to prompt a notice from the state warning residents that pregnant women and infants should not consume the water. Locals declined to discuss the issue with a CalMatters reporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State programs to bring safe drinking water to communities affected by nitrate are now serving at least 1,048 households in the San Joaquin Valley and about another 300 in the Central Coast region. These initiatives include the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralvalley/water_issues/salinity/\">Central Valley Salinity Alternatives for Long-term Sustainability program\u003c/a>, and the State Water Resources Control Board’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/grants_loans/caa/\">Cleanup and Abatement Account\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelsey Hinton, communications director for the Community Water Center, said bottled water deliveries must be provided for affected communities but said they should not be considered a long-term fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a short-term, Band-Aid solution,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her organization advocates for projects that connect small communities to major surface water supplies or provide them with improved wells that tap into clean water — a resource that is guaranteed by state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We decided as a state in 2012 that everybody deserves access to clean, affordable water,” Hinton said, referring to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/hr2w/\">Human Right to Water law\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most well-documented health impact associated with nitrate consumption is blue baby syndrome, or methemoglobinemia, a condition in which ingested nitrates can displace blood oxygen and cause suffocation. The federal standard for nitrate in drinking water, 10 milligrams per liter, is aimed at preventing blue baby syndrome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even at concentrations below the blue baby threshold, \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.29365\">nitrate may cause ovarian cancer\u003c/a>, according to 2015 research from the National Institutes of Health. Another study produced \u003ca href=\"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/full/10.1289/EHP8205\">a similar conclusion for pregnant women and preterm births\u003c/a>. Nitrate also has been linked to bladder cancer, thyroid cancer and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Awash in nitrogen from farms\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If California’s historic winter successfully dilutes nitrate in some groundwater basins, these gains are likely to be lost to continued fertilizer use, future drought and groundwater overdraft, which can concentrate impurities in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2134/jeq2013.10.0411\">Nitrate is “the most ubiquitous pollutant of groundwater resources,”\u003c/a> UC Davis researchers reported in 2014, and it “is becoming more acute and is affecting larger areas and more people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nitrate loading in groundwater “presents \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralcoast/board_info/agendas/2017/march/item6/item6_ag_order_redline.pdf\">a significant threat to human health as pollution gets substantially worse each year (PDF)\u003c/a>,” the Central Coast Water Quality Control Board warned in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ucanr.edu/sites/groundwaternitrate/files/268749.pdf\">Synthetic fertilizers used for fruit trees and row crops are the biggest source of groundwater nitrate contamination (PDF)\u003c/a>, contributing nearly 60% of the problem in California, according to a 2017 report commissioned by the California Department of Food and Agriculture. Dairy production is responsible for about 20%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harter of UC Davis calculated that \u003ca href=\"https://californiawaterblog.com/2017/09/17/groundwater-nitrate-sources-and-contamination-in-the-central-valley/\">nearly 1 million tons of nitrogen are applied to farmland in the Central Valley alone every year\u003c/a>. Roughly half is removed via harvest of crops, while some escapes into the atmosphere. That leaves an estimated 360,000 tons to percolate into the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Salinas Valley alone, \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralcoast/board_info/agendas/2017/march/item6/item6_ag_order_redline.pdf\">tens of millions of pounds of nitrate enter groundwater basins every year from farms (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to a 2017 state estimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fruit trees and row crops are the biggest source of groundwater nitrate contamination in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harter said farmers must “reduce the application of nitrogen” but that many err toward overfertilizing when calculating the nitrogen needs of their plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may be changing. Parry Klassen, a peach and watermelon farmer near Reedley and executive director of a nitrate management organization called the \u003ca href=\"https://valleywaterc.org/about/\">Valley Water Collaborative\u003c/a>, said farmers are paying closer attention to the nitrate needs of their plants and how much they apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klassen said the days of gross fertilizer overloading are over, due in part to skyrocketing fertilizer costs — an economic outturn of the war in Ukraine. “The fine-tuning is what we’re working on now,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A state program now 20 years old seeks to improve nitrate management on farms and reduce loading into soil and groundwater. Updated in 2012 to specifically address groundwater, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralvalley/water_issues/irrigated_lands/background_history/\">Irrigated Lands Regulatory Program\u003c/a> requires all Central Valley farmers to report nitrogen application and crop harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to create an accurate nitrogen accounting system that tells state officials exactly how much nitrogen is threatening drinking water supplies, said Sue McConnell, who manages the program for the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 25,000 farmers are now enrolled and submitting reports of the data, though clear trends in fertilizer use are not detectable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For farmers, applying exactly what a plant needs is a difficult task, according to several sources. Klassen said changes in the weather or other conditions can reduce a plant’s vigor and productivity during the growing season, causing it to uptake less nitrogen and leaving unused nitrogen in the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even under-fertilizing doesn’t necessarily work. It can stress plants, causing them to shut down and stop absorbing nitrogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then you’re still overfertilizing,” said Harter of UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harter said California’s farmers have overall been improving — though not perfecting — their fertilizer efficiency in the past several decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he added that the explosion of California’s dairy industry late last century has offset those advances. “It’s created a huge manure surplus that the dairy industry is trying to deal with,” Harter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11947263\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-20-at-4.21.42-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11947263\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-20-at-4.21.42-PM-800x531.png\" alt=\"Cows on a dairy farm seen behind a gate.\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-20-at-4.21.42-PM-800x531.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-20-at-4.21.42-PM-1020x676.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-20-at-4.21.42-PM-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-20-at-4.21.42-PM-1536x1019.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-20-at-4.21.42-PM.png 1550w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dairy farm operation near Glenn on April 25, 2022. Dairies are responsible for about 20% of nitrate contamination of drinking water, according to one report. \u003ccite>(Miguel Gutierrez Jr./CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Searching for solutions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Geoff Vanden Heuvel, director of regulatory and economic affairs at the Milk Producers Council, said the dairy industry is committed to finding solutions for people affected by nitrate in their water, and for reducing nitrate loading in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The dairy industry is going to be a contributor to finding long-term solutions for people who don’t have adequate or clean water to drink — that’s a genuine commitment,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s nitrate problem poses daunting challenges in how to sustainably grow food while protecting drinking water resources and ecosystems. Indeed, the dilemma is more complex than other issues surrounding agricultural pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not as straightforward as going pesticide-free,” said Jennifer Clary, the California director of Clean Water Action. “You need fertilizer to grow crops.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The dairy industry is going to be a contributor to finding long-term solutions for people who don’t have adequate or clean water to drink — that’s a genuine commitment.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Geoff Vanden Heuvel, director of regulatory and economic affairs, Milk Producers Council","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>One way to reduce fertilizer leaching is using what scientists refer to as “fertigation,” by which small and measured doses of fertilizer are applied via drip irrigation lines. Studies suggest this could help draw down groundwater nitrate levels over several decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://suscon.org/\">Sustainable Conservation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, is studying the potential for turning manure into a liquid fertilizer in fertigation systems. Applied widely, this method could save 250 billion gallons of water and cut the the nitrogen loading to groundwater from fertilizer by 250 million pounds annually, said Ryan Flaherty, the company’s director of circular economies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater recharge has shown promise for reducing nitrate contamination, particularly when focused on problem sites. But it takes almost biblical amounts of water. In a study conducted last year, Dahlke, Harter and their research teams spent four weeks dousing part of an almond orchard with 30 feet of water. That would be impossible to apply broadly, but it could be effective if used only where nitrate concentrations are very high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor is flushing it into rivers or the ocean a fix. Nitrogen loading strips aquatic ecosystems of oxygen, creating \u003ca href=\"https://oceantoday.noaa.gov/deadzonegulf-2021/welcome.html\">nearly lifeless ocean dead zones like a giant one in the Gulf of Mexico\u003c/a>. Scientists say the Earth’s nitrogen overloading has crossed a key \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/earth-has-crossed-several-planetary-boundaries-thresholds-human-induced-environmental-changes\">planetary boundary\u003c/a>, categorizing the crisis in the same ranks as climate change, mass extinction and deforestation.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We don’t know whether a lot of recharge on these lands will make (nitrate contamination) worse or push it out.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"left","citation":"Jennifer Clary, California director, Clean Water Action","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“They’ve been overfertilizing for 80 years, and we’ve spent 10 years trying to figure out how to control it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some water quality advocates see relatively simple solutions to nitrate contamination. Claiborne, for one, thinks California needs fewer cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re going to have to see herd size reductions,” Claiborne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said in a sustainable agriculture system, all or most of the manure generated by livestock would be applied as fertilizer to the crops used to feed them — a closed loop regime without excess or runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vanden Heuvel said that’s achievable, and something that dairy producers are rallying for. He said the industry produces a surplus of raw manure, which “you certainly don’t want to put on anything going into the human food chain … We’re trying to get this nitrogen repackaged so that it can be applied to more crops.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vanden Heuvel said the state’s dairy industry hasn’t grown in at least 12 years and that many dairy owners are already considering relocating to the Midwest, where feed is more available and water more abundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clary said it’s just a matter of time before farmers pull back on applications of nitrogen to crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve been overfertilizing for 80 years, and we’ve spent 10 years trying to figure out how to control it,” Clary said. “It’s totally doable. If California can figure out how to be the biggest agricultural power in the world, we ought to be able to figure out how to do it without hurting people.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11947248/after-the-deluge-floods-may-taint-more-drinking-water-in-california","authors":["byline_news_11947248"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_19232","news_5892","news_32655","news_32656"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11947262","label":"news_18481"},"news_11920517":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11920517","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11920517","score":null,"sort":[1658881157000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"report-state-too-slow-to-fix-unsafe-tap-water-for-more-than-900000-residents","title":"State Audit: California Too Slow to Fix Unsafe Tap Water for More Than 900,000 Residents","publishDate":1658881157,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The water that comes out of the tap for more than 900,000 Californians is unsafe to drink and the state isn't acting fast enough to help clean it up, state auditors said in a report released Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of water systems supply the state's nearly 39 million people, and about 5% of them contain some type of contaminant, like nitrates or arsenic, according to the audit. That means people can't safely drink the water or use it to cook or bathe. Most of the 370 failing systems are in economically disadvantaged communities, many in the Central Valley, the state's agricultural heartland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Resources Control Board has provided at least $1.7 billion in grants since 2016 for design and construction to improve water systems. That could include building new treatment plants, consolidating water systems or other actions designed to improve water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it took the board 33 months on average in 2021 for water system operators to complete the application process and receive money, the audit found — nearly double the time it took in 2017. The audit found that a lack of clear metrics and poor communication created confusion for water districts seeking help and slowed down the award process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The longer the board takes to fund projects, the more expensive those projects become. More importantly, delays increase the likelihood of negative health outcomes for Californians served by the failing water systems,” Acting State Auditor Michael Tilden wrote in a letter to the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eileen Sobeck, executive director for the water board, told state auditors the board agrees the process could be clearer and faster. But she disagreed with the conclusion that the board hasn't acted with urgency to improve contaminated water systems, saying the board's “highest priority is advancing the human right to water.\" California made a right to safe drinking water state law in 2013. The water board has previously said it would need $4.5 billion to address all the needs through 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the state has reduced the number of people who rely on contaminated water from 1.6 million in 2019 to less than 1 million today. It’s also provided $700 million in grants to water systems. It’s helped pay for construction projects in 90 communities and consolidation of 73 water systems, and begun streamlining the application process, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11908869,news_11886536,science_1971582\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E. Joaquin Esquivel, chair of the water board, said the audit’s finding that the board lacks urgency in addressing the problem is “salacious” and doesn’t reflect the “tremendous amount of progress” the board has made in helping water systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state sets requirements for more than 100 water contaminants, including nitrate, arsenic and E. coli, limiting the amount that can be in water. Some, like nitrates, come from excess fertilizer used by agriculture. Different contaminants can cause respiratory problems for infants, harm the liver and kidneys, and increase the risk of cancer. Even when water isn't safe to drink, people still have to pay the water bill, plus the added cost of buying bottled water or hauling it in from elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just because you're not drinking from the tap doesn't mean you don't have to pay for the access,\" said Kyle Jones, policy and legal director for the Community Water Center, which works to expand access to clean water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom, a Democrat, created a $130 million fund in 2019 to improve drinking water systems, particularly those that serve lower-income communities. At the time, he called it a “moral disgrace\" that Californians couldn't rely on clean water to drink or bathe. His office didn't respond to an email Tuesday seeking comment on the audit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one example of the slow process, the audit found the water board wasn't checking in enough on a technical assistance project for a water system in Kern County. Ten months after the board had assigned a provider to help the district, no work had been completed, causing the board to look for another provider. In another case, it took the water board 14 months to figure out whether a water district in rural Northern California was eligible for grant funding to improve its drinking and wastewater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts that took a survey from the auditor called the board's application process a “nightmare\" filled with red tape and unclear expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Claiborne, directing attorney for Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, said many Californians have been fighting for decades for clean water to no avail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His organization advocates for access to safe and affordable drinking water for communities in the San Joaquin Valley and east Coachella Valley, and it has been hired as a legal and technical consultant for some of the projects that receive board funding. As both an advocate and a contractor on some projects, he agreed with the audit's findings that the board needs clear metrics to access its progress and set expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said local governments need to step up as well, as they can delay projects to consolidate water systems or begin new construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without cooperation from local governments and local water systems, you can't implement solutions,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Despite statewide cleanup efforts, 5% of California's water systems are contaminated, particularly in economically disadvantaged Central Valley communities, according to a report released Tuesday.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1659653727,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":897},"headData":{"title":"State Audit: California Too Slow to Fix Unsafe Tap Water for More Than 900,000 Residents | KQED","description":"Despite statewide cleanup efforts, 5% of California's water systems are contaminated, particularly in economically disadvantaged Central Valley communities, according to a report released Tuesday.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11920517 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11920517","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/07/26/report-state-too-slow-to-fix-unsafe-tap-water-for-more-than-900000-residents/","disqusTitle":"State Audit: California Too Slow to Fix Unsafe Tap Water for More Than 900,000 Residents","nprByline":"Kathleen Ronayne\u003cbr>The Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11920517/report-state-too-slow-to-fix-unsafe-tap-water-for-more-than-900000-residents","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The water that comes out of the tap for more than 900,000 Californians is unsafe to drink and the state isn't acting fast enough to help clean it up, state auditors said in a report released Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of water systems supply the state's nearly 39 million people, and about 5% of them contain some type of contaminant, like nitrates or arsenic, according to the audit. That means people can't safely drink the water or use it to cook or bathe. Most of the 370 failing systems are in economically disadvantaged communities, many in the Central Valley, the state's agricultural heartland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Resources Control Board has provided at least $1.7 billion in grants since 2016 for design and construction to improve water systems. That could include building new treatment plants, consolidating water systems or other actions designed to improve water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it took the board 33 months on average in 2021 for water system operators to complete the application process and receive money, the audit found — nearly double the time it took in 2017. The audit found that a lack of clear metrics and poor communication created confusion for water districts seeking help and slowed down the award process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The longer the board takes to fund projects, the more expensive those projects become. More importantly, delays increase the likelihood of negative health outcomes for Californians served by the failing water systems,” Acting State Auditor Michael Tilden wrote in a letter to the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eileen Sobeck, executive director for the water board, told state auditors the board agrees the process could be clearer and faster. But she disagreed with the conclusion that the board hasn't acted with urgency to improve contaminated water systems, saying the board's “highest priority is advancing the human right to water.\" California made a right to safe drinking water state law in 2013. The water board has previously said it would need $4.5 billion to address all the needs through 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the state has reduced the number of people who rely on contaminated water from 1.6 million in 2019 to less than 1 million today. It’s also provided $700 million in grants to water systems. It’s helped pay for construction projects in 90 communities and consolidation of 73 water systems, and begun streamlining the application process, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11908869,news_11886536,science_1971582"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E. Joaquin Esquivel, chair of the water board, said the audit’s finding that the board lacks urgency in addressing the problem is “salacious” and doesn’t reflect the “tremendous amount of progress” the board has made in helping water systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state sets requirements for more than 100 water contaminants, including nitrate, arsenic and E. coli, limiting the amount that can be in water. Some, like nitrates, come from excess fertilizer used by agriculture. Different contaminants can cause respiratory problems for infants, harm the liver and kidneys, and increase the risk of cancer. Even when water isn't safe to drink, people still have to pay the water bill, plus the added cost of buying bottled water or hauling it in from elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just because you're not drinking from the tap doesn't mean you don't have to pay for the access,\" said Kyle Jones, policy and legal director for the Community Water Center, which works to expand access to clean water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom, a Democrat, created a $130 million fund in 2019 to improve drinking water systems, particularly those that serve lower-income communities. At the time, he called it a “moral disgrace\" that Californians couldn't rely on clean water to drink or bathe. His office didn't respond to an email Tuesday seeking comment on the audit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one example of the slow process, the audit found the water board wasn't checking in enough on a technical assistance project for a water system in Kern County. Ten months after the board had assigned a provider to help the district, no work had been completed, causing the board to look for another provider. In another case, it took the water board 14 months to figure out whether a water district in rural Northern California was eligible for grant funding to improve its drinking and wastewater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts that took a survey from the auditor called the board's application process a “nightmare\" filled with red tape and unclear expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Claiborne, directing attorney for Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, said many Californians have been fighting for decades for clean water to no avail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His organization advocates for access to safe and affordable drinking water for communities in the San Joaquin Valley and east Coachella Valley, and it has been hired as a legal and technical consultant for some of the projects that receive board funding. As both an advocate and a contractor on some projects, he agreed with the audit's findings that the board needs clear metrics to access its progress and set expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said local governments need to step up as well, as they can delay projects to consolidate water systems or begin new construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without cooperation from local governments and local water systems, you can't implement solutions,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11920517/report-state-too-slow-to-fix-unsafe-tap-water-for-more-than-900000-residents","authors":["byline_news_11920517"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8"],"tags":["news_311","news_31377","news_19232","news_16"],"featImg":"news_11920567","label":"news"},"news_11886536":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11886536","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11886536","score":null,"sort":[1630058452000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from-2","title":"Bay Area: Do You Know Where Your Water Comes From?","publishDate":1630058452,"format":"image","headTitle":"Bay Area: Do You Know Where Your Water Comes From? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2QoyW8Jt9q3Tq11l8ws3wc?si=3d913de8a11c45a8&nd=1\">Listen to all six episodes of our State of Drought series on Spotify. \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/39fV5VD\">Episode transcript\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area water system is a byzantine patchwork of agencies — more than 50 in all — that provides water to customers. Some are the ones you see on your water bill. Others are middlemen that provide water to local agencies at the wholesale level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some of that water makes a long journey. Southern California has the reputation for tapping far-flung sources for its water needs, but the Bay Area is in the same boat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two-thirds of the Bay Area’s water supply comes from outside the region, which means in extreme drought years, local water districts are competing with many others around the state for limited supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we suffer under another dry period, some parts of the Bay Area are experiencing the drought more acutely because of where they get their water. We’re going to break it down for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Bay Area Water Districts By Major Source of Supply\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886556\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 817px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11886556\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/Screen-Shot-2021-08-26-at-5.45.48-PM.png\" alt=\"Graphic showing where bay area water districts get their water.\" width=\"817\" height=\"791\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/Screen-Shot-2021-08-26-at-5.45.48-PM.png 817w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/Screen-Shot-2021-08-26-at-5.45.48-PM-800x775.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/Screen-Shot-2021-08-26-at-5.45.48-PM-160x155.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 817px) 100vw, 817px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A breakdown of where different regions of the Bay Area get their water. \u003ccite>(Source: \u003ca href=\"https://wrpinfo.org/media/1283/abag-webinar-2015.pdf\">ABAG Infrastructure Vulnerability & Interdependencies Study (2014)\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Hetch Hetchy Water System\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The system originates more than 100 miles from its primary customers, in Yosemite National Park. O’Shaughnessy Dam was built on the Tuolumne River in 1923 to create Hetch Hetchy Reservoir. The water travels through a series of pipelines before it reaches the Bay Area and blends with five local reservoirs. The Tuolumne River joins the San Joaquin River and flows into the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco depends on Hetch Hetchy for its water. The city’s direct access to a large amount of stored water means that even when precipitation levels are lower than average, residents don’t start seeing mandatory water restrictions right away. The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission is also a water wholesaler, selling water to places on the peninsula like Burlingame, Palo Alto, Hillsborough and Redwood City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has long resisted proposals to drain Hetch Hetchy. In 2012, advocates of restoring Hetch Hetchy Valley \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/century-old-battle-over-yosemites-second-valley-heats-up/\">put a measure on the San Francisco ballot\u003c/a> that would have required the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission to study draining the reservoir and shifting the water to other storage facilities. The measure was defeated. In 2018, then Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke met with proponents of restoration, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/No-real-worry-that-Hetch-Hetchy-will-be-drained-13105043.php\">the discussions didn’t lead anywhere\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14633\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/HetchHetchy-1024x368.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14633\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/HetchHetchy-1024x368.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge map. (Credit: By Shannon1 [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0], via Wikimedia Commons)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"368\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge map. (Credit: By Shannon1 \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AHetchhetchyprojmap.jpg\">via Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California’s two major rivers, the Sacramento and San Joaquin, fed by half a dozen others, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">come together in this inland delta \u003c/a>just east of San Francisco Bay. The Delta’s watershed makes up about 45 percent of the state in all. Two-thirds of Californians use Delta water, delivered mainly through two major canal systems, the State Water Project and the Central Valley Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976534\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 826px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1976534\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/DWR_USGS_bay_deltamap-826x1024-1.jpg\" alt=\"Map of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Bay Delta\" width=\"826\" height=\"1024\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sacramento-San Joaquin Bay Delta is a massive system of waterways that provides water to fish, wildlife and people throughout California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When we have prolonged drought, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/31/state-water-project-deliveries-canceled-because-of-drought\">water deliveries\u003c/a> from both these projects diminish, except for some drinking water supplies. Napa, Santa Clara, and Contra Costa counties all get some water out of the Delta. The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has seen \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">dramatic ecological decline\u003c/a> due to habitat loss, invasive species and highly altered water flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975989/san-jose-relies-on-water-from-the-sierra-nevada-climate-change-is-challenging-that-system\">San Jose, its largest city \u003c/a>— are in a particularly difficult water situation. In 2021, Santa Clara Valley Water, the water agency that serves San Jose, only received 5% of the water it contracts from the state, a quarter of what it sources from the feds, and has seen little local rainfall.\u003cbr>\nOn top of all that, the largest reservoir in Valley Water’s system is virtually empty at 3% full, after it was emptied so that the Anderson Dam near Morgan Hill could undergo seismic retrofitting. Valley Water is asking Santa Clara residents to cut water use by 15% to help stretch their water supplies in case we have another dry winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Russian River Water System\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976536\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1976536\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/RS49926_030_MendocinoCounty_LakeMendocinoDrought_06112021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"New vegetation grows on what was once the lake bed of Lake Mendocino on June 11, 2021.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New vegetation grows on what was once the lake bed of Lake Mendocino on June 11, 2021.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The 110-mile Russian River begins north of the Bay Area in Mendocino County and flows south until it reaches the Pacific Ocean west of Santa Rosa. The water system consists of reservoirs at Lake Sonoma, Lake Mendocino, and water diverted from the Eel River into the Russian River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This region is unique in that no water comes from the Sierra Nevada snowmelt. The Russian River watershed sits isolated from the rest of the state, and in dry times, communities in the region are on their own. In normal years, Sonoma also sells water to Marin County, so in dry years both counties feel the pinch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin Water officials are concerned enough about their situation to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1976066/gripped-by-drought-marin-considers-desalination-water-pipeline-over-the-richmond-bridge\">considering two pricey options\u003c/a>. One is to lease a desalination plant for $37 million. That would provide a third of the county’s drinking water needs. The other option is to build a water pipeline over the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge to transport water purchased from an entity with access to Delta water. That pipeline would cost between $66 – $88 million. Marin built a similar pipeline back in the late 1970s when it was especially dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Mokelumne River Water System\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This river originates in the Central Sierra Nevada and flows west until it reaches the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and San Francisco Bay. The East Bay Municipal Utility District built Pardee Dam on the river near Stockton in 1929. Water is delivered to the Bay Area through the 85-mile Mokelumne Aqueduct, which diverts the river’s water before it reaches the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886541\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11886541\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/EBMUD-water.jpg\" alt=\"Map of the EBMUD aqueducts from the Mokelumne River Watershed.\" width=\"900\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/EBMUD-water.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/EBMUD-water-800x347.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/EBMUD-water-160x69.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of the EBMUD aqueducts from the Mokelumne River Watershed. \u003ccite>(Courtesy EBMUD)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Lake Berryessa\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The 23 mile-long reservoir was created in Napa County in the 1950s, when the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation built Monticello Dam on Putah Creek. Lake Berryessa water feeds several big cities in Solano County.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Local Water Supplies\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many water districts use water from the surrounding watershed. It comes from local streams and rivers, fed by rainfall or is pumped from underground aquifers. Some districts also recycle water, which is primarily used for landscape irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional research by Shara Tonn.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/14623/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from\">A version of this article originally published in 2014\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For most of us in the Bay Area, the journey our water takes to reach us is hidden from view. It travels long distances, sometimes more than a hundred miles! That can leave us disconnected from the source. We go about our days oblivious to how precarious our water resources might be.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700588114,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1078},"headData":{"title":"Bay Area: Do You Know Where Your Water Comes From? | KQED","description":"For most of us in the Bay Area, the journey our water takes to reach us is hidden from view. It travels long distances, sometimes more than a hundred miles! That can leave us disconnected from the source. We go about our days oblivious to how precarious our water resources might be.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious","audioUrl":"https://dcs.megaphone.fm/KQINC1083924910.mp3?key=f1b5fe5c9c47704bcf2b0a37fa982e0e","nprByline":"Lauren Sommer, Ezra David Romero, Katrina Schwartz","path":"/news/11886536/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from-2","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2QoyW8Jt9q3Tq11l8ws3wc?si=3d913de8a11c45a8&nd=1\">Listen to all six episodes of our State of Drought series on Spotify. \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/39fV5VD\">Episode transcript\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area water system is a byzantine patchwork of agencies — more than 50 in all — that provides water to customers. Some are the ones you see on your water bill. Others are middlemen that provide water to local agencies at the wholesale level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some of that water makes a long journey. Southern California has the reputation for tapping far-flung sources for its water needs, but the Bay Area is in the same boat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two-thirds of the Bay Area’s water supply comes from outside the region, which means in extreme drought years, local water districts are competing with many others around the state for limited supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we suffer under another dry period, some parts of the Bay Area are experiencing the drought more acutely because of where they get their water. We’re going to break it down for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Bay Area Water Districts By Major Source of Supply\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886556\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 817px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11886556\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/Screen-Shot-2021-08-26-at-5.45.48-PM.png\" alt=\"Graphic showing where bay area water districts get their water.\" width=\"817\" height=\"791\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/Screen-Shot-2021-08-26-at-5.45.48-PM.png 817w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/Screen-Shot-2021-08-26-at-5.45.48-PM-800x775.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/Screen-Shot-2021-08-26-at-5.45.48-PM-160x155.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 817px) 100vw, 817px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A breakdown of where different regions of the Bay Area get their water. \u003ccite>(Source: \u003ca href=\"https://wrpinfo.org/media/1283/abag-webinar-2015.pdf\">ABAG Infrastructure Vulnerability & Interdependencies Study (2014)\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Hetch Hetchy Water System\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The system originates more than 100 miles from its primary customers, in Yosemite National Park. O’Shaughnessy Dam was built on the Tuolumne River in 1923 to create Hetch Hetchy Reservoir. The water travels through a series of pipelines before it reaches the Bay Area and blends with five local reservoirs. The Tuolumne River joins the San Joaquin River and flows into the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco depends on Hetch Hetchy for its water. The city’s direct access to a large amount of stored water means that even when precipitation levels are lower than average, residents don’t start seeing mandatory water restrictions right away. The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission is also a water wholesaler, selling water to places on the peninsula like Burlingame, Palo Alto, Hillsborough and Redwood City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has long resisted proposals to drain Hetch Hetchy. In 2012, advocates of restoring Hetch Hetchy Valley \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/century-old-battle-over-yosemites-second-valley-heats-up/\">put a measure on the San Francisco ballot\u003c/a> that would have required the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission to study draining the reservoir and shifting the water to other storage facilities. The measure was defeated. In 2018, then Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke met with proponents of restoration, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/No-real-worry-that-Hetch-Hetchy-will-be-drained-13105043.php\">the discussions didn’t lead anywhere\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14633\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/HetchHetchy-1024x368.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-14633\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/HetchHetchy-1024x368.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge map. (Credit: By Shannon1 [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0], via Wikimedia Commons)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"368\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge map. (Credit: By Shannon1 \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AHetchhetchyprojmap.jpg\">via Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California’s two major rivers, the Sacramento and San Joaquin, fed by half a dozen others, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">come together in this inland delta \u003c/a>just east of San Francisco Bay. The Delta’s watershed makes up about 45 percent of the state in all. Two-thirds of Californians use Delta water, delivered mainly through two major canal systems, the State Water Project and the Central Valley Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976534\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 826px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1976534\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/DWR_USGS_bay_deltamap-826x1024-1.jpg\" alt=\"Map of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Bay Delta\" width=\"826\" height=\"1024\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sacramento-San Joaquin Bay Delta is a massive system of waterways that provides water to fish, wildlife and people throughout California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When we have prolonged drought, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/31/state-water-project-deliveries-canceled-because-of-drought\">water deliveries\u003c/a> from both these projects diminish, except for some drinking water supplies. Napa, Santa Clara, and Contra Costa counties all get some water out of the Delta. The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has seen \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">dramatic ecological decline\u003c/a> due to habitat loss, invasive species and highly altered water flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975989/san-jose-relies-on-water-from-the-sierra-nevada-climate-change-is-challenging-that-system\">San Jose, its largest city \u003c/a>— are in a particularly difficult water situation. In 2021, Santa Clara Valley Water, the water agency that serves San Jose, only received 5% of the water it contracts from the state, a quarter of what it sources from the feds, and has seen little local rainfall.\u003cbr>\nOn top of all that, the largest reservoir in Valley Water’s system is virtually empty at 3% full, after it was emptied so that the Anderson Dam near Morgan Hill could undergo seismic retrofitting. Valley Water is asking Santa Clara residents to cut water use by 15% to help stretch their water supplies in case we have another dry winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Russian River Water System\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976536\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1976536\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/RS49926_030_MendocinoCounty_LakeMendocinoDrought_06112021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"New vegetation grows on what was once the lake bed of Lake Mendocino on June 11, 2021.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New vegetation grows on what was once the lake bed of Lake Mendocino on June 11, 2021.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The 110-mile Russian River begins north of the Bay Area in Mendocino County and flows south until it reaches the Pacific Ocean west of Santa Rosa. The water system consists of reservoirs at Lake Sonoma, Lake Mendocino, and water diverted from the Eel River into the Russian River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This region is unique in that no water comes from the Sierra Nevada snowmelt. The Russian River watershed sits isolated from the rest of the state, and in dry times, communities in the region are on their own. In normal years, Sonoma also sells water to Marin County, so in dry years both counties feel the pinch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin Water officials are concerned enough about their situation to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1976066/gripped-by-drought-marin-considers-desalination-water-pipeline-over-the-richmond-bridge\">considering two pricey options\u003c/a>. One is to lease a desalination plant for $37 million. That would provide a third of the county’s drinking water needs. The other option is to build a water pipeline over the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge to transport water purchased from an entity with access to Delta water. That pipeline would cost between $66 – $88 million. Marin built a similar pipeline back in the late 1970s when it was especially dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Mokelumne River Water System\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This river originates in the Central Sierra Nevada and flows west until it reaches the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and San Francisco Bay. The East Bay Municipal Utility District built Pardee Dam on the river near Stockton in 1929. Water is delivered to the Bay Area through the 85-mile Mokelumne Aqueduct, which diverts the river’s water before it reaches the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886541\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11886541\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/EBMUD-water.jpg\" alt=\"Map of the EBMUD aqueducts from the Mokelumne River Watershed.\" width=\"900\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/EBMUD-water.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/EBMUD-water-800x347.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/EBMUD-water-160x69.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of the EBMUD aqueducts from the Mokelumne River Watershed. \u003ccite>(Courtesy EBMUD)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Lake Berryessa\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The 23 mile-long reservoir was created in Napa County in the 1950s, when the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation built Monticello Dam on Putah Creek. Lake Berryessa water feeds several big cities in Solano County.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Local Water Supplies\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many water districts use water from the surrounding watershed. It comes from local streams and rivers, fed by rainfall or is pumped from underground aquifers. Some districts also recycle water, which is primarily used for landscape irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional research by Shara Tonn.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/14623/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from\">A version of this article originally published in 2014\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11886536/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from-2","authors":["byline_news_11886536"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_33520","news_356"],"tags":["news_20447","news_19232","news_17601","news_28199","news_5892","news_464","news_6739"],"featImg":"news_11886547","label":"source_news_11886536"},"news_11886317":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11886317","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11886317","score":null,"sort":[1629972046000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-should-we-be-thinking-about-a-hotter-drier-future-transcript","title":"How Should We Be Thinking About A Hotter, Drier Future? (Transcript)","publishDate":1629972046,"format":"standard","headTitle":"How Should We Be Thinking About A Hotter, Drier Future? (Transcript) | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California is in drought. Again. And the infrastructure used to sustain the state’s 40 million residents — and $50 billion agriculture industry — hasn’t kept up with changing climate patterns. The Bay Curious podcast will explore new ways of thinking about the future of water \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2QoyW8Jt9q3Tq11l8ws3wc?si=3d913de8a11c45a8&nd=1\">in our state as part of a six part series: State of Drought.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC7646401792\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Transcript\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nOlivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> [00:00:00] You’re listening to Bay Curious, I’m \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/oallenprice?lang=en\">Olivia Allen Price\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sounds of rain\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: Isn’t that nice? It’s been a while since I heard that sound. It’s the time of year where every part of me starts craving the rain. But this year, that feeling is especially strong because \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975782/drought-stricken-california-hasnt-mandated-statewide-water-restrictions-heres-why\">we are in a drought\u003c/a>. And if we don’t have a wet winter ahead of us, it could get really bad. Already wells are running dry, reservoirs are concerningly low, and some parts of the Bay Area are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975989/san-jose-relies-on-water-from-the-sierra-nevada-climate-change-is-challenging-that-system\">facing mandatory water restrictions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">The graphics of Lake Mendocino and Lake Sonoma in this article by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ezraromero?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ezraromero\u003c/a> are scary. The lakes are 35% and 54% full respectively and people are feeling the pinch 😓\u003ca href=\"https://t.co/Z22eNqLrvZ\">https://t.co/Z22eNqLrvZ\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/m4CWCZXBqz\">pic.twitter.com/m4CWCZXBqz\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Katrina Schwartz (@Kschwart) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Kschwart/status/1413218874460315649?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 8, 2021\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> [00:00:38] A few weeks ago, we asked you what you wanted to learn about drought in California, and we got dozens of smart and insightful questions. Now it’s time for some answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Theme song starts\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next two weeks, we’ll be sharing five episodes in our series State of Drought. We’ll be focusing on why we’re at a turning point in water management, how different parts of the Bay Area are feeling this drought differently, and — what I’m most excited about — we’ll talk solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, anyone who is even a little familiar with water management in the state knows that it’s a big, complex issue that touches almost everything. So unfortunately, we’re not able to get into some really important parts of the picture, like the needs of wildlife and fish or the complicated system of water rights in the state. But check our show notes and, of course, website for more reading on those topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ll be honest, I thought the series was going to be all doom and gloom, and there was a part of me that was really dreading it. But I’ve learned there’s a lot within our control if we’re smart and plan ahead. Hang on tight. We’re about to get started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Theme song ends\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> [00:01:50] I’ve got a confession to make. I’ve lived in California for seven years and I only just saw the movie Chinatown. If you haven’t seen it, know this: It’s considered among the greatest movies of all time. And it’s probably \u003cem>the\u003c/em> movie that people think of when they think of California and water. The film is loosely based on true events, when Los Angeles bought up water rights in the rural Owens Valley and then stole its water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chinatown clip:\u003c/strong> [00:02:29] You steal water from the valley, ruin the grazing, starve our livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> [00:02:33] It may be Hollywood, but the water wars are very much alive. But here’s the thing, almost every expert that we spoke with for this series has said this kind of thinking, this us versus them mentality, it’s not helpful if we want to make sure that all 40 million Californians can keep living and working in California. We need a new approach. Producer \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kschwart?lang=en\">Katrina Schwartz\u003c/a> is here to help us think through it. Hi, Katrina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:02:58] Hi, Olivia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> [00:03:00] Didn’t we just get through a drought? Like, how are we here again?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:03:04] We did, and it didn’t officially end until 2017. But here we are again because we’re seeing more frequent, hot, dry periods. And that’s in part because of our changing climate. The problem is that a lot of the state’s water infrastructure, that’s like the dams, the aqueducts, the pipelines, they were all built with the belief that California would always get lots of snow in the mountains each winter. The system is built under the assumption that about 30 percent of our water will slowly melt each spring and fill up the reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> [00:03:35] But it’s not happening like that anymore. As the climate changes, we’re seeing these dramatic swings between wet and dry. Take this last year, we saw a few big storms and not much else. [00:03:46][10.1]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:03:46] Yeah, and it was good skiing when it happened, but then there was nothing. So our infrastructure isn’t built to handle that. I spoke with Newsha Ajami about this. She’s the director of Urban Water Policy at Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:03:57] Newsha, tell us a little bit about how California has traditionally thought about drought and help us to understand why we can’t really think about it that way anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Newsha Ajami:\u003c/strong> [00:04:10] Droughts used to be these events that would occasionally happen. And we would always have long enough wet periods, or normal periods, in between that our groundwater basically could recover. Our ecosystem could recover. Generally speaking, we could recover from the stress that was put on us by the drought. Unfortunately, what we are seeing now is more frequent droughts and drier and hotter droughts, which means that there is very limited time for any part of our system to fully recover. It’s becoming something much more frequent and maybe our new normal, so we have to actually shift our mindset. We have to rethink the way we as individuals behave. We have to sort of embrace this as our new reality. And if we actually take this as a new normal, we will certainly don’t function and govern and manage our resources the way we are doing it right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:05:19] I know it’s tempting to look at another part of the state and say, look, they are the problem, but in reality, everything we’ve talked about from the changing weather patterns to the outdated infrastructure, all that impacts both cities and farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Newsha Ajami:\u003c/strong> [00:05:34] If you think about it, in California, we have this is very, very impressive, sophisticated and complex water infrastructure network and water system that moves water from water rich areas to areas that don’t necessarily have a lot of water. And that infrastructure design has enabled population growth in regions that don’t naturally would be able to maintain the amount of population that they have, or be able to function as they do. So every part of the state sort of experiencing this from our Bay Area to all the way to Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:06:10] which also sort of means that we can’t afford to be divided on this anymore. I mean, I think you see a lot of conflict over water, and finger pointing about who wastes more water, who’s more responsible for being irresponsible with water. But it sort of seems like we’re all in the same boat here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Newsha Ajami:\u003c/strong> [00:06:25] Yeah, we all in the same boat here. There are definitely groups that they can do better, cities that they can do better, agricultural practices that can be improved, industries that can do better. But there are always people out there that can do better. Agriculture does consume about 70 percent of our water. And the urban areas, around 20 percent. In between is some industries. The reality is in our cities that we live in, we use the products from agriculture. We change our diet patterns based on the agricultural products that we want. And also we actually have a lot of food waste, which also has a significant water footprint. We are part of this cycle no matter what we do, and we have to shift this paradigm together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:07:09] One quick note about consumption numbers here. Newsha is talking about the water humans use, but when we look at \u003cem>all\u003c/em> the water in the state, you’ll often hear a different breakdown. About half of all the water in the state goes back into the environment, 40 percent is used by agriculture and 10 percent is used in urban centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:07:27] What are like one or two big dramatic changes that agriculture could do to conserve water and play their part in the fact that we’re all in this together? [00:07:41][31.8]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Newsha Ajami:\u003c/strong> [00:07:42] Agriculture can do a lot more to recharge groundwater, to actually preserve groundwater, to not use a lot of groundwater. Now that we’re moving to more permanent crops such as orchards and trees, those kind of crops, they require a lot of water and are permanent. So you can’t really not water them. So as far as we have a lot of those already, that’s I guess it’s the reality. But you should actually not grow more. Maybe we should not transition to a lot of these permanent crops. And also, there’s a lot of waste in this process as well. How can we reduce that waste, therefore sort of harness that water or reduce their water footprint, which is like extremely important because there’s a lot of products that actually are grown use water and soil and also the resources, but they never make it to the market and they’re actually go to waste. [00:08:34][52.6]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:08:35] OK, some good ideas for agriculture, but I know that there’s a lot that we who live in cities can do as well. So in the spirit of everyone kind of playing their part, how do you recommend that we approach the future?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Newsha Ajami:\u003c/strong> [00:08:48] I would say no matter where we are looking, always conservation and efficiency comes first. It is the cheapest water that we can have. It’s the best water that we can have. And actually it reduces the amount of degradation we are causing to the environment or the quality of the water. Another one that is actually sort of the same level is protecting our water supplies. We have a lot of water supplies that are impacted by various industrial activities or the quality of the water has been degraded for various reasons. So as we’re thinking about solutions, one other thing, one other way to think about it is as we’re building future cities, future communities, new housing developments, do we really need to build it the same way we build it 50 years ago, 100 years ago? Or do we need to rethink the way we do things that can very much change the way we use water and we consume water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:09:41] As we’re thinking about these solutions for the future, building for the future, planning for the future, how do we keep equity at the center and make sure that we don’t leave behind the folks who maybe can’t buy their way out of this problem?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Newsha Ajami:\u003c/strong> [00:09:53] That is actually a very, very important point that you brought up. A couple of things. One is, as I was listing my priorities on how to deal with future water needs, you noticed I started some conservation efficiency and then went down to like reuse, recycling. The reality is whatever we do ends up adding to the cost of infrastructure that we have now. The “haves” can do it, maybe. But within all those communities that major water utilities, there are also people who cannot afford to pay for the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:10:26] This is kind of a complicated point she’s making. The rate we pay for water isn’t just for the water itself. It’s also for the stuff we do to get the water here and to clean it up. The more we have to treat the water, the more expensive it is. Newsha is worried that water districts will invest in big, expensive projects like desalination plants based on the current demand numbers. But then down the road, as people figure out ways to gradually get off the grid, like by installing a greywater water system, only the poorest people will be paying for that very expensive water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Newsha Ajami:\u003c/strong> [00:10:59] So if we end up investing in infrastructure that’s not needed, then some of these people will be left to pay for this legacy infrastructure or pay for infrastructure that we don’t need. So it’s very, very important as we are transitioning, we do this in a very strategic way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:11:25] You know, as we’re thinking about the future, are we doomed or can we get out of this if we do the right things?\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nNewsha Ajami:\u003c/strong> [00:11:31] Yeah, I mean, look, there’s a lot of inefficiencies in our current system that can be fixed. We definitely can do a lot more. And just to sort of make sure we use every drop of water properly. And if we do all the right things, we can survive. But if we don’t, we can actually have a serious breakdown in the system. So we have to be able to adapt to this new reality, which means that we have to rethink how we’re using the water in different ways and reduce waste. That’s the most important part of this process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> [00:12:11] That was Newsha Ajami, the director of Urban Water Policy at Stanford. Tomorrow, we’ll be talking about where our water here in the Bay Area comes from specifically and why it matters. Bay Curious is made by Katrina Schwartz, Brendan Willard, Sebastian Miño-Buchelli, and me, Olivia Allen Price. We are a production of member-supported KQED in San Francisco. We’ll be back tomorrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion] \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California is in drought. Again. And the infrastructure used to sustain the state’s 40 million residents — and $50 billion agriculture industry — hasn’t kept up with new climate patterns. To adapt to this changing reality Californians need to pull together and make changes to how we manage our water.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700588124,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":41,"wordCount":2517},"headData":{"title":"How Should We Be Thinking About A Hotter, Drier Future? (Transcript) | KQED","description":"California is in drought. Again. And the infrastructure used to sustain the state’s 40 million residents — and $50 billion agriculture industry — hasn’t kept up with new climate patterns. To adapt to this changing reality Californians need to pull together and make changes to how we manage our water.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC7646401792.mp3?updated=1629933133","path":"/news/11886317/how-should-we-be-thinking-about-a-hotter-drier-future-transcript","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is in drought. Again. And the infrastructure used to sustain the state’s 40 million residents — and $50 billion agriculture industry — hasn’t kept up with changing climate patterns. The Bay Curious podcast will explore new ways of thinking about the future of water \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2QoyW8Jt9q3Tq11l8ws3wc?si=3d913de8a11c45a8&nd=1\">in our state as part of a six part series: State of Drought.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC7646401792\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Transcript\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nOlivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> [00:00:00] You’re listening to Bay Curious, I’m \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/oallenprice?lang=en\">Olivia Allen Price\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sounds of rain\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: Isn’t that nice? It’s been a while since I heard that sound. It’s the time of year where every part of me starts craving the rain. But this year, that feeling is especially strong because \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975782/drought-stricken-california-hasnt-mandated-statewide-water-restrictions-heres-why\">we are in a drought\u003c/a>. And if we don’t have a wet winter ahead of us, it could get really bad. Already wells are running dry, reservoirs are concerningly low, and some parts of the Bay Area are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975989/san-jose-relies-on-water-from-the-sierra-nevada-climate-change-is-challenging-that-system\">facing mandatory water restrictions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">The graphics of Lake Mendocino and Lake Sonoma in this article by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ezraromero?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ezraromero\u003c/a> are scary. The lakes are 35% and 54% full respectively and people are feeling the pinch 😓\u003ca href=\"https://t.co/Z22eNqLrvZ\">https://t.co/Z22eNqLrvZ\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/m4CWCZXBqz\">pic.twitter.com/m4CWCZXBqz\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Katrina Schwartz (@Kschwart) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Kschwart/status/1413218874460315649?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 8, 2021\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> [00:00:38] A few weeks ago, we asked you what you wanted to learn about drought in California, and we got dozens of smart and insightful questions. Now it’s time for some answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Theme song starts\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next two weeks, we’ll be sharing five episodes in our series State of Drought. We’ll be focusing on why we’re at a turning point in water management, how different parts of the Bay Area are feeling this drought differently, and — what I’m most excited about — we’ll talk solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, anyone who is even a little familiar with water management in the state knows that it’s a big, complex issue that touches almost everything. So unfortunately, we’re not able to get into some really important parts of the picture, like the needs of wildlife and fish or the complicated system of water rights in the state. But check our show notes and, of course, website for more reading on those topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ll be honest, I thought the series was going to be all doom and gloom, and there was a part of me that was really dreading it. But I’ve learned there’s a lot within our control if we’re smart and plan ahead. Hang on tight. We’re about to get started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Theme song ends\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> [00:01:50] I’ve got a confession to make. I’ve lived in California for seven years and I only just saw the movie Chinatown. If you haven’t seen it, know this: It’s considered among the greatest movies of all time. And it’s probably \u003cem>the\u003c/em> movie that people think of when they think of California and water. The film is loosely based on true events, when Los Angeles bought up water rights in the rural Owens Valley and then stole its water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chinatown clip:\u003c/strong> [00:02:29] You steal water from the valley, ruin the grazing, starve our livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> [00:02:33] It may be Hollywood, but the water wars are very much alive. But here’s the thing, almost every expert that we spoke with for this series has said this kind of thinking, this us versus them mentality, it’s not helpful if we want to make sure that all 40 million Californians can keep living and working in California. We need a new approach. Producer \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kschwart?lang=en\">Katrina Schwartz\u003c/a> is here to help us think through it. Hi, Katrina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:02:58] Hi, Olivia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> [00:03:00] Didn’t we just get through a drought? Like, how are we here again?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:03:04] We did, and it didn’t officially end until 2017. But here we are again because we’re seeing more frequent, hot, dry periods. And that’s in part because of our changing climate. The problem is that a lot of the state’s water infrastructure, that’s like the dams, the aqueducts, the pipelines, they were all built with the belief that California would always get lots of snow in the mountains each winter. The system is built under the assumption that about 30 percent of our water will slowly melt each spring and fill up the reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> [00:03:35] But it’s not happening like that anymore. As the climate changes, we’re seeing these dramatic swings between wet and dry. Take this last year, we saw a few big storms and not much else. [00:03:46][10.1]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:03:46] Yeah, and it was good skiing when it happened, but then there was nothing. So our infrastructure isn’t built to handle that. I spoke with Newsha Ajami about this. She’s the director of Urban Water Policy at Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:03:57] Newsha, tell us a little bit about how California has traditionally thought about drought and help us to understand why we can’t really think about it that way anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Newsha Ajami:\u003c/strong> [00:04:10] Droughts used to be these events that would occasionally happen. And we would always have long enough wet periods, or normal periods, in between that our groundwater basically could recover. Our ecosystem could recover. Generally speaking, we could recover from the stress that was put on us by the drought. Unfortunately, what we are seeing now is more frequent droughts and drier and hotter droughts, which means that there is very limited time for any part of our system to fully recover. It’s becoming something much more frequent and maybe our new normal, so we have to actually shift our mindset. We have to rethink the way we as individuals behave. We have to sort of embrace this as our new reality. And if we actually take this as a new normal, we will certainly don’t function and govern and manage our resources the way we are doing it right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:05:19] I know it’s tempting to look at another part of the state and say, look, they are the problem, but in reality, everything we’ve talked about from the changing weather patterns to the outdated infrastructure, all that impacts both cities and farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Newsha Ajami:\u003c/strong> [00:05:34] If you think about it, in California, we have this is very, very impressive, sophisticated and complex water infrastructure network and water system that moves water from water rich areas to areas that don’t necessarily have a lot of water. And that infrastructure design has enabled population growth in regions that don’t naturally would be able to maintain the amount of population that they have, or be able to function as they do. So every part of the state sort of experiencing this from our Bay Area to all the way to Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:06:10] which also sort of means that we can’t afford to be divided on this anymore. I mean, I think you see a lot of conflict over water, and finger pointing about who wastes more water, who’s more responsible for being irresponsible with water. But it sort of seems like we’re all in the same boat here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Newsha Ajami:\u003c/strong> [00:06:25] Yeah, we all in the same boat here. There are definitely groups that they can do better, cities that they can do better, agricultural practices that can be improved, industries that can do better. But there are always people out there that can do better. Agriculture does consume about 70 percent of our water. And the urban areas, around 20 percent. In between is some industries. The reality is in our cities that we live in, we use the products from agriculture. We change our diet patterns based on the agricultural products that we want. And also we actually have a lot of food waste, which also has a significant water footprint. We are part of this cycle no matter what we do, and we have to shift this paradigm together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:07:09] One quick note about consumption numbers here. Newsha is talking about the water humans use, but when we look at \u003cem>all\u003c/em> the water in the state, you’ll often hear a different breakdown. About half of all the water in the state goes back into the environment, 40 percent is used by agriculture and 10 percent is used in urban centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:07:27] What are like one or two big dramatic changes that agriculture could do to conserve water and play their part in the fact that we’re all in this together? [00:07:41][31.8]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Newsha Ajami:\u003c/strong> [00:07:42] Agriculture can do a lot more to recharge groundwater, to actually preserve groundwater, to not use a lot of groundwater. Now that we’re moving to more permanent crops such as orchards and trees, those kind of crops, they require a lot of water and are permanent. So you can’t really not water them. So as far as we have a lot of those already, that’s I guess it’s the reality. But you should actually not grow more. Maybe we should not transition to a lot of these permanent crops. And also, there’s a lot of waste in this process as well. How can we reduce that waste, therefore sort of harness that water or reduce their water footprint, which is like extremely important because there’s a lot of products that actually are grown use water and soil and also the resources, but they never make it to the market and they’re actually go to waste. [00:08:34][52.6]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:08:35] OK, some good ideas for agriculture, but I know that there’s a lot that we who live in cities can do as well. So in the spirit of everyone kind of playing their part, how do you recommend that we approach the future?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Newsha Ajami:\u003c/strong> [00:08:48] I would say no matter where we are looking, always conservation and efficiency comes first. It is the cheapest water that we can have. It’s the best water that we can have. And actually it reduces the amount of degradation we are causing to the environment or the quality of the water. Another one that is actually sort of the same level is protecting our water supplies. We have a lot of water supplies that are impacted by various industrial activities or the quality of the water has been degraded for various reasons. So as we’re thinking about solutions, one other thing, one other way to think about it is as we’re building future cities, future communities, new housing developments, do we really need to build it the same way we build it 50 years ago, 100 years ago? Or do we need to rethink the way we do things that can very much change the way we use water and we consume water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:09:41] As we’re thinking about these solutions for the future, building for the future, planning for the future, how do we keep equity at the center and make sure that we don’t leave behind the folks who maybe can’t buy their way out of this problem?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Newsha Ajami:\u003c/strong> [00:09:53] That is actually a very, very important point that you brought up. A couple of things. One is, as I was listing my priorities on how to deal with future water needs, you noticed I started some conservation efficiency and then went down to like reuse, recycling. The reality is whatever we do ends up adding to the cost of infrastructure that we have now. The “haves” can do it, maybe. But within all those communities that major water utilities, there are also people who cannot afford to pay for the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:10:26] This is kind of a complicated point she’s making. The rate we pay for water isn’t just for the water itself. It’s also for the stuff we do to get the water here and to clean it up. The more we have to treat the water, the more expensive it is. Newsha is worried that water districts will invest in big, expensive projects like desalination plants based on the current demand numbers. But then down the road, as people figure out ways to gradually get off the grid, like by installing a greywater water system, only the poorest people will be paying for that very expensive water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Newsha Ajami:\u003c/strong> [00:10:59] So if we end up investing in infrastructure that’s not needed, then some of these people will be left to pay for this legacy infrastructure or pay for infrastructure that we don’t need. So it’s very, very important as we are transitioning, we do this in a very strategic way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> [00:11:25] You know, as we’re thinking about the future, are we doomed or can we get out of this if we do the right things?\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nNewsha Ajami:\u003c/strong> [00:11:31] Yeah, I mean, look, there’s a lot of inefficiencies in our current system that can be fixed. We definitely can do a lot more. And just to sort of make sure we use every drop of water properly. And if we do all the right things, we can survive. But if we don’t, we can actually have a serious breakdown in the system. So we have to be able to adapt to this new reality, which means that we have to rethink how we’re using the water in different ways and reduce waste. That’s the most important part of this process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> [00:12:11] That was Newsha Ajami, the director of Urban Water Policy at Stanford. Tomorrow, we’ll be talking about where our water here in the Bay Area comes from specifically and why it matters. Bay Curious is made by Katrina Schwartz, Brendan Willard, Sebastian Miño-Buchelli, and me, Olivia Allen Price. We are a production of member-supported KQED in San Francisco. We’ll be back tomorrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11886317/how-should-we-be-thinking-about-a-hotter-drier-future-transcript","authors":["234"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_33520","news_356"],"tags":["news_19232","news_17601","news_28199","news_5892","news_29387","news_464","news_6739"],"featImg":"news_11886325","label":"source_news_11886317"},"news_11868474":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11868474","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11868474","score":null,"sort":[1617876081000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-the-bay-area-is-using-water-power-and-landfill-space-during-the-pandemic","title":"How the Bay Area Is Using Water, Power and Landfill Space During the Pandemic","publishDate":1617876081,"format":"standard","headTitle":"How the Bay Area Is Using Water, Power and Landfill Space During the Pandemic | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The Bay Area is starting to return to normal with vaccine distribution continuing at a good pace and Gov. Gavin Newsom announcing that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11868240/newsom-announces-plan-to-open-up-business-as-usual-in-california-by-june-15\">California could fully open up its economy by June 15, 2021\u003c/a>. But, the past year has impacted every area of life, including how we consume resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Kelly Runyon was curious how the pandemic impacted how people in the Bay Area use water, electricity and landfill space. And, his question won a voting round, so it’s clear many people are interested in the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resource use has fluctuated over the past year as counties have opened up more businesses or closed them down again. But in the most general sense, consumption shifted from commercial to residential use. We’ll look at water, electricity and landfill use one by one.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Water Use\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Commercial and tourism hubs like San Francisco saw the biggest decreases in water use. That’s because thousands of non-residents flow into San Francisco to work and play every day. They all use water when they’re in the city, but since hotels, restaurants and big office buildings have been largely shut down or are operating at a reduced capacity, there’s been a lot less water use in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residential water use in San Francisco is up 5%, and commercial water use is down 38%. That means overall the city used 8% less water, says Will Reisman, press secretary for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfwater.org/\">San Francisco Public Utilities Commission\u003c/a>, which provides the city’s water. It might seem like the drop should be bigger, given the gap between those two numbers, but Reisman says there are far more residences than businesses, which offset the decrease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other parts of the Bay Area, the water picture looks different. More residential counties, like Marin and parts of the East Bay, saw fairly steady water usage from before the pandemic to now. Trends there are driven more by the seasons — people water their yards more in the summer — and whether there’s a drought or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC provides wholesale water to several other communities on the peninsula, so Reisman had a little more insight into water usage there, where he says trends were not uniform. In Burlingame and Palo Alto, usage was down, but in Hillsborough and Redwood City usage was up.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Electricity Use\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11868497\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11868497\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS42845_GettyImages-1217248264-qut.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco MUNI buses sit parked at an SF Municipal Railway yard during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on April 06, 2020 in San Francisco, California. The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) announced that they are cutting service to a majority of their 89 bus lines in the City of San Francisco as ridership plummets due to the coronavirus shelter in place. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS42845_GettyImages-1217248264-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS42845_GettyImages-1217248264-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS42845_GettyImages-1217248264-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS42845_GettyImages-1217248264-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS42845_GettyImages-1217248264-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Muni buses sit parked at a San Francisco Municipal Railway yard during the coronavirus pandemic on April 6, 2020 in San Francisco. The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency announced that they are cutting service to a majority of their 89 bus lines in the city of San Francisco as ridership plummets due to the coronavirus shelter in place. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=70\">SFPUC provides power to most municipal buildings\u003c/a> in the city, as well as big power users like Muni and San Francisco International Airport. Reisman says they saw a decrease of 17% overall, which makes sense because Muni has cut back service, many city workers have been working from home and SFO hasn’t been nearly as busy. Reisman did note, however, the decrease wasn’t uniform; there were upticks in power used for sewage treatment, public hospitals and street lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also had some insight into the shift in residential and commercial usage patterns because of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cleanpowersf.org/\">CleanPowerSF program\u003c/a>, which provides renewable energy to about 380,000 San Francisco residents and businesses. He says there they saw predictable shifts: Residential use went up 7% and commercial use went down 18%. That means, overall, CleanPowerSF customers used 8% less electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were, I think, a little surprised that the commercial usage wasn’t down more,” Reisman said. “But I think you understand that some of these big buildings have to keep the lights on to an extent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also thinks it points to the resilience of many San Francisco businesses. Even under difficult circumstances, restaurants and other businesses were operating, and thus using power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E is another big power provider in the Bay Area. They also saw declines in consumption, although they wouldn’t break the numbers out by city or region. A PG&E spokesperson said from March 2020 through the end of the year, power usage was down 2% across all 5.1 million PG&E accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Trash and Landfill Space\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“For the first six months of the pandemic, it was about a 10% total reduction in the amount of waste that was being disposed in California landfills,” said Mark Murray, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.cawrecycles.org/\">Californians Against Waste\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says households are producing more waste, but commercial waste streams make up between 40% and 45% of California’s waste. Due to the shutdowns, businesses produced far less waste during the first six months of 2020, leading to the overall decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.recology.com/\">Recology\u003c/a>, San Francisco’s curbside waste contractor, confirmed this trend. When they compared the last quarter of 2019 to the same period in 2020, they found that commercial waste was down 33%, while residential waste was only up 2%. That means for that quarter, Recology sent 14% less trash to the landfill. That’s about six huge 18-wheeler truck loads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recology also noted that recyclables collected on mostly residential routes were up, and they’re proud to have continued their recycling and composting programs during the pandemic when other cities suspended these services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase in recycling could be due, in part, to what Murray calls “the Amazon effect.” Online shopping was popular before the pandemic, but it only went up as people stayed home. That means more cardboard boxes, flexible plastic containers that cannot be recycled and a fairly inefficient delivery system. He hopes retailers like Amazon will start using materials that can be more easily recycled. But, he thinks it’s important consumers know the impact they’re having, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This whole pandemic does represent a window into what might be if we were actually to change behavior and change systems so that we reduced our consumption,” Murray said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In general, the Bay Area used less electricity and landfill space during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Water use was down in commercial hubs like San Francisco, but stable in more residential communities.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700588760,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1033},"headData":{"title":"How the Bay Area Is Using Water, Power and Landfill Space During the Pandemic | KQED","description":"In general, the Bay Area used less electricity and landfill space during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Water use was down in commercial hubs like San Francisco, but stable in more residential communities.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC6015797810.mp3?updated=1617829827","path":"/news/11868474/how-the-bay-area-is-using-water-power-and-landfill-space-during-the-pandemic","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Bay Area is starting to return to normal with vaccine distribution continuing at a good pace and Gov. Gavin Newsom announcing that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11868240/newsom-announces-plan-to-open-up-business-as-usual-in-california-by-june-15\">California could fully open up its economy by June 15, 2021\u003c/a>. But, the past year has impacted every area of life, including how we consume resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Kelly Runyon was curious how the pandemic impacted how people in the Bay Area use water, electricity and landfill space. And, his question won a voting round, so it’s clear many people are interested in the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resource use has fluctuated over the past year as counties have opened up more businesses or closed them down again. But in the most general sense, consumption shifted from commercial to residential use. We’ll look at water, electricity and landfill use one by one.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Water Use\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Commercial and tourism hubs like San Francisco saw the biggest decreases in water use. That’s because thousands of non-residents flow into San Francisco to work and play every day. They all use water when they’re in the city, but since hotels, restaurants and big office buildings have been largely shut down or are operating at a reduced capacity, there’s been a lot less water use in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residential water use in San Francisco is up 5%, and commercial water use is down 38%. That means overall the city used 8% less water, says Will Reisman, press secretary for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfwater.org/\">San Francisco Public Utilities Commission\u003c/a>, which provides the city’s water. It might seem like the drop should be bigger, given the gap between those two numbers, but Reisman says there are far more residences than businesses, which offset the decrease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other parts of the Bay Area, the water picture looks different. More residential counties, like Marin and parts of the East Bay, saw fairly steady water usage from before the pandemic to now. Trends there are driven more by the seasons — people water their yards more in the summer — and whether there’s a drought or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC provides wholesale water to several other communities on the peninsula, so Reisman had a little more insight into water usage there, where he says trends were not uniform. In Burlingame and Palo Alto, usage was down, but in Hillsborough and Redwood City usage was up.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Electricity Use\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11868497\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11868497\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS42845_GettyImages-1217248264-qut.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco MUNI buses sit parked at an SF Municipal Railway yard during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on April 06, 2020 in San Francisco, California. The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) announced that they are cutting service to a majority of their 89 bus lines in the City of San Francisco as ridership plummets due to the coronavirus shelter in place. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS42845_GettyImages-1217248264-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS42845_GettyImages-1217248264-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS42845_GettyImages-1217248264-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS42845_GettyImages-1217248264-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS42845_GettyImages-1217248264-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Muni buses sit parked at a San Francisco Municipal Railway yard during the coronavirus pandemic on April 6, 2020 in San Francisco. The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency announced that they are cutting service to a majority of their 89 bus lines in the city of San Francisco as ridership plummets due to the coronavirus shelter in place. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=70\">SFPUC provides power to most municipal buildings\u003c/a> in the city, as well as big power users like Muni and San Francisco International Airport. Reisman says they saw a decrease of 17% overall, which makes sense because Muni has cut back service, many city workers have been working from home and SFO hasn’t been nearly as busy. Reisman did note, however, the decrease wasn’t uniform; there were upticks in power used for sewage treatment, public hospitals and street lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also had some insight into the shift in residential and commercial usage patterns because of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cleanpowersf.org/\">CleanPowerSF program\u003c/a>, which provides renewable energy to about 380,000 San Francisco residents and businesses. He says there they saw predictable shifts: Residential use went up 7% and commercial use went down 18%. That means, overall, CleanPowerSF customers used 8% less electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were, I think, a little surprised that the commercial usage wasn’t down more,” Reisman said. “But I think you understand that some of these big buildings have to keep the lights on to an extent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also thinks it points to the resilience of many San Francisco businesses. Even under difficult circumstances, restaurants and other businesses were operating, and thus using power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E is another big power provider in the Bay Area. They also saw declines in consumption, although they wouldn’t break the numbers out by city or region. A PG&E spokesperson said from March 2020 through the end of the year, power usage was down 2% across all 5.1 million PG&E accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Trash and Landfill Space\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“For the first six months of the pandemic, it was about a 10% total reduction in the amount of waste that was being disposed in California landfills,” said Mark Murray, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.cawrecycles.org/\">Californians Against Waste\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says households are producing more waste, but commercial waste streams make up between 40% and 45% of California’s waste. Due to the shutdowns, businesses produced far less waste during the first six months of 2020, leading to the overall decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.recology.com/\">Recology\u003c/a>, San Francisco’s curbside waste contractor, confirmed this trend. When they compared the last quarter of 2019 to the same period in 2020, they found that commercial waste was down 33%, while residential waste was only up 2%. That means for that quarter, Recology sent 14% less trash to the landfill. That’s about six huge 18-wheeler truck loads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recology also noted that recyclables collected on mostly residential routes were up, and they’re proud to have continued their recycling and composting programs during the pandemic when other cities suspended these services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase in recycling could be due, in part, to what Murray calls “the Amazon effect.” Online shopping was popular before the pandemic, but it only went up as people stayed home. That means more cardboard boxes, flexible plastic containers that cannot be recycled and a fairly inefficient delivery system. He hopes retailers like Amazon will start using materials that can be more easily recycled. But, he thinks it’s important consumers know the impact they’re having, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This whole pandemic does represent a window into what might be if we were actually to change behavior and change systems so that we reduced our consumption,” Murray said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11868474/how-the-bay-area-is-using-water-power-and-landfill-space-during-the-pandemic","authors":["234"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_19906","news_28250","news_33520"],"tags":["news_19232","news_21973","news_20023","news_5798"],"featImg":"news_11868492","label":"source_news_11868474"},"news_11690367":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11690367","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11690367","score":null,"sort":[1536099491000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-help-on-the-way-for-californians-with-tainted-water","title":"Is Help on the Way for Californians With Tainted Water?","publishDate":1536099491,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Karen Lewis knows about water problems. The 67-year-old lives in Compton, where the water coming out of her tap is tinged brown by manganese, a metal similar to iron, from old pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water is supplied by the troubled Sativa Los Angeles County Water District. The district has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-sativa-water-district-20180711-story.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">plagued\u003c/a> by administrative scandal and charges of mismanagement, and it hasn’t been able to generate the money needed to fix the brown water. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis has sat through innumerable community meetings and heard years’ worth of explanations, and she’s had enough. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing’s been changed,” she said. “They’re not going to change.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis is one of an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article211474679.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">360,000 Californians\u003c/a> who can’t safely drink the water that flows to their homes. It’s not a new issue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Central Valley, in particular, excess amounts of arsenic, nitrates and other substances that can cause cancers and birth defects have tainted drinking water. In Compton, residents have been living with foul-smelling brown water because the cost of fixing the pipes is high, and many can’t afford to buy a constant supply of bottled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, in the wake of the state’s prolonged drought and the notorious water crisis in Flint, Mich., a number of new solutions have been proposed in California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>On Friday, lawmakers shelved two bills that supporters said would have helped. Under one voluntary \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB845\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">measure\u003c/a>, nearly all water districts in the state would have charged customers an additional 95 cents a month, unless the customers opted out of paying it. First proposed by Democratic state Sen. Bill Monning of Carmel as a mandatory tax, it didn’t muster the necessary two-thirds vote for passage, and Monning scaled it back.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Monning also advanced a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB844\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">tax\u003c/a> on dairies and fertilizer makers, industries that are heavy contributors to the nitrates found in some of the state’s groundwater. Associations representing those industries endorsed the bill, in part because the paying companies would have been protected from having to clean tainted water of nitrates. Legislators estimated that together the two bills could have raised more than $100 million a year. Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon, a Democrat from Paramount, declined Friday to put the two measures to a vote.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In November, California voters will decide on \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_3,_Water_Infrastructure_and_Watershed_Conservation_Bond_Initiative_(2018)\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 3\u003c/a>, which would permit the state to borrow almost $9 billion to help fund all kinds of water infrastructure projects: storage, dam repairs, watershed improvements and restoration of fisheries and other habitat. Voters in June approved a bond measure for more than $4 billion, some of it for waterway cleanup.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In this summer’s state budget agreement, more than $23 million was set aside for safer drinking water, with another $5 million to address lead in water at child-care centers.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Last week, activists rallied outside California’s Capitol, trying to build support for the two Monning bills. The measures wouldn’t have solved all the state’s drinking-water problems, but money from both could have been used for operations, not just infrastructure projects, said Phoebe Seaton, co-director of the nonprofit Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, based in Fresno. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason they’re so important is they provide the revenue necessary for operations maintenance,” Seaton said. The ballot measure bond money could be spent only on infrastructure improvements. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means helping … some districts get solvent so they can apply for grants,” she said. “They complement the bond funds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was music to the ears of Compton residents. Their water district was the poster child for Monning’s bills. One crucial step for that district, Seaton said, is to get financially straight so it can secure the grants necessary to make improvements. Without the operational funding from the bills, she said, the Sativa district will continue to founder. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Tuck, deputy executive director of the Association of Water Agencies, a statewide trade group, said another tax is not the way to go and might cause more problems than it would solve. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a social issue for the state of California, and the state should do something about it,” Tuck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690397\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-800x461.jpg\" alt=\"State Sen. Bill Monning, right, at a hearing. Money raised by two bills advanced by Monning could have been used for both water operations and water infrastructure projects. Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon declined to put the two measures to a vote.\" width=\"800\" height=\"461\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11690397\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-160x92.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-240x138.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-375x216.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-520x300.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Sen. Bill Monning, right, at a hearing. Money raised by two bills advanced by Monning could have been used for both water operations and water infrastructure projects. Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon declined to put the two measures to a vote. \u003ccite>(Robbie Short/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The opt-out provision of the voluntary fee, she said, could have caused chaos in water companies’ billing systems. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water agencies have automated electronic systems,” Tuck said, and giving people a choice about paying one part of their bill runs counter to that. “I had one city tell me it would be over a million dollars just to change their system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many customers might not even have known they’d paid an additional fee, she said, particularly if they used an auto-pay feature. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if customers paid the voluntary charge without meaning to, they could have had their money refunded, setting off another complicated accounting procedure, Tuck said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a logistical nightmare,” she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seaton had a different view: “There has been a lot of thinking on this. That’s why (there would have been) a notification period beforehand to include people.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the bill wouldn’t have gone into effect until 2020, she noted—enough time for some of those logistical details to be ironed out. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis just wants relief from the brown stuff dribbling from her faucet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not safe,” she said. “It can’t be safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An estimated 360,000 Californians can’t safely drink the water that comes out of their taps. The Assembly shelved two bills supporters said would have helped.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1536099491,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":987},"headData":{"title":"Is Help on the Way for Californians With Tainted Water? | KQED","description":"An estimated 360,000 Californians can’t safely drink the water that comes out of their taps. The Assembly shelved two bills supporters said would have helped.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11690367 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11690367","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/09/04/is-help-on-the-way-for-californians-with-tainted-water/","disqusTitle":"Is Help on the Way for Californians With Tainted Water?","source":"CALmatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","path":"/news/11690367/is-help-on-the-way-for-californians-with-tainted-water","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Karen Lewis knows about water problems. The 67-year-old lives in Compton, where the water coming out of her tap is tinged brown by manganese, a metal similar to iron, from old pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water is supplied by the troubled Sativa Los Angeles County Water District. The district has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-sativa-water-district-20180711-story.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">plagued\u003c/a> by administrative scandal and charges of mismanagement, and it hasn’t been able to generate the money needed to fix the brown water. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis has sat through innumerable community meetings and heard years’ worth of explanations, and she’s had enough. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing’s been changed,” she said. “They’re not going to change.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis is one of an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article211474679.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">360,000 Californians\u003c/a> who can’t safely drink the water that flows to their homes. It’s not a new issue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Central Valley, in particular, excess amounts of arsenic, nitrates and other substances that can cause cancers and birth defects have tainted drinking water. In Compton, residents have been living with foul-smelling brown water because the cost of fixing the pipes is high, and many can’t afford to buy a constant supply of bottled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, in the wake of the state’s prolonged drought and the notorious water crisis in Flint, Mich., a number of new solutions have been proposed in California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>On Friday, lawmakers shelved two bills that supporters said would have helped. Under one voluntary \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB845\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">measure\u003c/a>, nearly all water districts in the state would have charged customers an additional 95 cents a month, unless the customers opted out of paying it. First proposed by Democratic state Sen. Bill Monning of Carmel as a mandatory tax, it didn’t muster the necessary two-thirds vote for passage, and Monning scaled it back.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Monning also advanced a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB844\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">tax\u003c/a> on dairies and fertilizer makers, industries that are heavy contributors to the nitrates found in some of the state’s groundwater. Associations representing those industries endorsed the bill, in part because the paying companies would have been protected from having to clean tainted water of nitrates. Legislators estimated that together the two bills could have raised more than $100 million a year. Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon, a Democrat from Paramount, declined Friday to put the two measures to a vote.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In November, California voters will decide on \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_3,_Water_Infrastructure_and_Watershed_Conservation_Bond_Initiative_(2018)\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 3\u003c/a>, which would permit the state to borrow almost $9 billion to help fund all kinds of water infrastructure projects: storage, dam repairs, watershed improvements and restoration of fisheries and other habitat. Voters in June approved a bond measure for more than $4 billion, some of it for waterway cleanup.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In this summer’s state budget agreement, more than $23 million was set aside for safer drinking water, with another $5 million to address lead in water at child-care centers.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Last week, activists rallied outside California’s Capitol, trying to build support for the two Monning bills. The measures wouldn’t have solved all the state’s drinking-water problems, but money from both could have been used for operations, not just infrastructure projects, said Phoebe Seaton, co-director of the nonprofit Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, based in Fresno. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason they’re so important is they provide the revenue necessary for operations maintenance,” Seaton said. The ballot measure bond money could be spent only on infrastructure improvements. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means helping … some districts get solvent so they can apply for grants,” she said. “They complement the bond funds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was music to the ears of Compton residents. Their water district was the poster child for Monning’s bills. One crucial step for that district, Seaton said, is to get financially straight so it can secure the grants necessary to make improvements. Without the operational funding from the bills, she said, the Sativa district will continue to founder. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Tuck, deputy executive director of the Association of Water Agencies, a statewide trade group, said another tax is not the way to go and might cause more problems than it would solve. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a social issue for the state of California, and the state should do something about it,” Tuck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690397\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-800x461.jpg\" alt=\"State Sen. Bill Monning, right, at a hearing. Money raised by two bills advanced by Monning could have been used for both water operations and water infrastructure projects. Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon declined to put the two measures to a vote.\" width=\"800\" height=\"461\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11690397\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-160x92.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-240x138.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-375x216.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-520x300.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Sen. Bill Monning, right, at a hearing. Money raised by two bills advanced by Monning could have been used for both water operations and water infrastructure projects. Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon declined to put the two measures to a vote. \u003ccite>(Robbie Short/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The opt-out provision of the voluntary fee, she said, could have caused chaos in water companies’ billing systems. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water agencies have automated electronic systems,” Tuck said, and giving people a choice about paying one part of their bill runs counter to that. “I had one city tell me it would be over a million dollars just to change their system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many customers might not even have known they’d paid an additional fee, she said, particularly if they used an auto-pay feature. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if customers paid the voluntary charge without meaning to, they could have had their money refunded, setting off another complicated accounting procedure, Tuck said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a logistical nightmare,” she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seaton had a different view: “There has been a lot of thinking on this. That’s why (there would have been) a notification period beforehand to include people.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the bill wouldn’t have gone into effect until 2020, she noted—enough time for some of those logistical details to be ironed out. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis just wants relief from the brown stuff dribbling from her faucet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not safe,” she said. “It can’t be safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11690367/is-help-on-the-way-for-californians-with-tainted-water","authors":["8656"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_457","news_8","news_13","news_356"],"tags":["news_19232","news_483","news_5891"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11690396","label":"source_news_11690367"},"news_11682118":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11682118","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11682118","score":null,"sort":[1532386689000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-water-wars-continue","title":"California's Water Wars Continue","publishDate":1532386689,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Mark Fiore: Drawn to the Bay | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18515,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The battle over California's water may be entering a new phase as the state prepares to hand out \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorewater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$2.7 billion for additional water storage projects\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Water storage\" doesn't necessarily mean big new dams, and will likely include projects that use California's underground aquifers as reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most heated fights will continue to be over how much water is allocated to agriculture, which drinks up \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927756/california-farms-water-use-still-unclear-despite-new-reporting-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">70 percent of freshwater supplies\u003c/a> across the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke \u003ca href=\"https://www.modbee.com/news/article215233030.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">visited California's Don Pedro reservoir\u003c/a> last week, saying, \"I do believe part of the solution in California is more storage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The battle over California's water may be entering a new phase as the state prepares to hand out $2.7 billion for new water storage projects.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1532386709,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":103},"headData":{"title":"California's Water Wars Continue | KQED","description":"The battle over California's water may be entering a new phase as the state prepares to hand out $2.7 billion for new water storage projects.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11682118 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11682118","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/07/23/californias-water-wars-continue/","disqusTitle":"California's Water Wars Continue","path":"/news/11682118/californias-water-wars-continue","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The battle over California's water may be entering a new phase as the state prepares to hand out \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorewater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$2.7 billion for additional water storage projects\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Water storage\" doesn't necessarily mean big new dams, and will likely include projects that use California's underground aquifers as reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most heated fights will continue to be over how much water is allocated to agriculture, which drinks up \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927756/california-farms-water-use-still-unclear-despite-new-reporting-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">70 percent of freshwater supplies\u003c/a> across the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke \u003ca href=\"https://www.modbee.com/news/article215233030.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">visited California's Don Pedro reservoir\u003c/a> last week, saying, \"I do believe part of the solution in California is more storage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11682118/californias-water-wars-continue","authors":["3236"],"series":["news_18515"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_13","news_356"],"tags":["news_4092","news_20599","news_19232","news_20949","news_464","news_21289","news_6442"],"featImg":"news_11682128","label":"news_18515"},"news_11674188":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11674188","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11674188","score":null,"sort":[1531389607000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"hetch-hetchy-waters-epic-journey-from-mountains-to-tap","title":"Hetch Hetchy Water’s Epic Journey, From Mountains to Tap","publishDate":1531389607,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Hetch Hetchy Water’s Epic Journey, From Mountains to Tap | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":33523,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>If you live in San Francisco — or even certain parts of Alameda, Santa Clara and San Mateo counties — a portion of your drinking water travels over 150 miles to get to your tap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a journey that begins at the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park, a source of drinking water that has a well-known and crystal-clear reputation: It’s so clear that it isn’t filtered – only treated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listeners Alex Kornblum, 8, and his dad, Heath Kornblum, were talking about their drinking water when they landed on this question:\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nHow long does it take for water to get from Hetch Hetchy to San Francisco? And how far does it travel?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11674248\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11674248\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-1020x470.jpg\" alt=\"Map of the Hetch Hetchy water system.\" width=\"640\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-1020x470.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-160x74.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-800x369.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-1200x553.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-1180x544.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-960x442.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-240x111.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-375x173.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-520x240.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch.jpg 1352w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of the Hetch Hetchy water system. \u003ccite>((Credit: By Shannon1 via Wikimedia Commons))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>The Very Beginning\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It all starts high in the Sierra. So high that the water isn’t water. It’s snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The snow that we’re talking about is the snow that falls on the Tuolumne River watershed, which is 492 square miles,” says Suzanne Gautier, coordinator for citizen involvement for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That snow melts into the Tuolumne River, and three smaller creeks that empty into the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11677987\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11677987 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch3-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left to right, Suzanne Gautier, Annie Li, Alex Kornblum and Heath Kornblum, stand in front of a map of the Hetch Hetchy system at the Harry Tracy Water Treatment Plant in San Bruno, California. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“On average per year, San Franciscans consume what would be equal to 1 foot of snow covering that Tuolumne River watershed,” says Gautier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put this into perspective, it takes about 5 feet of snow to fill the whole reservoir. But if we just need 1 foot — it seems like there’s plenty of backup supply, right? Not always. During the recent six-year drought, there wasn’t enough snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It must have been about 2015 or so,” says Gautier. “They were measuring the snow and it was very, very shallow when it should have been very much higher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At that point, the Public Utilities Commission started asking people to use less water.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Journey Continues\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listeners Alex and Heath are standing in front of a large map of the Hetch Hetchy water system at the Harry Tracy Water Treatment Plant in San Bruno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annie Li, a senior engineer at the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, points to the yellow and brown squiggly lines on the map, revealing our water’s path from Hetch Hetchy to the Bay Area. She says the water first leaves Hetch Hetchy through the O’Shaughnessy Dam. Then it travels through a series of mountain tunnels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way, it goes through a hydroelectric dam that generates enough electricity to\u003ca href=\"https://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=207\"> power about 17 percent of San Francisco’s\u003c/a> electricity needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes keeping the lights on at San Francisco schools and powering Muni light-rail vehicles, streetcars and trolley coaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11677986\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11677986\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch2-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Annie Li explains how a portion of San Francisco's drinking water is filtered and cleaned at the Harry Tracy Water Treatment Plant. About 85% of San Francisco's water comes from Hetch Hetchy.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Annie Li, a senior engineer at the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, explains how a portion of San Francisco’s drinking water is filtered and cleaned at the Harry Tracy Water Treatment Plant. About 85 percent of San Francisco’s water comes from Hetch Hetchy. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Li says the water travels downhill the whole way (the system is entirely gravity-fed), whooshing through tunnels drilled through solid granite, and pipelines lined with concrete. Think of it as a giant underground water slide — twisting around mountains and under rivers — until it arrives at your tap. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes about three days for the water to get from over here,” Li says, pointing to Hetch Hetchy on the map, “all the way into San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Only three days?” remarks Alex. “I thought it would take longer than that. Like four or five days, maybe a week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Additional Reading\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/07/10/court-rejects-environmentalists-lawsuit-to-drain-hetch-hetchy-reservoir/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Court rejects environmentalists’ lawsuit to drain Hetch Hetchy Reservoir (San Jose Mercury News)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/thetake/article/How-Hetch-Hetchy-Valley-s-natural-beauty-was-12496800.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Hetch Hetchy Valley’s natural beauty was sacrificed to quench SF’s thirst (SF Chronicle)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOQqTP2JvDs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VIDEO: Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct: Big Fixes for Big Quakes (KQED)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Z7_wf28UCs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VIDEO: Hetch Hetchy: To Restore or Not (KQED)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>His dad, Heath, then asks how they figured out that number. “Did you send like some kind of a probe in the water to time it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Li says they use flow meters throughout the system to calculate the answer. These meters will tell you how much water is moving through what pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we do a little bit of math and you say 167 miles, moving at 3 feet per second, equals about 83 hours,” says Gautier.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘An Average Answer’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“So, 83 hours, that’s the final answer,” says Heath, processing the calculations. “It’s sort of an average answer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The travel time fluctuates because water operators are always releasing different amounts of water, depending on how much people use every day — \u003ci>and every season.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During summertime people use more water. During wintertime, when it rains a lot, we don’t need to drink as much, or water our lawns, so we use a lot less,” says Li.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also regulate the water due to diurnal shifts in demand since water use changes throughout the day — like when most of us are taking showers or washing dishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All in, water from the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir serves about 2.7 million residents and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11677985\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11677985\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch1-1020x690.jpg\" alt=\"Alex Kornblum looks out over the San Francisco Bay from the top of a water storage tank at the Harry Tracy Water Treatment Plant in San Bruno, Calif. \" width=\"640\" height=\"433\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alex Kornblum looks out over San Francisco Bay from the top of a water storage tank at the Harry Tracy Water Treatment Plant in San Bruno, California. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>But to Walk?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As Alex and Heath were getting ready to leave the treatment plant, there was still one more question they wanted answered: How long does it take to \u003cem>walk\u003c/em> the same distance?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I walk 3 miles an hour,” says Gautier. “So that’s, what, 167 miles?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heath chimes in to help with the calculations. “If we say 180 [miles] that’s divisible by 3. Right? So about 60 hours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were actually spot on, according to Google maps. But Suzanne had some qualms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You might get there faster walking than the water would get here, but you wouldn’t be stopping for sleep,” says Gautier. “And if we were walking to Hetch Hetchy, we would be walking uphill. So that 3 miles an hour is going to be more like a mile and a half.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Take a journey with the Bay Area's drinking water -- from mountain to tap.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700596773,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1133},"headData":{"title":"Hetch Hetchy Water’s Epic Journey, From Mountains to Tap | KQED","description":"Take a journey with the Bay Area's drinking water -- from mountain to tap.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/new-bay-curious/2018/07/HetchHetchy.mp3","path":"/news/11674188/hetch-hetchy-waters-epic-journey-from-mountains-to-tap","audioDuration":550000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you live in San Francisco — or even certain parts of Alameda, Santa Clara and San Mateo counties — a portion of your drinking water travels over 150 miles to get to your tap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a journey that begins at the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park, a source of drinking water that has a well-known and crystal-clear reputation: It’s so clear that it isn’t filtered – only treated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listeners Alex Kornblum, 8, and his dad, Heath Kornblum, were talking about their drinking water when they landed on this question:\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nHow long does it take for water to get from Hetch Hetchy to San Francisco? And how far does it travel?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11674248\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11674248\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-1020x470.jpg\" alt=\"Map of the Hetch Hetchy water system.\" width=\"640\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-1020x470.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-160x74.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-800x369.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-1200x553.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-1180x544.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-960x442.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-240x111.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-375x173.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch-520x240.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch.jpg 1352w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of the Hetch Hetchy water system. \u003ccite>((Credit: By Shannon1 via Wikimedia Commons))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>The Very Beginning\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It all starts high in the Sierra. So high that the water isn’t water. It’s snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The snow that we’re talking about is the snow that falls on the Tuolumne River watershed, which is 492 square miles,” says Suzanne Gautier, coordinator for citizen involvement for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That snow melts into the Tuolumne River, and three smaller creeks that empty into the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11677987\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11677987 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch3-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left to right, Suzanne Gautier, Annie Li, Alex Kornblum and Heath Kornblum, stand in front of a map of the Hetch Hetchy system at the Harry Tracy Water Treatment Plant in San Bruno, California. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“On average per year, San Franciscans consume what would be equal to 1 foot of snow covering that Tuolumne River watershed,” says Gautier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put this into perspective, it takes about 5 feet of snow to fill the whole reservoir. But if we just need 1 foot — it seems like there’s plenty of backup supply, right? Not always. During the recent six-year drought, there wasn’t enough snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It must have been about 2015 or so,” says Gautier. “They were measuring the snow and it was very, very shallow when it should have been very much higher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At that point, the Public Utilities Commission started asking people to use less water.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Journey Continues\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listeners Alex and Heath are standing in front of a large map of the Hetch Hetchy water system at the Harry Tracy Water Treatment Plant in San Bruno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annie Li, a senior engineer at the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, points to the yellow and brown squiggly lines on the map, revealing our water’s path from Hetch Hetchy to the Bay Area. She says the water first leaves Hetch Hetchy through the O’Shaughnessy Dam. Then it travels through a series of mountain tunnels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way, it goes through a hydroelectric dam that generates enough electricity to\u003ca href=\"https://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=207\"> power about 17 percent of San Francisco’s\u003c/a> electricity needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes keeping the lights on at San Francisco schools and powering Muni light-rail vehicles, streetcars and trolley coaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11677986\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11677986\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch2-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Annie Li explains how a portion of San Francisco's drinking water is filtered and cleaned at the Harry Tracy Water Treatment Plant. About 85% of San Francisco's water comes from Hetch Hetchy.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Annie Li, a senior engineer at the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, explains how a portion of San Francisco’s drinking water is filtered and cleaned at the Harry Tracy Water Treatment Plant. About 85 percent of San Francisco’s water comes from Hetch Hetchy. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Li says the water travels downhill the whole way (the system is entirely gravity-fed), whooshing through tunnels drilled through solid granite, and pipelines lined with concrete. Think of it as a giant underground water slide — twisting around mountains and under rivers — until it arrives at your tap. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes about three days for the water to get from over here,” Li says, pointing to Hetch Hetchy on the map, “all the way into San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Only three days?” remarks Alex. “I thought it would take longer than that. Like four or five days, maybe a week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Additional Reading\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/07/10/court-rejects-environmentalists-lawsuit-to-drain-hetch-hetchy-reservoir/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Court rejects environmentalists’ lawsuit to drain Hetch Hetchy Reservoir (San Jose Mercury News)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/thetake/article/How-Hetch-Hetchy-Valley-s-natural-beauty-was-12496800.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Hetch Hetchy Valley’s natural beauty was sacrificed to quench SF’s thirst (SF Chronicle)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOQqTP2JvDs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VIDEO: Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct: Big Fixes for Big Quakes (KQED)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Z7_wf28UCs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VIDEO: Hetch Hetchy: To Restore or Not (KQED)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>His dad, Heath, then asks how they figured out that number. “Did you send like some kind of a probe in the water to time it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Li says they use flow meters throughout the system to calculate the answer. These meters will tell you how much water is moving through what pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we do a little bit of math and you say 167 miles, moving at 3 feet per second, equals about 83 hours,” says Gautier.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘An Average Answer’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“So, 83 hours, that’s the final answer,” says Heath, processing the calculations. “It’s sort of an average answer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The travel time fluctuates because water operators are always releasing different amounts of water, depending on how much people use every day — \u003ci>and every season.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During summertime people use more water. During wintertime, when it rains a lot, we don’t need to drink as much, or water our lawns, so we use a lot less,” says Li.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also regulate the water due to diurnal shifts in demand since water use changes throughout the day — like when most of us are taking showers or washing dishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All in, water from the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir serves about 2.7 million residents and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11677985\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11677985\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/hetch1-1020x690.jpg\" alt=\"Alex Kornblum looks out over the San Francisco Bay from the top of a water storage tank at the Harry Tracy Water Treatment Plant in San Bruno, Calif. \" width=\"640\" height=\"433\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alex Kornblum looks out over San Francisco Bay from the top of a water storage tank at the Harry Tracy Water Treatment Plant in San Bruno, California. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>But to Walk?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As Alex and Heath were getting ready to leave the treatment plant, there was still one more question they wanted answered: How long does it take to \u003cem>walk\u003c/em> the same distance?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I walk 3 miles an hour,” says Gautier. “So that’s, what, 167 miles?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heath chimes in to help with the calculations. “If we say 180 [miles] that’s divisible by 3. Right? So about 60 hours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were actually spot on, according to Google maps. But Suzanne had some qualms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You might get there faster walking than the water would get here, but you wouldn’t be stopping for sleep,” says Gautier. “And if we were walking to Hetch Hetchy, we would be walking uphill. So that 3 miles an hour is going to be more like a mile and a half.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11674188/hetch-hetchy-waters-epic-journey-from-mountains-to-tap","authors":["11327"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_33520","news_356"],"tags":["news_20447","news_19232","news_3776"],"featImg":"news_11677995","label":"news_33523"},"news_11610178":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11610178","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11610178","score":null,"sort":[1501883897000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"oil-wastewater-in-drinking-water-aquifers","title":"Oil Wastewater in Drinking Water Aquifers","publishDate":1501883897,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Mark Fiore: Drawn to the Bay | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18515,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Did you know that for every barrel of oil, a California oil well produces 19 barrels of wastewater? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/03/how-much-drinking-water-has-california-lost-to-oil-industry-waste-no-one-knows/\">allowed oil companies to pump this waste into drinking water aquifers\u003c/a>. Oil wastewater is often laden with salts, heavy metals and chemicals like benzene -- not good for farmers, not good for humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Did you know that for every barrel of oil, a California oil well produces 19 barrels of wastewater? State regulators allowed oil companies to pump this waste into drinking water aquifers. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1501883897,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":59},"headData":{"title":"Oil Wastewater in Drinking Water Aquifers | KQED","description":"Did you know that for every barrel of oil, a California oil well produces 19 barrels of wastewater? State regulators allowed oil companies to pump this waste into drinking water aquifers. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11610178 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11610178","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/04/oil-wastewater-in-drinking-water-aquifers/","disqusTitle":"Oil Wastewater in Drinking Water Aquifers","path":"/news/11610178/oil-wastewater-in-drinking-water-aquifers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Did you know that for every barrel of oil, a California oil well produces 19 barrels of wastewater? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/03/how-much-drinking-water-has-california-lost-to-oil-industry-waste-no-one-knows/\">allowed oil companies to pump this waste into drinking water aquifers\u003c/a>. Oil wastewater is often laden with salts, heavy metals and chemicals like benzene -- not good for farmers, not good for humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11610178/oil-wastewater-in-drinking-water-aquifers","authors":["3236"],"series":["news_18515"],"categories":["news_19906","news_457","news_356"],"tags":["news_4092","news_19232","news_20150","news_20949","news_17781","news_21390","news_21388"],"featImg":"news_11610192","label":"news_18515"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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